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APRIL, 1896.)
ESSAYS ON KASMIRI GRAMMAR.
95
The Pluperfect is formed by substituting ya for y8, and byť for ye in the masculine. The Feminine is the same as above. We thus get the following forms:
He had been made
They (masc.) had been made
by me by thee by him by us by you by them ...
karya-m karya-t tary4# karyan karya-vo karyd-k
karéyém kartykaréyékaréyéy karéyé-ve karéyék
So also from the Causal, mdrandvy8-m, etc.
If the stem of the tense, however, ends in ts, tsh or, the y of y8 and of yd is omitted. We thus get sôx8-m, not sốay-m, I sent him; sôad-m, I bad sent him. Moreover, in these verbs, y@ya, ya, and éyé become oya, ó, and oys, respectively. We thus get the following forms :
Indefinite Past.
He was sent
She was sent
They (masc.) were sont) They (fem.) were sent
...
by me by thee by him by us by you by them
8ôzô- tôi đ-4 sôzô- ఆరీకారం sôzô-vg sózo
sôôya-m sixoyat sôsoya-n sôzoya sôzôya-og sôzôya-k
sok-on. Mộtô838ô-n sonoy 8638-vg sôcô-k
Same as Fem. sing.
Pluperfect, masculine.
He had been sent
They had been sent
soud-m soud-t sord-n
by me... by thee ... by him ... by us .. by you .. by them ..
sôsoye-m *ôzôyét sôzôye-n adsoyéy sôzôyé-ver #Ozôye-k,
sósá-va aord-K
The following verbs, however, do insert y in the masculine singular terminations, katsun, to be wet; grotown, to be splashed out of a vessel; tsotsun, to be without employment; tshotsun, to be empty; tésun, to be sharp ; pasun, to be fit; rôtoun, to be pleasant; vetsun, to contain; brarun, to shine; bdwasun, to be pleasant; letsun, to be weak; érôtsun, to be pare. These are all neuter verbe, and therefore take the terminations of neuter verbs. Vide post. Thus katoyos, not katos, I was wet.)
