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George Cardona
(6.3.137 [2.1]) that such long-vowel substitution is seen to apply to items other than those he has previously specified. Similarly, having gone as far as possible in stating the domains of certain affixes, he has to admit that they are seen to occur under additional, indeterminate, conditions.
Jambu-jyoti
Clearly, Panini does not consider it his task to put a strait-jacket on some state of a language to have it go on as a frozen fossil. On the contrary, he describes a living language used by native speakers who were carrying out innovations and generalizations. Moreover, Panini's rules recognize, as should any grammar, that the final results of developments which have started cannot be predicted. Hence, the Aṣṭādhyāyī appropriately includes what I call 'escape rules', statements which, I think, testify to the acumen and insight of Panini.
Annotations:
1. A short version of this paper was presented at the Xth World Sanskrit Conference in Bangalore (January 3-9, 1997), and an abstract under the title 'Escape rules in Panini: sūtras of the type "anyebhyo' pi drsyate" was published in the proceedings of this conference: Xth World Sanskrit Conference... English Abstracts (New Delhi : Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan, 1997),. pp. 412-413. I have used the following abbreviations: RV: Ṛgveda, Kāś.: Kāśikāvṛtti: Aryendra Sharma, Khanderao Deshpande, D. G. Padhye 1969-70, PM: Padamañjarī: Dwarikadas Shastri and Kalika Prasad Shukla 1965-1967, Paddhati: Vṛsabhadeva's Paddhati: K. A. Subramania Iyer 1963a, Pr.: Padīpa: Vedavrata 1962-63, Bh.: Mahābhāṣya : Abhyankar 1962-72, LSS: Laghuśabdendusekhara with Bhairava's Candrakala (edited by Narahari Śästri Pendse, reedited by Gopala Śăstrî Nene, Varanasi : Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 1987), Väs: Värarucasangraha with Nārāyaṇa's Dīpaprabhā (edited by D. N. Pandey, Varanasi : Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 1986), vt. vārttika, VPVṛ.: Vṛtti on the Vakyapadīya: K. A. Subramania Iyer 1963a, VS Vājasaneyisamhitä, SK: Siddhantakaumudi : Giridhara Śarmā Caturveda and Parameśvarānanda Sarma Bhaskara. For full bibliographic references, see Pänini, A Survey of Research (The Hague: Mouton, 1976, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1980 [reprinted 1997]). In addition, 'Debrunner' refers to Albert Debrunner, Altindische Grammatik von Jakob Wackernagel, Band II, 2: Die Nominalsuffixe (Göttingen: Vandenhoek & Ruprecht, 1954) and 'Cardona 1997 refers to Panini, his Work and its Traditions, Volume I: Background and Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and enlarged (Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass).
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