Jain Darshan Me Panch Parmeshthi

Author(s): Jagmahendra Sinh Rana
Publisher: Nirmal Publications
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/023543/1

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jaina darzana meM paJca paramAncho DDHIARPAT CHITRAGAVAD jagamahendra siMha rANA

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DA0 jagamahendra siMha rANA janma sthAna janma tithi gA~va sisAya (hisAra) hariyANA 2 apraila, 1655 zikSA pI0eca0DI0 kurUkSetra vizvavidyAlaya, kurUkSetra zikSA sthAna : samprati rAjakIya mahAvidyAlaya hA~sI

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(Pancha Parmesthi in Jain Philosophy) DaoN0 jagamahendrasiMha rANA eca0 i0 esa0 prAdhyApaka saMskRta nirmala pablikezans dillI - 110094

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paramapUjya paNDita ratna, paMjAba pravartaka / gurudeva sva0 zrI muni zuklacanda mahArAja jI punIta janma zatI mahotsava ke avasara para prakAzita 48/14 jaina sthAnaka karanAla, hariyANA * kurukSetra vizvavidyAlaya, kurukSetra kI pI0 eca0 DI0 upAdhi hetu svIkRta zodha-prabandha prathamAvRtti vIra nirvANa saMvat 2523 vikrama saMvat 2052ISBN : 81-86400-25-7 prakAzaka nirmala pablikezans e/139, ga0 na0 - 3,kabIra nagara, zAhadarA, dillI - 94. phona naM. 2114193 mUlya : 300.00 ru0 mudraka: amara priTiMga praisa, dillI

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samarpaNa jina bhavyAtmAoM ne jambudvIpa bharatakSetra ke jisa kisI bhI bhUbhAga kI giriguphAoM vA jina parvatazikharoM para yoga-dhyAnarUr3ha ho, jinatva paramAtma kA sAkSAtkAra kara siddhatvalAma kiyA hai, jo prakRta paramAtva-anusandhAna meM bhI adRSTa sampreraka haiM, una lAkhoM karor3oM RSi-maharSiyoM, yati-munivaroM, manISi-santoM ko koTi-koTi zataza: vandana ..... vandana inhIM vizada paramajJAnasvarUpa paramatattva paMca parameSThiyoM ke sadya:pUta caraNa kamaloM meM sabhakti savinaya sAdara samarpita -- jagamahendrasiMha rANA

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zubhAzISa jina sAsaNassa sAro caudasa puMbbANa jo smuddhaaro| jassa maNe namokAro saMsAro tassa ki kunnii|| navakara mahAmaMtra jaina dharma kA prabhAvazAlI anAdi siddha maMtra hai| jaina paramparA kI mAnyatA hai ki isa maMtra meM sampUrNa jaina vAr3amaya kA arthAt caudaha pUrva ke vizAla zruta-jJAna kA sAra vidyamAna hai| jainAcAryoM kI dhAraNA hai ki caudaha pUrva kA vizAla jJAna eka tarapha aura navakAra maMtra kI mahattA eka tarapha hai| caudaha pUrva kA sAra isalie hai ki isameM samabhAva kI pradhAnatA kA samagra digdarzana huA hai tathA guNa pUjA kI bhI mahattA para prakAza par3atA hai / jaina dharma aura saMskRti kA pravAha samatA ko lakSya meM rakhakara pravAhita huA hai, yaha maMtra bhI isI divya samabhAva kA pramukha pratIka hai| isa maMtra kI sarvAdhika vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM binA kisI jAti, dharma va sampradAya ke bheda se saMsAra kI samasta mahAn pavitra va ucca AtmAoM ko zraddhA va bhakti-pUrvaka namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| navakAra maMtra vyakti vAcaka ne hokara guNa vAcaka hai arthAt isameM vyakti ko nahIM apitu AtmA ke ucca guNoM ko vandana kiyA jAtA hai| anya darzanoM meM maMtroM kA sambandha rAma, kRSNa, brahmA, viSNu, ziva, durgA, kAlI Adi anya devI-devatAoM ke sAtha hotA hai lekina jaina paramparA kA yaha maMtra sarvathA guNa niSpanna hai| jagat meM Atmopalabdhi hetu jina guNoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, una sabhI guNoM kA samAveza isa mahAmaMtra meM vidyamAna hai| isalie jinavANI yA dvAdazAMgI ke paMcama aMga bhagavatAsUtra kA maMgalAcaraNa isI maMtra ke mAdhyama se huA hai| ___ navakAra mahAmaMtra eka lokottara maMtra hai jisakI aparimeya zakti aura apratihata prabhAva hai| lokottara maMtra dvArA laukika va lokottara donoM kArya siddha hote haiN| isa maMtra dvArA sAdhaka AtmA kI prasupta zaktiyoM ko anAvRtta karatA hai| AdhyAtmika zaktiyoM ko jAgRta karake sAdhaka vAsanAoM kA niyamana kara letA hai| yaha maMtra isalie bhI sarvazreSTha hai ki isake sraSTA lokazreSTha mahApuruSa hai| jaina dharma kA vizvAsa hai ki isa maMtra kA pratipAdana tIrthaMkaroM dvArA huA hai, aura isakI sUtrabaddhatA gaNadharoM dvArA huI hai| isakA vAcyArtha lokottara puruSoM ko namaskAra svarUpa hai| vidhi pUrvaka triyoga zuddhi ke sAtha navalakSa navakAra kA japArthI tIrthaMkara banane kI saMbhAvanA apane meM paidA karake sadAkAla ke lie

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ajara-amara pada ko upalabdha kara sakatA hai| kalpasUtra meM likhA hai ki navakAra mahAmaMtra ke eka akSara ke jApa va ArAdhana se sAta sAgaropama ke pApa naSTa ho jAte haiM aura sampUrNa maMtra ke jApa se pAMca sau sAgaropama ke pApa kSaya ho jAte hai| 108 bAra jApa karane se jinavANI ke svAdhyAya kA puNya jahAM prApta hotA hai vahAM sAdhaka kA mana, citta, lezyA, adhyavasAya, va AtmA kA upayoga isI maMtra dvArA kendrita ho jAtA hai| navakAra maMtra meM navapada hai, isalie ise navakAra maMtra kahate haiN| pAMca pada-arihanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya va sAdhu ,to mUla padoM ke haiM aura cAra pada cUlikA ke isa prakAra kula nau pada hote haiN| eka anya jaina paramparA nau pada ko anya prakAra se svIkAra karatI hai| pAMca pada to mUla ke mAnatI hai aura cAra pada jJAna, darzana, caritra va tapa ko mAnatI hai| isa paramparA meM arihanta aura pAMca-pAMca pada sAdhaka tathA siddha bhUmikA ke haiM aura antima cAra pada sAdhanA ke sUcaka hai| jJAnAdi kI sAdhanA dvArA hI sAdhaka AdhyAtmika jIvana meM vikAsa karatA huA arhat pada ko upalabdha hotA hai, tatpazcAt ajara-amara, avinAzI, siddha ho jAtA hai| ina guNoM ko namaskAra karake vAstava meM jaina dharma ne guNapUjA kA mahattva hI prakaTa kiyA hai| donoM paramparAoM ke dvArA nava pada hote haiM aura isI kAraNa maMtra kA nAma navakAra hai| navakAra maMtra kA apara nAma parameSThI maMtra hai| jo mahAn AtmAeM samabhAva meM sthita hokara ucca pada para avasthita rahatI haiM ve parameSThI mAnI gaI haiN| parameSThI zabda ko arhat kA vAcaka bhI mAnA gayA hai| arhata kI pariNati siddha rUpa meM hotI hai| isa dRSTi se yaha arhata aura siddha donoM padoM kA vAhaka hai| AcArya va upAdhyAya arhatoM ke pratinidhi hote hai, arhatoM kI anupasthiti meM unakA kArya ve svayaM karate haiM isalie AcArya va upAdhyAya ko parameSThI mAna liyA gyaa| aba prazna rahA sAdhuoM kA, isakA sIdhA sambandha hai- arhat ho, AcArya ho, upAdhyAya ho ve sarvaprathama sAdhu hai, pazcAt aura kuch| vAstava meM sAdhu hI parameSThI kA rUpa hai| sAdhu arhat banane kI sAdhanA kara rahA hai, isa dRSTi se vaha parameSThI bana jAtA hai| vaise siddha aura sAdhu ina padoM meM pAMcoM padoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai phira bhI pAMcoM padoM kA svatantra amUlya astitva hai| isalie jina parameSThI AtmAoM ko namaskAra kiyA gayA ho, vaha maMtra parameSThI maMtra kahalAtA hai| parameSThI paMcaka meM prArambha ke do pada deva koTi ke antargata Ate hai aura antima tIna pada guru koTi meM Ate hai| sAttvika pramoda kA viSaya hai ki zrIyut DaoN. jagamahendrasiMha rANA ne parameSThI maMtra kI zabda va vikAsa kI yAtrA kA anuzIlana va parizIlana karake vidvatjagata va zodha jijJAsujJoM ke lie eka prazasta cintana prastuta kiyA hai| ataH ve sAdhuvAda ke pAtra hai / isa zodha prabandha kA prakAzana bhI samabhAva kI uccasthiti meM sthita rahI mahAnAtmA, prajJApurUSa va

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vii anAsakta yogI jaina zramaNasaMgha ke pravartaka paM. ratna sva. zrI zuklacanda jI ma. kI janmazatI ke upalakSya meM ho rahA hai / 48/14 jaina sthAnaka, karanAla muni subhASa 24 akTUbara 1995

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kuzala vyaktitva ke dhanI lAlA hamIracandra jI svabhAva meM namratA, vyavahAra meM zAlInatA, vANI meM madhuratA, hRdaya meM vizAlatA, kArya meM dakSatA tathA mana meM agAdha dharma AsthA Adi aneka guNoM se otaprota lAlA hamIracandra kA janma san 1911 meM nAbhA ke sambhrAnta dampati zrI sItArAma garga va zrImatI draupadI devI garga ke yahAM huaa| Apake pitA zrI nAbhA nareza zrI harisiMha jI ke variSTha salAhakAra the| mAtA-pitA se virAsata meM mile ucca va dhArmika saMskAroM ne Apake AcAra-vicAra ko navIna AyAma va sazakta dizA pradAna kii| prArambhika zikSA nAbhA meM hI pUrNa huii| jIvana meM kaThora parizrama Apako karanA pdd'aa| Apa hAIkorTa caNDIgar3ha meM sevArata rahe / prathama rajisTrAra ke pada para apanI sevAeM dete rhe| sarakArI naukarI hone ke pazcAt bhI ApakI rUci sAmAjika kAryoM meM nirantara banI rhii| jaina samAja ke prati Apa pUrNa samarpita rahe / kalA, sAhitya va zikSA ke prati ApakA viziSTa lagAva rhaa| varSoM taka jaina samAja nAbhA ke Apa pradhAna rhe| apane adhyakSa va kAryakAla meM Apane zrI rAmasvarUpa jaina sIniyara sekenDarI skUla kI saMsthApanA kI, jo skUla vartamAna meM saphalatA se gatizIla va nAbhA ke pramukha skUloM meM apanI pahacAna banAye hue hai| hajAroM bacce vahAM zikSA va naitikatA ko grahaNa kara rahe haiN| ApakI pradhAnatA meM kaI mumukSu AtmAoM ne jaina bhAgavatI dIkSA ko bhI aGgIkAra kiyaa| Apa vyAkhyAna vAcaspati kaviratna zrI surendra muni jI ma. ke caraNakamaloM ke viziSTa anurAgI the| ___ Apake pAMca suputra va sAta suputriyAM haiN| ApakI dharmapatnI zrImatI kamalAdevI Apake AdarzoM ke prati pUrNatayA samarpita haiN| Apake adhUre kAryoM ko pUrNa karane meM vaha prANapana se lagI huI hai| paMjAba pravartaka sva. zrI zuklacanda jI ma. ke janma zatAbdI varSa ke zubhAvasara para Apake suputra zrI bhuvaneza mohana ne apanI mAtA va yuvAmanISI muni zrI subhASa jI ma. kI maMgala preraNA se isa zodha prabandha-jainadarzana meM paJca parameSThI ko pAThakoM ke samakSa lAne meM apanI uttama va neka kamAI kA sadupayoga karake zikSA va vidvAnoM ke prati sAttvika anurAga kA paricaya diyA hai| hama hRdaya se zrImatI kamalA devI ke prati AbhAra abhivyakta karate haiN| pradhAna zrI surendramuni jaina phAUNDezana barAr3A, jilA ambAlA (hariyANA)

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purovAk oMkAraM bindu saMyuktaM nityaM dhyAyanti yoginaH / kAmadaM mokSadaM caiva oMkArAya namonamaH // samasta bhAratIya sampadA evaM saMskRti jisameM anusyUta hai aisA mahimAnvita oMkAra pada paramatattva kA AdhAyaka hai| RSi, maharSi, yati-muni evaM yogAvacara sadaiva tatpara ho jisakA nirantara dhyAna karate haiM, upAsanA karate haiM vaha aisA om akSara hI sattvoM kA kalyANa karane vAlA hai / yaha kAma sAdhaka evaM mokSaprada to hai hI sAtha hI artha evaM dharma kI vRddhi meM mAnava kA prabala sahAyaka haiM / isI kAraNa samasta vAGmaya isI eka pada oMkAra kA maMgalaguNagAna karate hai| samasta tapa bhI isI om akSara meM samAhita haiN| mumukSu jana bhI isI ke kAraNa brahmacarya kA pAlana karate haiM, yaha om akSara hI samasta siddhiyoM kA pradAtA sarve vedA yatpadamAmananti tapAMsi sarvANi ca yad vdnti| yadicchanto brahmacaryaM caranti tatte padaM saMgraheNa bravImyomityetat // brahmasvarUpa yaha om hI sarvottama Alambana hai jise samyak jJAtakara mAnava brahmaloka meM bhI sammAna pAtA hai| sacamuca meM jo koI bhI sattva jisa kisI bhI prakAra kI manokAmanA se oMkAra kA ekAgramana se smaraNa karatA hai vahI use mila jAtA hai, jaise upaniSadoM meM batalAyA bhI gayA hai - etaddhyevAkSaraM brahma etaddhyevAkSaraM prm| etaddhyevAkSaraM brahma jJAtvA yo yadicchati tasya tat // prajApati-mukhodbhUta om nikhila maMtroM kA nAyaka hai| isameM do 1. dra0 kaThopaniSad 2/15 2. vahI,2/16 3. dra0 yogasiddhAnta candrikA, pR0 26 : akAraM ca ukAraM ca makAraM ca prajApatiH

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svara a aura u tathA eka vyaMjana m hai aura saMskRta koza graMtha vAcaspatyam meM jisa avyayapada om ko praNava, Arambha evaM svIkAra artha meM prayukta batalAyA gayA hai vaha maMgala, zubha aura jJeya brahma kA bhI vAcaka mAnA gayA hai jisakA vigraha - . 'azca uzca mazca teSAM samAhAra: ' hai| inhIM a,u evaM m varNoM kI zakti brahmA, viSNu evaM ziva meM nihita hotI hai", aisA mAnA jAtA hai| zruti, smRti evaM purANa graMthoM meM varNita praNavapada vAcya om akSara paramatattva Izvara-brahma kA vAcaka hai| gItA ke anusAra paramatattva brahma kA smaraNa tathA cintana UM, tat tathA sat ina trividha padoM se hI kiyA jA sakatA hai / isI kAraNa yahAM zrIkRSNa kahate haiM ki jo prANI brahmarUpa ekAkSara om kA vizuddha uccAraNa karatA huA svadeha kA parityAga karatA hai vaha niyama se paramagati, paramadhAma (mukti) ko dhAraNa karatA hai : omityekAkSaraM brahma vyAharanmAmanusmaran / / ya: prayAti tyajan dehaM sa yAti paramAM gatim // ni: saMdeha paramapadarupa om hI jagat meM zreSTha evaM zreyaskara hai| jainadarzana meM om jaina bhI sarvamAnya aMgIkRta mahAmantra, paMca namaskAramantra navakAra ko oMkAra svarUpa mAnate haiN| yaha aNimA-laghimAdi siddhiprada evaM aparAjita mahAn mantra hai - Namo arihantANaM Namo siddhANaM Namo AyariyANaM / Namo uvajkAyANAM Namo loe sabbasAhUNaM // yahAM tInoM lokoM, tInoM kAloM meM vidyamAna sampUrNa padArthoM ko eka sAtha prakAzana meM sAmarthya rupa mahimA se yukta arihanta kevalI bhagavAn pramukha hote haiM, yahI ananta guNoM se sampanna haiM, akhaNDa caitanyaguNayukta hone se ekAmAtra, nikhila vAGmaya ke nimittabhUta AdyakSara oMkArarUpa bhI vahI hai / Agama meM kahA bhI hai : 4. vAcaspatyam khaNDa 1, pR0 1558 5. akAraM brahmANaM ukAraM viSNu makAraM rUdram / yogasiddhAntacandrikA, pR0 26 6. OM tatsaditi nirdezo brahmaNastrividha smRtaH / gItA 7. vahI,8/13

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arahantA asarIrA AiriyA taha uvajjhAyA munninno| paDhamavaravaraNippaNo oMkAro paMca parameTThI / arthAt : arahantoM kA AdyakSara - - a : azarIrI siddhoM kA akSara - - a (a + a - A) (athavA Adya akSara zUnya 0 - a + 0 = a) : AcAryoM kA AdyakSara - - A (A + a vA A = A) : upAdhyAyoM kA AdyakSara - - u ( A + u - o) aura : maMgalakAraka sAdhuoM kA AdyakSara - - m ( o + m- om) ataeva arahanta hI sarvopari zreSTha hone se vahI oMkAra haiN| yahI sAdi ananta paMcAkSarAtmaka om jagat ke samasta prANiyoM ko sukhotpAdaka evaM zAMtipradAyaka hone se zaMkara hai, paramagati-sugati (mokSa) kAraka hone se sugata hai, paramaizvarya sampatraka hone se Izvara aura Atmabhinna padArthoM meM svAmitva-bhAvanAvirahita hone se vaha hI nirAkAra, niraMjana, AnaMdaghana brahma hai, jo samyaktvAdi guNota evaM karmASTaka vinirmukta anAdimUlamaMtra om aha~ parabrahma parameSThI kA vAcaka aura siddha samUha kA sundara bIjAkSara hai - ahamityakSaraM brahma vAcakaM parameSThinaH siddhacakrasya sadbIjaM sarvata: praNamAmyaham / karmASTaka-vinirmuktaM mokSalakSmI-niketanam ___samyaktvAdiguNopetaM siddhacakraM namAmyaham // prasAra karate haiN| yahAM prazna yaha uThatA hai ki itihAsa siddhAnta aura zraddhA ke sAtha apanA yaha ukta parabrahma paramatattva jainoM kI ekamAtra vizada evaM paramavizaddha AtmA- . paramAtmA se bhinna nahIM / yaha ananta sukha jJAna-darzana kI pratiSThA evaM zaraNa, pavitrAtmA parameSThI sAMkhyoM kI cittizakti hai aura vedAntiyoM kA yahI anirvacanIya nirguNa brahma bhI hai jo aindriya saMvedanA se pare hai, jisake Age saMsAra kA samasta bhautika sukha vyartha hai| yaha paramatattvajJAna zuddha kevalajJAna hai, kaivalya svarUpa hai| yahI asIma akhaNDa yathArthasatya hai, eka saccA prakAza hai, jise manoyoga se pAnA hai| jisa paramatattva kA sAkSAtkAra karate hI sAdhaka sampUrNa pApoM se chUTa kara svayaM brahmavit ho jAtA hai - 8. NANI siva parameTTha savvaNNU viNha cadumuho buddho / - bhAvapAhuDa, gAthA 149 9. appA vi ya paramappo / vahI

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paraM tattvamanudhyAyan yogI syAd brahmavitta / 10 _ aise jAjvalyamAna, lokottara, Anandamaya, agama, agocara, paramatatvajJAna, parameSThI arihanta paramAtmA kA sarvotkRSTa vizada evaM gambhIra sUkSma vizleSaNAtmaka pratipAdana meM hI jaina darzana kI mahanIyatA siddha hai| ____ DaoN. jagamahendra siMha rANA dvArA likhita prastuta zodha prabandha kA uddezya bhI uparyukta oMkAra svarUpa paramatattva parameSThI paramAtmA kA yathArtha vivecana karanA hai| yadyapi DaoN. rANA janmataH jaina nahIM haiM kintu susaMskAroM tathA jainasanta, muni evaM AcAryoM ke samparka meM bacapana se hI rahane ke kAraNa vaha pUrNataH jaina haiN| prazAnta mUrti santa muniyoM kI amRtatulya vANI se hI prabhAvita hokara DaoN0 rANA ne zikSA kI uccatama upAdhi pI-eca. DI. jaina-darzana meM dhAraNa karane kA praNidhAna kiyaa| yaha jaina santa, mahAn guruoM kA unheM adRSTa ArzIrvAda hI hai jisase ki DaoN. rANA ne samagra jaina vAGamaya kA pArAyaNa kara zramasAdhya sAra sArabhUtajJAnAnvita prakRta samAlocanAtmaka prabandha meM paramatattva paramAtmA arihanta, arihantatIrthakara, tIrthakara kA samavazaraNa, tIrthaMkara avatAra nahIM, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM sAdhu ina pAMca parameSThiyoM ke sampUrNa AcAra-vicAra evaM guNoM kA manojJa sarala evaM subodha zailI meM sundara pratipAdana kiyA hai, jo atyuttama bana par3A hai| mujhe atyadhika prasannatA hai ki mahAn yogIsanta, pravartaka paNDitaratna sva. pU. zrI zuklacandra jI ma0 kI janmazatI- utsava para yaha upAdeya grantha- jainadarzana meM paMcaparameSThI prakAzita ho rahA hai| pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki yaha racanA vidvAnoM evaM zodhArthI pAThakoM ko adhika pasanda aaegii| ___ DaoN. rANA jainadarzana meM yuvApIr3hI ke prabuddha adhikArI vidvAn haiN| ApakoM merA hArdika sAdhuvAda hai aura AzA hai bhaviSya meM bhI inake dvArA racita jainavAGmaya viSayaka anya katipaya racanAoM se surabhAratI kA akSara bhaNDAra vRddhiMgata hogA, om zAnti / -------------------- 10 . dra0 mahApurANa (AdipurANa) 21/236 DI0-115, vizvavidyAlaya parisara, : kurukSetra dinAMka : 24 akTUbara 1995 (DaoN0 dharmacandra jaina) prophesara evaM nidezaka, saMskRta evaM prAcya vidyA saMsthAna, kurukSetra vizvavidyAlaya, kurukSetra (hariyANA)

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prastAvanA bhAratIya saMskRti kA uccatama dhyeya mokSa rahA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki sAdhana kA parama lakSya mokSa hai- paramo se mokkho (dazavaikAlikasUtra 1/2) / maharSi kapila ne sAMkhyasUtra meM likhA hai ki-atha trividhaduHkhasyAtyantanivRttiratyantapuruSArtha: arthAt tInoM prakAra ke duHkhoM se AtyantikanivRtti hI paramapuruSArtha-mokSa hai| AcArya umAsvAti ne samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritra ko mokSa kA mArga (upAya) batalAyA haisamyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH tattvArthasUtra 1/1) kahane kA abhiprAya yahI hai ki jaba sAdhaka ke anta:karaNa meM dRr3havizvAsa jAgrati hotA hai taba usakA jJAna bhI paripakva aura vizuddha ho jAtA hai / cAritra vizuddhi hI vastutaH mokSa hai| __ mAnava jaba pramatta avasthA ko chor3akara apramatta avasthA kI ora bar3hatA hai saba usakA zraddhAna vizuddha ho jAtA hai phira vaha AtmA aura saMsAra ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM nizcayanaya kI dRSTi se vicAra karatA hai, usake phala svarUpa jo upalabdhi hotI hai, vahI samyak jJAna hai / labdhajJAna ko jJAnI jaba AcaraNa meM utAratA hai taba yaha hI samyakcaritra kahalAtA hai| inhI yathArtha zraddhAna-jJAnaM evaM AcaraNa vizuddha triveNI kA hI apara nAma mukti hai jinhoMne ise pA liyA aura jo isakI prApti ke lie nirantara tatpara haiM, unake prati akhaNDa vizvAsa, unake jJAna aura pAvana AcaraNa kA anukaraNa hI sAdhanAmantra ho jAtA hai| aisA hI sAdhanA mantra hai - paJca parameSThI mahAmantra NamokAra / jainadarzana meM isa mahAmantra kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| isake viSaya meM vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM likhA hai ki isa mantra kI ArAdhanA se isa loka meM artha, kAma, Arogya aura abhirati- sukha sAdhanoM kI prApti hotI hai tathA paraloka meM uttama kula svarga evaM siddhatva lAbha hotA hai iha loe atyakAmAM Arogya abhiraI ya nippatti / siddhoM ya sagga sukula pajjAI ya paraloe / isIlie jaina Agama granthoM meM aneka sthaloM para isakA mahattva pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai / jaina Agama granthoM meM bhagavatIsUtra pramukha mAnA jAtA hai, usake maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM isa mahAmantra kA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| AcArya jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ne paMcaparameSThI mahAmantra ko sarvasUtrAntargata mAnakara vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM likhA hai ki -

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XIV so savva sutakkhaM gabbhantarabhUto jato tato tassa AvAsayANuyogAdigahaNagahito aNuyomovi / / (gA09) mantra zabdarUpa hotA hai aura bhAratIya manISiyoM ne zabda ko brahma kahA hai| brahma virAT hai| dUsarI ora dhvani kI virATatA vijJAna sammata hai kAraNa ki dhvani sekinDoM meM lAkhoM mIloM kI dUrI taya karate hue brahmANu meM vyApta ho jAtI hai| mantrocAraNa karate samaya sAdhaka ke roma-roma se dhvani kI vidyuta dhArAeM cAroM ora phailane lagatI hai| jo viziSTasAdhaka sAdhanA ke rahasya sindhu kI gaharAiyoM taka pahuMca jAte haiM ve vibhinna AsanoM evaM vividha mudrAoM dvArA dhvani svarUpa zArIrika vidyuta dhArA ko isa prakAra niyaMtrita kara lete haiM ki jaise gahana andhakAra meM sahasA bijalI ke camakane se saba kucha pratyakSa ho jAtA hai vaise hI unake sAmane sArvabhauma satya apane samagrarUpa meM yugapat pragaTa ho jAtA hai| jaina paramparA meM isa samagra satya ke sAkSAtkAra ko kevalajJAna kahA jAtA hai| isa kevalajJAna aura paripUrNa satya kI upalabdhi ke mUla meM jo dhvanyAtmaka vidyutapravAha hai vahI usakA mUlamantra hai| isIlie prAcIna AcAryoM ne mantra zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai ki jisake manana karane se manana karane vAle kI rakSA ho athavA jina padoM ke japa karane se AtmA paramAtmArUpa AvirbhUta ho jAya vaha maMtra hai - mananAt trAyate yasmAt tasmAtmantra prakIrtitaH (mahArthamaJjarI, pR0 102) __ maMtroM meM kucha eka mantra laukika kAryoM kI siddhi ke lie hote haiM to kucha mantra lokottara pada pradAyaka hote haiM kintu paJca parameSThI NamokAramaMtra donoM hI prakAra ke kAryoM kA phalapradAna karane vAlA mahAmantra hai| DaoN0 nemIcandra jaina ne likhA hai ki yadyapi isa mantra kA yarthAtha lakSya nirvANa prApti hai tathApi yaha laukika dRSTi se samasta kAmanAoM ko pUrNa karatA hai| abhISTa siddhikAraka yaha mantra tIrthaGkaroM kI paramparA tathA guru paramparA se anAdikAla se calA A rahA hai - idaM arthamantraM paramArthatIyaparamparAguruparamparAprasiddhavizuddhopadezam isa prakAra yaha mahAmantra AtmA ke samAna anAdi evaM avinazvara hai / mahAmantra kI aitihAsikatA : mAnava svabhAva se jijJAsu rahA hai / mahAmantra kI prAcInatA aura usakI utpati ke viSaya meM vividha prazna usake mana meM uThate rahe hai| hajAroM varSoM ke anusandhAna se yahI jJAta huA hai ki yaha maMtra anAdi ananta hai| tIrthaGkara isI maMtra ke mAdhyama se dharma kA pracAra evaM 1. maGgalamantra NamokAra: eka anucintana, pR0 17,58 2. mahAmantra NamokAra: vaijJAnika vizleSaNa, pR0 43

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samAdhAna cAhatA hai| itihAsa tithiyoM aura ghaTanAoM kA kramaza: saMgraha hotA hai kintu itihAsa kA itihAsa mAnava paramparA aura vizvAsa meM hotA hai jisakA mUla prApta kara pAnA atyanta kaThina hI nahIM asambhava bhI hai|| phira bhI prApta itihAsa kyA hai? kisane isa mantra kI racanA kI hai? isakI racanA kaba huI haiM? yaha kahanA atikaThina hai| parantu prApta vAGmaya ke AdhAra para NamokAra mantra kI aitihAsikatA para vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| dvAdazAMga jinavANI kA aMga hone se yaha anAdi mantra mAnA jAtA hai| dvAdazAMga bANI ke TIkAkAroM meM AcArya puSpadanta, AcArya vIrasena, zivakoTi, vajrasvAmI, bhadrabAhu Adi kA nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / ' vartamAna kAla ke vidvAnoM meM yuvAcArya mahAprajJa AcArya rajanIza evaM DA. nemicandra jaina ne bhI isa mantra ko anAdi mAnA hai| paNDita ToDaramala ne akArAdi akSara samUha ko anAdi nidhana mAnA hai isalie kahA gayA hai ki - siddho varNasamAmnAya: / isakA ke prakAzaka pada, unake samUha kA nAma zruta hai, vaha bhI anAdi nidhana hai / DaoN. jagamahendra siMha rANA ne prakRta grantha jainadarzana meM paJca parameSThI meM paJca parameSThI mahAmantra kA prAmANika aura tarka pUrNa vizleSaNa kiyA hai / paJca parameSThI ke svarUpa kI vivecanA ke antargata DaoN rANA ne atyanta sAvadhAnI ke sAtha pratyeka pakSa ko spaSTa kiyA hai| parameSThI pada ke nirvacana meM DaoN rANA ne hindI evaM aMgrejI zabdakoza.abhidhAna kie haiN| DaoN0 rANA ne mahAmantra namaskAra ko anAdi nahIM mAnA hai| isa viSaya meM unhoMne jo tarka prastuta kie hai ve ucita pratIta hote haiM phira bhI tarka bar3A baharA aura tIvragAmI hotA hai| vaha rUkanA to jAnatA hI nahIM, parantu vizvAsa use sthiratA pradAna karatA hai / parameSThI ------ .........................----- 1. vistAra ke lie dekhie-mahAmantra namokAra: vaijJAnika anveSaNa, pR0 37 2. (ka) aiso paMca namokkAro-yuvAcAryamahAprajJa . (kha) mahAvIra vANI, pR0 33-le bhagavAna rajanIza (ga) maMgalamaMtra- namokAra - le. nemicandra jaina / 3. paM. ToDaramala / mokSamArga prakAzaka, pR0 10

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XVI kA svarUpa, vyAkhyA, usakI pada saMkhyA kA paurvAparya vizleSaNa Adi kA sayukti-yukta pratipAdana prakRta graMtha meM huA hai| prathamapada arahanta, jo ki mahAmantra kA prANI tattva hai, usake vivecana meM jainadarzana ke atirikta vaidika evaM bauddhasAhitya meM varNita arhat kA ullekha karake vidvAn lekhaka ne prakRtapada arihanta ko sarva vyApaka siddha kiyA hai| isake sAtha hI arhat pada kI prApti kA sAdhanAkrama karma siddhAnta kA pratipAdana bahuta sundara DhaMga se huA hai| jJAnamImAMsA prasaGga meM sampUrNa jJAna kevala jJAna, arihantatva, unakA sarvajJatva, arihanta aura tIrthaGkara, unakI sAdhanA, guNa vizleSaNa, samavazaraNa, upadeza evaM unakI bhakti ke phala meM sAdhaka ke saMsAroccheda kI siddhi kI gayI hai| siddha pada vivecana meM siddhatva kA svarUpa unakI zAzvattA, unakA paramAtmatva, siddhoM kI vividhatA Adi kI mImAMsA karake jaina matAnusAra siddhoM ke sukha, unakI avagAhanA aura sthiti kA varNana kara anta meM arihanta aura siddha ke bhedAbheda kA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai| parameSThI ke tRtIyapada-AcArya kI svarUpa vyAkhyA meM unakA gurutva tIrthaGkara aura AcArya kI tulanA, usake guNoM kA vizada varNana, AcArya ke vividharUpa, AcArya sampadA, AcArya ke karttavya,unakA vaiziSya tathA unameM bhakti kA mahattva pratipAdita huA hai| upAdhyAya parameSThI arthAt ve vikAsazIla sAdhaka, ve jo jAnate haiM, vaisA hI jIvana meM jIte haiM, aura usI ke anurUpa upadeza bhI dete haiN| prastuta grantha meM vijJa lekhaka ne upAdhyAya ke jJAna-darzana caritra evaM tapa kA vistAra se varNana karate hue usake dvArA hone vAlI dharmaprabhAvanA, usakI aneka upamAeM, kArya- paddhati aura bhakti kA suvyavasthita varNana kiyA hai| __bahuta vilakSaNa hai- paJca parameSThI mantra / isake pAMcave pada meM loka ke samasta sAdhuoM ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| pUrva ke sabhI cAra pada sAdhutva kA hI vikasita rUpa hai| jaina darzana meM vyakti aura veSa ko adhika mahattva nahIM diyA gayA apitu jinameM sAdhutva ke bhAva haiM vahI sAdhu hai / jo sAdhaka samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakacAritra rUpa mokSamArga kI sAdhanA karate haiM, vahI sAdhu hai| DaoN. jagamahendra rANA ne apane prakRta zodhapUrNa grantha jainadarzana meM paJca parameSThI meM sAdhutva kA svarUpa pratipAdita karate hue usakI yogyatA, usake guNoM, usake AcaraNa evaM sAdhutva ke upakaraNa tathA usakI bhakti ke phala para pramANa purassara prakAza DAlA hai| ___ isa prakAra prastuta grantha meM zrI rANA ne paJca parameSThI ke svarUpa pratipAdana meM sampUrNa jainadarzana kA sparza kiyA hai| isake sAtha vaidika tathA bauddha darzana kA jJAna bhI

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xvii tulanAtmaka rUpa meM huA hai jisase grantha kI upAdeyatA aura bhI adhika bar3ha gayI hai / DaoN. jagamahendra rANA ne paJca parameSThI kA jo vistRta evaM prAmANika vivecana grantha ke mAdhyama se kiyA hai vaha atyuttama evaM prazaMsanIya hai / unake isa zramasAdhya prayAsa ke lie unheM hArdika sAdhuvAda / yaha graMtha vidvAnoM ke lie to upayogI hai hI, jijJAsu bhakta sahRdayoM ke lie bhI utanA hI upayogI siddha hogA isalie yaha ni:saMkoca kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha samAja meM sasammAna par3hA jaavegaa| ___ eka bAta aura hai vaha yaha hai ki isa graMtha ke nirdezaka DaoN. dharmacandra jaina prophesara kurukSetra bhI bhakta hRdaya evaM sadgrahastha haiN| isakA prakAzana bhI eka mahAn santa paMjAba pravartaka, paNDita ratna pUjya zrI zuklacandra jI mahArAja ke zatAbdI samAroha varSa meM unhIM kI smRti meM kiyA jA rahA hai| isase bhI prastuta graMtha kI upayogitA aura bhI adhika bar3ha jAtI hai| maiM isake prakAzaka yuvA manISi muni zrI subhASa jI mahArAja kA bhI sAdhuvAda karatA hU~ aura prakRta upAdeya graMtha ke pracAra-prasAra kI maMgala kAmanA karatA huuN| DaoN0 suvratamuni zAstrI esa. esa. jaina sabhA bareTA maNDI mAnasA (paMjAba) mahAvIra nirvANa (dIvAlI) 23 akTUbara 1995

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prAkkathana puNyabhUmi bhAratavarSa meM samaya-samaya para aneka mahApuruSoM ne janma liyA hai| saMsAra meM jaba-jaba dharma kI hAni tathA adharma kA abhyudaya huA taba-taba kisI na kisI mahAn zakti athavA vyakti kA janma avazya huA hai| bhagavAna kRSNa ne jaise gItA meM kahA hai __ yadA yadA hi dharmasya glAnirbhavati bhaart| abhyutthAnamadharmasya tadAtmAnaM sRjAmyaham / / (gItA,47) samasta bhAratIya Astika darzana bhI aise hI sarvazakti sampanna, nirAkAra, zAzvata evaM sarvajJa Izvara meM aTUTa zraddhA vyakta karate haiM kintu zravaNa-saMskRti meM aisA nahIM milatA aura avatAravAda jaisA ki Astika darzanoM meM mAnyatA hai, ko bhI svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| jainoM ke yahAM vItarAgI, jJAnI, citizakti ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai| inake upAsya evaM ArAdhyadeva bhI samyak-sambuddha, kevalI evaM vItarAgI hote haiN| jainoM ke ye vItarAgI deva paramAtmA, paramajyoti svarUpa, jina kevalI arahanta tIrthakara, sarvajJa evaM parameSThI ananta catuSTaya-anantadarzana-jJAna, ananta vIrya evaM anantasukha se sampanna hote haiN| ye jina kevalI, arahanta tIrthakara janma se mati, zruta evaM avadhijJAna ke dhArI hote haiN| indra ina mahApuruSoM ke paMca kalyANaka mahotsava devatAoM sahita sollAsa manAtA aNimA, laghimA Adi aneka RddhiyoM se sampanna evaM namaskAra karate hue surendra aura asurendroM ke mukuToM meM lage hue kAntiyukta ratnoM kI prabhA se jinake caraNoM ke nAkhUna rUpI candra dedIpyamAna ho rahe haiM, jo pravacana rUpI vAridhi ko vRddhiMgata karane ke lie candramA ke samAna haiM, jo sadaiva apane svarUpa meM sthita rahate haiM tathA jinakA yogijana sadaiva dhyAna karate haiM aise arihanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM sarvasAdhu ye paMca parameSThI hI jagat meM maMgalakArI haiN| ye pAMcoM jinazAsana ke parama guru haiM, sakalasiddhi ko dene vAle evaM sampUrNa vinoM evaM pApoM ke vinAzaka haiN| aise nirmohI parameSThI sUkSma, nitya nirAmaya, amUrta aura prazAntacitta hote haiN| ye vItarAgI jinezvara ATha karmoM kA vinAza karane vAle, muktirUpI vadhU ke kAnta, tInoM lokoM kI pIr3A ko dUra karane vAle evaM saMsAra-sAgara ko sukhAne vAle haiN| ye vizva ke samasta tattvoM ke jJAtA, sarvazivasukhakartA, caitanyasvarUpa, dharmaprakAzaka, sthirapadapradAtA aise ve

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xix vItarAgI bhagavAn hote haiN| ve anArthoM ke nAtha aura AtmaguNoM ke bhaNDAra haiN| cidAnandasvarUpa, surAsura aura manuSyoM ke dvArA pUjita, azaraNoM ke zaraNa evaM nirAdhAroM ke AdhAra bhI vahI haiN| ___ aise ina nirvikArI, adhyAtmarasI, paramArAdhya paMca parameSThI kA svarUpa jaindarzana meM ekatra upalabdha nahIM hotaa| isI se inhIM ko adhyayana kA AdhAra banAyA gayA hai| prastuta zodha-prabandha kA zIrSaka hai "jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI" inhIM ke svarUpa viSaya-varNana ko adhyayana kI suvyavasthita yojanA ke lie chaha paricchedoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jAtA hai - prathama pariccheda meM viSaya-praveza svarUpa jainadharma ke mahAmantra-namaskAra mantra ke mahatva evaM unakI upayogitA para prakAza DAlate hue parameSThI pada kI niruktiparaka vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| tatpazcAt paMca parameSThiyoM kI upAdeyatA evaM mahattA tathA unakI saMkhyA nirdhAraNa aura unake paurvAparya para vistAra se cintana kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya pariccheda arihanta parameSThI meM bhAratIya vAGmaya meM arihanta, arihanta zabda kA nirvacana evaM usake paryAyavAcI zabdoM kI vyAkhyA AdhyAtmika vikAsa aura kaivalya arthAt arhatpada kI prApti para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| yahAM para arihanta ke sarvajJatva, arihanta evaM tIrthakara meM bheda, tIrthakara paramparA, tIrthakara pada kI prApti evaM usakI sAdhanabhUta solaha kAraNabhAvanAeM, bIsa sthAnaka tIrthakara kI mAtA ke svapna, tIrthaMkaroM ke paMca kalyANaka, tIrthakara kI aSTAdaza-doSarahitatA, tIrthakara ke chayAlIsa guNa, samavasaraNa, unakI divyadhvani tathA bhakti evaM usase prApta hone vAle phala para vistAra se adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| - tRtIya pariccheda siddha parameSThI meM siddha pada kI vyAkhyA, usake paryAyavAcI zabda, siddhagati, siddhoM ke mUlaguNa, siddhoM kA anupama sukha siddhoM kA nivAsa sthAna evaM vibhinna apekSAoM se siddhoM kI gaNanA aura prakAra para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| yahAM arihanta aura siddha meM bhedAbheda tathA inameM adhika pUjya kauna haiM ? ina sabhI pakSoM kA samyak nirUpaNa bhI kiyA gayA hai| caturtha pariccheda AcArya parameSThI se sambaddha hai / yadyapi paramparA se arihanta aura siddha guru haiM kintu pratyakSata: AcArya hI guru haiN| inhIM guru kI mahimA batalAte hue AcArya pada kI vyAkhyA evaM mahattava, AcArya ke paryAyavAcI zabda, AcArya ke guNa, unakI padapratiSThA va unake bhedoM para prakAza DAlate hue AcArya ke karttavya, unakI caturvidha viziSTha kriyAoM, pAMca atizeSoM tathA saMgraha-sthAnoM kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| ___paMcama pariccheda meM upAdhyAya parameSThI kI mahimA, upAdhyAya pada kI vyAkhyA, upAdhyAya pada ke lie nirdhArita yogyatAeM, upAdhyAya ke paccIsa guNa, upAdhyAya ke mukhya kArya evaM unakI solaha upamAoM se unake svarUpa kI vistAra se carcA kI gayI hai|

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XX antima chaThe pariccheda sAdhu parameSThI meM sAdhu kI zabdagata mahattA, usakI vyAkhyA, sAdhu ke lie prayukta viziSTa zabda, sAdhu kI pAtratA, dIkSAvidhi, sAdhu ke guNa, sAdhu kA AcAra-vyavahAra, upakaraNa evaM AhAra-vidhi Adi kA varNana karate hue unakI kliSTa tapasAdhanA kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isase atirikta sAdhu ke lie dI gayI ikkatIsa upamAoM kI carcA karate hue unakI ArAdhanA evaM usase prApta hone vAle pariNAma para -i vastRta adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra prastuta zodha-prabandha meM arihanta, siddha, AcArya upAdhyAya evaM sAdhu ina paMca parameSThiyoM ke svarUpa kI sAGgopAGga mahattA kA prakAza kiyA gayA hai| mere hadaya kI prasatratA zabdoM se pare hai kAraNa ki jainAcArya jyotiSamArtaNDa pUjya sohanalAla jI ma. ke suziSya bhArata kesarI yuvAcArya zrI kAzIrAma jI ma. ke parama AjJAkArI ziSya, Adhyatma rati, jaina saMskRti ke mahAn gaurava, kuzalamatravettA karmaThasAdhaka, janakalyANa bhAvanA se otaprota, vilakSaNatArkika, santamahimAnvita, sarasvatI ke amRtaputra aura nirabhimAnI paNDitaratna paMjAba pravartaka sva0, zrI muni zuklacanda jI ma. ke janma zatI mahotsava ke punItaparva para Aja merA yaha cirapratIkSita prabandha prakAza meM A rahA hai| isake lie maiM unake prati atyanta kRtajJa hUM | ApakI adRSTa anukampA aisI hI mere para sadaiva banI rahegI inhIM zabdoM ke sAtha maiM munizreSTha ke caraNakamaloM meM koTizaH praNAma karatA huA apane zraddhAsumana arpita karatA huuN| isI pAvana avasara para maiM terApantha ke vartamAna gaNAdhipati AcAryapravara tulasI jI ma. tathA mahAprajJa AcArya zrI muni nathamala jI ma. ko kaise bhUla sakatA hUM jinakA pratiphala prabandha lekhana meM samyak nirdezana, snehapUrNa maMgala AzISa tathA preraNA nirantara milatI rhii| Apa donoM AcAryoM ke kRpAbhAva ke prati apanI hArdika kRtajJatA jJApana karatA zravaNa saMgha ke mRdubhASI yuvAvidvAn DaoN. muni suvratazAstrI jI ma. kA bhI maiM ciraRNI hUM jinhoMne prastuta graMtha kI bhUmikA likhakara mujhe anugRhIta kiyA hai| suhRdaya vatsala munivara kI prakRta anukampA sadaiva smaraNa rhegii| ataeva ApakA dhanyavAda karatA __paramazraddheya zAsana prabhAvaka kaviratna vyAkhyAna vAcaspati zrIsurendra muni jI ma. ke suyogya ziSya santa ratna yuvAmanISI vidvAna ojasvI vaktA zrIsubhASamuni jI ma. kA tathA sAdhvI-ratnA parama viduSI DaoN. arcanA jI ma. kA kina zabdoM meM maiM AbhAra vyakta karUM kAraNa ki eka to Apa sAdhvI-santoM kA udAramanA antaraMga zubhArzIvAda mujhe upalabdha hai, dUsare, Apa santa ratnoM kI dUradarzI prabala preraNA evaM sahayoga kA pratiphala hai ki prastuta

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xxi prabandha prakAzita hokara Aja Apa sabhI mahAnubhavoM ke samakSa A rahA hai| etadartha meM Apa sAdhvI-santa-ratnadvaya kA hRdaya se atyanta AbhAra abhivyakta karatA hUM tathA dhanyavAda bhI karatA huuN| saMsAra meM Arthika sahayoga ke binA koI bhI kArya sambhava hI nahIM hai| prastuta graMtha prakAzana meM udArasahRdayI lAlA hamIracandra jI kA pUrNa Arthika sahayoga prApta huA hai, isake lie maiM unakA tathA unase sambaddha sabhI parijanoM ke prati apanI hArdika kRtajJatA pragaTa karatA hUM tathA Apa sabhI sajjanavRnda ke sukhI evaM samRddha tathA dIrghajIvana kI maMgakAmanA karatA huuN| udAracitta gurujanoM kI anukampA se maiM isa durgama kArya ko pUrNa karane meM samartha ho sakA hUM / etadartha, sarvaprathama meM paramazraddheya, saMskRta vibhAga ke variSTha prophesara DaoN0 mAna siMha kA vizeSa rUpa se AbhArI hUM, jisake ArzIvAda se maiM apane zodha-prabandha ko pUrNa kara sakA, ataH meM unakA dhanyavAde karatA huuN| __ zodha kArya meM rUcI utpanna karake prastuta viSaya ko sujhAne kA zreya paramAdaraNIya DaoN. dharmacandra jaina ko hai jo isa zodha kArya meM mere nirdezaka bhI haiN| jainadarzana ke kuzala vettA hone ke kAraNa unake nirdezaka meM mujhe zodha kArya meM samucita sujhAva evaM jAnakArI prApta hotI rahI aura viSaya Age bar3hatA rahA aura samRddha ho skaa| unhIM ke satata prayAsa, anurAgabhAva evaM amUlya samaya ke yogadAna se maiM isa kArya ko sampanna evaM samaya para prastuta karane meM saphala ho sakA hUM / ata: maiM unakA hRdaya se AbhArI hUM aura atyadhika dhanyavAdI kurukSetra vizvavidyAlaya ke pustakAlaya ke sAtha-sAtha dillI vizvavidyAlaya, vIra sevA mandira dariyAgaMja, dillI, jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI sabhA sisAya (hisAra) evaM vizeSa rUpa se varddhamAna granthAgAra, jaina vizvabhAratI lADanUM ke prati kRtajJatA vyakta karate hue mujhe hArdika prasannatA ho rahI hai jahAM se zodhaprabandha ke lekhana meM sabhI prakAra kI sAmagrI saMcaya karane meM sahayoga milaa| isa avasara para maiM apane pitA zrI hari siMha mAtA zrImatI bhagavAnI devI evaM bhAI-bahinoM ke prati bhI AbhAra pragaTa karatA hUM jinhoMne mujhe isa yogya bnaayaa| isa kArya meM yathocita yogadAna pradAna karane vAlI merI dharma patnI zrImatI vimalA rANA evaM anya sahayogI mitroM kA bhI maiM sasneha dhanyavAda karatA hUM / maiM jaina jagat ke samasta sAdhu-sAdhviyoM evaM anya vidvAnoM ke prati zraddhApUrNa AbhAra pragaTa karatA hUM jinase mujhe pratyakSa athavA apratyakSa rUpa se unakI kRtiyoM se isa zodha kArya ko sampanna karane meM sahAyatA milI haiN| zrI sureza caudharI nirmala pablikezanans (dillI) tathA unake sabhI sAthiyoM kA bhI maiM

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xxii dhanyavAda karatA hUM jinakI lagana evaM saujanya se graMtha prakAzana meM mahAna sahayoga milaa| anta meM maiM AzA karatA hUM ki yaha merI racanA vidvAnoM evaM zodha mahArthiyoM ko lAbhaprada siddha hogii| 24 akTUbara 1995 jagamahendrasiMha rANA

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zabda-saMketavivaraNa A0 ni0 Avazyakaniyukti Adi0 AdipurANa isi0 isibhAsiyAiM suttAI u0 . uttarAdhyayanasUtra u0 A0 TI0 uttarAdhyayanasUtra (AtmArAma TIkA) Rgveda saMhitA Rg0 kA0 kArikA ki0 kiraNa gacchAyAra0 gacchAgAra iNNayaM gA gAthA gA0 TI0 go0 jI0 jJAtA0 gAthA dIkA gommaTasAra-jIvakANDa jJAtAdharmakathAGagasUtra jJAnapIThapUjAJjali TippaNa TIkA jJAna0 pU0 Ti0 TI0 ta0 vR0 tala sA0 ta0 sU0 tiloya0 tattvArthavRtti tattvArthasAra tattvArthasUtra tiloyapaNNatI zavaikAlikasUtra dazAzrutaskandhasUtra daza0 dazA0

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xexiv dI0ni0 dIghanikAya dekhiye de0 dhamma0 dharmA0 dhammapada dharmAmRta (anagAra) niyamasAra niyama0 pauma0 paumacariyaM paramAtma0 paramAtmaprakAza pR0 :: bhaga0 bhaga0 A0 bhaga0 vR0 pa0 mUlA0 mUlA0 vR0 ratnaka0 vAyu0 pRSTha bhagavaI (bhagavatIsUtra) bhagavatI ArAdhanA bhagavatI sUtra vRttipatra mUlAcAra mUlAcAravRtti ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra vAyupurANa viSNupurANa vizeSAvazyakabhASya viSNusahasranAma visuddhimaggo vIra nirvANa samvat zloka saMyukta nikAya vi0pu0 vizeSa0 viSNu0 visudvi0 vI0ni0 saM0 :: zlo0 saM0ni0 sama0 ka0 samarAiccakahA

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viSayAnukramaNikA pRSTha saMkhyA zubhAzISa v-vii kuzala vyaktitva ke dhanI lAlA hamIracandra jI viii purovAk ix-xii prastAvanA xiit-xvii prAkathana xvili -xxii zabda saMketa vivaraNa xxiii-xxxiv prathama pariccheda :: viSaya-praveza :: 1-13 . jaina mahAmantraH namaskAra-mantra, parameSThI pada kI nirukti, parameSThI kI vyAkhyA, mahAmantra namaskAra anAdi nahIM, parameSThI eka athavA pAMca, paJca parameSThI, arahanta ke pratinidhi AcArya aura upAdhyAya, parameSThI kA svarUpa sAdhutva, paJca parameSThiyoM kA paurvAparya vicAra, siddha ke jJApaka arahanta, namaskAra-mahAmantra sAmpradAyika nahIM / dvitIya pariccheda :: arahanta parameSThI ::15-71 (ka) bhAratIya vAGmaya evaM arahanta : (1) triSaSTi mahApuruSa, (2) vaidika vAGmaya meM arhat, (3) laukika vAGmaya meM arhat-(ka) pUjya artha meM arhataH (kha) yogya athavA samartha artha meM arhat, (4) bauddha vAGmaya meM arhat-arhat zabda kA nirvacana, (5) jaina vAGmaya meM arhat-arhat zabda kI vyAkhyA -(1) arahanta, (2) araha, arahA evaM araho, (3) arihanta vA ariho, (4) aruha evaM aruhanta, (5) arthaant| (kha) AdhyAtmika vikAsa aura arhatpada : (1) mithyAdRSTi guNasthAna, (2) sAsAda guNasthAna, (3) samyag-mithyAdRSTi guNasthAna, (4) avirata samyag dRSTi guNasthAna,

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xxvi (5) viratAvirata guNasthAna, (6) pramatta sayata guNasthAna, (7) apramatta saMyata guNasthAna, (8) nivRttivAdara guNasthAna, (6) anivRttivAdara guNasthAna, (10) sUkSma sAmparAya guNasthAna, (11) upazAnta kaSAya guNasthAna, (12) kSINa kaSAya guNasthAna, (13) sayoga kevalI guNasthAna (14) ayoga kevalI guNasthAna (ga) karma tathA usake bheda : (a) ghAtiyA karma-jJAnAvaraNIya karma, darzanAvaraNIya karma, mohanIya karma, antarAya karma, (A) aghAtiyA karma-vedanIya karma, AyuSya karma, nAmakarma, gotrakarma (i) karmakSaya kA krama / (gha) kevalajJAna : (1) sampUrNajJAna : kevala jJAna, (2) samagrajJAnaH kevalajJAna, (3) kevalaH kevalajJAna, (4) apratipakSaH kevalajJAna / (Ga) arahantaH sarvajJa : (ca) arahanta : tIrthakara -(1) tIrthaMkara, (2) tIrthaMkara paramparA, (3) tIrthaMkara pada aura usakI prApti kI kAraNabhAvanAeM tathA bIsa sthAnaka, (4) tIrthaMkara kI mAtA ke svapna, (5) tIrthaMkaroM ke paMcakalyANaka, (6) aSTAdazadoSarahita tIrthaMkara / (cha) chayAlIsa guNasampanna tIrthaMkara : (a) ananta catuSTaya-anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantavIrya, anantasukha, (A) aSTamahAprAtihArya-azoka vRkSa, surapuSpavRSTi, divyadhvani, caMvara, siMhAsana, bhamaNDala, deva dundubhi, zveta Atapatra, (i) cauMtIsa atizaya (ja) tIrthaMkara kI divya dhvani : (a) divyadhvani ke paiMtIsa atizaya (A) divyadhvani kA samaya / (jha) tIrthaMkara kA samavasaraNaH (a) samavasaraNa kI saMracanA, (A) zrImaNDapa / (Ja) tIrthaMkara kA upadeza : (a) dharma ke mUla tattvoM meM abheda (A) mahAvratoM kI dezanA, (i) mokSamArga kA upadeza, (I) syAdvAda nirUpaNa, (u) jIvAjIva

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xxviinirUpaNa, (U) tIrthaMkara upadeza kA phala / (Ta) tIrthaMkara avatAra nahI : (a) tIrthaMkara eka sAmAnya jIva, (A) AdhyAtmika vikAsa se tIrthaMkara pd-praapti| (Tha) arahanta bhakti aura usakA phala tRtIya pariccheda :: siddha parameSThI 72-66 (ka) siddha pada kA nirvacana evaM vyAkhyA : (1) karmabandhamukta-siddha (2) bhavyAtmA-siddha, (3) anantacatuSTayI siddha, (4) nirUpama evaM zAzvata siddha, (5) aSTa mahAguNasampanna siddha, (6) lokAgrabhAgasthitasiddha, (7) trilokavandanIya siddha, (8) paramasukhI siddha, (6) paramavizuddhAtmAH siddha paramAtmA, (10) nirlipta paramAtmA siddha / / (kha) siddha ke paryAyavAcI zabda --(1) siddha, (2) buddha, (3) pAraMgata, (4) paramparAgata, (5) unmukta karmakavaca, (6) ajara, (7) amara, (8) asaMga / (ga) siddhagati kA svarUpa -- (1) ziva, (2) acala, (3) aruja, (4) ananta, (5) akSaya, (6) vyAbAdha (7) apunarAvRtti / (gha) siddhoM ke mUlaguNa - (1) anantajJAna, (2) anantadarzana, (3) anantasukha, (4) anantavIrya, (5) samyaktva, (6) avagAhanatva, (7) sa 6 ma tva , (8) agurulaghutva / (Ga) siddhoM ke AdiguNaH AdiguNa se abhiprAya va saMkhyA / (ca) siddhoM kI avagAhanA : avagAhanA se abhiprAya, . siddha-avagAhanA kA AkAra / (cha) siddhoM kA anupama sukhaH siddhoM kA sukha devendra evaM cakravartiyoM ke sukha se bar3hakara, parAdhInatA kA abhAva hI sukh| (ja) siddhoM kI sAdimuktatAH (a) eka jIva kI apekSA siddha-ananta, (A) samudAya kI apekSA

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xxviji siddha anaadi-annt| (jha) siddhoM kA nivAsa sthAnaH Urdhvagati ke kAraNa - (1) pUrva saMskAra, (2) karmasaMgarahita ho jAnA, (3) baMdha kA nAza ho jAnA, (4) Urdhvagamana kA svabhAva / (Ja) siddhazilAH (a) siddhazilA baikuNTha paramadhAma, (A)siddhakSetra kI sthiti| (Ta) vibhinna apekSAoM se siddhoM kI gaNanA : (1) puruSaliMgI jaina sAdhu meM siddha hone kI sarvAdhika yogyatA, manuSya gati meM hI mukti-lAbha, eka samaya meM siddha hone vAle jIvoM kI saMkhyA / (Tha) siddhoM ke prakAra : (1) tIrthaMsiddha, (2) atIrthasiddha, (3) tIrthaMkara siddha, (4) atIrthaMkara siddha, (5) svayaMbuddha siddha, (6) pratyekabuddha siddha, (7) buddhabodhita siddha, (E) strIliMga siddha, (6) puruSaliMga siddha, (10) napuMsakaliMga siddha, (11) svaliMga siddha, (12) anyaliMga siddha, (13) gRhiliMga siddha, (14) ekasiddha, (15) aneka siddha / (Da) siddha-bhaktiH (a) parama aizvarya-prApti evaM pApa-mukti, (A) ratnatraya kI prApti / (Dha) arahanta aura siddha meM bheda-abheda : (na (a) abhinnatva, (A) bhinntv| (Na) arahantoM ke pUjya siddhaH caturtha pariccheda :: AcArya parameSThI 100-145 (ka) gurUH AcArya bhAratIya saMskRti meM -tIrthaMkara tulya gurU, dharmapradIpa gurU, yathArtha dharmagurUH AcArya / (kha) AcArya pada kI vyutpattilabhya vyAkhyA-catudarzavidyApAragAmI AcArya, sAkSAt jinabimba AcArya, saMgrahAnugrahI AcArya, durdharSa evaM agAdhaguNa-sampanna AcArya, zUravIra evaM dharma prabhAvaka AcArya, kSamA sampanna AcArya, AcArya ke payAryavAcI zabda / (ga) AcArya ke chattIsa guNa-zvetAmbara paramparAH

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xxix (a) paMcendriyanigrahI AcArya, (A) brahamacarya kI navavidha guptiyoM ke dhAraka AcArya, (i) caturvidhakaSAyajayI AcArya, (I) paMcamahAvrata dhAraka AcArya, (u) paMcavidhAcAra pAlana samartha AcArya, (U) pAMca samiti aura trigupti-sampanna AcArya; digambara paramparA meM mAnya AcArya ke chattIsa guNaH(a) AcAraviSayaka ATha guNa, (A) AcArya ke sthitikalparUpa dasa guNa, (i) bAraha prakAra kA tapa, (u) SaDAvazyaka / (gha) AcArya pada pratiSThAH (Ga) dvividha AcAryaH (ka)- (1) pravrAjanAcArya, (2) upasthApanAcArya, (kha)- (1) uddezanAcArya, (2) vAcanAcArya / (ca) AcArya sampadA - aSTavidha -- (1) AcAra sampadA, (2) zrutasampadA, (3) zarIra sampadA, (4) vacana sampadA, (5) vAcanA sampadA, (6) mati sampadA, (7) prayoga sampadA, (8) saMgraha parijJA sampadA (cha) AcArya ke kartavya - (1) sUtrArtha sthirIkaraNa, (2) vinaya kA vyavahAra, (3) gurupUjA, (4) zaikSa bahumAna, (5) dAnapratizraddhA-vRddhi, (6) buddhibalavarddhana / (ja) AcArya kI caturvidha viziSTa kiyAeM - (1) sAraNA, (2) vAraNA, (3) coyaNA, (4) paDicoyaNA / (jha) AcArya tathA upAdhyAya ke pAMca atizeSa () AcArya tathA upAdhyAya ke saMgrahasthAna (Ta) AcArya tathA upAdhyAya kA gaNa se apakramaNa (Tha) AcArya-bhakti paMcama pariccheda : upAdhyAya parameSThI 146.187 (ka) upAdhyAya kI garimA -- prakRSTajJAnI, buddhibala sampanna, zrutaguru (kha) upAdhyAya pada kI vyutpattilabhya vyAkhyA

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xxx (ga) upAdhyAya pada ke lie arhatA (gha) upAdhyAya ke paccIsa guNa --- prathama paddhati - ) (1) dvAdazAMga ke jJAtA upAdhyAya, (2) karaNasaptati ke dhAraka upAdhyAya - (ka) cAra prakAra kI piNDavizuddhi, (kha) bAraha prakAra kI bhAvanA, (ga) bAraha bhikSu pratimAeM, (gha) paccIsa prakAra kI pratile khAnA, (Ga) cAra prakAra kA abhigraha; (3) caraNasaptati ke dhAraka upAdhyAya (ka) dazavidha zramaNadharma, (kha) sataraha prakAra kA saMyama, (ga) daza prakAra kA vaiyAvRtya, (gha) ratnatraya ke dhAraka (a) samyagdarzana (A) samyagjJAna (3) samyak caritra; (Ga) bAraha prakAra ke tapa ke dhAraka- (a) bAhya tapa ke chaha bheda (1) anazana tapa, (2) anodarI tapa, (3) vRttiparisaMkhyAna tapa, (4) rasaparityAga tapa, (5) viviktazayyAsana, kAyakleza, (A) Abhyantaratapa ke chaha bheda - (1) prAyazcita tapa, (2) vinaya tapa, (3) vaiyAvRtya tapa, (4) svAdhyAya tapa, (5) vyutsarga tapa, (6) dhyAna tapa, (4) prabhAvanA sampanna upA yAya - (1) pravacana prabhAvanA, (2) dharmakathA prabhAvanA, (3) vAda prabhAvanA, (4) trikAlajJa prabhAvanA, (5) tapa prabhAvanA, (6) vrata prabhAvanA, (7) vidyA prabhAvanA, (8) kavitva prabhAvanA; (5) mana, vacana kAya kA samAharaNa, prakArAntara se upAdhyAya ke paccIsa guNa / (Ga) upAdhyAya kI solaha upamAeM - (1) zaMkhopama, (2) kAmboja azvopama, (3) cAraNadi-virUdAvalItulya, (4) vRddhahastIsama, (5) tIkSNazRMgayukta dhaureya vRSabhasama, (6) tIkSNadAr3hayukta kesarIsiMhasama, (7) zaMkhacakragadAyukta vAsude vasama, (8) cAturanta cakravartI sama, (6) sahasranetra-devAdhipati zakrendrasama, (10) udIya mAna sUryasama, (11) pUrNimAcandropama, (12) dhAnyakoSThAgArasama, (13) jambUsudarzanavRkSasama, (14) sItAnadItulya, (15) sumerUparvatasama, (16) svayambhUramaNasamudrasama / (ca) upAdhyAya kA kArya (cha) upAdhyAya - bhakti

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SaSTha pariccheda :: sAdhu parameSThI :: 188-246 (ka) sAdhu zabda kA nirvacana evaM vyAkhyA . yathArtha sAdhakaH sAdhu, samatAvAnH sAdhu, nirmohIH sAdhu, svavAlambIH sAdhu, nirgranthIH sAdhu, namaskaraNIyaH sAdhu, bhikSuH sAdhu / (kha) sAdhu ke lie prayukta viziSTa zabda - (1) mAhana, (2) zramaNa, (3) bhikSu, (4) nirgrantha (ga) sAdhu kI pAtratAH (a) sAdhu dIkSA meM kula, jAti evaM kSetra kI viziSTatA, (A) sAdhu-jinamudrA ke yogya trividha varNa / (gha) sAdhutva kA dhAraNa kisa lie? (ka) dIkSA gRhastha Azrama se palAyana nahI, (kha) sAdhu kA dhyeya eka mAtra muktilAbha, (ga) dIkSA grahaNa- (a) mAtA-pitA kI anumati (ba) parivAra evaM sAMsArika viSaya-bhogoM kA tyAga, (sa) dIkSAguru, (da) dIkSAvidhi / (Ga) sAdhu ke sattAIsa guNa : zvetAmbara paramparA - paMca mahAvrata pAlana, paMcendriya nigraha, caturvidha kaSAya viveka, bhAvasatya, karaNasatya, yogasatya, kSamA, vairAgya, manaHsamAharaNa, vacana samAharaNa, kAya samAharaNa, ratnatrayasampannatA, vedanA adhisahana, maraNAntika adhisahana; digambara paramparA meM aTThaIsa guNa - pAMca mahAvrata, pAMca samiti, paMcendriya nirodha, SaDAvazyaka, kezaloMca, Acelakya, kSitizayana, adantadhAvana, sthitibhoja, asnAna, ekabhakta / (ca) sAdhu kA AcAra : (1) sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra - (ka) sAmAcArI, (kha) sAdhu kI dainika evaM rAtrika caryA, (ga) bAhya upakaraNa yA upadhi : (a) sAmAnya upakaraNa - rajoharaNa, pAtra, vastra, caulapaTaka Asana, sadoraka-mukhavastrikA, pramArjikA, pAtroM ke aMcala, bhikSAdhAnI, mANDalakavastra, rajoharaNa, daNDAvaraka vastra, tANDulAdika jala ko chAnane kA vastra; (A) vizeSa upakaraNa - (1) pITha, (2) phalaka, (3) saMstAraka, (4) zayyA; (i) digambara sAdhu ke upakaraNa, (u) vistRta yA

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xxii patita upakaraNa kA vidhAna, (gha) vasati yA upAzraya - upAzraya kaisA ho? (1) aramaNIya upAzraya, (2) asakIrNa upAzraya, (3) jIvotpati sabhAvanArahita, (4) alipta upAzraya, (5) ekAntasthala, (6) parakRta sthala; (Ga) sAdhu kA AhAra - (a) sAdhu ko AhAra grahaNa karane ke chaha kAraNa (1) kSudhA-vedanA kI zAnti ke lie, (2) guru sevArtha, (3) IryAsamiti ke pAlanArtha, (4) saMyama pAlanArtha, (5) jIvana rakSArtha, (6) dharma cintanArtha; (a) sAdhu ko AhAra na grahaNa karane ke chaha kAraNa (1) bhayaMkara roga ho jAne para. (2) Akasmika saMkaTa ke A jAne para, (3) brahmacaryavrata rakSArtha, (4) jIva rakSArtha, (5) tapa karane ke lie, (6) samatApUrvaka jIvana tyAgArtha; (i) sAdhu kA eSaNIya AhAra (1) bahugRhagrahIta bhojana, (2) parakRta bhojana, (3) avaziSTa bhojana, (4) akrIta bhojana, (5) aniyantrita bhojana, (6) nIrasa tathA parimita bhojana; (u) bhikSAcaryA-bhikSA ke lie kaba jAe? kaise cale? kaisI bhikSA grAhya hai? AhAra kaise karanA cAhie? sAdhu kA bhojana parimANa, sAdhu kA bhojana samaya, (a) baiThane kI vidhi, (ba) khar3A rahane kI vidhi, (sa) vAka-zuddhi; (2) vizeSa sAdhvAcAraH (a) parISahajaya, (A) sallekhanA-(1) sallekhanA Atmahanana nahIM, (2) sallekhanA ke bheda (ka) bhakta pratyAkhyAna, (kha) iMginImaraNa, (ga) pAdopagamana, (3) sallekhanA kI avadhi, (4) sallekhanA kI vidhi, (5) sallekhanA ke aticAra (ka) jIvitAzaMsA, (kha) maraNAzaMsA, (ga) bhaya, (gha) mitrasmRti, (Ga) nidAna; pAMca azubha bhAvanAeM, (ka) kandarpabhAvanA, (kha) abhiyoga bhAvanA, (ga) kilviSikI bhAvanA, (gha) mohabhAvanA, (Ga) AsurI bhAvanA; (6) sallekhanA kA phl| (cha) sAdhu kI 31 upamAeM - (1) kAMsya pAtra, 2-zaMkha, 3-kacchapa, 4-svarNa, (5) kamalapatra, (6) candra, (7) sUrya, (8) sumeru, (6) sAgara, (10) pRthvI, (11) bhasmAcchanna agni, (12) ghRtasikta agni, (13) gozIrSacandana, (14) jalAzaya, (15) darpaNa, (16) gandha hastI, (17) vRSabha, (18) siMha, (16) zAradajala, (20) bhAraNDa pakSI, (21) geMDA, (22) sthANu, (23) zUnyagRha, (24) dIpaka, (25) kSuradhArA, (26) sarpa, (27) pakSI,

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xxxiji (28) AkAza, (26) pannaga, (30) vAyu (31) jIva gati / (Ja) sAdhu - prazaMsA evaM usakI pUjA kA phala upasaMhAra :: 250-252 sahAyaka grantha sUcI :: 253-265

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.. . . . . . .. .. .. . . . . .. magala smaraNa . - - - arihanto bhagavanta indra-mahitAH siddhAzca siddhi-sthitAH AcAryA jinazAsanonnatikarAH, pUjyA upAdhyAyakAH / / zrIsiddhAnta-supAThakA munivarAH, ratna- trayArAdhakAH / paMcaite parameSThinaH pratidinaM, kurvantu no maMgalam / / - amRta kalaza, pR067

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prathama pariccheda viSaya-praveza vaidika RcAoM meM Agata katipaya arhat, vRSabha, kezI evaM vAtarazanA Adi zabdoM kA ullekha, mohanajodar3oM tathA har3appA ke utkhanana meM prApta vairAgya-bhAvapUrNa mUrtiyAM tathA zrImadbhAgavata meM upalabdha nAbhinandana RSabha ke katipaya sandarbha jainadharma kI prAcInatA evaM usakIakSaya garimA siddha karate haiN| niHsandeha karor3oM-karor3oM varSa pUrva utpanna antima kulakara nAbhirAja ke putra aura jinake prathama cakravartI putra bharata ke nAma para isa Arya khaNDa kA nAma bhArata par3A, aise jagat ke lie ArAdhya evaM pUjya tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha jaina dharma ke Adya dharmapravartaka haiM / itanA hI nahIM, ina tIrthaMkara AdinAtha RSabhanAtha ke pazcAt ajita, sambhava, abhinandana,zAMti kunthu evaM pArzvanAtha Adi mahAvIraparyanta aura anya teIsa tIrthaMkara hue haiM jinhoMne isa vasundharA ko apanIamRtavAjala kI varSA seMdharmavRkSako sadaiva siJcita, puSpita evaM vikasita kiyA hai | Aja hama antima caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmatIrtha meM vicaraNa kara rahe haiN| Namo arahatANaM, Namo siddhANaM, Namo AyariyANaM / Namo uvajjhAyANaM, Namo loe savvasAhUNaM / / yaha namaskAra-mantra paramamantra,parama-rahasya, sarvazreSTha tattva,zuddhavizuddha evaM sarvotkRSTa jJAna tathA svAdhyAya karane yogya uttama mantra vizeSa hai - aiso paramo maMto, paramarahassaM paraMparaM tattaM / nANaM paramaM neyaM, suddhaM jhANaM paraM jheyaM / / ' isI se isa namaskAra mahAmantra meM jainoM kI aparimita zraddhA hai / yaha jainadarzana meM anAdi mUlamantra ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai oM hIM anAdi mUlamantrebhyo namaH / ve isameM hI nihita ArAdhya deva vizadAtmA, parameSThI, tIrthaMkaroM kI pratikSaNa bhakti-bhAvapUrNa arcA evaM pUjA karate hue apane jIvana ko dhanya mAnate haiM / 1. maMgalamantra NamokAraH eka anucintana, pR0257 para uddhRta

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jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI yaha namaskAra mahAmantra jIvamAtra kA kalyANa karane vAlA tathA siddhi pradAtA hai / isake dhyAna mAtra karane se hI sattva saba pApoM se chUTa jAtA haidhyAyetpaJca namaskAraM sarvapApaiH pramucyate / sattva jisa kisI bhI avasthA meM kyoM na ho, cAhe vaha pavitra ho athavA apavitra, isa mahAmantra ke smaraNa karate hI vaha bAhya aura Abhyantara donoM hI ora se pavitra ho jAtA hai / yaha aparAjita mahAmantra hai, sampUrNa vidhnoM kA vinAzaka, pApoM kA praNAzaka tathA saba maMgaloM meM prathama maMgala hai / 'aham' ye akSara parabrahma parameSThI ke vAcaka haiM aura siddhasamUha ke sundara bIjAkSararUpa haiN| maiM unheM saba prakAra se namaskAra karatA hUM, jo aSTakarmo se mukta karane vAlA, mokSalakSmI kA niketana, samyaktva Adi guNoM se yukta, vidhna-samUha aura bhUta-pizAca tathA pannagaarthAt sarpa Adi ke viSa ko naSTa karane vAlA hai-- apavitraH pavitro vA sarvAvasthAM gato'pi vaa| yaH smaretparamAtmAnaM sa bAhyAbhyantare shuciH|| aparAjitamantro 5 yaM srvvighnvinaashnH| maGgaleSu ca sarveSu prathamaM maGgalaM mtH|| aiso paMca NamoyAro svvpaavppnnaasnno| maMgalANaM ca savvesiM paDhamaM hoi maMgalaM / / arhamityakSaraM brahmavAcakaM prmesstthinH| siddhacakrasya sadbIjaM sarvataH prnnmaamyhm|| karmASTaka-vinirmuiktaM moksslkssmiiniketnm| samyaktvAdi-guNopetaM siddhckrnmaamyhm|| vighnaughAH pralayaM yAnti shaakinii-bhuut-pnngaaH| viSaM nirviSatAM yAti stUyamAne jinezvare / / ' aise hI mahAmantra kI mahattA kA Akalana karate hue AcArya jinase kahate haiM ki jo yogirAja isa mantra kA dhyAna karate haiM, ve brahmatattva ko jAna lete haiM / ataH yaha paJcabrahmamaya mantra hai| paJcabrahmamayairmantraiHsakalIkRtya niSkalam / paraM tattvamanudhyAyan yogI syAd brahmavit / / isajagat ke koTi-koTi sattvoM ne isa sArvabhauma, trikAlavit mahAmantra kA jApa kara apanI lakSyasiddhi kI hai !bhavya jIva isa mantra ke prabhAva se dazoM dizAoM ko prakAzita karatA huA niyama se muktilAbha karatA hai / yaha namaskAramantra amoghazastra evaM kavaca hai, parakoTe kI rakSA ke lie khAI hai 1. "jJAna0 pU0, nitya-pUjA, zlo02-7 2. mahApurANa, 21. 236

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viSaya-praveza aura uccakoTi kA rakSaka, bhavana, jyoti, bindu evaM tArA hai / jo isa mantra kA sahaja bhAva se bhI uccAraNamAtra kara letA hai, usa sattva ko agama agocara vastu kI upalabdhi ho jAtI hai / isI adRSTa se vaha sattva usameM akSaya zraddhA rakhatA huA sadaiva apanA abhyudaya karatA hai / isa taraha jisa kisI ne bhI isa mantra ko jisa kisI bhI rUpa meM dekhA, samajhA athavA apanAyA use usI rUpa meM usa-usa lakSya kI prApti huI hai / isI se ise mantroM kA mantra mahAmantra batalAyA gayA hai | uparyukta maMgala mahAmantra meM- arahanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM sAdhu ina pAMca parameSThiyoM ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai / yahAM yaha parameSThI pada dhyAna dene yogya hai| parameSThI pada kI nirukti : __ 'parameSThI' isa pada meM parama+iSThin aise ya do pada haiM / vidvAnoM ne parameSThI zabda kA artha 'brahya-ziva-viSNu kI upAdhi tathA AdhyAtmika guru' kiyA hai| parameSThI kA eka sarala artha yaha bhI nilakatA hai ki 'jo zreSTha athavA sarvocca sthAna meM vidyamAna ho ' vaha parameSThI hai |jain prAcIna koza abhiTa narAjendra meM parameSThI kA artha 'brahya' kiyA hai aura brahma kA artha AtmA bhI kiyA jAtA hai| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki parame brahmaNi Atmani tiSThati ramate vA iti parameSThI arthAt jo parama brahya athavA AtmA meM sthira rahatA hai, ramaNa karatA hai vaha parameSThI hai| ye parameSThI pavitrAtmA, paramAtmA, paramagati, sukha evaM jJAna kI pratiSThA evaM zaraNa, Ananda rUpa hiMsA Adi kA manthana karane se prazAntacitta aura pada-pada para sthita hone se hI parameSThI kahe jAte haiM / inhIM parameSThI ko sarvadarzI, vimuktAtmA, sarvajJa, amRtAMza evaM sarvatomukha Adi nAmoM se pukArA gayA hai| viSNusahasranAma meM viSNu ko parameSThI batalAyA gayA 1. de0-(ApTe) saMskRta-hindI koza, pR0 577 2. (moniyara viliyama), saMskRta--igaMliza DikzanarI, pR0 588 3. abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, bhAga-5, pR0542 4. pUtAtmA paramAtmA muktAnAM paramA gatiH / viSNu0, zloka0 15 5. pratiSThA ca sukhaM jJAnaM bhavet zaraNamityataH / paramAnandarUpatvAt zarma hiMsAdimanthanAt / / vahI, niruktikArikAvali, 70 6. pade pade sthitatvAcca parameSThI prakIrtitaH / vahI, 314 7. sarvadarzI vimuktAtmA sarvajJo jJAnamuttamam / viSNu0 zlo061 8. amRtAMzo'mRtavapuH sarvajJaH sarvatomukhaH / vahI, zlo. 100

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jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI hai / kintu jaina vItarAgI ko hI parameSThI mAnate haiM / katipaya jainAcAryoM ne hajAra nAmoM (sahasranAma) se ina parameSThiyoM kI stuti kI hai jinameM jinasena hemacandra 3, bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti aura paM0 AzAdhara 5 pramukha haiN| parameSThI kI vyAkhyA : __ paM0 AzAdhara parameSThI zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahate haiM ki jo indra, dharaNendra, narendra,gaNendra Adi ke dvArA vandanIya, parama utkRSTa sthAna para virAjamAna haiM, ve parameSThI haiM- parame utkRSTe indra-dharaNendra-narendra gaNendrAdivandite pade tiSThatIti parameSThI / AcArya kundakunda kI dRSTi meM parameSThI vaha hai 'jomalarahita,anindriya, kevalajJAnI, vizuddhAtmA, paramajina aura zivaGkara hai-- malarahio kalacatto aNiMdio kevalo visuddhappA / parameTThI paramajiNo sivaDkaro sAsao siddho / / " yahAM malarahita kA tAtparya hai-aThAraha dorSo se rahita honA / parameSThI kA sabase bar3A guNa hI yaha hai ki usameM aThAraha doSoM kA abhAva hotA hai / isI ko AcArya samantabhadra ne 'pradoSabhuk' aura AcArya pUjyapAda ne 'nirmala: kevalaH zuddhaH' kahakara abhivyakta kiyA hai / sAtha hI sAtha AcArya pUjyapAda parameSThI ko prabhu svayaMbhu avyaya Adi zabdoM se bhI sambodhita karate haiM -- nirmalaH kevalaH zuddho viviktaH prabhuravyayaH / parameSThI paramAtmeti paramAtmezvaro jinaH / / isa taraha jaina paramparA meM parameSThI kA sarvopari mahatva hai / ve hI sabhI ko parama AdaraNIya evaM upAsanIya haiN|aacaarykundkund likhate haiM ki paJcamarameSThI lokottama haiM, vIra haiM, nara, sura tathA vidyAdharoM se pUjya haiM / saMsAra ke duHkhAmibhUta 1. RtuH sudarzanaH kAlaH parameSThI parigrahaH / viSNu0 zlo058 2. de0-jinasahasranAma, pR046-50 3. vahI, pR053-56 4. vahIM, pR050-53 5. vahI, pR042-46 vahI, 2.23 svopajJavRtti 7. mokSapAhuDa, gA06 8. kSutpipAsA-jarAtaMka-janmA'ntaka-bhaya-smayAH / na rAga-dveSa-mohAzca yasyAptaH saH prakIrtyate pradoSabhuk / / samIcIna dharmazAstra, 1.6 6. samAdhitantra,6

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viSaya-praveza prANiyoM ke lie ve hI ekamAtra zaraNa haiM | unakA svabhAva maMgala rUpa hai, inakI bhakti karane vAlA jIva aSTakarmoM ko naSTa karake saMsAracakra se chUTa jAtA hai tathA use atula sukha evaM sammAna kI prApti hotI hai-- jhAyahipaMcavigurave maMgalacausaraNaloyapariyarie / Narasurakheyaramahie ArAhaNaNAyage vIre / / ' svAmI samantamadra batalAte haiM ki paJcaparameSThI kIbhaktiresamyagdarzana kI upalabdhihotI hai aura isIsemokSa kI prAptibhI hotI hai / AcArya vidyAnandi kA bhI yahI abhimata hai ki parameSThI ke prasAda se mokSalAbha hotA hai / AcArya zivArya kahate haiM ki jo puruSa paMcaparameSThI kIbhakti nahIM karatA usakA saMyama dhAraNa karanA Usara kheta meM bIja bone ke samAna nirarthaka hai / paMcaparameSThI kI bhakti ke binA yadi koI apanI ArAdhanA karanA bhI cAhatA hai taba bhI vaha vaisA hI hai jaise ki bIja ke binA dhAnya kI aura bAdala ke binA jala kI icchA krnaa| Age inhoMne glAnirahita bhAva se paMcaparameSThI kI bhakti ke lie prerita karate hue kahA hai ki 'saMsAra ke bhaya se utpanna hue mithyAtva, mAyA aura nidAna zalyoM se rahita tathA sumeru kI bhAMti nizcala jina bhakti jisakI hai, use saMsAra kAbhaya nahIM haiM / ataH saMsArI jIva ko eka mAtra jinabhaktihIdurgati se bacAne meM,puNyakarmoM ko pUrNa karane meM aura mokSaparyanta sukhoM ko dene meM samartha hai| aise hI bhakta ko vidyA bhI siddha aura saphala hotI hai| jo arahanta Adi meM bhakti nahIM karatA usako mokSabIja rUpa ratnatraya-samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyak cAritra kI upalabdhibhI nahIM hotii| Apta-parameSThI-zAstA - svAmI samantabhadra kI dRSTi meM parameSThI hI Apta haiM aura sarvajJAtA bhI vahI haiM kyoMki Apta nizcaya se vahIho sakatA hai jisake samastadoSa ucchinna ho gae haiM aura samasta viSayoM meM jise pUrNataH parisphuTa parijJAna prApta hai tathA 1. bhAvapAhuDa, gA0, 122 2. samyagdarzanazuddhaH saMsAra-sarIra-bhoga-nirviNNaH / paMcaguru-caraNa-zaraNo darzanikastattvapathagRhyaH / / samIcInadharmazAstra, 7.12 3. zreyomArgasya saMsiddhiH prasAdAtparameSThinaH / AptaparIkSA, gA02 4. tesiM ArAdhaNaNAyagANa Na karijja jo Naro bhatti / 'dhattiM pi saMjamaM to sAli' so Usare vavadi / / vIeNa viNA sassaM, icchadi so vAsamabhaeNa viNA / ArAdhaNamicchaMto, ArAdhaNabhattimakaraMto / / bhaga0 A0, gA0748-46 5. de0-vahI, gA0743-47

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jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI jo bhavya jIvoM ko heya-upAdeya tattvajJAna hetubhUta Agama granthoM kA praNayana (racanA) karate haiM -- AptenotsinnadoSeNa sarvajJenAgamezinA / bhavitavyaM niyogena nAnyathA hyAptatA bhavet / / ' Age bhI kahA gayA hai ki yahI Apta parameSThI, paMrajyoti, virAga, vimala, kRtI, sarvajJa, anAdimadhyAnta, sArva aura zAstA rUpa se pratipAdita hote haiM--- parameSThI paramajyotirvirAgo vimalaH kRtI / sarvajJo'nAdimadhyAntaH sArvaH zAstopalAlyate / / 2 isakA abhiprAya hai ki jo bhavya sattva indrAdi ke dvArA vandanIya parama pada meM sthita hai vahI parameSThI hai aura jo AvaraNarahita kevalajJAna se saMyukta hai, vaha paraMjyoti kahalAtA hai |inke rAgarUpabhAvakarma ke naSTa ho jAne se inheM hI virAga aura yahI mUlottara prakRtirUpa dravyakarpa ke naSTa ho jAne se vimala, samasta heya tathA upAdeya tattvoM ke viSaya meM viveka sampanna hone se kRtI, samasta padArthoM ke sAkSAtkArI hone se sarvajJa aura pUrvokta svarUpa prApta pravAha kI apekSA Adi, madhya aura anta se zUnya hone se anAdimadhyAnta, ihaloka aura paraloka ke upakAraka mArgadarzaka hone se hitaiSI (sAva) aura pUrvApara virodha AdidoSoM ke parihAra se samasta padArtho ke yathAvat svarUpa kA upadeza dene vAle hone se vahI Apta parameSThI zAstA kahe jAte haiM / loka meM jisa prakAra dina ke bAda rAta aura phira rAta ke bAda dina kA prAdurbhAva niyama se hotA hai, usI prakAra sukha ke bAda duHkha aura phira duHkha ke bAda sukha bhI niyama se cakra ke samAna hotA hI rahatA hai kintu yaha laukika 1. ratnaka0 1.5,6 2. ratnaka0 1.7 3. parame indrAdInAM vandye pade tiSThatIti 'parameSThI' / paraM nirAvaraNaM paramAtizayaprApta jyotirjJAnaM yasyAsau 'paramajyotiH' / virAgaH' vigato rAgo bhAvakarma yasya / 'vimalo' vinaSTo malo dravyarUpo mUlottarakarmapakRtiprapaMco yasya / kRtI niHzeSaheyopAdeyatattve vivekasampannaH / sarvajJo' ythaavnnikhilaarthsaakssaatkaarii|'anaadimdhyaantHuktsvruuppraaptp pravAhApekSayAAdimadhyAntazUnyaH / sArvaH' ihaparalokopakArakamArgapradarzaka -tvena sarvebhyo hitaH / zAstA pUrvAparavirodhAdidoSaparihAreNAkhilArthAnAM yathAvatsvarUpopadezakaH / vahI, 1.7 TIkA sukhasyAnantaraM duHkhaM duHkhakasyAnantaraM sukham / dvayametaddhi jantUnAmalaMdhyaM dina-rAtrivat / / AtmAnuzAsana, prastAvanA, pR0 36 para uddhRta

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viSaya-praveza sukha viSaya janita sukha se bhinna nahIM hai | viSaya tRSNArUpa agni kI jvAlA haiM jo sattva ko nirantara jalA rahe haiM, inakI zAnti abhISTa indriya viSayoM kI Ahuti se asambhava hai / isase to unakI uttarottara vRddhi hI hotI hai kAraNa ki jaise-jaiseyeviSayabhoga upalabdhahoterahate haiM vaise-vaisehI prAkkRta-tadviSayaka icchA bhI ghI kI AhutiyoM se agni ke samAna uttarotara bar3hatI jAtI haiN| icchita viSaya kiJcit kAla kevala zarIra ke santApa ko to dUra kara sakate haiM kintu ve una tRSNA jvAlAoM ko kabhI zAnta nahIM kara sakate haiN| isI kAraNa Apta parameSThI jinendra usa viSayajanita sukha se vimukta hote hue svAdhIna sukhopalabdhi ke lie cakravartI kI vibhUti ko bhI tuccha tRNa ke samAna chor3a dete haiM -- tRSNArciSaH paridahanti na zAntirAsA miSTendriyArthavibhavaiH privRddhirev| sthityaiva kAyaparitApaharaM nimitta - mityAtmavAn viSayasaukhyaparAGmukho'bhUt / / mAnava-zarIra samasta paramparA kA mUla hai, kAraNa ki yahI prArambha meM utpanna hotA hai, usameM duSTa indriyAM hotI haiM jo viSayoM kI apekSA karatI haiM aura ye viSaya hI sattva ko mAna-hAni, prayAsa, pApa evaM durgati ke pradAtA hote haiM / jaise ki kahA bhI gayA hai -- bandhAddeho'tra karaNAnyetezca viSayagrahaH / bandhazca punarevAtastadenaM saMharAmyaham I abhiprAya yaha hai ki saMsArI jIva azuddha pariNAmoM se saMyukta hokara navIna karmabandha karatA hai jisase usakA naraka Adi gatiyoM meM gamana hotA hai| gati-prApta sattva ko hI zarIra hotA hai, zarIra se sambaddha indriyAM hotI haiM, inake hIdvArA viSaya kA grahaNa hotA hai, taba phira usameM rAga evaM dveSa bhAva utpanna hote haiM / isa prakAra cakravat saMsArUpa samudra meM paribhramaNa karane vAle isa saMsArI jIva kI yahI avasthA hai / yaha saMsAra paribhramaNa abhavya jIva kAanAdi-anidhana tathA bhavya jIva kA anAdi-sAnta hotA hai | AcArya kundakunda ne bhAva prAbhRta meM bAhuvalI kA udAharaNa dete hue batalAyA hai ki zarIra ko Adi lekara samasta parigraha kA tyAga karake bhI mAnakaSAya se kaluSita bAhubalI ko kitane hI kAla taka AtApana yoga se sthita rahanA par3A thA (arthAt kAyotsarga meM sthita rahate hue bhI unheM eka varSa taka mukti prApta nahIM huI thI) 1. svayambhUstotra, 17.2 2. sAgAradharmAmRta, 6.31

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jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI dehAdicattasaMgo mANakasAeNa kalusio dhIra / attAvaNeNa jAdo bAhubalI kittiyakAlaM / / isalie AcArya kahate haiM ki samamaarthAt zarIra evaM anya bAhya padArtho meM mamatva buddhi rakhane vAlA, sattva karmabandhako prApta hotA hai aura isase viparIta nirbhama arthAt 'yahAM merA kucha bhI nahIM hai aura na hI 'maiM kisI kA hUM' isa prakAra kI mamatva buddhi se virahita bhavya AtmA muktilAbha pAtA hai / ataeva sattca ko usa nirmamatva akiJcanatvabhAva kA sadaiva cintana karanA cAhie-- baddhayate mucyate jIvaH samamo nirmamaH kramAta / tasmAtsarvaprayatnena nirmamatvaM vicintayet / / nirmamatva cintana meM lIna sattva AtmasvarUpa kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai aura svayaM yogigamya rahasya paramAtmatva ko dhAraNa kara letA hai -- aMkicano'hamityAssva traiklokyAdhipatirbhavaH / yogigabhyaM tava proktaM rahasyaM paramAtmanaH / / jo vivekIantarAtmA zarIra se bhinna AtmA ko hI apanA mAnatA hai vaha isa bhautika dehopAdhi se rahita (=videha)ho jAtA hai arthAt zarIra ko chor3akara vaha svayaM paramAtmA bana jAtA hai -- dehAntaragatIjaM dehe'sminnAtmabhAvanA / bIjaM videhaniSpatterAtmanyevAtmabhAvanA / / kalyANa mandira stotra meM bhI aise hI bhAva kA cintana kiyA gayA hai ki 'jisa prakAra svarNa-pASANa tIvra agni ke saMyogase pASANasvarUpako chor3akara kAntimAn zuddha svarNa kIavasthAko prApta ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra tapazcaraNa karane se bhavya sattva bhI zIghra hI usa saptadhAtumaya zarIra kA parityAga kara paramAtma avasthA ko pA letA hai-- ghyAnAjjineza bhavato bhavinaH kSaNena dehaM vihAya paramAtma-dazAM vrjnti| tIvAnalAdupalabhAvamapAsya loke cAmIkaratvamacirAdiva dhAtubhedAH / / 1. bhAvapAhuGa, gA044 2. iSTopadeza, zlo0 26 3. AtmAnuzAsana, zlo0 110 4. samAdhitantra,74 5. jJAna0 pU0, kalyANamandirastotra, 15

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viSaya-praveza AtmA ke paramAtmatva kI prApti meM anya koI sahAyaka nahIM hotA / jisa prakAra vRkSa svayaM gharSita hokara agnisvarUpa pariNata ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra AtmA bhI svayaM hI apanI upAsanA kara paramAtmA bana jAtA hai-- upAsyAtmAnamevAtmA jAyate paramo'thavA / mathitvAtmAnamAtmaiva jAyate'gniryathA taruH / / vastutaH janma rahita (= anAdi), avinazvara (= anidhana), amUrta (= rUpa, rasa Adi se rahita), zubhAzubha bhAvoM kA kartA arthAt AtmapariNamana kA kartA, AtmakRta karmoM ke phala kA bhoktA, sukhasvarUpa, jJAnamaya aura prApta zarIra ke barAbara AtmA, karmamala se rahita hokara svabhAvataH Upara calA jAtA hai, Urdhvagamana karatA hai aura sarvazaktimAn rUpa meM vahIM sthira ho jAtA hai-- ajAto'nazvaro'mUrtaH kartA bhoktA, sukhI budhaH / dehamAtro malairmukto gatvordhvamacalaH prabhuH / / jaise-jaise jJAna meM uttama, vizada Atmatva AtA jAtA hai vaise hI vaise sahaja prApta viSaya-bhoga bhI acche nahIM lagate / jaise-jaise puNya se mile hue sulabha indriya viSaya AtmA ko rucikara nahIM hote vaise vaise hI apanI jJAnadhArA meM zreSTha vizada AtmA kA svarUpa pratibhASita hone lagatA hai |AtmasvAdI sattva kI ruci AtmA kI ora hI lagI rahatI hai aura vaha apane ko bhUla jAtA hai / apanA AtmA hI apanA hai, vahI nAtha = svAmI hai, isake sivAya kucha bhI nahIM hai| isa prakAra ke Atmacintana meM apUrva paramAnanda utpanna hotA hai aura vaha paramAnandasvarUpa Atmabrahma hI parameSThI hai / mahAmantra namaskAra anAdi nahIM : namaskAra-mahAmantra kA jo atiprAcIna rUpa upalabdha hotA hai usameM 'namo arahaMtAnaM (1) namo savasiddhAnaM (1) ye do hI pada milate haiN| ataH yahAM yaha vicAraNIya hai ki kyA saMkSepa meM parameSThI kI gaNanA do padoM meM hI kI jAtIthI athavA pAMca padoM meN| jaina namaskAra-mahAmantra ko anAdinidhana mAnate haiM parantu yaha zraddhA kAatireka hI pratIta hotA hai| tAttvika dRSTi se jise bhI cAheM anAdi batalAyA 1. ArAdhanAsAra, pR0 (142) para uddhRta 2. AtmAnuzAsana, zlo0 266, 3. aise hI vicAra bauddha darzana meM bhI milate hai de. dhammapada, gA0 160 4. de0- khAravela prazasti, hAthI guMphA-abhilekha, prathama paMkti 5. anAdimUlamantro'yaM sarvavighnavinAzanaH / maMgaleSu ca sarveSu prathamaM maMgalaM mataH / / maMgalamantraNamokAraH eka anucintana, pR0 63 para uddata

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10 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI jA sakatA hai / isa dRSTi se dvAdazAGga gaNipiTaka bhI anAdi hai parantu bhASA kI dRSTi sedvAdazAGgakobhIanAdi nahIM kahA jA sakatA, taba jodvAdazAGga gaNipiTaka meM batalAyA gayA hai vaha namaskAra-mahAmantra anAdi kaise? jaina AcAryoM ne vedoM kI apauruSeyatA kA khaNDana karate hue batalAyA hai ki koI bhI zabdoM para AdhArita grantha apauruSeya nahIM ho sakatA / jo bhI vAGmaya hai vaha saba manuSya ke prayatnasAdhya hai aura jo prayatnasAdhya hotA hai vaha anAdi nahIM ho sakatA / namaskAra-mantra bhI vAGmaya kA eka aMza hai / ataH vaha anAdi nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / parameSThI eka athavA pA~ca : namaskAra-mahAmantra jisa rUpa meM hameM prApta hotA hai vaha usI rUpa meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya tathA usase bhI pUrva pArzvanAtha Adi tIrthakaroM ke samaya upalabdha thA athavA nahIM, isa viSaya meM nizcita rUpa se kucha bhI kahanA kaThina hai, phira bhI isa sambhAvanA se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM 'Namo siddhANaM ' yaha pada to avazya hI pracalita thA, kAraNa ki jaba bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI dIkSita hue taba unhoMne svayaM siddhoM ko namaskAra kiyA thaa| paJca parameSThI: Avazyakaniyukti meM 'paJca-parabheSThiyoM ko namaskAra kara sAmAyika karanI cAhie' isa para bala diyA gayA hai / isase yaha bAta bilkula spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki AvazyakasUtra kI racanA ke samaya parameSThI pAMca mAna lie gae hoNge| dUsare, bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM AcArya aura upAdhyAya kI vyavasthA dRSTigocara nahIM hotI kintu jabase AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM sAdhu kA mahattva bar3ha gayA tabhI se unheM bhI namaskAra-mantra meM svatantra sthAna de diyA gayA / isa taraha parameSThI pAMca hI siddha hote haiM / arahanta ke pratinidhi AcArya aura upAdhyAya : parameSThI zabda arahanta kA vAcaka hai / yaha pUrva vyAkhyAna meM spaSTa ho gayA hai aura arahanta kI pariNati siddha rUpa meM hotI hai / ataH arahanta aura siddha ye do parameSThI to svayaM hI siddha haiM parantu yahAM yaha prazna vicAraNIya hai ki AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu ko parameSThI kyoM mAna liyA gayA? yahAM jainoM kA spaSTa kathana hai ki AcArya aura upAdhyAya arahantoM ke pratinidhi haiM / arahantoM kI anupasthiti meM unakA kArya AcArya aura upAdhyAya 1. siddhANaM NamokkAraM karei / AyAracUlA, 15. 32 2. kayapaMcanamokkAro karei sAmAIyaMti so'bhihito||aa0ni0, gA0 1027

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11 viSaya-praveza hI karate haiM / isa dRSTi se ve parama pUjanIya bana jAte haiM / ata eva ye donoM bhI parameSThI mAna liye gaye / isa taraha arahanta, siddha, AcArya evaM upAdhyAya ye cAra parameSThI hue| parameSThI kA svarUpa sAdhutva : ThIka hai arahanta aura siddha ke ilAvA AcArya aura upAdhyAya bhI parama pUjya, AdaraNIya aura arcanIya haiM kintu citta meM punaH yaha prazna khaTakatA hai ki sAdhu ko ukta paJca parameSThiyoM meM sthAna kyoM diyA gayA ? sAdhu to sAdhu haiM, ve AcArya, upAdhyAya kI taraha pUjya kaise ho sakate haiM? jaina AcArya isakA bhI samAdhAna karate hue kahate haiM ki cAhe arahanta ho athavA AcArya athavA upAdhyAya / ye saba pahale sAdhu haiM aura bAda meM anya kucha / vAstava meM sAdhu hI parameSThI kA svarUpa hai / zrImadbhagavadgItA kI TIkA meM eka zloka AtA hai jisameM kahA gayA hai ki sArA saMsAra strI aura kAJcana ke cakkara meM ghUma rahA hai, jo sattva inase virakta rahatA hai, vahI dUsarA paramezvara hai-- kAntA-kAJcana-cakreSu bhrAmyati bhuvanatrayam / tAsu teSu virakto yaH dvitIyaH paramezvaraH / / ' uparyukta kathanAnusAra sAdhu hI arahanta banane ke lie sAdhanArata hotA hai| yoga-sAdhanA ke caramotkarSa para pahuMca jAne para hI vaha yogAvacara parameSThI athavA paramAtmA bana jAtA hai / isa taraha yadi hama dekheM to siddha aura sAdhu ina do padoM meM hI pAMcoM pada samAviSTa ho jAte haiM, phira bhI pAMcoM hI padaapane-apane meM svatantra astitva rakhate haiM / isalie jainadharma meM namaskAra-mahAmantra paMca-parameSThI ke rUpa meM hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / arahanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu ye pAMcoM hI samAnarUpa se arcanIya, pUjanIya evaM sammAnanIya haiN| paJcaparameSThiyoM kA paurvAparyatva vicAra : parameSThI pAMca haiM |inkaa krama aisA hI hai athavA isameM anya koI vizeSa kAraNa hai ?niHsandeha namaskAra-mahAmantra meM jina pAMca mahApuruSoM ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai | usameM ukta krama ThIka nahIM hai, jaise ki pahale bhI kahA gayA hai ki siddha arahantoM ko bhI pUjya hote haiM, ve siddhoM se Upara nhiiN| sAdhanA meM arahanta siddhoM ko hI apanA ArAdhya mAnate haiM / isI ke bala para hI vearahantatva ko bhI pAte haiM aura phira ve hI siddha bana jAte haiM / ataH namaskAra-mahAmantra meM 1. vistAra ke lie de0-tIrthaMkara (vicAra mAsika), AcArya tulasI kA lekha 'parameSThI vandana', pR0 37.

