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52 : Śramaņa, Vol 66, No. 2, April-June 2015 permanent given to the eternal objects, refer to sāsvata-nama-nikṣepa (eternal namal positing) as Siddhaśilā (abode of liberated souls), Sūrya (Sun), Loka (the universe) etc. In the case where there are modifications and developments, it is temporary or Aśāsvata-nāmaniksepa (non-eternal namal positing). From the point of view of Meru etc, it lasts as long as the objects, whereas in case of the names like 'Devadatta'etc. they do not last as long as object because these names are changed even if the object is existent.. Types of Nāma-nikṣepa12
(1) Jātināma (Name Indicating Generality) The Sāmānya (generality) which is characterized by existence (tadbhāva) and similarity (sādņśya) is called Jāti e.g. cow, man, ghața (pitcher), pata (cloth) etc. (2) Dravya-nāma (Name Indicating Substance) It is of tow types: (i) Samavāya-dravya (Name indicating inherent Substance) Which is inherent and relatively identical with substance is called samavāya-dravya. For instance: to call one-eyed person, as Kānā (blind with one eye) is samavāya-dravya-nāma nikṣepa. In this instance, a blind man's eye is inherent in the substance (the man as a whole). (ii) Saṁyoga-dravya-nāma (Name indicating union with Substance) When we name a thing due to its union with any independent substance it is called saṁyoga-dravya-nāma. For instance darda (stick), chatra (umbrella) etc. are independent existing substance but the person who possesses danda and chatra is called dandi and chatrī respectively. It is of eight types: With regard to one and many Jivas (souls) and Ajivas (non-souls) with union and predication made about them, there can be only eight types of predication:
