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No. 25.]
KALUCHUMBARRU GRANT OF AMMA II.
183
In addition to conveying the village itself, the record recites, in line 70 f., the grant in perpetuity, to a certain Kusumayudha, son of Kattalâmbå, of the grâmakalatva or office of Gråmakûţa or headman of the village. The post was evidently that of the village official who is known in Marathi as the Patel or Påțil, and in Kanarese as the Gavuda or Gauda.
Of the Kanarese word gavuda or gauda, we have various earlier forms, - gaunda, gavunda, gávunda, gavundu, gavundu, gamunda, and gamundu. And we can dow see that it was derived from the word grämakuța itself, through a corruption of grama into some such form as the gámvu which occurs as the termination of certain village-names in the Paithan plates of A.D. 1272,8 coupled with, in kúfa, a disappearance of the k and a softening of the t into d, and accompanied by a shifting of the nasality of the first component of the word. It may be added that, in colloquial usage, the modern form gauda is often nasalised and pronounced gaunda; also, that Professor Pischel tells me that the Definámamdlá, ii. 69, gives gúmaüda as the Pråkpit form of grimakúta.
It may be remarked here that the Marathi word påțel, pâţil, can now be distinctly traced back to the earlier word pattakila, which we have in, for instance, the Ujjain plates of A.D. 975 and 1023 and the Bhopal plates of A.D. 1200, 10 through an intermediate form pattela which I have found in a Sanskrit Nagari inscription, of about the thirteenth century A.D., at Manchar in the Poona district, in which a certain person is described, in verse, as pafféla-varya," best or chief of the paffêlas." In this case, again, there has been an elision of a medial k.
In line 72, the record presents the expression ajñaptiḥ katakadhisaḥ. The word ajirapti means literally a command.' But, as has been indicated before now, in such passages as the present one it was employed to denote the Dutaka or messenger, whose duty it was to communi. cate the fact and details of a grant to the local authorities. What was intended by the word katakadhisa, has not been so obvious. But it can now be made clear by a comparison of passages.
1 Vol. V. above, p. 282, and p. 247, line 34.
Ibid. p. 232. Ilid. pp. 214, 261; and Ind. Ant. Vol. XII. p. 219, the last line of the text: this last instance is of A.D. 866. • Jour. Bo. Br. R. As. Soc. Vol. X. p. 245, line 48. . Ibid. p. 204, line 1, and p. 245, line 46; the first of these two instances is of A.D. 980. • Ind. Ant. Vol. XI. p. 70, line 17, of about A.D. 750; and id. Vol. XIX. p. 144, line 8 8., of about A.D. 690. * Id. Vol. XII. p. 271, lines 12, 13; this instance is of A.D. 973. • See id. Vol. XXX. p. 517.
. Id. Vol. VI. p. 51, line 10, and p. 58, line 7-8. Mr. N. J. Kirtane, who edited those records, recognised the meaning of pattakila, and translated it by pdll.
10 Id. Vol. XVI. p. 254, line 10.
11 See, for instance, id. Vol. XX. pp. 18, 86, and Vol. V. above, p. 119.- The word has, indeed, been other. wire rendered, by executor ;' see South-Ind. Ingers. Vol. I. Pp. 36, 62, and Vol. V. above, p. 71. But that is opposed by such expressions as did sayam and sa-mukh-djayd in two of the records of the Eastern Gangas of Kalinganagara ; see Ind. Ant. Vol. XIII. p. 121, line 19, and Vol. III. above, p. 129, line 24. The word djiid, also, means 's command.' It was, indeed, sometimes used in the same technical sense with djñapti: for instance, another Eastern Gangs record says djid mahámahattara-Gauri armm [d"],"the djrid is the Mahamahattara Gsurisarman;" see Ind. Ant. Vol. XIII. p. 123, line 24. But in the expression sa mukh-djflayd it is to be translated by its ordinary meaning of command;' the passage tells us that this charter of Rajasimha has been written, at the command of his (the king's) own mouth, by Vinayachandrs, son of Bhanuchandrs." In the expression djid svayam, it may bave s more technical meaning. But it cannet there mean 'executor ; for, a king would certainly not attend in person to the administration of an endowment made by him. On the other hand, neither would he act
Ditakaand Prof. Kielhorn has reminded me of two cases in which the expression djfid wayam, in the transposed form srayamdjid, "the djid is Ourself," is followed by the words ddlakalachedira, "and the Dataka in this matter is, etc.," introducing the name of person who was not the king who is designated by the words arayana djfid; see Ind. Ant. Vol. IX. p. 170, line 21, and p. 175, line 22-28.