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12 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI pahale siddhoM ko hI namaskAra kiyA jAnA cAhie |abhipraay yaha hai ki pUrvAnukrama meM 'Namo siddhANaM, Namo arahantANaM' aisA honA cAhie / yahI krama yadi pazcAnupUrvI rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jAe taba vaha namaskAra-mantra 'Namo loe savyasAhUNaM' se Arambha honA cAhie aura usake anta meM 'Namo siddhANaM' pada AnA cAhie kintu yahAM ye donoM hI krama samucita nahIM haiM / AcArya bhadrabAhu isakA samyag samAdhAna karate hue kahate haiM ki namaskAra-mahAmantra kA jo pada-krama Aja prApta hai vaha pUrvAnupUrvI hI hai / isameM krama kA atikramaNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai / apane mata kI puSTi ke lie unhoMne yaha tarka diyA hai ki jo siddha bhagavAn haiM ve arahanta ke upedaza dvArA hI jAne jAte haiM / ataH ve arahanta hI unake jJApaka haiM |isa dRSTi se arahanta hI hamAre adhika nikaTa hone se adhika pUjanIya haiM |atH namaskAra-mahAmantra meM arahantoM ko prathama sthAna diyA gayA hai / 2 AtmavikAsa kI dRSTi se bhI yadi dekhA jAe to arahanta aura siddha meM koI antara hI pratIta nahIM hotA / inake AtmavikAsa meM yadi koI bAdhaka hai to ve haiM-jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, vedanIya aura mohanIya ye cAra ghAtiyA karma, jinake vizeSa kSaya hone para AtmA pUrNarUpa se svasvarUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai / vikAsa kA aMzamAtra bhI kama nahIM raha jAtA / vaha kevalajJAna prabhAsvara hotA haiM / ekamAtra bhavopagrAhI karma ke zeSa rahane se arahanta zarIra ko dhAraNa kie rahate haiM aura saMsAriyoM ko bhavacakra se chUTane kA sadupadeza dete haiN| isalie yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki siddha arahanta se zreSTha hai| yahAM nizcaya dRSTi se to choTe-bar3e kA koI prazna nahIM uThatA / yaha prazna kevala vyAvahArika hai / vyavahAra dRSTi se arahanta sarvocca haiN| isI se unheM prathama sthAna para rakhanA samucita hai| arahanta tIrthaMkara hI dharma ke Adikara hote haiN| ve hI samasta prajA ko mokSa kA mArga prazasta karate haiM. prANImAtra ko use pAne kI preraNA ve hI dete hai| ve hIdharma kA srota haiM |dharma meM niSNAta hokara ve hI siddha ho jAte hai | isa taraha vyavahAra ke dharAtala para jitanA mahattva arahanta kA hai, utanA siddha kA nahIM / siddha ke jJApaka arahanta : arahanta siddha ke jJApaka haiM, isalie unheM prathama sthAna diyA gayA hai| koI yahAM prazna kara sakatA hai ki phira to AcArya arahanta ke bhI jJApaka hote haiM / ataH namaskAra-mantra meM 'Namo AyariyANaM' yaha pada sabasa pahale ho nA 1. puvvANupubvi na karmoniva ya pacchANupuvvi esa bhave / siddhAiyA paDhamA bIAe sAhuNo AI / / A0 ni0, gA0 1021 arihaMtuvaeseNaM siddhA najaMti teNa arihAI / / vahI, gA0 1022

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viSaya-praveza 13 cAhie |iske samAdhAna se batalAyA gayA hai ki 'AcArya toarahanta-pariSad ke pArSada haiM aura koI bhI vyakti pariSad ko praNAma kara punaH rAjA ko praNAma nahIM krtaa| dUsare,arahanta aura siddha to tulyabala bhI haiM, unameM paurvAparya kA vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai parantu paramanAyaka arahanta aura unakI pariSadkalpa AcArya meM paurvAparya kA vicAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ataH namaskAra-mahAmantra meM jo parameSThI krama hai vaha samucita hI hai| usameM kisI bhI prakAra ke krama kA atikramaNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| isa taraha arahanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu ye pAMca parameSThI hamAre iSTa hai / ye sabhI svAtmA meM sthita haiM,sva ke hI pariNatirUpa haiM, kevalajJAna Adi guNoM se yukta hone tathA samasta sattvoM ko sambodhita karane meM samarthahone se yaha AtmA hI arahanta hai / samasta karmo ke kSayarUpa mokSa ko prApta karane se nizcaya se yahI AtmA siddha hai / dIkSA aura zikSA ko dene vAle hone se, paJcAcAra ke svayaM AcaraNa karane tathA dUsaroM ko AcaraNa karAne meM vicakSaNa hone se AtmA hI AcArya hai / zrutajJAna ke upadezaka, sva-para mata ke jJAtA tathA bhavya jIvoM ke sambodhaka hone se yahI AtmA upAdhyAya hai aura samyadarzana-jJAna-cAritra rUpa ratnatraya ke sAdhaka, sampUrNa prapaJcoM se rahita, dIkSA, zikSA, yAtrA, pratiSThA Adi aneka dharmakAryoM kI nizcintatA se tathA Atmatattva kI sAdhakatA se yaha AtmA.hI sAdhu hai / ata eva paJcaparameSThI rUpa yaha AtmA hI spaSTa rUpase apanIzaraNa hai| isalie paJcanamaskAra-mahAmantra kA jApa kara pratyeka prANI ko sva meM hI ramaNa karanA caahie| Atmadarzana athavA AtmasAkSAtkAra hI brahyatva kI aura alaukika sukha kI upalabdhi hai namaskAra-mahAmantra sAmpradAyika nahIM: namaskAra-mahAmantra meM jina pAMca parameSThiyoM ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai unakA sambandha kisI sampradAya vizeSa se nahIM hai| usa-usa pada kI arhatA ko prApta kara lene vAlI bhavya AtmAe~ cAhe kisI bhI sampradAya se sambandha rakhatI hoM una sabhI ko namaskAra-mahAmantrameMnamana ke yogya mAnakara usa usa rUpa meM namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| ataH namaskAra-mahAmantra sAmpradAyika nahI sArvabhaumika hai| inhIM parameSThiyoM kA vistRta samyak nirUpaNa prastuta karanA prakRta prabandha kA abhidheya hai| 1. tathA arhatpariSadpA evAcAryAdayo'tastAn namaskRtyArhannama skaraNamayuktam 'Na ya koivi parisAe paNamittA paNavae rannotti / ' bhaga0 vR0 pR05, tathA milAiye, A0 ni0, gA0 1022

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arahanta parameSThI sArvaH sarvajJanAthaH sakala-tunubhRtAM pApa-saMtApa-hartA, trailokyAkrAnta-kIrtiH kSata-madanaripurghAtikarmapraNAzaH / zrImAnnirvANasaMpatarayuvatikarAlIr3ha kaNThaiH sukaNThaiH devendrarvandyapAdo jayati jinapatiH prAptakalyANapUjaH / / jJAna0 pU0, pR037

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dvitIya pariccheda arahanta parameSThI ka- bhAratIya vAGmaya evaM arahanta : bhAratIya vAGmaya meM arhat zabda prAcInakAla se hI calA A rahA hai / isake lie arahanta aura arihanta Adi zabdoM kA bahulatayA prayoga milatA hai| jainoM ke to paramArAdhya deva arahanta hI haiM / isI kAraNa inake namaskAra-mahAmantra meM arahantoM ko sarvaprathama namaskAra kiyA gayA hai -- 'Namo arahantANaM, Namo siddhANaM, -- / / prArambhika bauddha dharma meM bhI jainoM kI bhAMti arhat ko adhika mahattva diyA gayA hai| yahAM arhattva kI prApti hI bhikSu kA antima lakSya hai / arhattva kA artha 'nirvANa' bhI liyA gayA hai kintu mahAyAna bauddhadarzana arhat aura zrAvaka meM bhinnatA karatA / isa taraha mahAyAna darzana meM arhat ko utanA mahattva nahIM diyA gayA hai jitanA ki theravAda bauddhadharma meM dRSTigata hotA hai| - mahAyAna darzana meM samyak sambuddha ko sarvazreSTha zAstA mAnA gayA hai| inakI dRSTi meM yahI sarvajJa bhI haiM / jaina bhIarhat va arahanta ko aisA hI sarvocca mahattva dete haiM / inake anusAra arahanta mokSamArga ke praNetA haiM, karmarUpI parvatoM ko bhedana karane vAle haiM aura sampUrNa vizva ke tattvoM ke jJAtA haiN| jaina vAGmaya meM inheM tIrthaMkara, jagannAthaM, jina evaM bhagavAn Adi nAmoM se bhI jAnA jAtA hai / bauddha nikAya mahAparinirvANa sUtra meM eka prasaMga AtA hai jahAM bhagavAn buddha jainoM kI arahantoM meM bhakti-bhAvanA kI prazaMsA karate haiM / yahAM buddha apane 1. yo kho Avuso, rAgakkhayo, dosakkhayo mohakkhayo -- idaM vuccati arahattaM / saM0 ni0 3. 252, pR0 224; yo kho, Avuso, rAgakkhayo dosakkhayo mohakkhayo, idaM vuccati nibbAnaM / vahI, 3. 251, pR0 223 2. mokSamArgasya netAraM bhettAraM karmabhUbhRtAm / jJAtAraM vizvatattvAnAM vande tadguNalabdhaye / / ta0 vR0, maMgalAcaraNa zloka tathA de0 Apta parIkSA, kArikA 3 3. tIrthaGkaro jagannAtho jino'rhan bhagavAn prabhuH / / (harSakIrti) zAradIya nAmamAlA, 6, uddhRta anekAnta, varSa 28, ki0 1, pR0 18 /

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.. 16 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI ziSya Ananda ko sambodhita karate hue pUchate haiM ki kyA Ananda tumane sunA hai ki 'vaizAlI ke loga arahantoM meM adhika sadbhAvanA rakhate haiM, unakA sammAna karate haiM, saMrakSaNa karate haiN| unakA pUrA-pUrA dhyAna rakhate haiM jisase unakI sAdhanA meM koI bAdhA na ho tathA Ae hue arahanta nirbhaya hokara ekAnta vihAra kreN|' Ananda bhagavAn buddha ke isa vacana kA anumodana karatA hai aura kahatA hai ki he bhagavan ! jaisA Apa kaha rahe haiM vaisA hI maiMne bhI sunA hai / taba bhagavAn buddha kahate haiM, he Ananda, jaba taka vajjIvAsI aisA kareMge, pUjyanoM ke prati jaba taka unameM aisI bhAvanA rahegI, jaba taka ve unakA vaisA hI sammAna Adi karate raheMge, taba taka una vaizAlIvAsiyoM ke aizvarya Adi kA abhyudaya hotA rahegA unakI koI hAni nahIM hogI, ve ajeya hI raheMge / uparyukta sandarbha se itanA to svataH siddha ho jAtA hai ki jainoM meM arahantoM kA kyA sthAna hai? arahanta jainoM ke lie hI nahIM, pratyuta tInoM lokoM ke lie hI pUjya haiM / ina vItarAgI puruSoM ke atirikta jaina anya mahApuruSoM ko bhI svIkAra karate haiM aura unheM yathocita sammAna bhI dete haiM / aise mahApuruSa jainoM keanusAra 63 hote haiM jinheM prANiyoM kA maMgala karane vAlA kahA gayA hai| (1) triSaSTi mahApuruSa : sarvaprathama ina mahApuruSoM meM --- caubIsa tIrthakara Ate haiM jinheM arahanta kevalI va sarva bhI kahA jAtA hai / bAraha cakravartI - bharata, sagara, maghavA, sanatkumAra, zAntinAtha, kunthanAtha, aranAtha, subhauma, padama, hariSeNa, jayasena aura brahmadatta, nau baladeva -- acala, vijaya, bhadra, suprabha, sudarzana, Ananda, nandana, padma 1. kinti te, Ananda, sutaM-vajjInaM arahantesummikArakkhAvaraNa-gutti susaMvihitA - kinti anAgatA ca arahanto vijitaM AgaccheyyuM AgatA ca arahanto vijite phAsuM vihareyyuti / yAvakIJca,Ananda, vajjInaM arahantesudhammikArakkhAvaraNagutti susaMvihitA bhavissati, kinti anAgatA ca arahanto-peM0-vihareyyuti, buddhi yeva Ananda, vajjInaM pATikA no parihAnIti / dI0ni0, bhAga-2, mahAparinivvANasutta, 3.1.4 2. bhuvanatrayapUjyo'haM jinendra tava darzanAt / jJAna0 pU0 adyASTakastotram, zloka 10 3. traikAlye prathitAstriSaSTipuruSAH kurvantu te maGgalam / - vahI, maDgalASTakam, zloka 3 4 bharaho ya cakkavaTTI samaIo saMpayaM tuma sgro| avasesA cakkahA, hohinti aNAgae kaale|| maghava saNaMkumAro, santI kunthu aro subhUmo y| pauma hariseNa nAmo jayaseNo bambhadatto y||- pauma0 5. 152-53

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17 arahanta parameSThI aura raamcndr,| nau vAsudeva -- tripRSTha, dvipRSTha, svayaMbhU, puruSottama, puruSasiMha, puNDarIka, dattadeva, nArAyaNa (lakSmaNa) aura kRSNa, 2 nau prativAsudeva -- azvagrIva, tAraka, meraka, madhu, nizumbha, bali, pralAda, rAvaNa evaM jarAsandha / ye saba milAkara isa prakAra 63 mahApuruSa mAne gae haiM jinameM tIrthaMkara pramukha haiM / arhat zabda kA prayoga jaina evaM jainettara sampUrNa bhAratIya vAGmaya meM upalabdha hotA hai / (2) vaidika vAGmaya meM arhat : vaidika vAGmaya meM arhat athavA arahanta zabda aneka sthAnoM para upalabdha hotA hai / yahAM yaha zabda pUjya yogya, stutya, evaM sajjana ityAdi artho meM prayukta kiyA gayA hai / Rgveda meM arhat zabda hI nahIM balki prathama tIrthaMkara RSabha ke bhI aneka ullekha Ate haiM / eka sthAna para ariSTanemi se svasti vAcana para maMgala kI kAmanA kI gaI hai / varAhamihirasaMhitA yogavAsiSTha, vAyupurANa, 11 tathA brahmasUtra zAMkarabhASya 12 meM bhI Arhat mata kA ullekha milatA hai / bhAgavatapurANa meM bhI Arhat mata kA ullekha karate hue prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ko jina (zramaNoM 1. ayalo vijao bhaddo, suSmabha sudaMsaNo ya nAyavyo / ANando nandaNo paumo navamo rAmo ya baladevo / / vahI, 5. 154 2. hohI tiviThu duviThu svayaMbhu purisottamo purisasIho / purisavara puNDarIo datto nArAyaNo kaNho || vahI, 5. 155 3. paDhamo AsaggIvo, tAraga meraga nisumbha mhukeddho| bali palhAo rAvaNa taha ya jarA sindhu paDisattU / / vahI, 5.156 4. arhantazcid yamindhate saMjanayanti jantavaH / / Rg05.7.2 5. arhanto ye sudAnavo naro asAmizavasaH / vahI, 5. 52.5 6. imaM stomamarhate jAtavedase rathamiva saM mahemA manISayA / vahI, 1.64.1 7. arhannagne paijavanasya dAnaM hotevasadma paryemi rebhan / vahI, 7. 18. 22 8. svasti nastAyo ariSTanemiH / vahI, 1.86.6 6. digvAsAstaruNo rUpavAMzca kAryo'rhatAM devaH / varAhamihirasaMhitA, 45, 58; uddhRta anekAMta, varSa 28, ki0 1, pR0 18 10. vedAntArhatasAMkhyasaugataguruvyakSAdisUktAdRzo / (vAlmIki) yogavAsiSTha, 6.173.34 11. brAhme zaivaM vaiSNavaM ca sauraM zAktaM tathArhatam / vAyu0 42. 16 12. zarIraparimANo hi jIva ityArhatA manyante / brahmasUtrazAMkarabhASya, 2. 2. 34, pR0 514

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18 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI ke dharma kA pravartaka batalAyA gayA hai / yahAM kahA gayA hai ki RSama deva zramaNoM, RSiyoM tathA brahmacAriyo kA dharma prakaTa karane ke lie zukla sattvamaya vigraha se prakaTa hue the| (3) laukika vAGmaya meM arhat : laukika saMskRta sAhitya meM bhI arhat zabda kA pracura rUpa se ullekha milatA hai| hanumannATaka meM kahA gayA hai ki jaina zAsana ke mAnane vAle apane Izvara ko arhat kahate haiM / amarakoSakAra ne arhat ke mAnane vAloM ko Arhaka, syAdvAdika evaM Arhat kahA hai| * medinIkoSa meM arhat ko pUjya, mAnya, buddha, sugata evaM bauddha bhikSu ityAdi ke lie prayukta huA batalAyA hai| " AcArya hemacandra arhat ko padArtha kA yathArtha varNana karane vAlA paramezvara mAnate haiM / kAlidAsa ke anusAra arhat tIrtha ke pravartaka haiM ! isa prakAra laukika saskRta sAhitya meM arhat zabda vibhinna artho meM AyA hai parantu mukhyataH yaha zabda pUjya evaM yogya artha meM hI bahulatayA prayukta huA milatA hai ! (ka) pUjya artha meM arhat : saMskRta ke prasiddha mahAkAvya raghuvaMza meM rAjA dilIpa ke lie pUjya artha me arhat pada kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai ! isI prakAra rAjA raghu ne garudakSiNAbhilASI muni kautsa ke lie pajya artha meM hI arhata pada kA prayoga kiyA hai| rAjA raghu muni kautsa ko kahate haiM-he arhan, Apa do tIna dina Thaharane kA kaSTa kareM, taba taka maiM Apake lie guru dakSiNA kA prabandha karatA hu~ / abhijJAnazAkuntala meM rAjA duSyanta ko bhI pUjya evaM sammAnita vyakti ke rUpa meM prakaTa karate hue usameM arhattva kI parAkASThA batalAI gaI hai| (kha) yogya athavA samartha artha meM arhat : __ saMskRta vAD.maya meM vizeSakara manusmRti, rAmAyaNa evaM gItA meM arhata 1. dharmAn darzayituM kAmo vAtarazanAnAM zramaNAnAmRSINAmUrdhvamanthinAM zuklayA tanuvAvatAra zrImadbhAgavata, 5.3.20 2. arhannityathajaina zAsanarataH / hanumannATaka, 1.3 3. syAt syAdvAdika ArhakaH Arhat ityAdi / amarakoSa, 2.7.18 (maNiprabhA TIkA) 4. arhastu kSapaNe buddhe puMsi mAnye'nyaliGgakaH / arhantazcApi sugate kSapaNe'pi ca dRzyate / / medinI, pR076 5. yathAsthitArthavAdI ca devorhan paramezvaraH / (hemacandra, yogazAstra, 2.4) 6. yadadhyAsitamarhabhistadidha tIrtha pracakSate / kumArasambhava, 6.56. 7 arhaNAmarhate cakrurmunayo nayacakSuSe / raghuvaMza, 155 8. dvitrINyahanyarhasi sodumarhan yAvadyate sAdhayituM tvadartham / / vahI, 5.25 6. tvamarhatA prAgrasara : smRto'si naH / abhijJAna zAkuntala, 5.16

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arahanta parameSThI 19 pada yogya athavA samartha artha meM hI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| manusmRti meM isa pada kA yogya artha meM prayoga karate hue patita se utpanna hue putra ko pitR--dhana ke prApta karane ke ayogya batalAyA hai| gItA meM arjuna kahate haiM- he mAdhava ! apane hI bAndhavadhRtarASTra ke putroM ko mArane ke lie hama yogya nahI haiM, kyoMki apane hI kuTumbiyoM ko mArakara hama sukhI nahIM ho skeNge|aadikvi vAlmIki ne isa pada kA samartha artha meM prayoga karate hue sItA ke teja ke lie rAvaNa ko bhasma karane meM samartha batalAyA hai| paMcatantra meM AtA hai ki 'jo bhRtya rAjA dvArA tAr3ita aura apamAnita hokara daNDa pAtA huA bhI rAjA kA aniSTa nahIM cAhatA, vahI rAjAoM ke lie yogya hai'| bhaTTikAvya meM bhI rAma vibhISaNa ko yogya artha meM arhat ko rAjJA se hI vibhUSita karate haiM / rAvaNa ke marane para rAma kahate haiM ki 'he vibhISaNa! tuma zoka mata karo, kyoMki tuma hI rAjyabhAra saMbhAla kara isa rAvaNa kI mRtyu ke zoka dUra karane ke yogya ho| (4) bauddha vAD.maya meM arhat : bauddha darzana meM sAdhanArata vyakti ko bhikSu kaha kara pukArA jAtA hai| isase AgesAdhanAsiddha puruSa bodhisattva,arhat, pratyekabuddha aura samyak sambuddha kahalAtA hai| bodhi arthAt parama nirmala jJAna kI upalabdhi meM aharniza lagA huA sattva bodhisattva kahalAtA hai| vaha nirantara prakRSTa jJAna kI prApti kI ora agrasara rahatA hai| isakA ekamAtra lakSya samyaka-sambuddha bananA hai / bodhisatva kIyahIantima kAmanA rahatI hai ki saugata mArga ke anuSThAna se jisa puNya saMbhAra kA maiMne arjana kiyA hai, usake dvArA samagra prANiyoM ke duHkhoM kI zAnti ho|' 1. naivAhaH paitRkaM rikthaM patitotpAdito hi saH / manusmRti, 6.144 2. tasmAnmArhA vayaM hantuM dhArtarASTrAnsvabAndhavAn / svajanaM hi kathaM hatvA sukhinaH syAma mAdhava / / gItA, 1.37 3. na tvAM kurmi dazagrIva bhasma bhasmArhatejasA / vAlmIki rAmAyaNa, 5.22.20 4. tAr3ito'pi durukto'pi daNDito'pi mhiibhujaa| yo na cintyate pApaM saH bhRtyo'rho mahIbhujAm / / paMcatantra 1.67 5. tvamarhasi bhrAturanantarANi kartuM janasyAsya ca zokabhaDgam : bhaTTikAvya, 1- 42 6 bodhau satvam abhiprAyo'syeti bodhisattvaH / ___bhAratIya darzana. (upAdhyAya). pR. 130 para uddhRta 7. evaM sarvamidaM kRtvA yanmayAsAditaM zubham / tena syA sarvasattvAnAM sarvaduHkhaprazAntikRt / / bodhicaryAvatAra, 3.6

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20 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI mukta jIvoM ke hRdya meM jo Ananda-sAgara hilore mArane lagatA hai, vahI mere jIvana ko Anandamaya banAne ke lie paryApta hai| rasahIna sUkhe mokSa ko lekara kyA karanA hai| bodhisattva prANiyoM ke prati karuNA kA pradarzana karane ke lie sadaiva tatpara rahate haiN| . pratyekabuddha samyaka-sambuddha se pUrva kI siddhazreNI hai| pratyekabuddha ko maunabuddha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai kyoMki aise buddha anAzcaryakabhAva se pratyeka-sambodhi ko prApta karane ke bAda bhI dharmopadeza nahIM karate 2 ve svayaM mukta hote haiM parantu anya prANiyoM kI mukti ke lie dharmazAsana kI sthApanA nahIM karate, balki ve eka- mAtra vimukti sukha meM rahakara ekAnta vihAra karate haiN| pratyekabuddha samyak-sambuddha se pratyeka bAta meM choTe hote haiM aura samyaka-sambuddha ke samaya meM nahIM rahate / aisA prakRti kA niyama hai|' samyaka-sambuddha mahAyAnadarzana kI apanI maulika kalpanA hai| inake anusAra samyak-sambuddha sarvajJaaura parimuktahotA hai / vaha svayaM apane puruSArtha se bodhi prApti kI preraNA detA rahatA hai| samyak-sambuddha kA hRdaya mahAkaruNA se ota-prota rahatA hai| jo samyak-sambuddha hote haiM, ve apanI prazaMsA sunakara apane Apako guNoM se yukta hI prakaTa karate haiN| arhat pratyeka-buddha aura samyaka-sambuddha ke bIca kI kar3I hai| arhat vaha sAdhaka hai jisake hRdaya meM apanI duHkha-vimukti ke lie svayaM jJAna yA bodhi kA udaya nahIM hotA hai balki buddha Adi zAstAoM ke upadeza se jJAna hotA hai| arhat pada ke sAdhaka kA lakSya svayaM kI mukti prApta karanA hotA hai, dUsare prANiyoM ke duHkha dUra karane ke lie vaha koI bhI prayatna nahIM karatA aura nahI loka kalyANa ke lie upadezahI detA hai| arhat avasthA ko prApta karane ke bAda bhI sAdhaka saMgha meM hI rahatA hai aura saMghIya anuzAsana meM rahate hue anta meM nirvANa prApta karatA hai| 1. mucmAneSu sattveSu ye te prAmodyasAgarAH / taireva nanu paryAptaM mokSeNArasikena kim / / bodhicaryAvatAra, 8.108 2. evaM so pacceka--sambuddho eko anuttaraM / pacceka-sambodhi abhisambuddho ti-eko / / khuddaka nikAya, bhAga-4 (2), cullaniddeza, 3.10.1 3. de0 menyuala oNpha buddhijam, pR. 62 4. vahI 5. ye te bhavanti arahanA sammAsabuddhA te sake vaNNe bhaJamANe attAnaM pAtukaronti iti| suttanipAta, pR. 120 6. de0 tIrthaMkara buddha aura avatAra, pR. 141-142

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arahanta parameSThI 21 uparyukta vivecana ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue jahAM samyag sambuddha aura bodhisattva kA lakSya apanI duHkha vimukti ke sAtha-sAtha saMsAra ke anya prANiyoM kIduHkha-vimukti bhI hai vahAMarhat aura pratyekabuddha mAtra apanI duHkha-vimukti kA hI prayAsa karate haiN| isa prakAra arhat aura pratyeka buddha donoM hI samAna pratIta hote haiM parantu ina donoM meM eka vizeSa antara yaha hai ki arhat patha kA sAdhaka buddha Adi ke upadeza se prerita hokara sAdhanA karatA huA bodhi prApta karatA hai, jabaki pratyekabuddha binA kisI ke upadeza ke svayaM hI apanI sAdhanA karatA hai tathA arhattva avasthA prApta karane ke pazcAt bhI vaha saMgha meM hI rahatA hai, jabaki pratyekabuddha kA saMghIya vyavasthA evaM saMghIya jIvana se koI sambandha nahIM hotA hai| vaha ekAnta sAdhanA karatA hai aura svayaM bodhi prApta kara ekAkI vihAra karatA hai| arhat zabda kA nirvacana : bauddhadarzana ke pAli evaM saMskRta donoM prakAra ke granthoM meM arhat zabda kI bahudhA nirukti evaM vyAkhyAeM kI gaI haiN| pAli meM yaha ariho athavA araho milatA hai| dhammapada meM eka sampUrNa adhyAya hI arhat vaggo nAma se milatA hai| yahAM arhat athavA arahanta pada kI vistRta vyAkhyA karane hue batalAyA gayA hai ki arahanta vaha hai jisaneapanIjIvana-yAtrAsamApta kara lI hai,jozoka-rahita hai, jo saMsAra se mukta hai, jisane saba prakAra ke parigraha ko chor3a diyA hai aura jo kaSTa se rahita hai| yahAM arhat kI kucha bhinna dRSTi se bhI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| jaise jo smRtipUrvaka udyoga karate haiM, gRhasukha meM ramaNa nahIM karate, ve arhatR kahalAte haiN| jaise haMsa kSudra jalAzaya ko chor3akara cale jAte haiM, vaise hI ve bhI ghara ko chor3akara cale jAte haiN| arhat ke svarUpa ko aura adhika spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki 'jo vastuoM kA saMcaya nahIM karate, jinakA bhojana niyata hai, zUnyatA svarUpa evaM nimittarahita mokSa jinako dikhAI par3atA hai,aise unaarahantoM kI gatiAkAza meM pakSiyoM kI bhAMti ajJeya hai'| 'sArathI dvArA sunizcita azvoM kI bhAMti 1. gataddhino visokassa vippamuttassa svvdhi| savvaganthappahInassa parilAho na vijjti|| dhamma. gA060 2. upayuJjanti satImanto na niketaM ramanti te| "haMsA va pallalaM hitvA okamokaM jahanti te / / vahI, gA061 3. yesaM sannicayo natthi ye pariAta bhojnaa| suJato animittoM ca vimokkho yassa gocaro, AkAse' va sakuntAnaM gati tesaM durannayA / / vahI, gA062

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jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI jinakI indriyAMzAnta haiM, jinakAabhimAnanaSTa ho gayA haiaurajoAsrava-rahita haiM, aise una arahantoM se devatA bhI spRhA karate haiN|' Age yahIM arhat ko brAhmaNa bhI kahA gayA hai| aise arhat brAhmaNa ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue svayaM buddha kahate haiM ki 'jisakI gati ko manuSya to kyA devatA aura gandharva bhI nahIM jAnate, jo kSINAsrava haiM, aisA arhat vizeSa hI brAhmaNa hai| jisake pUrva, pazcAt aura madhya meM kucha bhI nahIM hai, jo parigraharahita haiM, vahI arhat athavA brAhmaNa hai| antataH ve kahate haiM ki 'jo pUrva janma ko jAnatA hai, svarga aura naraka ko bhI jo dekhatA hai, jisakA janma kSINa ho gayA hai aura jo divya jJAna-parAyaNa hai, vahI brAhmaNa hai, vahI arhat bhI hai'| milindapaJha meM kahA gayA hai ki jinake AsravakSINa ho gae haiM, jinake brahmacaryavAsa pUre ho gae haiM, jo kRtakRtya haiM, jinakA pUrNarUpase bhAra utara gayA hai, jo sacce jJAna ko prApta kara cuke haiM, jinake bhava-bandhana bilkula naSTa ho gae haiM, jinakA citta pUrNataH parizuddha ho gayA hai, aise arahantoM kA citta dUsaroM ke mana kI bAtoM ko jAnane meM halkA aura teja hotA hai| ve dUsaroM ke manoM kI rahasyapUrNa bAtoM ko jAnane meM bhI samartha hote haiN| visuddhimagga ke saptama pariccheda meM bhI arhat kI vizeSa rUpa se vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| yahAM para use saba klezoM se rahita, zatruoM aura saMsAra cakra kI ArAoM ko vinaSTa kara dene vAlA, cIvara Adi pratyayoM 6 ko dhAraNa karane. yogya aura pApa ko na chipAne vAlA batalAyA gayA hai| ve samasta klezoM se 1. yassindriyAni samathaM gatAni, assA yathA sArathinA sudntaa| pahInamAnassa anAsavassa, devApi tassa pihayanti taadino|| vahI, gA064 2. yassa gati na jAnanti devA gndhbmaanusaa| ravINAsavaM arahantaM tamahaM brUmi brAhmaNaM / / dhamma, gA0 420 3. yassa pure ca pacchA ca majjhe ca natthei kiJcanaM / akiMcanaM anAdAnaM tamahaM brUmi brAhmaNaM / / vahI, gA0421 4. puvenivAsaM yo vedi saggApAyaJca pssti| atho jAtikkhayaM patto abhiJaAvosito muni, 'savvavositabosAnaM tamahaM brUmi brAhmaNaM / / vahI, gA. 424 5. de. milindapaJha (hindI anu0), pR. 132-33 6. cIvara (vastra) piNDapAta (AhAra), senAsana (zayyAsana) aura gilAnapaccayamesajja (auSadhi) ye cAra vastueM bauddha sAdhu ke lie eSaNIya batalAI gayI haiN| de.visuddhi. 1.86-66 7. tattha, ArakattA, arInaM arAJca hatattA, paccayAdInaM arahattA, pApakaraNe rahAbhAvA ti, imehi tAva kAraNehi so bhagavA arahaMti anussarati / / vahI, 7.4

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23 arahanta parameSThI bahuta dUra haiM, mArga se vAsanA Adi klezoM ke vinaSTa ho jAne se athavA unase dUra hone se hI ve arhat kahalAte haiN| loka meM apane Apa ko paNDita mAnane vAle kucha eka loga lokabhaya se guptarUpa meM pApa karate haiM, parantu jo guptapApa nahIM karate, aise ve pApa athavA raha ke abhAva meM arhat (araha) kahalAte haiN| AcArya buddhaghoSa likhate hai ki avidyA aura bhavatRSNA jisake nAbhi haiM, puNya Adi abhisaMskAra jisake Are haiM, jarA-maraNa jisakI nemi hai, Asrava samudayarupIchurese chedakara,tribhavarupIrathameM saba prakAra se saMyukta,anAdikAla se calatA huA jo saMskAra cakra hai, use bodhivRkSa ke nIce, vIrya ke pairoM se zIla kI pRthvI para khar3A hokara, zraddhArupI hAthoM se, karmakSaya karane vAlI jJAnarupI kulhAr3I ko lekara, jisane sAre arioM arthAt karma rupI zatruoM ko mAra DAlA hai, aisA vaha sattva vizeSa hI arhat hai|' arhat sabhI prApta kara lene yogya arthoM arthAt prayojanoM ko hAsila kara letA hai tathA vaha anuttara puNyakSetra vAlA hotA hai| AcArya ghoSaka kahate hai ki saba manuSyoM aura devoM meM yadi koI pUjA ke yogya hai to vaha sattva vizeSa arhat hI hai| aise arahanta jahAM kahIM bhI vihAra karate haiM, vaha bhUmi ramaNIya ho jAtI hai| - isa prakAra sampUrNa bauddha vAD.maya meM arhat sarvazreSTha pada se sammAnita hai| bauddhoM kI arhat meM pUrNa AsthA hai| usakA Adara evaM satkAra hai| bauddha granthoM meM varNita arhat ke svarupa ke AdhAra para hama isa niSkarSa para paMhucate haiM ki arhat vaha sarvazreSTha sattva hai jisake nirantara jJAna ke abhyAsa se saba prakAra ke karma, kleza, Asakti evaM rAga-dveSa Adi zatru jo ki mokSa kI prApti meM bAdhaka haiM, vinaSTa ho gae haiM aura jinako paramajJAna prApta ho cukA hai, ve sarvajJa tathA kRtakRtya haiN| jo sabhI taraha se vimukta tathA zAntacita haiM, aise ve arahanta 1. ArakA hi so savvakilesehi savidUra-vidUre Thito, maggena savAsanAnaM kilesAnaM viddhaM sitattA ti ArakattA arahaM / vahI, 7.5 2. yathA ca loke ye keci paNDitamAnino bAlA asilokabhayena raho pApaM karonti, evamesana kadAci karotIti pApakaraNe rahAbhAvatopi arahaM / vahIM, 7.24 3. yaJcetaM avijjA bhavataNhAmayanAbhi puJaAdi abhisakhArAraM jarAmaraNanemi-Asavasamudayamaye akkhena vijjhitvA tibhavarathe samAyojitaM anAdikAlappavattaM saMsAracakkaM,tassAnenabodhimaNDe viriyapAdehisIlapathaviyaM patiTThAya saddhAhatthena kammakhayakaraM ANapharasuM gahetvA savve arA hatA ti arAnaM hatattA pi arhN| vahI, 7.7 4. sarvaprAptyArthaprAptatvAt anuttarapuNyakSetratvAt mUjArhatvAccAhan / bodhisattvabhUmi, pR. 64 5. sarvadevamanuSyeSu pUjArha ityucyate arhan / abhidharmAmRta, pR.86 6. . yatthArahanto viharanti taM bhUmiM rAmaNeyyakaM / dhamma, gA.68

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24 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI bhagavAn svayaM to mokSa prApta karate hI haiM, sAtha hI sAtha saMsAra ke anya prANiyoM ko bhI apane pAvana upadeza dvArA bhavasindhu se pAra lagAte haiN| isIlie ina arahantoM ko jagat meM vizeSa rUpase sammAna diyA jAtA hai-namotassabhagavato arahato sammAdharmA smbuddhss| (5) jaina vAGmaya meM arhat : jaina paramparA meM bhIarhatko viziSTa sammAna prApta hai| vejainadharmAvalambiyoM ke parama ArAdhya deva haiN| yahAM arhat kisI vyakti vizeSa kA nAma nahIM, vaha to AdhyAtmika guNoM ke vikAsa se prApta hone vAlA maMgalamaya 'padavizeSa' hai / jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra pratyeka bhavya prANI svapuruSArtha se vItarAgI, kevalajJAnI, arhat aura tIrthaMkara bana sakatA hai| aise paramArAdhya arahanta tIrthaGkara ko namaskAra ho-Namo arhntaannN| arhat zuddha saMskRta rUpa hai / jaina granthoM meM arhat ke lie mukhyataHarahanta evaM arihanta zabda milate haiN| isake atirikta arahA, arihA, ariho, arUha, arUhanta evaM arathAnta ityAdi anya prAkRta evaM apabhraMza zabda bhI milate haiN| arhat zabda kI vyAkhyA : jaina vAGmaya meM : 'arha pUjAyAm' arthAt pUjArthaka 'arha dhAtu se arhaH prazaMsAyAm'2 isa pANini sUtra se prazaMsA artha meM zatR pratyaya hokara arhat pada banatA hai| prathamA ke eka vacana meM 'udigacA sarvanAmasthAne dhAtoH' isa pANinI sUtra se jaba num kA Agama hotA hai taba 'arhan' va arhat pada bana jAtA hai| prAkRta bhASA meM zatR pratyaya ke sthAna para 'nta' pratyaya hotA hai jisase 'arhanta' rUpa banatA hai| isake atirikta prAkRta vyAkaraNa ke 'i:zrIhIkrItaklAntaklezaglAnasvapnasparzaharhigaheSu sUtra se r evaM ha ke madhya ikAra kAAgama hone para isakA sUcaka arihanta' pada banatA hai tathA svarabhakti se akAra kA yoga hone para arahanta rUpa bhI prAkRta bhASA meM bana jAtA hai| isake atirikta jo arahA, ityAdi zabda haiM ve bhI inhIM ke vikasita athavA vikRta rUpa haiN| yahAM yaha vicAraNIya viSaya hai ki ina pAThAntaroM kA kyA kAraNa hai ? aura ina pAThoM meM se kauna-sA pATha adhika samIcIna hai? . prAcIna itihAsa, zilAlekha evaM Agama granthoM kA avalokana karane se 1. (pANini), dhAtupATha, bhvAdigaNa 2. aSTAdhyAyI, 3.2.133 3. vahI, 7.1.70 4. prAkRta prakAza, 3.62

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arahanta parameSThI 25 avagata hotA hai ki sabase prAcIna pATha 'arahaMta' hai| isa bAta kA pramANa khAravela kA zilAlekha hai, jisakI pahalI paMkti meM 'namo arahatAnaM' evaM pandrahavIM paMkti meM 'arahaMta nisIdiyA' pATha upalabdha hotA hai| isI prakAra AcArya vIrasena dvArA uddhRta eka prAcIna gAthA hai--'siddha-sayyalapparUvA arahaMtA duNNyAM kayaMtA isameM bhI arahaMta pATha hI milatA hai| 'bhagavatI-ArAdhanA' meM bhI arahaMta pATha hI AtA hai| ataH arahanta pada hI prAmANika aura samIcIna hai| - isake atirikta adhikAMza hastalikhita granthoM evaM mudrita pUjA pAThoM meM bhI arahanta pada hI sarvAdhika pracalita hai| ina pAThAntaroM kA mukhya kAraNa hamArI dRSTi se nirvacana zAstra kA vistAra hai| samayAnusAra nirvacana kI dRSTi se vibhinna pATha pracalita ho gae, parantu mUla artha kI dRSTi se inameM koI bheda nahIM hai| jaise ki(1) arahantaH arahanta zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue bhagavatI sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki 'zreSTha devoM ke dvArA race gae ATha azoka Adi mahAprAtihAryoM se pUjA gayA vyakti vizeSa ho arahanta kahalAtA hai| isakA eka dUsarA artha yaha bhI kiyA gayA hai ki 'jo raha arthAt ekAnta deza se virahita aura anta arthAt madhyavartI parvata, guphA Adi sampUrNa deza ko jinhoMne jAna liyA hai-ve arahanta kahalAte haiM / athavA "jinako kisI bhI prakAra kI Asakti nahIM raha gaI hai-ve arahanta haiN| sthAnAGga sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki 'jo devoM Adi ke dvArA kI gaI pUjA vizeSa ko dhAraNa karate haiM, ve hI arahanta kahalAte haiM, athavA 'jinase kucha bhI chipA huA nahIM raha gayA arthAt jinako pratyakSa jJAna ke upalabdha hote hI kucha bhI jAnane yogya nahIM raha jAtA, aise mahAmAnava arahanta hote haiN|" SaTkhaNDAgamasUtra kI TIkA dhavalA meM bhI isI bAta ko prakaTa karata hue kahA gayA hai ki 'sAtizaya pUjA ke yogya hone se satva arahanta isa vizeSa saMjJA ko dhAraNa karate haiN|' 'garbha, janma, dIkSA, kevalajJAna aura nirvANa-ina 1. de. khAravela prazasti, hAthI guMphA-abhilekha 2. dhavalA TIkA, prathama pustaka, gA. 25 3. arahaMtasiddhaceiyaM / bhaga. A., gA. 45 4. amaravaravinirmitAzokAdimahAprAtihAryarUpAM pUjAmahantItyarhantaH / bhaga.vR.pa.3 5. ekAntarUpo dezaH antazca-madhyaM giriguhAdInAM sarvaveditayA samastavastustomagata-pracchannatvasyAbhAvena yeSAM te|| vahI 6. kvacidapyAsaktimagacchadbhyaH kSINarAgatvAt / bhaga.vR.pa.3 7. devAdikRtAM pUjAmarhantIti arhantaH / athavA nAsti rahaH pracchannaM kiJcidapi yeSAM pratyakSajJAnatvAtte / / sthAnAGgavRti, patra 174

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26 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI pAMcoM kalyANakoM meM devoM dvArA kI gaI pUjAeM, deva, asura va manuSyoM kI prApta pUjAoM se adhika haiM, ataH ina atizayoM ke jo yogya haiM-ve hI arahanta haiN|'' (2) araha, arahA evaM araho: araha kaheM yA arahA athavA araho-ye tInoM hI prAkRta zabda haiM tathA arahanta ke samAnArthaka haiM | utarAdhyayanasUtra meM 'araha' ko anuttarajJAnI, anuttaradarzI aura anuttarajJAnadarzanadhArI batalAyA gayA hai| (3) arihanta vA ariho: arihanta tathA ariho--ye donoM zabda bhI eka hI artha ke dyotaka haiN| yahAM para 'ari' kA artha 'zatru' se liyA gayA hai| prazna hotA hai ki ye zatru kauna haiM? Agama granthoM meM yaha spaSTa nirdeza milatA hai ki bhagavAn ke tIrthaMkaratva kI upalabdhi ke vinAzaka jo tattva haiM, jinheM karma bhI kahA gayA hai, ve hI usake ghAtaka zatru haiN| aise una karmarUpI ghAtaka arioM kA vinAza karane vAlA vyakti vizeSa arihanta kahalAtA hai'| Avazyaka niyukti meM bhI uparyukta kathana kA samarthana karate hue batalAyA gayA hai ki 'pAMcoM indriyoM ke viSaya, tathA krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha---ye cAra kaSAya,kSudhA-pipAsAAdibAIsaprakAra ke parISaha,zArIrika aura mAnasika rUpa donoM vedanAeM evaM upasarga-ye saba jIvana ke zatru haiN| inhIM zatruoM ke jo vinAzaka haiM, ve arihanta kahe jAte haiN| ghavalATIkA meM isa viSaya para vizeSa rUpa se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| yahAM kahA gayA hai ki 'ari arthAt zatruoM kA vinAza karane se arihanta saMjJA prApta hotI hai| yahAM moha ko 'ari' kahA gayA hai| moha ke abhAva meM avazeSa karma apanA kArya karane meM asamartha ho jAte haiM / athavA raja-AvaraNa karmoM ke naSTa ho jAne se sattva arihanta bana jAtA hai| jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura mohanIya yeM tIna karma yahAM raja kahalAte haiM kyoMki ye vastuoM ko viSaya karane vAle bodha aura anubhava ke pratibandhaka 1. atizayapUjArhatvAdvArhantaH / svargAvataraNajanmAbhiSekapariniSkamaNa kevalajJAnotpatiparinirvANeSu devakRtAnAM pUjAnAM devAsuramAnavaprAptapUjAbhyo 'dhikatvAdatizayAnAmarhatvAdyogyatvAdarhantaH / / dhavalA TIkA, prathama pustaka. pR.45 2. aNuttaranANI aNuttaradasI aNuttaranANadaMsaNadhare arahA- / u. 6.18 3. aTThavihaMpi ya kammaM aribhUyaM hoi syljiivaannN| taM kamamariM hantA, arihaMtA teNa vuccaMti / / bhaga. vR.pa.3 4. indiyavisayakasAye parIsahe veyaNA uvsgge| e e ariNo hantA arihaMtA teNa vuccNti|| A.ni.gA. 616

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27 arahanta parameSThI hote haiM / 'rahasya' ke abhAva se bhI arihanta saMjJA kI upalabdhi hotI hai| yahAM rahasya se abhiprAya hai--antarAya karma / antarAya karma ke nAza se zeSa tIna ghAtiyA karmoM kA bhI bhraSTa bIja ke samAna vinAza ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra antarAya karma ke nAza se arihanta saMjJA prApta hotI hai|' dravyasaMgraha ke kartA AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI bhI use hI arihanta (= ariho) mAnate haiM jisane cAra ghAtiyA karmoM arthAt jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya ko naSTa kara diyA hai aura isake phalasvarUpa jisake annatajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasukha aura anantavIrya--ye ananta catuSTaya utpanna ho gae haiM, sAtha hI jo nirvikAra rUpa meM sthita hai, vaha zuddhAtmA hI arihanta hai| 4) aruha evaM aruhanta : arahanta ke lie aruha athavA aruhanta zabdoM kA prayoga bhI upalabdha hotA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM aruhanta zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue batalAyA gayA hai ki 'karmarUpI bIja ke naSTa ho jAne se jo punaH utpanna nahIM hote, ve aruhanta haiN| jisa prakAra bIja kA Atyantika vinAza hone para aMkura utpanna nahIM hotA, usI prakAra karmarUpI bIja ke dagdha ho jAne para bhavAMkura utpanna nahIM hotA-- dagdhe bIje yathAtyantaM, prAdurbhavati nAMkura : / karmabIje tathA dagdhe, na rohati bhavAMkura : / / ' isa prakAra karmarUpI bIja ke vinaSTa ho jAne para arahantoM kA saMsAra kSINa ho jAtA hai, ye punaH utpanna nahIM hote haiM,ataH aruhanta kahalAte haiM / aruha pada isI kA vikRta rUpa hai| (5) arathAntaH arahanta ke artha meM arathAnta zabda bhI prayukta huA hai / bhagavatIsUtra meM isakA nirvacana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki 'ratha' arthAt sampUrNa parigraha ke upalakSaNabhUta janma-maraNa evaM jarA Adi kA jinhoMne vinAza kara diyA hai, aise sattva vizeSa hI 'arathAnta' kahalAte haiM / 1. arihananAdarihantA--rajohananAdvA arihantA--rahasyAbhAvAdvA arihantA-- dhavalA TIkA, prathama pustaka, pR. 43-45 2. NaTTha cadudhAikammo dsNnnsuhnnaannviiriymio| suhadehattho appA suddho ariho viciNtijjo|| dravyasaMgraha, gA. 50 3. kSINakarmabIjatvAdanupajAyamAnAH / bhaga.vR. pa.3 4. vahI 5. avidyamAna rathaH-syandanaH sakalaparigrahopalakSaNabhUto'ntazca-vinAzo jarAdhu palakSaNabhUto yeSAM te / bhaga.vR.pa. 3

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28 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI isa prakAra arahanta ke jo pAThAntaraM milate haiM, unameM mAtra nirvacana ke antara ko chor3akara, mUlaguNoM evaM artha kI dRSTi se koI vizeSa bhinnatA nahIM hai| sabhI pATha arahanta ke samAnArthaka hI haiN| isI se AcArya kundakunda arahanta ke viSaya meM apanA vizeSa mantavya prakaTa karate hue likhate haiM ki 'jinhoMne jarA, vyAdhi janma-maraNa, caturgati-gamana,' puNya-pApa, aThAraha doSoM tathA ghAtiyA karmo ko naSTa kara diyA hai aura jo jJAnamaya ho gae haiM, ve hI arahanta hai'|2 arahanta divya audArika zarIra kedhArI hote haiM | ghAtiyA karma-mala se rahita hone ke kAraNa unakI AtmA mahAn evaM pavitra hotI hai| ananta catuSTaya rUpI lakSmI bhI unako prApta ho jAtI hai| pratiSThAtilaka meM AcArya nebhicandra kahate haiM ki hearhana,Apa moharUpI zatru ko naSTa karane vAle nayarUpI bANoM ko dhAraNa karate haiM tathA anekAnta ko prakAzita karane vAle nirbAdha pramANa rUpa vizAla dhanuSa ke dhAraka haiM / yukti evaM zAstra ke aviruddha vacana hone ke kAraNa Apa hI hamAre ArAdhya deva haiM / jo sarvathA ekAntavAdI haiM, ve hamAre ArAdhya deva nahIM ho sakate kyoMki unakA upadeza pratyakSa evaM anumAna se bAdhita hai| he arhan, Apa aisI AtmA ko dhAraNa karate haiM, jo svarNAbhUSaNa (niSka) kI taraha prakAzamAna hai, bAhya aura antaHmala se rahita hai tathA jo samasta vizva ke padArthA ko eka sAtha nirantara jAnatA hai| he arhan. Apa manuSya, sura evaM asura sabhI ko mokSa mArga kA upadeza dete haiM,Apa se bar3hakara anya koI brahma athavA asura ko jItane vAlA balavAn devatA nahIM . 1. cAra gati haiM-1. narakagati, 2.tiryaJcagati, 3. manuSyagati aura 4. devagati / ta. sA., 2.38 2. jaravAhijammamaraNaM caugaigamaNaM ca puNNapAvaM c| haMtUNa dosakamme huu NANamayaM ca arahaMto / / bodhapAhur3a, gA. 30 3. audArika, vaikiya, AhAraka, tejasa aura kArmaNa--ye pAMca prakAra ke zarIra hote haiN| vistAra ke lie dekhie--ta.sU. 2.37-46 4. divyaudArikadehasthaH dhautaghAticatuSTayaH / jJAnadRgvIryasaukhyAdayaH so'rhan dharmopadezakaH / / paMcAdhyAyI, 2.60 arhan vibhrssimohaarividhvNsinysaaykaan| , anekAntadyotinidhipramANodAradhanuH ca / / tatastvameva devA se yuktizAstrAvirodhivAk / dRSTeSTabAdhiteSTAH syuH sarvathaikAntavAdinaH / / arhanniSkamivAtmAnaM bahirantarmalakSayam / vizvarUpaM ca vizvArthe veditaM labhase sdaa|| arhannidaM ca dayase vishvmbhyNtraashrym| nRsurAsurasaMghAtaM mokSamArgopadezanAt / / brahmAsurajayIvAnyo deva rudrastvadasti na / / pratiSThAtilaka, 374-78

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arahanta parameSThI arahanta parameSThIjagatpUjya haiM,ataH 'arahanta' kahalAte hai| ye hI karmarUpI zatruoM ko jItane vAle hone se 'jina' kahalAte haiN| ye arahanta hI bhuvanavAsI, vyantara, jyotiSI aura kalpavAsI' ina samasta devoM ke svAmI haiM / ataH Apa hI 'mahAdeva' haiN| prANimAtra ko sukha dene vAle hone se 'zaMkara' aura jJAna kI apekSA se samasta padArthoM meM vyApaka hone se Apa hI 'viSNu' kahalAte haiM aura brahma-svarUpa ke parama jJApaka hone se Apa hI 'brahma' bhI haiM | samasta jagat ke duHkhoM ko harane vAle hone se bhagavAn 'hari bhI Apa hI haiN| aise ye arahanta bhagavAn aneka nAmoM vAle haiM, phira bhI apane devatva lakSaNa kI apekSA se eka hI haiM, aneka nahIM, kyoMki vaha ananta guNAtmaka eka dravya hI sAdhaka yuktiyoM se sabhI meM samAna rUpa se siddha hai| isa prakAra sampUrNa jaina vAGmaya meM arahanta zabda pUjya evaM yogya vyakti ke lie prayukta huA hai / arahanta ke jo guNa pAli sAhitya meM batalAe gae haiM, ve bahuta aMzoM meM jaina arahanta ke guNoM se samAnatA rakhate haiM phira bhI jaina aura bauddhoM ke arahanta kI mAnyatA meM kAphI antara hai| jainoM kA arahanta pUrNa jJAnI, tInoM lokoM kA jJAtA, mokSa mArga kA darzaka aura dharma kA saMsthApaka hai| svarUpataH jainadharma kA arahanta mahAyAnI bauddhoM ke samyaka-sambuddha ke samakakSa to hai hI sAtha hI apanI kucha atirikta vizeSatAoM kI apekSA vaha hInayAnI bauddhoM ke arhat se kahIM adhika zreSTha evaM mahAn bhI hai| bauddhoM kA arhat svayaM samyag sambuddha se kaI guNoM meM hIna hai, kAraNa ki yahAM arhat kAlakSya apane ko nirvANa lAbha ke atirikta aura kucha bhI nahIM hai jabaki samyak sambuddha aura jainoM ke tIrthaDkara arahanta apane mokSa-lAbha ke sAtha-sAtha jagat ke samasta prANiyoM ko apane upadeza dvArA mokSa-mArga kI prApti ke lie prerita karate haiN| yahI donoM ke arahanta ke svarUpa meM eka mahAn antara hai| (kha) AdhyAtmika vikAsa aura arhatpada : adhyayana kI dRSTi se jIva ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa ko caudaha sopAnoM meM bAMTA gayA hai, jinheM guNasthAna kahate haiN| moha tathA mana, vacana, kAya kI 1. devaloka kI vistRta jAnakArI ke lie dekhie, ta. sU. adhyAya 4 2. arhanniti jagatpUjyo jinaH krmaarishaatnaat| mahAdevo'dhidevatvAcchAGkaro'pi sukhaavhaat|| viSNurjJAnena srvaarthvistRttvaatkthnycn| brahma brahmasvarUpatvAddharirduH khaapnodnaat|| ityAdhanekanAmApi nAneko'sti svlkssnnaat| yato'nantaguNAtmaikadravyaM syaatsiddhsaadhnaat|| jainadharmAmRta, 2.74-76

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jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI pravRti ke kAraNajIva ke antaraMga pariNAmoM meM pratikSaNa hone vAle utAra-car3hAva ko guNasthAna kahA gayA hai|' .. guNasthAna rUpa caudaha saupAnoM kA krama nirdhArita karane meM karmabandha ke jo pAMca mUla hetu--mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga haiM inakA kramika upazama, kSaya,kSayopazama aura kevala kSaya hI guNasthAnoM kA AdhAra hai| Agama granthoM meM ye guNasthAna caudaha prakAra ke batalAye gae haiN| inakA yahAM adhyayana karanA Avazyaka samajhatA huuN| 1. mithyA dRSTi guNasthAnaH mohanIya karma ke eka bheda mithyAtva ke udaya se joapane hita-ahita kA vicAra nahIM kara sakate, vejIva mithyAdRSTi kahe jAte haiM / mithyAtva prakRti ke udaya se utpanna hone vAle mithyA pariNAmoM kA anubhava karane vAlA jIva viparIta zraddhAna vAlA ho jAtA hai| usako yathArthadharma usI prakAra acchA nahI lagatA jisa prakAra pittajvara se yukta prANI ko mIThA rasa bhI rucikAra nahIM hotA / saMsAra ke adhikatara sattva isI zreNI meM Ate haiN| 2. sAsAdana guNasthAnaH __ anantAnubandhI krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha meM se kisI eka ke bhI udaya meM Ane se samyaktva kI virAdhanA hone para samyadarzana guNa kI jo avyakta atattva zraddhAnarUpa pariNati hotI hai, usako sAsana yA sAsAdana guNasthAna kahate haiM / isa guNasthAna ko dRSTAnta dvArA spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki samyaktvarUpI ratnaparvata ke zikhara se girakara jo jIva mithyAtvarUpI bhUmi ke sammukha ho cukA hai, arthAt jisane samyaktva kI virAdhanA kara dI hai, kintu 1. de0 (paM0 kailAzacandra), jainadharma, pR. 236-37 2. mithyAdarzanAviratipramAdakaSAyayogA bandhahetavaH / ta. sU. 8.1 3. kammavisohimaggaNaM paDucca cauddasa jIvaTThANA paNNatA, taM jahA-micchadiTThI, sAsAyaNasammadiTThi,sammAmicchadiTThi,avirayasammAdiTThi,virayAvirae,pamattasaMjae, appamattasaMjae, niyaTThivAyare, aniyaTThivAyare, suhamasaMparAe. uvasamae vA khavae vA, uvasaMtamohe, khINamohe, sajogI kevalI, ajogI kevalI / samavAo, 14.5 micchataM vedaMto, jIvo vivarIya daMsaNo hodi| Na ya dhammaM rocedi hu, mahuraM khu rasaM jahA jrido|| go.jI., gA. 17 AdimasammattaddhA, samayAdo chAvalitti vA sese| aNaaNNadarudayAdo, NAsiyasammotti sAsaNakkho so|| go0jI0, gA0 16

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arahanta parameSThI mithyAtva ko prApta nahIM kiyA hai, use sAsana yA sAsAdana guNasthAnavartI kahate haiN|' asana kAartha hotA hai-'nIce kI ora giranA' tathA AsAdanA kA artha hotA hai-virAdhanA, kAraNa ki yaha jIva mithyAtva kI tarapha nIce kI ora gamana karatA hai| yaha kArya samyaktva kI virAdhanA se hotA hai| isa taraha sattva dvitIya guNasthAna sAsAdana ke kAraNa samyaktva kA vinAza kara patana kI ora agrasara hotA hai| 3. samyag- mithyAdRSTi guNasthAnaH mile hue gur3a aura dahI kI taraha jisakA pRthak-pRthak svabhAva nahIM batalAyA jA sakatA, aise samyaktvaaura mithyAtvarUpa mile hue pariNAma vAlA samyag miyAdRSTi guNasthAna hotA hai| mizrarUpa pariNAma hone se ise mizra guNasthAna bhI kahA jAtA hai| 4. aviratasamyagdRSTi guNasthAnaH jo na to indriyoM ke viSayoM se virakta hai aura na trasa tathA sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA se hI kintu jinendra deva dvArA pratipAdita tattva para jo zraddhA rakhatA hai, vaha avirata samyagdRSTi jIva hai| usameM satya ke prati AsthA to ho jAtI hai parantu usakA AcaraNa karane kI sthiti nahIM bana paatii| 5. viratAvirata guNasthAnaH jo jIva jinendra deva meM advitIya zraddhA rakhatA huA trasa kI hiMsA se virata aura usa hI samaya meM sthAvara kI hiMsA se avirata hotA hai, usa jIva ko viratAvirata kahate haiN| virata aura avirata donoM hI dharma bhinna-bhinna kAraNoM kI apekSA se haiN| ata eva unakA yahAM sahAvasthAna virodha nahIM haiN| 6. pramattasaMyata guNasthAnaH isa sthAna vAle sAdhaka meM mahAvrata Adi pAlana kI kSamatA bhI A jAtI hai, parantu usameM dRr3hatA kA abhAva hotA hai| vyakta aura avyakta donoM prakAra ke -- 1. sammattarayaNapavvayasiharAdo micchabhUmisamA muho| __NAsiyasammatto so, sAsaNanAmo munneyvyo|| vahI, gA. 20 2. dahiguDamiva vAmissaM, puhabhAvaM NevakArituM sakkaM / evaM missayabhAvo, sammAmicchotti nnaadvyo|| vahI, gA. 22 3. No iMdiyesu virado, No jIve thAvare tase vaapi| jo saddahadi jiNuttaM sammAiTThI avirado so|| vahI, gA0, 26 4. jo tasavahAu virado, aviradao taha ya thaavrvhaado| ekkasamayamhi jIvo, viradAvirado jiNekkamaI / / vahI gA. 31

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32 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI pramAdoM' ke naSTa na hone ke kAraNa vaha citrala' AcaraNa vAlA mAnA gayA hai| 7. apramattasaMyata guNasthAnaH jisa saMyata sattva ke sampUrNa vyaktAvyakta pramAda naSTa ho cuke haiM, jo samagra mahAvrata Adi mUlaguNa tathA sadAcAra (zIla) se yukta hai, zarIra aura AtmA ke bhedajJAna meM tathA mokSa ke kAraNabhUta dhyAna meM nirantara lIna rahatA hai, aisA apramatta muni jaba taka upazamaka yA kSapaka zreNI kA ArohaNa nahIM karatA taba taka usako svasthAna apramatta kahate haiM / isa sthAna kA kAla antarmuhUrta mAtra hI hai| yadi vaha paravizuddhi ko prApta kara letA hai taba Upara ke guNasthAnoM meM ArohaNa karatA hai, anyathA punaH chaThe guNasthAna meM banA rahatA hai| 8. nivRttibAdara guNasthAnaH yahAM bAdara kA sthUla artha kiyA gayA hai aura isa guNasthAna ke jaba sAdhaka sattva sthUla kaSAya kI pUrNa nivRtti karatA hai, taba vaha AtmA sthUla rUpa se krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ityAdi kaSAyoM se mukta ho jAtI hai| isa sthAna meM bhinnasamayavartI jIva, jo pUrva samaya meM kabhI bhI prApta nahIM hue the, aise apUrva pariNAmoM ko dhAraNa karate haiN| isI kAraNa guNasthAna kA nAma apUrvakaraNa bhI milatA hai| isa guNasthAna meM bhinna samayavartI jIvoM meM vizuddha pariNAmoM kI apekSA kabhIbhI sAdRzya nahI pAyA jAtA, kintu eka samayavartI jIvoM meM sAdRzya aura vaisAdRzya donoM hI pAe jAte haiN| dhyAna rahe kI yahAM se do prakAra kI zreNiyAM 1. cAra vikathA-strIkathA, bhaktakathA, rASTrakathA, avanipAlakathA, cAra kaSAya-krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, paMca indriya-sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu, zrotra, eka nidrAaura eka praNaya-ye pandraha prakAra ke pramAda haiN| de. vahI, gA. 34 citrala se abhiprAya hai--citakabarA--jahAM dUsare raMga kA bhI sadbhAva pAyA jaae| yahAM isakA abhiprAya hai dossmishrit| 3. vattAvattapamAde, jo vasai pamattasaMjado hodi|| sayalaguNasIlakalio, mahabbaI cittalAyaraNo / / go.jI., gA. 33 4. asaGgatayA samazatrumitratA shiilmiti| dharmabindu, 4.267 5. NaTThAsesapamAdo, vayaguNasIlo timaMDio nnaannii| aNuvasamao akhavao jhANaNilINo hu apamatto / / go. jI.. gA. 46 6. edamhi guNaTThANe visarisasamayaTThiyehiM jiivehiN| pubamapattA jamhA, hoti apuvA hu pariNAmA / / vahI, gA. 51 7. bhiNNasamayaTThiyehiM du, jIvehiM Na hodi savvadA sriso| karaNehiM ekkasamayaTThiyehiM sariso visariso vA / / go. jI., gA., 52 ja0

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.33 arahanta parameSThI Arambha ho jAtI haiM / mohanIya karma kI zeSa prakRtiyoM kA upazama karane vAle upazamaka tathA caya karane vAle kSapaka kahalAte haiN|' 6. anivRttibAdara guNasthAna : jisameM sthUla kaSAya kI anivRti hotI hai arthAt kaSAya thor3I mAtrA meM rahatA hai, use anivRttibAdara guNasthAna kahate haiN| isa avasthA meM AtmA prAyaH kaSAya se nivRtta ho jAtI hai| isa avasthA kA nAma anivRttikaraNa bhI hai| yahAM nivRtti se abhiprAya hai-bheda tathA karaNa zabda kA artha hai-pariNAma / ataH jina jIvoM ke pariNAmoM meM bheda nahIM hotA arthAta pratisamaya eka jaise rahate haiM aura jo vimalatara dhyAna rUpI agni zikhA se karmavana ko bhasma kara dete haiM, ve jIva anivRttikaraNa guNasthAna vAle kahalAte haiN| 10. sUkSmasAmparAya guNasthAna : .sAmparAya kaSAya kA nAma hai| jisa prakAra dhule hue kASAya vastra meM lAlimA sUkSma raha jAtI hai, usI prakAra jo jIva atyanta sUkSma rAga evaM lobha kaSAya se yukta hai, usako sUkSma sAmparAya nAmaka guNasthAna vAlA kahate haiN| isa sthAna vAlA jIva cAhe upazama zreNI kA ArohaNa karane vAlA ho athavA kSapaka zreNI kA ArohaNa karane vAlA ho, vaha yathAkhyAtacAritrase kucha hInyUna rahatA hai kyoMki usa avasthA meM krodha,mAna aura mAyAyetIna kaSAya upazAnta ho jAte, kSINa ho jAte haiM, kevala sUkSma lobha ke udya kA hI vedana hotA hai| 11. upazAntakaSAya guNasthAna : nirmalI phala se yukta jala kI taraha, athavA zarad Rtu meM Upara se svaccha ho jAne vAle sarovara ke jala kI taraha, sampUrNa mohanIya karma ke upazama se utpanna hone vAle nirmala pariNAmoM ko upazAnta kaSAya guNasthAna kahate haiN| isa avasthA meM sAdhaka kA mohanIya karma pUrNatayA zAnta ho jAtA hai| 1. tArisapariNAmaTThiyajIvA hu jiNehiM gliytimirehiN| mohassapubbakaraNA, khavaNuvasamaNujjayA bhaNiyA / / vahI, gA. 54 2. hoti aNiyaTThiNo te, paDisamayaM jessimekkprinnaamaa| vimalayarajhANahuyavahAsihAhiM NidaDDhakammabaNA / / vahI, gA. 57 3. dhutakosuMbhayavatthaM, hohi jahA suhamarAyasaMjuttaM / evaM suhamakasAo, suhamasarAgoti nnaadbbo|| vahI, gA. 58 4. aNulohavedaMto, jIvo uvasAmago va khavago vaa| so suhamasAMparAo, jahakhAdeNUNao kiNci|| vahI,gA060 5. kadakaphalajudajalaM vA, sarae saravANiyaM va nnimmlyN| sayalovasaMtamoho, uvasaMtakasAyao hodi|| vahI,gA061

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34 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI 12. kSINakaSAya guNasthAna : jisa nirgrantha kA cittamohanIya karma ke sarvathAkSINa ho jAne se sphaTika ke nirmalapAtra meM rakhe hue jala ke samAna ho gayA hai, vaha kSINakaSAya guNasthAnavartI kahalAtA hai| aise sattva kI AtmA vItarAga ho jAtI hai| isa guNa sthAna kI avadhi pUrNa hote hI usake jJAna, sukha aura vIrya ko avaruddha karane vAle zatru svarUpa sampUrNa karmahetuoM kA Atyantika vinAza ho jAtA hai| yahaguNasthAnabar3e mahattvakA hai kyoMki isameM sattvake guNoM meM utAra-car3hAva AtA rahatA hai / isa guNasthAna meM pahuMcA huA vyakti yadi apane sAdhanAmArga se bhaTaka jAe to sIdhA cauthe guNa sthAna meM calA jAtA hai| yadi isa guNa sthAna ko eka bAra pAra kara liyA jAe taba vaha sattva punaH usa guNa sthAna meM nahIM lauTatA / vaha uttarottara bar3hatA hI jAtA hai aura ekamAtra jJAna ko pA letA hai| 13. sayogakevalI guNasthAna : jisakA kevalajJAna rUpI sUrya kI kiraNoM ke samUha se ajJAna rUpI andhakAra sarvathA naSTa ho gayA hai aura jisako nau prakAra kI kevalalabdhiyoM' ke prakaTa hone se paramAtmA kI saMjJA prApta ho gaI hai, vaha indriya, Aloka Adi kI apekSA na rakhane vAle jJAnadarzana se yukta hone ke kAraNa kevalI tathA yoga se yukta rahane ke kAraNa sayoga kevalI evaM ghAtiyA karmoM se rahita hone ke kAraNa jina (arahanta) kahA jAtA hai| yahI terahavAM guNasthAna jIvanmukta kI avasthA kA dyotaka hai| 14. ayogakevalI guNasthAna : jo aThAraha hajAra zIla ke bhedoM kA svAmI ho cukA hai, jisake karmoM ke Ane kA dvArarUpa Asrava sadA ke lie banda ho gayA hai tathA sattva aura udayarUpa avasthA ko prApta karmarUpa raja kI sarvathA nirjarA hone se jo usa karma se pUrNataH mukta hai, usa caudahaveM guNasthAnavartI yogarahita kevalI ko ayogakevalI kahate hai| yahI siddhAvasthA hai aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI 1. NissesakhINamoho, phlihaamlbhaaynnudysmcito| khINakasAo bhaNNadi, NiggaMtho vIyarAsehiM / / vahI,gA062 2. dANe lAhe bhoe paribhoe vIrie smmte| NavakevalaladdhIo desaNa NANe cAritte ya / / vasunandi-zrAvakAcAra,gA0527 3. go0jI0, gA063-64 4. tIna yoga, tIna karaNa, cAra saMjJAeM, pAMca indriyAM, pRthvI Adi SaTkAya aura daza zramaNa dharma-inheM paraspara guNA karane se zIla ke aThAraha hajAra bheda ho jAte haiM / de0-mUlA0 tR0gA0 10 16, tathA bhAvapAhuDa, gA0 118 para TIkA / 5. sIlesi saMpatto, NiruddhaNissesaAsavo jiivo| kammarayaviSpamukko, gayajogo kevalI hodi / / go0jI0,gA0 65

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35 arahanta parameSThI antima maMjila bhI hai / yahI sAdhya hai, dharma kA Adi tathA anta bhI yahI hai| uparyukta prakriyA ke anusAra sattva tIsare guNasthAna se uThatA huA terahaveM guNasthAna meM pahuMca kara cAra ghAtiyA karmo kA vinAza karake arahanta pada ko prApta karatA hai tathA vahI caudahaveM guNasthAna meM pahuca kara sampUrNa karmoM se mukta hone para siddha kahalAtA hai| (ga) karma tathA usake bheda : __ zubha evaM azubha pravRtti ke dvArA AkRSTa evaM sambaddha hokara jo pudgala' AtmA ke svarUpa ko AvRtta karate haiM, vikRta karate haiM aura zubhAzubha phala ke kAraNa banate haiM, una AtmagRhIta pudgaloM kA nAma hI 'karma' haiN| karma jaba AtmA ke sAtha bandhako prApta hote haiM to ve mukhya rUpa se ATha rUpoM meM parivartita ho jAte haiN| ye karmoM kI ATha avasthAeM hI karmo ke pramukha ATha bheda ginAe gae haiM ve haiM (1) jJAnAvaraNIya,(2)dazanAvaraNIya, (3) vedanIya, (4) mohanIya, (5) Ayu, (6) nAma, (7) gotra aura (E) antarAya karma / ina ATha bhedoM ko mUla karmaprakRti tathA inake avAntara bhedoM ko uttara karmaprakRti kahA jAtA hai| yahAM prakRti se abhiprAya hai-vastu kA svabhAva / ina ATha prakAra ke karmo ko do bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai-(1) ghAtiyA karma aura (2) aghAtiyA krm| (a) ghAtiyA karmaH __ jo karma pudgala AtmA se cipaka kara AtmA ke mukhya yA svAbhAvika guNoM kA ghAta (vinAza) karate haiM, unakA hanana karate haiM, ve ghAtiyA karma kahalAte haiN| jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya-ye cAra ghAtiyA karma haiN| ina karmoM kA samUla vinAza hone para hI AtmA svasvarUpa meM pragaTa ho jAtI hai| AtmA kA yahI pragaTapanA sarvajJatvamaya hotA hai| 1. jinameM pUraNa-naye paramANuoM kA saMyoga aura galana-saMyukta paramANuoM kA viyoga ___hotA hai unaheM pudgala kahA jAtA hai| ta0sA0 3.55 2. sakaSAyatvAjjIvaH karmaNo yogyAn pudlAnAdatte / sa bandhaH / ta0sU0 8.2-3 3. nANassAvaraNijjaM daMsaNAvaraNaM thaa| veyaNijjaMtahA mohaM AukammaM taheva y|| nAmakammaM ca goyaM ca antarAyaM taheva y| evameyAi kammAiM aTTheva u smaaso|| u0 33.2-3 4. eyAo mUlapayaDIo uttarAo ya AhiyA / vahI,33.16

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36 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI (A) aghAtiyA karma : jo karma AtmA ke guNoM kA ghAta nahIM karate, unako kisIbhI prakAra kI hAni nahIM pahucAte-ve aghAtiyA karma kahalAte haiN| ghAtiyA karmoM kA abhAva hone para ye karma nahIM panapate, usI janma meM kSINa ho jAte haiM |vedniiy, AyuSya, nAma aura gotra-ye cAra aghAtiyA karma haiN| jainoM ke dvArA mAnya inaghAtiyAauraaghAtiyA karmoM kA saMkSipta vivecana isa prakAra hai-- 3 jJAnAvaraNIya karma : joAtmA meM rahane vAle jJAnaguNakoprakaTa nahIM honedetAusejJAnAvaraNIya karma kahate haiN| jJAna ke mukhya pAMca prakAroM ke AdhAra para jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke bhI pAMca avAntara bheda hote hai:-- (1) AbhinibodhikajJAnAvaraNa (matijJAnAvaraNa) yaha indriyajanya jJAna kA Avaraka karma hai| (2) zrutajJAnAvaraNa : yaha zAstra jJAna kA Avaraka karma hotA hai| (3) avadhijJAnAvaraNa : yahaindriya ityAdi kI sahAyatA ke binAhone vAle yaugika pratyakSa jJAna kA Avaraka karma hotA hai| (4) manaHparyayajJAnAvaraNa : yaha indriya Adi kI sahAyatA ke binA dUsare ke manogatabhAvoM ko jAnane vAle jJAna kA Avaraka karma hotA hai| (5) kevalajJAnAvaraNa : yaha indriyAdikI sahAyatA ke binA hone vAle trikAlavartI samasta padArthoM kI samasta avasthAoM ke jJAna kA Avaraka karma hotA hai| nANAvaraNaM paMcavihaM suyaM AmiNibohiyaM / ohinANaM taIyaM maNanANaM ca kevalaM / / u0 33.4

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arahanta parameSThI 37 2. darzanAvaraNIya karma : jo padArthoM ke sAmAnya jJAna yA AtmabodharUpa darzana guNa kA Avaraka hai use darzanAvaraNIya karma mAnA gayA hai| isake nau avAntara bheda batalAe gae (1)cakSurdarzanAvaraNa-jo cakSudvArA hone vAle sAmAnya avalokana ko na hone de, vaha cakSurdarzanAvaraNa hai| (2) acakSurdarzanAvaraNa- jo cakSu ko chor3akara anya indriyoM se hone vAle sAmAnya avalokana ko na hone de vaha acakSurdarzanAvaraNa hai| (3)avadhidarzanAvaraNa-joavadhijJAna se pahale hone vAle sAmAnya avalokana ko na hone de vaha avadhidarzanAvaraNa hai| (8) kevaladarzamAvaraNa-jo kevalajJAna ke sAtha hone vAle sAmAnya darzana ko roke vaha kevaladarzanAvaraNa hai| (5) nidrA-jisa karma ke udaya se aisI nidrAAe ki sukhapUrvaka jAgA jA sake vaha nidrAvedanIya darzanAvaraNa hai| (6) nidrA-nidrA-jisa karma ke udaya se nidrA se jAganA atyanta kaThina ho vaha nidrAnidrAvedanIya darzanAvaraNa hai| (7) pracalA-jisa karma ke udaya se baiThe-baiThe yA khar3e-khar3e hI nIMda A jAe vaha pracalAvedanIya darzanAvaraNa hai| (E) pracalA-prathalA- jisa karma ke udaya se calate-calate hI nIMda A jAe vaha pracalApracalAvedanIya darzanAvaraNa hai| __(6) styAnagRddhi--jisa karma ke udaya se jAgrata avasthA meM soce hue kArya ko nidrAvasthA meM karane kA sAmarthya prakaTa ho jAe vaha styAnagRddhi darzanAvaraNa hai| 3. vedanIya karma : jisa karma ke udaya se sukha yA duHkha kI anubhuti hotI hai, use vedanIya karma kahate haiN| sukha aura duHkharUpa anubhUti hone ke kAraNa isake do bheda kie 1. cakSuracakSuravadhikevalAnAM nidrAnidrAnidrApracalApracalApracalAstyAnagRddhivedanIyAni c| ta0sU08.8 2. de0-ta0vR08.7

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38 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI gae haiN| ve haiM- sAtAvedanIya aura asAtAvedanIya / ' (1) sAtAvedanIya-jisake udya se prANI sukha kA anubhava kare vaha sAtAvedanIya karma hai| (2)asAtAvedanIya--jisake udya se prANIko duHkha kAanubhava ho vaha asAtAvedanIya karma hai| ina donoM ke kaI avAntara bheda bhI ho sakate haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM asAtAvedanIya rUpase krodha, mAna,mAyAaura lobhavedanIya kA ullekha milatA hai | puNyarUpa aura pAparUpa jitane bhI karma sambhava haiM ve saba inake avAntara bheda ho sakate hai| 4. mohanIya karmaH jisa karma ke udya se jIva apane svarUpa ko bhUlakara parapadArthoM meM mamatva rakhe, use mohanIya karma kahate haiN| isa karma ke prabhAva se jIva viSayoM meM Asakta rahatA hai aura use apanI mUDhatA kA patA nahIM rhtaa| yaha karma saba karmoM meM pradhAna hai kyoMki isa karma ke naSTa hote hI anya karma bhI jaldI hI kSINa ho jAte haiN| tattvoM meM zraddhAna aura sadAcAra meM pravRtti na hone ke kAraNa mohanIya karma ke mukhya do bheda kie gae haiM (1) darzanamohanIya aura (2) cAritramohanIya / darzanamohanIya karma ke tIna avAntara bheda haiM--(1) samyaktva mohanIya, (2) mithyAtva mohanIya, (3) samyaktvamithyAtva mohanIya / ' cAritramohanIya karma ke paccIsa avAntara bheda ho jAte haiN| solaha kaSAya--krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ye kaSAya ke mukhya cAra bheda haiN| tIvratA ke taratamabhAva kI dRSTi se pratyeka ke (1) anantAnubandhI, (2) apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa, (3) pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa, aura (4) saMjvalana ke bheda se cAra-cAra aura bheda ho jAte haiN,| nau kaSAya (ISat manovikAra)-(1) hAsya, (2) rati, (3) arati, (4) zoka, (5) bhaya, (6) jugupsA, (7) strIveda, (8) puruSaveda aura (6) napuMsakaveda |is prakAra ina sabhI 1. vedaNIyaM pi ya duvihaM sAyamasAyaM ca AhiyaM / u0 33.7 2. de0-ta0vR08.8 3. de-u0 26.68-71 4. de0-karmaprakRti, prastAvanA, pR025. 5. lobhavijaeNaM saMtosIbhAvaMjaNayai, lobhaveyaNijjaM kamma nabandhai, pulbddhNcnijjrei|| u026.71 6. mohaNijja pi duvihaM daMsaNe caraNe thaa|| u0 33.8 7. sammattaM ceva micchattaM sammAmicchattarameva ya / eyAo tinni payaDIo mohaNijjassa daMsaNe / / vahI, 33.6 OM OM OM

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arahanta parameSThI ____ 39 ko milAkara mohanIya karma kI aTThAIsa prakRtiyAM batalAI gayI haiN|' 5-Ayukarma : jisa karma ke udya se jIva ke jIvana (Ayu) kI avadhi nizcita hotI hai use Ayukarma kahate haiM / gatiyoM ke AdhAra para isake bhI cAra bheda ho jAte haiM jaise(1) narakAyu, (2) tiryaJcAyu, (3) manuSyAyu aura (4) devAyu / uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM sUtrArtha cintana kA phala batalAte hue likhA hai ki sUtrArtha ke cintana se jIva Ayukarma ko chor3akara zeSa jJAnAvaraNa Adi sAta karmoM kI prakRtiyoM ke pragAr3ha bandhana ko zithila kara detA hai| Ayukarma kA bandhana kadAcit karatA hai aura kadAcit nahIM bhI karatA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki Ayukarma anya sAta karmoM se kucha bhinna prakAra kA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke TIkAAdi granthoM se bhI patA calatA hai ki Ayukarma kA jIvana meM kevala eka hI bAra bandha hotA hai jabaki anya karmoM kA bandha sadaiva hotA rahatA hai| 1. darzanacAritramohanIyakaSAyanokaSAyavedanIyAkhyAstridviSoDaSa navabhedAH samyaktvamithyAtvatadubhayAnikaSAyanokaSAyAnantAnubandhyapratyAkhyAnapratyAkhyAnAvaraNasaMjvalanavikalpAzcaikazaH krodhamAnamAyAlomA hAsyara tyaratizokabhaya-jugupsAstrIpuMnapuMsakavedAH / ta0sU0 8.10 2. neraiya-tirikkhAu maNussAu taheva y| devAuyaM cautthaM tu AukammaM cauvihaM / / u0 33.12 3. aNuppehAeNaMAuyavajjAosatakammapNabaDIoghaNiyabandhaNabaddhAosiDhila bandhaNabaddhAo pakarei / AuyaM ca NaM kammaM siya bandhai, siya no bandhai / u0 26.23 Ayu karma kA bandha sampUrNa Ayu kA tRtIya bhAga zeSa rahane para hotA hai| jaise kisI jIva kI Ayu 66 varSa kI hai to vaha 33 varSa kI Ayu ke zeSa rahane para hI agale bhava ke Ayukarma kA bandha kregaa| yadi usa samaya Ayukarma ke bandha kA nimitta nahIM milegA to vaha jIva avaziSTa Ayu ke tribhAga meM arthAta 11 varSa zeSa rahane para Ayukarma kA bandha kregaa| yadi punaHAyukarma ke bandha kA nimitta nahIM milatA taba vaha jIva avaziSTa Ayu ke tribhAga arthAt 3-2/3 varSa zeSa rahane para Ayukarma kA bandha kregaa| viSabhakSaNa Adi se akAla mRtyu hone para jIva uparyukta niyama kA ullaMghana karake tatkSaNa hI Ayukarma kA bandha kara letA hai| sAmAnyAvasthA isa taraha Ayu karma ke bandha kA nimitta na milane para yaha Ayu ke antima bhAga taka calatA rahegA uparyukta kramAnusAra hI Ayukarma kA bandha hotA hai phira bhI itanA avazya hai ki AyuSkarma kA bandha jIvana meM kevala eka bAra hI hotA hai| isa karma ke bandha hone para jIvana kI Ayu-sImA ghaTa athavA bar3ha bhI sakatI hai parantu narakAdi caturvidharupa se jo Ayukarma kA bandha ho jAtA hai vaha bahuta prayatna karane para bhI nahIM TalatA /

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40 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI 6. nAma karma : jo karma zarIra, indriyAdi kI racanA kA hetu haiM use nAma karma kahate haiN| isake zubha aura azubha ke bheda se prathamataH do bheda mAne gae haiN| phira usake bayAlisa avAntara bheda batalAe gae haiN| ve haiM-gati, jAti, zarIra, aMGgo pAMGga,nirmANa, bandhana,saMghAta,saMsthAna,saMhanana, sparza, rasa,gandha, varNa, AnupUrvI, agurulaghu, upaghAta,paraghAta,Atapa,udyota, ucchavAsa,vihAyogati tathA sAdhAra aura pratyeka, sthAvara aura trasa, durbhaga aura subhaga, duHsvara aura susvara, azubha aura zubha, bAdara aura sUkSma, aparyApta aura paryApta, asthira aura sthira,anAdeya aura Adeya, ayaza aura yaza evaM tIrthaMkaratva / 7. gotra karma : jisa karma ke udaya se ucca athavA nimna jAti, kula Adi kI prApti ho use gotrakarma kahate haiN| isake do bheda kie gae haiM-(1) ucca gotra aura (2) nIca gotr| pratiSThA prApta karAne vAle kula meM janma dilAne vAlA karma ucca gotra aura zakti rahane para bhI pratiSThA na mila sake, aise meM kula meM janma dilAne vAlA karma nIca gotra kahalAtA hai| 8. antarAya karma: jisa karma ke udaya se sabhI kAraNoM ke anukUla rahane para bhI kArya siddha nahIM hotA use antarAya karma kahate haiN| isake pAMca bheda batalAe gaai haiM ve haiM1. dAna, 2. lAbha, 3. bhoga, 4. upabhoga aura 5. vIrya zakti / jo karma kucha bhI dene meM antarAya (vighna) paidA karatA hai vaha dAnAntarAya, jo lene meM antarAya paidA karatA hai vaha lAbhAntarAya, jo kisI vastu (phala Adi) ko eka bAra bhogane meM antarAya paidA karatA hai vaha bhogAntarAya, jo kisI vastu (=vastra Adi) ko bAra-bAra bhogane meM antarAya paidA karatA hai vaha upabhogAntarAya aura jo sAmarthya meM antarAya paidA karatA hai, vaha vIryAntarAya kahalAtA hai| isataraha ATha prakAra ke mUla karmoM tathA unake avAntarabhedoM kA vivecana 1 nAma kammaM tu duvihaM suhamasuhaM ca AhiyaM / u0 33.13 2. de0-tasU0 8.12 3. vistAra ke lie de0- (saMghavI). ta0sU0,pR0 166-200 4. goyaM kammaM duvihaM ucca nIyaM ca AhiyaM / u0 33.14 5. de0-(saMghavI), ta0sU0,pR0 200 6. dANe lAbhe ya bhoge ya uvabhoge vIrie tahA / paMcavihamantarAyaM samAseNa viyAhiyaM / |u0 33.15 7. de0-(saMghavI), ta0sU0, pR0 200 -

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41 arahanta parameSThI kiyA gayA hai| digambara aura zvetAmbara karma-granthoM meM bhUla-karma ke ATha bhedoM meM to koI antara nahIM pAyA jAtA, parantu unake avAntara bhedoM aura unake svarUpa meM kiJcit antara avazya pAyA jAtA haiN| (I) karmakSaya kA kramaH karmoM ke kSaya kA bhI eka vizeSa krama hai| jaba yaha AtmA samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra se sampanna hotA hai taba Asrava se rahita hone ke kAraNa usake navIna karmoM kI santati kaTa jAtI hai tathA jaba yaha AtmA tapa Adi karma-kSaya ke kAraNoM ke dvArA pUrvabaddha karmoM kA kSaya karane lagatA hai taba saMsAra kA bIjabhUta mohanIyakarma pUrNa rUpase kSaya (naSTa) ho jAtA hai| tadanantara antarAya,jJAnAvaraNIya aura darzanAvaraNIya ye tInoM karma bhI eka sAtha nikhila rUpa se naSTa ho jAte haiN| jisa prakAra garbha ke naSTa hone para bAlaka mara jAtA hai usI prakAra mohanIya karma ke naSTa hone para ukta karma bhI svataH kramazaH naSTa ho jAte haiM / aisA karmakSayI AtmA hI sarvajJa, kevalI evaMarahanta kahalAtA hai| (gha) kevalajJAna: arihanta bhagavAn kevalajJAnI hote haiM / yaha kevalajJAna kyA hai ? yahAM kevalajJAna kA svarUpa batalAte hue AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM ki 'kevalI arthAt eka mAtra jJAna kA dhArI, jJAnI mUrta-amUrta 3, cetana-acetana, svajJeya tathA paraMjJeya samasta padArthoM ko dekhane aura jAnane vAlA hotA hai| usakA yaha jJAna atIndriya hai aura pratyakSa hotA hai| AcArya jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ke anusAra kevalajJAna kA eka mAtra vizuddha, ananta evaM asahAya (utpatti meM anya kisI kI sahAyatA se rahita) hotA hai| jJAnAvaraNa kA vilaya tathA usake avAntara bhedoM ke miTa jAne para ekamAtra jJAna aura azuddhi ke aMzamAtra ke bhI usameM na raha jAne se vaha kevalajJAna kahalAtA hai-zuddham-nirmalam sakelAvaraNamakalaMkavigamasambhUtatvAt / / isa jJAna ke viSaya meM AcArya narendra sena likhate haiM ki kevalajJAna ke 1. de0-karmaprakRti, prastAvanA, pR0 23-25 2. de0 ta0sA08.20-25 3. dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya aura jIvAstikAya ye cAra dravya amUrta (arUpI) hai, pudgala mUrta hai |de0-t0suu0 5.3-4 4. muttamamuttaM davaM ceyaNamiyaraM sagaM ca savvaM ca / pecchaMtassa duNANaM paccakkhamaNiMdiyaM hoi / / niyama0, gA0 167 .. 5. kevalamegaM suddhaM sagalamasAhAraNaM aNantaM ca / vizeSa0, gA0, 84 6. vahI, vRti

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42 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI upalabdha hote hI sampUrNa jJAnAvaraNoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai aura isase loka aura aloka prakAzita ho jAte haiN| aisA yaha ekamAtra jJAna kevalajJAna hai| gommaTasAra meM ise aura adhika spaSTa karate hue batalAyA gayA hai ki kevalajJAna sampUrNa, samagra, kevala,pratipakSarahita,sarvapadArthagata aura lokAloka meM andhakArarahita hotA hai saMpuNNaM tu samaggaM kevalasamavattaM svvbhaavgyN| loyAloyavitimiraM, kevalaNANaM muNedavvaM / / 1. sampUrNajJAna : kevalajJAna yaha kevalajJAna samasta padArthoM ko viSaya karane vAlA aura lokAloka ke viSaya meM AvaraNarihata hai tathA jIvadravya kI jJAnazakti ke jitane aMza haiM ve yahAM para pUrNarUpa se vyakta ho jAte haiM, isI se ise sampUrNa jJAna kahA gayA 2. samragajJAna : kevalajJAna mohanIya aura antarAya karma kA sarvathA kSaya ho jAne ke kAraNa vaha apratihata zakti vAlA aura nizcala hai| isI se ise samagrajJAna kahate haiN| 3. kevala : kevalajJAna - kevalajJAna indriyoM kI sahAyatA kI apekSA nahIM rakhatA isalie vaha kevala hai| 4. apratipakSa : kevalajJAna kevalajJAna cAroM ghAtiyA karmoM ke sarvathA kSaya hone se krama, karaNa aura vyavadhAna se rahita hai, phalataH yugapat aura samasta padArthoM ke grahaNa karane meM usakA koI bAdhaka nahIM hai / ataH usako apratipakSa (asapatna) kahA gayA hai| __bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bhI isa viSaya para vizeSa rUpa se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| yahAM batalAyA gayA hai ki cAroM ghAtiyA karmoM ke kSaya ho jAne para vizada kevalajJAnI aura vizuddha kevalajJAnI utpanna hotA hai| vaha kevalajJAnI saba dravyoM ko trikAlagocara saba paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai| isIlie isako sarvaparyAyanibaddha kahA hai| kevalajJAnI kevala eka hai, tathA zuddha, avyAbAdha, sandeharahita, uttama, asaMkucita, sakala, ananta, avinAzI evaM vicitra jJAna 1. lokAlokaprakAzAtmA kevalajJAnamuttamam / . kevalaM jAyate yasmAdazeSAvaraNakSayAt / / siddhAntasArasaMgraha, 2.166 2. go0jI0, gA0 460

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arahanta parameSThI hai| aise isa kevalajJAna se kevalajJAnI tInoM kAloM sahita isa samasta loka aura aloka ko eka sAtha (yugapat) jAnatA hai|' kevala kA artha hai-asahAya / kevalajJAnI indriyoM kI sahAyatA se rahita hai, isI se isakA nAma kevala hai| yaha jJAna rAga Adi mala se rahita hone se zuddha hai | vyAghAta se rahita hai, kisI anya jJAna ke isameM bAdhA na DAlane se yaha avyAbAdha jJAna kahalAtA hai| nizcayAtmaka hone se yaha sandeharahita hotA hai| zrutAdi sabhI anya jJAnoM meM pradhAna hone se yaha uttama hai| saba dravyoM aura paryAyoM meM pravartamAna hone se matijJAna Adi ke viSayoM kI taraha usakA viSaya alpa nahIM hai, tathA eka AtmA meM svayaM hI hone se eka hai / sampUrNa AtmasvarUpa hone se sakala hai| ananta pramANa vAlA hone se ananta hai| yaha kevalajJAna vinAzarahita hone se avinAzI kahalAtA hai evaM vicitra dravya paryAyarUpa se pratibhAsamAna hone se vaha citrapaTa kI taraha vicitra nAnArUpa hai| arahanta bhagavAn Upara varNita kevalajJAna se saMyukta hote haiM / ataH unheM sarvavyApta, sarvadarzI evaM sarvajJa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| (Ga) arahantaH sarvajJa: jainoM ke mata meM karmoM kA nAza karake dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA se sarvathA vizuddha AtmA hI sarvajJa hotA hai| AcArya hemacandra likhate haiM ki jo saba kucha jAnatA hai, rAgAdi doSoM ko jIta cukA hai, tInoM lokoM meM pUjita hai, vastueM jaisI haiM unheM usI prakAra pratipAdita karatA hai, vahI paramezvara arihantadeva srvjnyhai| vaha trikAla aura trilokavartI samasta dravyoM evaM unake samasta paryAyoM ko eka sAtha jAnatA hai| sUkSma, antarita aura dUravartI padArthoM ko jaise hama pRthakjana anumAna se jAnate haiM, vaise hI ve unheM pratyakSa rUpa se 1. tatto NaMtarasamae uppajjadi savvapajjayaNivadhaM / kevalaNANaM suddhaM tadha kevaladasaNaM ceva / / avvAbAdhAdamasadiddhamuttamaM savvado asaMkuDidaM / eyaM sayalamaNaMtaM aNiyattaM kevalaM NANaM / / cittapaDaM va vicittaM tikAlasahidaM tado jagamiNaM so| savvaM jugavaM passadi sabamalogaM ca svvtto|| bhaga0 A0.gA0 2067-66 / / 2. sarvajJo jitraagaadidossstrailokypuujitH| yathAsthitArthavAdI ca devo'rhan paramezvara : / / (hemacandra). yogazAstra, 2.4 / / 3. jaM takkAliyamidaraM jANAdi jugavaM samaMtado savvaM / attha vicittavisamaM taM NANaM khAiyaM bhaNiyaM / / pravacanasAra, 1.47

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44 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI sAkSAtkAra kara lete haiN|' jaina kahate haiM ki AtmA kI aisI avasthA avazya hotI hai, jahAM doSoM aura AvaraNoM kI hAni kA carama prakarSa dRSTigocara hotA hai| jisa prakAra sone ko Aga meM tapAne se usameM mile hue maila ke jala jAne para sonA zuddha ho jAtA hai aura usake svAbhAvika guNa nikhara uThate haiM usI prakAra dhyAnAgni dvArA karmamala ke jala jAne para AtmA bhI vizuddha evaM vizada ho jAtI hai aura apane svAbhAvika guNoM se dedIpyamAna ho uThatI hai| AcArya malliSeNa likhate haiM ki 'jo padArtha eka deza se naSTa ho jAte haiM, unakA pUrNa rUpa se nAza bhI usI prakAra ho jAtA hai jisa prakAra meghoM ke paTaloM kA AMzika vinAza hone se unakA sarvathA vinAza ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra rAga, dveSa, moha Adi kA AMzika vinAza ho jAne para unakA sarvathA vinAza ho jAtA hai| isa taraha AtmA ke samasta doSa evaM AvaraNoM ke naSTa ho jAne para vaha apane svAbhAvika guNoM se prakAzita ho jAtI hai, yahI usakI AtmajJatva, sarvajJatva evaM kaivalya kI avasthA hai| isa taraha se arahanta sarvajJa ke astitva kI pUrNa siddhi hotI hai| AcArya samantabhadra kahate haiM ki 'jisake vacana yukti evaM zAstra ke viruddha na hoM, use nirdoSa mAnane meM kisI ko koI Apatti nahIM ho sakatI arthAt nirdoSa vaktA aura zAstrajJAtA hI sarvajJa hai| AcArya prabhAcandra kA bhI yahI abhimata hai ki koI AtmA sampUrNa padArthoM kA sAkSAtkAra karane vAlA avazya hai kyoMki usakA svabhAva unako grahaNa karane kA hai aura usameM pratibandha ke kAraNa naSTa ho gae haiN| jisa prakAra cakSu kA svabhAva rUpa ko sAkSAtkAra karane kA hai aura rUpa ke sAkSAtkAra karane meM pratibandhaka kAraNoM ke abhAva meM cakSu rUpa kA sAkSAtkAra karatI hai usI prakAra pratibandhaka kAraNoM ke abhAva meM AtmA bhI samasta padArthoM kA sAkSAtkAra karatI hai| 1. sUkSmAntarita-dUrArthAH pratyakSA : ksycidythaa| anumeyatvato'gnyAdiriti srvjny-sNsthitiH|| Apta-mImAMsA, kA05 2. doSA'varaNayorhAniniHzeSa'styatizAyanAt / kvacidyathA svahetubhyo bahirantarmalakSyaH / / vahI, kA0 4 3. dezato nAzino bhAvA dRSTA nikhilanazvarAH / meghapaGktyAdayo yadvat evaM rAgAdayo matAH / / syAdvAdamaMjarI, pR076 4. saH tvamevA'si nirdoSo yukti-zAstrA'virodhavAk / Apta-mImAMsA, kA06 5. sati prakSINapratibandhapratyayatvAt, yad yad grahaNasvabhAvatve sati prakSINapratibandhapratyaya tat tat sAkSAtkAri yathA apagatatimirAdipratibandhaM locanavijJAnaM ruupsaakssaatkaari| prameyakamala mArtaNDa, pR0 255.

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45 arahanta parameSThI AcArya akalaMka deva kI dRSTi meM bhI jaba caitanya ke pratibandhaka karmoM kA pUrNa rUpa se kSaya ho jAtA hai, taba vaha sattva (=vizuddha AtmA) samasta arthoM ko jAnane vAlA bana jAtA hai| yadi usa sarvajJa AtmA ke atIndriya padArthoM kA jJAnana mAnA jAe taba vahasUrya,candraAdijyotirgrahoM kA tathAbhUta-bhaviSyat AdidazAoM kA jJAtA, draSTA evaM vaktA kaise ho sakegA? jyotirjJAna upadeza avisaMvAdI aura yathArtha dekhA jAtA hai| ataH yaha mAnanA hI samucita hai ki usakA yathArtha upadeza atIndriyArtha ke binA nahIM ho sakatA jaise satyasvapna darzana indriyAdi kI sahAyatA ke binA hI bhAvI rAjyalAbha-sukha Adi kA yathArtha spaSTa jJAna karAtA hai tathA vizada hai, usI taraha sarvajJa kA jJAna bhIbhAvI padArthoM meM saMvAdaka aura spaSTa hotA hai| sarvajJa ke astitva kI siddhi meM isa taraha koI bhI bAdhaka pramANa nahIM hai| ataH usakI nirbAdha sattA siddha ho jAtI hai tathA yahI svasvabhAva ko prApta sarvajJa hI tInoM lokoM ke adhipatiyoM dvArA pUjA jAtA huA svayaMbhU bhI kahalAtA hai| ca. arahantaH tIrthakara : yadyapi jainadharma meM tIrthaMkara kI avadhAraNA atyadhika prAcIna hai, phira bhI prAcIna jaina-granthoM ke avalokana se aisA lagatA hai ki isakA eka kramika vikAsa huA hai| AcArAMga prathama zrutaskandha evaM sUtrakRtAMga jaise jainoM ke prAcInatama granthoM meM hameM tIrthaMkara zabda hI nahIM milatA hai| jabaki vahAM arahanta zabda vidyamAna hai| sabase pahale uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM mahAvIra aura pArzva ke vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM dharma-tIrthaMkara zabda prayukta huA hai aura yahAM yaha pada jina tathA arahanta kA paryAyavAcI hai parantu paravartI jaina-vAGmaya meM kucha antara upalabdha hotA hai| arahanta zabda vyApaka hai to tIrthaMkara pada vyApya / arahanta kI bhUmikA meM tIrthaMkara arahanta bhI A jAte haiM aura dUsare saba kevalI arahanta bhii| tIrthaMkara aura kevalI arahantoM meM Atma-vikAsa kI dRSTi se kucha bhI antara nahIM hai| 1. srvaarthgrhsaamrthycaitnyprtibndhinaam| / karmaNAM vigame kasmAt sarvAnarthAnna pazyati / / nyAyavinizcaya, zlo0 3.24 2. dhIratyantaparokSe'rthe na cetpusAM kutaH punaH / jyotirjJAnAvisaMvAdaH zrutAccetsAdhanAntaram / / siddhivinizcayaTIkA, pR0526 3. asti sarvajJaH sunirNItAsambhavadbAdhakapramANatvAt sukhAdivat / vahI, pR.532 4. taha so laddhasahAvo savaNhU sblogpdimhido| bhUdo sayamevAdA havadi sayaMbhu tti NiddiTTho / / pravacanasAra, 1.16 5. jiNe pAse tti nAmeNa arahA logpuuio| saMbuddhappA ya savvannU dhammatitthayare jiNe / / u0 23.1 tathA de023.5

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46 'jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI sabhI arahanta antaraMga meM samAna bhUmikA para hote haiN| sabhI kA jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura vIrya samAna hI hotA hai| saba ke saba arahanta kSINamoha guNasthAna pAra karane para sayogakevalI guNasthAna meM pUrNa vItarAgI hote haiN| koI bhInyUnAdhika nahIM hotA kyoMki kSAyikabhAva meM koI taratamatA nahIM hotI hai| arahanta pada para pahuMce hue vyakti jaba caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA karate haiM aura dharma-dezanA karate haiM taba ve hI tIrthaMkara kahe jAte haiN| sabhI tIrthaMkara kevalI aura arahanta hote haiM parantu sabhI kevalI arahanta tIrthaMkara hoM, so aisA nahIM hai| tIrthaMkara eka samaya meM eka hI hotA hai jabaki kevalI eka arahanta tIrthaMkara ke samaya meM aneka ho sakate haiN| tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha' ke samaya meM 1000 tathA mahAvIra ke samaya meM 700 kevalI arahanta the| jainendra siddhAntakoSa meM varNita haiM ki ve arahanta jinake vizeSa puNya ke kAraNa kalyANaka mahotsavamanAe jAte haiM, tIrthaMkara kahalAte haiN| zeSa sAmAnya arahanta hote haiN| kevalajJAnI arthAt sarvajJatva se yukta hone ke kAraNa unheM hI kevalI kahate haiN| AcArya haribhadrasUritIrthaMkara aura sAmAnya kevalI ke AdarzoM ke AdhAra para unameM antara batalAte hue kahate haiM ki 'jo karUNA se yukta haiM, jo parArtha ko hI apane jIvana kA lakSya banAte haiM, sattvoM ke kalyANa kI kAmanA hI jisakA ekamAtra kartavya hai aura jo apanI AdhyAtmika pUrNatA ko prApta karane ke pazcAt hI sattvahita ke lie dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA karatA hai,vaha tIrthaMkara kahalAtA hai parantu jo sAdhaka Atma kalyANa ko hI apanA lakSya banAtA hai aura isI AdhAra para sAdhanA karate hue AdhyAtmika paripUrNatA hAsila karatA hai, vaha sAmAnya kevalI kahA jAtA hai / jainoM kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM use muNDakevalI bhI kahate haiM / upAdhyAya amaramuni tIrthaMkara aura arahanta meM bheda spaSTa karate hue bar3e hI sarala zabdoM meM likhate haiM ki aneka lokopakArI siddhiyoM ke svAmI tIrthaMkara oc Ww 1. de0 samavAo, prakIrNaka sUtra 62 2. vahI, sUtra 38 3. de0 jainendra siddhAntakoSa, bhAga-1, pR0140, bhAga-2, pR0157 4. karuNAdiguNopetaH, parArthavyasanI sdaa| tathaiva ceSTate dhImAn, vardhamAna mahodayaH / / tattatkalyANabhogena kurvansattvArthameva saH / tIrthakRtvamavApnoti, paraM sattvArthasAdhanam / / yogabindu, 287-88 saMvigno bhavanirvedAdAtmani saraNaM tu yaH / AtmArthaM sampravRtto'sau sadA syAnmuNDakevalI / / vahI, 286

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arahanta parameSThI hote haiM, jabaki dUsare mukta hone vAle AtmA aise nahIM hote arthAt na to ve tIrthaMkara jaise mahAna dharma-pracAraka hI hote haiM aura na hI ve itanI alaukika yoga-siddhiyoM ke svAmI hI hote haiM / sAdhAraNa mukta jIva apanA Atmika vikAsa kA lakSya avazya prApta kara lete haiM, parantu janatA para apanA cirasthAyI evaM akSuNNa AdhyAtmika prabhutva nahIM jamA pAte / yahI eka vizeSatA hai jo tIrthaMkara aura anya mukta AtmAoM meM bheda karatI haiN|' . isa prakAra arahanta aura tIrthaMkara meM antara kevala itanA hI hai ki arahanta svayaM apanI hI mukti kI kAmanA karate haiM aura tIrthaMkara svayaM saMsAra-sAgara se pAra hone ke sAtha-sAtha dUsaroM ko bhI pAra lagAte haiM parantu AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI pUrNatA kI dRSTi se ve eka samAna hI hote haiN| 1. tIrthaGkara : tIrthakara do zabdoM ke mela se banA hai-tIrtha aura kara / tIrtha zabda 'tR' dhAtu se 'thak pratyaya ke lagAe jAne para niSpanna hotA hai| isa zabda kI vyutpati vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se isa prakAra hai-'tIryate anena iti tIrtham' arthAta jisake dvArA athavA jisake AdhAra se tarA yA tairA jAe, vaha 'tIrtha hai| tairane kI kriyA do prakAra se hotI hai| eka to jalAzaya meM bhare hue pAnI ko pAra karane se aura dUsarI saMsArarUpIsAgara ko tairane se| ina donoM kriyAoM meM se prathama kriyA jisa sthAna se hotI hai use laukika 'tIrtha' kahate haiM jabaki dvitIyA kriyA jisake Azraya se athavA jisa sthAna se hotI hai, uselokottara 'tIrtha' kahate haiN| loka vyavahAra meM 'tIrtha' zabda pavitra sthAna, siddha kSetra athavA nadI yA sarovara ke taTavartI ghATa athavA samudra meM Thaharane ke sthAna ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai, parantu vartamAna sandarbha meM 'tIrtha' kA sambandha lokotara tIrtha se hI hai| jaina zAstroM meM tIrtha zabda kA artha isa prakAra milatA hai jo isa saMsAra samudra se pAra kare, vaha 'tIrtha' hai athavA yaha saMsAra rUpI samudra, jisa nimita se tairA jAe, vaha tIrtha hai| saMsAro dvAdazAGgazruta kA Azraya lekarabhavasAgara se pAra hote haiM / ataeva vahadvAdazAMgazruta hI 'tIrtha' hai| AcArya dhanaJjaya kA bhI yahI abhimata hai| zrI yogIndu ke anusAra to AtmA - - 1. de0 jainatva kI jhAMkI, pR053 2. saMsArAbdhe parasya taraNe tIrthamiSyate / Adi0 4.8 3. tIryate saMsArasAgaro yena tattIrthaM dvAdazAMgazAstraM tatkaroti / jinasahasranAma, svopajJavRtti, 4.37 4. tIrthaM dvAdazADgazAstram / dhanaJjaya nAmamAlA, zloka 116 bhASya

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48 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI hI 'tIrtha' hai jisameM snAna kie binA koI bhI jIva saMsAra ke duHkhoM se mukta nahIM ho sktaa| sIdhe arthoM meM yoM kahA jA sakatA hai ki tIrtha kA artha pula yA setu hai| kitanI hI bar3I nadI kyoM na ho, setu dvArA nirbala se nirbala vyakti bhI use sugamatA se pAra kara sakatA hai| isa prakAra ke 'tIrtha ke karane vAle ko hI 'tIrthaMkara' kahate haiN| tIrtha zabda se abhiprAya sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka evaM zrAvikA rUpa caturvidha saMgha se bhI liyA jAtA hai| ukta caturvidha saMgha ke vyavasthApaka tIrthaMkara hI hote haiN| ina cAroM ke sAmUhika prayAsa se hI saMsAra mahAsAgara pAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| 2. tIrthakara paramparAH jaina paramparAnusAra kAlacakra do bhAgoM-avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNI meM vibhakta hai| pratyeka meM chaha Are hote haiN| abhI avasarpiNI kAla cala rahA hai| isake pUrva utsarpiNI kAla thA avasarpiNI ke samApta hone para punaH utsarpiNI kAlacakra zurU hogaa| isa taraha se kAlacakra calatA rahatA hai|" avasarpiNI kAla meM manuSya evaM tiryaJcoM kI Ayu, zarIra kI UMcAI aura vibhUti ityAdi sabhIbhAva ghaTate haiM tathA utsarpiNI kAla me bar3hate rahate haiM: kintu donoM hI kAloM meM tIrthaMkaroM kA janma hotA hai| pratyeka kAla meM inakI saMkhyA 24 hI mAnI gaI hai| prastuta avasarpiNI kAla meM jo 24 tIrthaMkara ho cuke haiM ve isa prakAra haiN| 1. aNNu ji titthu ma jAhi jiya aNNu ji guruuma sevi| aNNu ji deu ma ciMti tuhuM appA vimalu muevi|| paramAtma0 1.65 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, khaNDa-1, pR04 3. tIrthaMkaraH tIrthaMkara / jinasahasranAma svopajJavRti 4.47 4. tithyaM puNa cAuvaNNe samaNasaMghe,taM jahA-samaNA, samaNIo, sAvayA sAviyAo / bhaga0 20.74 5. dhammatitthayare jiNe ; u0 23.1,5 6. chaha Are-suSamasuSamA, suSamA, suSamaduSSamA, duSSamasuSamA, duSamA aura atiduSamA / ye avasarpiNI kAla ke chaha Are haiN| utsarpiNI kAla meM inakA krama viparIta hotA hai| de0-tiloya04.316 -16 7. de0-(balabhadra) jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa, bhA' .-1, pR027 8. NaratiriyANaM AU ucchehavibhUdiphudiyaM svvN| avvasappiNie hAyadi ussavappiyAsu vddddhedi|| tiloya0 4.314 6. bhaga0 20.67

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arahanta parameSThI 1. RSabhanAtha 2. ajitanAtha 3. saMbhavanAtha 4. abhinandana nAtha 5. sumatinAtha 6. padmaprabha 7. supArzvanAtha 8. candraprabha 6. suvidhinAtha 10. zItalanAtha 11. zreyAMsanAtha 12. vAsupUjya 13. dimalanAtha 14. anantanAtha 15. dharmanAtha 16. zAntinAtha 17. kunthunAya 18. aranAtha 16. mallinAtha 20. munisuvratanAtha 21. naminAtha 22. ariSTanemi 23. pArzvanAtha aura 24. varddhana (mahAvIra) 3 tIrthakara pada aura usakI prApti kI kAraNa bhAvanAeM tathA mIsa sthAnaka : yaha bAta pahale hI spaSTa ho cukI haiM ki jo arahanta tIrtha kI sthApa.. karake dharmopadeza bhI dete haiM-ve tIrthaMkara kahalAte haiN| yahAM para yaha zaMkA sakatI hai ki 'jaba ve kRtakRtya evaM vItarAma haiM aura unheM aba kucha bhI karane kI icchA nahIM rahI, taba ve upadezabhI kisa kAraNa se dete haiM?: zaMkA kA parihAra karate hue AcArya umAsvAti kahate haiM ki "jJAnAvaraNa a ATha karmoM meM eka nAmakarma bhI hai| usI kA eka bheda tIrthaMkaranAmakarma hai .sakA yahI phala hai ki usake uda hone para bhavya AtmA (tIrthaMkara) kRtaka hokara bhI mokSamArga kA pravartana karatA hai jisa kAra sUrya apane svabhAva se hI loka ko kAzita karatA hai, esa) prakAra tIrthaMkara nAmakarma kA bhI yaha svabhAva hai ki usake udaya se tI::: pravartana hotA hai| ataeva usake udaya ke adhIna hue / 'haMta sUrya ke samAya meM tIrthaMkaroM kI vistRta jAnakArI ke lie dekhie----- (.saMha gaur3a). jaina dharma kA sazina itihAsa, pR0 18-252, tathA tIrthaMkara buddha aura atA pR0 60-65 2. tIrthapravartanaphalaM yatproktaM karma tIrthaMkaranAma : tasyodayAtkRtArtho'pyahastIya prvrtyti|| tatvArthAdhigamasUtra, sambana kA 6

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50 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI tIrthaMkara pada kI prApti ke lie pUrva janmoM meM viziSTa sAdhanA karanI hotI hai | usa sAdhanA se tIrthaMkara nAmakarma kA Asrava hotA hai| tIrthaMkara nAmakarma ke Asrava ke solaha kAraNa batalAe gae haiM jo solahakAraNabhAvanAoM ke nAma se prasiddha haiM / ve kAraNa bhAvanAeM isa prakAra haiN| 1. darzanavizuddhi: vItarAgakathita tattvoM meM nirmala aura dRr3ha ruci darzanavizuddhi hai| 2. vinayasampannatA : jJAnAdi mokSamArga aura usake sAdhanoM ke prati samucita AdarabhAva vinayasampannatA kahalAtI hai| 3. zIlavatAnaticAra : ahiMsA, satya Adi mUlavrata tathA unake pAlana meM upayogIabhigraha Adi dUsare niyama yA zIla ke pAlana meM pramAda na karanA zIlavatAnaticAra kahalAtA hai| 4. abhIkSaNajJAnopayoga : tattvaviSayaka jJAna meM sadA jAgRta rahanA abhIkSaNajJAnopayoga hai| 5. abhIkSaNa-saMvega : sAMsArika bhogoM se jo vAstava meM sukha ke sthAna para duHkha ke hI sAdhana banate haiM, Darate rahanA arthAt kabhI bhI lAlaca meM na par3anA abhIkSaNa-saMvega hai| 6. yathAzakti tyAga: apanIalpatamazakti ko bhI chipAe binA vivekapUrvakAhAradAna,abhayadAna aura jJAnadAna Adi karate rahanA yathAzakti tyAga kahA jAtA hai! 7. yathAzakti tapa: aise hI zakti ko chipAe binA vivekapUrvaka hara taraha kI sahanazIlatA kA abhyAsa yathAzakti tapa kahalAtA hai| 1. tatsvabhAvyAdeva prakAzayati bhAskaro yathAlokam / tIrthapravartanAya pravartate tIrthaMkara evam / / tattvArthAdhigamasUtra, sambandha kA0 10 2. darzanavizuddhivinayasampannatA zIlavrateSvanaticArA'bhIkSNaMjJAnopayogasaMvego zaktistyAgatapasI saGghasAdhusamAdhivaiyAvRttyakaraNamarhadAcAryabahuzrutapravacanabhakti rAvazyakaparihANirmArgaprabhAvanA pravacanavatsalatvamiti tIrthaMkaratvasya / ta0sU06.23

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51 arahanta parameSThI 8. saMghasAdhusamAdhikaraNa : caturvidha saMghaaura vizeSakara sAdhuoM ko samAdhi pahuMcAnA arthAt aisA karanA jisase ve tana, mana se svastha raheM vahI saMghasAdhu samAdhikaraNa hai| 6. vaiyAvRtyakaraNa : koI bhI guNI yadi kaThinAI meM par3a jAe to usa samaya yogya DhaMga se usakI kaThinAI dUra karane kA prayatna karanA vaiyyAvRtyakaraNa hai| 10-13. catuH bhakti : arihanta,AcArya, bahuzrutaaurazAstra-inacAroM meM zuddha niSThApUrvaka anurAga rakhanA catuHbhakti kahalAtI hai| 14. AvazyakAparihANi : sAmayika Adi SaDAvazyakoM ke anuSThAna ko bhAva se na chor3anA AvazyakAparihANi hai| 15. mokSamArga prabhAvanA : abhimAna ko tyAga kara jJAna Adi mokSamArga ko jIvana meM utAranA tathA dUsaroM ko usakA upadeza dekara prabhAva bar3hAnA mokSamArga prabhAvanA batalAyI gayI haiM 16. pravacanavatsalya : jaise gAya bachar3e para sneha rakhatI hai vaise hI sahadharmiyoM para niSkAma sneha rakhanA pravacanavatsalya hai|' kucha zAstroM meM tIrthakara nAmakarma ke upArjana hetu nimnabIsa sAdhanAoM (sthAnakoM) ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai 1-7.arihanta, siddha, pravacana, guru, sthavira, bahuzruta evaMtapasvI-bhakti 1. vistAra ke lie deM-ta0vR06.24 tathA (saMghavI) ta0sU0 pR0 162-63 2. imehi ya NaM bIsAehi ya kAraNehiM Aseviya bahulIkaehiM tittharanAmagoyaM kammaM nivvattisuM.taMjahAarahaMta, siddha, pavayaNa, guru,thera,bahussue, tvssiisuN| vacchallayAi tesiM abhikkhaNaNANovaoge y|| dasaMNa, viNae, Avassae ya, sIlavvae niraiyAraM / khaNalava, tavacciyAe, veyAvacce, samAhI ya / / apuvvaNANagahaNe, suyabhattI, payayaNe pbhaavnnyaa| eaihiM kAraNehiM titthayarattaM lahai jiivo|| jJAtA085

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jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI , jJAnopayoga 6. vizuddhi 10. di.yasampannatA 11 AvazyakAparihANi 12. zIlavatAnaticAra 13. kSa--lava (abhIkSaNa-saMvega) 14. yathAzakti tapa 15. yathAzakti tyAga 16. vaiyAvRtya karaNa 17. saMma--sAdhu-samAdhikaraNa 18. apUrva jJAna--navIna jJAna arthAt jJAna se heya, jJeya aura upAdeya ke - svarUpa ko yathArtha ke rUpa se jaannaa| 16. zrutabhakti 20. pravacana prabhAvanA arthAt arahanta bhagavAn dvArA upadiSTa pravacanoM kA bAra-bAra svayaM svAdhyAya karake apane hRdaya meM anuprekSApUrvaka use sthApita karanA aura sAtha-sAtha anya bhavya AtmAoM ko bhI pramAdarahita hokara zAstravihita upadeza sunAkara unake hRdaya meM usakA prabhAva sthApita krnaa| solaha kAraNa bhAvanAoM tathA bIsa sthAnakoM meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM hai| siddhabhakti kA arahanta bhakti meM,sthavira tathA tapasvIbhakti kA bahuzrutabhakti meM eMva apUrvajJAna kA abhIkSaNa jJAnopayoga me antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| tIrthaMkara nAmakarma kA bandha manuSyagati meM hI hotA hai, cAhe vaha strI ho, puruSa ho yA napuMsaka ho-inameM se koI bhI ho, yadi vaha zubha lezyA' vAlA hai, aura vizaMti sthAna ko usane acchI prakAra punaH punaH Asevana kiyA hai athavA ina bIsa sthAnoM meM se eka, do, tIna Adi sthAnoM kA sevana kara unheM usane atyanta puSTa kara liyA hai, to vaha tIrthaMkara nAmakarma kA bandha karatA hai| jisa bhava meM vaha tIrthaMkara nAmakarma kA bandha karatA hai,usakA vaha prathama bhAva hotA hai, 1. jisake dvArA jIva apane ko puNya aura pApa se lipta kare, use lezyA kahate haiM / kRSNa, nIla, kApota ye tIna azubha tathA pIta, padma evaM zukla ye tIna zubha lezyAeM hotI haiN| vistRta jAnakArI ke lie de0-go0jI0, gA0 486-552

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53 arahanta parameSThI usake bAda vaha marakara dUsare bhava meM yA to devaparyAya meM jAtA hai yA narakaparyAya meM-vaha usakA dUsarA bhava hotA hai, vahAM se nikala kara phira vaha manuSya bhava meM AtA hai-vaha usakA tIsarA bhava hotA hai| isa bhava meM vaha tIrthaMkara hokara sAmayika prarUpaNA Adi dvArA tIrthaMkara nAmakarma kA kSaya karake siddha ho jAtA 4. tIrthakara kI mAtA ke svapna : deva ho yA nArakI athavA manuSya hI kyoM na ho, vaha jaba apanI Ayu pUrNa kara tIrthaMkaratva kI prApti hetu mAtA ke garbha meM praveza karatA hai to usase pUrva rAtri meM mAtA ko 14 athavA 16 svapna dikhAI par3ate haiM aura ve svapna haiM-(1) sapheda hAthI, (2)sulakSaNa ujalA baila (vRSabha), (3) saumya siMha,(4)zubhaabhiSeka, (5) manamohinI mAlA, (6) candra, (7) sUrya, (8) sundara patAkA, (6)zuddha jala se pUrNa tathA kamala ke gucchoM se zobhAyamAna kalaza (10) kamala se suzobhita sarovara, (11) kSIra sAgara, (12) devavimAna, (13) ratnarAzi, aura (14) nidhUma agnishikhaa| ina 14 svapnoM kI mAnyatA zvetAmbara AmnAya meM milatI hai tathA digambaroM kI mAnyatA kucha aura inase bhinnatA rakhatI hai| ve garbha meM Ane vAle tIrthaMkara kI mAtA ko 16 svapna batalAte haiN| inake anusAra ve svapna haiM-(1) sapheda hAthI, (2) vRSabharAja, (3) mRgarAja, (4) kamalAsana para suzobhita lakSmI, (5) do puSpamAlAeM, (6) kalAyukta candramA, (7) udita hotA huA sUrya, (8) jala se bhare hue do svarNa kalaza, (6) jalakrIr3A karatI huI do machaliyAM, (10) divya sarovara, (11) kSIra sAgara, (12) divya siMhAsana, (13) devavimAna (14) dharaNendra kA vimAna, (15) ratnarAzi aura (16) nirdhUma agnishikhaa|' uparyukta svapna tIrthaMkara kImAtAhIdekhatI hai| sAmAnya arahanta (kevalI) kI mAtA ko ye vilakSaNa svapna nahIM dikhAI dete haiN| yahI tIrthaMkara arahanta tathA kevalI arahanta ke svarUpa meM eka vizeSa bhinnatA hai| 5-tIrthakaroM ke paMca kalyANaka : tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana meM pAMca prasaMga atyanta mahatvapUrNa arthAt paramakalyANakArI mAne jAte haiM / ye prasaMga jaina jagat meM paMcakalyANaka ke nAma se jAne jAte haiM | ve paMcakalyANaka nimna haiM -- 1. de0-anuyogadvArasUtra, sU0 248 TIkA, pR0783-85 2. kalpasUtra 5 3. de0-vIravardhamAnacarita, zlo0 7.61-68 tathA Adi0 12.105-116 4. (ka) paMca mahAkallANA savvesiM jiNANaM havaMti niymenn| (haribhadra) paMcAsaka, 424 (kha) jassa kammasudaeNa jIvo paMcamahAkallANANi pAvidUNa titthaM duvAlasaMgaM kuNaditaM titthayaraNAmaM / dhavalA TIkA, pustaka 13.pR0 366

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54 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI 1-garbhakalyANakaH tIrthaMkara jaba bhI mAtA ke garbha meM avatarita hote hai| taba devatA aura munaSya milakara unake garbhAvataraNa kA mahotsava manAte haiM / ' 2-janmakalyANaka: jaba tIrthaMkara kA janma hotA hai, taba svarga ke deva aura saudharma indra pRthvI para Akara tIrthaMkara kA janma kalyANaka mahotsava manAte haiM aura meru parvata para le jAkara vahAM ve unakA janmAbhiSeka karate haiN| 3. dIkSA kalyANaka: tIrthaMkara ke dIkSAkAla ke samIpa hone para deva unase pravrajyA lene kI prArthanA karate haiM / unake dIkSA lene ke pUrva deva apAra dhanarAzi unake koSAgAra meM lAkara DAla dete haiM jisase ve dIkSita bhavya sattva pratidina eka karor3a bAvana lAkha svarNa mudrAoM kA dAna karate haiM / dIkSA ke dina devarAja indra apane devamaMDala ke sAtha Akara unakA abhiniSkramaNa mahotsava manAte haiM / unheM eka vizeSa pAlakI meM Arur3ha karAkara vanasthala kI ora le jAyA jAtA hai, jahAM ve apane vastra aura AbhUSaNoM kA tyAga kara dete haiM tathA paMcamuSThi loMca karake dIkSita ho jAte haiM / tIrthakara hone vAle bhavyasattva svayaM hI dIkSita hote haiM, kisI guru ke samIpa ve nahIM jAte / 3 4. kaivalyakalyANaka : jaba ve apanI kaThora sAdhanA ke dvArA kevalajJAna prApta kara lete haiM usa. samaya bhI devagaNa Akara unakA kaivalya mahotsava manAte haiM / ve usa samaya kevalI tIrthaMkara ke lie eka viziSTa samavasaraNa (dharmasabhA-sthala) kI racanA karate haiM, jisameM upasthita hokara arahanta tIrthakara loka-kalyANa ke lie dharmamArga kA pravartana karate haiM / 5.nirvANakalyANaka: jaba ve tIrthakara samasta karmoM kA kSaya karake parinirvANa ko prApta karate haiM taba bhI indra devoM sahita unakA dAha saMskAra kara parinirvANa mahotsava manAte haiM / ina uparyukta pAMcoM kalyANakoM ko vizeSa parva mAnakara jaina loga usa tithi ko viziSTa bhakti-bhAvapUrvaka tIrthaMkara kI upAsanA karate haiM tathA tapa, 1. kalpasUtra, 15-71 2. vahI, 66 3. vahI, 110-114 4. vahI, 111 5. vahI, 124

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paramaSThI arahanta parameSThI saMyama Adi guNoM kA vardhana karate hue apane AtmakalyANa meM vRddhi karate haiM / 6-aSTAdazadoSarahita tIrthaMkara : mohanIya,jJAnAvaraNIya,darzanAvaraNIya aura antarAya-ina cAra ghAtiyA karmoM ke kSaya karane ke kAraNa tIrthaMkara aThAraha doSoM se bhI rahita hote haiM / mohanIyakarma ke kSaya se mithyAtva, rAga, dveSa, avirati, kAmavAsanA, hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya aura jugupsA ye gyAraha doSa dUra ho jAte haiM | nidrA darzanAvaraNIya karma ke kSaya se tathA ajJAna jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSaya se vinaSTa ho jAtA hai / dAnAntarAya, lAbhAntarAya, bhogAntarAya, upabhogAntarAya evaM vIryAntarAya ye pAMca antarAya karma ke kSaya se naSTa ho jAte haiM / isa prakAra arahanta bhagavAn aThAraha doSoM se rahita hote hai| zvetAmbara jaina tIrthaMkara ko kucha bhinna aThAraha doSoM se rahita mAnate hai, vedoSa haiM--1.hiMsA,2-mRSAvAda,3-corI,4-kAmakrIr3A,5-hAsya,6-rati, 7-arati, 8-zoka,6-bhaya, 10-krodha, 11-mAna, 12-mAyA, 13-lobha, 14-mada, 15-matsara, 16-ajJAna, 17-nidrA aura 18-prema / 2 eka dUsare sthAna para digambara paramparA meM unheM nimna aThAraha doSoM se rahita mAnA gayA haiM ve haiM -- (1) kSudhA, (2) tRSA, (3) bhaya, (4) krodha, (5) rAga, (6) moha, (7) cintA, (8) jarA, (6) roga, (10) mRtyu, (11) sveda, (12) kheda, (13) mada, (14) rati, (15) vismaya, (16)nidrA, (17) janmaaura (18) udvega (arti)|' ina donoM paramparAoM meM tIrthaMkara ko jina doSoM se rahita mAnA gayA hai unameM mUlabhUta antara yahI hai ki jahAM digambara paramparA tIrthaMkara meM kSudhA aura tRSA kAabhAva mAnatI hai vahAM zvetAmbara paramparA aisA nahIM mAnatI hai kAraNa ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM kevalI kA kavalAhAra (bhojana-grahaNa) svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, digambara paramparA jise svIkAra nahIM karatI / anya bAtoM kI dRSTi se donoM hI paramparAoM meM lagabhaga samAnatA hai / jaise - 1. antarAyA dAna-lAbha, vIrya-bhogopabhogAH / hAso ratyaratI bhItirjugupsAzoka eva c|| kAmo mithyAtvamajJAnaM nidrA caavirtistthaa| rAgo dveSazca no doSasteSAmaSTAdazA'pyamI / / abhidhAna cintAmaNi, 1.72-73 2. hiMsA''itigaM kIlA, hAsA''ipaMcagaM ca cuksaayaa| mayamacchara annANA,nidyA pimmaM iavadosA ||abhidhaanraajendrkoss,bhaag-4, pR02248 3 chuhataNhabhIruroso rAgo mohociMtA jarA rujAmiccU / sedaM kheda mado rai vimhiyaNiddA jnnulego| niyama0, gA06 4. bhuGkte na kevalI na strI mokSameti digambaraH / prAhureSAmayaM bhedo mahAn zvetAmbaraiH saha / / jinadattasUri, uddhRta, bhAratIya darzana, (baladeva). pR063

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jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI a) chayAlIsa guNasampanna tIrthaMkara : pratyeka tIrthaMkara kevalI evaM sarvajJa to hotA hI hai / isake atirikta usameM aura bhI guNa hote haiM ve haiM -- ananta catuSTaya aura aSTamahAprAtihArya ye bAraha mUlaguNa tathA cauMtIsa atizaya / isa prakAra tIrthaMkara bhagavAn 46 guNoM se sampanna hote haiM / (A) ananta catuSTaya : tIrthaMkara deva ananta jJAna, anantadarzana, anantavIrya aura anantasukha se samRddha hote haiM / arahanta bhagavAn ina guNoM meM hI ramaNa karate haiM kintu ghAtiyA karma ina guNoM ke bAdhaka haiM / ata eva ghAtiyA karmoM kA vinAza honA atyanta Avazyaka hai kAraNa ki inake naSTa hote hI jIva meM ina guNoM kA sadbhAva ho jAtA hai / (i) aSTamahAprAtihArya : tIrthaMkara bhagavAn devapradatta aSTamahAprAtihAryoM se bhI sampanna hote haiM / pUjyatva prakaTa karane vAlI jo sAmagrI pratihArI kI bhAMti sadaiva bhagavAn ke sAtha rahe, vaha hI prAtihArya hai / adbhutatA athavA divyatA se yukta hone ke kAraNa inheM mahApratihArya kahate haiM / vaha sAmagrI ATha prakAra kI hotI hai, isI se ise aSTamahAprAtihArya kahA jAtA hai / ye isa prakAra haiM 2 1- azoka vRkSa : tIrthaMkara bhagavAn bhUmaNDala ko pAvana karate hue jahAM dharmopadeza dene ke lie baiThate yA khar3e hote haiM, vahAM unake zarIra se dvAdaza guNe UMce ati sundara azoka vRkSa kI racanA ho jAtI hai jise dekhate hI bhavya prANiyoM kA zoka dUra ho jAtA hai / 2. surapuSpavRSTi : jisa sthAna para tIrthaMkara kA samavasaraNa hotA hai, vahAM eka yojana taka devagaNa vividha varNoM vAle manohara sugandhita puSpoM kI varSA karate haiM | 3. divyadhvani : tIrthaMkara ke zrImukha se sarvabhASA meM pariNata hone vAlI ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM sarvaguNasampanna evaM yojanagAminI divyadhvani nikalatI hai, jise sunakara sabhI prANI apanI-apanIbhASA meM usake bhAva ko spaSTa rUpa se samajha lete haiN| 1. jJAnadRgvIryasaukhyADhyaH so'rhan dharmopadezakaH / paMcAdhyAyI, 2.607 2. de0-tiloya0 4.6 15-627

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parahanta parameSThI 4. caMvara : tIrthaMkara bhagavAn ke donoM ora zveta caMvara DulAe jAte haiN| 5. siMhAsana : jahAM-jahAM bhagavAn padhArate haiM vahAM-vahAM pahale se hI azoka vRkSa ke nIce sphaTika maNi ke bane hue eka pAdapITha vAle siMhAsana kI racanA kI jAtI hai jisa para bhagavAn pabhAsana meM baiThakara saddharmopadeza dete haiN| 6. bhAmaNDala: tIrthaMkara ke mastaka ke kucha pIche eka bhAmaNDala hotA hai jo sUryamaNDala ke samAna prakAzamAna hotA hai tathA jisase dazoM dizAoM kA andhakAra vinaSTa ho jAtA hai| 7. devadundubhi : jisa sthAna para tIrthakara bhagavAn virAjamAna hote haiM, vahAM devagaNa dundubhi bajA-bajA kara udghoSaNA karate haiM jise suna kara bhavya prANI vahAM Akara bhagavAn ke upadeza ko sunakara apanA kalyANa karate haiN| 8. zveta Atapatra, chatra evaM caMvara : devagaNa sadaiva tIrthaMkara bhagavAn ke sira para tIna chatra dhAraNa kara rakhate haiN| ve hI deva bhagavAn ko donoM ora se caMvara DulAe rakhate haiN| ina sabase yaha sUcita hotA hai ki ve bhagavAn zrI hI trailokya ke svAmI haiN| (ga) cauMtIsa atizaya : samavAyAMga sUtra meM tIrthaMkara ke nimna 34 atizaya batalAe gae haiM 1. tIrthaMkaroM ke sira ke bAla, dAr3hI mUcha evaM roma aura nakha nahIM bar3hate, ve sadaiva eka hI sthiti meM rahate haiN| 2. unakA zarIra sadaiva roga tathA mala se rahita hotA hai| 3. unakA mAMsa tathA khUna gAya ke dUdha ke samAna zveta varNa kA hotA hai| 4. unakA zvAsocchavAsa nIla kamala ke samAna sugandhita hotA hai| 5. unakA AhAra aura nIhAra dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| 6. unake Age-Age AkAza meM dharmacakra calatA hai| 1. samavAo, 34.1

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* 58 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI 7. unake Upara Akazagata chatra hotA hai| 8. unake donoM ora zveta caMvara Dulate haiN| 6. unake AkAza jaisA svaccha, sphaTika maNi se banA huA pAdapITha sahita siMhAsana hotA hai| 10. unake Age-Age AkAza meM hajAroM laghu patAkAoM se suzobhita indradhvaja calatA hai| 11. jahAM-jahAM bhagavAn Thaharate haiM athavA baiThate haiM, vahAM-vahAM usI samaya patra, puSpa aura pallava se sugandhita, chatra, dhvajA, ghaNTA aura patAkA sahita azoka vRkSa utpanna ho jAtA hai| 12. unake mastaka ke kucha pIche dazoM dizAoM ko prakAzita karane vAlA bhAmaNDala hotA hai| 13. unake pAMvoM ke nIce kA bhUbhAga samatala aura ramaNIya hotA hai| 14. kaNTaka adhomukha ho jAte haiN| 15. RtueM anukUla aura sukhadAyI ho jAtI haiN| 16. zItala, sundara aura sugandhita vAyuyojana' pramANabhUmi kA cAroM ora se pramArjana karatI hai| 17. choTI phuhAra vAlI varSA dvArA raja aura reNu kA zamana ho jAtA hai| 18. paMcavarNa vAlA sundara puSpa-samudAya prakaTa ho jAtA hai| 16. amanojJa zabda sparza, rUpa, rasa aura gandha kA abhAva ho jAtA haiN| 20. manojha zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa, aura gandha kA pradurbhAva ho jAtA hai| 21. pravacanakAla meM unakA svara hRdayaMgama aura yojanagAmI hotA hai| 22. bhagavAn ardhabhAgadhI bhASA meM dharma kA vyAkhyAna karate haiN| 23. vaha bhASyamANa ardhamAgadhI bhASA sunane vAle Arya, anArya, dvipada, catuSpada Adi samasta prANiyoM kI bhASA meM parivartita ho jAtI hai| 1. eka yojana kA pramANa cAra kosa hotA hai| de0-tiloya0 1.116

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arahanta parameSThI 24. pUrvabaddha vaira vAle deva, asura, nAga, yakSa, gandharva Adi bhagavAn ke pAdamUla meM prazAntacitta hokara dharmazravaNa karate haiN| 25. anya tIrtha vAle prAvacanika vidvAn, bhI bhagavAn ko namaskAra karate haiN| 26. anya tIrtha vAle vidvAn bhagavAn ke pAdamUla meM Akara nirUttara ho jAte haiN| 27. bhagavAn jahAM-jahAM vihAra karate hai, vahAM-vahAM paccIsa yojana taka ItiarthAt dhAnya ko naSTa karane vAle cUhe AdiprANiyoM kI utpatti nahIM hotI aura bhIti arthAt bhaya bhI nahIM hotaa| 28. mahAmArI (saMkrAmaka bImAriyAM) nahIM hotii| 26. apanI senA upadrava nahIM krtii| 30. dUsare rAjA kI senA bhI upadrava nahIM krtii| 31. ativRSTi nahIM hotii| 32. anAvRSTi nahIM hotii| 33. akAla nahIM pdd'taa| 34. bhagavAn ke vihAra se pUrva utpanna huI autpAtikamAviyA bhI zIdhra hI zAMta ho jAtI haiN| ina atizayoM meM se dUsare se lekara pAMcaveM taka ye cAra atizaya bhagavAn ke janma se hI hote haiN| bArahavAM tathA ikkIsaveM se cautIsaveM taka-ye pandraha atizaya karmakSaya se utpanna hote haiM, tathA zeSa pandraha atizaya devakRta hote haiN| (ja) tIrthaMkara kI divyadhvani : tIrthaMkara ke mukha se nikalane vAlI kalyANakArI vANI aura dharmopadeza kA nAma hI divyadhvani hai| tIrthaMkara kI dhvani sAmAnya dhvani nahIM hotI, vaha kucha adhika viziSTa hotI hai| isIlie unakI dhvani ko divyadhvani kahA jAtA hai| 1. vistAra ke lie de0-samavAyAMgavRti, sUtra 58, 56

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jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI (a) divyadhvani ke paiMtIsa atizaya : __samavAyAMgasUtra meM tIrthakara kI divyadhvani ke paiMtIsa atizayoM kI carcA kI gaI hai parantu ve atizaya kauna-kauna se haiM isa viSaya meM nahIM batalAyA gayA / vRttikAra ne inakA varNana avazya kiyA hai jo nimna prakAra hai| (1) saMskAratva-vacanoM kA saMskArayuktaarthAt vyAkaraNa-sammata honA / (2) udAttatva-dhvani kA ucca svara se paripUrNa honaa| (3) upacAropetva-grAmyatA se virahita honaa| (4) gambhIrazabdatva-megha ke samAna gambhIra zabdoM se yukta honaa| (5) anunAditva-pratyeka zabda kA yathArtha uccAraNa se yukta honA / (6) dakSiNatva-vacanoM kA nizchala aura sarala honA / (7) upanItarAgatva-mAlakoza Adi rAgoM se yukta honaa| (8) mahArthatva-vacanoM kA mahAn artha se garbhita honaa| (6) avyAhatapaurvAparyatva-pUrvApara avirodhI vAkya vAlA honA / (10) ziSTatva-vacanoM kA ziSTatA se yukta honaa| (11) asandigdhatva-sandeharahita nizcita artha kA pratipAdaka honaa| (12) apahRtAnyottaratva-anya puruSoM ke doSoM ko prakAzita karane vAlA 1. paNItI / saccavayaNAisesA pnnnnttaa| samavAo, 35.1 2. satyavaH |tishyaa Agame na dRSTAH ete tu granthAntaradRSTAH sambhAvitAH, vacanaM hi guNa vikAvyaM tadyathA-saMskAravat 1, udAttaM 2, upacAropeta 3. gambhIrazabda 4, 5 di 5, dakSiNaM 6, upanItarAgaM 7, mahArthaM 8, avyAhatapaurvAparyaM 6, ziSTaM 10... digdhaM 11, apahRtAnyottaraM 12, hRdayagrAhi 13, dezakAlAvyatIta 14.tattvAnurUpa 16. aparamarmabiddhaM 20, arthadharmAbhyAsAnapeta 21. udAraM 22.paranindAtmotkarSaviprayukta 23. upagatazlAghaM 24, anapanItaM 25,ugAditAcchinnakautUhalaM 26, adbhutaM 27.anativilambitaM 28. vibhramavikSepakilikiJcitAdivimuktaM 26. anekajAtisaMzrayAdvicitraM 30,AhitavizeSaM 31, sAkAraM 32, sattvaparigraha 33. apariraveditaM 34, avyucchedaM 35.ceti vacanaM mahAnubhAvairvaktavyamiti sanavAyAMgavRtti, patra 56-60

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arahanta parameSThI 61 (13) hRdaya grAhitva-vacanoM kA zrotAoM ke hRdayoM ko AkRSTa karane vAlA honaa| (14)dezakAlAvyatItatva-deza-kAla ke anukUla evaM prastAvocita honaa| (15) tattvAnurUpatva-vacanoM kA vivakSita vastu ke svarUpa ke anurUpa honaa| (16) aprakIrNaprasRtva-nirarthaka vistAra se rahita susambaddha vacana honaa| (17) anyo'nyapragRhItatva-padoM kA paraspara sApekSatA se yukta honA / (18)abhijAtatva-vaktA kI kulInatAaura zAlInatA kA sUcaka honaa| (16) atisnigdhamadhuratva-atyanta sneha evaM madhuratA se yukta honaa| (20) aparamarmaviddhatva-kisI dUsare ke marma (hRdaya) ko coTa pahuMcAne vAlA athavA rahasya ko prakaTa karane vAlA na honA / (21) arthadharmAbhyAsAnapetva-artha aura dharma ke anukUla honaa| (22) udAratva-tucchatArahita aura udAratA se yukta honA / (23) paranindAtmotkarSaviprayuktatva-paranindA aura apanI prazaMsA se rahita honA athavA vItarAgatA se yukta honaa| (24) upagatazlAghatva-'bhagavAn dhanya haiM isa prakAra jinheM sunakara loga prazaMsA kareM, aise vacana honaa| (25) anapanItatva-phAla, kAraka, vacana evaM liMga, Adi vyAkaraNa ke doSoM se rahita honA (26) utpAditAcchinnakautUhalatva-vacanoM kA zrotAjanoM ke hRdaya meM nirantara kautUhala utpanna karane vAlA honaa| (27) adbhutatva-Azcaryajanaka evaM apUrvabhAva utpanna karane vAlA honA / (28) anativilambitva-ati vilamba se rahita dhArApravAha se bolanA / (26) vibhrama-vikSepa-kilakiJcatAdi-vimuktatva-mana kI bhrAnti, vikSepa, roSa aura bhaya Adi se rahita honaa| (30) anekajAtisaMzrayAvicitratva-naya-pramANa Adi aneka jAti ke saMzraya ke kAraNa vicitratA se yukta honaa|

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jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI (31) AhitavizeSatva-sAmAnya vacanoM se kucha vizeSatAyukta honaa| (32) sAkAratva-pRthak-pRthak varNa, pada, vAkya ke AkAra se yukta honaa| (33) sattvaparigRhItatva-sAhasa se paripUrNa vacana honA / (34) aparikheditva-khinnatA se rahita vacana honaa| (35) avyaccheditva-vivakSita artha kI samyaka siddhi vAle vacana honaa| (A) divyadhvani kA samaya : divyadhvani ke kAla ke viSaya meM batalAte hue AcArya yativRSabha likhate haiM ki yaha divyadhvani prAtaH, madhyAhna tathA sAyaMkAla-tInoM sandhayAoM meM kula milAkara nava muhUrta paryanta khiratI hai| gaNadhara,indra tathA cakravartI Adi ke praznoM ke anurupa artha ke nirUpaNArtha yaha divyadhvani zeSa samayoM meM bhI dhvanita hotI hai|' (jha) tIrthaMkara kA samavasaraNa : jaina zabdAvalI meM prayukta samavasaraNazabda seabhiprAya usa pavitra-sthAna se hai jahAM para tIrthaMkara bhagavAn virAjamAna hote haiM aura jahAM baiThakara vedharma kI dezanA karate haiM |AdipurANa meM bhagavAn RSabhanAtha evaM padmacarita meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa kA sundara citraNa upalabdha hotA hai| (a) samavasaraNa kI saMracanA : samavasaraNa kI racanA kubera karatA hai kintu sUtradhAra to indra hI hotA hai| yaha bAraha yojana taka phailA huA, dedIpyamAna evaM indranIla maNiyoM se banA huA hotA hai| indranIlamaNiyoM se nirmita tathA cAroM ora se golAkAra yaha samavasaraNa aisA lagatA thA mAnoM triloka kI lakSmI ke mukhadarzana kA maMgalamaya darpaNa hI ho surendanIla nirmANaM samavRttaM tadA babhau / trijagacchrImukhAlokamaMgalAdarzavibhramam / / samavasaraNa kI bhUmi pRthavI tala se eka hAtha UMcI kalpabhUmi hotI hai| yaha bhUmi kamala ke AkAra vAlI aura isameM gaMdhakuTI karNikA ke samAna hotI hai| zeSa racanA kamala-dala ke samAna hotI hai| gaMdhakuTI ke cAroM aura mAnAMgaNa nAma kI bhUmi hotI 1. tiloya0 4.603-604 2. AdipurANa, 22.76-312 3. pauma0 2.50-61 4. sutrAmA sUtradhAro bhUnnirmANe yasya karmaThaH / Adi0 22.76 5. dviSaDyojanavistArama bhUdAsthAnamIzituH / __harinIlamahAratnaghaTitaM vilasattalam / / vahI, 22.77 6 vahI. 22.78

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arahanta parameSThI hai| jahAM khar3e hokara indra Adi devagaNa bhagavAn kA pUjana karate haiN|' samavasaraNa ke bAharI bhAga meM ratnoM kIdhUlI se banA huA eka dhUlIsAla nAma kA gherA hotA hai| isa dhUlIsAla ke bAhara cAroM ora suvarNamaya khambhoM ke agrabhAga para avalambita cAra toraNa dvAra suzobhita hote haiN| dhUlIsAla ke bhItara hI kucha dUrI para nirmita cAra mAnastambha cAroM dizAoM meM aise suzobhita hote haiM mAnoM bhagavAn ke ananta catuSTaya hI mUrtimAna ho rahe hoN| munisuvratakAvyakArakI dRSTi meM ghAtiyAkarmoMkAkSaya karake jinendra nemAnastambha ke rUpa meM pratyeka dizA meM vijayastambha sthApita kie the| ina svarNamaya mAnastambhoM ke mUlabhAga meM jinendra bhagavAn kI suvarNamaya pratimAeM virAjamAna thIM, jinakI indra Adi kSIra sAgara ke jala se abhiSeka karate hue pUjA karate the hiraNyamayI jinendrAAH teSAM budhnprtisstthitaaH| devendrAH pUjyantisma kssiirodaambhossissecnaiH|| inhIM mAnastambhoM ke mastaka para tInachatra Dhala rahe the| indra ke arA banAe jAne ke kAraNa unakA apara nAma indradhvaja bhI rUr3ha ho gayA thA mAnastambhAna mahAmAnayogAt trailokyamAnanAt / anvarthasaMjJayo tajjJairmanastambhAH prakIrtitAH / / mAnastambha ke Asa-pAsa meM bAvar3iyAM hotI haiN| isake bhItarI bhUbhAga ko ghere hue latAvanoM meM sabhI RtuoM ke phUla suzobhita hote haiN| latAvanoM ke bhItara kI ora eka suvarNamaya pahalA koTa hotA hai jo isa samavasaraNa bhUmi ko cAroM tarapha se ghere rahatA hai|10 usa suvarNamaya koTa ke cAroM aura cAMdI ke bane hue gopuradvAra hote haiM / 1. de0-(balabhadra jaina), jainadharma kA prAcIna itihAsa, bhAga-1, pR056 2. tatparyantabhUbhAgaM alaJcakre, ghUlIsAlaparikSepo ratnapAMsubhirAcitaH / Adi0, 22.81 3. catasRSvapi dikSvasya hemastambhAgrAvalambitA tornnaa| vahI, 22.61 4. Adi0, 22.67 5. stambhAH jayAdaya iva prabhuNA nikhAtAH / stambhAH babhuH pragidizaM kila mAnapUrvAH / / munisuvratakAvya 10.31 6. vahI, 22.68 7. vahI, 22.102 8. vahI, 22.103 6. vahI, 22.118 10. vahI, 22.128 11. mahAnti gopurANyasya vibbhurdikctussttye|| vahI, 22.136

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64 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI ina gopuradvAroM ke mArga ke donoM ora nATyazAlAeM. inake Age galiyoM ke donoM ora do-do dhUpaghaTa' aura inake bhI Age vana-vIthiyAM hotI haiN| jinameM eka caityavRkSa hotA hai| isa vRkSa ke cAroM tarapha jinendradeva kI cAra pratimAeM vidyamAna hotI haiM jinakA abhiSeka svayaM indra karate haiN|' samavasaraNa meM naMdA, bhadrA, jayA aura pUrNA-ye cAra vApikAeM hotI haiN| jinendra bhagavAn kA adbhuta prabhAva una vApikAoM meM pratibimbita hotA hai| harivaMza purANa meM kahA gayA hai ki pavitra jala se paripUrNa ye vApikAeM samasta pApa aura roga kA haraNa karane vAlI haiN| jo inameM apane ko nihArate haiM ve apane bhUta tathA bhAvI sapta bhavoM ko dekhe lete haiN| bhagavAn ke samavasaraNa meM stUpoM kA samudAya bar3A manorama hotA hai| bhavana-bhUmi ke pArzvabhAgoM meM tathA pratyeka vIthI ke madhya meM jina evaM siddhoM kI pratimAoM se vyApta nau stUpa hote haiN| (A) zrImaNDapa: bhagavAn ratnamaya stambhoM para avasthita zrImaNDapa meM virAjamAna rahate haiN| yaha ujjavala rUphaTikamaNi kA banA huA zrImaNDapa yathArtha meM zrI arthAt lakSmI kA maNDapa hI thA kyoMki jinendra ne yahIM para manuSya, deva tathA asuroM ke samIpa tInoM loMko kI zrI ko svIkAra kiyA thA satyaM zrImaNDapaH so'yaM yatrA'sau paramezvaraH / nRsurAsurAsAnidhye svIcakre trijgcchriym||" jainendra bhagavAn ke mAhAtmya ke kAraNa kevala eka yojana lambe caur3e isa zrImaNDapa meM samasta manuSya, sura aura asura paraspara bAdhA na pahuMcAte hue sukha se baiTha sakate haiN| sura, nara tathA tiryaJcoM ke car3hane ke lie cAroM dizAoM meM eka sAtha unnata evaM vistRta suvarNamaya bIsa hajAra sIr3hiyAM hotI haiN| 1. nATyazAlAdvayaM dikSu pratyekaM catasRSvapi / vahI, 22.148 2. tato dhUpaghaTau dvau dvau vIthInAmubhayordizoH / vahI, 22.156 3. tatra vithyantareSvAMsazcatamro vanavIthayaH / vahI, 22.162 4. vahI, 22.165 5. tAH pavitrajalApUrNAH sarvapAparujAharAH / parAparabhavAHsapta dRzyante yAsu pazyatAm / / harivaMzapurANa, 57.74 6. bhavaNarivadippaNi dhIsuM vIhiM paDi hoti bhavaNavA duuhaa| jiNasiddhappaDimAhiM appaDimAhiM smaainnnnaa|| tiloya04.844 7. Adi0 22.286 8. yojanapramite yasmin sammunUsurAsurAH / sthitAH sukhamabAdhamaho mAhAtmyamIzituH / / Adi 22.286 6. tiloya0 4.720

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arahanta parameSThI zrImaNDapa ka prathama khaNDa meM maharSigaNa, dvitIya khaNDa meM deviyAM, tRtIya khaNDa meM guNavatI sAdhviyAM, tathA usake pazcAt kramaza jyotiSka devoM' kI deviyAM, vyantarakanyAeM evaM vanavAsI deviyAM baiThatI haiM / tatpazcAt jyotiSka deda, vyantara evaM bhuvanendra devoM kA sthAna AtA haiN| inhIM kI eka ora rAjAoM evaM anya manuSyoM ke baiThane kA sthAna hotA hai| usake bAda samavasaraNa ke pUrvottara bhAga meM tiryaJca baiThate haiN| zrImaNDapa ke madhya bhAga meM vaidUryamaNi kI banI huI eka prathama pIThikA, usake Upara suvarNa kI banI huI eka dUsarI pIThikA hotI hai jisake Upara ATha dizAoM meM lokapAloM ke samAnaATha bar3I-bar3IpatAkAeM laharAtI huI suzobhita hotI haiN| dUsare pITha para ratnoM se banA huA eka tIsarA pITha hotA hai| isa prakAra ke tIna kaTanIdAra pITha para jinendra bhagavAn aise zebhAyamAna hote haiM jaise triloka ke zikhara para siddha parameSThI suzobhita hote haiM / tIsare pITha ke agrabhAga para sugandhita eka gaMdhakuTI hotI hai jisake madhya meM eka ratnajaTita siMhAsana hotA hai| usa siMhAsana para prabhu suzobhita hote haiN| tIrthaMkara devasvabhAva se hI pUrvaathavA uttara dizA kIora mukha karake virAjamAna hote haiM ! tIrthakaroM kA yaha samavasaraNa eka alaukika sabhA vizeSa hai / yahaazoka vRkSa Adi aSTa mahAprAtihAyoM se sampanna hotA hai| isameM sammilita sabhI prANI bhagavAn kI vANI sunakara mugdha ho jAte haiM evaM sabhI prakAra ke duHkhoM se mukta ho jAte haiN| (Ja) tIrthakara kA upadeza : Agama batalAtA hai ki atIta kAla meM aneka tIrthaMkara hue haiN| vartamAna 1. devoM ke cAra prakAra haiM-1. bhavanapati, 2. vyantara, 3. jyotiSka aura 4.vaimAnika / ta0sU04.1 2. pauma0 2.55-61 3. Adi0 22.65 4. tRtIyamabhavat pIThaM sarvaratnamayaM pRthu / vahI, 22.268 5. IdRk trimekhalaM pIThamasyopari jinAdhipaH / trilokazikhare siddhaparameSThIva nirbbhau|| Adi0 22.304 6. vahI, 23.20 7. vahI, 23.26 8. devo'rhan prAGmukho vA niyatimanusarannuttarAzAmukho vA / / vahI, 23.163 6 atItakAla ke caubIsa tIrthara- nirvANasAgaramahAsAdhuvimalaprabha sudtaamalaprA. uddhara agiGsanmati sindhu kusumAJjali zivagaNa utsAha jJAnezvara paramezvara vimalezvara yazodarakRSNamatijJAnamatizuddhamatizrIbhradraatikrAntazAntAzceti bhUtakAlasambadhicatu:viMzati tIrtharebhyo namo namaH / tIrthaPSra pR0 314

Page #102
66 jaina darzana meM paJca krameDI meM RSabha Adi 24 tIrthakara hue haiM aura utsarpiNI kAla ke cauthe Are meM 24 tIrthakara hoNge| ye sabhI tIrthakara dharma ke mUla stambha haiN| inhoMne zazvata satyoM kA samAna rUpa se nirUpaNa kiyA hai, aura vastu dharma kA ve Age bhI aisA hI pratipAdana kreNge| jaise svaMya bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA bhI hai ki jo arhata ho cuke haiM, jo vartamAna meM haiM, aura jo Age bhI hoMge, una saba kA yahI nirUpaNa hai ki kisI bhI jIva kI hiMsA mata kro| (a) dharma ke mUla tattvoM meM abheda: dharma ke mUla tattvoM ke nirUpaNa meM eka tIrthakara se dUsare tIrthakara kA kiJcit mAtra bhI bheda na kabhI rahA hai aura na kabhI rahegA parantu pratyeka tIrthakara apane-apane samaya meM deza, kAla,tatkAlIna mAnavakIzakti, buddhi evaMsahiSNutA Adi ko dhyAna meM rakhakara tadanurUpa dharma darzana kA pravacana karate haiN|' deza, kAla ke prabhAva se jaba tIrtha meM nAnA prakAra kI vikRtiyAM utpanna ho jAtI haiM, paraspara meM aneka bhrAntiyAM panapane lagatI haiM, usa samaya dUsare tIrthakara kA janma hotA hai| AcArya raviSeNa ne kahA hai ki 'jaba uttama AdhAra kA vighAta ho jAtA haiN| mithyAdharmiyoM ke pAsa dhana kI vRddhi ho jAtI hai, satyadharma ke prati nirAdara kIbhAvanA utpanna hone lagatI hai,taba tIrthakarabhagavAn utpanna hote hai| ve vizuddha rUpa se navIna tIrtha kI sthApanA karate haiM, isI se ve tIrthakara kahalAte haiM dharma ke prANabhUta siddhAnta jyoM ke tyoM upadiSTa kie / jAte haiM / bAhya kriyAoM evaM AcAra, vyavahAra Adi meM hI kiJcit antara AtA hai| (A) mahAvratoM kI dezanA : sabhI tIrthaMkara mahAvratoM kI dezanA karate haiN| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki prAgaaitihAsika kAla meM bhagavAn RSama ne pAMca mahAvratoM kA upadeza diyA thA kintu bAda ke kAla meM pArzvanAtha paryanta tIrthakaroM ne cAturyAmadharma kA upadeza 1. anAgatakAla ke caubIsa tIrthara - mahApadya-suradeva-supArzva-svayaMprama-sarvAtmabhUta-devaputrakulaputra-udaMka-prauSThila-jayakIrti-munisuvrata-ara-niSpApaniSkaNaMya-vipula nirmala-citragupta-svayaMbhU-anirvatakajaya-vimala-devapAla-anantavIryazceti bhaviSyatkAlasambandhi caturvizaMti tIrtharebhyo namo namaH / vahI, 2. de0 AyAro, 4.1.1 3. de0-tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-1, pR05 4. AcArANAM vighAtena kudRSTInAM ca sNpdaa|| dharmaglAnipariprAptamucchayante jinottamAH / padmapurANa, 5.206 5. de0-tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-1,pR05 6. bhaga0, 20.66

Page #103
67 ahanta parameSThI diyA / ye cAra yAmathe-ahiMsA, satya,acaurya evaM bahistAt AdAna-viramaNa (aparigraha)' kintu antima tIrthakara mahAvIra ne pAMca mahAvratoM kI dezanA dI thii| unake pAMca mahAvrata haiM-ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aprigrh| pArzvanAtha ke ziSya kutoM kA sahArA lekara abrahmacarya kA samarthana karane lage the|atHbhgvaan mahAvIra ne usako (brahmacaryako) alaga se mahAvrata kA sthAna diyA aura isa prakAra mahAvrata pAMca ho ge| (i) mokSamArga kA upadeza: tIrthakara mokSa-mArga kA upadeza dete haiM / vaha mokSamArga haiM-samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra / ye tInoM yugapat mokSamArga kA sAdhana batalAyA gayA hai| isa ratnatraya kI vizuddhi ko hI dharma bhI kahA gayA hai| (I) anekAntavAdanirUpaNa : tIrthakara anekAntavAda kA bhI upadeza dete haiN| AcArya nemicandra ne arahanta bhagavAn ko anekAntavAda kA prakAzaka batalAyA hai| pratyeka vastu anantadharmAtmaka hai", usako pramANa aura nayoM ke dvArA hI samajhA jA sakatA hai| syAdvAda" ke dvArA una aneka dharmoM kA saMgraha karanA, samanvaya karanA hI anekAnta hai| isa anekAnta ko samajha lene se dRSTi samyak ho jAtI hai| 1. ThANaM, 4.136 2. u0,21.12 3. vistAra ke lie de0-(tulasI). uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, pR0124 4. samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH / ta0sU01.1 5. dharmaH puMso vizuddhiHsudRgavagamacAritrarUpA-dharmA0, 1.60 6. anekAntadyotinidhipramANodAradhanuH ca / pratiSThAtilaka, 374 7. saMti aNAMtANaMtA tIsu vi kAlesu saba-davyANi / / kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gA0 224 8. (ka) tattvajJAnaM pramANaM / Apta mImAMsA, kA0 101 (kha) samyagjJAnaM pramANam / AlApapaddhati, / de0 nayacakra pR0213 6 pramANa ke dvArA jisakA svarupa prakaTa hai aisI anantadharmAtmaka vastu ke eka deza kA jo jJAna karAtA hai vaha naya hai| naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra RjusUtra,zabda, samabhiruDha aura evaMbhUta ye sAta naya hai| vistRta adhyayana ke lie de0 nayacaka tathA ta010 1.33 10 pramANanayairadhigamaH / ta0sU0 1.6 11 syAdvAdaHsarvathaikAntatyAgAt kiMvRttacidvidhiH / saptamaMga-nayApekSo heyA''deya-vizeSakaH / / Apta mImAMsA, kA0 104

Page #104
68 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI (u) jIvAjIva nirUpaNa : ___bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jIvAjIva kA upadeza dete hue batalAyA ki tattva do prakAra ke haiM-(1) jIva tattva aura (2) ajIva tattva / jIva ke bhI do bheda hote haiM-(1) siddha (mukta) jIva, aura (2) saMsArI jIva / siddha jIva ananta sukha se yukta, akSaya, malarahita evaM saba prakAra kI bAdhAoM se sarvadA mukta hotA hai| saMsArI jIva ke trasa evaM sthAvara ye do bheda hote haiN| pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati ye pAMca sthAvara jIva haiN| dvIndriya se lekara paMcendriya taka ke prANI trasa jIva kahalAte haiN|' __ Age phira batalAyA gayA hai ki jIva bar3I muzkila se pAMcoM indriyoM se nirogatathA surUpahotA hai| sabhIsundara vastuoM kI prApti hone parabhIapuNyazAlI mUrkha manuSya kI lobha evaM mohavaza dharma meM buddhi nahIM hotii| vaha kudharmarUpI kIr3AoM meM phaMsa jAtA hai aura jina-upadiSTa dharma ko vaha prApta nahIM krtaa| manuSyatva prApta karake jisakA citadharma meM nahIM lagatA, usa manuSya ke karatala meM AyA huA amRta bhI mAnoM naSTa ho jAtA hai| jinendra bhagavAn kI dezanA bhAgyavAn puruSoM ko hI prApta hotI hai| gambhIra, sarvatobhadra,sadAsabake lie kalyANakArI,samastabhAvoM ke prakAzaka, jina bhagavAn dvArA nirUpita dharma ko jo samyag prakAra se anubhava karate haiM athavA jo use samyag prakAra se pahacAnate haiM, ve AtmAeM dhanya haiN|' (U) tIrthakara upadeza kA phala : tIrthaMkara ke upadeza kA phala batalAte hue AcArya kundakunda kahate / ki jina vacanarUpI auSadhi viSaya sukha ko dUra karane vAlI, amRrUpa, jarA aura maraNa kI vyAdhi ko dUra karane vAlI tathA saba duHkhoM kA kSaya karane vAlI hai| isa prakAra se tIrthakara ke upadeza se sabhI jIvoM kA kalyANa hotA hai| unake dvArA batalAe hue mokSa mArga para calane se AtmA parama vizuddha ho jAtI hai aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa anta meM mukti lAbha karatI hai| yahI sattva kA paramadhyeya bhI hotA hai| (e) tIrthakara avatAra nahIM : jainadharma avatAravAda meM zraddhA nahIM rakhatA hai| jaina kisI aise Izvara ko 1. de0-pauma0 2.62-65 2. vahI, 2.77-80 3. gaMbhIra savaobhadaM svvbhaavvibhaavnnN| dhaNNA jiNAhitaM maggaM sammaM vedeti bhaavo|| isi0 6.33 4. jiNavayagamosahamiNaM visayasuhavireyaNaM amidabhUyaM / jara maraNa vAhiharaNaM khayakaraNaM savvadukkhANaM / / dasaNapAhur3a gA0 17

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69 arahanta parameSThI nahIM mAnate jo bAra-bAra avatAra letA hai| tIrthakara Izvara yA kisI avyakta zakti ke avatAra nahIM hote| jainadharma meM saMsAra kI utpatti, saMrakSaNa aura vinAza karane vAlI koI aisI zakti vizeSa nahIM mAnI gaI hai jo saMsAra kA saMcAlana karatI ho / saMsAra meM jo jIva Adi SaDdravya haiM, unake apane-apane svabhAva aura kAryakAraNa bhAva se hI saMsAra kA utpAda, sthiti aura pralaya hotA hai| tIrthakara manuSya rUpa hI hote haiM, kintu ve sAdhAraNa manuSyoM se pare, asAdhAraNa zakti se sampanna hote haiN|' (a) tIrthakara eka sAmAnya jIva jainadharma kA yaha spaSTa mantavya hai ki tIrthakara kA jIva atIta meM eka dina hamArI hI taraha vAsanA ke caMgula meM phaMsA huA thA, Adhi-vyAdhi aura upAdhiyoM se saMtrasta thA, tathA heya, jJeya aura upAdeya kA use tanika bhI dhyAna nahIM thA ! vaha mAtra bhautika sukhoM ko saccA sukha mAnakara dina-rAta unameM hI khoyA rahatA thA vairAgya kA kiMcit bhI viveka use nahIM thA parantu jaba kadAcit mahAn puruSoM ke sAtha usakI saMgati huI to usake jJAna-cakSu khula gae aura use bheda-vijJAna kI upalabdhi ho gii| yathArtha sthiti kA mAna hone se tathA kaThora tapa ke bala para usake parama Atmazuddhi prApta karane para vaha hI isa parama pada sarahantatva para pahuMca gayA, arahanta paramAtmA bana gyaa| (A) AdhyAtmika vikAsa se tIrthakara pada-prApti sAmAnya AtmAoM meM se hI koI eka AtmA apane AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI kramika yAtrA karate hue tIrthakara ke garimAmaya pada ko upalabdha kara letA hai|jnoN ke anusAra pratyeka AtmA kA apanA svatantra astitva hai| pratyeka AtA tatvataH svayaM meM paramAtmA hai kintu karma--bandhana ke kAraNa usakA vaha paramAtmatvasvarUpaAvarita hai| karmabandhanasemuktahotehIvahI usakA paramAtmatva na pragaTa ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra tIrthakara kIavadhAraNAavatAravAda se bhinna hai |avatAravAda meM eka hI sarvocca zakti bAra-bAra janma letI hai jabaki tIrthakara kI avadhAraNA meM pratyeka tIrthakara apanA bhinna-bhinna astitva rakhatA hai| koI bhI AtmA apanA AdhyAtmika vikAsa karake usa pada ko prApta kara sakatA hai| vahI AtmAantimasiddha pada ko prApta kara punaH saMsAra meM nahIM AtA |avatAravAda meM AtmA yA paramAtmA Upara se nIce kI ora AtA hai jabaki tIrthakara kI avadhAraNA meM koI bhavya satvAtmA paramAtmatva kI UMcAiyoM ko upalabdha karatA hai| eka meM jahAM avataraNa hai to dUsare meM vahIM unnayana (uttaraNa) hai| isa prakAra donoM avadhAraNAoM meM yahI mahat antara hai| 1. de0-- (balabhadra), jainadharma kA prAcIna itihAsa, prathama bhAga prAkkathana, pR07 2. paramAtma0, pR0 102 -A.ams

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ION jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI (8) arahanta-bhakti aura usakA phala : jainadharma meM arahanta deva parama pUjya haiM, unhIM ko sarvazreSTha mAnA gayA hai| ataH pratyeka jaina sAdhaka kA yaha parama kartavya hai ki vaha Adarza puruSa ke rUpa meM tIrthakaroM kI stuti kre| yahAM yaha bAta spaSTa rUpa se jAna lenI cAhie ki jaina darzana meM jo tIrthakaroM kI stuti kI jAtI hai usase kisI prakAra ke bhautika lAbha kI apekSA karanA vyartha hai, kAraNa ki tIrthakara kisI ko kucha nahIM dete / gItA ke kRSNa kI taraha tIrthakara koI isa prakAra kI udghoSaNA bhI nahIM karate ki tuma merI bhakti karo, maiM tumheM saba pApoM se mukta kara duuNgaa|' jaina tIrthaMkara pratyakSa rUpa se apane bhakta kI kisI bhI upalabdhi meM sahAyaka nahIM banate, kyoMki aisA karane para unakI vItarAgatA meM bAdhA AtI hai| taba phira hama unakI bhakti kyoM kareM? isa prazna kA samAdhAna karate hue AcArya samantabhadra ne spaSTa rUpase kahA hai ki 'hamatIrthakara kI stuti isalie nahIM karate haiM ki usakI stuti karane athavA unake na karane se vaha hamArA hita athavA ahita kregaa| ve atyanta sahaja, bhAva se kahate haiM ki he prabhu! terI prazaMsA karane se bhI koI lAbha nahIM, kyoMki tuma vItarAga ho, ataH stuti karane para bhI Apa prasanna bhI nahIM hogeN| terI nindA karane se bhI koI bhaya nahIM hai, kyoMki tU to vivAntavaira hai, arthAt nindA karane para bhI nArAja nahIM hote, phira bhI hama terI stuti isalie karate haiM ki tere puNya guNoM ke smaraNa se hamArA citta durguNoM se pavitra ho jAtA hai-- na pUjyArthastvayi vItarAge, na nindayA nAtha vivAnta vaireH| tathApi te puNyaguNasmRrtinaH punAtu piMta duritAM vnebhyH|| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM tIrthakara stavana kA phala batalAte hue kahA gayA hai ki 'caubIsa vItarAga tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti se jIva darzanavizuddhi ko prApta hotA hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu ne bhI spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai ki unake nAma smaraNa se pApoM kA puMja naSTa ho jAtA hai|" AcAryavaTTakera kahate haiM kijoprayatnazIlabhAvasearahantakonamaskAra karatA hai vaha atizIghra hI sabhI duHkhoM se chuTakArA pA letA hai| 1. sarvadharmAnparityajya mAmekaM zaraNaM vraja / ahaM tvAM sarvapApebhyo mokSayiSyAmi mA zucaH / / gItA, 18.66 2 svayambhustotra, 12.2 3. cauvvIsatthaeNaM daMsaNavisohiM jaNayai / u0 26.10 4. arihaMtanamukkAro savvapAvappaNAsaNo / A0 ni0 gA0 626 5. arahaMtaNamokkAraM bhAveNa ya jo karedi pydmdii| so savvadukkhamoksa pAvadi acireNa kAleNa / / mUlA0 7.506

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71 arahanta parameSThI tatvArthAdhigamasUtra meM arahanta kI pUjA kA phala aura usakIAvazyakatA para bala dete hue batalAyA gayA hai ki 'arahantadeva kA pUjana karane se rAgadveSa Adi mAnasika vikAra dUra ho jAte haiM aura citta nirmala ho jAtA hai, citta ke nirvikAra hone se acchI prakAra samAdhi lagatI hai jisase mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| ataH arahanta kA pUjana karanA nyAyocita hai kyoMki mokSa kI prApti hI prANI kA mukhya uddezya hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM arahanta-namaskAra para vizeSa bala dete hue kahA gayA hai ki 'bharate samaya yadi eka bAra bhIarahanta ko namaskAra kiyA jAya to use jinAgama meM saMsAra kA uccheda karane meM samartha kahA hai| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki arahanta bhagavAn kI upAsanA karane se mahAna phala prApta hotA hai| unake stavana se mAnasika pavitratA prApta hotI hai jisase prANI ke mAnasika dRSTikoNa meM parivartana A jAtA hai aura usake pariNAmasvarUpamoha-vicchedaho jAtA hai| tatpazcAt prANI vItarAgatA ke patha para agrasara hotA huA sabhI prakAra ke vighnoM se mukta ho jAtA hai aura use prazastamaMgala kI prApti ho jAtI hai| rAgadveSa AdiduSpravRttiyoM ke pUrNatayA naSTa ho jAne para use niHzreyasa kI prApti hotI hai| abhyarcanAdarhatAM manaH prasAdastataH smaadhishc| tasmAdapi niHzreyasamato hi tatpUjanaM nyAyyam / / tattvarthAdhigamasUtra, sambandhakA08 2. arahaMtaNamokkAro ekko vi havijja jo mrnnkaale| so jiNavayaNe diTTho saMsArucchedaNasamattho / / bhaga. A0754

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siddha parameSThI lokAgrabhAgabhavanA bhavabhIti-muktAH, jJAnAvalokita . samasta . padArthasArthAH / / svAbhAvikasthiraviziSTasukhaiH samRddhAH, siddhA vilInadhanakarmamalA jayanti / / - maMgala-vANI, pR0 278

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tRtIya pariccheda siddha parameSThI terahaveM guNasthAnavartI yogayukta utkRSTa yogAvacara ko jina, arhattva kI upalabdhi ho jAne para sayogakevalI kahA jAtA hai kintu jaba vahI caudahaveM guNasthAna meM pahuMcatA hai taba inake yoga kA nizzeSataH abhAva ho jAtA hai aura ve sampUrNa karmabandha se bhI pare ho jAte haiN| isI se ye ayogakevalI kahalAte haiN| inheM jo kucha bhI karaNIya thA vaha unake dvArA pUrNa kara liyA hotA hai| aba ve vigatakarmA haiM, bhavahIna haiM aura kRtakRtya haiN| aisI AtmA jisane sampUrNa karma- indhana ko naSTa kara diyA hai, jisakI karmAgni zAnta ho gaI hai, vahI karmakSayI AtmA aba siddha parameSThI pada para pratiSThita ho jAtI hai| (ka) siddha pada kA nirvacana evaM vyAkhyA : vyAkaraNa ke anusAra siddha zabda sidh+kta pratyaya se banA hai| jisakA sAdhana ho cukA hai, jo pUrA ho cukA hai, sampanna, anuSThita, avApta evaM saphala' ityAdi hI vidvAnoM ne isake artha kie haiN| jaina darzana meM isa pada kI vibhinna viziSTa vyAkhyAeM upalabdha hotI haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM siddha zabda kI niruktievaM vyutpattiparaka jo bhinna-bhinna vyAkhyAeM kI gaI haiM ve nimna prakAra haiM "jinhoMne bhUtakAla meM bAMdhe hue (pUrvabaddha)ATha prakAra ke karmoM ko zukla dhyAnarUpI agni ke dvArA naSTa kara diyA hai-ve siddha kahalAte haiN| siddha pada kI vyutpatti gatyarthaka 'Sidhu' dhAtu se 'kta' pratyaya lagAkara hotI hai jisase isakA artha yoM nikalatA hai ki 'jo aisI nirvANapurI ko cale gae haiM, jahAM se unheM kabhI bhI vApisa nahIM AnA par3atA' / "Sidhu' dhAtu kA dUsarA artha saMrAdhana arthAt niSpatti bhI liyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra jinakA lakSya siddha ho gayA hai athavA niSpanna ho gayA hai-ve hI siddha haiN| 1. de0-(ApTe). saMskRta-hindI koSa, pR0 1105 2. sitaM-baddhamaSTaprakAraM karmendhanamAtaM-dagdhaM jAjvalyamAnazukladhyAnAnalena yaiste| bhaga0vR0pa03 3. athavA pidhu gatau' iti vacanAt sedhanti sma-apunarAvRtyA nirvRtipurImagacchan / vahI 4' vidhu saMrAddhau iti vacanAta siddhayanti sma niSThitArthA bhavanti sm| vahI

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74 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI 'Sidhu' dhAtu zAstra aura mAGgalya artha meM bhI AtI hai| isa prakAra jo zAstroM ke zAstA hue haiM aura jinhoneM mAGgalyarUpa kA anubhava kiyA hai, ve siddha haiN|' 1. karmabandhamukta-siddha : dhavalA TIkAkAra siddha pada kI vyAkhyA karate hue batalAte haiM ki 'jo pUrNarUpa se apane svarUpa meM sthita haiM, kRtakRtya haiM, jinhoMne apane sAdhya ko siddha kara liyA hai aura jinake jJAnAvaraNa Adi ATha karma naSTa ho cuke haiM, ve hI siddha haiN| yahAM hI Age aura adhika vistAra karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jinhoMne nAnAbheda rUpa ATha karmoM kA nAza kara diyA hai, jo tIna loka ke mastaka ke zekhara svarUpa haiM, duHkhoM se rahita haiM, sukharUpI sAgara meM nimagna haiM, niraMjana haiM, nitya haiM,ATha guNoM se yukta haiM, nirdoSa haiM, kRtakRtya haiM, jinhoMne samasta paryAyoM sahita sampUrNa padArthoM ko jAna liyA hai, jo vajazilA nirmita abhagna pratimA ke samAna abhedya AkAra se yukta haiM, jo puruSAkAra hone para bhI guNoM se puruSa ke samAna nahIM haiM kyoMki puruSa sampUrNa indriyoM ke viSayoM ko bhinna-bhinna dezoM meM jAnatA hai, parantu jo pratyeka deza meM saba viSayoM ko jAnate haiM, ve hI siddha haiN| 2. bhavyAtmA-siddha : Avazyakaniyukti meM siddha bhagavAna kA varNana karate hue batalAyA gayA hai ki 'sabaduHkhoM ko nAza karake,janma,jarA-maraNaaura karmabandha se mukta hue tathA kisI bhI prakAra kI bAdhAoM se rahita, aise zAzvata sukha kAanubhava karane vAle bhavyAtmA hI siddha kahalAte haiN| 1. vidhUzAstra mAGgalye caiti vacanAt sedhantisma-zAsitAro'bhUvan mAGgalyarUpatAM cAnubhavanti smeti siddhAH / vahI 2. Namo siddhANaM-siddhAH niSThitAH kRtakRtyAH siddhasAdhyAH naSTASTakarmANaH / dhavalA TIkA, prathama pustaka, pR047 3. Nihaya-vivihaTTha-kammA-tihuvaNa-sira-seharA vihuvdukkhaa| suhasAyara-majjhagayA NiraMjaNA Nicca-aThThaguNA / / aNavajjA kaya-kajjA savvAvayavehi ditttth-svvtttthaa| vajja-silatthamaggaya-paDimaM vaabhejj-sNtthaannaa|| maNusa-saMThANA vihu savvAvayavehi No guNehi smaa| savviMdiyANa visayaM jamega-dese vijaannNti|| vahI,gA026-28, 4. nicchinna sabadukkhA jaaijraamrnnbndhvimukkaa| avvAvAhaM sukkhaM aNuhavaMti sAsayaM siddhaa||aa0ni0,gaa0688

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75 siddha parameSThI 3. anantacatuSTayI siddha : AcArya kundakunda bhI kahate haiM ki jo anantadarzana tathA anantajJAna rUpa haiM, anantavIrya tathA anantasukha se yukta haiM, avinAzI sukha sampanna haiM, zarIra rahita haiM aura ATha karmoM ke bandhana se mukta ho gae haiM, ve siddha parameSThI 4. nirupama evaM zAzvata siddha : ve siddha nirUpama haiM kyoMki saMsAra meM aisA koI vyakti nahIM jisase unakI upamA kI jA sake, acala haiM, akSobha haiM arthAt kisI bhI prakAra kA utpAta utpanna hone para unameM vikAra utpanna nahIM hotA,sthirarUpase nirmApita haiM, saMsArAvasthA ke antima kSaNarUpa upAdAna se siddha-avasthA ko prApta hue haiM,ajaMgamarUpase siddha sthAna meM sthita haiM, ve kAyotsargaathavA padmAsana mudrA meM sthita haiM kyoMki muktAtmAoM ke yahI do Asana nizcita haiM tathA ve siddha zAzvata haiN| 5. aSTamahAguNasampanna siddha : niyamasAra meM bhI batalAyA gayA hai ki ATha karmoM ke bandha ko jinhoMne naSTa kara diyA hai, jo ATha mahAguNoM se yukta haiM, paramatattva svarUpa haiM, loka ke agrabhAga meM sthita haiM aura nitya haiM-aise ve siddha bhagavAn hote haiN|' 6. lokAgrabhAgasthita siddha : AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI neapaneanupama grantharatnagommaTasAra meM uparyukta mata kA samarthana karate hue kahA hai ki jo ATha karmoM se rahita haiM, anantasukha meM nimagna haiM, navIna karmabandha ke kAraNabhUta mithyAdarzana Adi bhAvakarmarUpI aJjana se rahita haiM, nitya haiM,ATha guNoM se yukta haiM, kRtakRtya haiM aura loka ke agrabhAga meM sthita haiM-ve hI siddha parameSThI haiN|' AcArya vaTTakera kA bhI abhimata hai ki 'yaha jIva anAdikAla se ATha karmo se lipta hai aura jaba usake ye hI karma naSTa ho jAte haiM, taba vaha siddhatva 1. daMsaNa aNaMtaNANaM aNaMtavIriya aNaMtasukkhA y| sAsaya sukkha adehA mukkA kmmbNdhehiN|| bodhapAhuDa, gA0 12 2. NiruvamamacalamakhohA nimmiviyAjaMgameNa ruuvenn| siddhaTThANammi ThiyA vosarapaDimA dhuvA siddhaa|| vahI,gA013 3. NaThThaThThakammabaMdhA aTThamahAguNasamaNNiyA prmaa| . loyaggaThidA NiccA siddhA te erisA hoti|| niyama0,gA072 4. aTThavihakammaviyalA, sIdIbhUdA NiraMjaNA nniccaa| aTThaguNA kidakiccA, loyaggaNivAsiNo siddhaa|| go0jI0,gA068

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76 . jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI ko prApta ho jAtA hai| 7. trilokavandanIya siddha : bhagavatIArAdhanA meM siddha bhagavAn kA guNagAna karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jinhoMne rAgadveSa ko dUra kara diyA hai, aura jo bhaya, mada, utkaNThA aura karmarUpa dhUlipaTala se rahita haiM, ve siddha tInoM lokoM ke dvArA vandanIya haiN| 8. paramasukhIsiddha : saMsAra meM jitanA bhI zArIrika aura mAnasika sukha-duHkha hai, use siddha parameSThI pUrNarUpa se naSTa kara cuke hote haiM kyoMki unheM isa taraha kI koI bhI bAdhA nahIM hotI, ve samasta bAdhAoM ko jAnate haiM tathAadhyavasAna-vikalpavAsanA se rahita hote haiM, isI se ve paramasukhI haiM jAvaM tu kiMci loe sArIraM mANasaM ca suhadukkhaM / taM savvaM NijjiNNaM asesado tassa siddhss|| jaMNatthi savvabAdhAo tassa savvaM ca jANai jado se| jaM ca gadajjhavasANo paramasuhI teNa so siddho||| AcArya zivArya Age likhate hue kahate haiM ki 'siddhoM kA zabda Adi viSayoM se koI prayojana nahIM hotA kAraNa ki unheM bhUkha, pyAsa Adi kI bAdhA nahIM hotI tathA viSayoM ke upabhoga ke kAraNa rUpa rAgAdi bhI nahIM hote| isI kAraNa saba prakAra kI kriyAoM se rahita siddhoM meM bolanA, calanA, phiranA tathA vicAranA Adi bhI nahIM hotaa| 6. paramavizuddha AtmAH siddha paramAtmA : AcArAMgasUtra meM paramavizuddha AtmA kA jo svarUpa batalAyA gayA hai, vahI siddha paramAtmA kA svarUpa hai| yahAM batalAyA gayA hai ki-parama vizuddha AtmA-paramAtmA (=siddha) kA varNana karane meM koI bhI zabda samartha nahI haiN| paramAtmA tarka-gamya bhI nahIM hai| use mati ke dvArA bhI grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA 1. dIhakAlamayaM jaMtU usido atttthkmmhiN| siddha dhatte Nidhatte ya siddhattamuvavacchai / / mUlA07.507 2. madarAgadosamoho vibhao vimao Nirussao viro| budhajaNaparigIdaguNo NamaMsaNijjo tilogss|| bhaga0Ao,gA0 2137 3 vahI, 2136-40 4. visaehiM se Na kajjaM jaM Natthi chudAdiyAo baadhaao| rAgAdiyA ya uvabhogahedugA Natthi jaM tassa / / edeNa ceva aNido bhaasnncNkmnnciNtnndiinnN| ceTThANaM siddhammi abhAvo hdsvvkrnnmmi|| vahI, gA0 2148-46

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" siddha parameSThI sakatA / vaha akelA, zarIra rahita aura jJAtA hai| 10. nirlipta paramAtmAH siddha : ye paramAtmA na to dIrgha haiM, na hI hasva, na vRtAkAra haiM, na hI trikoNa, na caukora haiM aura na hI parimaNDalAkAra haiM / na kAle haiM, na nIle, na lAla, na pIle aura na hI zukla haiN| sugandhita bhI nahIM haiM aura na hI ve durgandhita haiM / ve tikta bhI nahIM haiM, na hI kaTu,na kaSaile haiM, na amla aura na hI madhura haiM / ve kaThora bhI nahIM haiM, na komala, na guru, na ladhu, na zIta, na uSNa, na snigdha haiM aura na hI ve rukSa hI haiN| ve siddha paramAtmA zarIravAn, janmadharmA, aura lepayukta bhI nahIM haiM, ve na strI haiM, na puruSa aura na hI napuMsaka haiN| kevala ve parijJAnarUpa aura ekamAtra jJAnamaya haiN| unake lie koI bhI upamA nahIM dI jA sktii| una amUrta astitva vAle siddha paramAtmA kA bodha karAne ke lie koI bhI pada nahIM hai | vaha zabda, rUpa, gandha, rasa aura sparzarUpa se pare haiN|' isatarahazukladhyAna ke caramotkarSa se aSTakarmo ke nAzaka,paramavizuddha AtmA aura mokSa meM sthita rahane vAle, nirAkAra tathA samasta paudgalika guNoM aura paryAyoM se rahita siddha paramAtmA haiM / siddha aSTaguNoM evaM ananta catuSTaya se yukta hote haiN| ve sthira evaM zAzvata loka ke agrabhAga para avasthita haiN| (kha) siddha ke paryAyavAcI padaH aupapAtikasUtra ke siddhAdhikAra meM siddha ke anekoM paryAyavAcI zabda upalabdhahote haiM-(1) siddha, (2) buddha, (3) pAraMgata, (4)paramparAgata, (5) unmukta karmakavaca, (6) ajara, (7) amara aura (8) asNg| 1. savve sarA NiyaTeMti, takkA tattha na vijji| maI tattha Na gAhiyA, oe appatiTThANassa kheynnnne|| se Na dIhe, Na hasse, Na vaTTe, Na taMse, Na cauraMse, Na parimaMDale / Na kinhe, Na NIle, Na lohie, Na hAlidde, Na sukkille / Na subhigaMdhe, Na durabhigaMdhe / Na titte, Na kaDue, Na kasAe, Na aMbile, Na mhure| Na kakkhaDe, Na maue, Na garue. Na lahue. Na sIe, na uNhe, Na Niddhe, Na lukkhe|| Na kAU, Na ruhe. Na sNge| Na itthI, Na purise, Na annnnhaa| pariNe snnnne| uvamA Na vijjae / arUvI sttaa| apayassa payaM Natthi / se Na sadde, Na rUve, NaM gaMdhe, Na rase, Na phAse, icce tAva / AyAro, 5.6. 123.140 2. siddhati ya buddhatti ya, pAragayatti ya paraMparagaya tti| unmukka-kamma-kavayA, ajarA amarA asaMgA ya / / ovAiyaM, 165 (20)

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78 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI ()siddha :siddha kRtakRtya kA nAma hai, athavA jisa jIva ne apanI Atma-sAdhanA pUrNa rUpa se siddha evaM sampanna kara lI hai, vaha siddha hai| (2)buddha kevalajJAna ke dvArA samasta vizva ko jAnane vAle siddha buddha kahalAte haiN| (3) pAraMgataHjo saMsArarUpI samudra se pAra ho cuke haiM ve siddha pAraMgata (4) paramparAgata :sarvaprathama samyagdarzana kI prApti, punaH samyagjJAna kI prApti, usake bAda samyak cAritra kI prApti rUpa paramparA se jo mokSa ko prApta karate haiM, ve aise siddha paramparAgata kahalAte haiN| (5) unmukta karmakavaca :saba prakAra ke karmarUpa kavaca se rahita siddha unmukta karmakavaca hote haiN| (6)ajara:jarAse yahAMabhiprAya hai vRddhAvasthAaura jise isakAabhAva hai ve hI ajara haiN| (7) amara :jo kabhI bhI nahIM marate, veamara haiM athavA jo sadaiva vidyamAna rahate haiM, ve amara kahalAte haiN| () asaMga:saMga se abhiprAya hai Asakti athavA lipta honA / jo saba prakAra ke klezoM se rahita athavA nirlipta haiM ve asaMga kahalAte haiN| siddha bhagavAn ke svarUpa kI dRSTi se ye sabhI paryAyavAcI zabda sArthaka hI pratIta hote haiN| (ga) siddhagati kA svarUpa: bhavya jIvajaba siddhagati ko prApta hojAtA hai taba vahaanupamasva-svarUpa ko dhAraNa kara letA hai| praNipAtasUtra (namotthuNaM) meM siddhagati kA bahuta hI sundara vivecana kiyA gayA hai| yahAM siddhagati kI ziva, acala,aruja, ananta, akSaya, avyAbAdha aura apunarAvRti ye sAta vizeSatAeM batalAI gaI haiN|' (1) ziva:ziva kalyANa evaM sukha kA vAcaka hai| jo bAdhA, pIr3A aura duHkha se rahita hai vahI ziva kahalAtA hai| siddhagati meM kevala sukha hI. sukha hai| vahAM para kisI bhI prakAra kI pIr3A yA bAdhA nahIM hotI hai| siddhagati meM AnandarUpI divAkara kA prakAza sadaiva phailA huA rahatA hai| ataH sarvathA sukhasvarUpa usa siddhagati ko ziva kahA gayA hai| 1. zivamalayamaruyamaNantamakkhayamavvAvAhamapuNarAvattayA~siddhigai-nAmadheyaM ThANaM / / AvassayaM.6.11

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siddha parameSThI 79 (2) acala :calana do prakAra kA hotA hai-eka svAbhAvika tathA dUsarA prAyogika / jo calana kisI-kisI kI preraNA ke binA svabhAvataH hI hotA hai vaha svAbhAvika calana hai| jo vAyu Adi bAhya-nimittoM se utpanna hotA hai, vaha prAyogika calana mAnA jAtA hai| siddhagati meM na to svAbhAvika calana hotA hai aura na hI prAyogika |isiise vaha acala gati kahalAtI hai| (3) aruja :ruja athavA rujA se abhiprAya hai-pIr3A, saMtApa athavA vyAdhi | jise isakA abhAva hai vaha aruja kahalAtA hai| siddhagati meM rahane vAle jIva zarIra-rahita hote hai| unako vAta, pitta aura kaphajanya zArIrika rogoM kA sarvathA abhAva hotA hai / karmarahita hone se unameM bhAva arthAta rogarUpa, rAgadveSa evaM krodha Adi vikAra bhI nahIM hote / ataH vaha siddhagati aruja kahalAtI hai| (4) anantaHantarahita kA nAma hI ananta hai| siddhagati ko prApta hone kIAdito hai parantu usakAanta nahIM kyoMki siddhagati sadaiva vidyamAna rahatI hai| ataH vaha ananta hai| (5) akSaya :kSayarahitatA hI akSaya hai| siddha gati sadaiva apane svarUpa meM avasthita rahatI hai, usakA svarUpa kabhI bhIkSINa nahIM hotaa| siddhagati meM sthita jIvoM kI jJAna Adi Atma-vibhUti meM kisI bhI prakAra kA hAsa athavA kSaya nahIM Ane paataa| isase bhI yaha gati akSaya kahI jAtI (6) avyAbAdha :bAdhA athavA pIr3A se rahita sthiti kA nAma avyAdAdha hai| siddhagati meM mukta AtmAoM ko kisI bhI prakAra kI bAdhA yA pIr3A nahIM hotI aura na hI ve jIva kisI dUsare ko kisI prakAra kI pIr3A pahuMcAte haiN| ata eva siddhagati avyAbAdha kahI gaI hai| (7) apunarAvRti:siddhagati meM jo jIva eka bAra cale jAte haiM, ve sadaiva vahAM hI rahate haiN| ve kabhI bhI vApisa saMsAra meM nahIM Ate / ve vahIM para anantajJAna-darzanaAdiAtmaguNoM meMramaNa karaterahate haiN| ataHsiddhagati apunarAvRttirUpa mAnI gaI hai| (gha) siddhoM ke mUla guNa : AtmA meM jJAna, darzana, sukha, vIrya,samyaktva, sUkSmatva, avagAhanatva aura aguruladhutva ye ATha (svAbhAvika) guNa mAne gae haiM aura jJAnAvaraNa AdiATha karma uparyukta guNoM ke avarodhaka haiM kAraNa ki AtmA para ina ATha karmoM kA AvaraNa par3a jAne se ye guNa prakaTa nahIM hote, parantu jaba AtmA apane puruSArtha

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' 80 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI se ina karmoM kA kSaya kara detA hai, taba siddha-avasthA kI prApti hotI hai| vaise to paramAtmA ananta guNoM kI khAna haiM, phira bhI unameM svataH hI uparyukta ATha guNoM kA AvirbhAva ho jAtA hai| inheM hI siddhoM ke mUlaguNa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| ye viziSTa guNa haiM - (1) anantajJAna :dhyAna yoga ke bala se jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA sarvathA kSaya ho jAne para siddha bhagavAn meM ananta (kevala) jJAna prakaTa ho jAtA hai jisase ve yugapat sarva dravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva ko jAnate haiN| (2) anantadarzana :jaba tapobala se darzanAvaraNIya karma kA bhI sarvathA kSaya ho jAtA hai taba bhavyAtmA (siddha) ko anantadarzana guNa kI upalabdhi ho jAtI hai| aba vaha loka-aloka ke samasta padArthoM ko dekhane meM samartha ho jAtA hai| (3) anantasukha:vedanIya karma kA sarvathA kSaya hone se unheM ananta sukha kI prApti ho jAtI hai| ise dUsare zabdoM meM avyAbAdha sukha bhI kahate haiN| jo sukha paudgalika saMyogase milatA hai, vaha saMyogika sukha kahalAtA hai aura jisameM kisI na kisI prakAra kI vighna-paramparA kA AnA bhI ho sakatA hai, parantu jo sukhapaudgalika saMyoga se rahita hotA hai usameM kabhI bhI kisI prakAra ke vidhnoM kA AnA sambhava hI nahIM hotaa| isI kAraNa vaha ananta avyAbAgha sukha ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| (4)anantavIryaHvidhanasvarUpaantarAyakarmakAkSaya hone para siddhabhagavAn anantavIrya ko prApta kara lete haiN| taba ve ananta zaktimAn ho jAte haiN| (5) samyaktva :darzana mohanIya aura cAritra mohanIya, jo AtmA ke tattvazraddhAnarUpaguNaaura vItarAgatva kI prApti meM vidhnasvarUpa haiM, unake kSaya hone para AtmA samyaktva ko dhAraNa kara letA hai jisase AtmA sva-svarUpa meM ramaNa karane lagatA hai| (6) avagAhanatva :AyuSya karma kI sthiti kA pUrNa rUpa se kSaya hone para siddha jIvoM ko avagAhanatva guNa kI bhI prApti ho jAtI hai| taba siddha jIvoM ko janma evaM maraNa nahIM hote| ve sadA hI svasthiti meM lIna rahate 1. (ka) kRtsnakarmakSayAjjJAnaM kSAyikaM darzanaM punaH / . pratyakSaM sukhamAtmotthaM vIryaJceti ctussttym|| samyaktvaM caiva sUkSmatvamavyAbAdhaguNaHsvataH / astyagurulaghutvaM ca siddhe cASTaguNAHsmRtAH / / paMcAdhyAyI, 2.6 17-18 (kha) sammata NANaM daMsaNavIriya suhamaM taheva avghnnN| agurulahumavvAvAhaM siddhANaM vaNiyA guNadvede / / vasunandi zrAvakAcAra, gA0 537

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81 siddha parameSThI haiN| ise hI akSayasthiti bhI kahA jAtA hai| (7) sUkSmatva :nAmakarma kA sarvathA anta hone para siddha jIva saba prakAra ke sthUla aura sUkSma rUpoM se mukta hokara sUkSmatva (arUpitva) ko prApta ho jAtA hai| taba use indriyAM grahaNa nahIM kara sakatIM, yahI usakI sUkSmatA hai| (E) agurulaghutva :siddhatva lAbha se gotra karma kA bhI kSaya ho jAtA hai aura unheM agurulaghutva guNa kI prApti ho jAtI hai| jaba gotrakarma rahatA hai taba ucca gotra ke kAraNa nAnA prakAra kI gurutA aura nIca gotra ke kAraNa nAnA prakAra kI laghutA kI prApti hotI hai, tathA jaba gotrakarma hI kSINa ho gayA taba gurutA-laghutA bhI samApta ho jAtI hai| isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki siddha bhagavAn agurulaghutva guNa se bhI yukta hote haiN| (Ga) siddhoM ke AdiguNa :AdiguNa se abhiprAya hai-mukta hone ke prathama kSaNa meM hone vAlA gunn| inakI utpatti meM krama-bhAvitva nahIM hotaa| ve sabhI guNa inheM yugapad hI utpanna hote haiM / ataH ye sahabhAvI guNa bhI kahalAte siddhoM ke ye Adi guNa ikatIsa haiM1-5siddhabhagavAn ke pAMca prakAra ke Abhinibodhika,zruta,avadhi,manaHparyaya aura kevalajJAna para Ae hue AvaraNa kA kSaya ho cukA hotA hai| 6-14 siddha bhagavAn ke cAra prakAra ke darzana sambandhI-cakSudarzana, acakSudarzana, avadhidarzana aura kevaladarzana, tathA pAMca prakAra ke nidrA sambandhI-nidrA,nidrA-nidrA,pracalA, pracalA-pracalAaurastyAnagRddha, isa prakAra nau prakAra ke darzanAvaraNa kA bhI kSaya ho cukA hotA hai| 15-16 aise siddha bhagavAn ke vedanIya karma kI donoM prakRtiyAM-sAtArUpa aura asAtArUpa bhI kSINa ho cukI hotI haiM / ataH ve akSaya Atmika sukha meM sadaiva magna rahate haiN| 1. de0-samavAo, Ti0 31.1, ekatIsaM siddhAiguNA paNNattA, taM jahA khINe AbhiNivohiyaNANAvaraNe, khINe suyaNANAvaraNe, khINe ohiNANAvaraNe, khINe maNapajjavaNANAvaraNe, khINe kevalaNANAvaraNe, khINe cakkhudaMsaNAvaraNe, khINe acakkhudaMsaNAvaraNe, khINe ohidaMsaNAvaraNe, khINe kevaladaMsaNAvaraNe, khINA niddA, khINA niddA-niddA, khINApayalA,khINA payalA-payalA,khINAthINAgiddhi,khINe sAyAveyaNijje,khINe asAyAveyaNijje,khINedaMsaNamohaNijje,khINe carittamohaNijje,khINe neraiyAue, khINe tiriyAue,khINe maNussAue, khINe devAue,khINe accAgoe,khINe niccAgoe, khINezubhaNAme,khINeazubhaNAme,khINedANAMtarAya, khINe ulAbhAMtarAe,khINebhogAMtarAe, khINe uvabhogAMtarAe, khINe viiriyNtraae| samavAo, 31.1

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82 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI 17-18 unake mohanIya karma kI donoM prakRtiyAM-darzanamohanIya evaM cAritramohanIya, bhI samApta ho jAtI haiM jisase ve kSAyika samyaktva se yukta ho jAte haiN| 16-22AyuSyakarma kI cAroM prakRtiyAM-narakAyu tiryaJcAyu, manuSyAyu aura devAyu ke kSaya ho jAne se ve zAzvata, nitya yathAsthiti ko prApta ho jAte haiN| 23-24 gotrakarma kI donoM prakRtiyAM-uccagotra aura nIcagotra kA bhI abhAva ho cukA hotA hai jisase ve agurulaghutva avasthA ko prApta ho jAte haiN| 25-26 isIprakAra nAmakarmakI donoM prakRtiyAM-zubhanAmaaura azubhanAma ke bhIkSINa ho jAne se ve saba prakAra ke rUpoM se mukta hokara arUpitva sukSmatva ko prApta ho jAte haiN| 27-31siddhabhagavAn ke antarAya karma kI pAMcoM prakRtiyAM-dAnAntarAya, lAbhAntarAya, bhogAntarAya, upabhogAntarAya aura vIryAntarAya karma ke sarvathA kSaya ho jAne se ukta pAMcoM ananta zaktiyAM bhI unameM prAdurbhUta ho jAtI haiM jisase ve ananta zaktimAn kahe jAte haiN| uparyakta siddhoM ke 31AdiguNoM ke vivecana se yaha vidita hotA hai ki ye guNa pUrvotara unake ATha mUluguNoM kA hI vistRta rUpa hai| (ca) siddhoM kI avagAhanAH ___avagAhanA se abhiprAya hai-zarIra kA AkAra yA uuNcaaii| siddha zarIra rahita hote haiM parantu unake bhautika zarIra evaM rUpa Adi ke na hone para siddha jIva kA abhAva ho jAtA hai kintu aisA nahIM hai kAraNa ki unheM ghanarUpa kahA gayA hai| mana, vacana, kAya yogoM kA tyAga karate samaya ayogI guNasthAna meM jaisA ki antima zarIra kA AkAra rahatA hai, usa AkArarUpa una jIvoM ke pradezoM kA ghanarUpa siddhoM kA AkAra hotA hai| ghanarUpa kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki mokSa abhAva rUpa nahIM hai, apitu bhAvAtmaka hai| siddha-avagAhanA kA AkAra : uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM batalAyA gayA hai ki 'mukta hone se pUrva jIva jisa 1. jIvapradezavyApitvaM taavdvgaahnmucyte|| sa030, 10.6, pR0324 . 2. jaM jassadu saMThANaM carimasarIrassa jogajahaNammi taM saMThANaM tassa du jIvaghaNo hoi siddhassa / / bhaga0 A0 2.26

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siddha parameSThI 83 zarIra se yukta hotA hai, usa zarIra kA jitanA AkAra hotA hai, usake tRtIya bhAga nyUna (do tRtIyAMza) siddhoM kI avagAhanA hotI hai kyoMki zarIra ke na hone se siddhoM meM nAsikA Adi ke chidrabhAga ghanarUpa ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra siddhoM kI AkRti kI kalpanA unake antima janma ke zarIra ke AdhAra para hI kI gaI hai| yadyapive jIva rUpaAdi rahita hote haiM phira bhI jo yaha Atma-pradezoM ke vistAra kI kalpanA kI gaI hai, vaha AkAza pradeza meM sthita AtmA ke adRzya pradezoM kI apekSA se hai| yahAM para yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki alpasthAna meM ananta siddha rahate haiM parantu unameM paraspara uparodha nahIM hotA kyoMki unameM avagAhana zakti vidyamAna hai| eka choTe se sthAna meM jaba mUrtimAna nAnA dIpakoM ke prakAza meM bhI paraspara ghAta karane vAlA virodha nahIM dekhA jAtA taba amUrtika siddhoM meM to uparodha ho hI kaise sakatA hai? 2 amUrta hone se eka AtmA ke pradezoM meM anya AtmA ke pradeza bhI raha sakate haiN| isa prakAra eka sthAna para rahate hue aneka siddhoM meM paraspara kisI bhI prakAra kA uparodha nahIM hotA hai| (cha) siddhoM kA anupama sukha : siddha bhagavAn mukta avasthA meM sukha kA anubhava karate haiN| unakA sukha sAMsArika sukha kI taraha nahIM hotaa| siddhoM ko jo sukha milatA hai, vaha to anirvacanIya hai |AcArya kundakunda ne use atizaya,avyAbAgha,ananta,anupama, indriyaviSayAtIta, aprApta aura acyavana (acala) kahA hai|' __ aupapAtikasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jaise koI maleccha nagara kI anekavidha vizeSatAoM ko dekha cukane para bhI upamA na milane se unakA varNana nahIM kara sakatA, vaise hI siddhoM kA sukha anupama hotA hai| ve janma, jarA aura 1. usseho jassa jo hoi bhavammi carimammi u / tibhAgahINA tatto ya siddhANogAhaNA bhave / / u0 36.64 alpakSetre tu siddhAnAmanantAnAM prsjyte| parasparoparodho'pi nAvagAhanazaktitaH / / nAnAdIpaprakAzeSu mUrtimatsvapi dRshyte| na virodhaH pradezo'lpe hantAmUrteSu kiM punH|| ta0sA0 8.13-14 3. aisayamavvAvAhaM sokkhamaNataM aNovamaM paramaM / iMdiyavisayAtIdaM appattaM accavaM ca te pattA / / dazabhakti, pR056 4. jaha NAma koi miccho, nagaraguNe bahuvihe viyaannNto| na caei parikaheuM, uvamAe tahiM asNtiie||| iya siddhANaM sokkhaM, aNovamaM Natthi tassa ovmm| kiMci viseseNetto, ovammamiNaM suNaha vocchN|| ovAiyaM, 16 5(16-17) .

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84 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI maraNa ke bandhana se rahita hote haiM / ataH ve avyAbAdha aura zAzvata sukha kA anubhava karate haiN| ve atula sukhasAgara aura anupama avyAbAgha sukha ko prApta hue hote haiM | anantasukha vAle ve anantasukhI, vartamAna evaM anAgata sabhI kAloM meM pUrvavat hI sukhI rahate haiN|' AcArya vimalasUribhI ukta mata kA samarthana karate hue kahate haiM ki 'jo siddha jIva hote haiM unakA sukha ananta, anupama, akSaya, amala eMva kisI bhI prakAra kI bAdhAoM se sadaiva mukta hotA hai| zrI yogIndu ne to unake sukha ko zAzvata (sukha) batalAyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki 'siddha kA to svabhAva hI paramAnanda svarUpa hai, phira sukha zAzvata kyoM nahIM hogA? siddhoM kA sukha devendra evaM cakravartiyoM ke sukha se baDhakara : ___ AcArya zivArya kahateM haiM ki jo bAdhArahita, anupama evaM parama sukha siddhoM kA prApta hai, vaha parama Rddhi cakravartitva Adi ke dhAraka paramapuruSoM ko bhI prApta nahIM hotaa| isa loka meM devendra aura cakravartI zabda, rasa, rUpa, gandha aura sparzajanya jisa uttama indriya sukha ko bhogate haiM, vaha sukha siddhoM ke sukha kA anantavAM bhAga bhI nahIM hai| saba manuSyoM, tiryaJcoM aura devoM ko tInoM kAloM meM jitanA sukha hotA hai vaha samasta sukha siddhoM ke eka kSaNamAtra meM hone 1. Nicchinna savvadukkhA, jaaijraamrnnbdhnnvimukkaa| avvAvAhaM sukkhaM, aNuhoti sAsayaM siddhaa|| atula suhasAgaragayA avvAvAhaM aNovamaM pttaa| savvamaNAgayamaddhaM ciTThati suhI suhaM pttaa|| ovAiyaM, 16 5(21-22) 2. jo honti siddhajIvA, tANa aNantaM suhaM aNovamiyaM / akkhayamayalamaNantaM, havaha sayAbAhaparimukkaM / / pauma02.63 3. aNNu vi bandhu vi tihuyaNahaM saasy-sukkh-shaau| titthu ji sayalu vikAlu jiya Nivasai lddh-shaau|| paramAtma0 2.202 4. Niccu NiraMjaNu NANamau prmaannNd-shaau| jo ehau so saMtu siu tAsu muNijjahi bhaau|| vahI, 1.17 5. parimiDDhipattANaM maNusANaM Natthi taM suhaM loe / avvAbAdhamaNovamaM paramasuhaM tassa siddhassa / / bhaga0 A0, gA02141 deviMdacakkavaTTI iMdiyasokkhaM ca taM aNuhaMvati / , saharasaruvagaMdhappharisappayamuttamaM loe / / avvAbAdhaM ca suhaM siddhAjaM aNuhavaMti logagge / tassa huM aNaMtabhAgo iMdiyasokkhaM tayaM hojja / / vahI, gA02142-43

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85 siddha parameSThI vAle sukha ke bhI barAbara nahIM haiN|' uparyukta varNana se yaha svataH spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki siddha jIva zAzvata ananta, sabhI prakAra kI bAdhAoM se rahita evaM anupama alaukika sukha kA Ananda lete haiN| unakA sukha devoM evaM cakravartiyoM Adi ke sukha se bhI bar3hakara hotA hai| yahAM para AzaMkA ho sakatI hai ki jo siddha AThoM karmoM se rahita haiM,sukha kI sAdhanabhUta sAmagrI jinake pAsa hai hI nahIM, phira ve sukhI kaise ho sakate haiM? isake samAdhAna meM AcArya guNabhadra kahate haiM ki tapasvI jo svAdhInatApUrvaka kAyaklezaAdi ke kaSTa ko sahate haiM, vaha bhIjaba unako sukhakara pratIta hotA hai taba phira josiddha svAdhInasukha se sampanna haiM vesukhI kyoMkara na hoMgearthAt avazya hI hoNge| parAdhInatA kA abhAva hI sukha : parAdhInatA kA jo abhAva hai vahI vAstava meM sukha hai, aura vaha siddhoM meM pUrNatayA vidyamAna hai| sampati Adi ke saMyoga se jo sukha hotA hai vaha parAdhIna (sukha) hai kyoMki tadanurUpa puNya ke udaya se jaba taka una parapadArthoM kI anukUlatA hai tabhI taka vaha sukha rahatA hai| isake pazcAt vaha sukha naSTa ho jAtA hai parantu jo siddhoM kA svAdhIna sukha hai vaha zAzvata hai, sadaiva usI prakAra banA rahatA hai| AcArya amRtacandrasUri kahate haiM ki 'isa loka meM viSaya, vedanA kA abhAva, vipAka aura mokSa ina cAra arthoM meM sukha zabda kA prayoga hotA hai / jaise agni sukha rUpa hai, yahAM viSaya artha meM sukha zabda prayukta huA hai / duHkha kA abhAva hone para vyakti kahatA hai ki 'maiM sukhI haM',yahAM vedanA ke abhAva meM sukha zabda AyA hai| puNyakarma ke udaya se indriyoM ke iSTa padArthoM se utpanna huA sukha hotA hai, yahAM vipAka artha meM sukha zabda kA prayoga hai aura karmajanya klezoM se chuTakArA milane se mokSa meM utkRSTa sukha hotA hai, yahAM mokSa artha meM sukha zabda kA prayoga hai| isa prakAra mokSa ko prApta hue siddha bhI sukha kA anubhava karate haiN| mokSa meM siddhoM ke yadyapizarIra nahIM hai aura na hI kisI karma kA udaya hai, phira bhI karmajanya klezoM se chuTakArA mila jAne ke kAraNa unheM sarvazreSTha sukha prApta hotA hai| sukha AtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa hai parantu moha Adi karmoM 1. tIsu vi kAlesu suhANi jANi mANusatirakkhadevANaM / savvANi tANi Na samANi tassa khaNamittasokkheNa / / vahI, gAA02145 2. svAdhInyAduHkhamapyAsItsukhaM yadi tpsvinaam|| svAdhInasukhasaMpannA na siddhAH sukhinaH katham / / AtmAnuzAsanam, zloka 267 3 de0-ta0sA08.46.46

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86 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI ke udayakAla meM usakA svAbhAvika pariNamana na hokara duHkharUpa asvAbhAvika pariNamana hotA hai| siddha jIva ke ina moha Adi karmoM kA sarvathA abhAva ho jAtA hai, isalie unake guNoM kA svAbhAvika pariNamana hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki unake samAna sukha saMsAra meM kisI anya prANI ke nahIM hotA hai| (ja) siddhoM kI sAdimuktatA : aisA koI bhI kAla nathA, na hai aura na hogA jaba jIva mokSa prApta na karate hoN| isake sAtha-sAtha yaha bhI nizcita hI hai ki koI bhI jIva anAdimukta nahIM hai kAraNa ki muktAvasthA (mokSa) se pUrva saMsArAvasthA avazya svIkAra kI jAtI hai| mokSa pada vyAkaraNa meM 'muc' dhAtu se kRdanta meM yA pratyaya lagAne para banatA hai jisakA artha hai--chuTakArA prApta karanA / AdhyAtmika viSaya hone se yahAM saMsAra ke bandhanabhUta karmoM se chuTakArA honA athavA unase pUrNataH mukti prApta karanA hI abhipreta artha hai| AcArya umAsvAti kahate haiM ki bandha ke hetuoM ke abhAva aura nirjarA se karmoM kA Atyantika kSaya hotA hai tathA sampUrNa karmoM kA kSaya hI mokSa hai-kRtsnakarmakSayo mokssH| isa prakAra bandhana ke pazcAt hI mokSa hotA hai| (a) eka jIva kI apekSA siddha-sAdi anantaH kisI eka mokSagata jIva kI apekSA se siddha bhagavAn ko sAdi-ananta kahA jAtA hai kyoMki jisa kAla meM amuka jIva mokSa meM hai, usa kAla kI apekSA se usa jIva kI Adi to hai parantu apunarAvRtti hone se vaha ananta hai| ata eva siddha bhagavAn sAdi ananta hai| (A) samudAya kI apekSA siddha anAdi-ananta : samudAya kIapekSA se siddhaanAditathA ananta bhI hai| yahAM para samudAya kI apekSA se mukta jIvoM kI utpatti ko jo anAdi kahA gayA hai usakA abhiprAya yaha nahIM hai ki kucha aise bhI mukta jIva haiM jo kabhI bandhanayukta arthAt saMsArAvasthA meM nahIM rahe haiN| isakA mAtra yahI bhAva hai ki bahuta se mukta jIva aise bhI haiM jinakI utpatti kA AdikAla nahIM batalAyA jA sakatA kAraNa hai ki yaha batalAnA mAnava kI kalpanA-zakti se pare hai| isI se unheM anAdi kahA gayA hai| 1. mithyAdarzanAviratipramAdakaSAyayogA bandhahetavaH / / ta0sU0 8.1 2. bandhahetvabhAvanirjarAbhyAm / vahI, 10.2 3. ta0sU0, 10.3 4. egatteNa sAIyA apajjavasiyA vi ya / puhutteNa aNAIyA apajjavasiyA vi ya / / u0 36.65

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87 siddha parameSThI (jha) siddhoM kA nivAsa sthAna : sampUrNa karmoM kA kSaya hote hI mukta jIva turanta loka ke anta taka Upara jAtA hai| karmakSaya aura Urdhvagamana meM yaugapadya sambandha batalAyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra dravyakarma kI utpatti kA prArambha aura vinAza sAtha hI sAtha hote haiM, usI prakAra siddha bhagavAn kI mokSa viSayaka gati saMsAra ke kSaya hote hI sAtha hI sAtha hotI hai| jisa prakAra prakAza kI utpatti aura andhakAra kA vinAza eka sAtha hotA hai usI prakAra nirvANa kI utpatti aura karmoM kA vinAza bhI eka sAtha hotA hai / isa prakAra karmakSaya hote hI mukta jIva Urdhvagamana karatA hai| aisA mAna lene para yahAM yaha prazna uThatA hai ki karma yA zarIra Adi paudgalika padArthoM kI sahAyatA ke binA amUrta jIva gati kaise karatA hai? Urdhvagati hI kyoM karatA hai? adhogati athavA tiryak (tirachI) gati kyoM nahIM karatA? Urdhvagati ke kAraNa : uparyukta praznoM ke samAdhAna meM vAcaka umAsvAti ne mUlataH cAra bAteM batalAyIM haiM ve haiM (1) pUrva ke saMskAra se, (2) karma ke saMgarahita ho jAne se, (3) bandha kA nAza ho jAne se aura (4) Urdhvagamana kA svabhAva hone se, muktajIva Urdhvagamana karatA hai| saMsArI jIva ne mukta hone se pahale kaI bAra mokSa kI prApti ke lie prayatna kiyA hai| isI se pUrva kA saMskAra rahane se jIva Urdhvagamana karatA hai| jIva jaba taka karmabhArasahita rahatA hai taba taka saMsAra meM binA kisI niyama ke gamana karatA hai aura karmabhAra se rahita ho jAne para Upara kI ora gamana karatA hai| anya janma ke kAraNa gati, jAti Adi samasta karmabandha ke nAza ho jAne se jIva Urdhvagamana karatA hai aura Agama meM jIva kA svabhAva Urdhvagamana karane kA batalAyA gayA hai| ataH karmoM ke naSTa ho jAne para apane svabhAva ke anusAra jIva kA Urdhvagamana hI hotA hai| tattvArthavRttikAra ne uparyukta mukta jIva ke Urdhvagamana ke cAra kAraNoM ko cAra dRSTAntoM dvArA nimna prakAra se spaSTa kiyA hai1. tadantaramUrdhvaM gacchatyAlokAntAt / / ta0sU0 10.5 2. dravyasya karmaNo yadvaduttpatyArambhavItayaH / samaM tathaiva siddhasya gatirmokSe bhavakSayAt / / utpattizca vinAzazca prkaashtmsorih| yugapadabhavato yadvattadvannirvANakarmaNoH / / ta0sA08.35-36 3. pUrvaprayogAdasaGgatvAbandhachedAttathAgatipariNAmAcca tadgatiH / tasU0, 10.6 4. de0-ta0vR0, 10.6, pR0 321.22 5. de0-vahI, 10.7, pR0322.23

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jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI (1) pUrva saMskAra : jisa prakAra kumhAra ke hAtha aura daNDe se cAka ko eka bAra ghumA dene para vaha cAka pUrva-saMskAra se barAbara ghUmatA rahatA hai usI prakAra mukta jIva pUrva saMskAra se Urdhvagamana karatA hai| (2) karmasaMgarahita ho jAnA : jisa prakAra miTTI ke lepase yukta tUMbI jala meM DUba jAtI hai aura lepa ke dUra (naSTa) hone para vahI Upara A jAtI hai usI prakAra karmalepa se rahita jIva svabhAvataH Urdhvagamana karatA haiM (3) bandha kA nAza ho jAnA : jisa prakArasa eraNDa vRkSa kA sUkhA bIja phalI ke phaTane para Upara ko jAtA hai usI prakAra mukta jIva karmabandha se mukta hote hI Urdhvagamana karatA hai| (4) Urdhvagamana kA svabhAva: jisa prakAra vAyurahita sthAna meM agni kI zikhA svabhAva se Upara kI ora jAtI hai usI prakAra mukta jIva bhI svabhAva se hI Urdhvagamana karatA bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM batalAyA gayA hai ki 'jaise vega se pUrNa vyakti ThaharanA cAhate hue bhI nahIM Thahara pAtA usI prakAra dhyAna ke prayoga se AtmA Upara kI ora hI jAtA hai|' isa prakAra Urdhvagamana karatA huA AtmA eka samaya vAlI vigraharahita gati se AkAza ke pradezoM kA sparza na karate hue tIvravega se loka ke zikhara para virAjamAna ho jAtA hai aura vaha sadaiva ke lie vahIM Thahara jAtA hai| Age aloka meM nahIM jaataa| punaH yahAM prazna uThatA hai ki mukta AtmA loka ke agrabhAva se Age gati kyoM nahIM karatA? isa prazna ke samAdhAna svarUpa kahA gayA hai ki 'dharmadravya loka ke agrabhAga taka hI hai usake Age nhiiN|atHmuktjiiv lokAgra se Age 1. jhANeNa ya taha appA paogado jeNa jAdi so uddddhN| . vegeNa pUrido jaha ThAidukAmo viya Na tthaadi|| bhaga0A0, gA02223 2. to so aviggahAe gadIe samae aNaMtare cev| pAvadi jayassa siharaM khittaM kAleNa ya phusNto|| vahI, 22.25

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siddha parameSThI aloka meM gamana nahIM karatA kyoMkidharmadravya gati karate hue jIvoM aura pudgaloM kI gati meM upakAra karatA hai|' (Ja) siddhazilA: Urdhvagamana ke pazcAt siddha bhagavAn loka ke uparitama bhAga meM nivAsa karate haiM / yaha sthAna lokAgravartI siddhazilA ke nAma se prasiddha hai ise nirvANa avyAbAdha, siddhi,lokAgra,kSema, ziva aura anAbAdha nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| ise hI maharSigaNa prApta karate haiN|' (a) siddhazilA baikuNTha paramadhAma : jainetara jagat meM ise hI baikuNTha yA paramadhAma ke nAma se pukArA jAtA hai| svayaM prakAzamAna jisa parama pada ko na to sUrya prakAzita kara sakatA hai, na candramA evaM na agni hI prakAzita kara sakatI hai, tathA jisa parama pada ko prApta hokara manuSya punaH saMsAra meM nahIM Ate vaha paramadhAma kahA gayA haiN| use hI avyakta, akSara evaM paramagati ityAdi nAmoM se bhI pukArA gayA hai| (A) siddhakSetra kI sthiti : yahAM sahaja hI jijJAsA utpanna hotI hai ki yaha siddhakSetra athavA paramadhAma vizva ke kaunase bhAga meM avasthita hai? usakI kSetra-paridhi kyA hai? isa sambandha meM jainetara darzana to prAyaH mauna hI haiN| vahAM AtmA ko sarvavyApaka mAnA gayA hai| ataH unake mata meM to sampUrNa jagat hI siddhoM kA kSetra kahA jA sakatA hai parantu jainadarzana isa viSaya meM apanA viziSTa mantavya prastuta karatA hai| kSetra kI dRSTi se vizva ko do bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai| isakA vaha bhAga jahAM para jIva tathA ajIva donoM hI padArthoM kI sattA hai vaha loka hai tathA dUsarA bhAga jahAM ajIva kA eka deza (bhAga) kevala AkAza hai, vaha aloka kahA jAtA hai| phira loka ko bhI tIna bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai-Urdhvaloka, madhyaloka tathA adholok| 1. dhammAbhAveNa du logagge paDihammade alogeNa / gadimuvakuNadi hu dhammo jIvANaM poggalANaM c|| vahI, 2228 2. sIyAe joyaNe tatto loyanto u viyaahio| u0 36.61 3. nivvANaM ti abAhaM ti siddhI logaggameva y| khemaM sivaM aNAbAhaM jaM caranti mhesinno|| vahI, 23.84 4 na tadbhAsayate sUryo na zazAGko na pAvakaH / yadgatvA na nivartante taddhAma paramaM mama / / gItA, 15.6 5. avyakto'kSara ityuktastamAhuH paramAM gatim / yaM prApya na nivartante taddhAma paramaM mama / / vahI, 8.21 6. jIvA ceva ajIvA ya esa loe viyaahie| ajovadesamAgAse aloe se viyaahie|| u036.2 7. uDDhe ahe ya tiriyaM ca / vahI, 36.50

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90 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI jananivAsa ke UparI bhAga ko Uloka batalAyA gayA haiN| jahAM mukhya rUpase deva nivAsa karate haiM use devaloka se jAnA jAtA hai| use hIyakSalokara tathA brahmaloka bhI batalAyA gayA hai| Urdhvaloka meM Upara-Upara devoM ke kaI vimAna haiN| saba prakAra kI abhilASAoM ko pUrNa karane vAle 'sarvArtha siddha' nAmaka antima vimAna se 12 yojana (lagabhaga 48000 kroza kSetra-pramANa) Upara ISatprAgbhArA nAmaka pRthvI hai jo paiMtAlIsa lAkha yojana lambI tathA utanI hI caur3I hai| isakI paridhi usase tigunI hai| madhyabhAga meM isakI moTAI ATha yojana hai, jo kramazaH cAroM ora se patalI hotI huI antima bhAga meM makkhI ke paMkha se bhI patalI raha gaI hai| isakA AkAra khole hue chatra ke samAna hai| zaMkha, aMka-ratna (ratna-vizeSa) aura kunda ke puSpa ke samAna svabhAvataH sapheda, nirmala, zubha evaM suvarNamayI hone se ise 'sItA' nAma se bhI kahA gayA hai| isasItA nAmaka ISatprAgbhArA pRthvIse eka yojana-pramANa Upara vAle kSetra ko lokAntabhAga kahA gayA hai kyoMki isake bAda loka kI sImA samApta ho jAtI haiN| isI eka yojana-pramANa lokAntabhAga ke UparI kroza ke chaThe bhAga meM siddhoM kA nivAsa mAnA gayA hai|" (Ta) vibhinna apekSAoM se siddhoM kI gaNanA : uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke anusAra mukti kA dvAra sabhI jIvoM ke lie sabhI kSetroM meM tathA sabhI kAloM meM khulA rahatA hai| yahAM eka samaya meM eka sAtha siddha hone vAle jIvoM kI jo saMkhyA batalAI gaI hai vaha isa prakAra hai1. devaloga-cuo sNto| vahI, 16.8 2. gacche jakkhasalogayaM / u05.24 3. se cue bmbhlogaao|| vahI, 18.26 4. vistAra ke lie de0-vahI, 36.57-62 5. dasa gheva napuMsesu vIsaM itthiyaasuy| purisesu ya aTThasayaM samaeNegeNa sijjhii|| cattAriya gihiliMge annaliMge daseva y| saligeNa ya aTThasayaM samaeNegeNa sijjhii|| ukko sogAhaNAe ya sijjhante jugavaM duve| cattAri jahannAe javamajjhaTThuttaraM sayaM / / cauruDDhaloe ya duve samudadde tao jale vIsamahe taheva / sayaM ca aThuttara tiriyaloe samaeNegeNa u sijjhaI u|| u036.51-54

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siddha parameSThI 91 'siddha hone vAle jIva adhikatama saMkhyA puruSa strI napuMsaka jaina sAdhu (svaliMgI) . jainetara sAdhu (anya liMgI) gRhastha zarIra kI sarvAdhika avagAhanA vAle zarIra kI sabase kama avagAhanA vAle zarIra kI madhyama avagAhanA vAle Urdhvaloka se adholoka se madhyaloka (tiryak loka) se jalAzayoM se samudra se puruSaliMgI jaina sAdhu meM siddha hone kI sarvAdhika yogyatA : - uparyukta AMkar3oM ko dekhane se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki siddha hone kI sarvAdhika yogyatA madhyalokavartI madhyama zarIra kI avagAhanA vAle puruSaliMgI jaina sAdhuoM meM haiN| yahAM yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jisa jIva ko jisa sthAna meM jisa prakAra ke choTe-bar3e zarIra ke vartamAna rahane para siddha hone kI yogyatA kI pUrNatA prApta ho jAe vaha usI sthAna se aura usI zarIra se siddha ho jAtA hai| manuSya gati meM hI mukti-lAbha : yahAM yaha bAta bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ki deva, naraka evaM tiryaJca gati se siddha hone vAle jIvoM kI saMkhyA kA vizeSa rUpa se ullekhana karake sAmAnyataH puruSa, strI va napuMsakaliMgI jIvoM ke viSaya meM hI batalAyA gayA hai / isase yaha spaSTa saMketa milatA hai ki manuSya gati vAlA jIva hI sIdhA mukti ko prApta kara sakatA hai, anya deva Adi gati vAle jIva manuSya-paryAya meM Akara hI mukta ho sakate haiN| 108

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jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI Urdhvaloka evaM adholoka se siddha hone vAle jIvoM kI saMkhyA kA jo ullekha kiyA gayA hai vaha bhI vahAM para vidyamAna manuSyagati ke jIvoM kI apekSA se hI hai jo kisI vizeSa kAraNa se vahAM cale gae haiM / ataH yaha spaSTa hI hai ki mAtra manuSya hI mokSa kA adhikArI hai| digambara paramparA meM to manuSya gati meM bhI kevala puruSa ko hI mukti kA adhikArI batalAyA gayA hai, strI evaM napuMsaka ko nhiiN|' yahAM para gRhastha evaM jainetara sAdhu ko jo mukti kA adhikArI batalAyA gayA hai vaha bAhya upAdhi kI apekSA se hai kyoMki bhAva kI dRSTi se to pUrNa-vItarAgatva ko prApta karanA sabhI ke lie nitAnta Avazyaka hai / gRhastha evaM jainetara sAdhuoM meM birale hI jIva isa pada ko prApta karate haiN| ataH eka samaya meM adhika se adhika siddha hone vAle aise jIvoM kI saMkhyA jaina sAdhuoM kI apekSA kama batalAI gaI hai| eka samaya meM siddha hone vAle jIvoM kI saMkhyA : yahAM para eka samaya meM adhika se adhika siddha hone vAle jIvoM kI jo saMkhyA batalAI gaI hai usakA tAtparya yahI hai ki yadi eka hI samaya meM jIva adhika se adhika saMkhyA meM siddha hoM to 108 hI siddha ho sakate haiM, isase adhika nahIM parantu eka samaya meM kama se kama kitane siddha ho sakate haiM isa viSaya meM yahAM koI saMketa upalabdha nahIM hotA hai / ataH aisA bhI ho sakatA hai ki kisI samaya meM eka bhI jIva siddha na ho / isa viSaya meM tattvArthavRttikAra kA abhimata hai ki saMkhyA kI apekSA jaghanya se eka samaya meM eka jIva siddha hotA hai aura utkRSTa se eka samaya meM eka sau ATha jIva siddha hote haiM / yadi jIva lagAtAra siddha hote raheM to jaghanya do samaya aura utkRSTa ATha samaya kAantara hogA arthAt itane samaya taka siddha hote raheMge aura yadi siddha hone meM vyavadhAna par3egA to jaghanya eka samaya aura utkRSTa chaha mAsa kA antara hogaa| isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ho sakatA hai kisI eka samaya meM siddha hone meM vyavadhAna A jAe aura eka bhI jIva siddha na ho sake / - 1. na strImokSameti digambaraH / jinadatta sUri, uddhata (baladeva), bhAratIya darzana, pR063 2. jaghanyena ekasamaye ekaH siddhyti|| utkarSeNa aSTottarazatasaMkhyA ekasamaye siddhynti| ta0vR0 10.6, pR0 325 3. sidhyatAM puruSANAM kimantaraM bhavatIti prazne nikRSTatvena dvau samayau bhavataH utkarSaNa aSTasamayA antaraM bhavati / vahI, pR0325 4. dvAyapi bhedau jghnysy| jaghanyena ekaH samayaH / utkarSeNa SaNamAsA antaraM bhavati / vahI, pR0 325

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siddha parameSThI (Tha) siddhoM ke prakAra : sthAnAGgasUtra meM siddha kI ekatA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / Age calakara unake pandraha prakAra batalAe gae haiM parantu siddhoM meM AtmA kA pUrNa vikAsa ho cukA hotA hai ve sabhI sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, sakala karmoM ke bandhana se rahita tathAanupama sukhaAdise sampanna hote haiM / ataH AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se unameM koI bhIbheda nahIM hotA |isii abheda kI dRSTi se kahA gayA hai ki siddha eka hai| siddhoM meM jo bheda kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai vaha antima janma kI upAdhi kI apekSA se hai / tattvArthasUtra meM batalAyA gayA hai ki bhUtakAla kI apekSA se siddha jIvoM meM kSetra, kAla gati, liMga ityAdi kI dRSTi se kiJcit bheda sambhava hai / vastutaH siddha jIvoM ke azarIrI hone se unameM gati, liMga ityAdi sAMsArika bhAva nahIM rahate | ataH unameM kisI bhI prakAra kA bheda nahIM pAyA jAtA hai| pUrvajanma ke vividha sambandha sUtroM ke AdhAra para nimnalikhita pandraha prakAra ke siddha mAne gae haiM (1) tIrthasiddhaHtIrthakI vidyamAnatA meM jo siddha hue haiM ve tIrthasiddha haiN| (2) atIrthasiddha : jo tIrtha kI sthApanA se pahale yA tIrtha ke viccheda ke pazcAt jAti smaraNa Adi ke daudha ko prAta kara siddha hue, ve atIrthasiddha haiM / (3) tIrthakara siddha :jo tIrthakara ke rUpa meM siddha hote haiM, ve tIrthakara siddha haiN| (4) atIrthakara siddha :jo sAmAnya kevalI ke rUpa meM siddha hote haiM, ve atIrthakara siddha haiM (5) svayaMbuddhasiddhaHjo guru-upadezaaura bAhya nimitta ke binA svayaM 1. ege siddheza ThANaM, 1.52 2. de0 vahI, 1.214-228 3. kSetrakAlagatiliMgatIrthacAritrapratyekabuddhabodhita jJAnAvagAhanAntarasaMkhyAlpabahutvataH sAdhyAH / ta0 sU0 10.7 4. aNaMtarasiddhakevalanANaM pannarasavihaM paNNattaM, taM jahA-(1) titthasiddhA, (2) atitthasiddhA, (3) titthayarasiddhA, (4) atitthayarasiddhA, (5) sayaMbuddhasiddhA, (6)patteyabuddhasiddhA. (7) buddhabohiyasiddhA,(da) ithiliGgasiddhA, (6)purisaliMgasiddhA, (10) napuMsaliMgasiddhA, (11)saliMgasiddhA.(12)aNNaliMgasiddhA, (13) gihIliMgasiddhA, (14) egasiddhA, (15) aNegasiddhA / nandIsUtra, kevalajJAna prkrnn|

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94 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI bodhi prApta kara siddha banate haiM, ve svayaM buddha siddha hote haiM | (6) pratyekabuddhasiddha :jo guru upadeza ke binA kisI bAhya nimita anitya Adi bhAvanA se prabuddha hokara siddha hote haiM, ve pratyeka buddha siddha haiN| (7) baddhabodhitasiddha :jo AcArya Adi ke dvArA bodhi prApta kara siddha hote haiM, ve buddha bodhita siddha haiM / (E) strIliMga siddha jo strI zarIra meM siddha hote haiM ve straliMga siddha haiN| (6) puruSaliMga siddha :jo puruSa zarIra meM siddha hote haiM ve puruSaliMga siddha haiN| (10)napuMsakaliMgasiddhaHjo napuMsakazarIrase siddha hote haiM ve napuMsakaliMga siddha haiM / (11) svaliMga siddha :jo jaina sampradAya kA sAdhuveza rajoharaNa evaM mukhavastrikA Adi dhAraNa karake siddha hote haiM, ve svaliMga siddha haiN| (12) anyaliGaga siddha :kisI jainetara sampradAya ke veza meM jo siddha hota haiM ve anyaliMga siddha haiM / (13) gRhiliGga siddha : gRhastha ke veza meM hI pariNAma vizuddhi prApta kara jo siddha hote haiM, ve gRhiliGga siddha haiM / (14) eka siddha :jo apane siddha hone ke samaya meM akele siddha hue hoM ve eka siddha kahalAte haiN| (15) aneka siddha :jo apane siddha hone ke samaya meM eka sAtha do se lekara utkRSTataH 108 taka siddha haiM ve aneka siddha kahalAte haiM / isa prakAra jainadharma kI yaha spaSTa dhoSaNA hai ki saMsAra kA koI bhI manuSya bhale hI vaha kisI bhI jAti, dharma-sampradAya, deza aura rUpa kA ho, vItarAgatA Adi AdhyAtki guNoM kA vikAsa karake siddha pada ko prApta kara sakatA hai| (Ga) siddha-bhakti : AcArya kundakunda siddhoM ke parama bhakta the| unakA dRr3ha vizvAsa hai ki siddhoM kI bhakti se paramazuddha samyak jJAna prApta hotA hai| unakI bhakti karane 1. jaramaraNajammarahiyA te siddhA mama subhttijuttss| deMtu varaNANalAhaM buhayaNaparipatthaNaM paramasuddhaM / / dazabhakti, pR058

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95 siddha parameSThI vAle ko vaha sukha milatA hai, jo siddhoM ke atirikta aura kisI ko upalabdha nahIM hai|' (a) parama aizvarya-prApti evaM pApa-mukti : yahAM AcArya samantabhadra kA abhimata hai ki mAnoM bhavasAgara meM DUbe hue bhavya prANiyoM kA uddhAra karane ke lie hI siddha lokAgra zikhara para virAjamAna haiM arthAt ve saMsAra rUpI samudra meM DUbe hue prANiyoM ko pAra lagAte haiM tathA bar3e se bar3A pApI svakRta pApoM se chUTa jAtA hai|' (A) ratnatraya kI prApti AcAryazAntisUrikI dRSTi meM siddhoM ko sira jhukAnAsarvottamabhAvanamaskAra hai| AcArya somadeva bhI kahate haiM ki siddhoM kI bhakti se samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakacAritra rUpa ratnatraya kI upalabdhi hotI hai| (Dha) arahansa aura siddha meM bheda-abheda : (a) abhinnatva : 1. ina donoM paramAtmAoM ke svarUpa kA vivecana karane para hama pAte haiM ki arahanta evaM siddhoM meM koI vizeSa bhinnatA nahIM hai kAraNa ki donoM hI devapada para avasthita haiM / jainadarzana meM 'deva' zabda svarga meM rahane vAle deva, devI, brAhmaNa yA rAjA Adi kA vAcaka nahIM hai, apitu usa parama tattva kI ora saMketa karatA hai jisakI upAsanA karane se manuSya meM dharma kA divya teja prakaTa hotA hai| isI AdhyAtmika divyatA se yukta vyakti ko hI yahAM deva kahA gayA hai| paramAtmA isI kA paryAyavAcI hai| 1. aibhattisaMpautto jo vaMdai lahulahai paramasuhaM / vahI, pR058 2. siddhastvamiha saMsthAnaM lokAgramagamaH staam| proddhartumiva santAnaM zokAbdhau magnamaMkSyatAm / / stutividyA, zlo080 3. yadbhaktyA zamitAkRzAghamarujaM tiSThejjanaH svAlaye / ye sadbhogakadAyatIva yajate te me jinAH supriye / / vahI,zlo0 116 4. naNu siddhameva bhagavao, eso savvottamo nmokkaaro| ANANupAlaNatthaM, bhAvanamokkArarUva ti|| ceiyavaMdaNamahAbhAsaM, zloka 751 5. kAleSu triSu muktisaMgamanuSastutyAstribhirviSTapaiste ratnatrayamaMgalAni dadhatAM bhavyeSu rtnaakraaH|| yazastilaka, 8.54

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jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI 2.dUsare,ananta jJAna-darzana-sukha aura bala rUpaananta-catuSTaya kI apekSA bhIarahanta aura siddha meM kiJcit bhI bheda nahIM hai kyoMki ye sabhI donoM meM samAnarUpa se hI pAe jAte haiN| yaha bAta bhI yahAM nirvivAda siddha hai ki 'jo dharmopadeza arahanta deva ne diyA hai, vahI dharmopadeza siddhabhagavAn kA bhI hai, kAraNa ki kevalajJAna kIapekSA se arahanta evaM siddha paramAtmA meM koI bhinatA nahIM hai| 3. tIsare, yadyapiarahanta deva ko abhI mokSa-gamana karanA apekSita hai phira bhI jaba ve mokSa-gamana karate haiM taba unakI 'arahaMta' saMjJA samApta hokara siddha saMjJA ho jAtI hai| ataH yaha pUrvokta sandeza eka prakAra se siddha paramAtmA kA hI hai |aagm meM bhI aisA batalAyA gayA hai ki yaha kathana siddhoM kA hai arthAt siddha aisA bolate haiN|' isa prakAra ke zAstrokta vacanoM se yaha nizcaya ho jAtA hai ki arahanta devoM ko hI samAna guNa hone se (apekSA dRSTi se) siddha mAnA gayA hai| (A) bhinnatva : guNoM Adi ke samAna hone para bhI ina donoM meM maulika bheda yahI hai ki (1)arahanta deva zarIradhArI hote haiM jabaki siddha bhagavAn ashriirii| 'kevalajJAna ke dvArA saba padArthoM ko jAna lene vAle, sazarIrIarahanta va sarvottama sukha ko prApta kara lene vAle tathA jJAnamaya zarIra vAle siddha paramAtmA haiN| (2) arahanta ke cAra ghAtiyA karma hI naSTa hue hote haiM jabaki siddha bhagavAn ke AThoM karma kSINa ho cuke hote haiM / arahantoM ko avaziSTa cAra aghAtiyA karmoM ke nAza hone taka saMsAra meM rukanA hotA hai aura ve vizva ko apanA divya upadeza dete haiM jabaki siddha bhagavAn sadaiva nijAnanda meM hI lIna rahate haiN| (3) siddha pUrNatva ko prApta hue hote haiM, isalie ve vRddhi aura hAsa donoM se Upara uTha cuke haiM jabaki arahanta ko abhI mokSa meM praviSTa sattheNa sutikkheNa vi, chetuM bhettuM va jaM kira na skkaa| taM paramANu siddhA, vadaMti AdiM pamANANaM / / bhaga0 6.134 sarIrA arahaMtA kevl-nnaannennmunniy-svltthaa| NANa-sarIrA siddhA svvuttm-sukkh-sNpttaa|| kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 168

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siddha parameSThI hone taka kI vRddhi karanA zeSa hai| isI se unheM 'vRddha' vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai| (Na) arahantoM ke pUjya siddha siddhaarahantoM ke lie pUjya haiM | ziva-siddha kA kIrtana karane ke kAraNa hI arahantoM ko 'zivakIrtana' kahA jAtA hai, ve dIkSA ke samaya siddhoM ko hI namaskAra karate haiN| yahI donoM meM cauthA vizeSa antara hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM unake jJAna ke AdhAra para donoM meM bhedAbheda kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| gautama svAmI ke dvArA pUche jAne para bhagavAn mahAvIra uttara dete haiM ki 'jisa prakAra kevalI(arahanta) chadmastha ko jAnate aura dekhate haiM, usI prakAra siddha bhI chadmastha ko jAnate aura dekhate haiM, tathA 'jisa prakAra kevalI siddha ho jAnate aura dekhate haiM, usI prakAra siddha bhI siddhoM ko jAnate aura dekhate haiM kintu jisa prakAra kevalI bolate haiM aura prazna kA uttara dete haiM, usa prakAra siddha nahIM bolate haiM aura na hI prazna kA uttara dete haiN| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki kevalajJAnI (arahanta) utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya aura parAkrama se saMyukta hote haiM jabaki siddhoM meM ye bAteM nahIM hotI haiN| ataH siddha kevalajJAnI ke samAna uttara-pratyuttara nahIM krte| dhavalA TIkA meM arahanta evaM siddha ke viSaya meM AcArya vIrasena ne gahana cintana karate hue batalAyA haiM ki siddha ATha karmo ko naSTa karate haiM / isa dRSTi se donoM meM bheda hai kintu ina donoM meM ghAtiyA karmo ke naSTa hone para AvirbhUta nikhila apane AtmaguNoM meM koI bheda nahIM hai| isakA ekamAtra kAraNa yaha hai ki arahanta zukladhyAna rUpa agni se cAra ghAtiyA karmoM ko to pUrNarUpa se naSTa kara hI dete haiM sAtha hI unake AyuSya Adi aghAtiyA karma bhI usa dhyAnAgni se adhajale se ho jAte haiM jisase ve unake udaya meM nahIM Ate arthAt Ayu Adi karma apane kArya-phala meM asamartha se rahate haiM jabaki siddhoM ke zarIra-patana ke sAtha hI ye AyuSya Adi cAra aghAtiyA karma bhI naSTa ho jAte 1. de0-jinasahasranAma, 10.131 2. (ka) zivAnAM siddhAnAM vA kIrtanaM yasya saH shivkiirttnH| dIkSAvasareHnamaH siddhebhyaH' ityuccAraNatvAt / jinasahasranAma,7.65 zrutasAgarI ttiikaa| (kha) siddhANaM NamokkAraM karei / AyAracUlA, 15.32 3. de0-bhaga0 14.138-144 4. siddhAnAmarhatAM ca ko bheda iti cenna, naSTASTakarmANaH siddhA naSTadhAtikarmANo'rhanta iti tayorbhedaH / naSTeSu ghAtikarmasvAvirbhUtAzeSAtmaguNatvAnna guNakRtastayorbhedaiti / dhavalA TIkA, prathama pustaka, pR047

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98 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI haiM aura ananta catuSTaya-anantajJAnadarzana-sukha-vIrya, arahanta aura siddha donoM ko hI niyama se upalabdha hote haiM / ataH donoM meM guNakRta koI bheda nahIM hai| dUsare, AcArya kahate haiM ki ina aghAtiyA karmoM kA kArya caurAsI lAkha yonirUpa janma, jarA aura maraNa se yukta saMsAra hai jo aghAtiyA karmo ke rahane para arahanta parameSThI meM nahIM pAyA jAtA tathA aghAtiyA karma AtmA ke guNoM ko ghAta karane meM samartha bhI nahIM hai / ata eva arahanta aura siddha meM guNakRtabheda nahIM haiM, yadi aisA koI kahatA hai taba AcArya uttara dete hue kahate haiM ki vastutaH aisA hai nahIM, donoM meM guNakRta bheda to hai kintu prazna yaha uThatA hai ki guNa to ananta hote haiM, unameM kauna se guNoM ke kAraNa bheda hai, taba AcArya batalAte haiM ki jIva ke Urdhvagamana svabhAva kA pratibandhaka AyuSya karma kA udaya aura sukhaguNa kA pratibandhaka vedanIya karma kA udaya arahantoM ke hI pAyA jAtA hai siddhoM ko nahIM / yahI donoM meM guNakRta bheda siddha hai| punaH yahAM AcArya isI ko aura spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki Urdhvagamana AtmA kA guNa nahIM kAraNa ki yadi vaha AtmA kA guNa mAna liyA jAe taba usa Urdhvagamana ke abhAva meM AtmA kA bhI abhAva mAnanA pdd'egaa| sAtha hI use sukha guNa kA bhI abhAva prApta hogaa| dUsare vedanIya karma kA udaya kevalI meM duHkha ko utpanna nahIM karatA, nahIM to use duHkhotpAdaka mAnanA par3egA aura isase bhagavAn kA jo kevalIpanA hai vaha bhI nahIM bana sakegA aura aisA hone para kevalI hamArI taraha hI pRthak jana hI hoNge| kintu aisA hai hI nahIM, kAraNa ki yaha arahanta aura siddhoM kA jo bhedAbheda hai vaha salepatva aura nirlepatva tathA deza-bheda kI apekSA hotA hai| 1. adhAtikarmodayasattvopalambhAt / tAni zukladhyAnAgninArdhadagdhatvAtsanatyapi na svakAryakartRNIti cenna, piNDanipAtAbhAvAnyathAnupapattitaH / AyuSyAdizeSakarmodayAstitvasiddheH / vahI, pR047 2. tatkAryasya caturazItilakSayonyAtmakasya jAtijarAmaraNopalakSitasya saMsAra syAsatvAtteSAmAtmaguNaghAtanasAmarthyAbhAvAcca na tayorguNakRto bheda iti / vahI 3. AyuSyavedanIyodayayorjIvordhvagamanasukhapratibandhakayoH satvAt / vahI 4. nordhvagamanAtmaguNaH, tadabhAve cAtmano vinAzaprasaGgAt |sukhmpin guNastataH eva / / vahI, pR048 5. na vedanIyodayo duHkhajanakaH, kevalini kevalitvAnyathAnupapatteriti cedastvevameva nyaaypraapttvaat| 6. kiMtu salepanirlepatvAbhyAM dezabhedAcca tayorbheda iti siddhm|| vahI

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siddha parameSThI ___ isa taraha anujIvI guNoM kI apekSA to arahanta aura siddha meM koI bheda hai hI nhiiN| yadi koI bheda hai to vaha unake pratijIvI guNoM kI apekSA hI mAnA jA sakatA hai kintu ye prati jIvI guNa AtmA ke bhAvasvarUpadharma nahIM hote| ataH isa dRSTi se unameM koI bheda nahIM hai, phira bhI ina donoM meM salepatva aura nirlepatva tathA deza-bheda kI apekSA bheda samajhanA caahie|

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.............. - - AcArya parameSThI zrutamavikalaM zuddhA vRttiH parapratibodhane pariNatirurUdyogo mArgapravartanasadvidhau / / budhanutiranutseko lokajJatA mRdutA'spRhA / yatipatiguNA yasminnanye ca so'stu guruH satAm / / AtmAnuzAsana, glo06

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caturtha pariccheda AcArya - parameSThI jainadarzana meM deva, guru aura zAstra (Agama, zruta) ko mahattva diyA gayA hai| arahanta evaM siddha donoM hI devatva meM Ate haiM aura inake pazcAt AcArya hI pUjanIya hote haiM / jaina AcArya kI paramaguru ke rUpa meM arcA kI jAtI hai, unheM sammAna diyA jAtA hai / AcArya mahArAja hI saMsAriyoM ko kalyANa kI ora le jAte haiM aura svayaM apanA uddhAra karate haiN| AcArya ko guru', buddha, pUjya 3. dharmAcArya', bhante evaM bhadanta Adi zabdoM se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai / (ka) guru-AcArya bhAratIya saMskRti meM : bhAratIya saMskRti meM guru pada atyadhika mahimApUrNa rahA hai |ApastambadharmasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki guru kA satkAra Izvara kI bhAMti karanA caahie| manusmRti meM bhI gurU ke prati vizeSa AdarabhAva para bala diyA hai / rAmAyaNa meM guru ko prajJAcakSu pradAna karane vAlA batalAkara use mAtA-pitA se bhI zreSThatara kahA hai | rAma ne mAtA-pitA kI hI bhAMti guru ko bhI arcanA kA pAtra batalAyA hai / tIrthakara tulya guru : jaina vAGmaya meM bhI guru kA vizeSa mahattva upalabdha hai |arahanta athavA tIrthaMkara pratyeka kAla meM vidyamAna nahIM hote / unakI anupasthiti meM unakA pratinidhitva karane vAlA guru hI hotA hai / gacchAyArapayannA meM unheM 'sUri' batalAte hue tIrthaPSra kI upamA dI gaI hai / 10 1. de0-u0, 1.2, 3, 16, 20:26.8 2. vahI, 1.8, 17,27.40,42,46 3. vahI 1.46 4. vahI.,36.265 5. vahI, 6.58; 12.30:20.11:23.22:26.6 6. devamivAcAryamupAsIta / Apastamba-dharmasUtra, 1.2.6.13 7. vyatyastapANinA kAryamupasaGgrahaNaM guroH / savyena savyaH spraSTavyo dakSiNena ca dakSiNaH / / manusmRti, 2.72 8. bAlmIki rAmAyaNa, 2. 111.3 6. bAlmIki rAmAyaNa, 2.30.33 10. titthayarasamo sUrI sammaM jo jiNamayaM payAsei / gacchAyAra0, gA027

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102 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI dharmapradIpa guru : AcArya prANiyoM ke lie dharma ke mArga kA pradarzana karate haiM / andhakAra meM bhaTakate hue, sthAna-sthAna para ThokareM khAte hue manuSya ke lie dIpaka kA jitanA mahattva hai, utanA hI, balki usase bhI kahIM adhika bar3hakara jijJAsu prANI ke lie guru kA mahattva hai / ataeva ve jagat meM sattvoM ke dharma pradIpa haiN| eka prasiddha zloka meM kahA bhI gayA hai ki ajJAnarUpIandhakAra se andhe bane hue manuSya ke netroM ko jo jJAnarUpIaJjanazalAkA sekhola dete haiM, una zrIgurudeva ko namaskAra hai-- ajJAnatimirAndhasya jJAnAJjanazalAkayA / cakSurunmIlitaM yena tasmai zrIgurave namaH / / ' yathArtha dharmaguru : AcArya : __ sthAnAGgasUtra meM AtA hai ki do prakAra se AtmA ko dharma ke svarUpakI upalabdhi ho sakatI hai--(1) sunakara aura (2) vicArakara / jaba taka vyakti dharmazAstroM kA zravaNa hI nahIM karatA, taba takadharmatattva kA manana evaM cintana bhI vaha nahIM kara sakatA / yaha zAstra zravaNa guru se hI ho sakatA hai / vizuddha dharma ke sacce sandezavAhaka guru hI hote haiM / ataH dharmaguru AcArya kA pada atyanta mahanIya, pUjanIya evaM vandanIya hai / (kha) AcArya pada kI vyutpattilabhya vyAkhyA : AGpUrvaka car dhAtu se Nyat pratyaya ke jur3ane para AcArya pada banatA hai jisakA artha hai-- adhyApaka yA guru / vaise dekhA jAe to car, dhAtu calane athavA AcaraNa karane ke artha meM prayukta hotI hai / isa prakAra AcArya eka aisA vyakti hotA hai jo svayaM uttama AcaraNa karatA huA anya jana samudAya ko bhI usake AcaraNa kI preraNA detA hai / ataH yahAM AcArya zabda vizeSa rUpa se dhArmika guru ke lie prayukta huA hai / manusmRtikAra ke anusAra AcArya vaha brAhyaNa hotA hai jo ziSya kA yajJopavIta saMskAra kara use kalpa (yajJavidyA) tathA rahasyoM (upaniSadoM) sahita vedoM ko par3hAtA hai | amarakoSakAra kI dRSTi meM jo mantra kI vyAkhyA karane vAlA, yajJa meM yajamAna ko AjJA dene vAlA aura vratoM kA AcaraNa karane vAlA hai, vahI AcArya hai| kintu jaina AcArya ke guNoM meM mahAvratoM kA sarvottama sthAna 1. uddhata-jaina tattva kalikA, pR0 123 2. 'soccA abhisamecca' / ThANaM, sthAna 2 3. Acaryate'sAvAcArya : / abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, bhAga-2, pR0326 4. upanIya tu yaH ziSyaM vedamadhyApayeda dvijaH / sakalpaM sarahasyaM ca tamAcArya pracakSate / / manusmRti, 2. 140 5. mantravyAkhyAkRdAcArya AdeSTA tvadhvare vratI / amarakoSa, 2.7.7

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AcArya - parameSThI 103 hai / usakA eka mAtra mukhya guNa athavA kArya sarvajJa kI vANI, 'mantra athavA sUtragata saddharma kI vyAkhyA karanA hai / bhagavatIsUtra meM AcArya zabda kA nirvacana karate hue batalAyA gayA hai. ki A yahA~ maryAdA kA dyotaka hai arthAt maryAdApUrvaka athavA ucita vinaya se jinazAsana dharmopadezaka ke rUpa meM mokSAbhilASI vyaktiyoM ke dvArA jisakI upAsanA kI jAtI hai, vaha AcArya hai-- 'A-maryAdayA tadviSayavinayarUpayA caryante-sevyante jinazAsanArthopadezakatayAtadAkAGkSibhirityAcAryAH / 2 yahA~ Age bhI batalAyA gayA hai ki A maryAdA aura cAra vihAra yA AcAra kA dyotaka hai | sAdhu AcAra kA svayaM maryAdApUrvaka pAlana karane se, dUsaroM koAcAra ke viSaya meM batalAneseauraAcAra ke viSaya meM mArga-pradarzana karane se AcArya kahalAte haiM |AcArya pA~ca prakAra ke AcAra kA svayaM AcaraNa karate hue suzobhita hote haiM aura apane usa Acarita AcaraNa ko dUsaroM ke lie bhI vyAkhyAna karate haiM tathA unheM kalyANa mArga dikhalAte haiM / isI kAraNa ve AcArya kahalAte haiM / dhavalA TIkA meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki jo darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa aura vIrya ina pA~ca AcAroM kA svayaM AcaraNa karate haiM aura dUsare santoM va sAdhuoM se AcaraNa karAte haiM, unheM AcArya kahate haiM / caturdaza vidyApAragAmI AcArya : ve AcArya caudaha vidyAsthAnoM meM pAraMgata aura gyAraha aMga ke dhAraka hote haiM / ve AcArya tatkAlIna svasamaya aura parasamaya meM niSNAt meru ke samAna nizcala aura pRthvI ke samAna sahanazIla hote haiM / AcArya samudra ke samAna maloM (= doSoM) ko bAhira pheMka dete haiM aura ve sAta prakAra ke bhaya se - 1. 'mantraM zrutaM kRtavAn iti mantrakRta' se bhagavAn jinendra mantrakRta kahalAte haiN| jinasahasranAma, 5.68 svopajJavRtti 2. bhaga0 vR0 pa03 3. A- maryAdayA vA cAro-vihAraH AcArastatra sAdhavaH svayaMkaraNAt prabhASaNAt pradarzanAccetyAcAryAH, Aha ca-paMcavihaM AyAraM AyaramANA tahA pyaasNto| AyAraM daMsaMtA AyariyA teNa vuccaMti / / vahI 4. codasadasaNavapuvvI mahAmadI sAyarovva, gaMbhIro / kappavavahAradhArI hodihu AdhAravaM NAma / / bhaga0 A0, gA0430 5. ihalokabhaya, paralokabhaya, atrANabhaya, akasmAtbhaya, aguptibhaya, maraNabhaya tathA vedanAbhaya ye sAta prakAra ke bhaya haiM de0 mUlA0 2.53

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104 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI rahita hote haiM / ina sabhI guNoM ke hone se ve AcArya pada para pratiSThA pAte haiN|' sAkSAt jina bimba AcArya : AcArya kundakunda kI dRSTi meM AcArya ve haiM 'jo jJAnamaya haiM, saMyama se zuddha haiM, atyanta vIrAga haiM tathA karmo kA kSaya karane vAlI dIkSA aura zikSA dete haiM / aise AcArya parameSThI jinendra deva ke sAkSAt pratibimba hote haiM -- jiNabimbaM NANamayaM saMjamasuddhaM suvIyarAyaM ca / jaM dei dikkhAsikkhA kammakkhayakAraNe suddhA / / saMgrahAnugrahI AcArya : jainAcArya sadaivaAcAravettAtohote hI haiM sAtha hI ve saMgraha aura anugraha 4 meM kuzala, sUtra ke artha meM vizArada, kIrti se prasiddhi ko prApta, cAritra meM tatpara tathA upAdeya evaM anupAdeya vyAkhyAna meM nipuNa hote haiM / 5 ve AcArya svabhAva se gambhIra, durdharSa, zUravIra, dharma kI prabhAvanA karane vAle tathA bhUmi, candra evaM samudra ke samAna guNoM vAle hote haiM / dudharSa evaM agAdhaguNa sampanna AcArya : ve kSobha rahita AcArya agAdha guNa sampanna hone se gaMbhIra hote haiM / ina guNoM ke hone se ve paravAdiyoM dvArA parAbhUta nahIM kie jA sakate / ataH ve durdharSa hote haiM / zUravIra evaM dharma prabhAvaka AcArya : zaurya guNa se yukta hone se zUravIra aura dharma kI prabhAvanA karane ke 1. Namo AiriyANaM-paJcavidhamAcAraM carati cArayatItyAcAryaH / caturdaza-vidyAsthAnaparAgaH ekAdazAGgadharaH AcArAGgadharo vA tAtkAlika svasamayaparasamayapArago vA meruriva nizcalaH kSitiriva sahiSNuH sAgara iva bahiH kSiptamalaH saptabhayavipramuktaH AcAryaH | dhavalA TIkA, prathama pustaka, pR046-50 2. bodhapAhuDa, gA0 16 3. sadA AyAraviddaNhU sadA AyariyaM caro / __ AyAramAyAravaMto Ayario teNa uccade / / mUlA07.506 4. dIkSA Adi dekara apanA banAnA saMgraha hai aura phira aise ziSyoM kA zAstrAdi ke dvArA saMskAra karanA anugraha kahalAtA hai / de0-mUlA0 10.4.158 5. saMgahaNuggahakusalo suttatthavisArao pahiyAkittI / kiriAcaraNasujutto gAhuya AdejjavayaNo ya / / mUlA0, gA0 4.158 6. gaMbhIro duddhariso sUro dhammappahAvaNAsIlo / khidisasisAyarasaraso kameNa taM so du saMpatto / / vahI, gA0 4.156

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AcArya - parameSThI 105 svabhAva vAle hone se dharmaprabhAvaka hote haiM / kSamAsampanna AcArya : _ve kSamA guNa meM pRthvI ke samAna, saumya guNa se candramA ke samAna aura nirmalatA guNa meM samudra ke sadRza hote haiM / ' AcArya nizcaya aura vyavahAra rUpa meM paMcAcAroM se yukta zuddhopayoga? kI bhAvanA se sahita, vItarAga nirvikalpa samAdhi kA svayaM AcaraNa karate haiM aura dUsaroM se bhI karAte haiM / isa prakAra uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki AcArya svayaM ucca cAritra kA pAlana karatA hai aura dUsaroM ziSyoM evaM bhavya jIvoM ko isake pAlana karane kI preraNA detA hai / vaha muni-saMgha kA agraNI hotA hai / municaryA ke saMcAlana meM usakIAjJA antima aura mAnya hotI haiM ataH saMgha ke saMcAlaka ke rUpa meM eka suyogya AcArya svayaM apanA to kalyANa karatA hI hai sAtha hI samUce saMgha ko kalyANa ke mArga para agrasita karatA hai / AcArya ke paryAyavAcI zabda : jainAgama meM AcArya ke lie aneka zabda milate haiM | unameM prAjJa, medhAvI, vidvAn, abhirUpa, vicakSaNa, paNDita, sUri, AcArya vAgmI evaM naiyAyika Adi viziSTa haiM / ye sabhI zabda sArthaka haiM aura AcArya ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate haiN| jo vastu ko prakRSTa rUpa se jAnatA hai, vaha prAjJa hai aura medhA sampanna ko medhAvI kahate haiM / jo jJAtA hai, vahI vidvAn hai, jisane svarUpa ko prApta kara liyA hai vaha abhirUpa hai aura jo vastu tattva ko aneka prakAra se dekhatA hai, usakA pratyavekSaNa karatA hai, vaha vicakSaNa hai / paNDA arthAt buddhi aura jisa caritravAn ko yaha utpanna ho gaI hai, vaha paNDita, tathA jo buddhi ko utpanna 1. vahI, vRtti 2. jo eka vastu ke dharmoM meM kathaMcit bheda kA upacAra karatA hai vaha vyavahAra naya hai tathA jo usake viparIta arthAt jo vastu ko usake svAbhAvika rUpa meM grahaNa karatA hai vaha nizcayanaya hai naya cakra, gA0 264 3. jIvo pariNamadi jadA suheNa asuheNa vA suho asuho| sudeNa tadA suddho havadi hi pariNAmasamAvo || pravacanasAra, gA0 1.6 4. vizuddhajJAnadarzanasvabhAvazuddhAtmatattvasamyakzraddhAnajJAnAnuSThAna bahirdravyecchA-nirvRtirUpaM tapazcaraNaM svazaktayanavagUhanavIryarU pAbhedapaJcAcArarUpAtmakaM zuddhopayogabhAvanAntarbhUtaM vItarAganirvikalpasamAdhi svayamAcarantyanyAnAcarayantIti bhavantyAcAryAstAnahaM vande |prmaatm0 1.7 vRtti 5. prAjJamedhAvinau vidvanabhirUpo vicakSaNaH / / paNDitaH sUrirAcAryo vAgmI naiyAyikaH smRtaH / / nAmamAlA, zlo0 111

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106 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI karatA hai, vaha hI sUri hai | jisakA anukaraNa kiyA jAtA hai vaha AcArya, tathA jisakI vANI prazaMsA ke yogya hotI hai, vaha vAgmI evaM jo nyAya tathA vicAra meM niyukta ho vaha naiyAyika hotA hai / isa prakAra AcArya ina sabhI guNoM se sampanna hote haiM / (ga) AcArya ke chattIsa guNa : ___ zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM hI paramparAoM meM AcArya ke chatIsa guNa svIkAra kie gae haiM kintu saMkhyA meM ekarUpatA hote hue bhI bhedoM meM vaiSamya dRSTigocara hotA hai zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra : jo pAMcoM indriyoM ko vaza meM karatA hai, nau prakAra kI brahmacarya kI guptiyoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai, cAra prakAra kI kaSAyoM se mukta hai, pA~ca mahAvratoM tathA pAMca AcAroM ke pAlana meM samartha hai aura jo pA~ca samiti aura tIna gupti kA dhAraka hai, vahI AcArya hotA hai / 2 (a) paMcendriyanigrahI AcArya : nigraha kA artha hai- pUrNa rUpa se apane vaMza meM karanA, unheM svayaM pravRtta na hone denA / zrotra, cakSu, tvak, jihvA evaM ghANa ye pA~ca indriyAM haiM / ina para niyantraNa rakhanA, indriyoM ko unake viSayoM meM pravRtta na hone denA |iskaa artha yaha nahIM hai ki indriyoM se dekhanA, sunanA Adi banda kara diyA jAe, isakA bhAva yahI hai indriyoM kA unake acche-bure viSayoM ke prati kisI prakAra kA rAga-dveSa na rahe, samabhAva se pravRtti ho / ataH AcArya indriyoM ke zabda-rUpa Adi manojJa viSayoM meM rAgabhAva nahIM karate aura indriyoM ke amanojJa viSayoM meM tanika bhI dveSabhAva nahIM rakhate / ataeva ve paMcendriyanigrahI kahalAte haiM / (A) brahmacarya kI navavidha guptiyoM ke dhAraka AcArya : jisa prakAra eka kisAna apane boe hue kheta kI rakSA ke lie usake cAroM ora bAr3a lagAtA hai, usI prakAra AcArya dharma ke bIja rUpa brahmacarya kI 1. prajAnAtIti prAjJaH, medhAstyasya medhAvI, vetti jAnAti iti vidvAn, abhigataM rUpaM (vidyA) yena abhirUpaH vividhaM caSTe vicakSaNaH, paNDA (buddhiH) saJjAtAsyeti paMDitaH, sUte buddhiM sUriH, Acaryate AcAryaH, prazastA vAgastyasya vAgmI, nyAye vicAre niyukto naiyAyikaH / / nAmamAlA, bhASya, zlo0 111 paMcidiyasaMvaraNo, taha navavihabambhaceraguttidharo / cauviha kasAya mukko ia aTThArasa guNehiM saMjutto / / pNcmhvvyjutto,pNcvihaayaarpaalnnsmttho| paMcasamio tigutto, ii chattIsaguNehiM guru majjhaM / / de0 -- jaina tatva kalikA, pR0 130, pA0Ti0 3. je indriyANaM visayA maNunnA na tesu bhAvaM nisire kayAi / na yAmaNunnesumaNaM pi kujjA samAhikAme samaNe tavassI / / u0 32.21

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AcArya- parameSThI 107 rakSA ke lie nau prakAra kI bAr3a lagAte haiM, ve nau prakAra kI brahmacarya kI guptiyoM se apane brahmacarya ko surakSita rakhate haiM / uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM brahmacarya kI rakSA ke lie dasa Avazyaka bAtoM kA tyAga anivArya batalAyA gayA hai / citta ko ekAgra karane meM inakA vizeSa mahatva hone ke kAraNa inheM samAdhi-sthAna bhI kahA gayA hai / ' ye samAdhi sthAna nimna prakAra haiM -- (9) strI Adi se saMkIrNa sthAna ke sevana kA varjana : jisa sthAna meM billI rahatI ho, vahAMcUhA rahe to usakI khaira nahIM, usI prakAra striyoM ke nivAsa sthAna ke pAsa brahmacArI kA rahanA bhI prazasta nahIM hai isalie vaha strI, pazu aura napuMsaka se saMsakta zayana aura Asana kA sevana nahIM karatA / 3 (2) kAmarAgayukta strI-kathA kA varjana : kAmarAga ko bar3hAne vAlI strI kathA kahane va sunane se brahmacarya sthira nahIM ho sakatA / jaise nIMbU, imalI Adi khaTTe padArtho kA nAma lete hI mu~ha meM pAnI bhara AtA hai, vaise hI strI ke saundarya evaM hAva-bhAvoM kA varNana karane se mana meM vikAra utpanna hotA hai / isalie brahmacArI mana meM AhlAda paidA karane vAlI tathA kAmarAga ko bar3hAne vAlI strI-kathA kA tyAga kare / ' (3) striyoM kA atisaMgavarjana : striyoM ke sAtha eka Asana para baiTha kara vArtAlApa karane se kAmapIr3A utpanna ho sakatI hai | ataH brahmacArI usake sAtha eka Asana para na baiThe, 5 usake sAtha paricaya ityAdi na bar3hAte hue bAra-bAra vArtAlApa kA sadaiva tyAga kare / (4) striyoM ke aMgopAMga nirIkSaNa varjana : striyoM ke aMga (mastaka Adi), pratyaMga (kuca, kukSi Adi), saMsthAna 1. iha khalu therehiM bhagavantehiM dasa bambhacera samAhiThANA pannattA, jo bhikkhU soccA, nisamma, saMjamabahule, saMvarabahule, samAhibahule, gutte, guttindie, guttabaMbhayArI sayA appamatte biharejjA / / vahI, 16.1 (gadya) 2. jahA virAlAvasahassa mUle na mUsagANaM vasahI pasatthA / emeva itthInilayassa majjhe na bambhayayArissa khamo nivAso / / u032.13 3. no itthI-pasupaNDagasaMsattAI sayaNAsaNAI sevittA havai, se nigganthe / vahI, 16.3 (gdy)| 4. maNa palahAyajaNaNiM kAmarAgavivaNiM / baMbhacerarao bhikkhU thIkahaM tu vivajjae / / vahI, 16.2 5. samaM ca saMthavaM thIhiM saMkahaM ca abhikkhaNaM / / baMbhacerarao bhikkhU niccaso parivajjae / / vahI, 16.3

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108 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI (kaTipradeza Adi) evaM aneka prakAra kI manohara mudrAoM ko dekhane se cakSurAga utpanna hotA hai / ataH brahmacArI ko cakSurindriya ke viSaya bhUta striyoM ke rUpa Adi kA darzana nahIM karanA cAhie / 'yadi kabhI najara par3a bhI jAe to vItarAgatApUrvaka zubha dhyAna karanA cAhie / (5) striyoM ke vividha zabda zravaNa-varjana : jisa prakAra megha kI garjana sunakara mora pramudita ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra parde athavA dIvAra Adi ke pIche se dAmpatyasahacAra tathA anya kAmavardhaka gIta,zabda evaM hAsyapUrNa bAteM sunane se kAma-vikAra utpanna hotA hai |atH brahmacArI ko cAhie ki vaha striyoM ke kUjana, rodana, gIta evaM hAsya Adi ko na sune / (6) pUrvabhukta kAmabhogoM kA smaraNa varjana : - brahmacArI ko brahmacarya-vrata lene se pahale anubhava kI gaI kAmakrIr3A ityAdi kA smaraNa nahIM karanA caahie| aisA karane se mana vicalita ho sakatA hai evaM brahmacarya-vrata khaNDita ho sakatA hai| (7) kAmottejaka sarasa bhojana-pAnavarjana: ghI, dUdha Adi rasayukta pauSThika bhojana-pAna karane se kAmavAsanA bhar3aka sakatI hai |atH brahmacArI ke lie sadaiva sarasa,svAdiSTa evaM kAmavAsanA ko bar3hAne vAle bhojana kA tyAga Avazyaka hai / (8) atyadhika bhojana-pAnavarjana : jo brahmacArIpramANaseadhikakhAtA-pItA hai, usake brahmacarya ke khaNDita hone kI saMbhAvanA banI rahatI hai kAraNa ki pramANa se adhika bhojana karane vAle kI kAmAgni zAnta nahIM hotI hai / ataH use citta kI sthiratA ke lie evaM brahmacarya kI rakSA ke lie dharma kI maryAdAnusAra prApta parimita bhojana hI karanA cAhie / 1. aMgapaccaMga-saMThANaM cArullaviya-pehiyaM / ___ baMbhacerarao thINaM cakkhugijjhaM vivajjae / / u0 16.4 2. itthIjaNassAriyajhANajoggaM / vahI, 32.15 3. kuiyaM ruiyaM gIthaM hasiyaM thaNiya-kandiyaM / bambhacerarao thINaM soyAgijhaM vivajjae / / vahI, 16.5 4. hA kiDDa raiM dappaM sahasAvattAsiyANi ya / __ bambhacerarao thINaM nANucinte kayAi vi / / vahI, 16.6 5. paNIyaM bhattapANaM tu khippaM mayavivaDDhaNaM / bambhacerarao bhikkhU niccaso parivajjae / / vahI, 16.7 6. dhammaladdhaM miyaM kAle jattatthaM paNihANavaM / nAimattaM tu bhuMjejjA bambhacerarao sayA / / vahI, 16.8

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109 AcArya - parameSThI (7) snAnazRMgAra-Adivarjana : jo brahmacArI snAna evaM vezabhUSA Adi se zarIra ko sajAtA hai, usake prati striyAMAkarSita hotI haiM jisase usake brahmacarya pAlana meM bAdhA AsakatI hai / ataH vaha alaMkRta vezabhUSA kA parityAga kare aura zRMgAra ke lie zarIra kA maNDana na kare / ' (10) paMcendriyaviSayAsaktivarjana : jo brahmacArI pA~coM indriyoM ke viSaya zabda, rUpa, rasa gandha aura sparza meM Asakta rahatA hai, usakA brahmacarya kabhI bhI sthAI nahIM ho sakatA / viSayoM ke bhogopabhoga se mAnasika caMcalatA utpanna ho jAtI hai aura brahmacaryavrata bhraSTa ho jAtA hai| ataH vaha brahmacArI brahmacarya kI sthiratA ke lie ina samasta kAmaguNoM se sadaiva dUra rahe / AcArya ke lie brahmacarya kI rakSA ke lie brahmacarya se DigAne vAle ina sabhI zaMkA-sthaloM kA tyAga karanA Avazyaka hai / ina samAdhi-sthAnoM kA brahmacarya kI rakSA ke lie vizeSa mahattva hone ke kAraNa inheM brahmacarya kI guptiyA~ bhI kahA gayA hai / dasavAM samAdhi sthAna anya nau samAdhisthAnoM kA saMgraharUpa hone se use pRthak na mAnakara nau hI brahmacarya kI guptiyA~ batalAI gaI haiM / (i) caturvidhakaSAyavijayI AcArya : jo AtmA ko kase arthAt duHkha de, vaha kaSAya hai / krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ye cAra kaSAya haiM jo ki manuSya ke hRdaya meM rahane vAlI agni ke samAna haiM | jaba yaha kaSAya rUpI agni bhar3akatI hai to sAdhaka ke kSamA, dayA, zIla evaM saMyama Adi sabhI guNo ko naSTa kara DAlatI hai| ina kaSAyoM para vijaya pAkara hI vyakti AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ora agrasara ho sakatA hai | dazavaikAlika sUtra meM batalAyA gayA hai ki 'krodha Adi cAroM kaSAyoM se pApa kI vRddhi hotI hai, isalie AtmahitaiSIvyakti ko cAhie ki vaha ina cAroM ko chor3a de / AcArya kundakunda ne bhI kahA hai ki 'jo jIva mAna, mAyA aura krodha se rahita hai, lobha se varjita hai tathA nirmala svabhAva se yukta hai, vahI uttama sukha ko prApta karatA hai | 1 bibhUsaM parivajjejjA sarIraparimaNDaNaM / bambhacerarao bhikkhU siMgAratthaM na dhArae / / vahI, 16.6 2. sadde rUve ya gandhe ya rase phAse taheva ya / paMcavihe kAmaguNe niccaso parivajjae / / u016.10 3. de0-vahI, 31.10 4. de0- samavAo, 6.1 5. kaSati hinastyAtmAnaM durgatiM prApayatIti kaSAyaH / ta0 vR06.4, pR0213 6. kohaM mANaM ca mAyaM ca lobhaM ca paavvddddh'nnN| vame catAri dose u icchaMto hiymppnno|| daza08.36 7. mayamAyakoharahio loheNa vivajjio ya jo jiivo| nimmalasahAvajutto so pAvai uttamaM sokkhaM / / mokSapAhur3a, gA0 45

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110 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI (1) krodha kaSAya : __ krodha prathama kaSAya hai, jo manuSya ke svabhAva ko krUra banA detA hai / krodhAveza meM Akara vyakti apane priyajanoM kI hatyA karane se bhI nahIM cUkatA aura kaI bAra Atma hatyA bhI kara baiThatA hai / gItA meM batalAyA hai ki krodha se aviveka utpanna hotA hai, aviveka se smaraNazakti bhramita ho jAtI hai / smRti ke bhramita ho jAne se buddhi naSTa ho jAtI hai, aura buddhi ke naSTa hone se vyakti kA saba kucha hI naSTa ho jAtA hai / isa kAraNa AcArya sadaiva krodharahita rahate haiM aura yadi kabhI kAraNavaza krodha A bhI jAe to kSamAbhAva dhAraNa kara lete haiM aise haiM 'jaina zramaNa AcArya' ! (2) mAna kaSAya : ___mAna kA artha hai- abhimAna, jo vyakti ke svabhAva ko kaThora banA detA hai / jisa vyakti meM mAna kIbhAvanA A jAtI hai usakA vinaya guNa sadA-sadA ke lie jAtA rahatA hai 2 arthAt vinaya guNa naSTa ho jAtA hai | vinayazIlatA ke binA jJAnArjana nahIM ho sakatA / jJAna ke abhAva meM tattvacintana bhI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA aura tAttvika jJAna ke abhAva meM dharmAcaraNa bhI nahIM ho sakatA tathA usake phalasvarUpa mokSa prApti bhI nahIM ho sakatI / mAna kaSAya kI prabalatA dekhie ki zarIra se sneha chor3a dene para bhI bAhubalI mAna kaSAya se bahuta samaya taka kaluSita rahe ' / ' ___ mAna kI utpatti ke srota ATha mada haiM / ve haiM -- 1- jAtimada, 2-kulamada,3-balamada,4-rUpamada,5-lAbhamada,6-tapomada,7-zrutamada aura 8-aizvaryamada / kintu tattvajJaAcArya inameM se koI nimitta mila jAne para ahaMkAra na karake sadaiva vinamra rahate haiM / (3) mAyA kaSAya: kapaTa, kuTilatA, vakratA, chala, vaMcanA Adi ye saba mAyA ke hI rUpa haiN| mAyAbhole manuSya ke svabhAva meM kuTilatA utpanna kara detI hai |maayaa zalya rUpa hotI hai / jisa prakAra zarIra meM cubhA huA kAMTA nirantara pIr3ita karatA rahatA 1. krodhAdabhavati saMmohaH saMmohAtsmRtivibhramaH / smRtibhraMzAbuddhinAzo buddhinAzAtpraNazyati / / gItA, 2.63 2. mANo viNayanAsaNo / / daza0 8.37 3. dehAdiktasago mANakasAeNa kalusio dhIra / attAvaNeNa jAdo bAhubalI kittiya kAlaM / / bhAvapAhur3a, gA044 4. samavAo, 8.1 tathA milAie-ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 1.25 5. paDikkamAmi tihiM sallehiM - mAyAsalleNaM niANasalleNaM micchAdasaNasalleNaM / AvassayaM, 4.8 OM

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AcArya - parameSThI 111 hai, usI prakAra mAyA rUpI bhAvazalya AtmA ko saMtapta karatA hai| mAyA mitratA ko naSTa kara DAlatI hai / ' mAyA ko tiryaJca Ayu ke bandha kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai| __saccA vratadhArI vahI hai, jo mAyAzalya se rahita ho / ataH AcArya kahIM bhI mAyA kA sevana nahIM karate aura yadi kabhI kAraNa vaza isa prakAra ke bhAva utpanna ho bhI jAeM to Rju bhAva se unheM turanta niSphala kara dete haiM / (4) lobha kaSAya: _lAlaca, pralobhana, lAlasA, tRSNA Adi saba lobha ke paryAya haiM / lobha manuSya ke samasta guNoM kA vinAzaka hai| isalie lobha ko pApa kA bApa kahA gayA hai 'lobha pApa ko bApa bakhAnA''lobha ke jAla meM phaMsakara prANI kSudhA, tRSA, zIta, uSNa, apamAna evaM mArapITa Adi aneka prakAra ke kaSToM ko sahana karate haiN| lobha ke hI vaza me ho kara manuSya mAyAjAla racatA hai tathA usake hRdaya se santoSa, paropakAra, dayA evaM kSamA Adi sabhI mAnavIya guNa samApta ho jAte haiN| lobhI vyakti prANiyoM kI hiMsA se bhI nahIM cUkatA aura anta meM vaha durgati ko hI prApta karatA hai / ataH AcArya apanI sAdhanA kI saphalatA ke lie sadA lobharahita rahate haiM / (I) paJca mahAvratadhAraka AcArya : AcArya ahiMsA, satya,asteya,brahmacarya aura aparigraha ina pA~ca mahAvratoM kA, pratyeka kI pA~ca-pA~cabhAvanAoMsahita,tIna karaNa (kRta, kArita,anumodita) evaM tIna yoga (mana, vacana, kAyA) se dRr3hatApUrvaka svayaM pAlana karate haiM aura saMgha ke sAdhuoM evaM sAdhviyoM ko bhI inakA pAlana karane ke lie preraNA dete haiM / __ ahiMsAAdi ko mahAvrata kyoM kahA gayA hai? mahAvrata nAma kI sArthakatA batalAte hue AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM ki mahApuruSa arthAt guruoM ke bhI guru inakI sAdhanA karate haiM / pUrvavartI mahApuruSa arthAta RSabha se lekara mahAvIra svAmI paryanta samasta tIrthaMkaroM, gautama Adi gaNadharoM evaM zrutakevaliyoM ne inakA AcaraNa kiyA hai tathA ye svayaM bhI mahAn haiM, zreSTha haiM / ataH inheM mahAvrata kahA gayA hai / 1. mAyA mittANi nAsei / daza0 8.37 2. mAyA tairyagyonasya / ta0 sU0 6.17 3 nizalyo vratI, / ta0 sU0 7.13 4. loho savvaviNAsaNo / daza0 8.37 5. jaina pUjana pATha pradIpa, pR0 163 ahiMsa sacca ca ateNagaM ca tatto ya bambhaM aparigahaM ca / paDivajjiyA paMca mahavvayANi carijja dhammaM jiNadesiyaM viU / / u0 21. 12 7. sAhati jaM mahallA AyariyaM jaM mahallapuvehiM . jaM ca mahallANi tado mahallayA itahe tAI / / cAripAhur3a, gA0 30

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112 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI prathama mahAvrata : ahiMsA mana-vacana-kAya-tathA kRta- kArita- anumodanA se kisI bhI paristhiti meM trasa evaM sthAvara jIvoM ko pIr3ita na karanA ahiMsA hai / mana meM kisI dUsare ko pIr3ita karane para usakA samarthana karanA bhI hiMsA hai / ataH kahA gayA hai ki 'jo hiMsA kA anumodana karatA hai, vaha bhI usake phala ko bhogatA hai / saba sukhI rahanA cAhate haiM tathA sabhI prANiyoM ko apanA jIvana priya hai, ataH kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA nahIM karanI cAhie' / ' ahiMsA kA pAlana karane vAlA sAdhu yahA~ taka ki vaha apanA ahita karane vAle ke prati bhIkSamAbhAva rakhatA hai, vaha abhayadAna dekara sadA vizvamaitrI kI bhAvanA rakhatA hai tathA vadha karane ke lie tatpara hue prANI ke prati bhI vaha tanika bhI krodha nahIM karatA / " vaidika saMskRti meM bhI ahiMsA ko samasta prANiyoM ke dhArmika kAryo kA kalyANakArI anuzAsana mAnA gayA hai / ataH ahiMsA vrata kA mana-vacana-kAya pUrvaka pAlana karanA zreyaskara hai / ahiMsA mahAvrata kI pAMca bhAvanAeM : jaina darzana meM ahiMsA vrata ke samyag prakAra se paripAlana ke lie pAMca bhAvanAoM ke pAlana para bala diyA gayA hai / ye bhAvanAeM haiM -- vacanagupti, manogupti, IryAsamiti, AdAnanikSepaNasamiti aura Alokita paan-bhojn| (1) vacanagupti bhAvanA : vacanagupti se abhiprAya hai apanI vANI para niyantraNa rakhanA / vANI se kisI bhI prANI ko kisI prakAra kA kaSTa athavA pIr3A na pahuMce, yahI vacanagupti bhAvanA hai / (2) manogupti bhAvanA :dharmI-adharmI ke prati samatva bhAva rakhanA athavA mana ko azubha dhyAna se haTAkara zubha dhyAna meM lagAnA, mana meM kisI bhI prANI ke prati hAnikAraka vicAra na rakhanA - yahI manogupti hai / (3) IryA samiti : calate-phirate samaya isa prakAra dekha bhAla kara 1. jaganissiehiM bhUehiM tasanAmehiM thAvarehiM ca / no tesimArabhe daMDaM maNasA vayasA kAyasA ceva / / u08.10 2. na hu pANavahaM aNujANe muccejja kayAi savvadukkhANaM / / vahI, 8.8 3. ajjhatthaM savvao savvaM dissa pANe piyaaye| na haNe pANiNo pANe bhayaverAo uvarae / / vahI, 6.7 4. hao na saMjale bhikkhU maNaM pi na paosae / titikkhaM paramaM naccA bhikkhU-dhammaM viciMtae / / vahI, 2.26 5 ahiMsayaiva bhUtAnAM kAryaM zreyo'nuzAsanam / manusmRti, 2. 156 6. vayaguttI maNaguttI iriyAsamidI sudANanikkhevo / avaloyabhoyaNAe hiMsAe bhAvaNA hoti / / cAritta pAhuDa, gA0 31

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AcArya - parameSThI 113 calA jAe ki trasa-sthAvara kisI bhI prakAra ke jIvoM ko kaSTa na ho, unakI hiMsA na ho-yahI IryAsamiti hai / (4) AdAnanikSepaNa samitiH vastra, pAtra,AhAra, pAnIAdi kisI bhI vastu bhUmi ko dekhakara aura zodhakara rakhanA yA uThAnA - yahI AdAnanikSepaNasamiti hai (5) Alokita pAna-bhojana bhAvanA :isa bhAvanA se abhiprAya hai ki khAne-pIne sambandhI sabhI vastuoM ko bhalI-bhA~ti dekhakara grahaNa karanA / dvitIya mahAvrata-satya : krodha, lobha, hAsya evaM bhaya Adi jhUTha bolane ke kAraNoM ke vidyamAna rahane para bhI mana-vacana-kAya tathA kRta-kArita-anumodanA se kabhI jhUTha na bolanA, sadaiva sAvadhAnIpUrvaka hitakArI evaM priya vacanoM ko hI bolanA satya mahAvrata hai / ataH ahitakara aura apriya vacana satya hone para bhI tyAjya haiM / isI prakAra sAdhu ke dvArA asabhya vacana bhI nahIM bole jAne caahie|' isake atirikta 'acchA bhojana banA hai' athavA 'acchI taraha pakAyA gayA hai' isa prakAra kI sAvadha vANI tathA 'yaha avazya hI aisA hogA' isa prakAra bolane se hiMsA kI evaM nizcayAtmaka vANI bolane se mithyA hone kI AzaMkA banI rahatI hai / satya mahAvrata kI pAMca bhAvanAeM : krodha, bhaya, hAsya, lobha aura moha kA tyAga, hone se satya mahAvrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAeM banatI hai / (1) krodha-tyAga : kaI bAra krodhavaza jhUTha bolA jAtA hai / ataH sarvaprathama to krodha meM na AeM aura yadi kabhI krodhAveza A bhI jAe 1. de0-ta0 vR07.4 2. kohA vA jai vA hAsA lohA vA jaivA mayA / sUsaM na vayaI jo u taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM / / u0 25.24 niccakAlappamatteNaM musAvAyavivajjaNaM / bhAsivvaM hiyaM saccaM niccA utteNa dukkaraM / / vahI, 16. 27 3. vayajoga succA na asamamAhu / vahI, 21.14 4. musaM parihare bhikkhU na ya ohAriNIM vae / bhAsA--dosaM parihare mAyaM ca vajjae sayA / / vahI, 1.24 sukaDe tti supakke tti succhinne suhaDe maDe / suNi TThie sulaDhe tti sAvajjaM vajjae muNI / / vahI, 1.36 5. kohabhaya hAsalohA mohA vivarIyabhAvaNA ceva / - vidiyassa bhAvaNAe u paMceva ya tahA hoti / / cArittapAhuDa, gA0 32

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114 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI to bhASaNa na kareM, mauna evaM kSamAbhAva hI rakhe / (2) bhaya-tyAgaH kaI bAra bhaya ke vaMza meM hokara asatya bolA jAtA hai / ataH sarvaprathama to bhayabhIta hI na ho / yadi kabhI aisI avasthA utpanna ho bhI jAe to satya kI rakSA ke lie bhASaNa na kareM, dhairya rkheN| (3) hAsya-tyAgaH haMsI majAka meM hI adhika jhUTha bolA jAtA hai / hAsya kA udaya hone para satya kI rakSA ke lie vacana kA prayoga na kiyA jAnA arthAt mauna rahane meM hI hAsya-tyAga kI pUrNatA hai / (4) lobha-tyAga :lobhavaza bhI jhUTha bolA jAtA hai jisase satya kI hAni hotI hai / ataH jaba lobha kA udaya ho taba satya kI rakSA ke lie na boleM aura lobha kA parihAra karate hue santoSa dhAraNa kareM / (5) moha-tyAga:yahA~ moha-tyAga seabhiprAya hai--anuviicibhaassnn| vIcI pUrvAcAryoM kI 'vacana rUpa taraMga ko kahate haiM, usakA anusaraNa karate hue bolanA anuvIci bhASaNa hai / isa prakAra anuvIci bhASaNa kA spaSTa artha yaha hai ki jinAgama ke anusAra vacana bolanA' | ataH mahAvratadhArI sadaiva zAstraparamparA kA ullaMghana karate hue hI boleN| tRtIya mahAvrata-acaurya : tuccha se bhI tuccha vastu ko svAmI kI AjJA ke binA grahaNa na karanA aura kevala nirdoSa vastu ko hI lenA acaurya mahAvrata hai / sAdhu ke lie sacitta vastuoM ke grahaNa karane kA niSedha hai / yadi kisI sacitta vastu ko sAdhu svAmI ke die jAne para bhI grahaNa karatA hai to vaha bhI corI hI hai |atH sAdhu ko sadoSa vastu ke grahaNa kA bhI tyAga karanA cAhie / acaurya mahAvrata kI pAMca bhAvanAeM : __zUnyAgAra nivAsa, vimocitAvAsa, paroparodhAkaraNa, eSaNA-zuddhi sahitatva aura sadharmAvisaMvAda ye pA~ca acaurya mahAvrata kI bhAvanAeM haiM / 3 1. de0 - cAritta pAhuDa, gA0 TI0.32 2. danta--sohaNamAissa adattassa vivajjaNaM / aNavajjesaNijjassa geNhaNA avi dukkaraM / / u0 16.28 cittamantamacittaM vA appaM vA jai vA bahuM / na geNhai adattaM je taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM / / vahI, 25.25 3. suNNAyAranivAso vimocitAvAsa jaM parodhaM ca / esaNasuddhisauttaM sAhammI saMvisaMvAda / / cArittapAhuDa, gA0 33

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115 AcArya- parameSThI (1) zUnyAgAra nivAsa: vRkSoM kI koTara tathA parvatoM kI guphA Adi nirjana sthAnoM meM rahanA zUnyAgAra nivAsa hai / (2) vimocitAvAsaHjo gA~va rAjAoM ke AkramaNa Adi se ujar3a jAte haiM, vahA~ ke nivAsI unheM chor3akara anyatra cale jAte haiM / isa prakAra ke dUsaroM ke dvArA chor3e hue sthAnoM meM rahanA hI vimocitAvAsa (3) paroparodhAkaraNaH dUsaroM kA uparodha nahIM karanAarthAt apane sthAna meM Thaharane se nahIM rokanA paroparodhAkaraNa hai / (4) eSaNAzuddhi sahitatva : kisI upakAraNa ityAdi ko lekara sahadhArmiyoM ke sAtha vivAda na karanA arthAt 'yaha vastu hamArI hai' athavA 'yaha tumhArI hai' isa prakAra paraspara vivAda na karanA sadharmAvisaMvAda hai / ' inameM se prathama tIna bhAvanAoM ke pAlana se sthAna sambandhI corI Tala jAtI hai | cauthI bhAvanA ke pAlana se bhikSA sambandhI doSa jinakoM bhikSA kI corI kahA jAtA hai, unase bacA jA sakatA hai aura pA~cavI bhAvanA se upakaraNa sambandhI corI kA doSa nahIM AtA hai / cauthA mahAvrata-brahmacarya : mana-vacana-kAya tathA kRta kArita-anumodanA se manuSya, tiryaJca evaM deva zarIra sambandhI saba prakAra ke maithuna sevana kA tyAga karanA, brahmacarya mahAvrata hai / bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM abrahya ke dasa prakAra batalAe gae haiM -- (1) strI sambandhI viSayoM kI abhilASA, (2) liGga ke vikAra ko na rokanA, (3) vIryavRddhikAraka AhAra aura rasa kA sevana karanA, (4) strI se saMsakta zayyA Adi kA sevana karanA, (5) unake guptAMga ko dekhanA, (6) anurAga-vaza unakA sammAna karanA, (7) vastra Adi se unheM sajAnA, (8) atItakAla meM kI gaI rati kA smaraNa, (9) AgAmI rati kI abhilASA aura (10) iSTa viSayoM kA sevana / ina dasa prakAra ke abraza se bacane ke lie pUrvokta dasa prakAra ke samAdhi sthAnoM kA pAlana karanA Avazyaka hai / 1. vistAra ke lie de0- ta0 vR07.6 2. divva-mANusa-tericchaM jo na sevai mehuNaM / maNasA kAya vakkeNaM taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM / / u0 25.26 itthivisayAbhilAso vatthivimokkho ya paNidarasasevA / saMsattadabbasevA tadidiyAloyaNaM ceva / / sakkAro saMkAro adIdasumaraNamaNAgadabhilAse / iTThavisayasevA vi ya abbabhaM dasavihaM edaM / / bhaga0 A0, gA0 873-74

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jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI brahmacarya mahAvrata kI pAMca bhAvanAeM : ___ mahilAAlokanavirati, pUrvaratismaraNa virati, saMsaktavasati-virati, vikathAvirati aura puSTirasasevanavirati ye pAMca brahmacarya mahAvrata kI bhAvanAeM haiM / ina pA~coM bhAvanAoM kA brahmacarya kI nau guptiyoM meM hI antarbhAva ho jAtA pA~cavA mahAvrata-aparigraha : mUrchA arthAt (dRr3ha) Asakti hI parigraha hai dhana-dhAnya, dAsa-dAsI Adi jitane bhI nirjIva evaM sajIvadravya haiM, una saba meM kRta-kArita-anumodanA tathA mana-vacana-kAya se moharahita hokara tyAga karanA, unameM dRr3ha Asakti kA na honA aparigraha mahAvrata hai| ataH sarvavirata sAdhu ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha bhUkha pyAsa Adi zAnta karane ke lie bhI khAdya padArthoM kA saMgraha na kareM | jo vastra, pAtra evaM mayUrapicchikAAdi upakaraNa saMyama kA pAlana karane ke lie apane pAsa rakhe haiM, unake prati bhI mamatva (moha) nahIM honA caahie| aparigraha mahAvrata kI pAMca bhAvanAeM : rAgotpAdaka manojJa zabda, sparza, rasa, rUpa aura gandha para rAga na karanA tathA dveSotpAdaka amanojJa zabda, sparza, rasa, rUpa aura gandha para dveSa na karanA, ye hI aparigraha mahAvrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAeM haiN| ina pAMca bhAvanAoM se tAtparya yahI hai ki manojJAmanojJa viSayoM meM samAnabhAva, samatAbhAvadhAraNa karanA caahie| isa taraha aparigraha se abhiprAya hai-- pUrNa vItarAgatA / uparyukta pA~ca mahAvratoM ke varNana ko dhyAna se dekhane para yaha jJAta hotA hai ki ina sabhI ke mUla meM ahiMsA kI bhAvanA hai | ataH jainadharma meM ahiMsA ke pAlana para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai aura use mahAvratoM meM prathama sthAna diyA gayA (u) paMcavidha AcArapAlana samartha AcArya : _ AcArya jJAnAdi pAMca prakAra ke AcAra kA pratyeka sthiti meM pAlana ' karane meM samartha hote haiM / cAhe kaisI bhI vikaTa paristhiti utpanna kyoM na ho jAe, ve AcAra-maryAdAoM kA sarvAtmanA pAlana karate haiM kyoMki AcAra kA 1. mahilAloyaNapuvvarai saraNasaMsattavasahi vikahAhi / puTThiya rasehiM virao bhAvaNa paMcAvi turiyambhi / / cAritta pAhur3a, gA0 34 2. mUrchA parigrahaH / ta0 sU0 7.12 3. dhaNa-dhanna - pesavaggesu pariggahavivajjaNaM / savvArambhapariccAo nimmabhattaM sudukkaraM / / u0 16.30 4. apariggaha samaNuNNesu sadaparisarasarUpagaMdhesu / rAyaddosAINaM parihAro bhAvaNA hoti / / cArittapAhuDa, gA035

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AcArya - parameSThI 117 pAlana karanA arthAt dharmAcaraNa hI parama dharma hai - 'AcAraH paramo dharmaH / ' 'ye pA~ca AcAra pAlana kie jAte haiM 2--- (1) jJAnAcAra : vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ko grahaNa karane vAle jJAna meM lagAnA jJAnAcAra hai / (2)darzanAcAra :tattvazraddhAnarUpapariNAmaarthAt samyaktva kI zubha ArAdhanA karanA darzanAcAra hai| (3) cAritrAcAra :jJAna evaM zraddhApUrvaka sAvadya yogoM kA tyAga karanA hI cAritrAcAra hai| (4) tapAcAra :icchAnirodharUpa anazana Adi tapa kA sevana karanA tapAcAra hai / (5) vIryAcAra :apanI zakti ko na chipAte hue dharma-kAryoM meM yathAzakti mana-vacana evaM kAyA dvArA pravRtti karanA vIryAcAra hai / (U) pA~ca samiti aura trigupti sampanna AcArya : 'sam' aura 'iti' ke mela se samitizabda banatA hai / sam arthAt samyak aura 'iti' gati athavA pravRtti kA dyotaka hai / isa prakAra Agama meM kahe hue samyag krama ke anusAra gamanAdi karanA samiti hai / zAstrokta vidhi se sAvadhAnIpUrvaka kriyAoM meM pravRtti karane se pramAdavaza hone vAlI hiMsA Tala jAtI hai | sAdhu ko jIvanayAtrA ke lie IryA, bhASA, eSaNA, AdAna-nikSepaNa evaM utsarga --- ye pA~ca Avazyaka kriyAeM karanI par3atI haiM / ataH ye pA~ca hI samitiyAM kahI gaI haiM / IryAsamiti : sAdhu prayojanavaza yugapramANa (cAra hAtha) bhUmi ko dekhakara, prANiyoM ke saMrakSaNa meM sAvadhAna hotA huA dina meM Rju evaM prAsuka mArga se gamana karatA hai, vaha IryA samiti hai / prayojana se yahA~ zAstrazravaNa, tIrthayAtrA, guru-vaMdanA aura bhikSA grahaNa Adi abhipreta haiM / prAsuka kA artha hai -- jantuoM se rahita mArga / jisa mArga para hAthI, ghor3A va gAya Adi kA AvAgamana Arambha ho cukA 1. manusmRti, 1.108 2. tasminnavastuyAthAtmyagrAhijJAne pariNatirjJAnAcAraH / tattvazradvAnapariNAmo darzanAcAraH / pApakriyAnivRtipariNatizcAritrAcAraH / anazanAdikriyAsu vRttistapAcAraH / / svazaktyanigUhanarUpAvRtirjJAnAdau vIryAcAraH / eteSu paJcasvAcAreSu ye vartante parAMzca pravartayanti te AcAryAH / bhaga0 A0, gA0 TI0,45, pR086 3. samyakzrutanirUpitakrameNetirgativRtiH samitiH |-dhrmaa0, gA0 TI0, 4. 166 4. IryAbhASaNAdAnanikSepotsargAH samitayaH / / - ta0 sU0 6.5

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118 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI ho, vaha prAsuka mAnA jAtA hai / isa prAsuka mArga se bhI dina meM paryApta prakAza ke ho jAne para hI gamana karanA abhipreta hai / ' (2) bhASA samitiHisakA sAmAnya artha hai-sAvadhAnIpUrvaka bolnaa| pizunatA, hAsya, kaThoratA, paranindA, AtmaprazaMsA aura nikRSTa strIkathAjAdirUpa-vacana ko chor3akara aisA nirdoSa vacanabolanA, jo apane lie va anya janoM ke lie bhI hitakara ho |isse satya mahAvrata ke pAlana meM sahAyatA milatI hai / (3) eSaNA samitiHchayAlIsadoSoM se rahita, bubhukSAAdi kAraNoM sahita mana-vacana-kAya va kRta-kArita anumodanarUpa nau koTiyoM se vizuddha tathAzIta uSNa Adi rUpahone para rAga-dveSa rahita hokara jo bhojana Adi ko grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, use eSaNA samiti kahA gayA hai / (4) AdAnanikSepaNa samiti : jJAna ke upakaraNabhUta pustaka Adi, saMyama ke upakaraNa rUpa pIchI Adi aura zauca ke upakaraNabhUta kamaNDalu tathA saMstara Adi ko bhI prayatna-pUrvaka grahaNa karanA va rakhanA, AdAnanikSepaNasamiti kahalAtI hai / (5) utsarga samiti : utsarga samiti kA aparanAma pratiSThApanA samiti bhI hai / janasamudAya ke AvAgamana se rahita ekAntarUpa, 1. pAsugamaggeNa divA avalogo jugappamANa hi / gacchai purado samaNo iriyAsamidI have tassa || - niyama0, gA061 tathA de0, mUlA0 vR0 1.11 2. pesuNNahAsakakkasaparaNiMdappappasaMsiyaM vayaNaM / paricatA saparahidaM bhAsAsamidI vadaMtassa ||-niym0 gA062 tathA de0 - mUlA0 vR0 1.12 bhojana ke chayAlIsa doSa isa prakAra haiM ---solaha udgama doSa - adhaHkarma mahAdoSa hai / auddezika, adhyadhi, pUti, mizra, sthApita, bali, prAvartita, prAduSkAra, krIta, prAmRSya, parivartaka, abhighaTa, udbhinna, mAlAroha, acchedya aura anisRSTa ye solaha udgama doSa haiM | solaha utpAdana doSa-dhAtrI, dUta, nimitta, AjIva, vanIpaka, cikitsA, krodhI, mAnI, mAyAvI, lobhI, pUrva stuti, pazcAt stuti, vidyA, mantra, cUrNayoga aura mUlakarma / daza azana doSa-- zaMkita, mrakSita, nikSipta, pihita, saMvyavaharaNa, dAyaka, unmizra, apariNata, lipta aura vykt| uparyukta AhAra ke 42 doSoM meM saMyojana, pramANa, aMgAra aura dhUma doSa ko milAkara 46 doSa ho jAte haiM / tathA adhaHkarma nAmaka mahAdoSa ko alaga se gina kara 47 doSa ho jAte haiM | -vistAra ke lie de0 mUlAcAra, piNDazuddhi-adhikAra 4. kadakAridANumodaNarahidaM tahapAsugaM pasatthaM ca / / diNNaM pareNabhataM samabhuttI esaNAsamidI / / niyama0, gA0 63 tathA de0 mUlA0 10 1.13 5. potthaikamaMDalAiMgahaNavisaggesu pytprinnaamo| AdAvaNaNikkhevaNasamidI hoditti NihiTThA / / niyama0, gA0 64.tathA de0-mUlA0 101. 14 3.

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AcArya- parameSThI 119 janturahita, dUsaroM kI dRSTi ke agocara, vistRta (bali Adi se rahita)aura jahA~ kisI ko virodhana ho, aisI vizuddha bhUti meM mala-mUtra Adi kA tyAga karanA pratiSThApanA samiti kahalAtI hai / ' guptitraya : mana, vacana aura kAya sambandhI sabhI azubhAtmaka pravRttiyoM ko rokanA gupti hai / tattvArthasUtra meM ise yogoM kA bhalI-bhAMti nigraha karanA batalAyA hai / kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika kriyA arthAt yoga kA sabhI prakAra se nigraha karanA mAtra gupti nahIM hai, balki unakA prazasta nigraha karanA hI gupti hai / prazastanigraha kA artha hai-- soca samajhakara tathA zraddhApUrvaka svIkAra karanA isakA spaSTa abhiprAya yaha hai ki buddhi aura zraddhApUrvaka mana, vacana aura kAya ko unmArga se rokanA aura sanmArga meM lagAnA hI prazasta nigraha hai / yoga ke saMkSepa meM uparyukta tIna hI bheda haiM | ataH nigraharUpagupti ke bhI tIna hI bheda kie gae haiM -- manogupti, vacanagupti aura kAyagupti' / (1) manogupti: saMrambha, samArambha evaM Arambha meM pravRtta hue mana ke vyApAra ko rokanA manogupti hai / 'prANoM ke ghAta Adi meM pramAdayukta vyakti jo prayatna karatA hai vaha saraMmbha hai | sAdhya hiMsA Adi kriyA ke sAdhanoM ko ekatra karanA samArambha hai / hiMsA Adi ke upakaraNoM kA saMcaya ho jAne para hiMsA kA Arambha karanA Arambha hai / 6 ahiMsA ke nirduSTa pAlana karane ke lie mana ke ina tInoM vyApAroM ko rokanA atyanta Avazyaka hai / mana ke vicAroM kI pravRtti satya, mRSA, mizra (satyamRSA) aura anubhaya (asatyamRSA) inacAra viSayoM meM sambhava hone se manogupti ke cAra prakAra batalAe gae haiM -- 1. pAsugabhUmipadese gUDhe rahie proprohenn| uccArAdiccAgo paiTThAsamidI have tassa / / vahI, gA0 65 tathA de0- vahI, vR0 1.15 2. guttI niyattaNe vuttA asubhatthesu. savvaso / u0 24.26 3. samyagyoganigraho guptiH / ta0 sU0 6.4 4. maNagutto vayagutto kAyagutto jiindio / / u0 12.3 5 saMrambha- samArambhe Arambhe ya taheva ya / maNaM pavattamANaM tu niyatejja jayaM jaI / / u0 24.21 prANavyaparopaNAdau pramAdavataH saMrambhaH / sAdhyAyAH hiMsAdikriyAyAH sAdhanAnAM samAhAraH samArambhaH / saMcitahiMsAdhupakaraNasya AdyaH prakrama ArambhaH / bhaga0 A0, gA0 TI0,805 7. sacca taheva mosA ya saccAmosA taheva ya / nautthI asaccamosA maNuguttI cauvvihA / / u0 24.20

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120 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI (ka) satyamanogupti :sadbhUta padArthoM meM pravRttamAna mana ko rokanA satyamanogupti hai / (kha) mRSAmanogupti : mithyA arthAt asatya vajhUThe padArthoM meM pravRttamAna mana ko rokanA mRSA-manogupti hai | (ga) satyamRSAmanogupti :satya evaM asatya se mizrita mana ke vyApAra ko rokanA asatya-mRSA-manogupti hai| (gha) asatyamRSAmanogupti :satya, asatya evaM satyAsatya se rahita mana ke vyApAra ko rokanA hI asatyamRSAmanogupti hai / manogupti se jIva ekAgratA ko prApta hotA hai / ekAgracittajIva azubha saMyama kA ArAdhaka hotA hai / 2- vacanagupti : saMrambha, samArambha evaM Arambha meM pravRtta hue vacana ke vyApAra ko rokanA vacanagupti hai |vcn ke bhI satya Adi cAra prakAra hone se manogupti kI taraha isakebhI kramazaH cAra bheda mAne gae haiM / ve haiM- (1)satyavAggupti, (2)mRSAvAggupti, (3) satyamRSAvAggupti aura (4) asatyamRSA-vAggupti / / vacanagupti se jIva nirvikAra bhAva ko prApta hotA hai / nirvikArI jIva sarvathA vAggupti tathA adhyAtmayoga ke sAdhanabhUta dhyAna se yukta hotA hai / 3- kAyagupti: khar3e hone meM, baiThane meM, leTane meM, garta Adi ke lAMghane meM, sAmAnyataH calane-phirane meM tathA indriyoM kA viSaya ke sAtha saMyoga karane Adi meM jo zarIra kI saMrambha, samArambha evaM ArambharUpapravRtti hotI hai, use rokanA kAyagupti hai |kaaygupti se jIva saMvara 6 ko prApta hotA hai / saMvara se kAyagupta hokara 1. maNaguttayAeM NaM jIve egagga jaNayai / egaggacitte NaM jIve maNugutte saMjamArAhae bhavai / u0 26.54 2. saMrambha-samArambhe Arambhe ya taheva ya / vayaM pavattamANaM tu niyatejja jayaM jaI / / vahI, 24.23 3. saccA taheva mosA ya saccAmosA taheva ya / cautthI asaccamosA vaiguttI cauvihA / / vahI, 24.22 4. vayaguttayAe NaM nivviyAraM jaNayai / nimviyAre NaM jIve vaigutte ajjhappajogajjhANagutte yAvi bhavai / vahI, 26.55 ThANe nisIyaNe ceva taheva ya tuyaTTaNe / ullaMghaNa-pallaMghaNe indiyANa ya juMjaNe / / saraMbha-samArambhe Arambhambhitahava ya / kAyaM pravattamANaM tu niyatejja jayaM jai / / u0 24. 24-25 6. AsravanirodhaH saMvaraH / / ta0 sU06.1

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AcArya - parameSThI 121 Age hone vAle pApAzrava kA bhI nirodha karatA hai / isa prakAra gupti aura samitiyoM ke adhyayana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki gupti meM asatkriyA ke niSedha kI mukhyatA hai aura samiti meM sakriyA pravartana kI mukhyatA hai / ina pA~ca samiti aura tIna guptiyoM ko ATha pravacanamAtAoM ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai / 'pravacana' zabda kA artha hai--jinadeva-praNIta siddhAnta aura mAtA kA artha hai-- mAtA kI taraha saMrakSaka | jinadeva-praNIta siddhAnta 12aMga granthoM meM samAviSTa haiM jo ki hamAre jIvana kI rakSA karane vAle haiM arthAt bhavasAgarasepAra lagAnevAle haiM / ina samitiyoM evaM guptiyoM meM vaha jinendra-kathita dvAdazAMgarUpa samagra pravacana atabhUta hai| ataH inheM pravacana mAtA kahanA ucita hI jAna par3atA hai / ye gupti aura samiti rUpa ATha pravacana-mAtAeM mahAvratoM ke rakSaNa meM sahAyaka haiM / ataH AcArya unako sadaiva sAvadhAnIpUrvaka dhAraNa karate haiM / digambara paramparA meM mAnya AcArya ke chatIsa guNa : bodhapAhur3a kI TIkA meM AcArya ke nimna chattIsa guNa batalAe gae haiM AcAravAn, zrutAdhArI, prAyazcittadAtA, AsanAdida, AyApAyakathI, doSAbhASaka, asrAvaka, saMtoSakArI, digambara, anuddiSTabhojI, azyayAzanI, arAjabhuk, kriyAyukta, vratavAn, jyeSThasadguNa, pratikramI, SaNmAsayogI, tadviniSadyaka, bAraha prakAra kA tapa aura SaDAvazyaka / ' inhIM chattIsa guNoM ko AcAryoM ne cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara adhyayana kiyA hai / ve haiM -- (a) AcAra viSayaka ATha guNa, (A) dasa sthitikalpa, (i)bAraha tapa, (u) SaDAvazyaka | 1. kAyaguttayAe NaM saMvaraM jaNayai / saMvareNaM kAyagutte puNo pAvAsavanirohaM karei / u026.56 2. aTTha pavayaNamAyAo samiI guttI taheva ya / paMceva ya samiIo tao guttIo AhiyA / / iriyAmAsesaNAdANe uccAre samiI iya / maNaguttIvayaguttI kAyaguttI ya aTThamA / / eyAo aTTha samiIo samAseNa viyAhiyA / duvAlasaMgaM jiNakkhAyaM mAyaM jattha u pavayaNaM / / u0 24.1-3 AcAravAn zrutAdhAraH prAyazcittAsanAdidaH / AyApAyakathIdoSAbhASako zrAvako'pi ca / / santoSakArI sAdhUnAM niryApaka ime'STa ca / digambaraveSyanuddiSTabhojI zayyAzanIti ca / / arAjabhaka kriyAyakto vratavAna jyeSThasadagaNaH / pratikramI ca SaNmAsayogI tadadviniSadyakaH / / dviHSaTtapAstathA SaT cAvazyakAni guNA guroH / / bodhapAhur3a, gA0 TI0 1-2 tathA milAiye-bhaga0 A0, gA0528

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122 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI (a) AcAra viSayaka ATha guNa : ukta chattIsa guNoM meM se prArambhika ATha guNa AcArya ke dharmAcaraNa se sambandhita haiM yathA (1) AcAravAn AcArya : darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa aura vIrya ina pA~ca AcAroM kA AcArya svayaM pAlana karate haiM tathA saMgha ke dUsare sAdhu evaM sAdhviyoM ko bhI unake pAlana ke lie prerita karate haiM / (2) zrutAdhArI AcArya : jisakI zrutajJAnarUpI sampatti kI koI tulanA na kara sake use zrutAdhArI athavA zrutajJAnI kahate haiM AcArya caudaha pUrva taka ke zrutajJAna ko dhAraNa karane vAle hote haiM / (3) prAyazcittadAtA AcArya : prAyazcitta viSayaka jJAna kA raka prAyazcittadAtA kahalAtA hai / isa taraha jisane aneka bAra prAyazcitta ko dete hue dekhA ho aura jisane svayaM bhI usakA aneka bAra prayoga kiyA ho, svayaM prAyazcitta grahaNa kiyA ho athavA dUsare ko dilavAyA ho, vaha prAyazcitta AcArya hai inheM vyavahArapaTu bhI kahA gayA hai / (4) AsanAdida AcArya : samAdhimaraNa meM pravRtta hue tapasvI sAdhuoM ko jo Asana Adidekara unakI paricaryA karatA hai, vaha, AsanAdida AcArya kahalAtA hai / use paricArI athavA prakArI AcArya bhI kahA jAtA hai / (5) AyApAyakathI AcArya :AlocanA karane ke lie udyatakSapaka sAdhuke guNaaura doSoM ko prakAzita karanevAlA santaAyApAyakathI AcArya hotA hai / abhiprAya yaha hai ki jo sAdhu kisI prakAra kA aticAra na lagAkara sarala pariNAmoM se apane doSoM kI AlocanA karatA hai, aise usake guNa kI jo prazaMsA karatA hai aura AlocanA meM doSa lagAne vAle ke jo doSa batalAtA hai, vahaAya (=lAbha)aura apAya (= hAni) ko batalAne vAlA AyApAyakathI AcArya hotA 1. vyavahArapaTustadvAn paricArI prakArakaH / dharmA0 6.78 2. vahI, 3. (1) Akampita, (2) anumApita, (3) yadRSTa, (4) bAdara, (5) sUkSma, (6) channa, (7) zabdAkula, (8) bahujana, (6) avyakta aura (10) tatsevita / ye AlocanA ke dasa doSa haiM / - daMsaNapAhur3a, gA0 TI06 4. de0 - bhaga0 Ao, gA0 461-63

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AcArya- parameSThI 123 (6) doSAbhASaka AcArya :doSa chipAne vAle ziSya ke doSa ugalavAne kI sAmarthya rakhane vAlA AcArya doSAbhASaka kahalAtA hai / jisa prakAra catura cikitsaka vraNa (ghAva) ke bhItara chipe hue vikAra ko pIr3ita kara bAhara nikAla detA hai usI prakAra AcArya bhI ziSya ke chipe hue doSa ko apanI kuzalatA ke prakaTa karA letA hai / isI kAraNa ise utpIr3aka AcArya bhI kahA jAtA hai / ' (7) asrAvaka AcArya : jo AcArya kisI ke gopanIya doSa ko kabhI prakaTa nahIM karatA vaha asrAvaka hai | jisa prakAra saMtapta tave para par3Ijala kI bUMda vahIM zuSka ho jAtI hai usI prakAra ziSya dvArA kahe hue doSa jisameM zuSka ho jAte haiM arthAt jo kisI dUsare ko nahIM batalAte haiM, ve asrAvaka AcArya haiM / 2 (8) santoSakArI AcArya : jo sAdhuoM ko santoSa utpanna karane vAlehote haiM,kSudhA-tRSAAdikIvedanAke samayasAdhuoM ko hitakArI upadeza dekara santuSTa karate hai aura pratipala jo sukha va Ananda dene vAle haiM, ve santoSakArIAcArya haiM / inheM hIsukhAvaha bhI kahA jAtA ye AcArya ke AcaraNa viSayaka ATha guNa hote haiM / ' (A) AcArya ke sthitikalparUpa dasa guNa : sthitikalpoM kA AcArya ke AcAra guNa se sambandha nahIM hai / zAstrokta sAdhusamAcAra ko kalpa kahate haiM aura usameM sthiti ko kalpasthiti kahate haiM / ye sthiti kalpa guNa sarva sAdhAraNa hote haiM / dasa sthitikalpa nimna prakAra (6) digambara : jo Acelakya athavA nagna mudrA ko dhAraNa karane vAle hote haiM ve digambara haiM / isase unakAaparigrahatva aura nirvikAratA siddha hotI hai / 10-anuddiSTabhojI : sAdhuoM ke uddezya se banAe gae bhojana-pAna ko 1. vahI, gA0480-82 2. vahI, gA0488 3 de0.- dharmA0 6.77 4. vistAra ke lie de0- vahI, gA0 TI0.6.78.76 5. de0 - vahI, hindI TIkA, pR0684 6. vistAra ke lie de0-bhaga0 Ao, gA0 TI0,423. pR0 321-27 7. vahI, pR0 327

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124 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI jo grahaNa nahIM karatA, vaha anuddiSTabhojI hai / 11-azayyAzanI : zayyA se abhiprAya hai -- vasati arthAt bhavana Adi / unako banAne vAlA, unakA saMskAra karane vAlA tathA vahA~ para vyavasthA Adi karane vAlA zayyAdhara kahalAtA hai / jo aise zayyAdhara ke azana-bhojana-pAna ko grahaNa nahIM karatA, vaha azayyAzanI kahalAtA hai | zayyAdhara kA bhojanAdigrahaNa karane para vahadharmaphala ke lobha se chipAkara bhI AhAra Adi kI vyavasthA kara sakatA hai, sAtha hI isase muni kA usa para vizeSa sneha bhI ho sakatA hai ki yaha hameM vasati ke sAtha-sAtha bhojana bhI detA hai kintu usakA bhojana grahaNa na karane para ukta doSa nahIM Ate / ' 12- arAjabhuk :jo rAjAoM ke ghara meM bhojana grahaNa nahIM karatA athavA jo rAjapiNDa kA tyAgI hai, vaha arAjabhuk hai / rAjapiNDa ke grahaNa karane meM aneka doSa Ate haiM / jaise -- . (1) rAjabhavana meM mantrI, zreSThI, kAryavAhaka Adi barAbara Ate-jAte rahate haiM / ataH bhikSA ke lie rAjabhavana meM praviSTa sAdhu ko unake Ane-jAne se rukAvaTa ho sakatI hai / (2) hAthI-ghor3oM ke Ane jAne se vaha bhUmizodhakara nahIM cala sktaa| (3)naMge sAdhu ko dekhakara aura use amaMgala mAnakara koI burA vyavahAra kara sakatA hai / (4) rAjakula meM corIAdi ho jAne para sAdhu ko bhI doSI ThaharAyA jA sakatA hai / (5) rAjA se prApta susvAdu bhojana ke lobha se aneSaNIya bhojana bhI grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai / isa kAraNa AcArya arAjabhuk hote haiN| 13- kriyAyukta : jo kRtikarma se yukta ho use kriyAyukta kahate haiM / SaDAvazyaka kA pAlana karanA athavA gurujanoM kA vinaya karanA kRtikarma kahalAtA hai / 14-vratavAn jo vratadhAraNa karane kI yogyatA rakhatAho use vratavAn kahate haiM | jo nagna mudrA ko dhAraNa karane vAlA ho, audezika Adi doSoM ko dUra karane vAlA ho, gurubhakta ho tathA atyanta vinamra ho 1. bhaga0 AO, gA0 TI0, 432, pR0 327-28 2. de0 - dharmA0, gA0 TI0, 6.80-81, pR0686-80 3. kRtikarma- SaDAvazyakAnuSThAnaM guruNAM vinayakaraNaM vA / vahI, pR0 687

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125 AcArya - parameSThI vahI sAdhu vratAropaNa ke yogya mAnA gayA hai / ' 15. jyeSTha sadguNa : jinameM utkRSTa sadguNoM kA nivAsa ho unheM jyeSTha-sadguNa kahate haiM | jo jAti aura kula kI apekSA mahAn hoM, jo vaibhava, pratApa aura kIrti kI apekSA gRhasthoM meM bhI mahAn rahe hoM, jo jJAna aura caryA meM upAdhyAya Adise bhI mahAn haiM, ve jyeSThatA guNa se yukta hote haiM | 16-pratikramI :jo vidhi pUrvaka daivasika, rAtrika, pAkSika, cAturmAsika aura vArSika pratikramaNa karate-karAte hoM, ve pratikramI kahalAte haiN| 17- SaNmAsayogI :jo basanta Adi chaha RtuoM meM eka-eka mAsa taka eka sthAna para yoga sAdhanA dhAraNa karate haiM, anya samaya vihAra karate haiM , ve SaNmAsayogI kahalAte haiM / isakA dUsarA nAma mAsikavAsitA bhI hai / 18-tadviniSadyaka : tadviniSadyaka kA abhiprAya hai- varSA Rtu ke cAra mAsa meM eka sthAna para caturmAsa yogadhAraNa karanA / isakA dUsarA nAma 'pajjosavaNA' (paryuSaNAkalpa) bhI hai / isakA kAraNa hai ki usa samaya pRthvI sthAvara evaM jaMgama jIvoM se bharI hotI hai, jisase bhramaNa karane meM sAdhuoM ko mahAn asaMyama hotA hai aura kIcar3a Adi ke kAraNa calane meM bhI kaThinAI hotI hai / isalie jainadharma ke sabhIsampradAyoM meM sAdhu-muniyoM ko varSA Rtu meMcaumAsA karane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / dUsare sAdhusantoM ke eka sthAna para rahane se utane dinoM taka zrAvaka gaNa unake pAsa baiThakara dharma lAbha karate haiM, yahI caumAse kA uddezya hai / isa taraha uparyukta daza sthitikalpa haiM / (i) 16-30 bAraha prakAra kA tapa : AcArya anazana Adi bAraha prakAra kA tapa karate haiM / ina tapoM kA vizeSa adhyayana Age kiyA jAegA / (u) 31-36 SaDAvazyaka : jo rAgadveSAdi ke vaza meM nahIM hotA usakA nAma 'avaza' aura usake anuSThAna kA nAma Avazyaka hai / ve Avazyaka chaha haiM - sAmAthika, caturviMzatistava, vandanA, pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna aura kAyotsarga / 1. Acelakke ya Thido uddesAdIya pariharadi dose / gurumattimaM viNIdo hodi vadANaM sa ariho du / / dharmA, gA0 TI0, 6.80-81, pR0687 2. mAsaikavAsitA sthitikalpo yogazca vArSiko dazamaH / vahI, 6.81 3. vistAra ke lie de0-dharmA0, gA0 TI0, 6.80-81 4. mUlA0 1.22

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126 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI (1) sAmayika : sAmAyika kA samAnArthaka zabda 'samatA' hai / jIvana-maraNa, lAbha -alAbha, saMyoga-viyoga, mitra-zatru aura sukha-duHkha Adi meM samabhAva rakhanA hI sAmAyika kahalAtI hai / ' (2) caturviMzatistava : bhagavAn RSabhanAtha se lekara mahAvIra svAmI paryanta 24 tIrthaMkaroM kA nAmoccAraNa, unakA guNAnuvAda, pUjana tathA mana-vacana-kAya kI zuddhipUrvaka jo unheM praNAma kiyA jAtA hai, use caturviMzatistava kahate haiM / 2 (3) vandanA : arahanta evaM siddha tathA tapa, zruta evaM jJAna Adi guNoM meM jo zreSTha haiM unheM aura vidyA evaM dIkSAguru, ina sabhI kA kAyotsargapUrvaka athavA inakI bhaktipUrvaka jo praNAma kiyA jAtA hai, vaha vandanA kahalAtI hai / (4) pratikramaNa : AhAra Adidravya,zayanAsanaAdikSetra pUrvAhnaaparAhna Adi kAla aura mana kI pravRttirUpa bhAva, inake viSaya meM jo aparAdha kiyA gayA hai usake prati nindA va garhApUrvaka mana-vacana-kAya se pratikriyA abhivyakta kara zuddha karane kA nAma pratikramaNa hai / sAmAyika aura pratikramaNa : sAvadyayoga se nivRtti sAmAyika hai aura azubha mana, vacana, kAya se nivRtti pratikramaNa hai / " yahI ina donoM meM vizeSa bhinnatA hai / 5. pratyAkhyAna : tInoM kAloM ke Azrita nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva-ina cha: se sambaddha jo sevana ke yogya na ho usakA mana-vacana-kAya va kRta-kArita-anumodana ina nau prakAroM se parityAga karanA, pratyAkhyAna kahalAtA hai| pratikramaNa aura pratyAkhyAna : __mUlAcAravRtti meM kahA gayA hai ki jo atItakAla meM utpanna doSoM kA 1. vahI, 23 2. mUlA0 1.24 3. vahI, 1.25 4. svayaM ke dvArA doSoM ko abhivyakta kiyA jAnA nindA hai / 5. guru athavA AcArya ke sAmane apane doSoM kA prakaTa kiyA jAnA gardA hai / 6. mUlA0, vR0 1.26 7. sAvadyayoganivRttiH sAmAyikaM / pratikramaNamapi azubhamanovAkkAyAnivRttireva / bhaga0 A0, gA0 TI0,118, pR0 156 8. mUlA0 1.27

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AcArya- parameSThI 127 pratikAra karanA hai vaha pratikramaNa kahalAtA hai, tathA jo Age bhaviSyat aura vartamAna meM utpanna hone vAle dravyAdiviSayaka doSoM kA parihAra kiyA jAnA hai, vaha pratyAkhyAna kahalAtA hai| isake atirikta pratyAkhyAna meM nirdoSa dravya Adi kA bhI tyAga kiyA jAtA hai, yahI donoM meM vizeSa antara hai|' 6.kAyotsargaH daivasika aura rAtrika Adi niyamoM meM Agamavihita kAla pramANa se jinendra ke guNoM ke cintvana se sahita hote hue zarIra ke prati jo mamatva kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai use kAyotsarga yA vyutsarga kahate haiN| AcArya uparyukta SaDAvazyaka kA svayaM bhI pAlana karate haiM evaM anya sAdhuoM se bhI pAlana karAte haiN| (gha) AcArya-pada-pratiSThA : AcArya-dharma-saMgha kA kendra bindu hotA haiM / saMgha kI sampUrNa vyavasthA AcArya dvArA hI kI jAtI hai| saMgha kA samucita vikAsa AcArya para hI nirbhara karatA hai| ataH isa prakAra ke mahattvapUrNa pada ke lie kisI yogya vyakti kA honA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| jaina paramparA meM AcArya pada kI prApti ke lie eka nizcita mAnadaNDa kA nirdhAraNa kiyA gayA hai| jisako zramaNa dIkSA lie pA~ca varSa ho gae haiM, jo zuddha AcaraNa meM tatpara hai,pravacana meM pravINa hai, navadIkSita hita sampAdana (saMgraha)aura AjJAdhIna aNagAroM para upakAra karane (apagraha) meM kuzala hai| jo paripUrNa (akSata), akhaNDita (abhinna)tathAzabala doSoM se rahita (azabala)cAritravAlA hai aura joasaMkliSTa cittavAlA, bahuzruta evaM bahuAgamajJahai, kamasekamajodazazrutaskandha, bRhatkalpa aura vyavahArakalpa kA jJAtA hai, vaha AcArya pada para pratiSThita hone ke yogya Age yahA~ hI batalAyA gayA hai ki jo ATha varSa kI dIkSA vAlA zramaNa hai, vaha yadi uparyukta guNoM ke sAtha-sAtha kalpa ke sthAna para sthAnAMga evaM 1. vahI,vR0 1.27 2. vahI, 1.28. 3 zabala doSa ikkIsa hai| de0-samavAo, 21.1 4. paMcavAsa pariyAe samaNe NiggaMthe AyArakusale, saMjamakusale, pavayaNakusale, paNNattikusale, saMggahakusale, uvaggahakusale, akkhayAyAre, abhinnAyAre.asabalAyAre. asaMkiliTThAyAracitteM, bahussue, babhAgameM jahaNNeNaM dasa-kappa-vavahAradhare kappai Ayariya-uvajjhAyattAe uddisitte| vyavahArasUtra, 3.5

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128 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI samavAyAMga kA jJAtA hai to vaha bhI AcArya pada ke yogya hai athavA use upAdhyAya, pravartaka, sthavira, gaNI aura gaNAvacchedaka banAyA jA sakatA hai|' parantu uparyukta niyamoM meM apavAda bhI dekhA jAtA hai| niruddha paryAya vAle arthAt kisI vizeSa kAraNavaza saMyama se bhraSTa hue aura punaH saMyamadhAraNa karane vAle eka hI dina kI dIkSAparyAya vAle sAdhu ko bhI AcArya athavA upAdhyAya pada para pratiSThita kiyA jA sakatA hai kAraNa ki usane gaNarUpa meM rahane vAle kuloM ko hitasampAdana se upakRta, vinaya Adi se prItiyukta, saralatA se vizvasta, vaiyAvRtya Adi se sthira, iSTa prayojanArtha sammata, dAna Adi ke lie pramudita, gaNahitake sampAdana se anumata aura bAla-vRddha-glAna ke lie atyadhika iSTa hone se bahumata kiyA hai| niruddha varSa paryAya vAlA zramaNa yadi AcAra prakalpa (nizItha sUtra) kA eka deza (eka vibhAga) par3ha cukA ho aura zeSa AcAra prakalpa ko par3hane kA saMkalpa rakhatA ho to use bhI AcArya yA upAdhyAya pada diyA jA sakatA haiN| AcArya Adi ke cayana athavA pradAna karane ke lie sthaviroM kIsammati lenA anivArya hai kyoMki ve dIrdhadarzI hote haiM evaM unakA jJAna tathA unake anubhava paripakva hI nahIM hote balki sarvAdhika mahattva rakhate hai| yadi sthavira amuka ke lie amuka pada kI anujJA pradAna karate haiM, to. usa sAdhu ke lie gaNadhAraNa karanA ucitaM hotA hai| yadi isameM sthaviroM kI anujJA-nahIM milatI hai, taba use gaNa dhAraNa nahI karanA chie| yadi koI usakI anujJA prApta kie binA hI gaNadhAraNa karanA hai taba vaha utane hI dina kI dIkSA kA cheda yA parihArataparUpa prAyazcita kA pAtra hotA hai| yahA~ yaha bhI batalAyA gayA hai ki tIsa varSa kI zramaNa-paryAya vAlI nirgranthI ke lie tIna varSa kI zramaNa-paryAya vAle nirgrantha ko upAdhyAya pada para tathA sATha varSa kI dIkSA-paryAya vAlI nirgranthI ke lie pA~ca varSa kI 1. vahI, 3.7 2. de0 vyavahAra sUtra, 3.6 3. niruddhavAsapariyAe samaNe NiggaMthe kappaha Ayariya uvajjhAyattae uddisittae smuccheykppNsi| tassa NaM AyAra-pakappasa dese avaTThie, se ya 'ahijjissAmi tti ahijjejjA, evaM se kappai Ayariya-uvajjhAyattAe uddisitte|| vahI, 3.10 4. de0 vahI, 3.2 5. tivAsapariyAe samaNe niggaMthe tIsaM vAsapariyAe samaNIe niggaMthIe kappai uvajjhAettAe uddisitte|| vyavahAra sUtra 7.16

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129 AcArya- parameSThI zramaNa-paryAya vAle nirgrantha ko upAdhyAya athavA AcArya donoM hI padoM para pratiSThita kiyA jA sakatA hai|' tAtparya yaha hai ki yadiadhika dIkSA-paryAya vAlI sAdhviyoM ke AcArya athavA upAdhyAya yadi divaMgata ho jAeM to unheM yaha nahIM socanA cAhie ki hama adhika dIkSA paryAyavAlI hai| ataH hamAre se kama dIkSAparyAya vAle sAdhu ke anuzAsana meM hama kyoM raheM? kAraNa ki unake lie AcArya athavA upAdhyAya ke binA rahanA niyamaviruddha hai| isI prakAra kA vidhAna sAdhuoM ke lie bhI hai| ataH unheM apane se kama dIkSAparyAya vAle zramaNa ko bhI AcArya athavA upAdhyAya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara lenA cAhie, yadi vaha ukta yogyatA rakhatA ho| (Da) dvividha AcArya : Agama meM AcAryoM ke bhI bheda pAe jAte haiM kahIM tIna to kahIM cAra bheda kie gae haiM sthAnAMgasUtra meM ye hI AcArya do prakAra se batalAkara cAra taraha ke svIkAra kie gae haiM ve haiM-- (ka) 1. koI pravrAjanAcArya hote haiM, para ve upasthApanAcArya nahIM hote| 2.koI upasthApanAcArya hote haiM, to pravrAjanAcArya nahIM hote| 3. koI pravrAjanAcArya bhI hote hai aura upasthApanAcArya bhI hote hai| 4. koI na pravrAjanAcArya hI hote haiM aura na upasthApanAcArya hI hote haiN| 1. koI uddezanAcArya hote haiM, para vAcanAcArya nahIM hote| 2. koI vAcanAcArya hote haiM, para uddezanAcArya nahIM hote| 3. koI uddezanAcArya bhI hote haiM aura vAcanAcArya bhI hote haiN| 4. koI na uddezanAcArya hI hote haiM aura na vAcanAcArya hI hote haiN| paMcavAsapariyAe samaNe niggaMthe saTThivAsapariyAe samaNIe niggaMthIe kappai Ayariya-uvajjhAyattAe uddisitte| vahI,7.20 2. vahI, 3.12 3. vahI, 3.11 4 ThANaM, 4.22

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130 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI jo kevala pravrajjA detA hai, vaha pravrAjanAcArya hotA hai aura jo kevala upasthApanA (mahAvratoM meM Aropita karanA) karatA hai, vaha upasthApanA AcArya hotA hai| kucha pravrajjA eMva upasthApanA rUpa donoM hI prakAra kA kArya karate haiM aura kucha donoM hI prakAra kA kArya nahIM bhI karate haiN| isI prakAra jo kevala uddezana (par3hane kAAdeza) detA hai, vaha uddezanAcArya hotA hai aura jo kevala vAcanA detA hai, vaha vAcanAcArya hotA hai| kucha uddezana eMva vAcanA rUpa donoM hI prakAra kA kArya karate haiM tathA kucha aise bhI hote haiM jo donoM hI prakAra kA kArya nahIM bhI karate haiN| yaha Avazyaka nahIM kiye saba alaga-alaga vyaktihI hoN| vyavahArabhASya meM batalAyA gayA hai ki AcArya tIna prakAra ke hote haiM-1) dharmAcArya, (2) pravrajanAcArya aura (3) upasthApanAcArya / eka hI vyaktidharmAcArya,pravrajanAcArya aura upasthApanAcArya bhI ho sakatA hai| isI prakAra eka hI vyakti dharmAcArya, uddezanAcArya aura vAcanAcArya bhI ho sakatA hai| (ca) AcArya sampadA-aSTavidha : gRhastha ke pAsa dhana-dhAnya Adi dravya-sampat hotI hai jisase vaha zobhA pAtA hai, kintu usakI yaha dravya sampat cirasthAyI nahIM, vaha samaya Ane para naSTa ho jAtI hai parantueka sampatti aisI bhI hai jo kabhI naSTa nahIM hotIaura vaha haiM bhAva-sampat / bhAva-sampat sadaiva AtmA ke sAtha rahatI hai, vaha AtmA ke samAna hIanazvara haiN| ataevaAcArya isIbhAva-sampat se hamezA suzobhita hote rahate haiN| AcArya kI yaha bhAva-sampat bhI ATha prakAra kI batalAyI gaI hai| ise gaNisampadA bhI kahate haiM jo isa prakAra hai (1) AcAra-sampadA -saMyama kI samRddhi (2) zruta-sampadA -zruta kI samRddhi (3) zarIra-sampadA -zarIra-saundarya 1. dhammAyari pavvAyaNa, tahaya uThAvaNA guru tio| koi tihiM saMpanno, dohiM vi ekkekkaeNa vaa|| vyavahArabhASya 10.41 2. aTThavihA gaNisampayA paNNattA, taM jahA AyArasaMpayA, suyasaMpayA, sarIrasaMpayA, vayaNasaMpayA, vAyaNA saMpayA, mai saMpayA, payoga saMpayA, saMgAhapariNAmA atttthmaa| ThANaM,8.15 tathA dazA04.2

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___131 AcArya- parameSThI 131 (4) vacana-sampadA -vacana-kauzala (5) vAcanA-sampadA -adhyApana-paTutA (6) mati-sampadA -buddhi-kauzala (7) prayoga-sampadA -vAda-kauzala .. (8) saMgraha-parijJA --saMgha-vyavasthA meM nipunntaa| 1. AcArasampadA : pUrvokta jJAna Adi pA~ca AcAroM kA pAlana karanA AcAra sampadA hai| yaha bhI caturvidha svIkAra kI gaI hai - (ka) saMyamadhuvayogayuktatA : apane grahaNa kie hue saMyama ke bhAvoM meM yogoM ko sadaiva sthira rakhanA athavA cAritra meM sadA samAdhiyukta honA saMyama dhruvayogayuktatA AcAra-sampat hai| (kha) asaMpragRhItAtmAH jisakIAtmAasaMpragRhIta arthAt ahaMkArarahita hai, vaha asaMpragRhItAtmA AcAra sampat se sampanna hote haiN| (ga) aniyatavRttitA : aniyatavRttitA kA artha hai-nirantara vihAra karanA |AcArya eka sthAna para adhika samaya na rahate hue deza-pradeza meM paropakAra kI dRSTi se apratibaddha hokara vicaraNa karate haiN| isIlie AcArya aniyatavRttitAsampat se yukta hote haiN| (gha) vRddhazIlatAH jo vRddha haiM-dIkSA meM bar3e haiM, unake samAna zIla, saMyama, niyama, cAritra Adi vAlA honA tathA vikArahita svabhAva dhAraNa karanA, yahI AcArya kI vRddhazIlatA sampat hai| 2. zrutasampadA: zAstroM ke artha kA jJAna honAAcArya kI zruta-sampadA hai / yaha bhI cAra prakAra kI hotI hai| 1. AyArasaMpayA cauvvihA paNNattA, taM jahA 1. saMjama-dhuva-jogajuttayAvi bhavai, 2. asaMpaggahiyaappayA, 3. aNiyatavittiyA, 4. buDDha-sIlayAvi bhavai / se taM aayaarsNpyaa| dazA0 4.3 2. suyasaMpayA cauvvihA paNNattaM taM jahA bahussuyayAvi bhavai, pariciyasuyayAvi bhavai, vicittasuyathAvi bhavai, ghosavisuddhikArayayAvi bhavai / se taM suysNpyaa| dazA0 44

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132 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI (ka) bahuzrutatA: jisa kAla meM jitane bhIzAstraupalabdhaho, una sabako hetu aura dRSTAnta se jAnane vAlA honA bahuzrutatA sampat hai| (kha) paricitazrutatA: zAstrIya jJAna kI bAra-bAra AvRtti karake, askhalita rUpa se zAstroM kA paricita honA arthAt zAstroM kA sadaiva smRtipaTala para rahanA paricitazrutatA hai| (ga) vicitrazrutatA: svaaura para donoM paramparAoM ke granthoM meM nipuNatA kA honA vicitrazrutatA hai| vyavahArabhASyakAra ne isake atikti vicitrazrutatA kA artha utsarga aura apavAda' ko jAnanA bhI kiyA hai| (gha) ghoSavizuddhikArakatA : AcArya zAstroM kA udAtta, anudAtta aura svarita-ina tIna ghoSoM se yukta zuddha uccAraNa karane vAlA hotA hai| yahI usakI ghoSavizuddhikArakatA hai| (3) zarIra sampadA: . sundara AkRti, sudRr3ha saMsthAna tathA tejasvI zarIra kA dhAraka honA zarIra-sampadA hai| yaha cAra prakAra kI batalAyI gaI hai| (ka) ArohapariNAhasampannatA Aroha lambAI ko kahate haiM aura pariNAha kA artha hai-caudd'aaii| isa prakAra AcArya ke zarIra kA ucita lambAI aura caur3AI vAlA honA hI unakI ArohapariNAha sampat se sampanna honA hai| (kha) anavatrApyazarIratA : AcArya ke zarIra kA aMgahIna, ghRNAjanaka aura hAsyakAraka na honA anavatrApyazarIratA hai| (ga) sthirasaMhananatA: saMhanana se abhiprAya hai--dRddh'taa| AcArya kA zarIra itanA sudRr3ha evaM sAmAnya niyama ko utsarga kahate haiM jaise hiMsA na karanA, parantu mUla niyama kI rakSA hetu Apatti Ane para anya mArga grahaNa karanA apavAda hai jaise sAdhu kA nadI pAra karanA aadi| jaina siddhAnta bAla saMgraha bhAga-1, bola naM0 40 2 sasamayaparasamaehiM ya ussaggovavAyato cittaM / vyavahArabhASya, 10.261 3. sarIrasaMpayA cauvihA paNNattA,taM jahA-Aroha-pariNAhasampannayAvibhavai,aNotappasarIrayA, thirasaMdhayaNayA, bahupaDipuNiMdiyayAvi bhavai / se taM sarIsaMpayA / dazA0 4.3

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133 AcArya-parameSThI sthira hotA hai ki vaha tapa, saMyama, vihAra evaM upakAra ityAdi kAryoM meM nahIM thakatA hai| yahI unakI sthira saMhananatA sampat hai| (gha) bahupratipUrNendriyatA : AcArya kA pA~coM indriyoM se pUrNa evaM svastha honAhI bahu-pratipUNendriyatA hai| pUrNa indriyoM vAlA hI paramArtha kA sAdhaka ho sakatA hai| 4. vacanasampadA: vacana-kauzala hI vacanasampadA hai| yaha bhI cAra prakAra kI batalAI gaI hai|-- (ka) AdeyavacanatAH jisake vacana ko zraddhAyukta hone se sabhI (vAdI, prativAdI) grahaNa karate hoM vaha Adeyavacana kahA jAtA hai| AcArya prazasta vaktA hone se unake vacana sabhI ke dvArA grahaNa kie jAte haiM, yahI unakI AdeyavacanatAsampat hai| (kha) madhuravacanatA: AcArya ke vacanoM meM kisI prakAra kI kaTutA, tucchatAAdi nahIM hotii| ve gambhIratA evaM madhuratA se yukta vANI bolate haiM jisase sabhI ko prasannatA milatI hai| (ga) anizritavacanatA : AcArya ke vacana samabhAva evaM mAdhyasthya bhAva se yukta hote haiN| vayavahArabhASya meM isake doartha kie gae haiM--(1) jo vacanakrodhAdi se utpanna na hoM aura (2) jo vacana rAgadveSa yukta na hoN| isa prakAra ke guNa vAlA honA hI anizritavacanatA hai| (gha) asaMdigdhavacanatA: AcArya ke vacana saMdeharahita hote haiN| vyavahArabhASya meM sandigdha vacana ke tIna artha kie gae haiM--(1) avyaktavacana, (2) aspaSTa artha vAlA vacana aura (3) aneka arthoMvAlA vacana / AcArya ke vacana ina sabhI doSoM se rahita hote haiN| yahI unakI asaMdigdhavacanatA hai| 1.- vayaNasaMpayA cauvvihA paNNattA, taM jahA-AdeyavayaNayAvi bhavai, mahuravayaNayAvi bhavai, aNissavayaNayAvi bhavai, asaMdiddhavayaNayAvibhavai / se taM vynnsNpyaa| dazA0 4.4 2. nissiya kohAIhiM ahavAvIrAgadosehiM / vyavahArabhASya 10.268 3. avvattaM aphuDatthaM attha bahuttA va hoti sNdiddhN| vahI, 10.266

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134 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI 5. vAcanA sampadA: zAstroM kI vAcanA dene kI kuzalatAarthAt adhyApana-kauzala hIvAcanA sampadA hai| yahI bhI cAra prakAra kI hai -- (ka) viditvoddezana : uddezana se abhiprAya hai--par3hane kA Adeza denA / AcArya ziSya kI yogyatA ko dekhakara hI kisI zAstra ke par3hane kA Adeza detA hai| (kha) viditvA vAcanA: AcArya ziSya kI yogyatA ko dekhakara hI vAcanA dete haiM / binA samajhA aura arucikara jJAna lAbhaprada nahIM hotA hai, aisA samajhakara AcArya Age usI ziSya ko vAcanA dete haiM jisane pahale dI gaI vAcanA ko ThIka se samajha liyA hai| (ga) parinirvApya vAcanA: parikAartha hai-sarvaprakAra seaura nirvApya kAartha hai--sndehrhit| AcArya pahale dI gaI vAcanA ko sarvaprakAra se sandeharahita jAnakara evaM pUrNataH hRdayaMgama karAkara hI Age kI vAcanA dete haiN| (gha) arthaniryApakatA: AcArya ziSya ko arthavAcanA isa prakAra dete haiM ki zabda thor3e hone para bhI artha gambhIra evaM vyApaka hoN| yaha AcArya kA arthaniryApakatA nAmaka guNa hai| 6. mati sampadA: mati sampadA se abhiprAya hai--AcArya kI buddhi kA tIkSNa, prakhara aura tatkAlagrahaNazIla honaa| yaha bhI cAra prakAra kI batalAyI gaI hai| (ka) avagrahamatisampadA: dekhI, sunI, sUMghI, cakhI aura sparza kI huI vastu ke guNoM ko sAmAnya rUpa se grahaNa kara lenA avagrahamati sampadA hai| (kha) IhAmatisampadA : IhAse abhiprAya hai--nizcaya vizeSa kI jijhAsAathavA sAmAnya rUpa / se grahaNa kI huI vastu ke viSaya meM punaH tarka-vitarka utpanna karanA / jaise 1. vAyaNAsaMpayA dhauvvihA paNNattA, taM jahA-1-viiya uddisai, 2.viiya vAei. 3. parinivvAviya vAei.4. atthanijjAvayayAvi bhvi| se taM vaaynnaasNpyaa| dazA04.5 2. maisaMpayA cauvvihA paNNattA,taM jahA-1.uggahamaisapayA, 2.IhamaisaMpayA 3.avAyamaisaMpayA, 4.dhaarnnaamisNpyaa| dazA04.6

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AcArya - parameSThI 135 atyanta gahana andhakAra meM sparzana indriya se sparza sAmAnya kA jJAna hone para bhI' yaha sparza kaisA hai ?-' 'kisakA hai' ? isa prakAra kI jijJAsA honA hI IhAmati sampadA hai| (ga) avAyamatisamdA: sAmAnya jJAna ke anantara usa padArtha ke guNa aura doSa kI vicAraNA kara usake nizcaya kA nirdhAraNa karanA hIavAyamati sampadA hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki IhA se grahaNa kI huI vastu ke viSaya meM tatkAla eka nirNaya para A jAnA jaise yaha sA~pa kA sparza hai athavA kamalanAla kA? aisI vicAraNA meM zItalatA Adi guNoM ke kAraNa yaha 'kamalanAla kAhI sparza hai' isa prakAra turanta nizcaya kara lenA hI avAyamatisampadA hai| (gha) dhAraNAmatisamdA: nizcita kie hue vastu bodha ke pazcAt use aisI dRr3hatA ke sAthadhAraNa karanA ki dIrdhakAla taka usakA vismaraNa na ho tathA samayAnusAra usakA tatkAla smaraNa ho jAe, yaha dhAraNAmati sampadA hai| / isa prakAra ukta cAra prakAra kI matisampadA se AcArya ko uttarottara viziSTa bodha-lAbha hotA hai| 7. prayogasampadA : prayoga se abhiprAya hai Atma-sAmarthya athavA kushltaa| dravya, kSetra, kAlaaurabhAva ko jAnakara vAdaAdike karane vAlI sampadA hI prayoga-sampadA hai| yaha bhI cAra prakAra kI batalAyI gaI hai' (ka) AtmazaktijJAna pUrvakavAdaprayoga : merI vAda-vivAda kI kitanI zakti hai, maiM amuka viSaya meM vAda-vivAda karane para jIta sakatA hUM athavA nahIM ? isa prakAra jAnakara vAda kA prayoga karanA AtmazaktijJAnapUrvaka vAda prayoga hai| (kha) pariSadjJAnapUrvakavAdaprayoga : yaha pariSad jAnakAra hai, ajAnakAra hai athavA durvidagdha hai, tathA yaha sabhA bauddha hai, sAMkhya hai athavA cArvAka-matAnuyAyI hai, aisA jAnakAra vAda karanA, yaha pariSad jJAnapUrvaka vAdaprayoga hai| (ga) kSetrajJAnapUrvakavAda prayoga : isa kSetra meM Arya loga rahate haiM yA anArya loga?athavA isa kSetra meM rahane 1. paogasaMpayA cauvvihA paNNattA, taM jahA-1.AyaM vidAya vAyaM pauMjittA bhavai, 2. parisaM vidAya vAyaM pauMjittA bhavai. 3. khettaM vidAya vAyaM pauMjittA bhavai, 4.vatthu vidAya vAyaM pauMjitta bhavai / se taM paogasaMpayA | dazA04.7

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136 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI vAle manuSya sulabhabodhi haiM yA durlabhabodhi? aisA jAnakara vAda kA prayoga karanA kSetrajJAnapUrvaka vAdaprayoga hai| (gha) vastujJAnapUrvaka vAda kA viSaya sarala hai yA kaThina hai, isa prakAra jAnakara vAda kA prayoga karanA vastujJAna pUrvaka vAda prayoga kahalAtA hai| vastu heya, upAdeza aura upekSaNIya ke bheda se tIna prakAra kI batalAyI gaI hai| krodha Adi heya hai, kSAnti Adi upAdeza hai aura paradoSa Adi upekSaNIya hai aisA jAnakara vAda kA prayoga karanA bhI vastujJAna pUrvaka vAda prayoga hai| 8. saMgraha parijJA sampadA : saMgraha seabhiprAya hai--ekatrita karanA / yaha doprakAra se hotA hai--dravya se aura bhAva se / Avazyaka evaM kalpanIya vastra, pAtra Adi kA ekatrIkaraNa dravyataH saMgraha hai, aura aneka zAstra tathA AptajanoM se padArtha ke ekatrIkaraNa ko bhAvataH saMgraha kahA jAtA hai| inameM vicakSaNatA ko parijJA kahate haiM / yahI AcArya kI AThavIM sampadA hai / yaha bhI cAra prakAra kI batalAI gaI hai| (ka) varSAvAsayogya kSetra-pratilekhanA : varSAvAsa meM nivAsa ke lie sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke yogya grAma athavA nagara Adi kI zAstramaryAdAnusAra gaveSaNA karanA varSAvAsayogya kSetra pratilekhanA hai| vyavahArabhASya meM isI Azaya ko aura adhika spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki AcArya ko varSA Rtu ke lie aise kSetra kA nirvAcana karanA cAhie jo samUce saMgha ke lie upayukta ho| (kha) bahajanArtha prAtihArika pIThaphalakAdi grahaNa sthAnIya tathA bAhara bahuta se sAdhuvarga ke lie prAtihArika pITha,phalaka, zayyA tathA saMstAraka Adi kI vyavasthA karanA bahujanArthaprAtihArika pIThAdi grahaNa sampat kahI jAtI hai | vyavahArabhASya meM bhI AtA hai ki 'varSAkAla meM muni anyatra vihAra nahIM karate tathA usa samaya vastra Adi bhI nahIM lete / varSAkAla meM pITha-phalaka ke binA vastra, saMstAraka Adi maile ho jAte haiM tathA bhUmi kI zItalatA se kunthu Adi jIvoM kI utpatti bhI ho jAtI hai| isalie AcArya sAdhuvarga ke lie varSAkAlIna nivAsa ke lie pITha-phalaka Adi kI samucita vyavasthA karate hai| 1. saMgahaparinnAnAmaM saMpayA cauvihA paNNattA, taM jahA-1. bahujaNapAuggayAe vAsAvAsesu khettaM paDilehitA bhavai.2.bahujaNapAuggayAepADihAriya-pIDhaphalaga-sejjA-saMthArayaM uggiNhittA bhavai, 3. kAleNaM kAlaM saMmANaittA bhavai. 4. ahAguru saMpUettA bhavai / se taM saMgahaparinnAnAmaM sNpyaa| dazA0 4.8 2. vAse bahujaNajoggaM vicchinnaM jaMtu gacchapAoggaM / ahavA vi bAladubbalagilANa AdesamAdINaM / / vyavahArabhASya, 10.260 3. na u mailleti nisejjA pIDhaphalagANa gahaNaMmi / viyere na tu vAsAsu annakAle u gammate Nattha / pANAsIyala kuMthAdiyA tato gahaNa vAsAsu / / vyavahArabhASya, 10/261-262

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AcArya - parameSThI 137 (ga) kAlocita kriyAsAmagrI samAnayana : jisa-jisa kAla meM jo-jo kriyA karanI ho usa-usa kAla meM usa kriyA ke yogya sAmagrI juTAnA kAlocita kriyAsAmagrI samAnayana sampadA hai| isake viSaya meM vyavahArabhASya meM kahA gayA hai ki AcArya ko yathAsasamaya svAdhyAya, upakaraNoM kI pratyuprekSA, upAdhi kA saMgraha aura bhikSA Adi kI vyavasthA karanI caahie|' (gha) yathAguru pUjA-satkArakaraNa : yathAgurupUjAsatkArakaraNa se abhiprAya hai ki saMgha meM yathocita vinaya kI vyavasthA banAe rakhanA / vyavahArabhASya meM guru ke tIna prakAra batalAe gae haiM--(1) pravrajyA dene vAlA guru, (2) adhyApana karAne vAlA guru aura (3) dIkSA paryAya meM bar3e muni| ina tInoM prakAra ke guruoM kI pUjA-satkAra karanA arthAt unake Ane para khar3e honA, unake daMDa ko grahaNa karanA, unake yogya AhAra kA sampAdana karanA, vihAra Adi ke samaya unake upakaraNoM kA bhAra DhonA tathA unakA mardana Adi karanA hI yathAguru pUjAsatkArakaraNa haiN| isase saMgha meM vinaya kA samucita pAlana hotA hai aura saMgha meM vyavasthA bhI banI rahatI hai jisase saMgha vikAsa kI ora agrasara hotA hai| ye ATha sampadAeM AcArya kI AdhyAtmika sampattivarddhaka haiM tathA saMgha meM tathA saMgha se bAhara bhI mAna-sammAna bar3hAne vAlI hai| ataH AcArya meM ina AThoM sampadAoM kA honA Avazyaka hai| (cha) AcArya ke karttavya : ___ saMghakA mukhiyA hone ke nAte saMgha kI vyavasthA banAe rakhane kA kartavya AcArya kA hI hotA haiN| yadi kiJcit bhI kamI raha jAe to sArI vyavasthA bigar3a sakatI hai| ataH saMgha meM samucita vyavasthA ko banAe rakhane ke lie AcArya ko nimna chaha bAtoM kA dhyAna rakhanA cAhie -- (1) sUtrArthasthirIkaraNa : sUtra ke vivAda grasta artha kA nizcaya karanA athavA sUtra aura artha meM caturvidha saMgha ko sthira karanA, yaha AcArya kA hI kartavya hai| 1. jaM jAMbhi hoi kAle kAyavvaM taM samANae taMbhi / sajjhAyA paha uvahi uppAyaNa bhikkhamAdI ya / / vyavahArabhASya, 10.263 2. aha guru jeNaM pavvAvito u jassa va ahIti pAMsami / ahavA ahA garu khalu havati rAyaNiyatarAgA u|| tesiM abbhuTThANaM daMDaggaha taha ya hoi AhAre / uvahI vahaNaM vissAmaNaM ya saMpUyaNA esA / / vahI, 10. 264-65 3. suttatthathirIkaraNaM, viNao gurupUya sehbhumaanno| dANavati-saddhavuDDhI, buddhibalavaddhaNaM cev|| odhaniyukti, gA0 628

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138 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI (2) vinaya kA vyavahAra : AcArya ko sabake sAtha vinayapUrvaka vyavahAra karanA cAhie / vinaya cAra prakAra kI batalAyI gaI hai| (ka) AcAravinaya: muniyoM kA mokSa ke lie jo jJAnAcAra Adi anuSThAna hai, usakA sikhalAnA AcAra vinaya hai| (kha) zrutavinaya : muniyoM ko Agama kA sikhalAnA zrutavinaya hai| (ga) vikSepaNAvinaya : jIvoM ko mithyAtva Adi durguNoM se haTAkara samyaktva Adi dharma meM sthApana karanA vikSepaNAvinaya hai| (gha) doSanirghAtanavinaya : jisase krodha Adi doSoM kA nirghAtana-nivAraNa ho vaha doSanirghAtana vinaya haiM / AcArya ukta cAra prakAra kI vinaya pratipatti dvArA ziSya ko vinayazIla banAkara RNamukta ho jAte haiN| 3. gurupUjA: AcArya ko una sabhI muniyoM kA pUjA -satkAra karanA cAhie jo dIkSA meM bar3e hoM yA adhyayana karAne vAle guru haiN| 4. zaikSabahumAna : zikSA grahaNa karane vAle aura navadIkSita sAdhuoM kA bhI ucita sammAna karanA caahie| 5. dAnapratizraddhAvRddhiH AcArya ko cAhie ki vaha dAna ke prati dAtA kI zraddhA ko bar3hAve / 6. buddhibalavarddhanaH __ AcArya kA yaha bhI kartavya hai ki vaha apane ziSyoM kI buddhi tathA AdhyAtmika zakti ko bar3hAve / (ja) AcArya kI caturvidha viziSTa kriyA: pUrvokta chaha kartavyoM ke atirikta AcArya kI cAra viziSTa kriyAeM aura bhI haiN| inheM AcArya kI caturvidha zaktiyA~ samajhanA cAhie / ye nimnokta haiN|1. AyariyoM antevAsIimAecauvihAe viNayapaDivattIe viNaitA bhavai niraNattaM gacchai,tajahA~-- (1) AyAraviNaeNaM, (2) suyaviNaeNaM, (3) vikkhevaNAviNaeNaM. (4) dosnigghaaynnvinnennN| dazA04.6 2. vistAra ke lie de0-dazA0 4.6-13

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AcArya - parameSThI 139 1. sAraNA : AcArya saMghake sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko tathA zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ko dainika kriyAoM tathA naitika kartavyoM kA smaraNa dilAtA rhe| yaha sAraNA (smAraNA) hai| eka AcArya jo apane ziSyoM kI sAraNA nahIM karatA arthAt unako jJAna, darzana evaM cAritra sambandhI AcaraNa kI smRti nahIM karAtA, vaha hitakArI nahIM hai cAhe phira vaha jihmA-cumbana bhI kyoM na kare / tathA jo AcArya apane ziSyoM kI sAraNA karAtA hai, vaha daNDa se pratAr3ita karatA huA bhI zreSTha hai|' (2) vAraNA : koI sAdhu-sAdhvI yA zrAvaka-zrAvikA apane vrata, niyama, siddhAnta yA dharma se bhraSTa ho rahA ho, aticAra yA anAcAra ke mArga para cala rahA ho, to AcArya use samyaka zikSA dekara usa doSa se use haTAe, yahI vAraNA hai| jo AcArya Agamokta vidhipUrvaka saMgraha aura upagraha nahIM karatA tathA zramaNa aura zramaNiyoM ko dIkSA dekara unako sAmAcArI kI zikSA nahIM detA tathA bAla ziSyoM ko samyag mArga para nahIM lAtA phira cAhe vaha jihA-cumbana bhI kyoM na kare, vastutaH vaha AcArya zatrusvarUpa hai| 3. coyaNA: 'coyaNA' se abhiprAya hai--preraNA denA |AcArya sAdhuoM ko pramAda se haTAne ke lie preraNA detA rahe / jJAna, darzana, cAritra jo ki AtmA ke sAra haiM, ina tInoM meM jo svayaM ko aura gaNa ko bhI le jAtA hai, sthita karatA hai, vahI AcArya hai| jo AcArya pramAdayukta athavA Alasya ke vazIbhUta hue ziSyavarga ko mokSa mArga kI preraNA nahIM detA hai, vaha AcArya AjJA kA atikramaNa karatA hai, maryAdA kA ullaMghana karatA hai| 4. paDicoyaNA: punaH punaH preraNA denA hI paDicoyaNA' haiM, yadi koI sAdhaka mRdu vAkyoM 1. jIhAe vilihaMto na bhaddao sAraNA jahiM ntthi| DaMDeNa vi tADaMto sa bhaddao sAraNA jtth|| gacchAyAra0.gA017 2. saMgahovaggahaM vihiNA na karei ya jo gnnii| samaNaM samaNiM tu dikkhittA sAmAyAriM na gaahe|| bAlANaM jo u sIsANaM jIhAe uvliNpe| na sammaggaM gAhei sA sUrI jANa verio|| vahI, gA0 15-16 3. nANammi daMsaNammi ya caraNammi ya tisu vi smysaaresu| coei jo ThaveuM gaNamappANaM ca so ya gnnii|| gacchAyAra0. gA020 4. jo uppamAyadoseNaM, AlasseNaM taheva y| sIsavaggaM na coei, teNa ANA virAhiyA / / vahI, gA036

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140 jaina darzana meM paJca parameDI se dI gaI zikSA ko nahIM mAnatA hai, taba AcArya use kaThora vAkyoM se zikSA de tathA use bAra-bAra prerita kare / jo AcArya vidhipUrvaka preraNA detA rahatA hai, vaha AcArya dhanya hai, puNyavAn hai, vahI mokSa-pradAna karAne vAlA bandhu hai|' vastutaH AcArya kI icchAAtmazuddhi karane kI hotI hai| AcArya upayukta cAroM kriyAeM rAgadveSa -rahita hokara hI karate haiN| (jha) AcArya tathA upAdhyAya ke pA~ca atizeSa : jaina zAsana meM vyavasthA kI dRSTi se AcArya evaM upAdhyAya do alaga-alaga pada haiM parantu kabhI-kabhI ina donoM kA kArya eka hI vyakti karate haiM / gaNa meM AcArya evaM upAdhyAya ke pA~ca atizeSa (vizeSa vidhi) batalAe gae haiM jo nimna prakAra haiM-2 (1)AcArya upAdhyAya meM pairoM kI dhUli ko yatanApUrvaka (jisase ki dUsaroM para na gire) jhAr3ate hue evaM pramArjita karate hue AjJA kA ullaMghana nahIM krte| (2) AcArya aura upAdhyAya upAzraya ke andara mala-mUtra kA tyAga tathA vizodhana karate hue AjJA kAatikramaNa nahIM krte| (3) AcArya aura upAdhyAya kI icchA para nirbhara hai ki ve kisI sAdhu kI sevA kareM yA na kareM / (4) AcArya aura upAdhyAya upAzraya meM eka yA do rAta akele rahate hue AjJA kA atikramaNa nahIM krte| (5) AcArya aura upAdhyAya upAzraya se bAhara eka yA do rAta akele rahate hue AjJA kA atikramaNa nahIM krte| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki ye atizeSaapavAda rUpa haiN| vyavahAra bhASya meM inakA vistAra se varNana karate hue pratyeka atizeSa ke upAyoM kA nirdeza bhI kiyA hai-- (1)pahalAatizeSa hai--bAharaseAkara upAzraya meM pairoM kIdhUlikoyatanA-pUrvaka jhAr3anA |dhuuli ko yatanApUrvaka na jhAr3ane se hone vAle doSa isa prakAra haiM-- (ka) pramArjana ke samaya caraNadhUli tapasvI Adi para girane se vaha kupita hokara dUsare gaccha meM jA sakatA hai| 1. vihiNA jo u coei, sutta atthaM ca gaahe| sodhaNNo, so ya puNNo ya, sa baMdhU mokkhdaaygo|| vahI, gA025 2. de0-ThANaM, 5.166

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AcArya- parameSThI 141 (kha) koIrAjAAdi vizeSa vyakti pravrajita hai to usa para dhUli girane se vaha AcArya ko burA-bhalA kaha sakatA hai| (ga) zaikSa bhI dhUli se spRSTa hokara gaNa se alaga ho sakatA hai|' (2)dUsarAatizeSa hai-upAzraya meM mala-mUtra kAvyutsarjana vizodhana krnaa| AcArya-upAdhyAya zauca karma ke lie eka bAra bAhara jAeM kyoMki bAra-bAra jAne se aneka doSa utpanna ho sakate haiM-- (ka) jisa rAste se AcArya Adi jAte haiM, usa rAste meM sthita vyApArI Adi loga AcArya ko dekhakara khar3e hote haiM-satkAra karate haiM, parantu bAra-bAra bAhara jAne se ve satkAra karanA chor3a dete haiN| (kha) loka meM vizeSa rUpa se pUjita hote dekha koI dveSI vyakti unako vijana (ekAnta) meM prApta kara mAra sakatA hai| (ga) ajJAnavaza ghane jaMgala meM cale jAne se kaI prakAra kI kaThinAiyAM utpanna ho sakatI haiN| (gha) koI vAdI aisA pracAra kara sakatA hai ki bAda ke bhaya se AcArya zauca ke lie cale gae haiN| (Ga) rAjA Adi ke bulAne para samaya para upasthita na hone ke kAraNa rAjA Adi kI pravrajyA yA zrAvakatva ke grahaNa meM pratirodha ho sakatA hai| (ca) sUtra aura artha kI parihAni ho sakatI hai| (3) tIsarA atizeSa hai-sevA karane kI aicchikatA AcArya kA kArya hai ki ve sUtra,artha,mantra, vidyA, yogazAstrakA parAvartana kareM tathA usakA gaNa meM pravartana kreN| sevA Adi meM pravRtta hone para ina kAryoM meM bAdhA A sakatI hai| vyavahArabhASyakAra ne sevA ke antargata bhikSA prApti ke lie AcArya ke gocarI jAne na jAne ke sandarbha meM bahuta vistRta carcA kI hai| (4) cauthA atizeSa-eka do rAta upAzraya meM akele rhnaa| sAmAnyataH AcArya-upAdhyAya akele nahIM rahate / unake sAtha anya 1. vyavahArabhASya, 6.82-83 Adi 2. vyavahArabhASya, 6.66-105 Adi 3. vahI 6.123-227

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142 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI ___ sAdhu rahate hI haiN| prAcIna kAla meM AcArya parva-dinoM meM vidyAoM kA parAvartana karate the, isalie unheM eka dina-rAta akele rahanA par3atAthA athavA kRSNA caturdazI amuka vidyA sAdhane kA dina hai aura zuklA pratipadA amuka vidyA sAdhane kA dina hai taba AcArya tIna dina-rAta taka akele ajJAta meM rahate haiM / phira bhI isa prakAra akele rahate hue unheM maryAdA kA ullaMghana nahIM hotaa| (5) pAMcavA atizeSa hai- eka-do rAta upAzraya se bAhara akele rhnaa| mantra, vidyA Adi kI sAdhanA karate samaya jaba AcArya vasati ke andara akele rahate haiM-taba sArA gaNa bAhara rahatA hai aura jaba gaNa andara rahatA hai taba AcArya bAhara rahate haiM kyoMki vidyA Adi kI sAdhanA meM vyAkSepa na ho tathA ayogya vyakti mantra Adi ko sunakara usakA durUpayoga na kareM, isalie aisA karanA hotA hai| (Ja) AcArya tathA upAdhyAya meM saMgrahasthAna : yahA~ para saMgrahasthAna se abhiprAya una bAtoM se hai jinakA dhyAna rakhane se AcArya jJAna athavA ziSyoM kA saMgraha kara sakate haiM-saMgha meM vyavasthA kAyama rakha sakate haiN| AcArya tathA upAdhyAya ke sAta saMgrahasthAna batalAe gae haiN| (1) AcArya ko AjJA aura dhAraNA kA samyak prayoga karanA caahie| kisI kArya ke lie vidhAna karane ko AjJA kahate haiM, tathA kisI bAta se rokane ko dhAraNA kahate haiN| AjJA aura dhAraNA kA samucita prayoga na hone para sAdhu Apasa meM yA AcArya ke sAtha kalaha karate haiM jisase ki saMgha meM vyavasthA bigar3a jAtI hai| (2)AcArya aura upAdhyAya ko ratnAdhika kI vandanA ityAdi kA samyak prayoga karanA caahie| yadi koI choTA sAdhu ratnAdhika kI vandanA na kare to AcArya aura upAdhyAya kA yaha kartavya hai ki ve use vandanA ke lie pravRtta kareM, nahIM to vyavasthA bigar3a sakatI hai| (3) ziSyoM meM jisa samaya jisa sUtra ko par3hane kI yogyatA ho athavA jitanI dIkSA ke bAda jo sUtra par3hanA cAhie usakAAcArya hamezAdhyAna rakheM / aisA na karane para navadIkSita sAdhutaMga hokara 1 pakkhassa aThamI khala mAsassa ya pakkhiaMmaNeyavvaM / aNNaMpi hoi pavvaM uvarAgo caMdasUrANaM / / vahI, 6.252 2. vA aMto gaNI va gaNo vikkhevo mA hu hojja agghnnN| vasatehi parikhatto u atthate kAraNe tehi|| vyavahArabhASya, 6.258 3. ThANaM,7.6 4. jo sAdhu dIkSA meM bar3A ho vaha ratnAdhika kahalAtA hai| 5. kitane varSa kI dIkSA ke bAda kauna sA zAstra par3hAyA jAe, isakI vistRta jAnakArI ke lie de0-vyavahAra sUtra, 10.24-38

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AcArya - parameSThI 143 gaNa ko chor3a sakate haiN| (4)AcArya aura upAdhyAya ko bImAra, tapasvI tathA vidyAdhyayana karane vAle sAdhuoM kI vaiyAvRttya kA ThIka prabandha karanA caahie| isake abhAva meM bhI saMgha meM avyavasthA utpanna ho jAtI hai| (5) AcArya aura upAdhyAyako dUsaroM kI sammati se kArya karanA cAhie athavA ziSyoM se dainika kRtyoM ke viSaya meM pUchate rahanA caahie| isase saMgha meM sthiti ThIka banI rahatI hai| (6)AcArya tathA upAdhyAya ko aprApta Avazyaka upakaraNoM kI prApti ke lie samyak vyavasthA karanI cAhie arthAt jo vastueM Avazyaka haiM aura sAdhuoM ke pAsa nahIM hai unakI nirdoSa prApti ke lie prayatna karanA caahie| (7) AcArya tathA upAdhyAya ko pUrva-prApta upakaraNoM kI yathAvidhi rakSA kA dhyAna rakhanA caahie| unheM aise sthAna para na rakhane diyA jAe jahA~ ve kharAba ho jAeM athavA curA lI jaaeN| isa prakAra kie jAne para saMgha kI vyavasthA meM kisI bhI prakAra kI bAdhA nahIM AtI, vyavasthA sucArU rUpa se calatI rahatI hai aura saMgha meM vRddhi hotI rahatI hai| (Ta) AcArya tathA upAdhyAya kA gaNa se apakramaNa : gaNa-apakramaNa se abhiprAya hai-gaNa kA tyAga kara denA, gaNa se bAhara nikala jAnA / sAmAnyataH aisI sthiti nahIM AtI hai parantu kucha eka aise kAraNa hote haiM jaba AcArya tathA upAdhyAya vivaza hokara gaNa ko chor3a jAte haiN| sthAnAGgasUtra meM aise pA~ca kAraNa batalAe gae haiM jo nimna prakAra haiM-- (1) AjJA aura dhAraNA kA samyak prayoga na honA : gaNa meM vyavasthA ko banAe rakhane ke lie AjJA evaM dhAraNA kA samyak prayoga honA Avazyaka hai| yadi AcArya tathA upAdhyAya AjJA yA dhAraNA kA samyak prayoga na kara sakeM to gaNa se apakramaNa kara dete haiN| (2) vandana aura vinaya kA samyak prayoga na honA : jaina paramparA kI gaNa vyavasthA meM AcArya kA sthAna sarvopari hai parantu aisA koI niyama nahIM hai ki ve vaya, zruta aura dIkSAparyAya meM sabase bar3e hI hoN| unakA yaha kartavya hai ki jo zrutasthavira tathA paryAyasthavira haiM, unakA ve vandana Adi se ucita sammAna kreN| yadi ve pada ke abhimAna se aisA na kara sakeM to gaNa ko chor3a dete haiN| 1. de0-ThANaM.5.167

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144 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI (3) zruta kI samyak vAcanA na honA : AcArya tathA upadhyAya kA yaha karttavya hai ki ve jina zrutaparyAyoM ko dhAraNa karate haiM,samaya-samaya para unakI gaNa ko samyak vAcanA dete raheM parantu yadi ve pramAda Adi kAraNoM se sUtrArtha kI samyag vAcanA na kara sakeM taba vaha gaNa kA tyAga kara dete haiN| (4) apane athavA dUsare gaNa kI sAdhviyoM meM Asakti : AcArya tathA upAdhyAya apane gaNa kI yA dUsare gaNa kI sAdhviyoM meM Asakta ho jAeM to gaNa se bAhara nikala jAte haiM parantu dekhA jAtA hai ki sAdhAraNatayA aisI sthiti nahIM AtI hai kintu kabhI-kabhI dRr3hatA se baMdhe hue karmoM ke udya se aisA ho jAtA hai, usa sthiti meM AcArya gaNa ko chor3akara cale jAte haiN| (5) mitra yA svajanoM kA gaNa se nikala jAnA : AcArya tathA upAdhyAya ke mitra athavA svajana gaNa se nikala jAeM to unheM punaH gaNa meM sammilita karane ke lie tathA unakA sahayoga prApta karane ke lie ve apane gaNa se apakramaNa kara dete haiM | jaba unakA abhISTa prayojana siddha ho jAe, taba ve punaH gaNa meM sammilita ho jAte haiN| (Tha) AcArya-bhakti : zuddha bhAva se AcArya meM anurAga karanA hI AcArya bhakti hai| anurAga se prerita hokara hI bhakta, kabhI AcAryAM ko nae-nae upakaraNoM kA dAna detA hai, kabhI vinayapUrvaka unake sAmane jAtA hai, kabhI unake prati Adara prakaTa karatA hai aura kabhI zuddha mana se unake pairoM kA pUjana karatA hai| AcArya meM anurAga se tAtparya hai--AcArya ke guNoM meM anurAga AcArya kundakunda ne unhIM AcAryoM ko praNAma kiyA hai jo uttama kSamA, prasannabhAva, vItarAgatA aura tejasvitA se yukta haiM tathA jo gagana kI bhA~ti nirlipta aura sAgara kI bhA~ti gambhIra haiN|' 1. arhadAcAryeSu bahuzruteSu pravacane ca bhAvavizuddhiyukto'nurAgo bhktiH| sarvArthasiddhi, 6.24 bhASya 2. AcAryANAmapUrvopakaraNadAnaM sanmukhagamanaM, sambhramavidhAnaM pAdapUjanaM dAnasammAnAdi vidhAnaM manaHzuddhiyukto'nurAgazcAcAryabhaktirucyate / / ta010 6.24. pR0 228-226 3. uttamakhamAe puDhavI pasaNNabhAveNa acchjlsrisaa| kammiMghaNadahaNAdo agaNI vAU asNgaado|| dazabhakti, pR 210 4. gayaNamiva NiruvalevA akkhohA sAyaruvvamuNivasahA / erisa guNaNilayANaM pAyaM paNamAmi suddhamaNo / / vahI

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AcArya - parameSThI 145 tiloyapaNNatti ke lekhaka yativRSabha ne bhI AcAryoM ke guNoM kA varNana karate hue unakI prasannatA prApta karane kI abhilASA kI hai|' AcAryoM kI bhakti se samyagjJAna prApta hotA haiM / kundakundAcArya kahate hai ki "mujha ajJAnI ke dvArA Apake guNoM ke samUha kI jo stuti kI gaI hai, vaha gurubhakti se yukta mujhe bodhilAbha kraave"| unhoMne eka dUsare sthAna para kahA hai ki AcArya kI bhakti karane vAlA,aSTakarmoM kA nAza karake saMsAra-sAgara se pAra ho jAtA hai| AcArya umAsvAti ne AcArya-bhakti ko tIrthaMkara nAmakarma ke Asrava kA kAraNa mAnA haiN| abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa meM AcArya ko namaskAra karane se vidyA aura mantra kI siddhi svIkAra kI gaI hai| anAgAradharmAmRta meM AcArya kI upAsanA ke mAhAtmya kI prazaMsA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki 'jinake caraNoM kA Azraya tatkAla hI saMsAra mArga kI thakAna ko dUra karake nivRttirUpI amRta kI bAra-bAra varSA karatA hai, usa AcArya kI sevA kauna nahIM karegA arthAt ve sabhI mumukSuoM ke dvArA sevanIya isa prakAra AcArya kA pada mahAn evaM gauravamaya hai| samasta jaina-vAGmaya meM unakI guNagarimA upalabdha hotI hai| ve samasta saMgha ke agraNI hote haiN| ve mumukSuoM ko jJAna ke mArga para lAkara tathA unheM sAMsArika viSaya-bhogoM se dUra haTAkara bhavasAgara se pAra lagA dete haiN| ataeva hameM zuddhabhAva se AcArya ke guNoM meM anurAga rakhate hue unakI vaiyyAvRtti(zuzrUSA) karanI caahie| 1. paMcamahavvayatuMgA takkAliyasaparasamayasudadhArA / __ NANAguNabhariyA AiriyA mama pasIdaMtu / / tiloya0 1.3 2. tumhaM guNagaNasaMthudi ajANamANeNa jo mayA vutto / * deu mama bohilAhaM gurubhattijudatthao NicvaM / / dazabhakti, pR0 213 3. gurubhaktisaMyamAbhyAM ca taranti saMsArasAgaraM ghoram / chindanti aSTakarmANi janma-maraNe na prApnuvanti / / vahI, AcArya bhakti, kSepaka zloka, pR0 214 4. de0- ta0 sU06.23 5. bhattIi jiNavarANAM khijjaMtI puvva saMciA kammA / AyarianamukkAreNa vijjamaMtA ya sijjhaMti / / abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, bhAga-5, 10 1365 6. yatpAdacchAyamucchidya sa dyo janmapathalamama / varvaSTi nivRtisudhAM sUriH sevyo na 6.32

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upAdhyAya parameSThI sUttaM yatInati-0paTu-sphuTa-yuktiyukta yuktipramANa - nayabhaMgagamairgabhIram / ye pAThayanti varasUripadasya yogyAs te vAcakAzcaturacAru -giro jayanti / / maMgala-vANI, pR0276 ... .............

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paJcama pariccheda upAdhyAya parameSThI ArAdhya evaM pUjya caturtha parameSThI upAdhyAya haiM / upAdhyAya parameSThI bhI AcArya parameSThI hI kI taraha atyanta mahattvapUrNa evaM gauravazAlI haiN| jisa prakAra saMgha meM cAritra kI sAdhanA ke lie AcArya ko prathama sthAna diyA gayA hai, usI prakAra jJAna kI sAdhanA ke lie saMgha meM upAdhyAya kA dvitIya sthAna hai| jaina AgamoM evaM unake uttaravartI vAGmaya meM upAdhyAya ke viSaya meM atyadhika mUlyavAn sandarbha prApta hote haiM jisase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki upAdhyAya bhI jaina paramparA meM eka mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhate haiN| (ka) upAdhyAya kI garimA : samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakacAritra ye tInoM milakara mokSa ke sAdhana haiN|' yahA~ cAritra ke samAna hI jJAna kI sAdhanA kA bhI mokSa kI upalabdhi meM prAmukhya hai| yadi sAdhaka ke jIvana meM jJAna kA prakAza nahIM hai to vaha cAritra kA pAlana bhI samyak rUpa se nahIM kara sakatA kAraNa ki andhakAra se ghire hue sAdhaka ko na to heyopAdeya kA viveka hI rahatA hai aura na hI use saMsAra aura mokSamArga ke pRthakkaraNa kA jJAna hI hotA hai| isake sAtha hI vaha dharma-adharma, puNya-pApa, utthAna-patana tathA sAdhana evaM sAdhya ityAdi kA bhI ThIka se vizleSaNa nahIM kara sktaa| ataH mumukSu sAdhaka ko jJAna kA prakAza pAnA atyanta Avazyaka hai| yathArthajJAna kA prakAza hone para hI vaha sva evaM para kalyANa meM tatpara ho sakatA hai| prakRSTa jJAnI : paramaguru upAdhyAya dharma-saMgha ke sAdhu-sAdhvI tathA zrAvaka-zrAvikA varga meM jJAna kA prakAza karate haiN| ve apane nirmala jJAna se ajJAnAndha vyaktiyoM ko jJAnarUpI netra pradAna karate haiN| svayaM zAstroM ko par3hanA aura saMgha ke jJAna-pipAsu sAdhu varga ko par3hanA upAdhyAya kA hI kartavya hai| buddhibala sampanna : upAdhyAya ati prakRSTa prajJA vAle hote haiN| ve hI jIvana kI rahasyapUrNa

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148 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI granthiyoM ko naya aura pramANa, nizcaya aura vyavahAra' tathA utsarga eva apavAda kI zAna para car3hAkara apane buddhibala se sulajhAne meM samartha hote haiN| zrutaguru : ve hI saMgha meM AdhyAtmika, dArzanika evaM dhArmika zikSA ke sarvocca pratinidhi hote haiM / ve hI mokSa ke sAdhanoM kA mahattvapUrNa vivecana karate haiM aura ve hI zrutaguru haiN| ve jJAna rUpI divya-dIpa ko saMgha meM prajvalita rakhakara zruta-paramparA ko Age hI Age bar3hAte haiM / isa prakAra upAdhyAya kA pada atyadhika pratiSThApUrNa hai| (kha) upAdhyAya pada kI vyutpattilabhya vyAkhyA : upAdhyAya zabda upa+adhi i + ghaJ se banatA hai| 'upetya asmAt adhIyate iti upAdhyAyaH' arthAt jisake pAsa meM jAkara adhyayana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha upAdhyAya hotA hai| isa prakAra upAdhyAya se zikSaka, gurU, adhyApaka Adi artha liyA jAtA hai| jaina darzana meM upAdhyAya pada kI viziSTa paribhASAeM milatI haiN| jaise-- (ka) bhagavatIsUtra meM upAdhyAya kA nirvacana karate hue batalAyA gayA hai ki 'upa' arthAt samIpa tathA 'iG dhAtu adhyayana karane ke artha meM prayukta hotI hai| isa prakAra upAdhyAya vaha hai jisake samIpa meM jAkara adhyayana kiyA jAtA hai, AtmajJAna prApta kiyA jAtA hai| (kha) kucha eka vidvAnoM ke anusAra 'iNa' dhAtu gati artha meM AtI hai tathA adhi' se abhiprAya hai--adhika arthAt bAra-bAra |atH jinake pAsa bAra-bAra jJAna prApti ke lie jAyA jAtA hai, ve upAdhyAya haiM / (ga) anya kucha vidvAn mAnate haiM ki 'ik' dhAtu smaraNa artha meM hotI hai aura jinake pAsa sUtra kramAnusAra jina pravacana kA smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, ve upAdhyAya haiN| 1. tena sakalAdezaH pramANAdhIno vikalAdezo nayAdhInaH / ta0vR0 1.6, pR08-6 2. vavahAro'bhUyattho bhUyattho desido du suddhnno| samayasAra, jIvAjIvAdhikAra, gA011 3 de0-saMskRta-zabdArtha kaustubh| 4. upa-samIpamAgatyAdhIyate 'iGadhyayane' iti vacanAt ptthyte| bhaga0vR0pa04 5. 'iNa gatA' vitivacanAdvA adhi-Adhikyena gmyte| vahI 6 ika smaraNe' iti vacanAdvA smaryate sUtrato jinapravacanaM yebhyaste upaadhyaayaaH| vhii|

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upAdhyAya parameSThI 149 (gha) jinezvara bhagavAn dvArA prarUpita dvAdazAMga ko paMDita puruSa svAdhyAya kahate haiM / usa dvAdazAMga kA ve upadeza dete haiM, isalie ve svayaM meM hI upAdhyAya haiN|' (Ga) upAdhyAya kA mukhya kArya hai--pddh'naa| isalie AcArya zIlAGka ne upAdhyAya koadhyApaka batalAyA hai| upAdhyAya zramaNoM ko sUtra-vAcanA dete haiN| isI se AcArya abhayadevasUrine usako sUtradAtA kahA hai| (ca) prAkRta zailI ke anusAra upAdhyAya ko uvajjhAya athavA ujjhA kahA jAtA hai| Avayazyakaniyukti meM ina donoM kI niyukti bar3e hI sundara DhaMga se kI gaI hai'u' se upayoga aura 'jjha' se dhyAna artha liyA gayA hai| ataH jo upayogapUrvaka dhyAna karatA hai vaha upAdhyAya (ujjhA) kahalAtA hai| dUsare, "uvajjhAya' zabda meM 'u' se upayoga, 'va' se pApa kA varjana, 'jjha' se dhyAna aura 'u' se karmoM kI udIraNA artha grahaNa kiyA gayA hai ataH jo upayoga pUrvaka pApako chor3akaradhyAna ke dvArA karmoM kA nAza karatA hai, vaha upAdhyAya (uvajjhAya) kahalAtA hai| kAlAntara meyahI uvajjhAyazabda ojjhA,ojhAathavA jhAke rUpa meM bhI prayukta huA milatA hai| (cha) dhavalA TIkA meM caudaha vidyAsthAnoM ke vyAkhyAna karane vAloM ko upAdhyAya kahA gayA hai kAraNa ki upAdhyAya tatkAlIna paramAgama ke vyAkhyAna karane vAle hote haiM aura ye hI saMgraha, anugraha Adi 1. bArasaMgo jiNakkhAo, sajjhAo kahiA buhe| taM uvaisaMti jamhA, uvajjhAyA teNa vuccati / / bhaga0 vR0pa04 2. upAdhyAyaH adhyApakaH / AcArAMgavRtti, sU0 276 3. upAdhyAyaH suutrdaataa| sthAnAMgavRtti, 3.4.323 4. utti uvaogakaraNe, jjhati ajhANassa hoi Niddesa eeNa huMti ujjhA eso annovi pajjAo / / utti uvaogakaraNe vattia pAvaparivajjaNe hoi| jhatti ajhANassa kae utti aosakkaNA kamme / / A0ni0, gA0 1002-3 coddasa-puvva-mahoyahimAhigamma siva-tthio sivatthINaM / sIlaMdharANa vattA hoi muNI sA uvjjhaao|| dhavalA TIkA, prathama pustaka, gA0 32

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150 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI guNoM ko chor3akara AcArya ke sabhI guNoM ke dhAraka hote haiM arthAt AcArya tulya hI hote haiN| (ja) AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM ki 'jo ratnatraya se yukta haiM, jinakathita padArthoM ke zUravIra upadezaka haiM aura jo nikAMkSabhAva se yukta haiM, ve upAdhyAya kahalAte hai| isI prakAra AcArya nemicandra ne ratnatraya se yukta, sadA dharmopadeza dene meM tatpara evaM muniyoM meM zreSTha AtmA ko upAdhyAya batalAyA hai| ye upAdhyAya ajJAna rUpI andhakAra meM bhaTake hue prANiyoM ko jJAnarUpI prakAza pradAna karate haiN|' isa prakAra upAdhyAya samyagjJAna, darzana aura cAritrarUpa ratnatraya se yukta eka zreSTha muni hote haiN| unakA mukhya kArya zAstroM kA paThana-pAThana hai| navadIcita sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke adhyApana kA kAryabhAra upAdhyAya ke hI Upara hotA hai| jJAna ke binA sAdhaka apane lakSya ko prApta nahIM kara sktaa| upAdhyAya Agama-sUtroM kI vAcanA se mumukSujanoM ke ajJAna rUpI andhakAra ko naSTa kara DAlate haiN| saMgha ke saMcAlana kA kArya AcArya kA hotA hai parantu jIvana kI rahasyapUrNa granthiyoM ko sulajhAne kA kArya to mukhya rUpa se upAdhyAya hI karate haiM / ataH upAdhyAya saMgha meM eka mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhate haiN| (ga) upAdhyAya pada ke lie arhatA upAdhyAya jaise mahattvapUrNa pada para kaunaM pratiSThita ho sakatA hai? usameM kauna-kauna sI yogyatAeM honI cAhie? yaha bhI eka vicAraNIya viSaya hai| jo vyakti isa para ArUr3ha honA cAhatA hai, pahale use zArIrika, mAnasika aura zaikSaNika yogyatA kI kasauTI para kasA jAtA hai| yadi koI vyakti isa pada ke ayogya hai aura vaha isa pada para AsIna ho jAtA hai to vaha isa pada kA aura zAsana kA bhI gaurava ghaTAtA hai| isalie jaina manISicintakoM ne upAdhyAya kI yogyatA ke viSaya meM bahuta hI sUkSmatA se cintana kiyA hai| 1. Namo uvajjhAyANaM-caturdazavidyAsthAnavyAkhyAtAraH tAtkAlikapravacana-vyAkhyAtAro vA aacaarysyoktaashesskssnnsmnvitaaHsNgrhaanugrhaadigunnhiinaaH||dhvlaattiikaa, prathama pustaka, pR051 2. rayaNattayasaMjuttA jiNakahiyapayatthadesayA suuraa| NikkaMkhabhAvasahiyA uvajjhAyA erisA honti|| niyama0, gA074 3. jo rayaNattayajutto Nicca dhammovaesaNe nnirdo| so uvajjhAo appA jadivaravasaho Namo tss|| dravyasaMgraha, gA053 4. aNNANaghoratimire duraMtatIramhi hiNddmaannaannN| bhaviyANujoyayarA uvajjhayA varamadiM deNtu|| tiloya0 1.4

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upAdhyAya parameSThI 151 jisakI dIkSA hue tIna varSa ho gae haiM, aisAzramaNa nirgrantha yadi AcAra, saMyama,pravacana,saMgraha aura upagraha AdimeM kuzala hai,paripUrNa (akSatA),akhaNDita (abhinna) aura niraticAra (azabala) cAritra vAlA hai, asaMkliSTa AcAra evaM asaMkliSTa cittavAlA, bahuzruta evaM bahu AgamajJa hai tathA kama se kama AcAra prakalpadhara (nizIthasUtra kA jJAtA) hai, aisA vyakti vizeSa hI upAdhyAya pada para pratiSThita ho sakatA haiN|' yahI upAdhyAya banane ke lie athavA usake pada ko grahaNa karane kI nyUnatama yogyatA hai| isase kama yogyatA vAle vyakti ko isa pada para niyukta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA aura na hI vaha upAdhyAya kahalAne yogya hotA hai| uparyukta yogyatAoM ke atirikta kucha aura bhI aise guNa haiM jo upAdhyAya meM hone Avazyaka haiN| (gha) upAdhyAya ke paccIsa guNa : / upAdhyAya eka sAdhu hone ke kAraNa sAdhu ke 27 guNoM kA pAlana to karatA hI hai, isake atirikta vaha anya 25 guNoM se bhI sampanna hotA hai| AgamoM meM upAdhyAya ke ina guNoM kI gaNanA do prakAra se dRSTigocara hotI hai| upAdhyAya ke ina paccIsa guNoM kI prathama paddhati meM vaha mana, vacana aura kAya kI caMcalatA ko vaza meM karatA huAdvAdazAMga kAadhyetA aura jJAtA hotA hai| vaha karaNasaptati eMva caraNasaptati se yukta hotA hai tathA ATha prakAra se parma kI prabhAvanA bar3hAne vAlA hotA hai| (1) dvAdazAMga ke jJAtA upAdhyAya : upAdhyAya 12 aMga granthoM kA svayaM adhyayana karate haiM eMva dUsare sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko bhI par3hAte haiN| bAraha grantha nimna prakAra haiN|' tivAsapariyAe samaNe niggaMtheAyArakusale, saMjamakusale, pavayaNakusale, paNNattikusale, saMgahakusale, uvaggahakusale, akkhayAyAre, abhinnAyAre, asabalAyAre, asaMkiliTThAyAracitta, bahussae, babhAgame, jahaNNeNaM AyArakappadhare, kappai uvajjhAyattAe uddisitte| vyavahArasUtra, 3.3 bArasaMgaviU buddhA karaNa-caraNa juo| pabhavaNA-joganiggaho uvajjhAya guNaM vande / / de0-jaina tattvakalikA, pR0 202. pA0Ti01 3. dvAdazAMga kI vistRta jAnakArI ke lie de0-(mAlavaNiyA tathA mehatA), jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-1

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152 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI (1) AcArAMgasUtra (2) sUtrakRtAMgasUtra (3) sthAnAMgasUtra (4) samavAyAMgasUtra (5) vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra (6) jJAtAdharmakathAMgasUtra (7) upAsakadazAMgasUtra (8) antakRdazAMgasUtra (6) anuttaraupapAtikadazAMgasUtra (10) praznavyAkaraNasUtra (11) dRssttivaad| bArahaveM aMga grantha dRSTivAda ke lupta ho jAne ke kAraNa vartamAna meM upAdhyAya ke dvArA 11 aMgoM kA hI paThana-pAThana kiyA karAyA jAtA hai| (2) karaNasaptati ke dhAraka upAdhyAya : karaNa eka pAribhASika zabda hai / karaNa kA artha hai-jisa samaya para jo kriyA karaNIya ho, use karanA / jaiseki azanaAdicAra prakAra kI piNDavizuddhi, pA~ca prakAra kI samiti, bAraha prakAra kIbhAvanAeM, bAraha prakAra kI bhikSu-pratimA, pA~ca prakAra kA indriya-nirodha, paccIsa prakAra kI pratilekhanA, tIna guptiyA~ aura cAra prakAra kA abhigraha / isa taraha karaNasaptati sattara prakAra ke viSayoM kA varNana karatI hai|' upAdhyAya parameSThI bhI isase sampanna hote haiN| (ka) cAra prakAra kI piNDavizuddhi : nirdoSa AhAra,vastra, pAtraaurasthala kAsevana-yahIcaturvidhapiNDavizuddhi hai| sAdhuko AhAra, upakaraNa (vastraeMva pAtrAdi)aura zayyAAdi kI gaveSaNA karate samaya 46 doSoM se vizuddha honA cAhie, jisakA varNana pUrva meM eSaNA samiti meM kiyA jA cukA hai| 1. piNDavisohI samiI bhAvaNa paDimA ya iNdiyniroho| paDilehaNaM guttIo abhiggahA ceva karaNaM tu / / pravacanasAroddhAra, gA0563

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upAdhyAya parameSThI 153 (kha) bAraha prakAra kI bhAvanA : bAraha prakAra kI bhAvanAeM anuprekSAoM ke nAma se bhI prasiddha haiN| zarIra Adi ke svarUpa kA bAra-bAra zreSThatA ke sAtha vicAra karanA, bhAvanA karanA anuprekSA hai| ye bAraha anuprekSAeM nimna prakAra haiM-- (1) anityAnuprekSA : saMsAra meM jo kucha bhI utpanna huA hai, usakA vinAza niyama se hotA hai| zarIra aura gharabAra Adi vastueM eMva unake sambandha nitya aura sthira nahIM haiM, aisA cintana karanA anityAnuprekSA hai| (2) azaraNAnuprekSA : eka mAtra zuddhadharma hI jIvana zaraNabhUta hai| jaise nirjana vana meM siMha ke paMje meM pakar3e hue mRga kA koI sahAyaka nahIM hotA hai usI prakAra janma, jarA, maraNa evaM roga Adi duHkhoM se grasta jIvana kA bhI koI zaraNa nahIM hai, aisA cintana karanA azaraNAnuprekSA hai| 3. saMsArAnuprekSA : isa saMsAra meM bhramaNa karane vAlA jIva jisa jIva kA pitA hotA hai, vahI jIva kabhI usakA bhAI kabhI putra aura kabhI pautra bhI ho jAtA hai aura jo mAtA hotI hai, vahI kabhI bahina, bhAryA, putrI aura pautrI bhI ho jAtI hai| svAmIdAsa hotA hai aura dAsa kabhI svAmI ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra jIva naTa kI taraha nAnA veSoM janmoM ko dhAraNa karatA huA saMsAra meM duHkhoM ko bhogatA hai, isa prakAra cintana karanA saMsArAnuprekSA hai / / 4. ekatvAnuprekSA : saMsAra meM jIva ko sukha-duHkha meM sAtha dene vAlA koI nhiiN| yaha akelA hI samasta zArIrika evaM mAnasika duHkhoM ko sahana karatA hai evaM akelA hI maratA hai| kavivara daulata rAma ne bar3e sundara zabdoM meM kahA hai-- 1. kAyAdisvabhAvAnucintanamanuprekSA / / ta010 6.2. pR0 282 2. anityAzaraNasaMsAraikatvAnyatvAzucitvAnavasaMvaranirjarA-- lokbodhidurlbhdhrmsvaakhyaattvaanucintmnuprekssaaH| ta0sU06.7 3. jaM kiM ci uppaNNaM tassa viNAso havei nniymenn| pariNAma sarUveNa vi Na ya kiMci vi sAsayaM atthi|| kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gA04 4. sIhassa kame paDidaM sAraMgaM jaha Na rakkhade kovi| taha miccuNA ya gahidaM jIvaM piNa rakkhade kovi / / vahI, gA024 jIvaHkarmavazAda bhraman bhavavane bhUtvA pitA jaayte| putrazcApi nijena mAtRbhAginIbhAryAduhitrAdikaH / rAjApatirasau nRpaH punarihApyanyatra zailUSavat nAnAveSadharaH kulAdikalito duHkhyeva mokssaadRte|| ta010 6.7. pR0 286

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154 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI zubha azubha karama phala jete, bhogai jiya eka hi te te| suta dArA hoya na sIrI, saba svAratha ke haiM bhiirii||' arthAt jitane zubha-azubha karma ke phala haiM, una saba ko yaha jIva akelA hI bhogatA hai / putra, strI Adi sAtha dene vAle nahIM hote| ye saba apane svArtha ke sage hai| aisA cintana karanA hI ekatvAnuprekSA 5. anyatvAnuprekSA : yadyapi jIva aura zarIra dUdha-pAnI kI bhA~ti mile hue haiM, phira bhI ekarUpa nahIM haiN| isalie ina donoM ke guNadharmoM kI bhinnatA kA cintana karanA ki zarIra to jar3a, sthUla tathA Adi-anta yukta hai aura maiM (-jIva) to cetana, sUkSma tathA Adi-antarahita hU~ | isa prakAra cintana karanA anyatvAnuprekSA hai| 6. azucitvAnuprekSA : yaha zarIra atyanta apavitra hai| rudhira, mAMsa, majjA Adi azuci padArthoM kA ghara hai| isa zarIra kI azucitA jala meM nahAne se aura candana Adi ke lepa karane se bhI dUra nahIM kI jA sktii| samyagdarzana, jJAna, aura caritra hI jIva kI vizuddhi karate haiM, isa prakAra kA vicAra karanA hI azucitvAnuprekSA hai|' 7.AsavAnuprekSA :mana-vacana-kAya yoga kI jo caMcalatA hai usase Asrava hotA hai| Asrava bandha kA kAraNa hai, atyanta duHkhadAyaka hai, isa prakAra bhAvanApUrvaka Asrava ke svarUpa kA cintana karanA AsravAnuprekSA hai| 8. saMvarAnuprekSA : karmoM kA saMvara ho jAne se jIva ko duH,kha nahIM hotA hai| jaise nAva meM cheda ho jAne para usameM jala bharane lagatA hai aura nAva DUba jAtI hai| lekina cheda ko banda kara dene para nAva apane 1. chahaDhAlA, DhAla 5, zlo06 2. no'nityaM jar3arUpamaindrikamAdyantAzritaM varma yat so'haM tAni bahUni cAzrayamayaM khedo'sti saMgAdataH / nIrakSIravadaGgato'pi yadime'nyatvaM tato'nyadabhRzaM sAkSAtputrakalatramitragRharairatnAdikaM mtprm|| ta0106.7. pR0 260 3. aGgaM zoNitazukrasambhavamidaM viNmUtrapAtraM na ca snAnalepanaghUpanAdibhiradaH pUtaM bhvejjaatucit| karpUrAdipavitramatranihitaM taccApavitraM yathA / pIyUSaM viSamaGganAdharagaMta ratnatrayaM shuddhye|| vahI 4. jo yogana kI capalAI.tAteM havai Asrava bhaaii| Asrava dukhakAra ghanere, budhivanta tinheM niravere / chahaDhAlA, DhAla 5, zlo06

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upAdhyAya parameSThI 155 sthAna para pahu~ca jAtI hai| usI prakAra karmoM kA Agamana roka dene para kalyANa mArga meM koI bAdhA nahIM A sakatI hai| isa prakAra vicAra karanA saMvarAnuprekSA hai| 6. nirjarAnuprekSA : apanI-apanI sthiti pUrNa hone para jo karma khira (jhar3a) jAte haiM usase jIva kAdharmarUpI kArya nahIM hotA, kintu jo (nirjarA) AtmA ke zuddha tapa dvArA karmoM kA nAza karatI hai, vaha mokSa kA sukha dilAtI hai| aisA jAnatA huA samyagdRSTi jIvasvadravya ke Alambana dvArA jo zuddhi karatA hai, vaha nirjarAnuprekSA hai| 10. lokAnuprekSA : ananta lokAkAza ke ThIka madhya meM loka hai| isa loka ko kisI ne banAyA nahIM hai, ise koI dhAraNa kie hue nahIM hai, isakA koI nAza nahIM kara sakatAaura yaha loka SaDdravyarUpa hai| isa prakAra tattvajJAna kI vizuddhi ke nimitta loka ke vAstavika svarUpa kA cintana karanA lokAnuprekSA hai| 11. bodhidurlabhatvAnuprekSA : saMsAra bhramaNa kA ekamAtra kAraNa hai--apane svarUpa ko na jAnanA / AtmajJAna hI samyagbodhi hai| jIva ekendriya Adi sabhI yoniyoM meM janma letA rahatA hai, U~ce se U~ce (graiveyaka) pada prApta karatA rahatA hai parantu mohanIya Adi karmoM ke tIvra AghAMtoM ke kAraNa bodhi ko prApta karanA atyanta durlabha hai| isa prakAra cintana karanA hI bodhidurlabhatvAnuprekSA hai| 12. dharmasvAkhyAtatvAnuprekSA:dharmamArga se cyuta na hone aura usake anuSThAna meM sthiratA lAne ke lie aisA cintana karanA ki 'yaha 1. vArAzau jalayAnapAtravivarapracchAdane tadgato yavat pAramiyati vighnavigataH satsaMvaraH syaattthaa| saMsArAntagatazcaritranicayAddharmAdanuprekSaNAda vairAgyeNa pariSahakSamatayA saMpadyate'sau ciraat||t0vR06.7. pR0260 2. nijakAla pAya vidhi jharanA, tAsoM nija kAja na srnaa| tapa kari jo karma khipAvai, soI zivasukha drsaavai|| chahaDhAlA, DhAlaM 5, zlo0 11 3. kina hU na karau na gharai ko, SaDdravyamayI na hare ko| so lokamAMhi bina samatA, dukha sahai jIva nija bhrmtaa|| vahI, zlo012 4. aMtima-grIvakaloM kI. hada pAyo anaMtaviriyAM pd| para samyagjJAna na lAdhau, durlabha nija meM muni saadhau|| chahaDhAlA, DhAla 5, zlo0 13

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156 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI kitanA bar3A saubhAgya hai ki jisase samasta prANiyoM kA kalyANa hotA hai, aise sarvaguNasampannadharma kA satpuruSoM ne upadeza diyA hai|' yaha dharmasvAkhyAtatvAnuprekSA hai|' ina bAraha prakAra kI bhAvanAoM ke satata anucintana se mana ekAgra hotA hai aura indriyA~ vaza meM hotI haiN|mn ke ekAgra honese sva-saMvedana ke dvArA AtmA kI anubhUti hotI hai / isI AtmAnubhUti ke dvArA jIvanamukta dazA aura anta meM parama pada mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| (ga) barAha bhikSu pratimAeM : - dazAzrutaskandha meM bhikSu-pratimAoM kA vistRta vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| ise dekhane se patA lagatA hai ki inake nAma samaya kI sImA ke AdhAra para rakhe gae haiM tathA ina pratimAoM meM eka nizcita krama ke anusAra anazana aura UnodarI tapa kA abhyAsa kiyA jAtA hai| bhikSu pratimA kA artha batalAte hue kahA gayA hai ki 'pratijJA arthAt abhigraha vizeSa ko pratimA kahate haiM | jo tapa aura saMyama meM vyavasthita hokara kRta, kArita aura anumodita rUpa se zuddha bhikSA dvArA apanA jIvana-nirvAha karatA hai vaha hI bhikSu hai, vahI usakI bhikSu pratimA hai| ye bhikSu pratimAe~ bhI bAraha hotI haiM..-- 1.mAsikI prathama bhikSupratimA:mAsikIarthAt eka mAsa-paryanta rahane vAlI / isI se ise mAsikI bhikSu pratimA kahate haiN| isa vrata meM pratimAdhArI bhikSu eka mAsa taka pratidina eka datti anna kI aura eka datti pAnI kI lene kA niyama karatA hai| yahA~ datti se abhiprAya hai---jaba taka dAtA dvArA darvI (kar3achI) athavA kaTorA Adi se die jAte hue padArtha kI dhArA na TUTe ,akhaNDa banI rahe taba taka vaha datti kahI jAtI hai| 2-7 dvitIya se saptama pratimA taka : dUsarI pratimA meM do yatti AhAra kI aura do datti pAnI kI grahaNa kI jAtI haiN| isI prakAra anna aura pAnI kIeka-ekadatti kI vRddhi tIsarIpratimAse sAtavIM pratimA taka yaha prakriyA calatI rahatI hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki jitane 1. de0-(saMghavI). ta0sU0. pR0 213 2. tapaHsaMyamavyavasthitaHkRtakAritAnumoditaparihAreNa zuddhamazanAdikaM bhikSuka ityevaMzIlo bhikSustasya pratimAH= pratijJAHabhigrahavizeSA iti yAvat prajJaptAH / / dazA0 8.1 para TIkA 3. vahI, 7.2 4. mAsiyaM NaM bhikkhupaDimaM paDivannassa aNagArassa kappai egA dattI bhoyaNassa paDigAhattie, egA pANassa / vahI, 7.4

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upAdhyAya parameSThI 157 mAsa kI pratimA hotI hai utanI hI anna aura pAnI kI dattiyA~ pratimAdhArI bhikSu grahaNa karatA hai| inameM pratyeka pratimA kA samaya eka mAsa hotA hai| 8.AThavIM pratimA: yaha pratimA sAta ahorAtri kI hotI hai| isameM ekAntara cauvihAra upavAsa karanA tathA gA~va ke bAhara uttAnAsana (AkAza kI aura muMha karake leTanA), pAzrvAsana (eka karavaTa se leTanA) yA niSadyAsana (jamIna para baiThaka lagAkara baiThanA) se dhyAna lagAnA evaM upasarga Adi Ane para zAntacitta se sahanA ityAdi kriyAeM kI jAtI haiN|2 / 6. navI pratimAH yaha bhI sAta ahorAtri kI hI hotI hai| vizeSatA kevala itanI hai ki isameM dUsarI prakAra ke tIna Asana kie jAte haiM / ve haiM-- (1) daNDAsana- isa Asana meM sAdhaka bhikSu daNDa ke samAna lambA hokara sotA hai, (2) laguDAsana--isameM bhikSu vakrakASTha kI taraha kubar3A hokara mastaka aura paira kI er3I dvArA pRthvI kA sparza karatA hai kintu yahA~ usakI pITha kA bhAga pRthvI ko sparza nahIM karatA aura (3) utkuTAsana-- isameM bhikSu sAdhaka bhUmi para puta na lagAkara pairoM para baiThatA hai| 10. dasavIM pratimA : yaha pratimA bhI sAta ahorAtri kI hI hotI hai| isameM alaga prakAra ke tIna Asana kie jAte haiN| ve haiM-- (ka) godohikAsanaH jisa prakAra gAya ko dohane ke lie baiThate haiM usI prakAra pA~voM ke taloM ko uThAkara baitthnaa| (kha) vIrAsana : yadi koI vyakti siMhAsana para baiThA ho aura koI dUsarA vyakti Akara usake nIce se siMhAsana haTA deM aura baiThane vAlA usI prakAra se avicalarUpase baiThA rahe, usI prakAra se baiThanA vIrAsana hai| (ga) AmrakubjAsana: jisa prakAra Ama kA phala vakAkAra hotA hai usa prakAra se baiThanA AmrakubjAsana kahalAtA hai| inameM se kisI bhI Asana meM dhyAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai / bAkI upavAsa Adi kI 1. de0- vahI, 7.23 2 de0-dazA0 7.24 3. vahI, 7.25

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158 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI kriyAeM usI prakAra se calatI haiN|' 11. gyArahavIM pratimA : yaha bhikSu pratimA eka ahorAtri arthAta ATha prahara kI hotI hai| yahA~itanA vizeSa hai ki--yahacauvihAra SaSThabhakta se kI jAtI hai| caturvidha AhAra kA tyAga kara nagara se bAhara donoM hAthoM ko ghuTanoM kI ora lambA karake daNDAyamAna rUpa meM khar3e hokara kAyotsarga kiyA jAtA hai| 12. bArahavIM pratimA : ekarAtri kI bArahavIM pratimA meM kevala eka rAta kI ArAdhanA hotI hai| isameM cauvihAra aSTabhakta ke sAtha grAma yA nagara se bAhara nirjana sthAna meM khar3e hokara, mastaka ko thor3A sA jhukAkara, kisI eka pudgala para nirnimeSa dRSTi rakhakara nizcalatApUrvaka kAyotsargakiyA jAtA hai| deva,manuSya aura tiryaJca sambandhI jitane bhI upasarga utpanna hoM una sabako sahana karatA hai| tabhI yaha pratimA pUrNa hotI hai| (gha) paccIsa prakAra kI pratilekhanA : sAdhu ke lie do kriyAe~ karanA atyanta Avazyaka hai--pratilekhanA evaM prrmaajnaa| AMkhoM se dekhanA' pratilekhanA hai jabaki 'pramArjikA Adi se sApha karanA pramArjanA hai| bhikSudvArA ye donoM kriyAe~ prAtaH evaM sAyaM pratidina kI jAtI haiN| isake atirikta pAtra ityAdi upakaraNoM ko uThAte evaM rakhate samaya bhI ina kriyAoM ko karanA hotA haiN| ina kriyAoM ke karane se SaTkAya ke jIvoM kI rakSA hotI hai aura na karane se unajIvoM kI hiMsA sambhava hai| ataH ahiMsAvrata kA pAlana karane vAle bhikSu ke lie inheM karanA Avazyaka hai| yaha pratilekhanA paccIsa prakAra kI hotI hai-- (a) vidhiparaka pratilekhanA ke chaha bheda : (1) uDda (Urdhvam) ukaDU Asana se baiThakara vastra ko bhUmi se 1. de0-dazA07.25 2. vahI, 7.26 3. vahI,7.27 4. cakkhusA paDilehittA pamajjejja jayaM jii| Aie nikkhivejjA vA duhao vi samie syaa|| u024.14 5. de0-vahI, 36.30-31 6. uDDhaM thiraM aturiyaM put tA vatthameva pddilehe| to viiyaM papphoDe taiyaM ca puNo pamajjejjA / / vahI, 26. 24

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159 upAdhyAya parameSThI U~cA rakhate hue pratilekhana karanA uDDha pratilekhanA hai| (2)thiraM (sthiram) vastrako dRr3hatAse sthira rakhate hue pratilekhana karanA thira pratilekhanA hai| (3)aturiyaM (atvaritam) upayogayukta hokara jaldIna karanA aturiya pratilekhanA hai| (4) paDileha (pratilekha) : vastra ke tIna bhAga karake use donoM ora se acchI taraha dekhanA pratilekha pratilekhanA hai| (5) pappaphoDa (prasphoTa) : dekhane ke bAda yatanApUrvaka dhIredhIre jhar3akAnA papphoDa pratilekhanA hai| (6) pamajjejjA (pramArjana) : jhar3akAne ke bAda vastra Adi para cipake hue jIvako yatanApUrvaka pramArjana kara hAtha meM lenA aura phira use ekAnta meM chor3anA pamajjejjA pratilekhanA hai| (A) apramAda pratilekhanA ke chaha bheda' : (1)anartitaHpratilekhanAkaratesamayazarIra aura vastrako nacAnA nahIM caahie| (2) avalita:pratilekhanA karate samaya vastra kahIM se mur3A huA nahIM honA cAhie tathA sAdhu ko bhI pratilekhanA karate samaya sIdhe baiThanA caahie| (3) ananubandhI :pratilekhanA karate samaya vastra ko jhaTakAnA nahIM caahie| (4) amosalI: pratilekhanA karate samaya,dhAnya Adi kUTane ke samaya Upara, nIce yA tirache lagane vAle mUsala kI taraha vastra ko Upara, nIce yA tirache dIvAra Adi se nahIM lagAnA caahie| (5) SaTpurimanavasphoTakA : pratilekhanA meM cha: purima aura nava khor3a karane caahie| vastra ke donoM hissoM ko tIna-tIna bAra TaTolanA cha: purima haiM tathA vastra ko tIna-tIna bAra poMcha kara usakA tIna bAra zodhana karanA nava khor3a hai| (6) pANiprANavizodhana : vastra Adi para calatA huA koI jIva dikhAI de to yatanApUrvaka hAtha se usakA zodhana karanA caahie| 1. aNaccAviyaM avaliyaM aNANubandhiM amosaliM cev| chappurimA navakhoDA pANIpANavisohaNaM / / u0 26.25

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160 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI (i) pramAda pratilekhanA ke teraha bheda : inheM pratilekhanA ke doSa bhI kahA jAtA hai| ye isa prakAra haiM' (1)ArabhaTAHviparItarItisejaldI-jaldI pratilekhanA karanA athavA eka vastra kI pratilekhanAadhUrI chor3akara dUsare vastra kI karane laga jaanaa| (2) sammardA : pratilekhanA karate samaya vastra ke kone mur3e raheM arthAt silavaTa na nikAlI jAe athavA usa para baiThe hue hI pratilekhanA krnaa| (3) mosalI : jaise dhAnya Adi kUTate samaya mUsala Upara nIce yA tirachA jAtA hai, usI prakAra pratilekhanA karate samaya vastra ko Upara, nIce yA tirachA lgaanaa| (4) prasphoTanA : jisa prakAra dhUla se bhare hue vastra ko jora se jhaTakAyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra pratilekhanA ke vastra ko jora se jhttkaanaa| (5) vikSiptA : pratilekhanA kie hue vastroM ko pratilekhanA na kie hue vastroM meM milA denA athavA vastroM ko idhara-udhara phaiMka kara pratilekhanA krnaa| (6) vedikA : pratilekhanA karate hue ghuTanoM ke Upara-nIce yA bIca meM donoM hAtha rakhanA, athavA donoM bhujAoM ke bIca ghuTanoM ko rakhanA, yA eka ghuTanA bhujAoM meM aura dUsarA bAhara rkhnaa| (7) prazithila : vastra ko DhIlA pkdd'naa| (E)pralambaHvastrako isa taraha pakar3anA ki usake kone laTakate rheN| (6) lolaH pratilekhanA kie jAne vAle vastra ko bhUmi se yA hAtha se rgdd'naa| (10) ekAmarzA : vastra ko bIca se pakar3a kara eka dRSTi meM hI samUce vastra ko dekha jaanaa| ArabhaDA sampadA vajjeyavvA ya mosalI tiyaa| papphoDaNA cautthI vikkhittA veiyA chttttaa|| pasiDhila-palamba-lolA egAmosAaNegarUvadhuNA / kuNai pamANi pamAyaM saMkie gaNaNovagaM kujjA / / u0 26.26-27

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upAdhyAya parameSThI ___161 (11) anekarUpadhUnA : vastra ko aneka bAra-tIna bAra se adhika jhaTakAnAathavAaneka vastroM ko ekasAtha eka bAra meM hiijhttkaanaa| (12) pramANapramAda :prasphoTana aura pramArjana kA jo pramANa (nau-nau bAra) batAyA hai, usameM pramAda krnaa| (13) gaNanopagaNanA : prasphoTana aura pramArjana ke pramANa meM zaMkA hone para hAtha kI aMguliyoM kI parvarekhAoM se ginatI karanA aura usase upayoga kA cUka jAnA arthAt dhyAna kahIM dUsarI tarapha cale jAnA gnnnopgnnnaa| isa prakAra chaha prakAra kI vidhiparaka pratilekhanA, chaha prakAra kI apramAda pratilekhanA aura teraha prakAra kI pramAda pratilekhanA yaha paccIsa prakAra kI pratilekhanA hotI hai| (Ga) cAra prakAra kA abhigraha: __ abhigraha se abhiprAya hai-pratijJA vizeSa / dravya,kSetra, kAla aura bhAvakI apekSA se abhigraha ke bhI cAra prakAra hote haiN|' bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanIghora tapasyA ke samaya isa prakAra kA abhigraha grahaNa kiyA thA-dravya se ur3ada ke phukale sUpa ke kone meM hoM, kSetra se dehalI ke bIca khar3I ho, kAla se bhikSA kA samaya bIta cukA ho, bhAva se rAjakumArI dAsI banI ho, hAtha meM hathakar3I aura pAMvoM meM ber3I ho, muMDita ho, AMkhoM meM AMsU aura jo tele kI tapasyA kie hue ho, isa prakAra kI strI ke hAtha se AhAra milegA to lUMgA, anyathA nhiiN| isa prakAra kA abhigraha pUrA na hone taka bhagavAn mahAvIra apanI tapasyA meM aTala raheM / pA~ca mAsa aura paccIsa dina ke pazcAt isa prakAra ke lakSaNoM vAlI campAnerazadadhivAhana kI putrI rAjakumArIcandana bAlA se mahAvIra svAmI ne bhikSA grahaNa kI thii| 1. dave khitte kAle bhAve ya abhiggahA vinniditttthaa| pravacanasAroddhAra, gA0566 2. svAminA tatra pauSabahulapratipadi abhigraho jagRhe-yathA dravyataH kulmASAn sUrpakoNena, kSetrato dehalyA ekaM pAdamArata ekaM parataH kRtvA, kAlato nirvRtteSu bhikSAcareSu rAjasutA dasatvamAptA nigaDitA rudatI muNDitamastakA, aSTamabhaktikA, cedAsyati tadA grhissyaamiiti| A0ni0, avacUrNi gA0 520-21 3. itazca campeza dadhivAhanadhAriNIsutA vasumatI candanabAleti---- paJcadinonayA SaNNamAsyA svAminA bhikSA labdhA / / vahI, gA0520-21

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162 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI pA~ca samiti, tIna gupti aura pA~ca prakAra kA indriya-nirodha inakA varNana AcArya ke guNoM ke prasaMga meM ho cukA hai| isa prakAra sattara prakAra kA karaNa pUrA huaa| (3) caraNasaptati ke dhAraka upAdhyAya : upAdhyAya kA eka guNa caraNasaptati se yukta honA bhI hai| caraNa kAartha hai-cAritra / caraNa aura karaNa meM antara yahI hai ki 'jisakA nitya AcaraNa kiyA jAe' use caraNa kahate haiM aura jo prayojana hone para hI kiyA jAe' use karaNa kahate haiN| karaNa ke samAna caraNa bhI sattara prakAra kA hai--pA~ca mahAvrata, dazavidha zramaNadharma, sataraha prakAra kA saMyama, dasa prakAra kA vaiyAvRttya, nau brahmacarya kI gupti, jJAna-darzana-cAritrarUparatnatraya,bAraha prakAra kA tapaaura cAra kaSAyeM kA nigraha, ye sattara prakAra ke caraNa hote haiN|' (ka) dazavidha zramaNa-dharma : jo AtmA ko saMsAra ke duHkhoM se chur3Akara uttama sthAna (mokSapada) meM pahuMcA de vaha dharma hai| kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, zauca, satya, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, AkiMcaJya aura brahmacarya ye daza uttamadharma haiN| kSamA Adi dasa prakAra kA yaha dharma jaba ahiMsAAdi mUlaguNoM tathA AhAra-zuddhi Adi uttaraguNoM ke prakarSa se yukta hotA hai tabhI zramaNa-dharma banatA hai, anyathA nahIM | ataH mUlaguNoM tathA uttaraguNoM kI prakRSTatA atyanta Avazyaka hai| ye daza dharma isa prakAra haiM (1)kSamAH AhAra ko lene ke lie dUsaroM ke ghara jAne vAle muni koduSTajanoM ke dvArA gAlIAdi die jAne para yA kAya-vinAza Adi ke upasthita hone para bhI mana meM kisI prakAra kA krodha na karanA kSamA dharma hai| (2) mArdavaHjJAna, pUjAAdiAThapadArthoM ke ghamaNDa ko chor3akara dUsaroM ke dvArA tiraskAra hone para bhI abhimAna na karanA mArdava dharma hai| - - 1. vaya samaNadhamma saMjama veyAvaccaM ca bmbhguttiio| nANAitiyaM tava kohaNiggahA iha caraNameyaM / / pravacanasAroddhAra, gA0 552 2. saMsArasAgarAdudadhRtaya indranarendradharaNendrAdivandite pade AtmAnaM dharatIti dharmaH / ta010 6.2. pR0 282 3. uttamaH kSamAmArdavArjavazaucasatyasaMyamatapastyAgAkiJcanyabrahmacaryANi dhrmH|-t0 sU0 6.6 4. kAyasthitikAraNaviSvANA dhanveSaNAya paragRhAn paryaTato muneH duSTapApiSThapaJcajanAnAmasa hayagAlipradAnavarkaravacanAvahelanapIDAjananakAyAvinAzanAdInAM samutpatau mano'nacchatAnutpAdaH kSamA kthyte| ta010 6.6, pR.284 5. de0-vahI

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upAdhyAya parameSThI 163 (3) Arjava : mana, vacana aura kAya se mAyA arthAt chala-kapaTa kA tyAga kara denA Arjava dharma hai|' (4) zauca : dharma ke sAdhanoM tathA zarIra taka meM bhI Asakti na rakhanA-aisI nirlobhatA hI zauca hai| (5) satya : hitakArI va yathArtha vacana bolanA hI satya hai| jaina zAstroM meM kahe hue AcAra ko pAlane meM asamartha hote hue bhI jinavacana kA hI kathana karanA tathA vyavahAra meM bhIjhUTha na bolanA yathArtha satya dharma hai| (6) saMyama : chaha kAya ke jIvoM kI hiMsA kA tyAga karanA aura indriyoM ke viSayoM ko chor3a denA saMyama kahalAtA hai| (7) tapa : upArjita karmoM ke kSaya ke lie Atmadamana rUpa bAraha prakAra ke tapoM kA karanA tapa nAmaka dharma hai| (8) tyAga : pAtra ko jJAnAdi sadguNa pradAna karanA hI tyAga kahalAtA hai| (6) AkiJcanyaH para padArthoM meM yahA~ taka ki apane zarIra meM bhI 'mamedaM' yA moha kA tyAga kara denA AkiJcanya dharma hai|" (10) brahmacarya :mana, vacana aura kAya se strI sevana kA tyAga kara denA brahmacarya hai / svecchAcArapUrvaka pravRti ko rokane ke lie gurukula meM nivAsa karane ko bhI brahmacarya kahate haiN|' (kha) sataraha prakAra kA saMyama : samiti evaM gupti kA pAlana karane vAlA munijo prANiyoM aura indriyoM 1. mnovcnkaaykrmnnaamkauttilymaarjvmbhidhiiyte| ta010 6.6, pR0284 2. utkRSTatAsamAgatagAddharyapariharaNaM zaucamuccayate / vahI. pR285 3. jivayaNameva mAsadi taM pAledaM asakkamANo vi| vavahAreNa vi aliyaM Na vadadi jo saccavAI so|| kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gA0368 dharmopacayArtha dharmobRhaNArtha samitiSu pravartamAnasya puruSasya tatpratipAlanArtha prANavyaparopaNaSaDindriyaviSayapariharaNaM saMyama uccte| ta0106.6, pR0285 5. upArjikarmakSayArtha tapasvinA tapyate iti tpH| vahI 6. saMyaminAM yogyaM jJAnasaMyamazaucopakaraNAdidAnaM tyAga uccte| ta010 6.6, pR0 285 7. nAsti asya kincana kimapi akincano niSparigraha tasya bhAvaHkarma vA A-AkiJcanyam / vahI pUrvAnubhuktavanitAsmaraNaM vanitAkathAsmaraNaM vanitAsaD.gAsaktasya zayayAsanAdikaJca abrahma tavarjanAt brahmacarya paripUrNa bhavati / svecchAcArapravRttinivRtyartha gurUkulavAsau vA brhmcrymucyte| vahI c

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164 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI kA parihAra karatA haiM use saMyama kahate haiN| yaha sataraha prakAra kA batalAyA gayA (1-5)hiMsA, jhUTha, corI,abrahmacarya aura parigraharUpA~ca AsravoM se virata rhnaa| (6-10) sparzana, rasana, ghANa, cakSu aura zrotra ina pA~ca indriyoM ko unake viSayoM kI ora jAne se rokanA arthAt unheM vaza meM krnaa| (11-14) krodha, mAna,mAyAauralobha rUpacAra kaSAyoM kA tyAga krnaa| (15-17) mana, vacana aura kAya kI azubha pravRttirUpatIna daNDoM (yogoM) se virata honaa| (ga) daza prakAra kA vaiyAvRtya : isakA varNana vaiyAvRtya tapa ke antargata kiyA jaaegaa| (gha) ratnatraya ke dhAraka: upAdhyAya samyagdarzana, samyaga jJAna aura samyakacAritra rUpa ratnatraya ke dhAraka hote haiN| (a) samyagdarzana : __ samyagdarzana kAartha hai-satya kAdekhanAyAsatya kA sAkSAtkAra karanA, parantu satya kA pUrNa sAkSAtkAra cakSu indriya ke dvArA sambhava na hone se satyabhUta jo nau padArtha jIva, ajIva, bandha, puNya, pApa, Asava, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa batalAe gae haiM, unake sadbhAva meM vizvAsa karanA samyagdarzana hai| ina nau padArthoM kA zraddhAna ho jAne para cetana-acetana kA bhedajJAna ho jAtA hai, saMsArika viSayoM se virakti aura mokSa ke prati lagAva ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra ke bhAvoM ke utpanna honepara manuSyadhIre-dhIre satya kA pUrNa sAkSAtkAra kara letA hai| 1. paMcAsavA viramaNaM paMciMdiyaniggaho ksaayjo| daMDattayasya viraI satarasahA saMjamo hoii|| pravacanasAroddhAra, gA0556 2. jIvAjIvA ya bandho ya puNNaM pAvAsavo thaa| saMvaro nijjarA mokkho sante e tahiyA nv|| u0 28.24 3. tahiyANaM tu bhAvANaM samAve uvssnnN| bhAveNaM sahastassa sammattaM taM viyAhiyaM / / vahI, 28.15

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upAdhyAya parameSThI 165 (ka) samyagdarzana ke ATha aMga : samyagdarzana ATha vizeSa bAtoM para nirbhara karatA hai| ye samyagdarzana ke aMga kahalAte haiM (1)niHzaMkitaHjinendra deva ke vacanoM meM kisI prakAra kIzaMkA na karate hue dRr3ha pratIti rkhnaa| (2) niHkAMkSitaH isa loka aura paraloka sambandhI AkAMkSA kA abhAva honaa| (3) nirvicikitsA :ratnatraya se pavitra munijanoM ke zarIrasambandhI mala Adi ke dekhane se glAni nahIM krnaa| (4) amUDhadRSTi :jinendra bhagavAna ke vacanoM meM zithilatA nahIM karanA, mithyA-dRSTiyoM ke kalpita tattvoM meM moha na krnaa| (5) upabRMhaNaHguNIpurUSoM kI prazaMsA karanA upabRMhaNa kahalAtA hai| isake sthAna para upagUhana zabda bhI AtA hai jisakA artha hai bAlaka, vRddha Adi asamartha janoM ke doSa chipaanaa| (6)sthirIkaraNa:dharma-ghAtakA kAraNa upasthita hone para kisI ko dharma-ghAta se bacAnA sthirIkaraNa hai| (7) vAtsalya :dharmAtmA vyakti kA upasarga dUra karanA vAtsalya guNa kahalAtA hai| (E) prabhAvanA : jina dharma kA udyota karanA, usakA pracAra evaM prasAra karanA hI prabhAvanA kahalAtI hai| samyaktvakI prApti ke lie inaAThaaMgoM se yukta honAatyantaAvazyaka (kha) samyagdarzana ke bheda : karma-siddhAnta ke anusAra darzana mohanIya karma ke udaya meM na hone se hI samyagdarzana kI utpatti hotI hai| utpatti meM nimitta kAraNa kI apekSA se samyagdarzana ke nimnalikhita daza prakAra batalAe gae haiM: 1. nissaMkiya nikkaMkhiya nivitigicchA amUDhadiTThIyA uvabUha thirIkaraNe vacchalla pabhAvaNe atttth|| u028.31 2. de0 cArittapAhur3a, gA0 TI0,7 3. nisagguvaesarUI ANArUI sutta-vIsarUimeva / abhigama-vitthArUI kiriyaa-skhev-dhmmruuii| u028.16

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166 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI (1) nisargaruci :nisargaruci se abhiprAya hai-svataH utpnn| guru Adi ke upadeza ke binA svayaM ke hI yathArtha bodha se jIva AditathyoM meM zraddhA honA kiye vaise hI haiM jaise jinendra bhagavAn ne dekhe haiM,anyathA nahIM haiN|' (2) upadezaruci:gurU Adi keupadeza se jIva Adi tathyoM meM zraddhA honA upadezaruci hai|| isakI utpatti meM paropadeza nimittakAraNa hotA hai| (3) AjJAruci :guru Adi ke Adeza se tathyoM meM zraddhA honA AjJAruci hai| upadezaruci meM guru ke upadeza kI jabaki AjJAruci meM guru kI AjJA kI pradhAnatA rahatI haiN| (4) sUtraruciH sUtra seabhiprAya hai-aMgayAaMga bAhya jainAgama suutr-grnth| ataH sUtra granthoM ke adhyayana se jIva Adi tathyoM meM zraddhA honA sUtraruci hai| (5) bIjaruci jaise jala meM tela kI bUMda phaila jAtI hai, vaise hI jo samyaktva eka.pada (tattva bodha) se aneka padoM meM phaila jAtA hai, vaha bIjaruci hai| (6) abhigamaruci :aMga aura aMgabAhya sUtra-granthoM ke arthajJAna se utpanna hone vAlA samyagdarzana abhigamaruci kahalAtA hai| sUtraruci aura abhigamaruci samyagdarzana meM vizeSa antara yahI hai 1. bhUyatyeNAhigayA jIvAjIvA ya puNNapAvaM c| sahasammuiyAsavasaMvaro ya roei u nisggo|| jo jiNadiveM bhAve caubihe saddahAi sayameva / __emeva nannahatti ya nisaggalai ti nAyavyo / / vahI, 28.17-18 2. ee ceva u bhAve uvaiveM jo pareNa sddhii| chaumatyeNa jiNeNa va uvassarUi tti naayvyo|| u028.16 3. rAgo doso moho annANaM jassa avagayaM hoi| ANAe royaMto so khalu ANArUI naam|| vahI, 28.20 4. jo suttamahijjanto sueNa ogAhaI u smmtt| aMgeNa bAhireNa va so suttarUi ti nAyavvo / / vahI. 28.21 5. egeNa aNegAiM payAiM jo pasaraI u smmttN| udaevva tellabindu so bIyarUitti naayvvo|| vahI, 28.22 6 so hoi adhigamarUI suyanANaM jeNa atthao dittheN| ekkArasa aMgAI paiNNagaM diThivAo y|| u0 28.23

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upAdhyAya parameSThI 167 ki sUtraruci meM arthajJAna apekSita nahIM hai jabaki abhigamaruci meM sUtra-granthoM kA arthajJAna bhI apekSita hotA hai| (7) vistAraruci :jJAna ke sabhI srotra-pramANoM aura nayoM ke dvArA jIva Adi dravyoM ke samajhane para jo samyagdarzana utpanna hotA hai, vaha vistAraruci kahalAtA hai| isa taraha vistAra ke sAthajIva AdidravyoM ke samajhane ke bAda utpanna hone ke kAraNa hI isakA nAma vistAraruci hai| (E) kriyAruci:ratnatrayasambandhI dhArmika kriyAoM (tapa, vinaya Adi) ko karate rahane se jo samyaktva utpanna hotA hai, vaha kriyAruci hai| (6) saMkSeparuci :aneka prakAra ke matavAdoM meM na par3akara mAtra jaina-pravacana meM zraddhA karanA saMkSeparuci hai| bIjaruci meM saMkSepa se vistAra kI ora pravRtti hotI haiM jabaki saMkSeparuci meM vistAra nahIM hotA kAraNa ki saMkSeparucisamyaktvavAlA nato bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke mithyA pravacanoM meM par3atA hai aura na hI jina-pravacana meM pUrNa kuzalatA prApta karatA hai| (10) dharmaruci : jina-upadiSTa dharma meM zraddhA karanA dharmaruci hai| isakI utpatti meM nimita kAraNa dhArmika vizvAsa hI hotA hai| kriyAruci auraparmaruci meM mukhya antara yahI hai ki kriyAruci meM dhArmika kriyAoM kI pradhAnatA hai jaba ki dharmaruci meM dhArmika-bhAvanA kii| (A) samyagjJAna : samyagjJAna kA artha hai-satya jJAna / jo muni jinendradeva ke mata se jIva aura ajIva ke vibhAga ko jAnatA hai use sarvadarzI bhagavAna ne yathArtha samyagjJAnI kahA hai| yadyapi tattva nau haiM phira bhI saMkSepa se unakA jIva aura 1. davvANa sababhAvA sabapamANehiM jassa uvlddhaa| savvAhi nayavihIhi ya vitthArarUi tti naayvyo|| vahI, 28.24 / 2. daMsaNa-nANa-carittetava-viNae sacca-samii-guttIsujo kiriyAmAvarUI so khalu kirayArUI naam|| vahI, 28.25 3 aNamiggahiya-kudiTThI saMkhevarUi tti hoi naayvvo| avisArao pavayaNe aNabhiggahio ya sesesu|| vahIM, 28.26 4. jo atithakAyadhammaM suyadhammaM khalu carittadhammaM c| saddahai jiNamihiyaM so dhammaruha ti naayvyo|| vahI 28.27 5. jIvAjIvahittI joI jANei jiNavaramaeNaM / taM saNNANaM bhaNiyaM aviyatthaM svvdrisiihiN||moksspaahdd, gA027

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168 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI ajIva ina do tattvoM meM hI samAveza ho jAtA hai| ataH ina tattvoM ko vidhivat jAnanA hI samyagjJAna hai| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki 'jo jJAna vastu ke svarUpa ko nyUnatArahita, adhikatArahita, viparItatArahita aura saMzayarahita, jaisA kA taisA jAnatA hai vaha samyagjJAna kahalAtA hai|' samyagjJAna ke bheda : jJAna ke Avaraka pA~ca prakAra ke karmoM ke udaya meM na rahane se unake abhAva rUpa pA~ca prakAra ke jJAna batalAe gae haiM-(1) matijJAna, (2) zrutajJAna, (3) avadhijJAna, (4) manaHparyayajJAna aura (5) kevljnyaan| (1) matijJAnaHjo jJAnacakSuAdi indriyoM aura mana kI sahAyatA se utpanna hotA hai vaha matijJAna hai| vartamAna viSayaka jJAna kA nAma mati hai| mati, smRti, saMjJA, cintA, abhinibodha-ye saba mati ke vAcaka haiM kyoMki ye sabhIjJAnAvaraNIya karma kekSayopazama sehote haiM / isa prakAra ke jJAnoM ke lie abhinibodhazabda sAmAnya rUpasevyavahRta hotA hai| isa taraha matijJAna ko AbhinibodhikajJAna bhI kahA jAtA hai| (2) zrutajJAna : zrutajJAna kA sAmAnya artha hai-zabdajanya jJAna ! zrutajJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama hone para matijJAna ke dvArA jAne hue padArthoM ko vizeSa rUpa se jAnanA zrutajJAna hai| jina-upadiSTa prAmANika zAstroM se hI samyak zrutajJAna prApta hotA hai| (3) avadhijJAna : avadhi se abhiprAya hai-siimaa| ataH indriya Adi kI sahAyatA ke binA kucha sImAparyaMta jo rUpI padArthoM ke viSaya meM antaHsAkSya rUpa jJAna hotA hai vaha avadhijJAna hai|" 1. anyUnamanatiriktaM yAthAtathyaM vinA ca vipriitaat| 2. matizrutA'vadhimanaHparyAyakevalAni jnyaanm|| ta0sU01.6 3. tdindriyaa'nindriynimittm|| vahI, 1.14 4. matiH smRtiH saMjJA cintA'bhinibodha ityanarthAnataram / / vahI, 1.13 5. zrutajJAnAvaraNakarmakSayopazamo sati nirUpyamANaM zrUyate yattat shrutm|| ta0vR0 1.6, pR057 6. avadhiviSayaka vistRta adhyayana ke lie de0-go0 jI0, gA0 370-437 7 avahIyadi tti ohI, sImANANe tti vaNNiyaM smye| bhavaguNapaccayavihiyaM, jamohiNANe tti NaM beti|| goMjI0, gA0 370 ruupissvvdheH|| ta0sU0 1.28

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upAdhyAya parameSThI 169 (4) manaHparyayajJAna : jisakA bhUtakAla meM cintavana kiyA ho, athavA jisakAbhaviSyat kAla meM cintavana kiyA jAegA,athavA ardhacintita-vartamAna meM jisakA cintavana kiyA jA rahA hai, ityAdi aneka bhedasvarUpa dUsare ke mana meM sthita padArtha jisake dvArA jAnA jAe usa jJAna ko manaHparyaya kahate haiN| (5) kevalajJAnaHjojJAna trikAlavartI samastadravyoM aura unakI samasta paryAyoM kA eka sAtha jJAna karAtA hai, vaha kevalajJAna hai| kevalajJAna kA vistRta vivecana arahanta ke svarUpa meM kiyA jA cukA hai| (i) samyakacAritra: samyakcAritra ko sadAcAra kA nAma bhI diyA jAtA hai| nizcaya se svakIya zuddha rUpa meM nizcala hone ko samyakcAritra kahate hai / samyagjJAnI jIva kA hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura parigraha-ina pAMca pApa praNAliyoM se nivRtta honA hI samyakacAritra hai|' samyakacAritra ke bheda : cAritra ke vikAsa-krama ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue ise pA~ca bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai-(1) sAmAyika, (2) chedopasthApanA, (3) parihAra-vizuddhi, (4) sUkSmasAmparAya aura (5) ythaakhyaatcaaritr| (1) samAyikacAritra :samabhAva meM sthita rahane ke lie samasta azuddha pravRttiyoM kA tyAga karanA sAmAyikacAritra hai| isake do bheda haiM-parimitakAla sAmayika aura aparimitakAla sAmAyika / svAdhyAya Adi karane meM parimitakAla sAmAyika hotA hai aura IryApatha Adi meM aparimitakAla sAmAyika hotA 1. ciMtiyamaciMtiyaM vA, addhaM ciNtiynneybheygyN| maNapajjavaM ti uccai. jaM jANai taM khunnrloe|| go0jI0, gA0438 2. sarvadravyaparyAyeSu kevlsy| ta0sU0, 1.30 3. hiMsAnRtacaurayyebhyomaithunasevAparigrahAbhyAM c| __pApapraNAlikAbhyo viratiH saMjJasya cAritram / / ratnaka0 3.3 / 4 sAmAyikakSchedopasthApyaparihAravizuddhisUkSmasAmparAyayathAkhyatAni cAritram / ta0sU06.18 tatra samAyikaM dviprkaarm.primitkaalmprimitaaklnyceti| svAdhyAyAdau sAmAyikagrahaNaM parimitakAlam / IryApathAdAvaparimitakAlaM veditavyam / ta010 6.18, pR0 300

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170 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI (2) chedopasthApanAcAritra pramAdavaza ahiMsA Adi vratoM meM doSa laga jAne para Agamokta vidhi se usa doSa kA prAyazcita karake punaH vratoM kA grahaNa karanA chedosthApanA cAritra hai| vratoM meM doSa laga jAne para pakSa, mAsa Adi kI dIkSA kA cheda karake punaH vratoM meM sthApanA karanA chedopasthApanAcAritra hai|' (3) parihAravizuddhicAritra : parihAra se abhiprAya hai-- prANivadha-nivRtti / jisa cAritra meM jIvoM kI hiMsA kA tyAga hone se vizeSa zuddhi (karmamala kA nAza) housako parihAravizuddhicAritra kahate haiN| jisa muni kI Ayu battIsa varSa kI ho, jo bahuta kAla taka tIrthaMkara ke caraNoM meM raha cukA ho, pratyAkhyAna nAmaka navama pUrva meM kahe gae samyak AcAra kA jAnane vAlA ho, pramAdarahita ho aura sandhyAkAloM ko chor3akara kevala do gavyUti (cAra mIla) gamana karane vAlA ho usa muni ke parihAravizuddhicAritra hotA hai| (4) sUkSmasAmparAya cAritraHjisa cAritra meM krodha Adi kaSAyoM kAtoudaya nahIM hotA, kevala lobha kaSAya kAaMzaatisUkSmarUpa meM rahatA hai, vaha sUkSmasAmparAyacAritra hai| (5) yathAkhyAtacAritra : sampUrNa mohanIya karma ke upazama yA kSaya hone para AtmA ke apane svarUpa meM sthirahone koyathAkhyAtacAritra kahate haiM / yathAkhyAta kA artha hai ki AtmA ke svarUpa ko jaisA kA taisA kahanA / yathAkhyAta kAdUsarAnAmaathAkhyAta bhI hai jisakA artha hai ki isa prakAra ke utkRSTa cAritra ko jIva ne pahale prApta nahIM kiyA thA aura moha ke upazama yA kSaya ho jAne para prApta kiyA hai| 1. pramAdena kRto yo'tyarthaH prabandho hi hiMsAdInAmavratAnAmanuSThAnaM tasya vilope sarvathA parityAge samyagAgamoktavidhinA pratikriyA punarvatAropaNaM chedopasthAnA, chedena divasapakSamAsAdipravrajyAhApanenopasthApanA vratAropaNaM chedopasthApanA / vhii| pariharaNaM parihAraH prANivadhanivRttirityarthaH / parihAreNa viziSTAzuddhiH karmamalakalaGkaprakSAlanaM ___ yasmin cAritre tatparihAravizuddhiHcAritramiti vA vigrahaH / ta010 6.18, pR0 300 3. de0-vahI 4. atIva sUkSmalobho yasmin cAritre tat sUkSmasAmparAyaM caaritrm| vhii| 5. sarvasya mohanIyasyopazamaH kSayo vA vartate yasmin tat paramaudAsInyalakSaNaM jIvasvabhAvadazaM yathAkhyAtacAritram / yathA svabhAvaH sthitastaivAkhyAtaH kathita Atmano yasmin cAritre tada yathA khyAtimiti nirukteH / yathAkhyAta- sya athAkhyAtamiti ca dvitIyA saMjJA vartate / tatrAyamarthaHcirantanacAritravidhAyibhiryadutkRSTaM cAritramAkhyAtaM kathitaM tAdRzaM cAritra pUrva jIvena na prAptam, atha anantaraM mohakSayopazamAbhyAM tu prAptaM yaccAritraM tat athaakhyaatmucyte| vahI OM ja

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upAdhyAya parameSThI 171 (Ga) bAraha prakAra ke tapa ke dhAraka : vAsanAoM ko kSINa karane tathA samucita AdhyAtmika zakti kI sAdhanA ke lie zarIra, indriya aura mana ko jina-jina upAyoM se tapAyA jAtA hai, ve sabhI tapa kahe jAte haiN| hamArI AtmA ke sAtha cipake hue karmoM kI saMkhyA bahuta adhika hai, unheM Ayu ke alpakAla meM hI bhoga kara samApta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ataH jisa prakAra eka vizAla tAlAba ke jala ko sukhAne ke lie jala ke dvAra ko banda karane ke atirikta usake jala ko ulIcane evaM sUrya Adi ke tApase sukhAne kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai, usI prakAra saMyamI ko bhI pUrvasaMcita karmoM ko naSTa karane ke lie ahiMsA Adi vratoM ke atirikta tapa kI bhI AvazyakatA par3atI hai| tapa ko prathamataH bAhya aura Abhyantara ina do bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai| jisameM zArIrika kriyA kI pradhAnatA ho vaha bAhya tapa hai tathA jisameM mAnasika kriyA kI pradhAnatA ho vaha Abhyantara tapa kahalAtA hai| phira donoM ke chaha-chaha bheda batalAe gae haiN| (a) bAhya tapa ke chaha bheda (1) anazana tapa : saba prakAra ke bhojana pAna kA tyAga karanA upavAsa athavA anazana tapa hai| yaha do prakAra kA hotA hai-(1) itvarika aura (2) mrnnkaal| itvarika tapa meM sAdhaka sAvakAMkSa arthAt nirdhArita samaya ke bAda punaH bhojana kI AkAMkSA vAlA hotA hai aura maraNakAla tapa niravakAMkSa arthAt bhojana kI AkAMkSA se sarvathA rahita hotA hai| isa prakAra yaha tapa itvirika kI taraha sAvadhika na hokara jIvanaparyanta calane vAlA hotA hai| 1. jahA mahAtalAyassa sanniruddha jlaagme| ussaciMNAe tavaNAe kameNaM sosaNA bhve|| evaM tu saMjayassAvi paavkmmniraasve| bhavakoDIsaMciyaM kammaM tavasA nijjrijjii|| u0.30.5-6 2. anazanAvamaudaryavRttiparisaMkhyAnarasaparityAgaviviktazayyAsanakAyaklezAH bAhyatapaH / ta0sU06.16 3. anazanamupavAsaH / bhAvapAhur3a, gA0 TI0,78, pR0 353 4. ittiriyA maraNakAle duvihA aNasaNA bhave ittiriyA sAvakaravA niravakaMkhA biijjiyaa|| u0 30.6 OM

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172 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI (2) avamaudarya tapa jitanI AhAra mAtrA hai, usase kama khAnA-avamaudarya tapa hai| ise UnodarI tapabhI kahA jAtA hai| dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva aura paryAyoM kI apekSA se yaha tapa pAMca prakAra kA hotA hai(ka) dravya UnodarI : jo jitanA bhojana kara sakatA hai, usameM se kama se kama eka grAsa kama kara denA dravya UnodarI hai| (kha) kSetra UnodarI : kSetra UnodarI do prakAra kI kahI gaI hai-(1)grAma,nagara, rAjadhAnI,gRha Adi ke kSetra kI sImA nizcita karake bhikSA lenA aura (2) eka vizeSa AkAra ke kSetra se hI bhikSA lenaa| dRSTAnta rUpa meM isake chaha bheda kie gae haiM(1) peTA-peTikA kI taraha AkAra vAle gharoM se bhikSA lenaa| (2) ardhapeTA-ardhapeTikA kI taraha AkAra vAle gharoM se bhikSA lenaa| (3) gomUtrikA-gomUtra kI taraha se vakrAkAra jAte hue gharoM se bhikSA lenaa| (4) pataMgavIthikA-bIca-bIca meM kucha ghara chor3akara bhikSA lenaa| (5) zambUkAvartA-zaMkha kI taraha cakrAkAra jAkara bhikSA lenaa| (6) Ayata gatvA pratyAgatA-pahale binA bhikSA lie dUra taka cale jAnA, phira lauTate hue bhikSA lenA |is prakAra kSetra ko sImita kara liyA jAtA hai| (ga) kAla UnodarI: dina ke cAra paharoM meM bhikSA kA jo nizcita samaya tIsarA pahara hai, tadanusAra bhikSA ke lie jAnA athavA nizcita kAla ke pramANa ko kucha kama kara denA kAla UnodarI hai| (gha) bhAva UnodarI : bhAva pradhAna hone se ise bhAva UnodarI kahate haiN| isameM bhikSArtha jAte samaya aisA niyama banA liyA jAtA hai ki strI athavA puruSa, alaMkRta athavA analaMkRta, yuvA athavA bAlaka, saumyAkRti athavA anya kisI vizeSa prakAra ke bhAva se yukta dAtA se hI bhikSA grahaNa karUMgA anyathA nhiiN| isa prakAra se kama bhikSA milane kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai| ataH isa vidhi se bhI tapa hotA hai| 1. avamaudaryamekagrAsAdiralpAhAraH / bhAvapAhur3a, gA0TI0,78,pR0353 2. de0-u0 30.14-24

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upAdhyAya parameSThI 173 (Ga) paryavacaraka UnodarI : uparyukta cAroM prakAra kI UnodarI meM jo paryAya batalAe gae haiM una sabase nyUna vRtti kA honA paryavacaraka UnodarI hai| arthAt dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ina cAroM prakAra se UnodarI tapa kA pAlana karanA paryavacaraka UnodarI hai| (3) vRttiparisaMkhyAna tapa : vRtti kA artha-AhArahotA hai aura parisaMkhyAna arthAt gintii| ginatI ke gharoM se bhojana lenA athavA bhojana kI vastuoM kI saMkhyA nizcita karanA hI vRttiparisaMkhyAna tapa hai| isa tapa meM jaba muni AhAra ke lie nikalatA hai taba yaha niyama le letA hai ki Aja maiM eka, do athavA dasa ghara taka jAUMgA, inameM AhAra milegA to lUMgA, anyathA nahIM, athavA Aja peya padArtha hI lUMgA yA mUMga Adi se banA AhAra hI lUMgA aadi| (4) rasaparityAgatapaH dUdha, dahI, ghIAdisarasa padArthoM ke sevana kA tyAga karanA rasaparityAga tapa hai| isa tapa kA pAlana karane se sAdhu kI indriyAgni uddIpta nahIM hotI hai aura brahmacarya pAlana meM sahAyatA milatI hai| sAdhu ke lie AhAra jIvana ko calAne ke lie hotA hai, zarIra kI puSTi ke lie nahIM / ataH rasayukta AhAra kA tyAga Avazyaka hai| (3) viviktazayyAsana: jahAM koI AtA-jAtA na ho tathA jo strI, pazuAdi se rahita ho aise ekAnta sthAna meM zayana evaM Asana grahaNa karanA, viviktazayyAsana tapa hai|' isa tapase jIvoM ko pIr3A ityAdi nahIM hotI aura ekAnta sAdhanA kA abhyAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai| (6) kAyakleza : sukhAvaha vIrAsanaAdiugraAsanoM meM zarIra ko sthira karanA kAyakleza tapa hai| isa prakAra ke AsanoM meM sthirahone sezarIra meM nizcalatAevaMapramattatA AtI hai, sAdhanA meM sahAyatA milatI hai| ataH ye Asana kaThora hote hue bhI sukhakArI kahe gae haiN| 1. vRttiparisaMkhyAnaM gaNitagRheSu bhojanaM vastusaMkhyA vA / bhAvApAhui, gA0TI0 78, pR0 353 tathA de0-mUlA05.355 2. khIradahisappimAI paNIyaM paannbhoynnN| parivajjaNaM rasANaM tu bhaNiyaM rasavivajjaNaM / / u0 30.26 tathA milAiye-mUlA05.352 3. egantamaNAvAe itthI psuvivjjie| sayaNAsaNasevaNayA vivitta sayaNAsaNaM / / vahI, 30.28 4. ThANA vIrAsaNAIyA jIvassa u suhaavhaa| uggAjahAdharijjanti kAyakilesaM tamAhiyaM / / u0 30.27

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174 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI (A) Abhyantara tapa ke chaha bheda / (1) prAyazcitta tapa : aparAdha ko prApta huA jIva jisake dvArA pUrvakRta pApa se vizuddha ho jAtA hai vaha prAyazcitta tapa hai| AcAra meM lage doSa arthAt bhUla ke zodhana ke aneka prakAra haiM aura ve sabhI prAyazcita haiM / mukhyataH prAyazcita ke nau bheda batalAe gae haiM-AlocanA, pratikramaNa, tadubhaya, viveka, vyutsarga, tapa, cheda, parihAra aura upsthaapnaa|' 1. AlocanA : guru ke samakSa zuddhabhAva se apanI bhUla athavA doSoM ko prakaTa karanA AlocanA hai| 2. pratikramaNa : pahale huI bhUla kA anutApa karake usase nivRtta honA aura Age bhUla na ho isake lie sAvadhAna rahanA pratikramaNa hai| 3. tadubhaya : pApa se nivRtta hone ke lie AlocanA aura pratikramaNa donoM sAtha karanA tadubhaya athavA mizra Abhyantara tapa hai| 4.viveka :yadiajJAna se sadoSa AhAra Adi liyA ho toaura usakA bAda meM patA cala jAe taba usakA tyAga kara denA viveka hai| 5. vyutsarga : ekAgratApUrvaka zarIra aura vacana ke vyApAroM ko chor3anA vyutsarga hai| 6. tapa : anazana Adi bAhya tapa karanA tapa hai| 7. cheda : doSa ke anusAra divasa, pakSa, mAsa yA varSa kI pravrajyA kama karanA cheda hai| 8.parihAra:doSapAtra vyakti se doSa ke anusAra pakSa, mAsaAdi paryanta kisI prakAra kA saMsarga na rakhakara use dUra rakhanA parihAra tapa hai| 6. upasthApanA :ahiMsA Adi mahAvratoM ke bhaMga hone para punaH Arambha se una mahAvratoM kA AropaNa karanA upasthApanA hai|" 1. praayshcittvinyvaiyaavRttysvaadhyaayvyutsrgdhyaanaanyuttrm| ta0sU0 6.20 2. pAyacchittaM tti tavo jeNa visujjhadi hu puvakayapAvaM / mUlA05.361 3. aalocnprtikrmnntdubhyvivekvyutsrgtpshchedprihaaropsthaapnaani| tU0 sU0 6.22 4. de0- (saMghavI). ta0sU0.pu0 216-220

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upAdhyAya parameSThI 175 (2) vinaya tapa: vinaya se abhiprAya hai-jJAna Adi sadguNoM meM AdarabhAva karanA |is prakAra jyeSTha muniyoM kA Adara bhAva karanA hI vinaya tapa hai|' vinaya vastutaH guNa rUpa meM eka prakAra kA hI hotA hai kintu viSaya kI dRSTi se usake cAra bheda kie gae haiM-(1) jJAna vinaya, (2) darzana vinaya, (3) cAritra vinaya aura (4) upacAra vinaya / 1. jJAna vinaya-jJAna prApta karanA, usakA abhyAsa karanA aura use smaraNa rakhanA jJAna vinaya hai| 2.darzana vinaya-tattvakIyathArthapratItisvarUpasamyagdarzanase vicalita nahonA, usake prati utpanna hone vAlIzaMkAoM kA nivAraNa karake niHzaMkabhAva se sAdhanA karanA darzanavinaya haiM 3. cAritra vinaya-sAmAyika AdicAritroM meM citta kA samAdhAna rakhanA cAritra vinaya hai| 4. upacAra vinaya-jo apane se sadguNoM meM zreSTha hoM unake prati aneka prakAra se yogya vyavahAra karanA, jaise-unake sammukha jAnA, unake Ane para khar3e honA, Asana denA, vandanA karanA Adi upacAra vinaya hai|' (3) vaiyAvRttya tapa: vaiyAvRtta ke bhAva ko vaiyAvRtya kahate haiM / sevAbhAvaisakA mUla hai |aacaary Adi muniyoM ke kAyika kleza aura mAnasika saMklezoM ko dUra karane meM pravRtta honA vaiyAvRttya tapa hai|" AcArya, upAdhyAya, tapasvI, zaikSa, glAna, gaNa, kula, saMgha, sAdhu aura sumanojJa inakI sevAzuzruSA karane se vaha daza prakAra kA ho jAtA hai| jo isa prakAra haiM(1) AcArya : jo svayaM vratoM kA AcaraNa karate haiM aura dUsare muniyoM ko karAte haiM ve 1. jyeSTheSu muniSu Adaro vinaya ucyte||t010 6.20. pR0301 2. jnyaandrshncaaritropcaaraaH| ta0sU06.23 3. de0-(saMdhavI). ta0sU0. pR0 220 4. klezasaMklezanAzAyAcAryAdidazakasya yH| vyAvRttastasya yatkarmattavaiyAvRttyamAcaret ||dhrmaa0 7.78 5. AcAryopAdhyAyatapasvizaikSaglAnagaNakulasaMdhasAdhusamanojJAnAm / ta0sU06.24 6. de0-ta010 6.24

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176 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI AcArya haiN| (2) upAdhyAya : jinake pAsa AtmakalyANa ke lie zAstroM kA adhyayana kiyA jAtA hai ve upAdhyAya haiN| (3) tapasvI : jo mahopavAsa Adi tapoM ko karate haiM ve tapasvI kahalAte haiN| (4) zaikSa: jo navadIkSita muni zAstroM ke adhyayana meM tatpara rahate haiM unheM zaikSa kahA jAtA hai| (5) glAna : jisa muni kA zarIra roga Adi se pIr3ita ho use glAna kahate haiN| (6) gaNa: vRddha muniyoM ke samUha ko gaNa kahA jAtA hai| (7) kula: eka hI dIkSAcArya kA ziSya-parivAra kula kahalAtA hai| (E) saMgha: sAdhu-sAdhvI aura zrAvaka-zrAvikA rUpI samudAya jo ki eka hI gharma kA anuyAyI hai, saMgha kahalAtA hai| (6) sAdhuH jo cirakAla se dIkSita ho vaha sAdhu hai / (10) samanojJa: vaktRtva Adi guNoM se suzobhitaaura logoM dvArA prazaMsita muni samanojJa kahalAtA hai| vaiyAvRttya tapa bar3A guNakArI hai| isa tapa se mUla lAbha to yaha hai ki isake paripAlana se sAdhaka tIrthaMkara nAmakarma kA upArjana karatA hai| isa kAraNa se isakA mahattva aura adhika bar3ha jAtA hai| (4) svAdhyAya tapa: svAdhyAya kA sAmAnya artha hai-adhyayana karanA / jJAna prApti ke lie zAstroM kAadhyayana karanA hI svaadhyaaytphai| jJAna prApta karane ke sAtha-sAtha 1. veyAvacceNaM titthayaranAmagottaM kammaM nibndhi| u0 26.44

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177 upAdhyAya parameSThI use sandeha rahita, vizada aura paripakva banAnA evaM usakA pracAra karane kA prayatna karanA, ye sabhI svAdhyAya meM Ate haiN| isI AdhAra para isake pAMca bheda ho jAte haiM-vAcanA, pracchanA, anUprekSA, AmnAya aura dhrmopdesh'| 1. vAcanA : phala kI apekSA na karake zAstra par3hanA, zAstra kA artha kahanA aura anya jIvoM ke lie zAstra tathA artha donoM kA vyAkhyAna karanA vAcanA hai| 2.pracchanA (pRcchanA)-zaMkA ko dUra karane ke lie athavA nizcaya ko dRr3ha karane ke lie jJAta artha ko guru se pUchanA pracchanA hai| 3. anuprekSA-jAne hue artha kA ekAgra mana se bAra-bAra abhyAsa yA vicAra karanA anuprekSA hai| 4.AbhnAya-sIkhI huI vastu kA zuddhipUrvaka punaH punaH uccAraNa karanA AmnAya kahalAtA hai| 5. dharmopadeza-kisI bhI prakAra ke phala kI apekSA na karake asaMyama ko dUra karane ke lie, mithyAmArga kA nAza karane ke lie aura AtmakalyANa ke lie dharma-kathA Adi kA upadeza karanA dharmodeza hai| (5) vyutsarga tapaH sone, baiThane aura khar3e rahane ke samaya zarIra ko idhara-udhara na hilAkara vyartha kI ceSTAoM kA tyAga karate hue, sthira rakhanA vyutsarga tapa hai| isakA dUsarA nAma kAyotsarga bhI hai| tyAjya vastu bAhya aura Abhyantara ke rUpa meM do prakAra kI hotI hai| ataH vyutsarga ke do prakAra batalAe gae haiM-bAhya upadhi kA tyAga aura Abhyantara upadhi kA tyaag| 1. bAyopadhi-vyutsarga : dhana,dhAnya, makAna, kSetra Adi bAhya padArtho kI mamatA kA tyAga karanA bAyopadhi-vyutsarga hai| 2. Abhyantaropadhi-vyutsarga : zarIra kI mamatA evaM kASAyika vikAroM kI tanmayatA kA tyAga karanA Abhyantaropadhi-vyutsarga hai| 1. vAcanApracchanAnuprekSAmnAyadharmopadezAH / / ta0sU0 6.25 2. de0-ta0vR0 6.25 3. sayaNAsaNaThANe vA je u bhikkhU na vaavre| kAyassa viussaggo chaTTho so prikittio|| u0 30.36 4. bAhyAbhyantaropadhyoH / / ta0sU0 6.26 5. de0-(saMdhavI). ta0sU0, pR0 221

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178 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI (6) dhyAna tapa: sAdhanA paddhati meM dhyAna kA sarvopari mahattva rahA hai| dhyAna hamArI cetanA kI hI eka avasthA hai| uttama saMhanana vAle jIva kA eka viSaya meM antarmuhUrta ke lie antaHkaraNa kI vRtti(=cittavRtti) kA ruka jAnAdhyAna kahalAtA hai|' saMhanana kAabhiprAya-zArIrika saMghaTana se hai|dhyaan ke lie mAnasika bala Avazyaka hai aura vaha uttama saMhanana vAle jIva meM hI ho sakatA hai| vajavRSabha nArAca, ye tIna uttama saMhanana haiN| ina tIna uttama saMhanana vAle jIva ko hI dhyAna kA adhikArI mAnA gayA hai| ardhanArAca, kIlikA aura asaMprAptasRpATikA ina tIna saMhananoM meM antarmuhUrta taka cittavRtti ke nirodha kA sAmarthya nahIM hai| ataH isa prakAra ke saMhanana vAlA jIva dhyAna kA adhikArI nahIM hai| dhyAna kA samaya antarmuhUrta hotA hai kyoMki isase adhika samaya taka dhyAna nahIM ho sakatA kAraNa ki cintAeM atyanta durdhara aura capala hotI haiN| kaI bAra aisA sunA jAtA hai ki amuka vyakti ne eka divasa, eka ahorAtra athavA usase bhI adhika samaya takadhyAna kiyaa| isase mAtraabhiprAya itanA hI hai ki utane samaya taka usakA dhyAna kA pravAha calatA rhaa| jaba kisI eka Alambana kA eka bAra dhyAna karake punaH usI Alambana kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai to vaha dhyAnapravAha bar3ha jAtA hai| yaha antarmuhUrta kA kAla-parimANa chadmastha ke dhyAna kA hai| sarvajJa ke dhyAna kA kAla parimANa to adhika bhI ho sakatA hai, kyoMki sarvajJa mana, vacana aura zarIra ke pravRttiviSayaka sudRr3ha prayatna ko adhika samaya taka bhI bar3hA sakatA hai| dhyAna ke cAra bheda haiM -(ArtadhyAna, raudradhyAna, dharmadhyAna aura shukldhyaan| (1) ArtadhyAna : Rta kA artha hai pIr3AyA du:kha | usase jo utpanna ho vaha Arta kahalAtA hai| duHkha kI utpatti ke mukhya cAra hetuoM ke AdhAra para ArtadhyAna cAra prakAra kA hai1. uttamasaMhananasyaikAgracintAnirodho dhyaanm| aamuhuurtaat| vahI, 6.27-28 / 2. de0-bhAvapAhuDa, gA0 TI0,78. pR0356-360 3. de0-(saMghavI). ta0sU0. pR0225 4. aarauidrdhrmshuklaani| vahI, 6.26 5. duHkham ardanamarti vA Rtamucyate, Rte duHkhe bhvmaartm| ta0 vR06. 28, pR0 306

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upAdhyAya parameSThI 179 (a) amanojJa saMprayoga: apriya vastu ke prApta hone para usake viyoga ke lie satata ciMtana krnaa| zera yA zatru ityAdi ke saMyoga se isa prakAra kA dhyAna hotA hai| (A) vedanA cintana : udara pIr3A Adi vedanA ke hone para usake dUra karane ke lie satata cintA krnaa| (i) manojJa viprayoga: priya vastu kA viyoga hone para usakI prApti ke lie satata cintA karanA hai| jaise strI, putra Adi kA viyoga ho jAne para usa viSayaka cintA kA honaa| (ja) nidAna cintana: ____ bhogoM kI lAlasA kI utkaTatA ke kAraNa aprApta vastu kI prApti ke lie saMkalpa karanA yA satata cintA krnaa| prathama pAMca guNasthAnAvartI jIvoM ke cAroM prakAra kA ArtadhyAna hotA hai lekina chaThe guNasthAnavartI muni ke nidAna ko chor3akara anyatIna ArtadhyAna hote haiN| (2) raudradhyAna : rudrakUra pariNAma vAle jIva ko kahate haiM, usake dvArA kiyA gayA kArya athavA vicAra raudradhyAna hai| hiMsA jhUTha, corI aura viSaya-saMrakSaNa (viSayoM meM indriyoM kI pravRtti) ina cAra vRttiyoM se raudradhyAna hotA hai| ataH viSaya ke AdhAra para yaha cAra prakAra kA ho jAtA hai (a) hiMsAnubandhI-hiMsA meM satata prvrtn| (A) mRSAnubandhI-jhUTha meM satata prvrtn| (i) stenAnubandhI-corI meM satata pravartana / (u) saMrakSaNAnubandhI viSayoM ke sAdhanoM meM satata pravartana / 1. ArtamanojJAnAM samprayoge tadviprayogAya smRtisamanvAhAraH / ta0 sU0 6.31 2. vedanAyAzca / ta0sU0 6.32 3. viparItaM mnojnyaanaam| vahI, 6.33 4.. nidAnaM c| ta0sU06.34 5. de0-ta0vR0 6.34, pR0308 6. rudraH krurAzayaH prANI, rudrasya karma raudraM rude vA bhavaM raudrm| vahI, 6.28. pR0306 7. hiMsA'nRtasteyaviSayasaMrakSaNebhyo raudramaviratadezaviratayoH / ta.sU. 6.36 .

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180 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI raudradhyAna avirata aurasa dezavirata guNasthAnavartI jIvoM ke hotA hai parantu dezavirata ke raudradhyAna kabhI-kabhI hI hotA hai, ekadeza se virata hone ke kAraNa kabhI-kabhI hiMsA Adi meM pravRtti aura dhanasaMrakSaNa Adi kI icchA ho jAtI hai jisase raudra dhyAna hotA hai|' (3) dharmadhyAna: AjJA, apAya, vipAka aura saMsthAna kI vicAraNA ke nimitta mana ko ekAgra karanA dharmadhyAna hai| yahAM nimitta ke bheda se dharmadhyAna ke cAra bheda haiM(a) AjJAvicaya dharmadhyAna : kisI bhI padArtha kA vicAra karate samaya aisA manana karanA ki isa viSaya meM jo jinadeva kI AjJA hai, vaha pramANa hai, AjJAvicaya dharmadhyAna hai| (A) apAyavicaya dharmadhyAna : mithyAdRSTi jIva janmAndha ke samAna haiN| ve vItarAga-praNIta mArga se parAGmukha rahate hue bhI mokSa kI icchA karate haiM, lekina usake mArga ko nahIM jAnate haiN| isa prakAra sanmArga ke vinAza kA vicAra karanA apAyavicaya hai athavA prANiyoM ke mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna aura mithyAcAritra kA vinAza kaise hogA, isa para vicAra karanA apAcavicaya hai| (I) vipAkavicaya dharmadhyAna : ___ dravya,kSetra, kAla,bhava aura bhAva inakI apekSA karma kaise-kaise phala dete haiM isakA satata vicAra karanA vipAkavicaya dharmadhyAna hai| (u) saMsthAnavicaya dharmadhyAna : loka ke AkAra aura usake svarUpake vicAra meM apane citta ko lagAnA saMsthAnavicaya dharmadhyAna hai|' apramattasaMyata muni ke sAkSAt dharmadhyAna hotA hai aura avirata dezavirata aura pramattasaMyata jIvoM ke gauNa dharmadhyAna hotA hai| (4) zukladhyAna : zuddha Atma-tattva meM citta ko sthira karanA zukladhyAna hai| yaha dhyAna AtmA ke nirmala pariNAmoM se utpanna hotA hai| uttarottara vikAsakrama ke AdhAra para isake bhI cAra bheda haiM -pRthaktvavirtaka, ekatvavitarka, sUkSmakriyApratipAtI aura vyuprtkriyaanivRti| 1. de. ta.vR. 6.35 pR. 308 2. AjJA'pAyavipAkasaMsthAnavicayAya dharmamapramattasaMyatasya |t. sU. 6.37 3. vistAra ke lie de.ta.vR. 6.36, pR. 306 4. vahI, pR. 306-310 5. malarahitaM jIvapariNAmodbhavaM zuciguNayogAcchuklam / vahI, 6.28, pR. 306 6. pRthktvaiktvvitrksuukssmkriyaaprtipaativyprtkriyaanivRttiini| ta. sU. 6.41

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upAdhyAya parameSThI 181 pahale do zukla dhyAnoM kA Azraya eka hai arthAt una donoM kA Arambha pUrvajJAna dhArI AtmA dvArA hotA hai| isIlie ye donoM dhyAna vitarka sahita hote haiN| donoM dhyAnoM meM vitarka kA sAmya hone para bhI yaha vaiSabhya hai ki pahale meM pRthaktva (bheda) hai, jabaki dUsare meM ekatva (abheda) hai| isI prakAra pahale meM vicAra hai', jabaki dUsare meM vicAra nahIM hai| isI kAraNa ina donoM dhyAnoM ke nAma kramazaH pRthaktvavitarka-savicAra aura ekatvavitarkanirvicAra haiN| (a) pRthaktvavitarka-savicAra : - jaba dhyAna karane vAlA pUrvadhara ho taba vaha pUrvagata zruta ke AdhAra para aura jaba pUrvadhara na ho taba apane meM sambhAvita zruta ke AdhAra para kisI bhI paramANu Adijar3a meM yA AtmarUpacetana meM-eka dravya meM utpatti, sthiti, nAza, mUrtatva, amUrtatva Adi aneka paryAyoM kA dravyAstika,paryAyAstika Adi vividha nayoM ke dvArA bheda pradhAna cintana karatA hai aura yathAsambhava zrutajJAna ke AdhAra para kisI eka dravyarUpa artha se dUsare dravyarUpa artha para, yA eka dravya rUpa artha para se paryAyarUpa anya artha para, athavA eka paryAyarUpa artha para se anya paryAyarUpa artha para, yA eka paryAya rUpa artha para se anya dravyarUpa artha para cintana ke lie pravRtta hotA hai| isI prakAra artha para se zabda para aura zabda para se artha para cintana ke lie pravRtta hotA hai tathA mana Adi kisI bhI eka yoga ko chor3akara anya yoga kA avalambana letA hai, taba vaha dhyAna pRthaktvavitarka-savicAra kahalAtA hai| (A) ekatvavitarka-nirvicAra : ukta prakriyA ke avaparIta jabadhyAna karane vAlA apane meM sambhAvya zruta ke AdhAra para kisI eka hI paryAyarUpa artha ko lekara usa para abheda pradhAna (ekatva) cintana karatA hai aura mana Adi tIna yogoM meM se kisI eka hI yoga para aTala rahakara zabda aura artha ke cintana evaM bhinna-bhinna yogoM meM saMcAra kA parivartana nahIM karatA, taba vaha dhyAna ekatvavitarka-nirvicAra kahalAtA hai| prathama bhedapradhAna dhyAna kA abhyAsa dRr3ha ho jAne ke bAda hI isa dhyAna kI yogyatA prApta hotI hai| - (i) sUkSmakriyApratipAtI: jaba sarvajJa bhagavAn yoga nirodha ke krama meM antataH sUkSmazarIra yoga kA 1. zuklecAye pUrvavidaH / ta. sU.. 6.36 2. vitarkaH zrutam / vahI, 6.45 3. ekAzraye savitarke pUrve / vahI, 6.43 4. vicAro'rthavyaJjanayogasakrAntiH / ta.sU. 6.46 5. yaha krama isa prakAra hai-sthUla kAyayoga ke Azraya se vacana aura mana ke sthUla yoga ko sUkSma banAyA jAtA hai, usake bAda vacana aura mana ke sUkSma yoga ko avalambita karake zarIra ke sthUla yoga ko sUkSma banAyA jAtA hai| phira zarIra ke sUkSmayoga ko avalambita karake vacana aura mana ke sUkSma yoga kA nirodha kiyA jAtA hai aura anta meM sUkSmazarIra yoga kA bhI nirodha kiyA jAtA hai| (saMghavI). ta.sU.. pR. 230, pA. Ti.1 mOM OM

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182 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI Azraya lekara zeSa yogoM ko roka dete haiM taba vaha sUkSmakriyApratipAtI dhyAna kahalAtA hai kyoMki usameM zvAsa-ucchavAsa ke samAna sUkSmakriyA hI zeSa raha jAtI hai aura usase patana bhI sambhava nahIM hai| (u) vyuparata-kriyAnivRtti : isadhyAna meM zarIra kI zvAsa-prazvAsa Adi sUkSma kriyAeM bhI banda ho jAtI haiM aura Atmapradeza sarvathA niSprakampa ho jAte haiM, ataH ise samucchinna kriyA nivRtti dhyAna bhI kahA jAtA hai| isa dhyAna meM sthUla yA sUkSma kisI bhI prakAra kI mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika kriyA nahIM rahatI tathA vaha sthiti bAda meM naSTa bhI nahIM hotI hai|' sUkSmakriyApratipAtI aura vyuparatakriyAnivRtti dhyAna meM yadyapi cintA kA nirodha nahIM hai phira bhI upacAra se unako dhyAna kahate haiN| kAraNa ki yahAM bhI aghAtiyA karmoM ke nAza karane ke lie yoganirodha karanA par3atA hai / yadyapi kevalI ke dhyAna karane yogya kucha bhI nahIM hai phira bhI unakA dhyAna adhika sthiti vAle karmoM kI samasthiti karane ke lie hotA hai| isa dhyAna se nirvANa sukha kI prApti hotI hai| upAdhyAya mahArAja uparyukta bAraha prakAra ke tapa kA svayaM dRr3hatA se pAlana karate haiM tathA saMgha ke anya sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko bhI isake lie prerita karate haiN| pAMca mahAvrata, nau brahmacarya kI gupti aura caturvidha kaSAya kA varNanaAcArya ke guNoM meM kiyA jA cukA hai| isa prakAra yaha caraNasaptati hai| 4. prabhAvanA sampanna upAdhyAya : yahAM prabhAvanA se abhiprAya hai-jainadharma kA pracAra evaM prasAra karanA, usakA gaurava bar3hAnA / yaha prabhAvanA ATha prakAra kI batalAyI gayI hai jo nimna prakAra haiM-3 (1) pravacanaprabhAvanA : __ sabhI jaina zAstroM kA tathA SaDdarzana evaM nyAyazAstraAdianeka granthoM kA adhyayana, manana, cintana evaM nididhyAsana karake, unake artha, bhAvArtha tathA paramArtha ko grahaNa karate hue samaya para use DhaMga se abhivyakta karanA jisase ki kisI bhI mata kA zrotA prabhAvita hokara saddharbha kI ora AkRSTa hove, yaha pravacanaprabhAvanA hai| (2) dharmakathAprabhAvanA : svAdhyAya tapa kA eka bheda hai dharmakathA arthAt dharma kA upadeza krnaa| 1. de. vahI, pR. 226-230 2. de.ta.vR. 6.44. pR.313 3. de.jaina tatva kalikA, pR. 207-206

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upAdhyAya parameSThI 183 dharmakathA ke cAra bheda haiM(a) AkSepaNI : jisa kathA meM jJAna aura cAritra kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai use AkSepaNI dharmakathA kahate hai| (A) vikSepaNI : jisa kathA meM svasamaya aura parasamaya kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai vaha vikSepaNI hai| (i) saMvejanI : jJAna, cAritra aura tapa ke abhyAsa se AtmA meM kaisI-kaisI zaktiyAM prakaTa hotI haiM, inakA nirUpaNa karane vAlI saMvejanI dharmakathA hai| (u) nirvejanI : jisa kathA ko sunakara zrotA kI cittavRtti saMsAra se nivRttidhAraNa kare vaha nirvejanI dharmakathA hai| (3) vAdaprabhAvanA : kisI sthAna para jainadharma meM sthita dharmAtmA puruSa ko gumarAha karake dharmabhraSTa karane kA prayatnacala rahAho, tovahAM pahuMcakaraapanezuddha AcAra-vicAra dvArA unheM satyAsatya kA bheda batalAkara, usa vyakti ko dharma meM sthita hone meM sahAyatA denA athavA vAda-vivAda kA prasaMga ho to satyapakSa kA maNDana karate hue mithyApakSa kA khaNDana karanA, vAdaprabhAvanA hai| (4) trikAlajJaprabhAvanA : . jambaddhIpa prajJapti Adi zAstroM meM varNita bhagola kA jJAtA bananA aura khagola evaM jyotiSAdi vidyAoM meM pAraMgata honA jisase ki trikAla - sambandhI zubha-azubha bAtoM kA jJAna ho sake aura janasAmAnya ko usa prakAra kI bAtoM kA prakAzana karake unheM hAni se bacAkara lAbhAnvita kiyA jA sake, yahI trikAlajJaprabhAvanA hai| isase jina zAstra kA prabhAva bar3hatA hai| (5) tapa prabhAvanA : yathAzakti kaThora tapasyA karanA jisase loga prabhAvita ho sakeM aura svaMya bhI tapazcaraNa meM laga jAe yahI tapaprabhAvanA hai| (6) vrataprabhAvanA : ghI, dUdha, dahI ityAdi kA tyAga, mauna, kaThora abhigraha evaM kAyotsarga ityAdi kriyAoM ke AcaraNa se dharma kA prabhAva bar3hAnA vrataprabhAvanA hai| (7) vidyAprabhAvanA : rohiNI, parakAyapraveza, gaganagAminI Adi kriyAoM tathA mantrazakti, 1. de.bhaga.A.. gA. 654-56

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184 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI aMjanasiddhi evaM rasasiddhi ityAdi aneka vidyAoM meM upAdhyAya pravINa hote haiM kintu unakA prayoga nahIM krte| yadi jainadharma kI prabhAvanA kA koI vizeSa avasara A jAe to unakA prayoga karate haiM parantu isake lie yaha vidhAna hai ki bAda meM usakA prAyazcita grahaNa kara svazuddhi avazya kI jAtI hai| (8) kavitvaprabhAvanA : - nAnA prakAra ke chanda, kavitA, DhAla, stavana Adi kAvyoM kI racanA dvArA gUr3ha aura duruha viSayoM ko rasaprada banAkara AtmajJAna kI zakti prApta karanA aura una racAnAoM ke mAdhyama se jainadharma kI prabhAvanA bar3hAnA, yaha kavitva prabhAvanA kahalAtI hai / isa prakAra ina ATha prakAra kI prabhAvanAoM meM se kisI bhI prabhAvanA se upAdhyAya jainadharma kI prabhAvanA bar3hA sakate haiM | 5. mana, vacana aura kAya kA samAharaNa : - upAdhyAya mana, vacana aura kAya kA samAharaNa karate haiM | mana, vacana aura kAya ke samAharaNa ke viSaya meM sAdhu ke guNo ke prasagDa meM batalAyA jAyagA, isake sAtha hI upAdhyAya ke guNoM kI prathama paddhati kA vivecana sampanna huaa| prakArAntara se upAdhyAya ke paccIsa guNa : eka anya paddhati ke anusAra upAdhyAya ke paccIsa guNa isa prakAra bhI haiM --- ekAdaza aMga va caturdaza pUrva' ina 25 mukhya zAstroM ko svayaM par3he aura bhavya prANiyoM ke kalyANa evaM paropakAra ke lie anya yogya vyaktiyoM (sAdhu-sAdhvI evaM zrAvaka-zrAvikA varga) ko par3hAve | yahI upAdhyAya ke mukhya paccIsa guNa haiM / (Da) upAdhyAya kI solaha upamAeM : - uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM upAdhyAya (bahuzruta) kI solaha upamAeM dI gaI haiN| ina upamAoM dvArA unakI vizeSatAoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai jo isa prakAra haiM -- 1-zaMkhopama ' jaise zaMkha meM rakhA huA dUdha svayaM apane aura apane AdhAra ke guNoM ke kAraNa nirmala evaM nirvikAra rahatA hai, usI taraha upAdhyAya meM dharma, kIrti aura zruta bhI apane aura apane AdhAra ke caudaha pUrva ye haiM - utpAda, agrAyaNI, vIryAnupravAda, astinAsti pravAda, jJAnapravAda, satyapravAda, AtmapravAda, karmapravAda, pratyAkhyAnapravAda, vidyAnuvAda, avaMdhya (kalyANa), prANAyu (prANavAda), kriyAvizAla tathA lokabindusAra / vistRta adhyayana ke lie de0-jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa (pUrva pIThikA), pR0627-633 2.- de0-jaina tattva kAlikA, pR0202 3. de0-u0 11.15-30

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upAdhyAya parameSThI 185 guNoM se suzobhita hote haiM, nirmala rahate haiM | usake ye guNa kabhI bhI naSTa nahIM hote / kAmbojadezIya kanthaka azva jAtimAna aura vegavAna hone se donoM prakAra sezobhApAtA hai, usI prakAra upAdhyAya svAdhyAya aura pravacana se suzobhita hote haiM / 3- cAraNAdi-virudAvalItulya : jaise cAraNa-bhATa Adi dvArA kI gaI virudAvalI (nAndIghoSa) se zUravIra yoddhA suzobhita hote haiM, usI prakAra upAdhyAya caturvidha saMghakI guNotkIrNa rUpavirudAvalI se utsAhita hokara mithyAtva ko parAjita karate hue suzobhita hote haiM / 4. vRddhahastIsama : jisa prakAra hathiniyoM ke samUha se ghirA huA vRddha hAthI suzobhita hotA hai, vaise hI zrutajJAna kI prauDhatA se yukta upAdhyAya jJAniyoM ke samUha meM kisI se parAjitanahote hue suzobhita hote haiM / 5. tIkSNazRMgayukta dhaureya vRSabhasama : jaise tIkSNa sIMgoM vAlA, baliSTha kanthoM vAlA vRSabha gAyoM ke adhipati ke rUpa meM suzobhita hotA hai, vaise hI zrutajJAna se baliSTha upAdhyAya muniyoM ke samUha meM gaNa ke adhipati ke rUpa meM suzobhita hote haiM / 6. tIkSNadAr3hayuktakesarIsiMhasama : jaise tIkSNa dADhoM se yukta kesarI siMha anya vanacaroM ko kSubdha karatA huA zobhA pAtA hai, vaise hI upAdhyAyabhIsaptanaya rUpatIkSNadADhoM se prativAdiyoM kA mAnamardana karate hue suzobhita hote haiM / 7. zaMkhacakragadAyukta vAsudevasama : jisa prakAra zaMkha, cakra evaM gadAityAdikodhAraNa karate hueatulya bala vAle vAsudevasuzobhita hote haiM, usI prakAra jJAna, darzana, cAritrarUpa ratnatraya se yukta evaM saptanayarUpIratnoM kedhAraka upAdhyAya karmarUpIzatruoM ko parAjita karate hue suzobhita hote haiM / 8.cAturantacakravartIsama :jaise cAturanta cakravartI caudaha ratnoM se suzobhita hote haiM, usI prakAra upAdhyAya bhI 14 pUrvo kI vidyA ke jJAna se suzobhita hote haiN| 6. sahasranetra- devAdhipati zakrendrasama : jaise sahasra netroM ke

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186 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI dhAraka evaM asaMkhya devoM ke adhipati zakrendra vajAyudha se suzobhita hote haiM, usI prakAra sahasra tarka-vitarka vAle tathA anekAnta-rUpa vaja ke dhAraka asaMkhya prANiyoM ke adhipati upAdhyAya bhI suzobhita hote haiM / 10. udIyamAna sUryasama : jaise sahasra kiraNoM se jAjvalyamAna sUrya andhakAra ko naSTa karatA huA AkAza meM zobhA pAtA hai, usI prakAra upAdhyAya nirmala jJAna seajJAnarUpaandhakAra ko naSTa karate hue saMgharUpa AkAza meM suzobhita hote haiM / 11. pUrNimAcandropama : jaise nakSatroM ke parivAra se ghirA huA nakSatrAdhipati candramA pUrNimA ko paripUrNa kalAoM se yukta hotA huA suzobhita hotA hai, usI prakAra upAdhyAya bhI jijJAsu sAdhakoM ke parivAra se ghire hue apanI jJAnarUpa kalAoM se suzobhita hote 12. dhAnyakoSThAgArasama : jaise cUhe Adi ke upadravoM se rahita, sudRr3ha kapAToM se yukta tathA vividha dhAnyoM se paripUrNa koSThAgAra (=anna bhaNDAra) suzobhita hotA hai,vaise hI nizcaya-vyavahArarUpa sRdRr3ha kapAToM se yukta tathA aMga upAMga'jJAnarUpadhAnyoM se paripUrNa upAdhyAya suzobhita hote haiM / 13. jambUsudarzanavRkSasama : jaise jambUkSetra ke adhiSThAtA anAdRta deva kA nivAsa sthAna jambU-sudarzana' vRkSa apane sundara patte, phUla, phala ityAdi ke kAraNa saba vRkSoM meM zreSTha hotA hai, usI prakAra upAdhyAya apane vizeSa jJAna evaM guNoM ke kAraNa saba sAdhuoM meM zreSTha hote haiM / 14.sItAnadItulya :jisa prakAra nIlavanta varSadhara parvata se nikalI huI jala pravAha se paripUrNa, samudragAminI sItA nadI saba nadiyoM meM zreSTha hai, usI prakAra upAdhyAya bhI apane zrutajJAnarUpa salila se yukta sarvazreSTha hote haiM aura nadiyoM se parivRta sItA nadI kI taraha zrotAoM ke bIca meM suzobhita hote haiM / 15. sumeruparvatasama : jaise parvatarAja sumeru parvata uttama auSadhiyoM se suzobhita hote haiM, usI prakAra upAdhyAya bhI sAdhuoM meM apanI aneka labdhiyoM se suzobhita hote haiM upAMga grantha bAraha haiM-aupapAtika, rAjapraznIya, jIvAjIvAdhigama, prajJApanA, sUryaprajJapti, jambadvIpaprajJapti,candraprajJapti,nirayAvalikA,kalpAvataMsikA,puSpikA,puSpacUlA tathA vRssnnidshaa|| vistRta adhyayana ke lie de0 - jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa, bhAga-2 zubha adhyavasAya tathA utkRSTa tapa, saMyama ke AcaraNa se tat-tat karma kA kSaya aura kSayopazama hokara AtmA meM jo vizeSa zakti utpanna hotI hai use labdhi kahate haiM / aisIaTThAIsa prakAra kI labdhiyAM batalAyI gaI haiM / vistRta jAnakArI ke lie de0-vizeSa0, gA0 2462-66

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upAdhyAya parameSThI 187 16. svayambhUramaNasamudrasama:jisa prakAra svayambhUramaNasamudra apane susavAdu evaM akSaya jala se suzobhita hotA hai, usI prakAra apane nirmala evaM akSayajJAna se paripUrNa upAdhyAya usa jJAnakobhavyajIvoM meM rucikara zailI se prakaTa karate hue suzobhita hote haiM / ye upamAeM upAdhyAya ke guNoM para ucita prakAza DAlatI hai| upAdhyAya isa prakAra aneka guNoM se yukta hote hue saMgha meM suzobhita hote haiN| (ca) upAdhyAya kA kArya : saMghastha sAdhu-sAdhvI vargako vidhipUrvaka zAstroM kA paThana-pAThana karAnA hI upAdhyAya kA mukhya kArya hai| AcArya kIATha samprAdAoM meM batalAyA gayA hai ki AcArya AgamoM kIarthavAcanA dete haiM | AcArya ziSyavarga ko AgamoM kA gUr3ha rahasya to samajhA dete haiM kintu sUtra vAcanA kA jo kArya hai, vaha to upAdhyAya ke dvArA hI sampanna hotA hai| isI kAraNa se upAdhyAya ko sUtravAcanA - pradAtA kahA gayA hai| isakA abhiprAya yahI hai ki sUtroM ke pAThoccAraNa kI zuddhatA evaM vizadatA banAe rakhane ko dAyitva upAdhyAya kA hI hai / upAdhyAya ko sUtra-vAcanA dene meM atyadhika prayatnazIla aura jAgarUka rahanA hotA hai| vaha zramaNasaMgharUpInandanavana ke jJAna-vijJAna rUpavRkSoM kI zuddhatA evaM vikAsa kI ora sadA saceta rahane vAlA eka kuzalamAlI hai| usake dRr3ha prayAsa ke phalasvarUpa hI AgamapATha zuddha, sthira aura yathAvat banA rahatA hai| jahAM taka zikSA dene kA sambandha hai, AcArya aura upAdhyAya samAna haiM, kintu dIkSA denA aura saMgha para anuzAsana karanA AcArya kI adhikAra sImA haiN| AcArya kA kArya saMgha ko vyavasthita karanA hai jabaki paThana-pAThana kA kArya to upAdhyAyahI sampanna karatA hai| yahAMtakaki vahaAcArya kI anupasthiti meM unake kArya kA saMcAlana bhI karatA hai| isa prAkara jaina zramaNa paramparA meM upAdhyAya kA pada atyadhika mahattvapUrNa evaM gauravazAlI hai| (cha) upAdhyAya- bhakti : upAdhyAya-bhakti se abhiprAya hai- unake pAsa baiThakara zrutajJAna prApta karanA / jo sAdhu-sAdhvI athavA zrAvaka-zrAvikA upAdhyAya kI bhakti karate haiM -unake pAsa baiThakara zrutajJAna prApta karate haiM,unakeajJAna kI granthiyAM chinna-bhinna ho jAtI haiM tathA ve parama jJAna ko prApta kara lete haiM / arahanta, siddha aura AcArya bhakti kI taraha upAdhyAya-bhakti ko bhI tIrthaMkara nAmakarma ke Asrava kA hetu batalAyA gayA hai / ataHbhavya prANiyoM ko zuddha bhAva se upAdhyAya kI bhakti karanI caahie| 1. upAdhyAyaH sUtradAtA / sthAnAMgavRtti, 3. 4. 323 2. ta0 sU0 6.23

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sAdhu parameSThI siddhAganAsukhsamAgama- buddhavAJchAH, saMsAra - sAgara - samutaraNe ka - cintA : / jJAnAdibhUSaNa - vibhUSita - dehabhAgA : rAgAdighataratayo yatayo jayanti / / maMgala-vANI, pR0276

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SaSTha pariccheda sAdhu parameSThI sAdhU parameSThiyoM meM antima parameSThI haiM / jaina darzana meM sAdhu kA utanA hI mahattva hai jitanA ki anya parameSThiyoM kA hai| sAdhu hI sAdhanA kI prathama sIr3hI hai| sAdhu hue binA anya ucca pada pAnA durlabha hai kyoMki upAdhyAya, AcArya aura arahanta-ye tInoM hI sAdhanAphala kI ucca avasthAeM haiM jo isI sAdhu ke hI vikasita uttarottara rUpa haiN| sAdhu apanA AdhyAtmika vikAsa karatA haA kabhI upAdhyAya to kabhI AcArya aura kabhI vartamAna jIvana meM arahanta pada prApta karatA hai| yahAM yaha bAta dhyAna rakhane yogya hai ki arahanta banane meM jarUrI nahIM hai ki vaha pahale upAdhyAya athavA AcArya ho |arhnt to sAdhu sAdhanA kA carama pariNAma hai| sAdhu banate hI pariNAmoM kI nirmalatA use arahanta banA sakatI hai| yahAM kAlalabdhi prabala hai| vahI arahanta upAdhi (= zarIra) ke vizamana para siddha bana jAtA hai| ataH sAdhupada hI mokSapada kI prApti ke lie nIMva kA patthara hai| chaThe guNasthAna pramattasaMyata se lekara bArahaveM guNasthAnakSINakaSAya taka kI sAdhucaryA usakI bhUmikA hai| isase unnata arahanta avasthA hotI hai| tatpazcAt siddha parameSThI usakI bhUmikA hai| isase unnata arahanta avasthA hotI hai| tatpazcAt siddha parameSThI kA pada AtA hai| sAdhu, upAdhyAya tathA AcArya ye tInoM hI uttarottara guru haiM / yadyapi arahanta aura siddha guruoM ke bhI guru haiM phira bhI zrAvaka ke lie prathamataH sAdhu hI pUjya evaM adaraNIya hai| (ka) sAdhu zabda kA nirvacana evaM usakI vyAkhyA sAmAnyataH sAdhuzabda acchA, bhalA,dhArmika, saccA, paropakArI ityAdi arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai kintu jainadarzana meM sAdhu zabda kA viziSTa nirvacana upalabdha hotA hai| yathArtha sAdhaka : sAdhu : - sAdhu kA mUla artha hai-sAdhaka | sAdhanA karane vAlA sAdhaka hotA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM sAdhu kA nirvacana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo jJAna Adi zaktiyoM ke dvArA mokSa kI sAdhanA karate haiM athavA jo sabhI prANiyoM ke prati maitryAdi samatA kI bhAvanA rakhate hai, ve hI sAdhu kahalAte haiN|' 1. sAdhayanti jJAnAdizaktibhirmokSamiti sAdhavaH, samatA vA sarvabhUteSu dhyaayntiiti|| bhaga.vR.pa.4

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190 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI dazAzrutaskandha meM bhI isI Azaya ko prakaTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo samyagdarzana, jJAna aura cAritra se mokSa ko sAdhatA hai, vaha sAdhu hai|' Avazyaka niyukti se bhI isakI puSTi hotI hai| yahAM para batalAyA gayA hai ki jo abhISTa artha kI sAdhanA karatA hai, vahI sAdhu hai| yahAM abhISTa artha se abhiprAya mokSa-prApti hI hai| isako Agama meM spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki 'jo mokSa ke sAdhaka vyApAroM arthAt darzana, jJAna aura cAritra kI sAdhanA karate haiM aura saba prANiyoM para samabuddhi rakhate haiM, ve hI sAdhu parameSThIhaiM nivvANasahAe joge, jamhA sAhati saahunno| samA ya savvabhUesu, tamhA te bhaavsaahunno||' samatAvAnHsAdhu : sAdhu samatA kI sAdhanA karatA hai, isa Azaya ko aura adhika spaSTa karate hue AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM ki sAdhu ke lie zatru va mitra samAna hai, vaha sukha-duHkha meM samabhAva rakhatA hai, prazaMsA aura nindA meM samAna rahatA hai, patthara kA DhelA aura suvarNa use eka samAna pratIta hote haiM aura jIvana-maraNa meM bhI vaha samabhAva ko surakSita rakhatA hai| zramaNasUtra meM bhI yahI batalAyA gayA hai ki 'sAdhu lAbha aura alAbha meM, sukha aura duHkha meM,jIvana aura maraNa meM, nindA aura prazaMsA meM tathA mAna aura apamAna meM samatAvAn hotA hai | saMskRta-zabdakoSa vAcaspatyam meM bhI sAdhu ke sAdhutva ko batalAte hue kahA gayA hai ki sAdhu sammAna meM prasanna nahIM hotA aura apamAna hone para krodha nahIM krtaa| vaha apane Apa ko kaSTa pahuMcAkara bhI dUsare ko sukha hI pahuMcAtA hai| yahI jaina santa kI pahacAna hai| kisI sAdhu meM yadi ina guNoM kI viparItatA pAyI jAe to vaha jaina sAdhu to ho hI nahIM sktaa| nirmohI:sAdhuH : AcArya kundakunda niyamasAra meM batalAte haiM ki jo samasta bAhyavyApAra - 1. samyagdarzana jJAnAcAritrairmokSaM sAdhayatIti sAdhuH / dazA. TIkA, 6.4, pR. 180-81 / 2. abhilaSitamarthasAdhayati iti sAdhuH / / A.ni., gA. 1008 3. vahI, gA. 1010 4 samasattubaMdhuvaggo samasuhadukkho pNsNsnniNdsmo| samaloTThakaMcaNo puNa jIvidamaraNe samo smnno|| pravacanasAra, 3.41 5. lAbhAlAbhe suhe dukkhe jIvie maraNe thaa| samo nindA pasaMsAsu tahA maannaavmaanno|| samaNusuttaM, gA. 347 6 na prahRSyati sammAne na apamAne ca kupyati, AtmAnaM pIDayitvApi sAdhuH sukhayet param / / vAcaspatyam

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sAdhu parameSThI 191 rahita, jJAna, darzana, cAritra auratapanAmaka caturvidhaArAdhanA meM sadaivaanurakta, bAhya-abhyantara samasta parigraha rahita hone se nirgrantha tathA mithyA jJAna, mithyAdarzana aura mithyA-cAritra kA abhAva hone se jo nirmohI hai-vahI sAdhu hai kyoMki kahA bhI hai ki jisa sAdhu ke zarIra Adi parapadArthoM meM paramANu mAtra bhImUrchA-mamatvabhAva vidyamAna hai, vaha samasta AgamakAdhAraka hokara bhI siddhi ko prApta nahIM hotaa| svAvalambI : sAdhu : sAdhu svAvalambI hotA hai aura buddhipUrvaka vikAra, pramAda, kaSAya evaM anya prakAra kI malina pravRtiyoM kA tyAga karatA hai| isa prakAra usakA hRdaya sadaiva pavitra rahatA hai| AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM ki 'muni, vrata aura samyaktva se vizuddha, paJcendriyoM se niyantrita aura bAhya padArthoM kI apekSArahita zuddhAtmasvarUpa tIrtha meM dIkSA tathA zikSA rUpa uttama snAna se snAna kre| sarvArthasiddhi meM AtA hai ki 'sAdhu vaha hai jo cirakAla se dIkSita ho / aise sAdhu ko dRr3hatApUrvaka zIlavratoM kA pAlana karanA cAhie aura rAga se rahita tathA vividha vinayoM se yukta honA caahie| ___ kavi rAjamalla ne bhI sAdhu ke svarUpa para vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai| yahAM do prakAra ke sAdhu batalAye gae haiM ve haiM-nirgranthI sAdhu aura namaskaraNIya saadhu| nirgranthI : sAdhu : ___samyagdarzana se yukta cAritra hI mokSa kA mArga hai| usa cAritra kI Atmazuddhi ke lie jo sAdhanA karatA hai, vaha sAdhu hai| yaha sAdhu na to kucha kahatA hI hai aura na hI koI saMketa hI karatA hai tathA mana se bhI vaha kucha-kucha cintana nahIM karatAarthAt apane mana, vacana,aura kAyapara usakA pUrA niyantraNa 1. vAvAravippamukkA cauvihArAhaNAsayArattA / NiggaMthA NimmohA sAhU de erisA hoti / / niyama0, gA075 2. paramANupamANaM vA mucchA dehAdiesu jassa puNo / vijjadi jadi so siddhiMNa lahadi savvAgamadharo vi / / pravacanasAra, 3.36 3. vayasammatavisuddhe paMcidiyasaMjade NirAvekkhe / NhAeu muNI titthe dikkhA sikkhA suNhANeNa / / bodhapAhur3a, gA0 26 4. cirapravrajitataH sAdhuH / / sarvArthasiddhi , 6.24, bhASya 5. vinaya ke cAra bheda haiM-jJAna vinaya, darzana, vinaya, cAritra vinaya aura upacAra vinaya yaha vinaya tapa ke antargata batalAyA jA cukA hai| 6. thiradhariya sIlamAlA vavagayarAyA jasohasaDahatthA / bahuviNayabhasiyaMgA suhAiM sAhU payacchaMtu / / tiloya0 1.5

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192 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI hotA hai / vaha kevala apanI zuddha AtmA meM lIna rahatA hai| usakI antaraMga aura bAhya vRttiyAM bilkula zAnta hotI haiM / ataH vaha taraMgarahita samudra ke samAna hotA hai / vaha vairAgya kI parAkASThA para pahuMcA huA hotA hai aura turanta ke janme hue bAlaka kI taraha nirvikAra aura nagna hotA hai / antaraMga aura bahiraMga moha kI granthiyoM kA bhedaka hone se vaha nirgrantha kahalAtA hai| namaskaraNIya : sAdhu : tapasyA ke dvArA karmoM kI nirjarA karatA hai, parISaha evaM upasarga ityAdi usakA kucha bigAr3a nahIM skte| vaha kAmajayI hotA hai| zuddha zAstrokta vidhi se AhAra grahaNa karatA hai aura sadA tyAga meM tatpara rahatA hai / isa prakAra ke aneka sAdhujanocita sadguNoM se yukta sAdhu kalyANa kI bhAvanA se namaskAra karane ke yogya hai| ina do prakAra ke sAdhuoM se vyatirikta sAdhu kA eka aura tIsarA prakAra AgamoM meM upalabdha hai vaha hai-bhikSu sAdhu / bhikSu : sAdhu : uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM to 'sa bhikkhu' nAma kA pUrA adhyAya hI milatA hai| yahAM batalAyA gayA hai ki 'sAdhu vahI hai jisane vicArapUrvaka munivRtti aMgIkAra kara lI hai, jo samyagdarzana Adi guNoM se yukta hai, sarala svabhAva vAlA tathA saMsAriyoM ke paricaya kA tyAgI hai evaM viSayoM kI abhilASA se rahita hokara ajJAtakuloM kI gocarI karatA huA vicaraNa karatA hai, vaha bhikSu sAdhu hai| jo rAga se uparata, saMyama meM tatpara, Asrava se virata, zAstroM kA jJAtA tathA samabhAva se saba kucha sahana karane vAlA hai| jo suvratI, tapasvI aura nirmala AcAra se yukta hai, kutahalarahita hai evaM AtmA kI khoja meM lagA huA hai, vahI bhikSu hai| jo roga Adi se pIr3ita hone para mantra, jar3I-bUTI Adi tathA svajanoM kIzaraNa kA tyAga karatA hai, jo kucha nadene vAle ke prati dveSa nahIM karatA aura dene para AzIrvAda ityAdi nahIM detA tathA ThaNDe evaM nIrasabhojana-pAna kI jo nindA nahIM karatA tathA parimita AhAra letA hai| aneka prakAra ke raudra zabdoM ko sunakara bhI jo DaratA nahIM hai, jo zilpajIvI nahIM hai, jisakA koI ghara nahIM hai, jisake krodhAdi kaSAya manda par3a cuke haiM, jitendriya hai, aura jo saba prakAra ke parigraha se rahita hai tathA jo ekAkI vihAra karatA hai, vahI zreSTha sAdhu hai| uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki saccA sAdhu vahI hai jo apanA ghara-bAra chor3akara saMyama kI sAdhanA meM lagA huA hai| jise na kisI se 1. de0-paMcAdhyAyI, 2.667-674

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sAdhu parameSThI 193 kisI taraha kA rAga hai aura na kisI prakAra kA dveSa hai,jo sabake prati samadRSTi hai| jo lAbha-alAbha, mAna-apamAna, nindA-prazaMsA tathA sukha-duHkha meM bhI samabhAva rakhatA hai| isa prakAra kA vaha sAdhu saba prakAra ke parigraha se rahita hokara, saMsAriyoM se kisI prakAra kA paricaya na rakhate hue saMyama kI ArAdhanA karatA huA ekAkI vicaraNa karatA hai| (kha) sAdhu ke lie prayukta viziSTa zabda : jaina darzana meM sAdhu ke lie aneka zabda prayukta hote haiN| inameM sAdhu, saMyata, virata, anagAra, RSi, muni, yati, vratI,yogI evaM tapasvI ityAdi pramukha haiM / tIrthaMkara bhagavAn ne indriyoM kA damana karane vAle, mokSagamana ke yogya tathA kAyA kA vyutsarga karane vAle sAdhu ke cAra nAma batalAe haiM'-(1) mAhana, (2) zramaNa. (3) bhikSu aura (4) nirgrantha / ye cAroM sAdhu ke svarUpa para samucita prakAza DAlate haiN| (1) mAhana : jo samasta pApakarmoM se virata ho cukA hai, kisI se rAga-dveSa tathA kalaha nahIM karatA, kisI para mithyA doSAropaNa tathA kisI kI cugalI bhI nahIM karatA aura dUsare kI nindA se pare rahatA hai| jo saMyama meM aprIti, asaMyama se prIti tathA chala-kapaTa nahIM karatA evaM kapaTayukta asatya vacana bhI nahIM bolatA hai, jo mithyAdarzana rUpI zalya se virata hai, pAMca samitiyoM se sampanna hai, kaSAyarahita hai evaM jitendriya hai, vaha mAhana kahalAtA hai| (2) zramaNaH jo sAdhu-pUrvokta guNoM se yukta hai vaha zramaNa bhI kahalAtA hai| zramaNa sAdhu ke lie Agama meM kucha aura bhI guNa batalAe gae haiM ve haiM--zarIra, makAna, vastra, pAtra Adi kisI bhI padArtha meM Asakta na honA, anidAna arthAt ihalaukika evaM pAralaukika sAMsAraki viSayabhogarUpa phala kI AkAMkSA se virahita honA, hiMsA, mRSAvAda, maithuna aura parigraha se nivRtta honA evaM caturvidha kaSAya kA sarvathA tyAga karanA / isa prakAra jina-jina kAraNoM se AtmA dUSita hotI hai, una-una karma-bandhana ke kAraNoM se jo pahale se hI nivRtta hai 1. ahAha bhagava-eva se darta davie vAsaTThakAe tivacce-(1) mAhaNetti vA, (2) samati vA, (3) bhikkhUti vA, (4) niggaMtheti vA / sUyagar3o-2sU. 16.1 . iti viratasavvapAvakammeNNathejja-dAsa-kalaha-abbhakkhANa-pesuNA-paraparivAda arati- rati mAyAmosa - micchAdaMsaNasalla-virate, samiyae sahie sayA jae, No kujjhe No mANI mAhaNeti bacce / vahI, sU0 16.3

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194 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI tathA jo jitendriya, mokSagamana yogya kAyA kI Asakti se rahita hai, vahI zramaNa hai| (3) bhikSu : zramaNa ke guNoM ke sAtha-sAtha bhikSu kahalAne yogya bhI vahI hai- jo abhimAnI nahIM hai, vinIta hai, vinamra hai, indriyoM aura mana para niyantraNa rakhatA hai, mokSa-prApti kI jisameM yogyatA hai, kAyA ke prati mamatva kA utsarga kie hue hai, nAnA prakAra ke upasargoM aura parISahoM ko jItatA hai, adhyAtmayoga se zuddha cAritra vAlA hai, saMyamamArga meM tatpara hai, sthita AtmA hai, jJAna sampanna hai aura jo dUsaroM (zrAvakoM-gRhasthoM) ke dvArA die gae AhAra Adi kA sevana karatA hai, vaha bhikSu hai| (4) nirgrantha : nirgrantha meM bhikSu ke guNoM ke sAtha-sAtha jina aura anya guNoM ko honA cAhie ve guNa haiM- rAgadveSa se rahita honA, AtmA keekatva kA jJAna honA, vastu ke yathArthasvarUpakAparijJAtA honA mukhya hai aura jo prabuddha evaM jAgRta hai, jisane AsravadvAroM ke srota ko banda kara diyA hai, jo susaMyata hai, pAMca samitiyoM se yukta hai, zatru-mitra para samabhAva rakhatA hai, jo AtmA ke sacce svarUpa kA jJAtA hai, jo samasta padArthoM ke svarUpa kA jJAtA hai, jisane saMsAra ke srota arthAt zubha-azubha karmoM ke AsravoM ko chinna-bhinna kara DAlA hai, jo pUjA-satkAra aura lAbha kI AkAMkSA nahIM karatA, jo dharmArthI hai, dharmajJa hai aura niyAga arthAt mokSamArga ko svIkAra kie hue hai, abhiprAya yaha hai ki jo samatA se yukta hokara mokSamArga meM vicaraNa karane vAlA hai, dAnta hai, mokSa ke yogya hai evaM kAyotsarga kie hue hai, vahI nirgrantha sAdhu hai| ettha vi samaNe aNissie aNidANe AdANaM ca ativAyaM ca musAvAyaM ca bahiddhaMca kohaMcamANaMcamAyaMcalohaMcapajjaMcadosaMca,icceva jato-jatoAdANNAo appaNo padosaheUtatotatoAdANAopuvvaM paDivirate siAdaMtedavie bosaTThakAe samaNetivacce / sUyagar3o- 1, sU 16.4 2. ettha vi bhikkha- aNuNNate NAvaNate daMte davie vosaTThakAe saMvidhuNIya virUvarUve parIsahovasagge ajphappa jogasuddhAdANe uvaTThie ThiappA saMkhAe paradatta bhoI bhikkhUtti vacce / vahI, 16.5 ettha vi NiggaMtha-ege egavidUbuddhe saMchiNNasoe susaMjae, susabhie, susAmAie, AtappavAdapatte viU duhao vi soyapalicchiNNe No pUyA-sakkAralAbhaTThI dhamaTThI dhammaviU NiyAgapaDivaNNe samiyaM care daMte davie vosaTThakAe niggaMtheti vacce / sUyagar3o- sU0 16.6

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sAdhu parameSThI 195 paMcavidhanirgrantha : nirgrantha pAMca prakAra ke batalAe gae haiN| ye haiM- pulAka, bakuza, kuzIla, nirgrantha aura snAtaka / ' (ka) pulAka: pulAka kA artha hai- malasahita taNDula / isa prakAra pulAka ke samAna kucha doSa sahita arthAt jo uttaraguNoM kI bhAvanA se rahita hoM tathA jinake mUlaguNoM meM bhI kabhI-kabhI doSa laga jAtA ho unako pulAka kahate haiN| (kha) bakuza: bakuza kA artha hai- zabala (citkbraa)|jo mUlaguNoM kA nirdoSa pAlana karate haiM lekina zarIra aura upakaraNoM kI zobhA bar3hAne kI icchA rakhate haiM aura parivAra meM moha rakhate haiN| isa prakAra zabala aticAra doSoM se yukta haiM, unako bakuza kahate hai| (ga) kuzIla : kuzIla ke do bheda haiM- pratisevanAkuzIla aura kaSAyakuzIla / jo upakaraNa tathA zarIra Adi se pUrNa virakta na hoM tathA jo mUla aura uttaraguNoM kA nirdoSa karate hoM lekina jinake uttaraguNoM kI kabhI-kabhI virAdhanA ho jAtI ho unako pratisevanAkuzIla kahate hai| anya kaSAyoM kojIta lene ke kAraNa jinake kevala saMjvalanakaSAya'kA hI udaya ho ve kaSAyakuzIla kahalAte haiN| (gha) nirgrantha : jisa prakAra jala meM lakar3I kI rekhA aprakaTa rahatI hai usI prakAra jinake karmoM kA udaya aprakaTa ho aura jinako antarmuhUrta meM kevalajJAna utpanna hone vAlA ho unako nirgrantha kahate haiN| (Ga) snAtaka : ghAtiyA karmoM kA nAza karane vAle kevalI bhagavAn ko snAtaka kahate haiN|' isa prakAra cAritrake tAratamya ke kAraNa nirgrantha ke pAMcabheda hai| tAttvika dRSTi se nirgrantha vahI hai jisameM rAgadveSa kI gAMTha (granthi) bilkula na ho, parantu 1. pulAkabakuzakuzIlanirgranthasnAtakA nirgranthAH / / ta0 sU06.48 2. krodha, mAna, mAyAaura lobhaye pratyeka kaSAyaanantAnubandhI, apratyAkhyAna,pratyAkhyAna aura saMjvalana ke rUpa meM cAra-cAra prakAra ke hote hai / jo kaSAya saMyama ke sAtha bhI rahatI hai lekina jisake udaya se yathAkhyAtacaritra nahIM ho sakatA vaha saMjvalana kaSAya hai| de0- ta0vR0 8.6, pR0267 3. vahI, 6.46

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196 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI apUrNa hote hue bhI jo tAttvika nirgranthatA kA abhilASI ho- bhaviSya meM vaisI hI sthiti prApta karanA cAhatA ho use bhI vyavahArika dRSTi se nirgrantha hI kahA jAtA hai| ataH pAMca prakAra ke nirgrantha batalAe gae haiN| . (ga) sAdhu kI pAtratA : sAdhu-jIvana kA pAlana karanA bar3A kaThina hai| isa vrata ko dhAraNa kara lene para vyakti ko aneka parISahoM evaM upasargoM ko sahana karanA par3atA hai tathA cAritra kI pavitratA kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhanA par3atA hai| ataH sAdhu jIvana meM praveza pAne vAloM se kucha vaiziSTya kIapekSA kI jAtI hai| isI kAraNa se kucha vyaktiyoM ko sAdhu banane ke adhikAra se vaMcita rakhA gayA hai- jo ATha varSa se kama Ayu vAlA ho', atyanta vRddha ho, napuMsaka ho, klIva ho, jar3a ho, vyAdhi rogagrasta ho, cora ho, rAjya yA zAsaka kA aparAdhI ho, unmatta yA pAgala ho, andhA ho, dAsI se utpanna yA mola liyA huA ho, atyadhika kaSAyagrasta ho, (duSTa) sneha yA ajJAna se vastujJAnarahita ho (mUr3ha), RNI ho, jAti, karma yA zarIra se dUSita ho (juMgita), dhana Adi ke lobha se dIkSA lene vAlA ho (avabaddha), avadhi sahita rakhA huA ho (bhRtaka), mAtA-pitA kI AjJA ke binA AyA huA yA apahRta ho (niSpheTikA), strI sagarbhA ho athavA usakA bAlaka stanapAna karatA ho to aisI sthiti meM kisI ko sAdhu athavA sAdhvI kI dIkSA nahIM dI jA sakatI hai| (a) sAdhu dIkSA meM kula, jAti evaM kSetra kI viziSTatA : ___ AcArya haribhadra sUri ne sAdhudharma ke yogya athavA adhikArI ke viSaya meM vizada carcA karate hue batalAyA hai kijoArya deza meM utpanna ho, viziSTa anindya jAti- kula-sampanna ho, jisakA karmamala prAyaH kSINa ho cukA ho, nirmala buddhi vAlA ho, saMsAra kI asAratA ko samajhane vAlA ho, vairAgyavAn ho, zAntaprakRti ho, alpakaSAya vAlA ho, jisameM hAsya, rati Adi alpamAtrA meM hoM, kRtajJa ho, vinayavAn ho, pahale se hI bahumAnya ho, droha na karane vAlA ho, 1. no kappaha niggaMthANa vA niggaMthINa vA khuDDagaM vA khuDDiyaM vA aNaTThavA sajAyaM AvaThThAvetae vA saMbhUjitae vA / / vyavahAra sUtra, 10.20 bAle baDaDhe napaMse a.kIvejaDaDe avAhie / teNe rAyAvagAhI ya, unmate ya adaMsaNe / / dAse duDhe ya mUDhe ya aNate, juMgie iya / obaddhae ya bhayae, sehanipheDi yA iya / / je aTThArasa bheyA purissa, tahitthiyAe te ceva / guThviNI sabAlavacchA dunni ime huMti anne vi / / pravacanasAroddhAra, gA0760-62

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sAdhu parameSThI 197 zarIra se apaMga na ho, tyAga dharma ke prati dRr3ha AsthA rakhane vAlA ho, pratijJA pAlana meM aTala aura Atma kalyANa kI icchA se dIkSA lekara guru caraNoM meM samarpita hone ke lie jo tatpara ho, vahI sAdhu-pada grahaNa karane ke yogya hai|' AcArya jinasena ne bhI kahA hai jisakA kula aura gotra vizuddha hai, cAritra uttama hai, mukha sundara hai aura buddhi sanmArga kI ora hai, aisA puruSa hI dIkSA grahaNa karane ke yogya hai|2 / (A) sAdhu-jinamudrA ke yogya trividha varNa : jinamudrA indra Adi ke dvArA pUjanIya hotI hai| ataH dharmAcAryo ko prazasta deza, prazasta vaMza aura prazasta jAti meM utpanna hue brAhmaNa kSatriya aura vaizya ko, jo niSkalaMka hai arthAt brahmahatyA Adi kA aparAdhI nahIM hai tathA use pAlana karane meM samartha hai, jo bAla aura vRddha nahIM hai, use hI sAdhutvA jinamudrA pradAna karanI caahie| ukta kathana ke anusAra sAdhu mudrA ke yogya tIna hI varNa mAne gae haiM-brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura vaizya / zudra ko isakA adhikArI nahIM mAnA gyaa| pitA kI anvaya zuddhi ko kula aura mAtA kI anvaya zuddhi ko jAti kahate haiM arthAt jisakA mAtR kula aura pitR kulazuddha hai, vahI brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura vaizya dIkSA grahaNa kI pAtratA rakhatA haiN| parantu varNa kA nirdhAraNa kisaAdhAra para kiyA jAe? uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM yaha spaSTa rUpa se batalAyA gayA hai ki vyakti karma se brAhmaNa hotA hai, karma se kSatriya hotA hai, karma se vaizya hotA hai tathA karma se hI zudra hotA hai| 1. atha pravrajyAhaH AryadezotpannaH, viziSTajAtikulAnvitaH, kSINaprAyakarmamalaH, tata eva vimalabuddhiH, durlabhaM mAnuSyaM, janmamaraNanimittaM, saMpadazcapalAH viSayA duHkhahetavaH, saMyoge viyogaH pratikSaNaM dAruNo vipAkaH ityavagatasaMsAranairguNyaH, tata eva tadviraktaH, pratanukaSAyaH, alpAhasyAdiH, kRtajJaH, vinItaH, prAgapi rAjAmAtyapaurajanabahumataH, adrohakArI, kalyANAGgaH, zrAddhaH, sthiraH, smupsNpnnshceti| dharmabindu, 4.226 2. vizuddhakulagotrasya savRttasya vpussmtH|| dIkSAyogyatvamAmnAtaM sumukhasya sumedhasaH / / Adi036.158 3. sudezakulajAtyage brAhaNe kSatriye vishi| niSkalaGke kSame sthApyA jinamudrArcitA staam||dhrmaa0 6.88 4. de0 dharmA0, pR0664 5. kammuNA bammaNo hoi, kammuNA hoi khttio| vaisse kammuNA hoi, sudda havai kammuNA / u025.33

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198 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI AcArya jinasena ne bhI kahA hai ki 'jAti, gotra Adi karma zukla dhyAna ke kAraNa haiM | jinameM ve hote haiM ve brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura vaizya kahe jAte haiM, zeSa saba zUdra haiN'|?' ataH brAhmaNa ityAdi koI janmase nahIM hotA, karma se hI hotA hai ataH kula aura jAti kI zuddhi dIkSArthI ke lie Avazyaka haiN| kula aura jAti ke sAtha Aryadeza athavA sudeza kA bhI nideza huA hai| jaina siddhAnta ke anusArabharatakSetra kodobhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai-karmabhUmi aura akrmbhuumi| jinamudrA kA dhAraNa karmabhUmi meM hI hotA hai, akarmabhUmi meM nahIM, kyoMki vahAM dharma-karma kI pravRtti kA abhAva hai| isa taraha sAdhu hone ke lie eka nizcita Atmika yogyatA kA honA Avazyaka hai / usa yogyatA vAle vyakti ke lie hI zramaNatva kI pAtratA siddha hotI hai bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isa viSaya meM kahA hai ki kevala sira muMDAne se koI zramaNa nahIM hotA hai, om kA japa karane se koI brAhmaNa nahIM hotA, araNya meM rahane se koI muni nahIM ho jAtA tathA kuza kA banA cIvara pahanane mAtra se hI koI tapasvI nahIM ho jAtA haiN| balki samabhAva se zramaNa hotA hai, brahmacarya pAlana se brAhmaNa hotA hai, utkRSTa jJAna ke dhAraNa karane se muni hai aura kaThora tapa karane vAlA hI tapasvI hotA hai| inake abhAva meM zeSa bAhyAcAra karanA vyartha hai| yadi koI AvazyakatA hai to vaha hai-mUla saMskAroM meM parivartana kii| munivrata grahaNa kara lene para zeSa jIvana hI parivartita ho jAtA hai pahale kI apekSA vaha adhika gambhIra, pavitra, sulajhA huA, zAnta aura sadguNasampanna ho jAtA hai| yaha parivartana Avazyaka bhI hai| sira kA muNDana to bAhyacAra mAtra hai| isakA honA bhI apekSita hai kintu isase pahale nau aura mAnasika muNDana anivArya haiM ve haiM-zrotra, cakSu, ghrANa, rasanA evaM sparzendriyoM ke viSayoM para rAgadveSa kA nigraha karanA tathA krodha,mAna,mAyA aura lobhako parAjita krnaa| 1. jAti-gotrAdi-karmANi zukladhyAnasya hetavaH / yeSu te syustrayo varNAH zeSAH zUdrAH prakIrtitAH / mahApurANa, 74.463 2. bharatairAvatavidehAH karmabhUmayo'nyatra devakurUttarakurubhyaH / / ta0sU03.16 3. na vi muNDaeNa samaNo na oMkAreNa bmbhnno| na muNI raNNavAseNa kusacIreNa na taavso|| u025.31 4. samayAe samaNo hoi bambhacereNa bmbhnno| nANeNa ya muNI hoi taveNa hoi taavso|| vahI,25.32 5. dasa muMDA paNNattA, ta jahAM sotiMdiyamuMDe, cakkhidiyamuMDe, ghANiMdiyamuMDe, jimiMdiyamuMDe, phAsiMdiyamuMDe, kohamuMDe, mANamuMDe, mAyAmuMDe, lobhamuMDe, sirmuNdde| ThANaM, 10.66

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sAdhu parameSThI 199 ina nau Antarika kusaMskAroM kA muNDana arthAt ina para pahale vijaya pAnA Avazyaka hai| tatpazcAt hI sira ke bAloM kA muNDana karAnA sArthaka hotA hai| aisA mAnasika vijetA hI sacce arthoM meM sAdhupada grahaNa karane ke yogya hotA hai| (gha) sAdhutva kA dhAraNa kisa lie? janma se hI koI sAdhu nahIM hotA aura na hI janma lene ke pazcAt use koI balapUrvaka sAdhu banA sakatA hai balki yaha svecchA se hI sAdhutva ko grahaNa karatA hai| aisI sthiti meM sahaja hI yaha prazna hotA hai ki aisA kauna sA kAraNa vizeSa hai jisase sattva pravrajyA athavA sAdhutva ko aMgIkAra karate haiM ? yaha satya hai ki pratyeka pravRtti ke pIche koI na koI prayojana avazya rahatA hai| manuSya niSprayojana to koI kArya karatA hI nahIM / vizeSataH zramaNatva jaise duSkara kAryoM meM to manuSya kI pravRtti niSprayojana sambhava hI nahIM hai| ataH isake pIche koI vizeSa prayojana abhipreta hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM dIkSA (pravrajyA) grahaNa karane kA kAraNa jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA tathA duHkha batalAyA gayA hai| karmaphala sabhI ko bhoganA par3atA hai, isameM bandhu-bAndhava tathAsagesambandhIAdikoI bhI sahAyatA nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki karma kartA ke hI pIche calatA hai| ataH manuSya sAMsArika sukhoM kA tyAga kara munivrata ko svIkAra karatA hai jise pAkara punaH isa saMsAra meM janma nahIM lenA pdd'taa| samarAiccakahA meM bhI sAMsArika klezaarthAt janma, jarA, maraNa, roga, zoka,saMyogaaura viyogaAdi ke kAraNa hI sampUrNa duHkhoM ke mocaka zramaNatva ko grahaNa karane kAullekha milatA hai| yahAM pravrajyArUpImahAkuThAra se karmataru ko kATakara sabhI prakAra ke bandhanoM se chuTakArA pAnA paraloka meM sahAyaka batalAyA hai| - 1. asAsayaM datu imaM vihAraM, bahuantarAyaM na ya diihmaauN| tamhA gihaMsi na raiM lahAmo, AmantayAmo crissaamumonnN|| u0,14.7 2. na tasya dukkhaM vibhayanti nAio, na mittavaggA na suyA na bndhvaa| ekkA sayaM paccaNu hoi dukkhaM, kattAramevaM aNujAi kammaM / / vahI, 13.23 3. ajjeva dhamma paDivajjayAmo, jahiM pavannA na punnvbhvaamo| aNAgayaM neva ya atthi kiMci, saddhAkhamaMNe viNaittu rAgaM / / vahI, 14.28 4. sama0ka04, pR0337 5. vahI, ka01, pR056.2.pR0127.4.pR246:6.pR0574:7.pR623:8.pR0811-12|

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200 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI (ka) dIkSA : gRhastha Azrama se palAyana nahIM : sAdhu-dharma meM dIkSita honA kyA gRhastha Azrama kI kaThinAiyoM se ghabarA kara palAyana karanA nahIM? nahIM, kAraNa ki eka meM bhaya kI bhAvanA nihita hai to dUsare meM lakSya kA mukha AtmavikAsa kI ora hotA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM AtA bhI hai ki jaba rAjA nami kI dIkSA ke samaya indra unase yaha kahatA hai ki gRhasthAzrama ko tyAga kara sanyAsAzrama kI prArthanA karane kI apekSA yaha uttama hai ki Apa gRhasthAzrama meM hI rahate hue pauSadhavrata meM anurata rahe to rAjA nami isakA pratyuttara dete haiM ki 'jo ajJAnI sAdhaka mahIne-mahIne ke tapa karatA hai aura pAraNA meM kuzAgrapramANa AhAra karatA hai vaha bhI sarvaviratirUpa suvikhyAta dhamra arthAt sanyAsAzrama kI solahavIM kalA ko bhI prApta nahIM kara sktaa| isase spaSTa hai ki dIkSA lenA gRhastha Azrama ke duHkhoM se palAyana nahIM hai| (kha) sAdhu kA ekamAtra dhyeya muktilAbha : AtmA ko duHkhoM se mukta kara ananta aura yathArtha sukha kI prApti karanA hI sAdhu kA dhyeya hai| muni ihaloka kI bhautika samRddhi ke lie, paraloka kI samRddhi ke lie yA prazaMsita hone ke lie AcAra kA pAlana nahIM karate,apitu kevala Atmazuddhi hetu hI ve AcAra kA pAlana karate haiN| pravrajyA ekamAtra AtmA ke lie hI hai| ataH zramaNatva dhAraNa kA mUla uddezya hai-Atmika vikAsa, isI ko mokSa bhI kahA jAtA hai| (ga) dIkSA grahaNa : jo vyakti sAdhupada kI pUrvakathita yogyatAeM rakhatA hai evaM dIkSA lene kA icchuka hai, usake lie nimna bAtoM para bhI dhyAna denA samucita hai(a) mAtA-pitA kI anumati : dIkSArthI ko dIkSA lene se pUrva mAtA-pitA athavA sambandhI-janoM se AjJA lenI caahie| rAjA zreNika ke putra medha kumAra jaba muni banane lagate haiM taba apane mAtA-pitA ko pravrajyA ke mahattva ko samajhAte hue bAra-bAra kahate haiM ki maiMne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmakA pratyakSa zravaNa kiyA hai, vaha mujhe pratIcchita hai tathA abhirucita hai| isalie he mAtA-pitA! maiM Apase nivedana karatA hUM ki Apa mujhe zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa ghara chor3akara anagAra avasthAdhAraNa 1. de0 u0,6.42 2. mAse mAse tu jo bAlo kusaggeNaM tu bhNje| na so suyakkhAyadhammassa kalaM agghai solasiM / / vahI, 6.44 3. de0-daza0 6.4.7 4. attattAe privve| sUyagar3o-1, sU0 3.46 5. gurujnaadynujnyeti| dharmabindu, 4.246, tathA de0-u014.6-7; 16. 10.11, 24,85,86:20.34:21.10

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sAdhu parameSThI 201 karane kI anumati pradAna kreN|' parantu aisA bhI ho sakatA hai ki mAtA-pitAAdianurAgavaza yA kisI anya kAraNa se anumatina bhI pradAna kareM, taba kyA kiyA jAe? isake pratyuttara meM AcArya haribhadra sUri kahate haiM ki dIkSArthI apane sambandhIjanoM ko daHsvapna (gadhA, UMTa,bhaiMsa Adi para baiThanA)Adi batalAe aura apanI prakRti ke viparIta cihnoM kA dikhAvA kre| yadi mAtA-pitA viparIta cihnoM ko na jAne to jyotiSiyoM ke dvArA aisA khlaave| aisA AcaraNa karanA mAtA-pitA ko gokhA denA nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki dharma ke sAdhana meM jo kriyA kI jAtI hai vaha mAyA nahIM hai tathA yaha jo kArya kiyA jAtA hai| donoM ke hita ke lie hI hotA hai / ataH isa prakAra prayAsa kie jAne para ve sahamata ho jAeM to acchA hai, nahIM to dIkSArthI Atma kalyANa ke lie dIkSA le leve| (ba) parivAra evaM sAMsArika viSaya-bhogoM kA tyAga : mAtA-pitA va anya sambandhiyoM kI anumati le lene ke bAda sAdhaka ko mAtA, pitA, bhAI, bahina, patnI evaM putra Adi sabhI kuTumbIjanoM tathA saMsAra ke anya sabhI padArthoM ko mahAmoha utpanna karane vAle samajhakara usI prakAra tyAga denA cAhie jisa prakAra hAthI bandhana ko tor3akara vana meM calA jAtA haiM, sAMpa apanI keMculI kA tyAga kara detA hai, rohita matsya apane jAla kA bhedana karake calA jAtA hai, dhUli kapar3e ko jhaTakakara phaiMka dI jAtI hai tathA jisa prakAra krauMca aura haMsa pakSI jAloM ko kATakara AkAza meM svatantra ur3a jAte haiN| isa prakAra saMsAriyoM ko mamatva evaM viSaya bhogoM meM Asakti kA pUrNataH 1. maesamaNassabhagavao mahAvIrassaaMtieMdhamme nisaMte se viya medhammeicchiyapaDicchiya abhiruie taM icchANi NaM ammayAo! tumahiM abbhaNunnAe samANe samaNassa bhagavAo mahAvIrassa aMtie muMDe bhavittA agArAo ANagAriyaM pvvitte|| jJAtA0 1.26 2. duHsvapnAMdikathanamiti / dharmabindu, 4.251 3. tathA-viparyaliGgaseveti / vahI, 4.252 4. daivajJaistathA tathA nivedanamiti / vahI, 4.253 5. na dharma mAyeti / vahI, 4.254 ubhayahitametaditi / vahI, 4.255 7. jahittu saMgaM ca mahAkilesaM mahantamohaM kasiNaM bhyaavhN| u021.11 nAgovva bandhaNaM chittA appaNo vasahiM ve| vahI, 14.48 8. jahA ya bhoI! taNuyaM bhuyaMgo nimmoyaNiM hicca palei mutto| emeya jAyA payahanti bhoe---- | vahI, 14.34 6. chindittu jAlaM abalaM va rohiyA macchA jahA kAmaguNe pahAya / vahI, 14.35 10. iDhiM vittaM ca mitte ya putta-dAraM ca naayo| reNuyaM va paDe laggaM niddhaNittANa niggo| vahI, 16.87 11. jaheva kuMcA samaikkamantA tayANi jAlANi dalittu hNsaa| __ palenti puttA ya paI ya majjhaM-----|vahI, 14.36

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202 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI tyAga kara denA caahie| (sa) dIkSA guru : dIkSA lete samaya sAmAnyataH dIkSA dene vAle guru kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai| sAdhaka jisake sAnnidhya meM dIkSita hotA hai,vaha usakA dIkSA guru' kahalAtA hai| yadi kisI dIkSArthI ko isa prakAra kA dIkSAguru nahIM bhI milatA hai to vaha isa yogya hone para svayaM bhI dIkSA le sakatA hai aura tatpazcAt anya sAdhakoM kA dIkSAguru banakara unheM bhI sAdhudharbha meM dIkSita kara sakatA hai| rAjakumArI rAjImatI pahale svayaM dIkSita hotI hai phira apane sAtha bahuta se svajanoM tathA parijanoM ko pravrajita karAtI hai| __ dIkSA lene para Ayu kI gaNanA nahIM kI jAtI hai| jo dIkSA meM bar3A hotA hai vahIguru arthAt pUjya hotA hai |ataHdIkSAlene ke pazcAt vaha apane mAtA-pitA ityAdi sabhI kuTumbIjanoM ke dvArA bhI pUjya ho jAtA hai|' (da) dIkSA vidhi : jaba dIkSArthI mAtA-pitA Adi kI anumati prApta kara letA hai tathA mAtA-pitA ityAdi parivAra ke sadasyoM evaM sAMsArika viSayoM ke prati virakta ho jAtA hai taba vaha dIkSA grahaNa ke lie taiyAra samajhA jAtA hai| sabase pahale nAI ko bulavAkara dIkSArthI ke cAra aMgula pramANa bAloM ko chor3akara zeSa saba bAla kaTavA die jAte haiN| mAtA unheM eka bahumUlya vastra meM lekara, gandhodaka se sApha karake, sapheda vastra meM bAdhaMkara eka sundara evaM mUlyavAn Dibbe meM rakha letI hai| usake bAda use uttarAbhimukha vAle siMhAsana para baiThAkara snAna karAyA jAtA hai| punaH candana ityAdi se zarIra para anulepana karake, use sundara vastra pahanAkara, AbhUSaNa evaM puSpamAlAoM se sajAyA jAtA hai| isake bAda use eka sajI huI pAlakI meM baiThAkara nagara ke bIcoM bIca vibhinna prakAra ke vAdya-yantroM kI dhvani ke sAtha zobhAyAtrA meM nikAlA jAtA hai| isa prakAra se jAte hue dIkSArthI ko nagaravAsI vibhinna prakAra se AzIrvAda dete haiM aura usake lie kalyANa siddhi kI kAmanA karate haiM / isa prakAra jAtA huA vaha anta meM kisI udyAna ityAdi meM pahuMca kara pAlakI se nIce utara jAtA hai| 1. liMgaggahaNe tesiM gurutti pavvajjadAyago hodi| pravacanasAra, 3.10 2. sA pavvaiyA santI pavvAvesI tahiM bhuN| sayaNaM pariyaNaM ceva sIlAvantA bahussuyA / / u0 22.32 3. nadharmavRddheSu vayaH smiikssyte| kumArasambhava, 5.16 4. evaM te rAmakesavA dasArA ya bahU jnnaa| ariTThaNemi vandittA aigayA baargaapuri|| u0 22.27

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2. sAdhu parameSThI 203 phira, mAtA-pitA evaM anya sambandhI use guru ke pAsa lekara jAte haiM tathA usakI dIkSA ke lie prArthanA karate haiN| jaba guru mahArAja dIkSA kI anumati de dete haiM to eka tarapha jAkara usake sabhI AbhUSaNa ityAdi utAra die jAte haiM, gRhasthaveza kA parityAga kara muniveza dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| tadanantara dIkSArthI ke dvArA svayaM paMcamuSThi loMca kiyA jAtA hai| / usake bAda guru ke sAmane upasthita hokara 'tikkhutto' pATha ke dvArA tIna bAra AdakSiNA-pradakSiNA karake vidhipUrvaka guru vandanA kI jAtI hai| dIkSArthI ke sAMsArika bhogoM kI nindA karate hue saMyama mArga para ArUr3ha hone ke lie nivedana karane para svayaM guru use pravrajita karate haiN| sabase pahale paMca parameSThIkAnAma (=namaskAramahAmantrako)sunAyA jAtA hai| phira 'icchAkAreNa'1 isa pATha ko paDhakara'tassa uttarIkaraNeNaM pATha ke dvArA kSetra-vizuddhi ke lie kAyotsarga karAyA jAtA hai| punaH 'logassa' pATha sunAkara karemi mante pATha 1. AvassaI icchAkAreNa saMdisaha bhayavaM / devasiyaM paDikkamaNaM ThAemi devasiyanANa-daMsaNa-carita-tava-aiyAra-ciMtavaNaThaM karemikAussagaM / zramaNa pratikamaNa, 1.1 tassauttarIkaraNeNaMpAyacchitakaraNeNaM visohikaraNeNaM visallIkaraNeNaM pAvANaM kammANaM nigghAyaNaTThAe ThAmi kAussagaM annattha asasieNa nIsasieNaM khAsieNaM chIeNaM jamAieNaM uDDueNaM vAyanisaggaNaM bhamalIe pittamucchAe suhumehiM aMgasaMcAlehiM suhumehiM khelasaMcAlehiM suhumehiM diTThisaMcAlehiM evamAiehiM AgArehiM abhaggo avirAhio hojja me kAussaggo jAva arahaMtANaM bhavaMtANaM namokkAreNaM na pAremi tAvakAyaM ThANeNaM moNeNaM jhANeNaM appANaM vosirAmi / AvassayaM, 5.3 logassa ujjoyagare, dhammatitthayare jinne| arihaMte kitaissaM cauvisaMpi kevlii|| usbhjiyNcvNde,sNbhvmaabhinNdnnNcsumhNc| pauppahaMsupAsaM, jiNaMca caMdappahaM vaMde / / suvihiM ca puSpadaMtaM sIala sijjaMsa vaasupujjNc| vimalamaNaMtaM ca jiNaM,dhamma saMtiMca vNdaami|| kunthuaraMca malliM vaMde muNisuvvayaM nmijinnNc| vadAmi riThenami,pAsaMtaha vddhmaannNc|| evaMmaeamithuA, vihuya-rayamalA phiinn-jrmrnnaa| cauvisaMpijiNavarA, titthyraamepsiiyNtu|| kitiyavaMdiya maejeelogassa uttamA siddhaa| aarogg-bohilaabh,smaahivrmuttmNditu|| caMdesu nimmalayarA,AiccesuahiyaM pyaasyraa| sAgaravaragaMbhIrA, siddhA siddhiM mama disNtu||vhii, 2.1 4. karemibhaMte / sAmAiyaM-savvaM sAvajjaMjogaM paccakkhAmi, jAvajjIvAe tivihaM tiviheNaM-maNeNaM vAyAekAeNaM na karebhina kAravemikaraMtaM pi anna na samaNujANAmi, tassabhaMte paDikkamAmi niMdAmi garihAmi appANaM vosiraami|aavssyN,1.2

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204 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI ko par3hakara use dIkSita kiyA jAtA hai| dIkSA svIkAra kara lene ke pazcAt vaha sAdhaka guru ke dvArA svayaM muNDita kiyA jAtA hai / isake bAda 'namotthuNaM pATha ko do bAra par3havA kara dIkSArthI ko AcAra Adi aMgoM vAle dharma kA upadeza diyA jAtA hai| (Ga) sAdhu ke sattAIsa guNa : sAdhudharma kI pUrvokta yogyatAoM aura vizeSatAoM ko dekhate hue yaha niHsandeha kahA jA sakatA hai ki veSa, jAti, vaya aura zarIraAdimAtra se koI bhI vyakti sAdhu nahIM kahalA sakatA, sAdhu kI pahacAna guNoM se hI ho sakatI hai tathA guNoM ke dhAraNa karane se hI sAdhujana vizva ke prANiyoM kA uddhAra kara sakate haiM / ataH tIrthaMkara bhagavAn ne sAdhu ke sattAIsa guNa batalAe haiM jo usameM hone Avazyaka haiM1-5 paMca mahAvrata pAlana : sAdhu paMca mahAvratoM kI paccIsabhAvanAoM sahita unakA pUrNatayA pAlana karate haiN| 6-10 paJcendriya nigraha : sAdhu zrotraityAdi pAMcoM indriyoM kA nigraha karate haiM-unake apane-apane 1. namotthuNaM arahaMtANaM bhagavaMtANaM AigarANaM titthayarANaM sahasaM buddhANaM purisottamANaM purisasIhANaM purisavarapuMDarIyANaM purisavaragaMdhahatthINaM loguttamANaM loganAhANaM logahiyANaM logapaIvANaM logapajjoyagarANaM abhayadayANaM cakkhudayANaM maggadayANaM saraNadayANaM jIvadayANaM bohidayANaMdhammadayANaMdhammadesayANaMdhammanAyagANa dhammasArahINaM dhammavaracAuraMta cakkavaTTINa dIvo tANaM saraNa gaI paiTThAappaDi-hayavaranANadaMsaNadharANaM viaTTachaumANaM jiNANaM jAvayANaM tiNNANaM tArayANaM buddhANaM bohayANaM muttANaM moyagANaM savvaNUNaMsavvadarisINaM sivamayalAmarUyamaNaMtamakkhayamavvAbAha mapuNarAvattayaM siddhigainAmadheya ThANaM saMpattANaM namo jiNANa jiyabhayANaM / AvassayaM, 6.11 2. vistRta adhyayana ke lie de0-jJAtA, megha kumAra ke dIkSotsava kA nirUpaNa, pR0 378.-442 3. sattAvIsaM aNagAraguNA paNNattA, taM jahA pANAtivAyaveramaNe, musAvAyaveramaNe,AdiNNadAnaveramaNe, mehuNAoveramaNe, pariggAho veramaNe, soiMdiyaniggahe, cakkhiMdiyaniggahe, dhANiMdiyaniggahe, jibhiMdiyaniggahe, phAsiMdiyaniggahe, kohavivege, mANavivege, mavayAvivege, lobhavivege, bhAvasacce karaNasacce, jogasacce, khamA, virAgatA, maNasamAharaNatA, vatisamAharaNatA, kAyasamAharaNatA, NANasaMppaNayA,daMsaNasaMppaNayA, carittasaMppaNayA, veyaNaahiyAsaNayA, mAraNaMtiya ahiyAsaNayA / samavAo, 27.1 vistAra ke lie dekhie-prastuta zodha-prabandha, pariccheda-, pR0 245-153 5. vahI, pR0 137-138

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sAdhu parameSThI 205 viSayoM ke prati sAdhu ko Asakta nahIM hone dete haiN| 11-14 caturvidha kaSAya viveka' : . sAdhu krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ina cAra prakAra ke kaSAyoM ke viSaya meM viveka rakhate haiM, unake vazIbhUta nahIM hote| caturvidha kaSAya ke viSaya meM bhI pUrva meM vistAra se varNana kiyA jA cukA hai| 15- bhAvasatya: antaHkaraNa ke AsravoM ko haTAkara dhyAna ke dvArA bhAvoM ko nirmala karake AtmA kAzuddha bhAvoM se anuprekSaNa karanA,bhAvasatya kahalAtA hai| isase bhAvoM meM satya kI sphuraNA utpanna hotI hai| 16- karaNasatya : sAdhu-sAdhvI ke lie jisa samaya jisa-jisa kriyA ko karane kA zAstra meM vidhAna hai, usa kriyA ko usI samaya zuddha rUpa se zuddha antaHkaraNa se manoyogapUrvaka karanA, karaNa satya hai / upAdhyAya ke guNoM ke prasaMga meM karaNa ke sattara prakAra batalAe gae hai| 17- yogasatya: mana, vacana aura kAyarUpa tIna yogoM kI azubha pravRtti ko rokakara zubha pravRti karanA, yoga satya hai| 18- kSamA : sahanazIla rahanA, arthAt krodha paidA na hone denA aura kabhI krodha A bhI jAe to use viveka tathA namratA se niSphala kara DAlanA, kSamA hai| 19- vairAgya: sAMsArika padArthoM kI nazvaratA ko jAnakara unase rAgadveSa ko samApta karanA, viSayoM se virakta honA hI vairAgya hai| 20-manaHsamAharaNa : ___ sama+AharaNa |sm kA artha samatA, samAna bhAva aura AharaNa kA artha hai- grahaNa krnaa| isa prakAra mana meM samatAbhAva rakhanA, mana ko Agamokta bhAvoM ke cintana meM bhalI-bhAMti lagAe rakhanA hI manaHsamAharaNa hai| mana ke samAharaNa se jIva ekAgratA ko prApta hotA hai jisase sAdhu vividha tattvabodha rUpa jJAna ko prApta kara mithyAdarzana kI nirjarA karatA hai| 1. vahI, pR0 142- 145 2. de0-u0 26.57

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206 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI 21- vacanasamAharaNa : vacana ko svAdhyAya meM bhalI-bhAMti saMlagna rakhanA vacanasamAharaNa hai| vacana samAharaNa se jIva vANI ke viSayabhUta darzana ke vividha prakAroM ko vizuddha evaM vizada karake sulabhatA se bodhi ko prApta karatA hai|' 22- kAyasamAharaNa : kAyA ko saMyama kI zuddha pravRttiyoM meM saMlagna rakhanA hI kAyasamAharaNa hai| kAyA ke samAharaNa se jIva cAritra ke vibhinna prakAroM ko vizuddha karatA hai jisase vaha yathAravyAtacAritra ko prApta hokara ghAtiyA karmoM kA kSaya karatA hai aura tatpazcAt nikhila duHkhoM kA anta kara vaha siddha ho jAtA hai| 23-25 ratnatrayasampannatA : . sAdhujJAna, darzana aura cAritrarUparatnatraya se sampanna hotA hai| ratnatraya kA svarUpa upAdhyAya ke guNoM meM batalAyA jA cukA hai| 26- vedanA adhisahana : zIta, tApa Adi kI vedanA ko samabhAva se sahana karanA hI vedanA adhisahana hai| isase sahanazIlatA kA abhyAsa hotA hai| 27- maraNAntika adhisahana : mRtyu ke samaya Ane vAle kaSToM ko samabhAva se sahana karanA aura aisA vicAra karanA ki ye mere kalyANa ke lie hI haiM, maraNAntika adhisahana hai| isa prakAra sAdhu 27 guNoM ke dhAraka hote haiM. inakA pUrNatayA pAlana karate haiM / parantu digambara paramparA meM sAdhu ke 28 mUlaguNa batalAe gae haiM:1-5 pAMca mahAvrata: sAdhu ahiMsA Adi pAMca mahAvratoM kA pUrNataHpAlana karate haiN| ahiMsA Adi kA varNana pahale kiyA jA cukA hai| 6-10 pAMca samitiyAM sAdhu pAMca samitiyoM kA bhI pAlana karate haiN| AcArya ke guNoM meM isa viSaya para prakAza DAlA jA cukA hai| 1. vahI, 26.58 2. de0-vahI 26.56 3. de0-prastuta zedha prabandha, pariccheda-5, pR0 222-231 4. vadasamididiyarodho locaavssymcelmnnhaannN|| khidisayaNamadaMtavaNaM ThidibhoyaNamegabhattaM ca / / pravacanasAra, 3.8 tathA milAiye- mUlA0 1.2-3

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sAdhu parameSThI 207 11-15 paJcendriya nirodha : sAdhu apanI pAMcoM indriyoM kA nirodha karate haiM, una para vijaya pA lete haiN| 16-21 SaDAvazyaka : sAmAyika, vandana,pratikramaNaAdichahoM SaDAvazyakoM kA pUrva meM samyak pratipAdana kiyA jA cukA hai|' 22- kezaloMca : sira aura dAr3hI ke bAloM ko jo hAthoM se ukhAr3A jAtA hai, vaha loMcakarma kahalAtA hai / vaha utkRSTa, madhyama aura jaghanya ke bheda se tIna prakAra kA hai| inameM do mAsoM ke pUrNa hone para jo loMca kiyA jAtA hai use utkRSTa loMca, tIna mAso ke pUrNa hone para yA unake bIca meM jo loMca kiyA jAtA hai use madhyamaloMca, tathA cAra mAsoM ke pUrNa hone para jo loMca kiyA jAtA hai, use aghanya loMca batalAyA gayA hai| keza-loMca ko pAkSika va cAturmAsika Adi pratikramaNa ke dina upavAsapUrvaka karanA vihita hai| yadyapi bAloM ko keMcI yA ustarA Adi kI sahAyatA se bhI kATA jA sakatA hai, para usameM parAvalambana hai kyoMki unako dInatApUrvaka kisI se mAgaMnA par3egA, parigraharUpahone se unheM apane pAsa bhI nahIM rakhA jA sktaa| bAhya va Abhyantara parigraha kA sarvathA tyAga karane vAle muni kA mArga pUrNatayA svAvalambanarUpa hai| bAloM ke bar3hane para unameM jUM AdisUdra jantu utpanna ho jAte haiM jinake vighAta ko nahIM rokA jA sakatA / bAloM ke bar3hane meM rAgabhAva bhI sambhava hai| isake atirikta loMca karane meM Atmabala aura sahanazIlatA bhI prakaTa hotI hai| ina saba kAraNoM se loMca ko sAdhu ke mUla guNoM meM zAmila kiyA gayA hai| 23- Acelakya: caila nAma vastra kA hai| vastra-yaha camar3A va valkala Adi anya saba kA upalakSaNa hai| isakA yaha abhiprAya huA ki sUtI, rezamI va UnI Adi kisI bhI prakAra ke vastra, camar3e aura vRkSa ke valkala va anya patte Adi kisI se bhI jananendriya ko AcchAdita na karake bAlaka ke samAna nirvikAra rahanA, yaha sAdhu kA Acelakya nAmaka guNa hai| bhUSaNa va vastra se rahita digambara mudrA loka meM pUjya hotI hai| isameM lajjA ko chor3ate hue kisI se na to yAcanA karanI par3atI hai| isa prakAra vaha pUrNatayA svAvalambana kA kAraNa hai jisakI munidharma meM apekSA rahatI hai| 1. de0-prastuta zodha prabandha, pariccheda-4, pR0 167.-166 2. de0-mUlA0vR01.26 3. de0-vahI, 1.30

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208 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI 24. kSitizayana: jahAM para tRNAdi kisI bhI prakAra kA saMstara nahIM hai athavA jisameM saMyama kA vighAta na ho-aise alpasaMstara se jo sahita hai tathA jo pracchanna hai-strI va pazu Adi ke AvAgamana se rahita hai, isa prakAra ke prAsuka bhUmi pradeza meM daNDa (kASTha) yA dhanuSa ke samAna eka karavaTa se sonA, kSitizayana kahalAtA hai|' 25. adantadhAvana : aMgulI, nakha,dAtauna, tRNa va patthara Adise dAMtoM ke maila ko na nikAlanA, yaha adantadhAvana athavA adantagharSaNA nAmaka guNa hai| isake paripAlana se saMyama kI rakSA ke sAtha-sAtha zarIra kI ora se mamatva kA abhAva hotA hai| 26. sthitibhoja : dIvAra va khambe ityAdi ke Azraya ko chor3akara, donoM pAvoM ko barAbara karake aMjalipuTa se donoM hAthoM kIaMguliyoM ko paraspara sambaddha karake sthita rahate hue jo tIna prakAra se vizuddha sthAna (apane pAMvoM kA sthAna, ucchiSTa ke girane kA sthAna aura parosane vAle kA sthAna) meM bhojana grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha sthitibhoja kahalAtA hai | abhiprAya yaha hai ki sAdhu kisI dIvAra Adi kA sahArA na lekara, donoM hAthoM kI aMjali ko hI pAtra banAkara usase isa prakAra AhAra grahaNa karatA hai ki ucchiSTa AhAra nAbhi ke nIce na jA sake / bhojana karate samaya donoM pAMva cAra aMgula ke antara se sama rahane cAhie, anyathA antarAya hotA hai| isa guNaseindriya-saMyamavaprANa-saMyamadonoM kA paripAlana hotA hai| 27. asnAna : snAna kA parityAga karane se yadyapi samasta zarIra jalla, malla aura sveda se AcchAdita rahatA hai, para nirantara dhyAna-adhyayana Adi meM nirata rahane vAle sAdhu kA usa ora dhyAna na jAnA tathA usase ghRNA na karake use svaccha rakhane kA rAgabhAva na rahanA, yaha sAdhu kA asnAna nAmaka guNa hai| isase bhI saMyama kA pAlana hotA hai| jalla sarvAgINa mala kA dyotaka hai| zarIra ke eka deza meM hone vAle maila ko malla aura pasIne ko sveda kahate haiN| 1. de0-mUlA0 vR0 1.32 2. vahI, 1.33 3. vahI, 1.34 4. vahI, 1.31

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sAdhu parameSThI 209 28. ekabhakta: / sUrya ke udaya aura asta gamana kAla meM tIna muhUrtoM ko chor3akara arthAt sUryodaya se tIna muhUrta bAda aura sUryAsta se tIna muhUrta pahale, madhyakAla meM eka,do athavA tIna muhUrtoM meM jo eka bAra yA eka sthAna meM bhojana grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, usakA nAma eka bhakta hai| isake paripAlana se indriyajaya ke sAtha icchA ke nirodharUpa tapa kA bhI lAbha hotA hai|' sAdhu ke ukta 27 guNoM va 28 guNoM meM mukhya bheda nagnatA kA hai, zeSa guNa to milate-julate hI haiM tathA eka dUsare meM samAviSTa ho jAte haiN| digambara paramparA kI yaha spaSTa ghoSaNA hai ki vastradhArI siddhi ko prApta nahIM hotA, bhale hI vaha tIrthaMkara bhI kyoM na ho? nagnatA mokSa kA mArga hai, zeSa saba unmArga haiN| ataH Acelakya ko sAdhu ke mUlaguNoM meM mAnA gayA hai| 6. sAdhu kA AcAra : jainadharma AcArapradhAna hai| AcAra ko cAritra bhI kahA jAtA hai | AcArya kundakunda ne cArittaM khalu dhammo kahakara cAritra ko hI dharma batalAyA hai| cAritra ke do prakAra haiM-eka zrAvakoM kA cAritra tathA dUsarA sAdhuoM kA cAritra / kintu nivRttipradhAna jainadharma kA naitika cAritra sAdhuoM kA cAritra hI hai| __ paJca parameSThiyoM meM sabase nIce kA darjA sAdhuoM kA hai| sAdhudharma ke AcaraNa se hI sarvocca parameSThI kA pada prApta hotA hai| prAcIna paramparA ke anusAra yaha vidhAna thA ki sAdhu ko apane zrotAoM ke sammukha sarvaprathama sAdhu dharma kA hI upadeza denA cAhie, zrAvaka dharma kA nahIM, kyoMki ho sakatA hai ki zrotA ucca bhAvanA lekara AyA ho aura zrAvaka dharma ko sunakara vaha usI meM ulajha jaae| purUSArthasiddhayupAya ke Arambha meM AcArya amRtacandrasUri ne isa vidhAna kA nirdeza karate hue likhA hai ki 'jo alpabuddhi upadezaka munidharma kA kathana na karake gRhastha dharma kA upadeza karatA hai, usa upadezaka ko jinAgama meM daNDa kA pAtra kahA hai kyoMki usane krama kA ullaMdhana karake dharma kA upadeza diyA hai aura usase ati utsAhazIla zrotA asthAna meM santuSTa hokara ThagAyA jAtA hai| 1. de0- vahI, 1.35 2. Na vi sijjhai vatthadharo jiNasAsaNe jai vi hoi titthyro| Naggo vimokkhamaggo sesA ummaggayA savve / / suttapAhuDa, gA023 3 pravacanasAra, 1.7 >> tasya bhagavatpravacane pradarzitaM nigrhsthaanm|| akramakathanena yataH protsahamAno'tidUramapi ziSyaH / apade'pi sampratRptaH pratAritaH bhavati tena durmatinA / / puruSArthasiddhayupAya, gA0 18.16

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210 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI ataH jainadharma meM muniyoM kA cAritrahI vastutaHcAritra hai| asamartha zrAvaka bhI isI uddezya se zrAvaka dharma kA pAlana karatA hai ki meM Age calakara sAdhu dharma svIkAra kruuNgaa| sAdhu ke AcAra ko samucita rUpa se jAnane ke lie ise do bhAgoM meM bAMTA jA sakatA hai-(1) sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra aura (2) vizeSa saadhvaacaar| (1) sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra : sAdhu ke dvArA pratidina sAmAnya rUpa se jisa prakAra ke sadAcAra kA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra kahA jAtA hai| isameM nimnokta bAteM zAmila haiM-- mahAvrata pravacanamAtAeM SaDAvazyaka sAmAcArI bAhya upakaraNa (upadhi) vasati yA upAzraya AhAra-khAna pAna inameM se mahAvrata, pravacanamAtAeM evaM SaDAvazyaka kA varNana pahale hI kiyA jA cukA hai| (ka) sAmAcArI: sAmAcArI kA artha hai-sAdhu kA AcAra-vyavahAra yA iti krttvytaa| isa vyApaka paribhASA se sAdhu-jIvana kI dina-rAta kI samasva pravRttiyAM sAmAcArI zabda se vyavahRta ho jAtI haiM | sAmAcArI ke dasamukhya aMga batalAe gae haiM jo nimna prakAra haiM---1 1. AvazyakI: apane Thaharane ke sthAna se bAhara nikalate samaya 'AvassiyaM' arthAt Avazyaka kArya ke lie bAhara jA rahA huuN| aisA kahanA AvazyakI hai / yaha isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki sAdhu kA gamanAgamana prayojanazUnya nahIM hotaa| 1. vistAra ke lie de0 u0 26.2-7

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211 sAdhu parameSThI 2. naiSedhikI : bAhara se upAzraya ke andara Ate samaya nisIhiyaM aisA kahanA naiSedhikI hai| yaha isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki prayojana pUrA hone para sAdhu ko punaH sthita ho jAnA hai| 3. ApRcchanA: guru Adi se apanA kArya karane ke lie pUchanA yAAjJA lenAApRcchanA kahalAtA hai| isase AjJA-adhInatA kI puSTi hotI hai| 4. pratipRcchanA: dUsare ke kArya ke lie guru se pUchanA, anumati lenA pratipRcchanA hai| 5. chandanA: pUrvagrahIta dravyoM ke lie guru Adi ko Amantrita karanA chandanA hai| 6. icchAkAra : / dUsaroM kA kArya apanI sahaja abhiruci se karanA aura apanA kArya karane ke lie dUsaroM ko unakI icchAnukUla vinamra nivedana karanA icchAkAra kahalAtA haiM sAmAnyataH muni ke lie Adeza kI bhASA vihita nahIM hai| pUrva dIkSita sAdhu ko apane se bAda meM dIkSita sAdhu se koI kArya karAnA ho to icchAkAra kA prayoga karanA anivArya hai| 7. mithyAkAra : kisI prakAra kA pramAda ho jAne para usakI nivRtti ke lie Atma-nindA karanA mithyAkAra kahalAtA hai| isase abhiprAya yahI hai ki pramAda ko chipAneM ke lie sAdhu ke mana meM koI Agraha nahIM honA cAhie balki sahaja bhAva se apane pramAda kA prAyazcita kara lenA caahie| 8. tathAkAra : gurujanoM ke vacanoM ko sunakara 'tahatti' arthAt jaise ApakI AjJA aisA kahakara Adeza ko svIkAra kara lenA tathAkAra hai| isase gurujanoM ke prati sammAna pradarzita hotA hai| 9. abhyutthAna : gurujanoM kI pUjA arthAt satkAra ke lie Asana se uTha kara khar3e ho jAnA abhyutthAna kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra se aupacArika vinaya kA pAlana hotA hai|

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212 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI 10. upasampadA: viziSTa jJAna Adi kI prApti ke lie dUsare AcArya ke pAsa jAnA upasampadA hai| __ apane gaNa meM jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kA vizeSa prazikSaNa dene vAlA koI na ho, usa samaya apane AcArya kI anumati prApta kara sAdhu kisI dUsare gaNa ke bahuzruta AcArya kI sannidhi prApta kara sakatA hai / lekina akAraNa hI gaNa parivartana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| _ 'uttarAdhyayanasUtra' meM samAcArI ke dasa aMgoM ke sAtha-sAtha sAdhu ke dina evaM rAta ke sAmAnya kAryoM ke samaya-vibhAga kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| (kha) sAdhu kI dainika evaM rAtrika caryA : jaina muni ke lie samaya kI prAmANikatA para bahuta jora diyA gayA hai| use kisI kArya ke karane meM kSaNa mAtra kA bhI pramAda nahIM karanA cAhie aura jo kArya jisa samaya karane kA ho, use usI samaya kara lenA caahie| sAdhu ko dina evaM rAta ko samAna rUpa se cAra-cAra bhAgoM meM bAMTa lenA cAhie aura yathAnirdiSTa kartavyoM ko samayAnusAra karanA caahie| isa prakAra ke pratyeka bhAga ko paurUSI (= prahara) kahA gayA hai| kAlakrama ke anusAra sAdhu kI caryA isa prakAra hai-dina ke samaya prathama prahara meM svAdhyAya, dUsare meM dhyAna, tIsare meM AhAra, cauthe prahara meM punaH svAdhyAya karanA vihita hai| isI prakAra rAtri ke prathama prahara meM svAdhyAya, dUsare meM dhyAna, tIsare meM sonA aura cauthe prahara meM punaH svAdhyAya karanA apekSita hai| pratilekhanA prathama aura caturtha prahara ke Arambha meM kI jAtI hai | vihAra aura utsarga sAmAnyataH cauthe prahara meM kie jAte haiM, parantu AvazyakatAnusAra 1. bauddhadharma meM upasampadA saMgha kI sadasyatA hetu vidhi vizeSa hai| yaha dIkSA ke uttaravartI / bhAga kA nAma hai| yahAM upasampadA 20 varSa ke dIkSita vyakti ko dI jAtI hai / upasampadA sAdhaka saMgha saMcAlana ke mahattvapUrNa padoM para niyukta kiyA jAtA hai| jisakA uttaradAyitva vaha sAvadhAnI eva saphalatApUrvaka nibhAtA hai| 2. samaya goyama! mA pmaaye| u0 10.1 3. kAle kAlaM smaayre| vahI, 1.31 4. de0- vahI, 26.11, 17 5. vahI, 26.12, 13, 16, 16, 20 6. paDhamaM porisiM sajjhAyaM bIyaM jhANaM jhiyaayii| taiyAe bhikkhAyariyaM puNo cautthIe sjjhaaye|| vahI, 26.12 7. paDhamaM porisiM sajjhAyaM bIyaM jhANaM jhiyaayii| taiyAe niddamokkhaM tu cautthI bhujjo vi sajjhAyaM / / vahI, 26.18 8. de0-vahI, 26.8, 21, 37, 38

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sAdhu parameSThI 213 ye kArya anya samaya meM bhI kie jA sakate haiM / ataH isa viSaya meM spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai| AcArya Adi kI sevA ke lie bhI koI nizcita samaya nahIM hai, jaba AvazyakatA par3e tabhI vaha kI jA sakatI hai| ziSya dina ke prArambha meM hI AcArya se pUche-bhante, Apa mujhe sevA meM niyukta karanA cAhate haiM yA svAdhyAya meM? isa prakAra yadiAcArya AvazyakatA samajhe to sevA kare yA phira svAdhyAya kre| isase spaSTa hai ki sevA ko atyAdhika mahattva prApta hai| yahAM eka bAta dhyAna dene yogya hai ki sAdhu kI isa caryA meM dharmopadeza jo ki atyanta Avazyaka hai, usakA spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai| isake do kAraNa ho sakate haiM-(1) dharmopadeza pratyeka sAdhu kA kArya nahIM hai| isalie sAdhu kI sAmAnya caryA meM usakA ullekha nahIM hai tathA (2) dharmopadeza svAdhyAya kA hI eka aMga hai / ata eva usakA pRthak ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| dhyAna sAdhanA kI dRSTi se atyadhika mahattvapUrNa kArya hai, isI se usake lie do prahara kA samaya nizcita kiyA gayA hai jabaki svAdhyAya ke lie cAra prahara kA samaya nizcita kiyA hai parantu isakA abhiprAya yaha nahIM hai ki dhyAna kI apekSA svAdhyAya adhika mahattvapUrNa hai| sambhavataH isake pIche mUla kAraNa yahI rahA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM likhane kI paramparA nahIM thii| sampUrNa zruta kaNThastha hI hotA thA / ataH yaha Avazyaka thA kiM zrutajJAna kI paramparA ko avicchinna rakhane ke lie svAdhyAya para bala diyA gayA hai| isa taraha yahAM sAdhu kI dainika evaM rAtrika caryA ke sAtha jo dasa aMgoM vAlI sAmAcArI kA varNana kiyA gayA hai vaha sAmAnya apekSA se hI hai kyoMki isameM samayAnusAra parivartana bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| (ga) bAhya upakaraNa yA upadhi : yadyapi jaina sAdhu saba prakAra ke parigraha se rahita hotA hai phira bhI jIvana-nirvAha evaM saMyama pAlana Adi ke lie vaha jina upakaraNoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai unheM upadhi yA upakaraNa kahate haiN| jaina zvetAmbara sAdhu gRhastha se prApta vastraAdi ko pahanate haiM tathA pAtra Adi kucha anya upakaraNa bhI apane pAsa rakhate haiM kintu digambara paramparA ke sAdhu vastra Adi nahIM pahanate haiN| prAcInakAla meM donoM hI prathAoM kA pracalana rahA hai| kezi-gautama gaNadhara saMvAda meM bhagavAna pArzvanAthakI paramparA ke ziSyoM 1. de0u026.6-10 2. vizeSa ke lie de0-kalpasUtra, sAmAcArI prakaraNa

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jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI 214 aura bhagavAna mahAvIra kI paramparA ke ziSyoM meM 'sAntarottara' (vastra sahita)aura 'acela' (vastra rahita) ke bheda ko lekara eka paricarcA huI thii| isameM pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke pradhAna ziSya kezI zramaNa mahAvIra svAmI ke pradhAna ziSya gautama se pUchate haiM ki __ mahAmuni varddhamAna ne jo AcAra-dharma kI vyavasthA kI hai, vaha acelaka hai aura mahAmuni pArzva ne jo yaha AcAradharma kI vyavasthA kI hai, vaha varNa Adi se viziSTa tathA mUlyavAn vastra vAlI hai| jaba hama eka hI uddezya se cale haiM to isabheda kA kyA kAraNa hai? medhAvI, liMga ke ina do prakAroM meM tumheM kaise saMzaya nahIM hotA hai? kezI ke aisA kahane para gautamane isa prakAra kahA-vijJAnadvArA yathocita jAnakara hI dharma ke sAdhanoM-upakaraNoM kI anumati dI gaI hai| logoM ko yaha pratIti ho ki ye sAdhu haiM, isalie nAnA prakAra ke upakaraNoM kI parikalpanA kI gaI hai| jIvana yAtrA ko nibhAnA aura 'maiM sAdhu hUM' aisA dhyAna Ate rahanA, veSa dhAraNa ke isa loka meM ye prayojana haiM / vAstava meM donoM tIrthaMkaroM kA eka hI siddhAnta hai ki mokSa ke vAstavika sAdhana jJAna, darzana aura cAritra hI haiN|' isa saMvAda kA Azaya yahI hai ki vastra sambandhI bheda bhagavAn mahAvIra ne logoM kI badalatI huI sAmAnya pravRtti ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue kiyA hai| logoM kI badalatI huI pravRtti ko batalAte hue likhA hai ki prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhanAtha ke samaya meM manuSya sarala prakRti ke sAtha mUrkha (Rju-jar3a) the| caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM manuSya kuTila prakRti ke sAtha mUrkha (vakrajar3a) the tathA ina donoM tIrthaMkaroM ke madhyakAla arthAt dUsare se lekara teisaveM tIrthaMkara ke kAla meM manuSya sarala prakRti ke sAtha vyutpanna (Rju-prAjJa) the| isase yahI abhiprAya hai ki madhyakAla ke manuSya sarala va vyutpanna hone ke kAraNa dharma ko AsAnI se ThIka-ThIka samajha lete the tathA usameM kutarka Adi na karake yathAvat usakA pAlana bhI karate the| isI kAraNa madhyakAla meM vastra Adi ke niyamoM meM zithilatA dI gaI thI, parantu AdinAtha tathA mahAvIra ke kAla meM vyaktiyoM ke alpajJa hone ke kAraNa yaha socakara ki kahIM ve vastrAdika meM rAgabuddhi na karane lage, isalie vastra Adi ke viSaya meM pratibandha lagA diyA gayA kintu unakI acela vyavasthA ekAntika AgrahapUrNa nahIM thii| gautama ne kezI se jo kahA, usase yaha svayaM siddha hai| jo nimrantha nirvastrarahane meM samarthathe, unake lie pUrNataHacela (nirvastra) 1. de0-u0 23.26-33 2. de0-vahI, 23.26-27

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sAdhu parameSThI 215 rahane kI vyavasthatA thI aura jo nirgrantha vaisA karane meM samartha nahIM the, unake lie sImita artha meM acela (alpamUlya aura zvetavastradhArI) rahane kI vyavasthA thii|bhgvaan pArzva ke ziSya bhagavAn mahAvIra ke tIrtha meM isIliekhapa sake ki unake tIrtha meM sacela aura acela, ina donoM hI vyavasthAoM kI mAnyatA thii| isasacela aura acela ke praznaparahI nirgrantha-saMghazvetAmbara aura digambara-ina do bRhat zAkhAoM meM vibhakta ho gayA / viSNupurANa meM bhI jaina sAdhuoM ke ina donoM rUpoM-nirvastra aura savastra kA ullekha milatA hai| sAdhu ke upakaraNoM ko mukhyataHdobhAgoM meM bAMTA jA sakatA hai-sAmAnya upakaraNa aura vizeSa upkrnn| (a) sAmAnya upakaraNa : jo vastra tathA pAtra Adi sadaiva sAdhu ke upayoga meM Ate rahate haiM ve sAmAnya upakaraNa kahalAte haiM / eka sAdhu ke lie isa prakAra ke caudaha upakaraNa rakhane kA vidhAna hai| ve caudaha upakaraNa haiM1. rajohaNa : jIvoM kI rakSA karane tathA dhUli Adi sApha karane ke lie eka prakAra kI mArjanI hotI hai| ise zvetAmbarI evaM digambarI donoM hI prakAra ke sAdhu rakhate haiN| 2. pAtra (pratigraha) AhAra tathA jala ityAdi lAne evaM rakhane ke lie pAtroM kA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM sAdhu ke lie eSaNIya pAtroM kI yAcanA karane ke vidhAna kA ullekha hai| 3. vastra: sAdhu sAdhAraNa koTi ke vastra pahanate haiM jinake prati unakA mamatva nahIM hotaa| AcArAMgasUtra meM nirvastra', eka vastradhArI5 dvivastradhArI evaM 1. digvAsasAmayaM dharmo,dharmo'yaM bahuvAsasAm / viSNu purANa 3.18.10 2. atra 'rathaharaNaM paDiggahaM ca ityupalakSaNamanyeSAmapi sAdhUpakaraNAnAM tathA hi-3 zaTakatrayam,4. caulapaTakaH,5.AsanaM.6.sadorakamukhavastrikA,7. pramArjikA, 10pAtrANAmaJcalatrayam, 11. bhikSAdhAnI, 12. maNDalakavastram, 13 dorakasahitaM rajoharaNadaNDAvarakavastraM niSadyA' iti prasiddhaM, 14.dhAvanajalAdigAlanavastrama ityaadi| jJAtA0gAnTI0, 1.32, pR0380-81 3. de0-AyAro, 2.5. 112 4. de0 vahI, 8.7. 112 5. vahI, 8.6.85 6. vahI, 8.5.62

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216 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI trivastradhArI' nirgranthoM kA ullekha hai| isa prakAra kA vidhAna grISma ityAdi RtuoM ke anusAra hai| jo bhikSu tIna vastra rakhane vAlA hai use cauthe vastra kI kAmanA nahIM karanI caahie| jo vastra use kalpya haiM unhIM kI kAmanA karanI caahie| kalpya vastra jaise bhI mileM, unheM binA kisI prakAra kA saMskAra kie dhAraNa kara lenA caahie| isIprakAra kA vidhAna dvivastradhArI evaMeka vastra pArI ke lie bhI hai| bhikSuNI ke lie cAra vastra-saMghATiyAM rakhane kA vidhAna hai jinakA nAma isa prakAra hai-eka do hAtha kI, do tIna-tIna hAtha kI aura eka cAra hAtha kii| do hAtha kI saMghATI upAzraya meM pahanane ke lie, tIna-tIna hAtha kI do saMghATiyoM meM se eka bhikSAcaryA ke samaya pahanane ke lie hotI hai tathA dUsarI zauca jAne ke samaya pahanane ke lie hotI hai| cAra hAtha kI saMghATI samavasaraNa (dharmasabhA) meM sArA zarIra Dhakane ke lie hotI hai| yahAM bhikSuNiyoM ke lie jina cAra vastroM ke dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna batalAyA gayA hai unakA saMdhATI (sAr3I athavA cAdara) zabda se hI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| TIkAkAroM ne bhI inakA upayoga zarIra para lapeTane athavA or3hane ke rUpa meM hI batAyA hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki ina cAroM vastroMkA upayoga vibhinna avasaroM para or3hane ke rUpa meM karanA abhISTa hai, pahanane ke rUpa meM nhiiN| ataH unheM sAdhviyoM ke uttarIya vastra ke rUpa meM hI samajhanA cAhie, unameM antarIyavastra (lahaMgA yA dhotI) kA samAveza nahIM hotaa| 4. caulapaTaka : kSulla hotA hai-choTA / prAkRta meM kSulla ko culla ho jAtA hai aura usase caula bana gayA hai| paTaka se abhiprAya hai-vastra / ataH yaha eka aisA choTA vastra hotA hai jo ghuTanoM taka pahanA jAtA haiN| 5. Asana: baiThane ke lie kapar3e bane hue Asana kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| 6. sadorakamukhavastrikA : yaha eka zveta kapar3e kI paTTI hotI hai jise jaina zvetAmbara sAdhuhamezA mukha para bAMdhe rahate haiN| isase sUkSma jIvoM kI hiMsA Tala jAtI hai| 1. vahI, 8.4.43 2. vahI, 8.4.43.46 3. vahI, 8.5.62-65 4. vahI, 8.6.85-88 5 de0-(mehatA), jaina-dharma-darzana, pR0 523-24

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sAdhu parameSThI 7. pramArjikA: yaha pAMva sApha karane ke lie eka vastra kA Tukar3A hotA hai| 8-10. tIna pAtroM ke tIna aMcala : eka sAdhu adhika se adhika tIna hI pAtra rakha sakatA hai| una pAtroM ke lie tIna vastrAMcala rakhe jAte haiN| 11. bhikSAdhAnI: yaha eka prakAra kA vastra se banAyA huAthailA hotA hai jisameM bhikSA lene ke lie pAtra rakhe jAte haiN| 12. mANDalaka vastra: jisa vastra para sAdhu-maNDalI bhojana karatI hai vaha mANDalaka vastra kahalAtA hai| 13. rajoharaNa daNDAvaraka vastra : yaharajoharaNa kI DaMDI ke Upara lapeTA jAne vAlA vastra hotA hai jisake Upara eka DorI bhI baMdhI hotI hai| ise 'niSadyA' bhI kahA jAtA hai| 14. tANDulAdika jala ko chAnane kA vastra : sAdhu ke lie sAdhAraNa evaM nIrasa bhojana kA vidhAna hai jisameM kAMjIkA pAnI tathA jau kA pAnI bhI zAmila hai| isa prakAra ke pAnI ko vastra se chAnakara pIte haiN| (a) vizeSa upakaraNa: sAdhuoM ke pAsa kucha aise upakaraNa bhI hote haiM jo kisI vizeSa avasara para grahaNa kie jAte haiM tathA upayoga kie jAne para gRhastha ko vApisa lauTA die jAte haiM, ve vizeSa upakaraNa kahalAte haiM / ye upakaraNa haiM1.pITha: yaha baiThane ke lie eka lakar3I kI banI huI caukI hotI hai| 2. phalaka : yaha eka lakar3I kA pATA hotA hai jo sone ke lie prayoga kiyA jAtA 3. saMstAraka : yaha ghAsa, tRNa ityAdi se banAyA gayA Asana (bistara) hotA hai| 1. sIyaM ca sovIra-javodagaM ca / u0 15.13

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218 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI 4.zayyA : Thaharane ke sthAna ko zayyA athavA upAzraya kahate haiN| (i) digambara sAdhu ke upakaraNa : upakaraNoM ke viSaya meM jahAM taka digambara sAdhu kA prazna hai, usakI AvazyakatAeM atyanta sImita ho jAtI haiN| nagnatA ke kAraNa use kisI bhI prakAra ke vastra kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI hai| pANipAtrabhojI hone se use kisI pAtra kI bhI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI hai| vaha zauca ke lie eka kamaNDalu aura jIva rakSA ke lie eka mayUrapicchikA rakhatA hai| zayana karane ke lie prAyaH bhUmi, zilA, lakar3I kA takhtA yA ghAsa kA hI prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| isake atirikta sAdhu kI aura koI upadhi nahIM hotii| isa taraha digambara sAdhu kI kevala tIna hI upadhiyAM batalAyI gaI haiM. jJAnopadhi pustakaAdi,2.saMyamopadhi-picchikA Adi,tathA3.zaucopadhi-kamaNDalu aadi| (u) vismRta yA patita upakaraNa kA vidhAna : sAdhu AhAra ke lie gRhasthoM ke gharoM meM jAte haiM, uccAra-prazravaNa ke lie bAhara jAte haiM tathA vihAra karate hue eka gAMva se dUsare gAMva vicaraNa karate haiM / usa samaya koI upakaraNa gira sakatA hai yAbhUlA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra ke upakaraNa ko yadi koI sAdharmika dekhe to-jisakA yaha upakaraNa hai, use de dUMgA' isa bhAvanA se usa upakaraNa ko lekara Ae aura jahAM kisI sAdhuko dekhe vahAM isa prakAra kahe ki he Arya! kyA tuma isa upakaraNa ko pahacAnate ho ? yadi vaha use pahacAna letA hai to usa upakaraNa ko use de deve aura yadi vaha nahIM pahacAnatA hai to use na svayaM rakhe aura na kisI anya ko deve balki ekAnta prAsuka bhUmi para upakaraNa ko chor3a de| (gha) vasati yA upAzraya : __ sAdhu ke Thaharane ke sthAna ko vasati yA upAzraya kahate haiN| isa sthAna ke lie 'zayyA' zabda kA bhI prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| zayyAse abhiprAya hai-jahAM para leTane ke lie bistara bichAyA jA ske| upAzraya kaisA ho? sAdhu ke Thaharane ke sthAna ke viSaya meM uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM nimnalikhita saMketa milate haiM - 1 NiccelapANipattaM uvailaiM parama jiNavariMdehiM / suttapAhuDa gA010 2. de0-mUlA0vR0 1.14 3. de0-vyavahAra sUtra,8.13-15 4. bANArasIe bahiyA ujjANaMmi mnnorme| phAsue sejjasaMthAre taththa vaasmuvaage|| u0 25.3

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sAdhu parameSThI 219 1. aramaNIya upAzraya : aramaNIya arthAt jo ramaNIya evaM susajjita na ho / jo sthAna mana ko lubhAne vAlA hai, citroM se suzobhita hai,puSpamAlA evaM, sugandhita dravyoM se suvAsita hai, sundara vastroM se susajji hai, sundara daravAje evaM kivAr3oM se yukta hai, vaha sAdhu ke nivAsa yogya nahIM hai kyoMki aise sthAna meM rahane se kAmarAga bar3hatA hai jisase indriyanirodha duSkara ho jAtA hai|' 2. asaMkIrNa upAzraya : asaMkIrNa arthAt jo strI, pazu Adi se saMkIrNa na ho| strI, pazu-pakSI Adi se saMkIrNa sthAna meM rahane para unakI kAmaceSTAeM dekhane va sunane se mAnasika vikAra utpanna hote hai jisase brahmacaryavrata ke pAlana meM kaThinAI hotI hai| ataH sAdhu ko aise sthAna para ThaharanA cAhie jo strI, pazu Adi ke AvAgamana se rahita ho| 3. jIvotpattisambhAvanA rahita : sAdhu ke Thaharane kA sthAna va vasati jIvAdise utpanna hone kI saMbhAvanA se rahita honA caahie| yadi sAdhu aise sthAna para rahatA hai jahAM kSudra jIvoM ke utpanna hone kI saMbhAvanA hai to vahAM ahiMsA mahAvrata ke pAlana meM bAdhA A sakatI hai| ataH jIvAdi ke utpanna hone kI saMbhAvanA se rahita prAsuka sthAna hI sAdhu ke Thaharane ke yogya hotA hai| 4. alipta upAzraya : alipta se tAtparya hai ki jo upAzraya gobarAdi se upalipta na ho tathA bIjAdirahita ho| jo sthAna sAdhu ke lie lIpa-pota kara taiyAra kiyA gayA hai tathA jo aMkurotpAdaka bIjoM se yukta hai, aise sthAna para Thaharane se sAdhu ko hiMsA kA doSa lagatA hai| ataH jo sAdhu ke nimitta se lIpa-potakara sApha na kiyA gayA ho aise hI sthAna para sAdhu ko ThaharanA caahie| 5. ekAntasthala : sAdhu aise sthAna para Thahare jo nagara se bAhara logoM ke ghaniSTha samparka se 1. maNoharaM cittaharaM malladhuveNa vAsiyaM / sakavADaM paNDurulloyaM maNasA vina patthae / / indiyANi u bhikSussa tArisammi uvassae / dukkarAI nivAreuM kAmarAgavivaDDaNe / / vahI. 35.4-5 2. phAsuyammi aNAbAhe itthIti annmiddue| tattha saMkappae vAsaM bhikkhU paramasaMjae / / u0 35.7. tathA de0 vahI, 30.28 phAsUe sijjsNthaare| vahI, 23.4 tathA de0-AyAro, 8.6.106 4. viviktalayaNAi bhaejjatAI nirovalevAiasaMthaDAiM / u0 21.22

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220 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI rahita zmazAna,zUnyagRha, udyAna,latAmaNDapa, vRkSa kA talabhAgaathavA giriguphA ityAdi ekAnta sthala ho' parantu sAdhviyoM ko dharmazAlA, TUTA-phUTA makAna, vRkSamUla aura khule AkAza meM nahIM rahanA cAhie kyoMki aise sthAna para balAtkAra kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai| 6. parakRta sthala : upAzraya aisA ho jo gRhastha ke dvArA apane upayoga ke lie banAyA gayA ho, sAdhu ke nimitta se na banAyA ho / yadi sAdhu ke upayoga ke lie hI banAyA huA ho to gRha-nirmANa ke samaya hone vAlI prANI-hiMsA kA doSa sAdhu para bhI lgegaa| isa prakAra upAzraya meM Thaharate samaya sAdhu ko uparyukta sabhI bAtoM kA dhyAna rakhanA caahie| aisA na karane para usake saMyama-pAlana meM bAdhA A sakatI hai aura vaha kaI prakAra ke pApoM kA hissedAra bhI bana sakatA hai| (Ga) sAdhu kA AhAra : mAnava zarIra ke lie bhojanaeka anivArya tattva hai| bhojana se hI indriyAM zakti grahaNa karake apane-apane kArya karane ke sAmarthya ko grahaNa karatI hai| isIlie sAdhu kI dina-caryA meM tRtIya prahara bhojana-pAna ke lie niyata kiyA gayA hai| bhojana ke viSaya meM nimnalikhita bAteM vicAraNIya haiM-- (a) sAdhu ko AhAra grahaNa karane ke chaha kAraNa : sAdhu bala, Ayu, svAda, zarIra kI puSTi aura teja kI prApti ke lie AhAra grahaNa na kare / mokSArthI sAdhu nimnokta chaha kAraNoM se hI AhAra grahaNa kare (1) kSudhA-vedanA kI zAnti ke lie : yadyapisAdhu ke lie kSudhAparISahajaya kA vidhAna hai, parantu isa prakAra kA vidhAna tapa karate samaya athavA nirdoSa AhAra na milane kI avasthA meM hI hai| anyathA kSudhA kI vedanA hone para na to mana zAnta ho sakatA hai aura na hI kisI bhI prakAra kI kriyA ke sampAdana ke lie sAmarthya prApta ho sakatA hai| ataH kSudhA-vedanA kI zAnti ke lie sAdhu ko AhAra grahaNa karanA caahie| 1. susANe sunnagAre vA rukkhamUle va ego| pairikke parakaDe vA vAsaM ttthbhiroye|| u0 35.6 tathA de0-2.20; 18.4; 20.4:25.3 2. de0--bRhatkalpa, 2011-12 3. pairikke parakaDe vA / u0 35.6 4. mUlA0 6.481 5. veyaNa- veyAvacce iriyaTThAe ya sNjmtttthaae| taha pANavattiyAe chaThTha puNa dhmmcintaae|| u0 26.33

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sAdhu parameSThI 221 (2) gurU sevArtha : gurU Adi kI sevA karanA (vaiyAvRttya) eka prakAra kA tapa hai| yadi bhojana kiyA jAe to zarIra meM sAmarthya na hone se gurU-sevA bhI nahIM ho skegii| ataH gurUjanoM kI sevA karane ke lie bhojana grahaNa karanA Avazyaka hai| (3) IryAsamiti ke pAlanArtha : AhAra grahaNa na karane para AMkhoM kI jyoti kSINa ho jAtI hai| aisI sthiti meM gamanAgamana karate samaya IryAsamiti kA pAlana nahIM ho skegaa| ataH IryAsamiti ke samyak paripAlana ke lie sAdhu ko bhojana grahaNa karanA caahie| (4) saMyama pAlanArtha : / vastutaH saMyama ke hone para hI saba prakAra ke vratoM ko dhAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| saMyama kI rakSA bhojana-grahaNa ke binA nahIM ho sakatI hai| ataH sAdhu saMyama kI rakSA ke lie AhAra grahaNa kare | (5) jIvana rakSArtha : jIvana ke rahane para hI saMyama pAlana ho sakatA hai aura bhojana ke binA jIvana bhI nahIM cala sakatA / ataH sAdhu jIvana-yApana ke lie bhikSA lete haiN|' (6) dharma cintanArtha : dharmazAstroM kA adhyayana, manana, cintana AdidhArmika kriyAoM ko karane ke lie zarIra kA susthira honA Avazyaka hai / aisA tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba bhUkha pyAsa Adi kI vedanA na ho| ataH dhArmika kriyAoM ke saMpAdana ke lie bhI AhAra grahaNa karanA Avazyaka hai| isa prakAra sAdhu ukta chaha kAraNoM se hI bhojana grahaNa kare / ina sabake mUla meM saMyama kA pAlana karanA hI mukhya kAraNa hai| (A) sAdhu ko AhAra grahaNa na karane ke chaha kAraNa : uparyukta bhojana grahaNa karane ke chaha kAraNoM ke rahate hue bhI yadi nimnalikhita chaha kAraNoM meM se koI eka bhI kAraNa upasthita ho jAe to sAdhu ko bhojana kA tyAga kara denA caahie| use punaH taba taka bhojana grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhie jaba taka vaha AhAra grahaNa na karane kA kAraNa dUra na ho jaae| AhAra grahaNa na karane ke kAraNa haiM-- 1. de0-daza0 6.3.4 2. Ayake uvasagge titikkhayA bmbhedguttiisu| pANidayA tavaheuM sriir-voccheynntttthaae|| u0 26.35

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222 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI 1. bhayaMkara roga ho jAne para : kisI asAdhya roga ke ho jAne para AhAra tyAga denA cAhie / sAdhu ko to roga Adi kI zAnti ke lie auSadhi-sevana kA bhI niSedha hai taba bhalA phira aisI avasthA meM AhAra grahaNa karane kI anumati kaise dI jA sakatI hai| 2. Akasmika saMkaTa (upasarga) ke A jAne para : Akasmika kisI deva, manuSya, tiryaJca aura acetanakRta upasarga ke upasthita hone para sAdhu ko saba prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga kara denA caahie| 3. brahmacaryavrata rakSArtha : yadi indriyAM bhojana se pradIpta hokara kAma-bhAva kI ora unmukha hotI haiM to taba taka ke lie bhojana kA tyAga kara denA cAhie jaba taka ki indriyAM saMyamita na ho jAeM / AtmasaMyama ke binA brahmacarya kI rakSA nahIM ho sktii| 4. jIva rakSArtha : yadi bhojana grahaNa karane se ahiMsA vrata meM bAdhA AtI hai to bhojana grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhie / varSAkAla meM kaI bAra isa prakAra kI sthiti utpanna ho jAtI hai, usa samaya bhojana nahIM lenA caahie| 5. tapa karane ke lie: bAraha tapoM meM anazana eka tapa hai / usa tapa ke lie bhojana kA tyAga Avazyaka hai / tapa se karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai | ataH tapa karanA bhI anivArya hai| 6. samatApUrvaka jIvana tyAgArthaH ___ vRddhAvasthA meM indriyoM ke viphala hone para athavA mRtyu ke sannikaTa Ane para nirmamatva avasthA kI prApti ke lie saba prakAra ke AhAra ko tyAga denA caahie| (i) sAdhu kA eSaNIya AhAra : bhojana grahaNa karane ke anukUla kAraNoM ke rahate hue bhI sAdhu ke lie sabhI prakAra ke bhojana lene kA vidhAna nahIM hai| sAdhu ke dvArA lene yogya bhojana ke viSaya meM nimna saMketa upalabdha hote haiM1. bahugRhagrahIta bhojana : sAdhu ko bhikSA ke dvArA prApta anna ko hI sevana karane kA vidhAna hai| vaha bhikSAnna bhI kisI eka ghara se athavA apane sambandhIjanoM ke ghara se hI lAyA 1. de0-u0 1578, 16.75

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223 sAdhu parameSThI huA na honA caahie| sAdhusadaiva sAmudAyika bhikSA kare arthAt nimna parivAroM ke gharoM ko chor3akara ucca gharAnoM meM na jaae| 2. parakRta bhojana : jisa bhojana ko gRhastha ne svayaM ke lie taiyAra kiyA ho, sAdhu usI meM se bhojana grahaNa kre| jo bhojana sAdhu ke nimita se banAyA gayA ho, use vaha na le| isa prakAra ke bhojana ko grahaNa karane se bhojana banAte samaya hone vAlI jIva-hiMsA ityAdi kA doSa sAdhu para bhI lagatA hai| 3. avaziSTa bhojana : gRhastha ke bhojana kara cukane ke bAda jo zeSa bacA huA AhAra hai usI meM se sAdhu ko grahaNa karanA caahie| aisA karane se gRhastha bhUkhA bhI nahIM rahatA aura use puna: bhojana bhI nahI pakAnA pdd'taa| 4. akrIta bhojana (anaimittika) sAdhu vahI bhojana le jo gRhastha ne svayaM ke lie taiyAra kiyA hai| sAdhu ke nimitta se kharIda kara lAyA gayA bhojana na le| kAraNa ki sAdhu ke lie atirikta vyaya karane se gRhastha kA mana duHkhI ho sakatA hai| 5. animantrita bhojana : sAdhu gRhastha ke dvArAAmantrita kie jAne para bhikSA na leve kyoMki isa prakAra AhAra lene para pAcana kriyA ke samaya hone vAlI hiMsA kA doSa sAdhu ko bhI lagegA / sAdhu ko sahaja bhAva se binA nimantraNa ke kisI bhI ghara se bhikSA lenI caahie| 6. nIrasa tathA parimita bhojana : sAdhu ko mAtra saMyama pAlana ke lie hI bhojana grahaNa karane kA vidhAna hai, rasanendriya kI santuSTi ke lie nhiiN| ataH sAdhu ko sarasaAhAra kI prApti ke lieadhika nahIM dhUmanA caahie| use jonIrasaAhAra mile usakA tiraskAra samuyANaM uMchamesijjAjahAsuttamaNindiyaM / lAbhAlAbhammi saMtuDhe piNDavAyaM care munnii|| u0 35716 2. samuyANaM care bhikkhU kulaM uccAvayaM syaa| nIyaM kulamaikkamma Usada naabhidhaare|| daza05.2.25 3. phAsuyaM parakaDaM piNDaM paDigAhejja sNje|| u0 1534 4. sesAvasesaM labhaU tavassI / vahI, 12.10 5. uddesiyaM kIyakaDaM niyAgaM na muMcaI kiNciannesnnijj| aggI vivA savvabhakkhI bhavittA io cuo gacchai kaTTu pAbaM / / u020.47 6. vahI, tathA de0-daza0 3.2

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224 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI na karate hue zarIra kI sthiti ke lie parimita bhojana grahaNa karanA caahie|'' sarasa AhAra grahaNa karane se indriyAM kAmAdi bhogoM ke sevana ke lie uddIpta ho jAtI haiM jisase sAdhu pakSiyoM se pIr3ita susvAdu phala vAle vRkSa kI taraha pIr3ita huA saMyama kA pAlana nahIM kara paataa| pramANa se adhika bhojana karane se pracura indhana vAle vana meM utpanna huI dAvAnala kI taraha indriyAgni (=kAmavAsanA) zAnta nahIM hotii| sAdhu ke jIvana-nirvAha ke lie nIrasa AhAra ke viSaya meM Agama meM kucha saMketa milate haiM jaise-svAdahIna tathA ThaNDA bhojana, purAne ur3ada, mUMga, mUMga kA chilakA, zuSka canA, bera kA cUrNa, cAvala Adi kA ubalA huA pAnI, jau kA bhAta evaM zItala kAMjI ityaadi| sAdhu ko isa prakAra nIrasa AhAra grahaNa karanA cAhie, parantu isakA abhiprAya yaha nahIM hai ki vaha ghI, dUdha Adi sarasa AhAra bilkula hI na leN| isakA mAtra abhiprAya yahI hai ki sAdhu sarasa bhojana meM Asakti na rakhe, use gRhastha ke pAsa jaisA bhI sAmAnya AhAra mile, vaha use hI le leve| nIrasa bhojana ko dekhakara usakI upekSA na kare / isIlie sAdhu ko lAbhAlAbha meM hamezA santuSTa rahane ko kahA gayA hai| ___ isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki sAdhu ke lie saba prakAra kA AhAra eSaNIya nahIM hai| sAdhu svAda athavA zarIra-puSTi ke lie AhAra grahaNa nahIM karate balki mAtra jIvana-yApana evaM saMyama-pAlana ke lie hI AhAra grahaNa karate haiM / ve sarasa AhAra meM rUci na rakhate hue jaisA bhI eSaNIya AhAra mile use grahaNa kara lete haiM aura aneSanIya AhAra kA sarvathA tyAga karate haiM! (u) bhikSAcaryA : sAdhu jaba AhAra Adi grahaNa karane ke lie vicaraNa karatA hai, use 1. de0-u02.36, 811 2. rasA pagAmaM na niseviyavvA pAyaM rasA dittikarA nraannN| dittaM ca kAmA samabhiddavanti dumaM jahA sAuphalaM va pkkhii|| vahI, 32.10 3. jahA davaggI paurindhaNe vaNe samAruo novasamaM uvei| evindiyaggI vi pagAmabhoiNo na bambhayArissa hiyAya kassaI / / u032011 4. pantANi ceva sevejjA sIyapiNDaM puraannkummaasN| adu bukkasaM pulAgaM vA javaNaTThAe nisevae maMthu / / vahI, 8.12 AyAnagaM ceva javo daNaM ca sIyaM ca sovIra-javodagaM c| no hilae piNDaM nIrasaM tu pantakulAiM parivae sA mikkhU / / vahI, 15.13 5. lAbhAlAbhammi saMtuDhe piNDavAyaM care munnii| vahI. 35.16

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sAdhu parameSThI 225 bhikSAcaryA kahA jAtA hai / bhikSAcaryA sAdhu kI dinacaryA kA eka mahattvapUrNa aMga hai kyoMki binA bhikSA ke use koI bhI vastu prApta nahIM ho paatii| isIlie tIrthaMkara bhagavAn ne kahA hai ki sAdhu kI sabhI vastueM yAcita hotI haiM, ayAcita kucha bhI nahIM hotaa| ataH jainadarzana meM sAdhu kI bhikSAcaryA kI bhI eka sundara vidhi upalabdha hotI hai| bhikSA ke lie kaba jAe? sabase pahale vicAraNIya viSaya hai ki sAdhu bhikSA ke lie kaba jAe? isakA spaSTa samAdhAna karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jaba bhikSA kA samaya ho kyoMki samaya kA atikramaNa karake bhikSA ke lie jAne vAlA bhikSu nindA, tiraskAra tathA avizvAsa kA pAtra bana sakatA hai| kaise cale? bhikSArthajAtA huA muni asambhrAnta rahe / bhikSAkAla meM bahuta se bhikSAcara bhikSArtha jAte haiM / mana meM aisA bhAva ho sakatA hai ki unake bhikSA lene ke pazcAt mujhe kyA milegA? mana kI aisI dazA se bhikSA ke lie jAte hue zIghratA karanA sambhrAntavRtti hai / aisI dazA meM bhikSu zIghratA karatA huA IryAsamiti kA pAlana nahIM kara paataa| 1. gocarAgra ke lie nikalA huA vyakti dhIme-dhImeM cale, udvegarahita hokara arthAt bhikSA na milane athavA manonukUla bhikSA na milane kI AzaMkA seM vyAkula hotA huA tathA tiraskAra Adi se kSubdha na hotA huA gamana kare / isake sAtha-sAthaavyAkSipta citta se cale,usakI cittavRttizabda Adi viSayoM meM Asakta na ho tathA paira Adi uThAte samaya vaha pUrA upayoga rakhatA huA cle| 2. sAdhu Age yuga-pramANa (cAra hAtha) bhUmi ko dekhatA huA aura bIja, hariyAlI, prANI, jala tathA sajIva miTTI ko TAlatA huA cle| isase sacita vastu ke sparza kA doSa Tala jAtA hai| 3. dUsare mArga ke hote hue gaDDhe, Ubar3a-khAbar3a bhUbhAga, kaTe hue sUkhe per3a yA anAja ke DaMThala aura paMkila mArga ko TAle / saMkrama arthAt jala yA gaDDhe ko pAra karane ke lie kASTha yA pASANa racita pula ke Upara se na jaae| vahAM girane yA lar3akhar3Ane se jIva hiMsA ho sakatI hai| yadi usake atirikta 1. savvaM se jAiyaM hoI natthi kiMci ajAiyaM / u0 2.28 2. saMpatta bhikkhkaalmmi| daza0511 3. asaMbhaMto amucchio| vahIM 4. vahI, 5.12 5. daza05.153

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226 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI aura mArga na ho to sAdhu pUrNa sAvadhAnI pUrvaka jAe' arthAt isa prakAra jAe jisase ki saMyama kI virAdhanA na ho| 4. saMyamI muni sacita raja se bhare hue pairoM se koyale, rAkha, bhUsai aura gobara ke Upara se hokara na jaae| isase andara chipe hue choTe jIvoM kI hiMsA hone kA bhaya banA rahatA hai| 5. sAdhu ke lie yaha bhI batalAyA gayA hai ki vaha pairoM ko uThAkara girAtA huA arthAt daur3atA huA, tathA baoNlatA aura haMsatA huA bhI na cle| atizIghra calane se IryA samiti kA pAlana nahIM ho pAtA tathA bolate aura haMsate hue calane se isake atirikta pravacana lAghava bhI hotA hai| 6. municalate samaya gavAkSa (Aloka), ghara kA vaha bhAga jisakA nirmANa kisI kAraNavaza punaH kiyA gayA ho (thiggala), do gharoM ke bIca kI galI athavA sendha (sandhi) tathA jalaghara kodhyAnapUrvaka nadekhe-ye saba zaMkA utpanna karane vAle sthAna haiN| ina sthAnoM ko dhyAnapUrvaka dekhane se logoM ko muni para cora tathA pAradArika hone kA sandeha ho sakatA hai| ___ 7.munisaMsaktadRSTi se nadekhe yaha sAmAnya kathana hai| isakA vAcyArtha yaha hai ki mArga meM calate samaya sAdhu va sAdhvI kramazaH strI tathA purUSa kIAMkhoM meM AMkheM gar3Akara na dekheM / isa prakAra dekhane se pahalI bAta to yaha hai ki brahmacarya vrata khaNDita hotA hai tathA dUsare loga yaha AkSepa kara sakate haiM ki yaha sAdhu vikAragrasta hai, asAdhu hai| 8. AhAra Adi ke lie gRhastha ke ghara meM praveza karane ke bAda muni andara kahAM taka jAe? isa viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki muni atibhUmi (gRhastha dvArA ananujJAtabhUmi) meM na jaae| kulabhUmi (kula-maryAdA) ko jAnakara, mitabhUmi' (anujJAta) meM praveza kre| isa prakAra kA vidhAna isalie hai tAki 1. vahI, 5.194-6 . 2. vahI, 5.17 3. vahI, 5.1514 4. vahI, 5.1715 5 asaMsattaM paloejjA / daza0 5.1.23 6. atibhUmiM na gaccheda-anujJAtAM gRhasthaiH, yatrAnye bhikSAcarA na yAntItyarthaH / vahI, hAribhadrIyavRti, pa0 168 7. aibhUmiM na gacchejjA / daza0 5.1.24 8. kevaiyAepuNa pavisiyav?.---jattha tesiM gihatthANaMappattiyaMnabhavai,jatthaaNNevibhikkhAyarA ThAyati / vahI, jinadAsacUrNi, pR0 176 6. mitAM bhUmiM tairanujJAtAM parAkramet / vahI, hAribhadrIya vRtti, pa0 168 10. kulassa bhUmiMjANittA miyaM bhUmiM parakkame / vahI, 5. 1. 24

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sAdhu parameSThI 227 muni ke prati aprIti aura avizvAsa utpanna na ho| 9. bhikSA grahaNa karate samaya muni bhaikSya-padArtha taka hI dRSTiprasAra kara-atidUra na dekhe|' dUra ke konoM ityAdi ko dekhane se usake coraM yA pAradArika hone kI AzaMkA ho sakatI hai| __10. utphulla arthAt autsukyapUrNa dRSTi se nadekheM kyoMki strI athavA ghara ke sAmAna ko isa prakAra dekhane se muni ke prati laghutA kA bhAva utpanna ho sakatA hai| loga yaha soca sakate haiM ki muni vAsanAgrasta hai| 11.bhikSA ke lie gayA huA muni kahIM na baiThe, khar3A rahakara bhI kathA kA prabandha na kre| gRhasthoM ke pAsa baiThane yA khar3e-khar3e bAta karane para bhI muni gRhastha-sambandhI vyartha kI jAnakArI meM par3a jAtA hai, isase usa prakAra ke kAryoM meM Asakti bar3hatI hai aura bhikSAcaryA ke samaya kA bhI atikramaNa ho sakatA hai| 12.bhakta-pAna ke lie gharoM meM jAte hue muni kisI anya zramaNa, brAhmaNa yA vanIpaka ityAdi ko lAMghakara ghara meM praveza na kare / aisA karane para usa zramaNa Adi ko yA gRhastha ko athavA donoM ko nArAjagI ho sakatI hai tathA isase jaina zAsana kI laghutA bhI prakaTa hotI hai|' 13. gRhapati kIAjJA lie binAprAvAra se AcchAdita dvAra ko kholakara bhI use bhojana lene ke lie andara nahIM jAnA caahie| aisA karane para vaha apriya lagatA hai tathA avizvAsa kA pAtra bhI bana sakatA hai| ___ 14. muni isa bAta kA bhIdhyAna rakhe ki yadi varSA ho rahI ho, kuharA gira rahA ho, joradAra havA cala rahI ho yA mArga meM tiryak sampAtima jIva chA rahe hoM to bhikSA lene na jaae| isa prakAra ke mausama meM bAhara jAne se dhUla Adi AMkhoM meM gira sakatI hai tathA prANi-hiMsA kA doSa bhI ho sakatA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bhikSArtha jAne ke lie dUrI kA bhI saMketa milatA hai| sAmAnyataH usI gAMva meM bhikSArtha jAyA jAtA hai parantu AvazyakatA par3ane 1. nAidUrAvaloyae / vahI, 5.1.23 2. utphullaM na viNijjhAe / vahI 3. daza052.8 4. vahI. 5.2.10-12 5. vahI,5.118 6. jo jIva tirache ur3ate haiM ve tiryak sampAtima jIva kahalAte haiM, jaise bhramara, kITa, pataMga aadi| de0-vahI, TippaNa, 5.1938 7. vahI, 5.1.8

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228 * jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI para dUsare gAMva meM bhI AdhA yojana kI dUrI taka jAyA jA sakatA hai|' isa prakAra bhikSArtha jAte samaya muni ko kaI prakAra kI sAvadhAniyAM rakhanI par3atI hai jinake abhAva meM saMyama kI virAdhanA to hotI hI hai sAtha hI vaha samAja kI dRSTi se gira jAtA hai, apamAnita hotA hai| kaisI bhikSA grAhya hai? ___ sAdhu dUra se usake sammukha lAyA huA bhojana na leve| yadi koI bhojana Adi ko girAte hue bhikSA de to use bhI grahaNa na kare / prANi, bIja aura hariyAlI ko kucalate hue yadibhojana diyA jAe athavA sacita kA saMghaTTana kara diyA jAe taba bhI AhAra grahaNa varjita hai| garbhavatI strI ke lie vizeSa rUpa se banAyA huA bhojana bhI use nahIM lenA cAhie, yadi aisI strI ke khAne se bacA huA bhojana hai to vaha AhAra liyA jA sakatA hai| bAlaka yA bAlikA ko stanapAna karAtI huI strI yadi use rote hue chor3akara bhikSA deve taba vaha bhI grAhya nahIM hai kAraNa ki isase bAlaka ko kaSTa hotA hai jisase muni ko hiMsA kA doSa lagatA hai| sAdhu ko dAna, puNya athavA bhikhAriyoM ke nimitta banAyA huA bhojana nahIM lenA caahie| use mAlApahRta bhojana bhI nahIM lenA caahie| mAlApahRta bhojana tIna prakAra kA hotA hai-1.Upara se utArA huA,2.bhUmigRha (tahakhAnA) se lAyA huA,3. tirache bartana yA koThe Adi se jhukakara nikAlA huaa| aisA bhojana lete hue jIva hiMsA ho sakatI hai tathA dAtA ko coTa bhI laga sakatI hai| puSpa, bIja aura hariyAlI se unmizra tathA pAnI yA agni para rakhA huA bhojana bhI nahIM lenA caahie| cUlhe meM Indhana DAlakara, nikAla kara, cUlhe ko sulagA kara yA bujhA kara bhikSA dI jAe taba bhI nahIM lenI cAhie |agni para rakhe hue pAtra se nikAla kara, chIMTA dekara, cUlhe para rakhe pAtra ko Ter3hA kara athavA nIce utAra kara diyA jAne vAlA AhAra bhI sAdhu ko nahIM lenA caahie| ina sabhI meM sacita ke sevana kA doSa lagatA hai| 1. paramaddhajoyaNAo vihAraM viharae munnii| u0 26.36 2. daza0 3.2 3. vahI, 5.1.28 4. vahI. 5.1.26-31 5. vahI. 5.1.36 6. vahI, 5.1.42 7. vahI, 5.1.47-52 8. vahI, 5.1.67-66 6. de0-daza0.TippaNaM, 5.1.177 10. vahI, :.1.57-64

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sAdhu parameSThI 229 jisameM khAne kA bhAgathor3A ho aura phaiMkanA adhika par3e aisA padArtha bhI na leve / ' pAnI ko cakha kara hI le, adhika khaTTA pAnI nahIM lenA caahie| Agama-racanA kAla meM sAdhuoM ko yavodaka, tuSodaka, sauvIra evaM AranAla Adi amla jala hI adhika mAtrA meM prApta hote the | adhika dera taka rakhane para ve jala aura adhika amla (khaTTA) ho jAte the| durgandha bhI paidA ho jAtI thI aura vaise jaloM se pyAsa bhI nahIM bujhatI thii| isalie unheM cakha kara lene kA vidhAna hai| AhAra kaise karanA cAhie? sAmAnya vidhi ke anusAra muni gocarI se vApisa Akara upAzraya meM hI bhojana kare kintu jo muni bhikSArtha dUsare gAMva meM gayA ho aura yadi vaha bAlaka, bUr3hA, bubhukSita, tapasvI yA pyAsa se pIr3ita ho taba upAzraya meM Ane se pahale hI kisI pagAsuka koSThaka yA bhittimUla ko dekhakara joki Upara se chAyA huA evaM saMvRta ho, usake svAmI kI AjJA lekara, pramArjanI se zarIra kA pramArjana kara, vahI bhojana kara sakatA hai| vahAM bhojana karate hue muni ke AhAra meM guThalI, kAMTA, tinakA yA kaMkar3a ityAdi koI dUsarI vastu nikale to use uThAkara na phaiMke, muMha se na thUke, balki hAtha meM lekara ekAnta meM calA jaae| vahAM ucita bhUmi dekhakara, yatanApUrvaka use paristhApita kare auratatpazcAt sthAna meM Akara use pratikramaNa karanA vihita hai| . upAzraya meM bhojana karane kI vidhi meM jaba muni bhikSA lekara upAzraya meM AtA hai to Akara vaha sarvaprathama sthAna kA pratilekhana kareM tadanantara nisIhi' kA uccAraNa karate hue evaM ajjalipUrvaka namaskAra karate hue upAzraya meM praveza karake guru ke samIpa Akara 'IryApathikI' sUtra paDhe aura phira pratikramaNa kre| AlocanA karane se pUrva AcArya kiiaajnyaaleN|aajnyaa prApta karaAne-jAne meM, bhakta-pAna lene meM lage sabhI aticAro ko yAda karake, jo kucha jaise bItA ho, vaha saba AcArya ko batalAve aura anantara sarala bhAva se usakI AlocanA kre| 1. vahI, 5.1.73-74 2. vahI, 5.1.78 3. de0-vahI, TippaNa, 5.1.165 4. daza05.1.82-83 5. vahI, 5.1.84-86

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230 'jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI yadi AlocanA karane meM krama bhaMga ho to usakA phira pratikramaNa karanA caahie|punH zarIra ko sthira banAkara, niravadyavRtiaura zarIra-dhAraNa ke prayojana kA cintana karanA caahie| isa cintanamaya kAyotsarga ko namaskAra-mantra ke dvArA paripUrNa kara jina kI saMstuti kare-guNakIrtana karanA caahie| usake bAda svAdhyAya kara kSaNabhara ke lie vizrAma kre| yadi vaha maMDalI-bhojI sAdhu hai to vaha taba taka vizrAma kare jaba taka maMDalI ke dUsare sAdhugaNa na A jaaeN| vizrAma karate hue sAdhu ko aisA cintana karanA cAhie ki yadi AcArya aura anya sAdhugaNa mujha para anugraha kareM, merA bhojana grahaNa kareM to maiM dhanya ho jaauuN| phira premapUrvaka sAdharmika muniyoM ko bhojana ke lie nimantrita karanA caahie| usake nimantraNa ko svIkAra karake yadi koI sAdhu bhojana karanA cAhe to usake sAtha bhojana kare / yadi nahIM taba svayaM akelA hI bhojana kre|' sAdhu khule pAtra meM bhojana kare / isase bhojana meM koI jIva-jantu par3A huA ho to bhalI-bhAMti dekhA jA sakatA hai |bhojana yatanApUrvaka karanA cAhie arthAt bhojana karate samaya nIce nahIM DAlanA caahie| sAdhu ko arasayA virasa, vyaMjanasahitayA vyaMjanarahita,Ardra yA zuSka, jaisA bhI AhAra bhikSA meM mile use maghughRta kI bhAMti khAnA cAhie, usakI nindA nahIM karanI cAhie tathA pAtra meM kiJcit mAtra bhI anna lagA huA nahIM rahanA caahie| kadAcit sarasa AhAra pAkara use AcArya Adi ko dikhAne para ve svayaM na le leMge-isa lobha se bhikSA ko nahIM chupAnA caahie| aise apane hI svArtha ko pramukhatA dene vAlA muni bahuta pApa kA bhAgIdAra hotA hai, vaha nirvANa-prApti kA adhikArI bhI nahIM hotaa| ekAnta meM acchA-acchA bhojana kara, apanA utkarSa dikhAne ke lie maNDalI meM nIrasa AhAra bhI use nahIM karanA cAhie kyoMki pUjA, yaza tathA mAna-sammAna kA icchuka muni atyadhika pApa kA hI arjana karatA hai| 1. daza05.1.87-67 2. vahI, 5.1.66 3. vahI, 5.1.67-68 4. vahI, 5.2.1 5. vahI, 5.2.31-32 6. vahI, 5.2.33-35

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sAdhu parameSThI 231 sAdhu kA bhojana-parimANa : _muni ko eka bAra bhojana karanA vihita hai| use mAtrajJa--bhojana kI mAtrA ko jAnane vAlA honA caahie| zAstra meM batalAyA gayA hai ki sAdhu ko apanAAdhA peTa bhojana cAhie aura eka cauthAI jala se tathA eka cauthAI gayu ke lie bacAkara rakhanA caahie| bhojana kA bhI parimANa sAdhu ke lie 32 grAsa tathA sAdhvI ke lie 28 grAsa batalAyA gayA hai| sAdhu kA bhojana samaya : sAdhu ko samaya para hI bhojana karanA cAhie / sUryodaya se tIna ghaTikA pazcAt aura sUryAsta se tIna ghaTikA pUrva sAdhu kA bhojana karane kA samaya hai| tIna muhUrta meM bhojana karanA jaghanya AcaraNa hai, do muhUrta meM bhojana karanA madh yama AcaraNa hai aura eka muhUrta meM bhojana kara lenA utkRSTa AcaraNa hotA haiN| muni ke lie sUryAsta se lekara punaH prAtaHkAla taka saba prakAra kA AhAra karanA sarvathA varjita hai| isIlie rAtribhojana viramaNa ko chaThAmahAvrata mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki sAdhu kI bhikSAcaryA eka kaThina kArya hai |jo sAdhu isameM kharA utaratA hai, vahI sacce arthoM meM sAdhu hai| isa taraha AhAracaryA karatA huA vaha saMyama kI virAdhanA na karake apane sAdhanA-gArga meM saphalatA prApta karatA hai| muni kI sAmAnya caryA meM kucha aura bhI bAteM haiM jinakA use vizeSa rUpa se dhyAna rakhanA caahie| sAdhu ke baiThane,khar3e hone evaM bolane kI bhI eka vizeSa prakAra kI vidhi batalAyI gayI hai| 1. egabhattaM ca bhoyaNaM / daza0 6.22 2. mAyanne asaNa-pANassA u02.3 3. addhamasaNassa savviMjaNassa udarassa tdiymudyenn| bAu saMcaraNaLaM cautthaMmavasesaye bhikkhuu|| mUlA0 6.461 4. bhaga0 Ao, gA0213 5. dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki digambara muni vikAlabhojana nahIM krte| dUsare vaha eka bAra hI dina meM AhAra lete haiN| AhAre ke bAda unakA saba kucha kA tyAga ho jAtA hai yahAM taka ki vaha pAnI bhI grahaNa nahIM krte| 6. sUrudayasthamaNAdo NAlItiya vajjide asnnkaale| tigadugaegamuhutte jhnnnnmjjhimmmukksse|| mUlA0 6.462 7. daza08.25 8. vahI, 4.17 (gadya)

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232 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI . (a) baiThane kI vidhi : muni ko saMyamapUrvaka baiThanA caahie| isase abhiprAya hai ki muni baiThane para hAtha-pAMvoM ko bAra-bAra na sikor3e athavA na phailAe / isa prakAra karanA use zobhA nahIM detA / ataH pAlathI lagAkara saMyamazarvaka baiThanA caahie| muni AsandI, paryaMka, maMca evaM vastra se gUMthe hue Asana Adi para na baitthe| inameM sUkSma jIva ho sakate haiM tathA isa prakAra kI chidrayukta vastuoM meM jIvoM kA pratilekhana karanA bar3A kaThina hotA hai / ataH yathAyogya Asana para baiThanA hI samucita hai| muni pRthvI para binA kucha bichAe na baiThe / sacita bhUmi para use baiThanA bilkula hI niSiddha hai| use acita bhUmi para bhI acchI prakAra pramArjana evaM pratilekhana kara aura jisakI vaha bhUmi ho usase anumati lekara hI baiThanA caahie| ataH AjJA tathA samucita Asana lekara hI beThanA vihita hai|| guru ke pAsa AlInaaura gupta hokara baitthe| jo guru ke pAsanaatinikaTa aura na atidUra baiThe, vaha AlIna kahalAtA hai tathA jo mana se guru ke vacana meM dattAvadhAna aura prayojanavaza bolane vAlA hotA hai, use gupta kahA jAtA hai|" ataH zAnta evaM jAgarUka baiThanA hitakara hotA hai| AcArya ke barAbara, Age pIche tathA usake Uru se apanA Uru saTAkara na baitthe| pArzvabhAga ke nikaTa barAbara baiThane se ziSya dvArA samuccArita zabda sIdha guru ke kAnoM meM praveza karatA hai jisase guru kI ekAgratA bhaMga ho sakatI hai| guru ke Age atyanta nikaTa baiThane se avinaya hotA hai tathA darzanArthiyoM ke guru-darzana meM bAdhA AtI hai| pIche baiThane se vaha guru ke mukha para vidyamAna bhAva aura iMgita ko samajha nahIM paataa| guru ke Uru se Uru saTAkara baiThane se bhI avinaya evaM aziSTatA prakaTa hotI hai| ataH kisI bhI prakAra se asabhya evaM avinayapUrNa DhaMga se nahIM baiThanA caahie| (ba) khar3e rahane kI vidhi : __muni prayojanavaza jaba gRhasthoM ke ghara jAe to use vahAM saMyamapUrvaka khar3e rahanA cAhie tathA dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki vaha vahAM pAnI tathA miTTI 1. jayaM ciTThe / daza0 4.8 2. vahI, 3.5.. 6.53-55 3. vahI, 8.5 4. vahI, 8.44 5. de0-vahI, TippaNa, 8.122 6. daza0.8.45 7. jayaM cre| vahI, 4.8

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sAdhu parameSThI 233 lAne ke mArgaaura bIja evaM hariyAlI vAlIjagaha para khar3Anaho / argalA-bhitti, dvAra yA kivAr3a kA sahArA lekara bhI khar3A na ho| aisA karane para laghutA prakaTa hotI hai tathA coTa lagane kA bhI bhaya rahatA hai| yadi kisI ghara ke Age vanIpaka Adi yAcaka khar3e hoM to muni unako yA gRhasvAmI ko dikhAI na de, unake sAmane jAkara khar3A na hove, ekAnta meM jAkara khar3A ho jAe kAraNa ki aisA na karane para sAmane khar3e vanIpakoM athavA gRhasvAmI ko krodha A sakatA hai athavA una vanIpakoM ko kama bhojana bhI diyA jA sakatA hai, jo duHkha va hiMsA kA hetu bana sakatA hai aura jaina santa ko hiMsA varjita hai| (sa) vAk-zuddhi : muni ke lie vAka-zuddhi para bhI vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai| muni ko cAra prakAra kI bhASAeM nahIM bolanI cAhieM--1. avaktavya-satya-bhASA, 2. satya-asatyabhASA, 3. asatya bhASA aura 4. vRddhoM dvArA anAcIrNa bhaassaa| kAne ko kAnA, napuMsaka ko napuMsaka, rogI ko rogI tathA cora ko cora na kheN| isa prakAra kI yaha bhASA avaktavya-satya bhASA hai joki kaThora bhASA hai evaM bhUtopaghAta karane vAlI hai| satya-asatyabhASA se abhiprAya hai-saMdigdha bhASA |Azaya ko chipAkara jaise 'azvatthAmA hataH' isa prakAra kI saMdigdha bhASA kA prayoga varjanIya hai| muni satya dikhalAI dene vAlIasatya vastu kAAzraya lekara--puruSa veSadharI strI ko puruSa kahakara na bole / yaha satya bhASA kA anAcIrNa rUpa he| isa prakAra kI bhASA bolane se muni pApa kA sparza hI karatA hai| ataH sAkSAt jhUTha to bilkula hI na bole| ___ jo bhASA bhaviSya-sambandhI hone ke kAraNa zaMkita ho athavA vartamAna aura atItakAla-sambandhI artha ke bAre meM zaMkita ho, saMyamI muni use na bole / jaise-'hama jAaiMge', 'hamArA amuka kArya ho jAegA', isa prakAra kI bhASA na bole| nizcita jAnakArI ke abhAva meM 'amuka vastuamuka kI hai| 1. vahI, 5.1.26 2. vahI. 5.2.6 3. vahI, 5.2.11 4. daza07.2 5. vahI.7.12 6. vahI, 7.11 7. vahI,7.5 8. vahI,7.6-6

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234 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI isa prakAra kahanA vartamAnakAlika zaMkita bhASA hai| isI prakAra baila dekhA gayA yA gAya', isakI ThIka smRti na hote hue bhI aisA kahe ki 'maiMne gAya dekhI thI' yaha atIta kAlIna zaMkita bhASA hai| kisI strI ko dAdI, nAnI, mAM, mausI, bhAnajI Adi snehasUcaka zabdoM se sambodhita na kare, balki unakI avasthA, veza, aizvarya Adi kI apekSA guNa-doSa kA vicAra karake unake mUla nAma yA gotra se sambodhita kre|' isI prakAra kisI puruSa ko dAdA, nAnA, cAcA, mAmA potA Adi zabdoM se sambodhita na kare, balki unheM nAma yA gotra se hI sambodhita karanA caahie| vRkSa Adi ko dekhakara yaha makAna kI lakar3I ke lie, pAtra ke lie, kRSi ke upakaraNoM ke lie yA zayanAsana ke lie upayogI hai, aisA na kahe / ' phala yA dhAnya pake haiM yA kacce haiM, tor3ane yogya haiM yA nahIM, phalI nIlI hai yA sUkhI ityAdi sAvadha bhASA kA prayoga na kre| sAdhu ko mRta-bhoja, pitara-bhoja yA vivAha ityAdi ke avasara para diyA jAne vAlA sAmUhika bhoja karaNIya hai, cora vadhya hai, nadI ke ghATa sundara haiM, aisA bhI nahIM kahanA caahie| yadi prayojanavaza kahanA hI ho to sAmUhika bhoja ko sAmUhika bhoja hai, corakodhanArthI hai aura nadI ke ghATa samAna haiM-aisA hI use bolanA caahie| _bhojana ke sambandha meM 'bahuta acchA pakAyA hai,''bahuta acchA chedA hai, 'bahuta acchA rasa niSpanna huA hai, 'bahuta hI iSTa hai' ityAdi prazaMsA-vAcaka zabdoM kA prayoga na kre| vastuoM ke kraya-vikraya kI carcA bhI na kre| isase sAMsArika kAryoM meM liptatA bar3hatI hai |amuk kIjaya ho,amuka kI nahIM-aisA na khe| isase rAga-dveSa bar3hatA hai tathA dUsare ke mana ko pIr3A bhI hotI hai| __ apanI yA dUsaroM kI bhautika sukha-suvidhA ke lie pratikUla sthiti ke na hone aura anukUla sthiti ke hone kI bAta na kahe, isase bhI vItarAgatA meM bAdhA AtI hai / megha, AkAza aura manuSya ko deva na kahe,1deg unheM deva kahane se 1. daza0 7.15-17 2. vahI, 7.18-20 3. vahI, 7.27-26 4. vahI, 7.32-35 5. vahI, 7.36-37 6. vahI,7.41 7. vahI, 7.43, 45,46 8. vahI 7.50 6. vahI, 7.51 10. vahI,7.52-53

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sAdhu parameSThI 235 mithyAtva kA sthirIkaraNa hotA hai| use pApa kA anumodana karane vAlI aura jIvaghAtakAraka bhASA nahIM bolanI caahie| krodha, lobha aura bhayavaza na bole / dUsaroM kI haMsI karatA huA bhI na bole|' use sadaiva aduSTa bhASA hI bolanI caahie| sAdhu ko hitakArI evaM Anulaumika vacana bolane caahie| vaha sadaiva prayojanavaza aura parimita bole / binA pUche na bole aura kisI ke bIca meM na bole / use kisI kI cugalI nahIM karanI cAhie tathA kapaTapUrNa asatya vacana bhI nahIM bolane caahie| sAdhu aisA bhI na bole jisase dUsare ko aprIti utpanna ho aura vaha vyakti kupita ho jaae|6 dekhI huI bAta kahe, jora se bolanA bhI niSiddha hai| use svara-vyaJjana Adiyukta spaSTa bhASA bolanI cAhie tathA kalaha utpanna karane vAlI bAta bhI nahIM karanI caahie|' isa prakAra sAdhu ke sAmAnya AcAra meM paMca mahAvrata, SaDAvazyaka tathA ATha pravacana mAtAoM kA pUrNatayA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai| isake atirikta sAmAcArI, bAhya upakaraNa, upAzrayaca evaM bhikSAcaryA Adi ke viSaya meM bhI vizeSa sAvadhAnI se kAma liyA jAtA hai tAki kisI prakAra se saMyama kI virAdhanA na ho, saMyama kA samyak paripAlana hotA rhe| (2) vizeSa sAdhvAcAra : vizeSa avasara para karmoM kI vizeSa nirjarA karane ke lie sAdhu jisa prakara ke sadAcAra kA pAlana karatA hai, use vizeSa sAdhvAcAra ke antargata liyA jAtA hai. yaha vizeSa sAdhvAcAra sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra se sarvathA pRthaka nahIM hai, balki jaba sAdhu apane sAmAnya sAdhvAcAra kA hI vizeSa rUpa se dRr3hatA ke sAtha pAlana karatA hai taba use hI vizeSa sAdhvAcAra kA nAma de diyA jAtA hai| isake antargata nimna kriyAeM vicAraNIya haiM. 1- tapazcaryA 2- sAdhu kI pratimAeM 1. vahI, 7.54 2. vahI, 7.55 3. vahI.7.56 4. vahI, 8.16 5. vahI, 8.46 6. vahI, 8.47 7. vahI, 8.48 8. vahI, 10.10 -

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236 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI 3- parISahajaya 4- sallekhanA inameM se tapa evaM sAdhu kI pratimAoM kA varNana to pUrva meM kiyA hI jA cukA hai| yahAM parISahajaya aura sallekhanA kA adhyayana kiyA jAtA hai| (a) parISahajaya: aGgIkRta dharmamArga meM sthira rahane evaM karmoM ke kSaya ke lie jo sahana karane yogya hoM ve pIraSaha kahalAte haiN| kSudhA-tRSA Adi una parISahoM para vijaya prApta kara lenA arthAt kheda khinna na hokara unheM zAntabhAva se sahana kara lenA hI parISahajaya hai| parISaha saMkhyA meM bAIsa prakAra ke svIkAra kie gae haiN| ataH parISahajaya bhI bAIsa prakAra kA hI hai1- kSudhAparISahajaya : bahuta bhUkha lagane para bhI manobala se yukta hokara kSudhA kI zAnti ke lie na to phala Adi ko svayaM tor3anA, na dUsare se tur3avAnA, nA pakAnA aura na pakavAnA apitu bhUkha se utpanna kaSTa ko saba prakAra se sahana karanA hI kSudhAparISahajaya hai| 2- tRSAparISahajaya : __ pyAsa se pIr3ita hone para, yahAM taka ki ekAnta nirjana sthAna meM mukha ke sUkha jAne para bhI sAdhu adInabhAva se pyAsa ke kaSTa ko sahatA huA, sacitta jala kA sevana na karake acitta jala kI prApti ke lie hI prayAsa karatA hai vaha tRSAparISahajaya hai| 3- zItaparISahajaya : grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa karate hue yadi zItajanya kaSTa hone lage to zarIra ko ThaNDa se bacAne ke lie koI sthAna evaM vastra Adi ke na rahane para bhI agni Adi ke sevana kA cintana na karate hue usase hone vAle kaSTa ko sahana karanA zItaparISahajaya hai| 1. mArgA'cyavananirjarAtha parisoDhavyAH priisshaaH| ta0sU0 6.8 2. kSughAtRSAdivedanAsamutpattau upArjikarmanirjaraNArthaM parisamantAt sahanaM parISahaH tasya jayaH parISahajayaH / ta010 6.2, pR0 282 3. ime khalu te bAvIsaM priishaa--dNsnn-priishe| u02.3. (gadya) tathA milAiye-samavAo, 22.1 4. de0-u0 2.2-3 5. sIodagaM na sevijjA viyaDassesaNaM cre| vahI, 2.4. tathA de0 2.5 6. u02.6-7

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sAdhu parameSThI 237 4- uSNaparISahajaya : garmI se atyanta pIr3ita hone para bhI snAna karanA, mukha ko pAnI se sIMcanA, paMkhA jhalanA Adi paritApa-nivAraka upAyoM ke dvArA zAnti-prApti kI icchA na karanA uSNaparISahajaya hai|' 5- daMzamazakaparISahajaya : daMsa tathA macchara Adi ke dvArA kATe jAne para bhI yuddha ke morce para Age rahane vAle hAthI kI taraha aDiga rahakara, una mAMsa khAne vAle tathA raktapIne vAle jIvoM ko dveSabhAva se na to haTAnA aura na hI mAranA daMzamazakaparISahajaya hai| 6- acelaparISahajaya : vastraphaTa gae hoM,atyantajIrNa-zIrNa ho gae hoM,yAvastroM ko cora-DAkU Adi ne curA liyA ho to dInatApUrvaka vastroM kI yAcanA na karanA, 'navIna vastra mileMge isase harSa aura aba mujhe kona vastra degA' isa vicAra se zoka na karanA, balki vastrarahita yA alpavastrasahita hone kI sthiti ko samabhAva se sahana karanA, yaha acelaparISahajaya hai|' 7- aratiparISahajaya : grAmAnugrAma meM vicaraNa karate hue aneka prakAra kI kaThinAiyAM Ane ke kAraNa sAdhu ko sAdhuvRtti ke prati aruci utpanna ho sakatI hai| ataH isa aruci ko utpanna na hone denA tathA saMyama kA pAlana karate rahanA aratiparISahajaya hai| 8. strIparISahajaya : puruSa yA strIsAdhaka kA apanI sAdhanA meM vijAtIya ke prati kAmavAsanA kA AkarSaNa paidA hone para usakI ora na lalacAnA, mana ko dRr3ha rakhanA tathA saMyamarUpI udyAna meM ramaNa karate rahanA hI strIparISahajaya hai| 9. caryAparISahajaya : yahAM caryA se abhiprAya hai--gamana karanA / eka jagaha sthAyIrUpa se nivAsa karane se sAdhu ko mamatva ke bandhana meM par3a jAne kI AzaMkA rahatI hai| ataH kisI gRhastha athavA gRha Adi meM Asakti na rakhate hue grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa karate samaya utpanna sabhI prakAra ke kaSToM ko sahana karanA, caryAparISahajaya kahalAtA hai| 1. u02.8-6 2. vahI, 2.10-11 3. vahI, 2.12-13 4. vahI, 2.14-15 5. u0 2.16-17 6. vahI, 2.18-16

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238 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI 10. niSadyAparISahajaya : jaba sAdhu zmazAna, vana athavA parvatoM kI guphA Adi meM nivAsa karatA hai aura niyatakAlaparyanta dhyAna ke lie niSadya (Asana) ko svIkAra karatA hai, taba deva, tiryaca, manuSya aura acetana padArthakRta upasarga (Apatti) utpanna ho sakate haiN| una upasargoM ke kAraNa apane Asana se na hilanA aura na mantra Adi ke dvArA kisI prakAra kA pratIkAra hI karanA, niSadyAparISahajaya kahalAtA hai|' 11. zayyAparISahajaya : zayyA kA artha hai-zayana karane kA sthAna / sAdhu ko kahIM eka rAta rahanA par3e yA adhika dinoM taka | vahAM priya yA apriya sthAna milane para harSa zoka na karanA athavA komala-kaThora, UMcI-nIcI jaise bhI jabaha mile vahAM samabhAva se rahanA, zayyA parISahajaya hai| 12. AkrozaparISahajaya : kisI grAma yA nagara meM pahucane para sAdhu kI kriyA, veSabhUSA Adi ko dekhakara dveSavaza yA ISaryAvaza koI anabhijJa vyakti Aveza meM Akara use kaThora yA apriya vacana kahe to una vacanoM ko sunakara cupa rahanA tathA usake prati thor3A-sA bhI krodha na karanA, AkrozaparIzahajaya hai|' 13. vadhaparISahajaya : Aveza meM Akara koI vyakti sAdhu ko mAre-pITe taba yaha soMcakara ki isa AtmA kA kabhI vinAza nahIM hotA tathA kSamA hI sabase bar3A dharma hai, mArane vAle ke prati mana se bhI dveSa na karate hue dharma kA hI cintana karanA vadhaparISahajaya 14 yAcanAparISahajaya : sAdhu ke pAsa jitanI bhI vastueM hotI haiM ve saba gRhastha se mAMgI huI hI hotI haiM, binA mAMgA kucha bhI nahI hotA kintu 'gRhasthoM ke sAmane pratidina hAtha phailAnAacchA nahI hai, ataH gRhavAsa hI zreSTha hai' isa prakAra yAcanAjanya dInatA ke bhAva na Ane denA yAcanAparISahajaya hai / / 15. alAbhaparISahajaya : sAdhu koAhAraAdi kI yAcanA karane para kabhI-kabhI usakI bilkula hI prApti nahIM hotI tathA kabhI thor3A milatA hai| aisI avasthA meM duHkhI na hote 1. de0-ta0vR0 6.6.pR0263 2. u02.22-23 35 akkosejja paro bhikkhU na tesiM pddisNjle| vahI, 2.24 tathA de0, 2.25 4. hao na saMjale bhikkhU maNaM pi na pose| vahI, 2.26, tathA de0-2.27 5. vahI, 2.28-26

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239 sAdhu parameSThI hue yaha socanA-'Aja bhikSA nahIM milI, saMbhavataH kala mila jAegI', yaha alAbhaparISahajaya hai| 16. rogaparISahajaya : zarIra meM kisI prakAra ke roga Adi ke ho jAne para 'karmo' ke udaya se hI roga utpanna hotA hai| aisAra jAnakara dInatA prakaTa na karate hue tathA auSadhi kA bhI sevana na karake rogajanya kaSTa ko samatApUrvaka sahana karanA rogaparISahajaya hai| 17. tRNasparzaparISahajaya : tRNa para sone se acela sAdhu ke zarIra ko kaSTa hotA hai| garmI par3ane se ghAsa para sote hue bahuta vedanA hotI hai| aisI avasthA meM bhI vastra Adi kI abhilASA na karanA tRNasparzaparISahajaya hai|' 18. jallaparISahajaya : grISma Rtu meM maila, raja athavA paritApa se zarIra ke klinna ho jAne para utpanna vedanA ko samatApUrvaka sahana karanA aura snAna Adi kI icchA na karanA jallaparISahajaya haiN|' 19. satkArapuraskAraparISahajaya : rAjA Adi ke dvArA abhivAdana, satkAra evaM nimantraNa Adi se kisI anya sAdhu kA sammAna hote dekhakara tathA svayaM kA sammAna na hone para IrSyA na karate hue samabhAva rakhanA satkAra-puraskAra-parISahajaya hai| 20. prajJAparISahajaya : . sAdhu ko jJAna kI prApti ho jAne para bhI yadi vaha kisI ke pUchane para kucha bhI uttara na de sake to 'yaha mere karmoM kA phala hai' aisA vicAra karake usakA Azvasta ho jAnA, prajJAparISahajaya haiN| 21. ajJAnaparISahajaya : sAdhu ke sakala zAstroM meM nipuNa hone para bhI dUsare vyaktiyoM ke dvArA kie gae 'yaha mUrkha hai' ityAdi AkSepoM ko zAnta bhAva se sahana kara lenA ajJAnaparISahajaya haiN| 1. u0.2.30-31 2. vahI. 2.32-33 3. vahI. 2.34-35 4. vahI, 2.36-37 5. abhivAyaNamabhuTThANaM sAmI kujjA nimntnnN| je tAi paDisevanti na tesiM pIhae munnii||vhii, 2.38 tathA de0 2.36 6. u02.40-42 7. de0-ta030 6.6. pR0 265

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240 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI 22. darzanaparISahajaya : _ 'paraloka nahIM hai, tapase Rddhi kI prApti nahIM hotI hai, maiM sAdhudharma lekara ThagA gayA hUM, tIrthaMkara na the, na haiM aura na hI Age hoMge-isa taraha dharma meM avizvAsa utpannanahonedenAhIdarzanaparISahajaya hai| bhAvayaha hai ki sA I kI apane dharma ke prati pragAr3ha zraddhA honI paramAvazyaka hai| isa prakAra sAdhu uparyukta 22 parISahoM meM se kisI bhI parISaha kA prasaMga upasthita hone para use zAnti se samatApUrvaka sahana kare, usa para vijaya prApta kare, isI se sAdhutA dIpta hotI hai| (A) sallekhanA : sallekhanA kA artha hai-samatApUrvaka kAyaaura kaSAyoM ko kRza krnaa| roga Adi ke kAraNa yA kaThora tapasyA ke kAraNa zarIra ke samayocita kriyAeM karane meM asamartha ho jAne para AhAra kA saMvartana (=saMkSepa) karate hue tathA kaSAyoM ko kRza karate hue aura samAdhi meM bhAvanAoM kA cintvana karate hue mRtyu ko aMgIkAra karane ke lie udyata ho jAnA hI sallekhanA hai| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM bhI batalAya gayA hai ki devAdikRta pratIkAra sahita upasarga, durbhikSa, buDhApA aura roga ke upasthita hone para dharma ke lie zarIra chor3ane ko sallekhanA kahA jAtA hai| isakA sIdhe zabdoM meM artha hotA hai ki antima samaya meM AhAra Adi kA tyAga kara samAdhipUrvaka mRtyu prApta karanA isa dRSTi se salleonA prANAnta anazana vizeSa hai| sallekhanA ko sakAmamaraNa evaM paMDitamaraNa bhI kahA jAtA hai kyoMki isakI prApti saMyata aura jitendriya puNyAtmAoM ko icchApUrvaka (=sakAma) hotI hai tathA ve mRtyu ke samaya meM bhI pUrvavat prasanna hI rahate haiN|" 1. 'natthi nUNaM pare loe iDDhI vAvi tvssiyo| aduvA vacio mitti ii bhikkhU na cinte|| 'abhU jiNA atthi jiNA aduvAvi bhvissii| ___ muMsa te evamAhaMsu' ii bhikkhU na cinte|| vahI, 2.44-45 2. tenAyamarthaH-yat samyak lekhanA kAyasya kaSAyANAM ca kRzIkaraNaM tanUkaraNaM sllekhnaa| ta0 vR07.22, pR0246 3. vizeSa ke lie de0-AyAro, 8.6.105 4. upasarge durmikSe jarasi rujAyAM ca niHprtiikaare| dharmAya tanuvimocanamAhuH sallekhanAmAryAH / / ratnaka0 5.1 50 de0- (mehatA), jaina, dharma-darzana, pR0558 / / 6. etto sakAma-maraNaM paNDiyANaM suNeha meM / u05.17 7. (ka) maraNaM pi sapuNNANa jahA meymnnussuyN|| vippasaNNamaNAdhAyaM saMjayANaM dusomo|| vahI, 5.18 (kha) na saMtasanti maraNante sIlavantA bhussuyaa| vahI, 5.26

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sAdhu parameSThI 241 1. sallekhanA Atmahanana nahIM : sallekhanA Atmahanana nahIM hai| yaha to mRtyu ke samIpa meM A jAne para prasannatApUrvaka zarIra kA tyAga karane kI prakriyA mAtra hai| tattvArthavRttikAra kahate haiM ki sallekhanA meM AtmaghAta kA doSa nahIM hotA kAraNa ki pramattayoga se prANoM ke vinAza karane ko hI to hiMsA kahate haiN| jabaki sallekhanA vicArapUrvaka kI jAtI hai, usameM rAga-dveSa AdikAraNa nahone se pramattayoga nahIM hotA |ataHsallekhanA karane meM AtmaghAta kA doSa sambhava hI nahIM hai| jaise ki puruSArthasiddhayupAya meM bhI batalAya gayA hai ka hiMsA ke mUla kAraNa kaSAya haiM ve isa sallekhanA meM kSINa ho jAte haiM / ataH AcArya sallekhanA ko ahiMsA kI puSTi ke lie sahakArI hI batalAte haiN| AcArAMgasUtra meM ise kAla-mRtyu hI batalAyA gayA hai| 2. sallekhanA ke bheda : uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM sallekhanA ke tIna bhedoM kA saMketa milatA hai| inameM se kisI eka ko svIkAra kara zarIra chor3A jA sakatA hai| ye tIna bheda kriyA ko mAdhyama banAkara kie gae haiM jo nimna prakAra haiM (ka) bhaktapratyAkhyAna : gamanAgamana ke viSaya meM koI niyama lie binA cAroM prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga karake zarIra kA tyAga karanA bhakta pratyAkhyAna nAmaka sallekhanA hai| (kha) iMginImaraNa : iMgita kA artha hai-saMketa |atH gamanAgamana ke viSaya meM bhUmi kI sImA * kA saMketa karake cAroM prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga karate hue zarIra kA tyAga karanA iMginImaraNa hai| (ga) pAdopagamana : pAda kA artha hai-- vRkSa / ataH pAdopagamana nAmaka sallekhanA meM cAroM prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga karake vRkSa se kaTI huIzAkhA kI taraha eka hI sthAna para nizcala hokara zarIra kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai| 1. de0-ta0vR07.22, pR0246-47 2. nIyante'tra kaSAyA hiMsAyA hetavo ytstnutaam| salalekhanAmapi tataH prAhurahiMsAprasiddhayArtham / / puruSArthasiddhayupAya, gA0 176 3. tatthAvi tassa kaalpriyaae|aayaaro, 8.7.128 4. aha kAlaMmi saMpattaM AdyAyAya samussayaM / sakAma-maraNaM maraI tiNhamannayaraM munnii|| u0 5.32 5. vistAra ke lie de0-AyAro, 8.8.1-25 tathA u0 A0 dI0, pR0238

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242 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI 3- sallekhanA kI avadhi : sAmAnyataura se sallekhanA kI adhikatama sImA 12 varSa, nyUntama sImA chaha mAsa tathA madhyama sImA eka varSa batalAyI gayI haiM parantu yaha kathana unakI apekSA se kahA gayA pratIta hotA hai jinheM apanI mRtyu ke samaya ke viSaya meM jAnakArI ho / anyathA isakI nyUnatama sImA antarmuhUrta tathA madhyama sImA uccatama tathA nyUnatama sImA ke bIca kabhI bhI ho sakatI hai| 4- sallekhanA kI vidhi : sallekhanA kI bAraha varSa pramANa uccatama sImA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue isakI vidhi isa prakAra batalAyI gayI hai sarvaprathama sAdhaka guru ke pAsa jAkara prathama cAra varSoM meM ghI, dUdha Adi vikRta padArthoM kA tyAga kare / agale cAra varSoM meM vividha prakAra kA tapa kre| tadanantara do varSa paryanta kramazaH eka dina upavAsa aura dUsare dina nIrasa alpa AhAra kare / isake bAda use chaha mAsa paryanta koI kaThina tapa na kara sAdhAraNa tapa karanA caahie| phira chaha mAsa paryanta kaThora tapazcaryA karake anta meM nIrasaalpaAhAra lekaraanazanavrata tor3a dearthAt use pAraNA karanI caahie| bArahaveM varSa meM nirantara AcAmla (nIrasa alpAhAra) karatA huA, vaha mRtyu kA.eka mAsa yA pandraha dina zeSa jAne para saba prakAra ke AhAra kA parityAga kara denA caahie| isa prakAra yaha sAmAnya apekSAse utkRSTa sallekhanA kI vidhi hai| isa vidhi meM AvazyakatAnusAra samaya-sambandhI parivartana kiyA jA sakatA hai| 5- sallekhanA ke aticAra : jIvitAzaMsA, maraNAzaMsA, bhaya, mitrasmRti aura nidAna ye sallekhanA vrata ke pAMca aticAra batalAe gae haiN| (ka) jIvitAzaMsA: sallekhanA dhAraNa kara aisI icchA rakhanA ki maiM kucha samaya taka aura jIvita rahatA to acchA hotA yaha jIvitAzaMsA nAmaka aticAra hai| (kha) maraNAzaMsA : kSudhA-tRSA Adi kI pIr3A hone para aisI icchA rakhanA ki merI mRtyu jaldI ho jAtI to acchA hotA, yaha maraNAzaMsA nAmaka aticAra hai| 1. bAraseva u vAsAiM saMlehukkosiyA bhve| saMvaccharaM majjhimiyA chammAsA ya jhnniyaa|| u036.251 2. de0-vahI, 36.252-55 3. jIvitamaraNAzaMse bhymitrsmRtinidaannaamaanH| sallekhanAticArAH paJca jinendra smaadissttaaH|| ratnaka0 5.8

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sAdhu parameSThI 243 (ga) bhaya': ihaloka bhaya aura paraloka bhaya kI apekSA bhaya ke do bheda haiN| maiMne sallekhanA grahaNa kI to hai, parantu mujhe kSudhA, tRSA Adi kI pIr3A kahIM adhika samaya taka sahana na karanI par3e,isa prakAra kAbhaya honAihalokabhaya kahalAtA hai, aura isa prakAra ke kaThina anuSThAna ke karane se paraloka meM viziSTa phala prApta hogA yA nahIM, aisA bhAva rakhanA paraloka bhaya hai| (gha) mitrasmRti bAlyAdiavasthAoM meM jinake sAtha krIDAkIthI, aise mitroM kA bArambAra smaraNa karanA mitrasmRti nAmaka aticAra kahA jAtA hai| (Ga) nidAna : marane ke bAda paraloka meM viSaya bhogoM kI AkAMkSA karanA nidAna nAmaka aticAra hai|' . uparyukta pAMca aticAroM ke atirikta Agama meM pAMca prakAra kI azubha bhAvanAeM bhI batalAyI gayI haiM jinake rahane para jIva sallekhanA ke phala ko prApta nahIM kara pAtA / ye pAMca azubha bhAvanAeM haiM(ka) kandarpa bhAvanA : hAsyotpAdaka kuceSTA Adi karanA tathA zIla, svabhAva, hAsya aura vikathA se dUsaroM ko hNsaanaa| (kha) abhiyoga bhAvanA: sukha, rasa aura samRddhi ke lie tantra-mantra kA prayoga krnaa| (ga) kilviSikI bhAvanA: jJAna, kevalajJAnI, dharmAcArya, saMgha tathA sAdhuoM kI nindA krnaa| (gha) moha bhAvanA : zastragrahaNa, viSabhakSaNa, agnipraveza, jalapraveza tathA niSiddha vastuoM kA sevana krnaa| (Ga) AsurI bhAvanA: nirantara krodha karanA tathA zubhAzubha phaloM kA kathana krnaa| uparyukta pAMca aticAroM tathA pAMca prakAra kI azubha bhAvanAoM meM se kisI 1. de0-ratnaka058 TIkA tathA ta0vR07.37 2. kandappamAmiogaM kibisiyaM mohamAsurattaM c| eyAo duggaIo maraNammi virAhiyA honti|| u0 36.256 3. vistAra ke lie de0-u0 36.263-67 -

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244 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI eka ke bhI rahane para sallekhanA ke phala kI prApti nahIM ho sktii| ataH sAdhaka ko sallekhanA ke pAMca aticAroM aura ina pAMca prakAra kI azubha bhAvanAoM se sadaiva dUra rahanA cAhie, tabhI vaha sallekhanA ke abhISTa phala ko prApta kara skegaa| 6- sallekhanA kA phala : sallekhanA dhAraNa karanA sAdhanA patha kA carama kendrabindu hai| yadi sAdhaka isameM saphala ho jAtA hai to vaha apanI sampUrNa sAdhanA kA abhISTa phala prApta kara letA hai| isa prakAra dharma kA pAna karane vAlA koI kSapaka saba duHkhoM se achUtA rahatA huA antarahita tathA sukha ke samudra svarUpa mokSa kA anubhava karatA hai aura koI kSapaka bahuta samaya meM samApta hone vAlI 'ahamindra Adi kI sukhaparamparA kA anubhava karatA hai| isa prakAra yaha sAdhu ke vizeSa AcAra kA adhyayana kiyA gyaa| (cha) sAdhu kI 31 upamAeM : sAdhu ko nimnalikhita 31 upamAoM se upamita kiyA gayA hai(1) kAMsyapAtra : jaise uttama evaM svaccha kAMsyapAtra jalamukta rahatA hai arthAt usa para pAnI nahIM ThaharatA, usI prakAra sAdhu bhI sneha-bandhana se mukta rahatA hai| (2) zaMkha: jaise zaMkha para raMga nahIM car3hatA usI prakAra sAdhu rAga-bhAva se raMjita nahIM hotaa| (3) kacchapa: jisa prakAra kachuA cAra paira aura eka gardana-ina pAMca avayavoM ko sikor3akara khopar3I meM surakSita rakhatA hai, usI prakAra muni bhI saMyama kSetra meM apanI pAMcoM indriyoM ko gupta rakhatA hai, unheM viSayonmukha nahIM hone detaa| 1. 'ahamindra' Adi kA pada roga, zoka Adi se rahita hotA hai, ataH sAMsArika sukha kA utkRSTa sthAna hai| yaha pada dustara hai arthAt sAgaroM paryanta vizAlakAla se usakA anta prApta hotA hai| de0- ratnaka0 5.6 TIkA 2. niHzreyasamamyudayaM nistIraM dustaraM sukhaambunidhim| niHpibati pItadharmA svairduHkhairnaaliiddhH|| vahI, 5.6 kaMsapAIva mukkatoyA, saMkho iva niraMgaNA, jIvo vivaappaDihayagaI, jaccakaNagaM piva jAyarUvA, AdarisaphalagAivapAgar3amAvA, kummo ivagutiMdiyA, pukkharapattaM vanirulevA, gagaNamivanirAlaMvaNA, aNilo iva nirAlayA, caMdo iva somalesA, sUro iva vittateyA, sAgaro iva gaMmbhIrA, vihaga iva savvao vippamukkA, maMdaro iva appakaMpA, sArayasalilaM va suddhIhayayA, khaggavisANaM va egajAyA, bhAruDapakkhI va appamattA, kuMjaro iva soDIrA, vasabho iva jAyatthAmA, sIho iva duddharisA, vasudharA iva savvaphAsavisahA, suhuyahuyAsaNo iva teyasA jlNtaa|| ovAiyaM. 27

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245 sAdhu parameSThI (4) svarNa : jaise nirmala svarNa prazasta rUpavAn hotA hai, usI prakAra sAdhu bhI rAgAdi kA nAza kara prazasta AtmasvarUpa vAlA hotA hai| (5) kamalapatra : kamalapatra jaise jala se nirlipta rahatA hai, usI prakAra sAdhu anukUla . viSayoM meM Asakta na hotA huA unase nirlipta rahatA hai| (6) candra : candramA jaise saumya hotA hai, usI prakAra sAdhu svabhAva se saumya hotA hai| (7) sUrya : jisa prakAra sUrya teja se dIpta hotA hai, usI prakAra sAdhu bhItapa ke teja se dIpta rahatA hai| (8) sumeru jaise sumeru parvata sthira hai, pralayakAla meM bhI vicalita nahIM hotA, usI prakAra sAdhu saMyama meM sthira rahatA huA parISahoM se vicalita nahIM hotaa| (7) sAgara : jisa prakAra sAgara gambhIra hotA hai, usI prakAra sAdhu bhI gamabhIra hotA hai, harSa athavA zoka ke kAraNa usakA citta vikRta nahIM hotaa| (10) pRthvI : ' jaise pRthvI sabhI prakAra kI bAdhAeM-pIr3AeM sahana karatI hai, usI prakAra sAdhu bhI sabhI prakAra ke upasarga tathA parISaha sahana karatA hai| (11) bhasmAcchanna agni : rAkha se DhakI huI agni jisa prakAra bAhara se malina dikhAI detI huI bhI andara se pradIpta rahatI hai, usI prakAra tapa se kRza hone se sAdhu bAhara se mlAna dikhAI detA hai, kintu andara se zubha bhAvanA ke dvArA prakAzamAna rahatA hai| (92) dhRtasikta agni : jaise ghI se sIMcI huI agni teja se dedIpyamAna hotI hai, usI prakAra sAdhu jJAna evaM tapa ke teja se dIpta rahatA hai| (13) gozIrSa candana : jisa prakAra gozIrSa candana zItala aura sugandhita hotA hai, usI prakAra sAdhu bhI kaSAyoM ke upazAnta hone se zItala evaM zIla kI sugandha se suvAsita hotA hai|

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246 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI (94) jalAzaya: havA calane para bhI jaise jalAzaya meM pAnI kI sataha sama rahatI hai, UMcI-nIcI nahIM hotI, usI prakAra sAdhu bhI samabhAva vAlA hotA hai| sammAna-apamAna ityAdi meM usake vicAroM meM utAra-car3hAva nahIM aataa| (45) darpaNa : svaccha darpaNa jisa prakAra spaSTa bimbagrAhI hotA hai, usI prakAra sAdhu bhI mAyArahita svaccha hRdaya hone se zAstroM ke bhAvoM ko pUrNatayA grahaNa kara letA hai| (16) gandhahastI : jisa prakAra hAthI yuddha meM apanA prabala zaurya dikhalAtA hai, usI taraha sAdhu bhI parISaha senA ke sAtha jUjhane meM apanA AtmavIrya prakaTa karatA hai aura vijayI hotA hai| (97) vRSabhaH jaise dhorI baila uThAe hue bhAra ko yathAsthAna pahuMcAtA hai, bIca meM nahIM chor3atA, vaise hI sAdhu bhI grahaNa kie hue vrata, niyama evaM saMyama kA jIvanaparyanta utsAhapUrvaka nirvAha karatA hai| (14) siMha: jaise siMha mahAparAkramI hotA hai, jaMgalI jAnavara use DarA nahIM sakate, usI prakAra sAdhu bhI AdhyAtmika zakti sampanna hotA hai, parISaha use parAjita nahIM kara skte| (99) zArada jala : jisa prakAra zarad Rtu kA jala nirmala hotA hai, usI prakAra sAdhu kA hRdaya bhI rAdveSa Adi mala se rahita hotA hai| (20) bhAraNDa pakSI: jaise bhAraNDa pakSI aharniza sAvadhAna rahatA hai tanika bhI pramAda nahIM karatA, usI prakAra sAdhu bhI sadaiva saMyama meM apramatta evaM sAvadhAna rahatA hai| (29) geMDA: jisa prakAra geMDe ke mastaka para eka hI sIMga hotA hai, usI prakAra sAdhu bhI rAgadveSa rahita hone se bhAva se ekAkI rahatA hai| (22) sthANu : jaise sthANu(DhUMTha) nizcalakhar3A rahatA hai, usI prakAra sAdhubhI kAyotsarga Adi ke samaya nizcala khar3A rahatA hai|

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sAdhu parameSThI 247 (23) zUnyagRha : sUne ghara meM jaise saphAI, sajAvaTa Adi ke saMskAra nahIM hote, usI prakAra sAdhu bhI zarIra kA saMskAra nahIM karatA, vaha bAhya zobhA-saMskAra kA tyAgI hotA hai| (24) dIpaka : nirvAta sthAna meM jaise dIpaka sthira-akampita rahatA hai, usI prakAra sAdhu bhI ekAnta sthAna meM rahatA huA, nirmala citta se yukta huA upasargoM ke Ane para bhI dhyAna se cilita nahIM hotaa| (25) kSuradhArA: jaise ustare kI eka hI ora dhArA hotI hai, vaise hI sAdhu bhI tyAgarUpa eka hI dhAra vAlA hotA hai| (26) sarpa: jisa prakAra sarpa sthira dRSTi arthAt apane lakSya para hI dRSTi banAe rakhatA hai, usI prakAra sAdhu bhI apane mokSarUpIdhyeya para hI dRSTi TikAe rakhatA hai, anyatra nhiiN| (27) pakSI: jaise pakSI svatantra hokara unmukta vihAra karatA hai, usI prakAra sAdhu bhI svajana Adi yA niyata vAsa Adi ke pratibandha se mukta hokara svatantra vicaraNa karatA hai| (28) AkAza: AkAza jaise nirAlamba (Azraya rahita) hotA hai, vaise hI sAdhu bhI kula, nagara, grAma Adi ke Azraya se rahita hotA hai| (29) pannaga: sAMpa jaise svayaM ghara nahIM banAtA hai, cUhe Adi ke dvArA banAe hue biloM meM hI nivAsa karatA hai, usI prakAra sAdhu svayaM makAna nahIM banAtA, gRhasthoM ke dvArA banAe hue makAnoM meM hI (unakI anumati pAkara)rahatA hai| (30) vAyu: jaise vAyu kI gati pratibandharahita hai, usI prakAra sAdhu bhI pratibandha rahita hokara svatantra vicaraNa karatA hai| (71) jIvagati: jisa prakAra parabhava jAte hue jIva kI gati meM koI rukAvaTa nahIM hotI, usI prakAra sva-para siddhAnta kA jAnakAra,vAda AdisAmarthya vAlA sAdhubhI nizaMka hokara anya tIrthiyoM ke deza meM dharma-pracAra karatA huA vicaratA haiN|

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248 jaina darzana meM paJca parameSThI isa prakAra sAdhu kI 31 upamAeM batalAyI gayI haiM jo ki sAdhu ke svarUpa para samucita prakAza DAlatI hai| (ja) sAdhu-prazaMsA evaM usakI pUjA kA phala : jaina vAGmaya meM sAdhu kI paryApta guNa garimA upalabdha hotI haiN| AcArya bhadrabAhu kahate haiM ki yadyapi isa saMsAra meM koI bhI kisI kA sahAyaka nahIM hai, phira bhI saMyama kI sAdhanA karane meM hameM sAdhuoM se sahAyatA milatI hai / ataH hama saba sAdhuoM ko namaskAra karate haiN|' AcArya kundakunda batalAte haiM ki jo muni darzana, jJAna, cAritra aura tapovinaya meM sadA tatpara rahate haiM tathA anya guNI manuSyoM ke guNoM kA varNana karate haiM, ve sadaiva vandanIya haiN| AcArya punaH kahate haiM ki jo muni saMyama sampanna haiM tathA Arambha aura parigraha se virata haiM, ve sura, asura aura manuSya sabhI ke lie vandanIya haiM, namaskAra karane yogya haiN|' AcArya padamanandi bhI likhate haiM ki jina muniyoM ke dhyAna rUpI agni se prajvalita hRdaya meM trilokavijayI kAmadeva ko jalatA huA dekhakara mAnoM atyadhika bhayabhIta huI kaSAyeM isa prakAra se naSTa ho gaI haiM ki unameM ve phira se praviSTa nahIM ho sakatI, ve muni jayavanta hote haiN| aise ve muni jo amUlya ratna-svarUpa sampatti se sampanna hokara bhI nirgrantha ke anupama pada ko prApta hue haiM, aura jo atyanta zAnta hokara bhI kAmadevarUpa zatru kI patnI ko vaidhavya pradAnakarane vAle haiM ve guru namaskAra karane ke yogya hote haiN|' sAdhuoM kI pUjA ko jina-pUjA ke hI samAna phalaprada batalAte hue AcArya padmanandi kahate haiM ki isa samaya isa kalikAla meM bharatakSetra ke bhItara yadyapi tInoM lokoM meM kevalI bhagavAn virAjamAna nahIM haiM isalie muniyoM kI 1. asahAi sahAyattaM karaMti me saMjamaM kritss| eeNa kAraNeNaM namAmihaM savvasAhUNaM / A0ni0,gA0 1013 2. saNa-NANa-caritta tavaviNaye NiccakAlasu pstthaa| ede du vaMdaNIyA je guNavAdI guNadharANaM / / dasaNapAhur3a, gA023 3. jo saMjamesu sahio AraMbhapariggahesu virao vi| so hoi vaMdaNIo sasurAsura mANuse loe|| suttapAhur3a, gA011 4. smaramapi hRdi yeSAM dhyAnavani pradIpte sakalabhuvanamallaM dahyamAnaM vilokya / kRtabhiya iva naSTAste kaSAyA na tasmin punarapi hi samIyuH sAdhavaste jayanti / / anaya'ratnatrasaMpado'pi nirgrnthtaayaaHpdmdvitiiym| api prazAntAHsmaravairivadhvA vaidhavyadAste guravo nmsyaaH|| padmanandi paMcaviMzati, zloka 1.57-58

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sAdhu parameSThI 249 pUjA vAstava meM jina-vacanoM kI hI pUjA hai, aura isase pratyakSa meM jina bhagavAna kI hI pUjA kI gaI hai-aisA samajhanA cAhie : sampratyasti na kevalI kila kalau trailokyacUDAmaNi : tadvAcaH paramAsate'tra bharatakSetre jgrddyotikaaH| sadratnatrayadhAriNo yativarAstAsAM samAlambanaM tatpUjA jinavAci pUjanamataH sAkSAjjinaH puujitH||' AcArya punaH kahate haiM ki jo jaina muni jJAna-darzana svarUpa caitanyamaya AtmA meM utkRSTa sneha rakhate haiM, unake caraNakamaloM dvArA jahAM pRthvI kA sparza kiyA jAtA hai vahIM para pRthvI uttamatIrthaM bana jAtI hai, unheM hAtha jor3akara devabhI nitya namaskAra karate haiM, tathA unake nAma ke smaraNa mAtra se hI janasamUha pApa se pare ho jAtA hai| uparyukta varNana se yaha vidita hotA hai ki sAdhu parameSThI parama AdaraNIya evaM vandanIya haiN| ve saMyama-mArga kA upadeza dete haiM / saMyama kI sAdhanA se hI mokSa kI prApti hotI hai jo ki manuSya kA carama lakSya hai| namaskAra-mantra meM jo paJcaparameSThI ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai unameM mUlataH sAdhu pada hI hai, zeSa saba usake hI vikasita rUpa haiN| ... 1. vahI, 1.68 2. spRSTA yatra mahI tadadhikamalaistauti tattIrthatAM tebhyaste'pi surAH kRtAJjalipuTA nityaM nmskurvte| tannAmasmRtimAtrato'pi janatA niSkalmaSA jAyate ye jainA yatayazcidAtmani paraM snehaM smaatnvte|| padmanandi paMcaviMzati, zloka 1.66

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upasaMhAra AtmA ko AcchAdita karane vAle aSTakarmoM meM prabala evaM guNaghAtaka moha hI sarvapradhAna hai |iskaa prahANa karane ke lie hIjainadarzana meM paJca parameSThI arahanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM sarva sAdhu ke svarUpa kA smaraNa, cintana evaM manana karane para adhika bala diyA gayA hai / parameSThI kI zaraNa meM jAne se unakI smRti evaM cintana se rAgadveSamaya pravRtri avaruddha ho jAtI hai, puruSArtha kI vRddhi hone lagatI hai aura AtmA meM ratnatrayaguNa-samyagdarzana - jJAna va cAritra, AvirbhUta ho jAte haiN| parameSThI kI arcanA-bhakti kisI anya paramAtmA athavA zakti vizeSa kI ArAdhanA nahIM hai,pratyuta vaha apanIAtmAkIhI upAsanA karanA hai / jJAna-darzana meM akhaNDa caitanya AtmA ke svarUpa kA anubhava kara apane akhaNDa sAdhaka svabhAva kI upalabdhi hI bhavya sattva kA parama lakSya hai / parameSThI ke smaraNa evaM stavana meM itanI bar3I zakti hai ki isake sAkSAtkAra hote hI samyaktva aura kevalajJAna sahaja hI utpanna ho jAte haiM / nizcayanaya kI apekSA samyaktva aura kaivalya AtmA meM sadaiva vidyamAna rahate haiM kAraNa ki ye AtmA ke svabhAva haiM / parameSThI usase bhinna nahIM haiM, svayaM AtmasvarUpa haiM / isa taraha AtmA svakalyANa meM athavA svayaM parameSThI banane meM svayameva upAdAna aura nimitta kAraNa hai / vizada evaM vizuddha AtmA paramAtmA, paramajyoti hI parameSThI haiM / prastuta zodha-prabandha meM inhIM paJca parameSThiyoM ke svarUpa ko adhyayana kA viSaya banAyA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM arahanta kI kalpanA prAk-vaidika hai | bhavya-jIva kisI janma meM tIrthaMkara banane kA praNidhAna karatA hai aura vahI sAdhanA ke caramotkarSa para pahuMca kara bhaviSya meM arahanta tIrthakara bana jAtA hai / jina, kevalI aura sarvajJa bhI yahI kahalAtA hai| bauddhadarzana meM bhI arahanta kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / yahAM arhattva aura nirvANa meM koI bheda nahIM hai / bauddhoM ke anusAra rAgadveSa evaM moha Adi ke kSINa ho jAne 1. yo kho Avuso rAgakkhayo dosakkhayo mohakkhayo idaM vuccati arahantaM / saM0ni0 3.252 ___ yo kho Avuso rAgakkhayo dosakkhayo mohakkhayo idaM vuccati nibbAnaM / vahI, 3.251

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upasaMhAra 251 para arhattva kI upalabdhi hotI hai |arhattvalAbha hI prANimAtra kA lakSya hai / yaha prArambhika bauddhAnuyAyI sthaviroM kI mAnyatA hai kintu mahAyAna darzana meM bodhi sattvasamyagsambodhiprApta karane kA praNidhAna karatA hai aura sambodhi lAbha ke hote hI vaha kRtakRtya ho jAtA hai tathA janma, jarA aura maraNarUpa bhakcakra se sadaiva ke lie chUTa jAtA hai / jaina vAGmaya meM arahanta ke lie arihanta, araha, araho, aruha tathA aruhanta Adi zabdoM kA prayoga bhI milatA hai | AtmakalyANa meM nirata bhavya sAdhaka tapa-sAdhanA ke dvArA guNaghAtaka-jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya ina cAra ghAtiyA karmoM kA vipraNAza karatA hai aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke terahaveM guNasthAna meM Ate hI kaivalya ko upalabdha kara letA hai / kaivalya hI sarvajJatva haiM / isI ko yogakevalI bhI kahA jAtA hai / vItarAgI tIrthaMkara deva jainoM ke anusAra 24 mAne gae haiM jo anantajJAna-darzana-cAritra evaM vIryarUpa anantacatuSTaya, azoka vRkSa Adi aSTamahAprAtihArya tathA cauMtIsaatizaya isa prakAra chayAlIsa guNoM se sampanna hote haiM / indrAdi devoM ke dvArA inake paMcakalyANaka mahotsava manAe jAte haiM / tIrthaMkara ke lie indra samavasaraNa kI bhI racanA karatA hai | isa samavasaraNa meM sampUrNa jagat ke carAcara prANIarahantatIrthaMkara ke divyadhvani rUpa saddharmAmRta kA pAna karate haiN| arahanta kevalI ke yoga kA abhAva hote hI ayogakevalI avasthA pragaTa ho jAtI hai / isa nirAkAra avasthA ko siddha kahA jAtA hai / siddha aSTakarmarUpI Idhana ko jalAkara bhasma karane vAle hote haiM / ve kSayika samyaktva aura kSAyika jJAna se sampanna parameSThI samasta pApakarmoM se virahita hote haiM / ye ziva, acala, aruja,ananta, akSaya,avyAbAdha rUpa siddha anantacatuSTaya se ota-prota rahate hue loka ke agrabhAga 'siddhazilA' para sthita rahate haiM / aise ina siddhoM ko arahanta bhI namana karate haiM- oma namaH siddhebhyaH / ataH sarva-pUjya to siddha hote hI haiM kintu bhavya jIvoM ke lie mokSamArga pradarzaka hone se arahanta ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai| jainadarzanakI mAnyatAnusAra pRthvIlokaparaavasarpiNI kA paJcamakAla duSSamA cala rahA hai aura arahanta isase pUrva duSamA-suSamA nAmaka caturthakAla meM hI hote haiM / vartamAna meM antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra svAmI kA tIrthakAla cala rahA hai aura zramaNa saMgha hI unakA pratinidhitva kara rahA hai / jaina zramaNa saMgha ke adhipati AcArya, guru upAdhyAya aura sAdhu ye tIna pramukha aMga haiM / sAdhu hI tapa, sAdhanA aura jJAna meM adhyAtma vikAsa kara kramazaH upAdha yAya aura AcArya banate haiM /

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252 jaina darzana me paJca parameSThI AcArya va upAdhyAya donoM hI pratiSThita pada haiM | AcArya battIsa guNoM se aura upAdhyAya paccIsa guNoM se sampanna hote haiM |dharmaguru AcArya vartamAna meM tIrthaMkara tulya hote haiM | dharma kI maryAdA banAe rakhanA unakA pramukha kArya hai| paJcendriyoM ko vaza meM karane vAle, nava brahmacarya kI guptiyoM ke dhAraka, krodha Adi paMcAcAroM ke pAlana meM samartha, pAMca samiti evaM tIna guptiyoM ke gAraka AcArya apanI zruta Adi aSTasampadAoM se zramaNa - saMgha kI zobhA bar3hAte haiM / prakRSTajJAnI zrutaguru upAdhyAya ajJAnarUpI andhakAra meM bhaTake hue sattvoM ko jJAna-pradIpa-prakAza pradAna karate haiM / upAdhyAya dvAdazAMga ke adhyetA aura jJAnadAtA hote haiM / ve karaNa-caraNa saptati va ratnatraya se sampanna tathA ATha prakAra kI prabhAvanA ko bar3hAne vAle hote haiM / aise paccIsa guNoM ke dhArI upAdha yAya guru ko Agama meM zaMkha,kAmbojAzva, vRddhahastI,dhaureya vRSabha Adi upamAoM se vibhUSita karate hue unake svarUpa para vizada prakAza DAlA gayA hai| arahanta ke lie sAdhu honA paramAvazyaka hai / sAdhutva hI arhattvalAbha kI pAtratA ko pragaTa karatA hai / sAdhutva dhAraNa karane para sAdhaka ko pAMca mahAvrata, pAMca samiti, tIna gupti, paJcendriyanigraha, SaDAvazyaka Adi jisameM pramukha haiM aise sattAIsa niyamoM kA nirdoSa pAlana karanA hotA hai / jo unake guNoM ke nAma se jAne jAte haiM / sAdhu ke AcaraNa meM sAmAcArI, upakaraNa, bhikSAcaryA evaM usakI kaThora tapazcaryA kA bhI vizeSa mahattva hai / vAGmaya meM sAdhu ko kAMsyapAtra, zaMkha, kacchapa, svarNa, kamalapatra Adi ikatIsa upamAeM dekara usake guNoM evaM svarUpa ko samucita rUpa se spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / jaina AcArya, upadhyAya evaM sAdhu ke prati kI gaI arcA-pUjA evaM vaiyAvRttya mahAn phala pradAna karane vAlI hotI hai inake prati samabhAva se kI gaI bhakti tIrthaMkaratva kI upalabdhi meM mUlahetu hai / isa taraha paJca parameSThI kA saMkIrtana karane se sattva ko mAnasika zuddhi to prApta hotI hai sAtha hI usake jIvana meM eka vicitra parirvatana bhI hotA hai / sadAcaraNa ke pariNAma svarUpa usakI karmagranthI bhaMga ho jAtI hai jisase vaha bhedavijJAnI bana jAtA hai / ekamAtra jJAna kevalajJAna>sarvajJatva arhattva>kI upalabdhi hI bhavya sattva kA uddezya jo hai / 0-0-0

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sahAyaka grantha-sUcI 1 anuyogadvAra sUtra bhAga-2: sampAdaka muni kanhaiyAlAla, akhila bhAratIya zvesthAnakavAsI jainazAstroddhAra samiti rAjakoTa (saurASTra), 1968 2 anekAnta (zodha patrikA): sampAdakaH gokula prasAda jaina, varSa 28, kiraNa 1, vIra sevA mandira,21, dariyAgaMja, dillI, vIra ni0 saM0 2501 3- abhijJAnazAkuntala : kAlidAsa, sarasvatI hAUsa, dillI, 1677 4- abhidharmAmRta: ghoSaka, sampAdaka zAntibhikSu zAstrI, vizvabhAratI, zAntiniketana, 1653 5- abhidhAnacintAmaNi hemacandra, vyAkhyAkAraH haragovinda zAstrI, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, 1664 6- abhidhAnarAjendrakoSaH vijaya rAjendra sUri, jaina prabhAkara priMTiMga praisa, ratalAma 7- amarakoSa (maNiprabhA TIkA): amarasiMha, caukhambA saMskRta sIrija Aphisa, vArANasI, 1668 8- amRta kalaza : sampAdikA sAdhvI jinaprabhA, sAdhvI svarNa rekhA, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, curu (rAja0), 1687 6- azoka ke abhilekha: DA0 rAjabalI pANDeya, jJAnamaNDala limiTeDa, vArANasI, vi0 saM0 2022 10-aSTapAhuDa: kundakundAcArya, TIkAkAraH zrutasAgara sUri, zrIzAntivIra digambara jaina saMsthAna, zrIzAntivIra nagara, vAyA zrI mahAvIra jI (rAja0) vIrani0 saM0 2464 11-AcArAGgavRtti: AcArya zIlAMka, siddhacakra sAhitya samiti, bambaI, vi0 saM0 1661 12- AtmAnuzAsana: guNabhadra, sampAdakaH paM0 bAlacandra siddhAntazAstrI, jaina saMskRti saMgha, zolApura, 1680

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254 13- AdipurANa : 14-Apastamba-dharmasUtraH 15- Apta-parIkSA : jaina darzana me paJca parameSThI jinasena, sampAdaka paM0 pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, 1651 DA0 umezacandra pANDeya, caukhambA saMskRta sIrija, vArANasI, 16.66 vidyAnanda, sampAdaka va anuvAdaka paM0 darabArIlAla koThiyA, vIra sevA mandira, sarasAvA, 1646 samantabhadra,vIra sevA mandira, dillI, 1667 vAcanApramukha AcArya tulasI, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAja0) vi0 saM0 2031 vAcanA pramukha AcArya tulasI, jaina zve0 terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA, 1967 devasena, zrI zAntisAgara jaina siddhAnta prakAzinI saMsthA, zrImahAvIra jI (rAja0) vIrasaM0 2484 16-Apta-mImAMsA : 17-AyAro: 18-AyAro taha AyAracUlA : 16-ArAdhanAsAra: jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAja0). 1987 20 AvassayaM navasuttANi bhAga-5: 21- iSTopadeza : 22 isi bhAsiyAI suttAI : pUjyapAda, zrI zAntisAgara jaina siddhAnta prakAzinI saMsthA, zrI mahAvIra jI, vIra ni0 saM0.2464 sampAdakaH munimanohara,sudharmAjJAnamandira, kAMdAvAr3I (bambaI). 1663 sampAdikAHsAdhvI candanA,vIrAyatanaprakAzana, AgarA, 1672 jaina zAstramAlA kAryAlaya, lAhaura, 1636-42 23-uttarAdhyayanasUtra: 24-uttarAdhyayanasUtra (AtmArAma TIkA):

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sahAyaka grantha-sUcI 255 25-uttarAdhyayanaH eka vAcanA pramukhaAcArya tulasI, jaina zve0 samIkSAtmaka adhyayanaH terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA, 1668 26- RgvedasaMhitA: paM0 zrIpAda dAmodara sAtavalekara, svAdhyAya maNDala pArar3I (gujarAta) / 27- oghaniyukti : vRtti jJAnasAgara sUri, zreSThidevacanda lAlabhAI-jaina pustakoddhAra saMsthA, sUrata, 1674 28 ovAiyaM uvaMga suttANi jaina vizvabhAratI lADanUM prakAzana, (bhAga-4): 1657 26--karmaprakRti nemicandrAcArya, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, 1664 30-kalpasUtra : bhadrabAhu, sampAdakaH devendra muni, zrIamara jaina Agama zodha saMsthAna, sivAnA (rAja0). 1668 31 kArtikeyAnuprekSA : svAmikumAra, zrImad rAyacandra Azrama, agAsa, 1660 32 kumArasambhava : kAlidAsa, caukhambA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI, vi0 saM0 2044 33 khAravelaprazasti paM0 candrakAnta bAlI zAstrI, punarmulyAMkana : pratibhA prakAzana, dillI, 1688 34-khuddakanikAya (cullaniddeza) : sampAdakaH bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapa, bihAra rAjya pAli pablikezana borDa paTanA, 1656 - 35 gacchAyAra paiNNaMya sampAdakaH muni puNyavijaya, paiNNayasuttAiM (prathama bhAga): zrImahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI-36, 1984 36- gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa): nemicandra saiddhAntika cakravartI, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, AgAsa, 1672

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256 37. ceiyavaMdaNamahAbhAsaM : jaina darzana me paJca parameSThI zrIzAntisUri saMkalita, sapAdaka:muni zrIcaturavijaya,zrI jainaAtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1670 - hAlA daulatarAma, anuvAdakaH maganalAla jaina, zrI digambara jaina svAdhyAya mandira TrasTa, sonagar3ha (saurASTra), vIra ni0 saM0 2463 36 jinarAhasanAma paM0 AzAdhara, sampAdakaH hIrAlAla jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, vi0 saM02010 40-- jaina tattva kalikA : sampAdakaH amara muni, AtmA jJAnapITha, mAnasA maNDI (paMjAba), 1682 41 - jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa balabhadra jaina, prakAzaka: mai0 kesarIcanda (prathama bhAga): zrIcanda cAvala vAle, nayA bAjAra dillI-6,vIra ni0 saM0 2500. 42- jaina dharma kA saMkSipta itihAsa : tejasiMha gauDa, jayadhvaja prakAzana samiti, madrAsa, 1680 43-jainadharma-darzana : DaoN0 mohanalAla mehatA, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1673. 44 jaina pUjana pATha pradIpa : prakAzaka jaina sAhitya sadana, digambara lAla madiMra dillI, vIra samvata 2508 45-- jaina dharmAmRta: sampAdakaH hIrAlAla jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1660 46- jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI, zrIgaNeza prasAda (pUrva pIThikA): varNI, jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI, vIrani0 saM02486 47-- jaina sAhitya kA bRhad sampAdakaH paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA tathA itihAsa (bhAga 1 varoH -------a mohana lAla mehatA, pArzvanAtha......... vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1666

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sahAyaka grantha-sUcI 257 4.--jaina siddhAnta bola saMgraha : saMgrahakartAH bhairodAna seThiyA, agaracanda (bhAga 1) bhairodAna seThiyA jaina pAramArthika saMsthA, bIkAnera, vi0 saM0 2006 46-- jainendra siddhAnta koza kSu0 jinendra varNI, bhAratIya (bhAga 1 va 2): jJAnapITha prakAzana, 1670 5. jJAtAdharmakathAgasUtra : sampAdakaH muni kanhaiyAlAla, akhila (bhAga-1): bhAratIya zve0 sthAnakavAsI jainazAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa (saurASTra), 1663 51-- jJAnapITha-pUjAJjali : sampAdakaH DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, 1657 52- ThANaM : vAcanA pramukha AcArya tulasI, jainavizvabhAratI lADanUM, 1676 53-- tatvArthavRti : zrutasAgara sUri, sampAdaka pro0 mahendra kumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, 1646 54-- tattvArthasAra : amRtacandra sUri, sampAdaka paM0 pannAlAla jaina, zrIgaNeza prasAdavarNI granthamAlA, vArANasI, 1670 55- tattvArthasUtra : umAsvAti, vivecaka :paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1685 56- tiloyapaNNatti (bhAga 1): yativRSabha, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura 1656 57- tIrthaMkara : sumeracandra divAkara, jabalapura, 1660 58- tIrthaMkara, (vicAra mAsika): sampAdaka DA0 nemicandra jaina, 65 patrakAra kAlonI, kanAr3iyA ror3a, indaura, janavarI, 1981 56 - tIrthaMkara, buddha aura avatAra : DaoN0 rameza candra gupta, pArzvanAtha vidyAzramazodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1988

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258 60-tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA (khaNDa-1): jaina darzana me paJca parameSThI DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI, akhila bhAratIya digambarajainavidvatpariSad,1674 61-dazabhakti : kundakundAcArya, saMskRta TIkA prabhAcandra, prakAzakaH tAtyA gopAla zeTe, zolApura, 1621 62-dazavaikAlikasUtra : vAcanApramukha AcArya, tulasI,zve0 terApaMthI mahAsabhA, kalakattA, vi0 saM0 2020 63-dazavakAlikasUtra : prakAzaka zrI RSabhadeva kesarImala zvetAmbara (jinadAsa cUrNi) saMsthA, ratalAma, 1633 64- dazavaikAlikasUtra vRtti: / haribhadrasUri, devacanda lAla bhAI jaina pustakoddhAra bhaNDAgAra saMsthA, vi0 saM01674 65- dazAzrutaskandhasUtra : TIkAkAraH ghAsIlAla jI mahArAja, akhila bhAratIya zve0 sthAnakavAsI jainazAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, 1660 66- dIgha nikAya (bhAga 1 va 2): sampAdaka ena0 ke0 bhAgavata, bambaI vizvavidyAlaya, bambaI / 67- dravyasaMgraha : nemicandra,gaNeza prasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA, kAzI, 1666 68--dhammapada: 66- dharmabindu : sampAdakaHbhikSudharmarakSita,mAsTarakhelAr3I lAla,saMkaTAprasAda saMskRta pustakAlaya, kacaur3I galI, vArANasI, 1671 haribhadra sUri, hindI jaina sAhitya pracAraka maMDala, nAgajI bhUdhara kI pola, ahamadAbAda, vi0 saM0 2007 paM0 AzAdhara, sampAdakaH siddhAntAcArya paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI,bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, 1677 70-dharmAmRta (anagAra):

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sahAyaka grantha-sUcI 259 71- dhavalA TIkA (prathama pustaka): vIrasena, sampAdaka : DA0 hIrAlAla jaina, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha,solApura, 1673 72-dhavalA TIkA (pustaka 13): vIrasena,jaina sAhityoddhAraka phaMDa kAryAlaya, bhelasA (ma0 bhA0), 1655 73-dhAtupAThaH: pANini, vaidika pustakAlaya, ajamera, 1678 74-nandIsUtra: vivecaka:paM0 muni zrI pArasa kumAra, akhila bhAratIya sAdhumArgI jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, sailAnA (ma0 pra0) vi0 saM0 2023 75-nayacakra: mAilladhavala, sampAdaka : siddhAntAcArya paM0kailAzacandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, 1644 76 nAmamAlA sabhASya : dhanaJjaya,bhASyakAraHamarakIrti,sampAdakaH paM0 zambhunAtha tripAThI, bhAratIya jJAnapIta, prakAzana, 1650 77-niyamasAra: 78-nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa (bhAga 1 va 2): 76- paMcatantra: kundakunda, zrI digambara jaina svAdhyAya mandira TrasTa, sonagar3ha (saurASTra) vIra ni0 saM0 2487 vAdirAjasUri, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, 1646, 1654 viSNuzarmA,caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, vi0 saM0 2015 kavi rAjamalla, gaNeza prasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA, banArasa, vIra saM0 2476 haribhadra,prakAzakaH RSabhadevakesarImalajaina, peDhI ratalAma, 1641 vimalasUri, sampAdakaH harmana jaikobI, prAkRta grantha pariSad, vArANasI, 1662 80- paJcAdhyAyI: 81- paMcAsaka : 82- paumacariyaM (bhAga-1):

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200 jaina darzana me paJca parameSThI 83- padmanandi-paMcaviMzati: 84- padma purANa : 85-paramAtmaprakAza : padmanandi, sampAdakaH pro0 hIrAlAla jaina, jaina saMrakRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura,1662 raviSeNa,bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana,1677 yogIndu,zrImadrAjacandra,jaina zAstramAlA, agArA (gujarAta), vi saM0 1672 pANini, bhaMDArakara oriyaNTala risarca insTIcyUTa, pUnA, 1635 86-pANini aSTAdhyAyI : 87-puruSArtha saddhayupAya : amRtacandra sUri, zrI di0 jaina svAdhyAya mandira TrasTa, sonagar3ha, vi saM0 2026 nemicandrAcArya,mANikacandra, digambara jaina granthamAlA,bambaI,1614 88-pratiSThAtilaka: 86-prameyakamalamArtaNDa : prabhAcandra, sampAdaka: paM0 mahendra kumAra zAstrI, nirNaya sAgara praisa, bambaI, 1641 60-pravacanasAra: kundakunda, zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrImad rAjacandra Azrama agAsa, 1984 61--pravacanasAroddhAra (bhAga 2): prakA) : prerita devavandra laalgaaii| purataphoddhAra saMsthA, granthAMka-- 58. va 64. nirNaya sAgara praisa, bambaI, vi0 saM0 167r , 1682 vararuci,punthI pustaka,kalakattA-4.1662 62-prAkRta-prakAza : 63-bodhicAryAvatAra : zAntideva, sampAdakaH parazurAma zarmA, mithilA vidyApITha, darabhaMgA, 1660 sampAdakaH nalinAkSa datta, paTanA, 1666 64-bodhisattva bhUmi: / 65--bauddhadharma-darzana : narendradeva, bihAra -- rASTrabhASA-pariSad, paTanA, 1656 66-brahyasUtrazAkarabhASya : hanumAna dAsa SaTzAstrI, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, 1677

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261 sahAyaka grantha-sUcI 67-bRhadkalpasUtra : 68-bhagavaI-aMgasuttANi (bhAga-2) prakAzaka : jIvarAja ghelAbhAI doSI, ahamadAbAda, 1615 jaina vizvabhAratI lADanUM prakAzana, vi0 saM0 2031 zivArya, sampAdaka evaM anuvAdaka : paM0 kailAzacandra siddhAntazAstrI, jaina saMskRti saraMkSaka saMgha, zolApura. 1678. 66-bhagavatI ArAdhanA (bhAga 1 va 2): 100- bhagavatIsUtra vRtti : abhayadeva sUri, nirNaya sAgara mudraNAlaya, bambaI, 1618 101- bhaTTikAvya : bhaTTi, caukhambA saMskRta sIrija Aphisa, vArANasI, 1673 baladeva upAdhyAya, caukhambAoriyanTAliyA, vArANasI; 1984 102-- bhAratIya darzana : 103-maMgalamantra NamokAra : eka anucintanaH nemicandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, 1660 14. maMgalavANI (AThavAM saMskaraNa) : sampAdaka muni agolaka candra, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA 105- manusmRti : caukhambA saMskRta sIrija, vAsaNasI, 1676 106- mahApurANa : 107- mahAvaggapAli: jinasena,bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1644 sampAdaka : bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapa, bihAra rAjya pAli prakAzana maMDala, 1656 108-- milindaprazna : anuvAdakaH bhikSujagadIza kAzyapa, jetavana mahAvihAra pAli saMsthAna, zrAvastI, 1672 arhaddAsa, anu0 DA0 dinezakumAra siMhala, karanAla, 1662 106- munisuvratakAvyam-:

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262 110- mUlAcAra (bhAga 1 va 2) : jaina darzana me paJca parameSThI AcArya vaTTakera, vRtti vasunandI siddhAntacakravartIsampAdakaH siddhAntAcArya paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, 1984, 1986 medinIkara, sampAdakaH somanAtha zarmA nyU saMskRta praisa, kalakattA, 1868 karna, inDolojikala buka hAUsa, dillI, 1668 111- medinI: 112- mainyuala oNpha buddhijma: 113- yazaritalakacampU (saTIka) : somadeva, sampAdakaH sundaralAla zAstrI zrI mahAvIra jaina granthamAlA, kAThuravAr3I vArANasI, 1671 114- yogabindu : 115- yogavAsiSTha : 116-yogazAstra: haribhadrasUri lAlabhAI dalapata bhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira, ahamadAbAda, 1668 vAlmIki, munzIrAma manohara lAla pablizarsa, dillI, 1981 hemacandra, jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1626 kAlidAsa, caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja Aphisa, vArANasI, 1661 samantabhadra,sampAdaka : paM0 pannAlAla basanta, vIrasevA mandira TrasTa, vArANasI 1672 117- raghuvaMza : 118-ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra : 116- vavahAra suttaM : sampAdakaH muni kanhaiyAlAla 'kamala' Agama anuyoga prakAzana, sAMDerAva (rAja0).1680 120- vasunandi-zrAvakAcAra : vasunandi,sampAdaka: DaoN0hIrAlAla jaina bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, 1644

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sahAyaka grantha-sUcI 263 121-vAcaspatyam : tArAnAthatarkavAcaspati bhaTTAcArya, caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja Aphisa, vArANasI, 1666 nAga pablizarsa, javAhara nagara, dillI, 1683 122- vAyupurANa 123- vAlmIki rAmAyaNa , 124- vizeSAvazyakabhASya : vAlmIki, lakSmI vir3a kaTezvara mudraNAlaya, kalyANa-bambaI, vi0 saM0 1662 sampAdakaH muni rAjendra vijaya, bAi samaratha jaina zve0 mU0 jJAnoddhAra TrasTa, kAlupura ror3a, ahamadAbAda, vIra saM0 2486 125- viSNumahApurANa: nAga pablizarsa, javAhara nagara, dillI, 1985 126 viSNusahasranAmastotra : 127-- visuddhimago: . sampAdakaH gaurI zaMkara, vizvezvarAnanda vaidika zodha saMsthAna, hoziyArapura, 1666 buddhaghoSa, sampAdaka:dharmAnanda kauzAmbI, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI, 1640 sakalakIrti, sampAdaka: paM0 hIrAlAla jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1674 128- vIravarghamAnacarita : 126- vyavahArabhASya: prakAzaka: vakIla kezavadAsa premacanda, Ananda priMTiMga praisa,bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1664 130- zramaNa pratikramaNa : jaina vizvabhAratI prakAzana, 1984 131- zrImadAvazyakasUtraniryukte- bhadrabAhu, vRtti haribhadra sUri nirNayasAgara ravacUrNi: praisa, bambaI, 1665 132- zrImadbhagavadgItA : gItA praisa gorakhapura, vi saM0 2031

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264 jaina darzana-me paJca parameSThI 133- zrImadbhAgavata : sampAdakaH paM0 zrI rAmateja pANDeya, caukhambA saMskRta pratiSThAna, dillI, 1696 134-saMyukta nikAya : sampAdakaH bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapa, nAlandA prakAzana, 1954 135 d iMgaliza DikzanarI : moniyara viliyamsa, dillI 1676 136-saMskRta-zabdArtha kaustubha : tAriNIza jhA, prakAzakaH rAmanArAyaNa lAla, ilAhAbAda, 1657 137- saMskRta hindI--kozaH vAmana zivarAma ApTe, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, 1677 138--- sabhASya tattvArthAdhigamasUtra : umAsvAti, paramazruta prabhAva. jainamaNDala,jauharIcAjAra khAsakuAM, bambaI, 1632 4:30. samayasAra: 136- samaNasuttaM : sarva-sevA-saMgha-prakAzana,rAjaghATa, vArANasI, 1675 kundakunda, zrI digambara jaina svAdhyAya mandira TrasTa sonagar3ha (bhAvanagara) vIra saM0 2468 241-- samarAiccakahA (bhAga 1 va 2): haribhadra sUri, jaina sosAyaTI ahamadAbAda 163. 1642 142- samavAo : 143- samavAyAGgavRtti: jaina vizvabhAratI lADanUM, 1684 abhayadeva sUri. Agamodaya samiti, mesANA, 1618 devanandi pUjyapAda, sampAdakaH paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra,vIra sevA mandira, sarasAvA, 1636 144- samAdhitantra : 145- samIcIna dharmazAstra : samantabhadra,sampAdakaH paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra, vIra sevA mandira,dillI,1655

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265 sahAyaka grantha-sUcI 146- sarvArthasiddhi : 147- sAgAradharmAmRta : 148- siddhAntasArasaMgraha pUjyapAda, sampAdaka paM0 phUlacandra, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, 1644 paM0 AzAdhara, sarala jaina grantha bhaNDAra, jabalapura, vIra saM0 2482 narendra sena, sampAdakaH jinadAsa zAstrI,jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA, zolApura, 1657 anantavIrya, sampAdakaH DA0 mahendra kumAra jaina,bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, 1656 anuvAdakaH bhikSudharmaratna, mahAbodhi sabhA sAranAtha, 1660 jaina vizvabhAratI lADanUM, 1984 146-siddhivinizcayaTIkA (bhAga-2): 150- suttanipAta : 151- sUyagaDo : 152- stuti vidyA : samantabhadra, anuvAdaka: paM0 pannAlAla jaina, vIra sevA, mandira, sarasAvA, 1650 153- sthAnAGgasUtravRtti : abhayadeva sUri, zAradA mudraNAlaya, ahamadAbAda, 1637 154- syAdvAdamaMjarI : 155- svayambhUstotra : malliSeNa, rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa (gujarAta), 1670 samantabhadra, paM0 jugala kizora mukhtAra sampAdita, vIra sevA mandira, sarasAvA (sahAranapura), vi saM02008 hanumAna, caukhambA saMskRta sIrija Aphisa, vArANasI, 1678 jinasena, mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA, hIrAbAga, bambaI 156- hanumannATaka : 157- harivaMza purANa :

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