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The Humanism of Haribhadra
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or striving (prarthana) for bodhi, etc. (and as such, we may add, comparable to the bodhicitta of the Bauddhas, see e.g. my Nagarjuniana, p. 183).
XXX. Thanks to its sāmāyika, tapas, etc. the soul finally becomes absolutely pure, omniscient and illuminated. In this state it illuminates, or cognizes, everything, including itself.
XXXI. Due to a particular sort of karma the liberated soul of the Lord still goes on with its dharmadeśanā, adapting the teachings according to the capacity and demands of the various audiences (-again, exactly like the bodhisattva of the Bauddhas).
XXXII. To be sure, liberation is due to the extinction of all karmas. It is freedom from rebirth, and absolute happiness. It is bliss, and it is entirely good, etc. Most scholars would agree with Haribhadra about this, he concludes, even though it cannot really be expressed in words. A final punyaparināmanā (to use the Bauddha term).
4. Clearly, Haribhadra is anything but a narrow-minded sectarian. When it comes to scholastic details he is undoubtedly a Jaina, but on fundamental issues he is so openminded and catholic that he almost stands out as a spokesman of classical Indian philosophy in general. He was naturally aware of this, for instance when he appeals to the authority of sarvaśāstrasamsthiti, when he rejects internal disputes as matters of mere samjñā, nāma-, or abhidhānabheda, when he advises us to reject paksapāta, and when he insists on our taking on an attitude of mādhyasthya.
The concept of dharma is, as it were--not only for Haribhadrathe cardinal point that lends a certain unity and coherence to his manifold views. It therefore seems reasonable to collect some of his most significant remarks from his authentic works, showing his views on dharma and various concepts closely related to dharma.
1. First of all, dharma consists in practice, or activity, anusthāna (DB 1.3). It is something we have to do, dharmaḥ kāryah (DB 1. 64). Another most frequent term for activity is yoga, and all purposeful human activity should focus on dharma-dharmottaro yogah (DB 5.73; Comm: dharmaphalaḥ sarva eva yogo vyāpārah). Yoga is a particular form of dharma, a dharmavisesah (Comm. to YS 2 : anusthāna is a kriyārupa having to do with vidhi and pratisedha). Understandably, compounds such as
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