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with lotus posture on the golden lotus. It seems this was the news of the sudden passing away of Bhagavan Mahavira, first feat in the history of delivering such a long speech while the former was returning. Gautam (Indrabhuti) was without taking food or water.
the eldest son of Vasubhuti a Gautam shrotriya Brahmin of Painting 47: Before the final rites of the lifeless mortal the town Gober in the state of Magadha. frame started, the gods decorated the body with the crown As Gotra name had assumed greater significance, he etc.16 and he was creamated with Sandalwood.
was better known among all as Gautam Swami, rather Painting 48: The Painting illustrates Gautam Swamiji than by his own name - Indrabhuti. For excellent manathe first among the Ganadharas of Bhagavan Mahavira
gement of the order of ascetics the teaching section was
divided into nine departments (Ganas) under various teacwhile he delivers his first religious discourse in the correct style of the speaker adopting the lotus-posture on the
hers who were known as Ganadharas led by Gautam. He golden lotus created by gods under the Ashoka tree, after he
was initiated at the city of Pavapuri when he was fifty had attained absolute enlightenment. On both the sides are
years of age and had attained absolute enlightenment
(Kevali) when he was eighty two. His end came at the age shown gods who sing the glory of absolute enlightenment. On
of 92 when he fasted for one month. (It should be noted that the left upper corner Gautam-Swamiji is shown instructing
Gautam Swamiji is distinct from Gautam Buddha). A verse Devasharma, the Brahmin and on the right corner is shown
about Gautam Swamiji: Gautam Swamiji who weeps bitterly when he hears the
Nectar was at his toe and he was treasure-house of all 16. Decoration of the dead body is mentioned in the Prakrit book-Mahavira
achievements. We remember Gautam Swamiji who fulfils Chariyam.
all our desires.
APPENDICES Further information about the history and philosophy of Jainism and biographical details about Bhagavan Mahavira APPENDIX 1 HOLY TOURS
a cowherd's cruelty put him to test. Note - The information provided here is limited only to those names and words mentioned in the descriptions about the paintings and which are ass.
Kashi - This was the territory of which Benares was the ociated with the holy tours and the monsoon halts of Bhagavan Mahavira
capital. The territory at that time was part of the State of
Koshala. 1. Places visited by Bhagavan Mahavira during the holy
Kollaka Sannivesha - This town was situated near the town tours and the monsoon halts. Modern locations of some of
of Vanijyagam. Bhagavan Mahavira broke his fast on the them have not been traced while modern locations are next day after his initiation. mentioned wherever they could be traced.
Koshala Janapada - This state was in northern India and *Apapapuri - The city was formerly known as Apa pa-puri Shravasti was its capital. which means a city without sins but with the passing away of Kaushambi - The territory near Prayag in northern India. Bhagavan Mahavira, the people named it as Pavapuri or The city bore the same name as the territory and in BhaPapapuri. There were at that time three places known as gavan Mahavira's times it was the capital of the State of Pava and so this Pava should be known as 'Pava Madh- Vatsa. The ruler Udayana and his mother Mrigavati were yama' the middle-Pava. It was the 42nd monsoon halt of great devotees of Bhagavan Mahavira. Bhagavan Mahavira.
Kshatriyakunda Gamt - Some archaeologists and scholars *Asthikagam - It was situated in the Videha territory and
hold that Vasukundagam near Besadpatti in Mujfarpur
district is the original city of Kshatriyakunda. This was the on its out skirt there was a temple of Shoolapani a demigod.
birth place of Bhagavan Mahavira and the ruler was Sid*Alambhikal - This was situated between the cities of Raj.
dharatha. The truth about the latter fact can be revealed agriha and Kashi.
only through intensive research. Rujuvalu (U) ka River - Archaeologists and scholars have
Ganga - This is one of the two great rivers of India. not yet been able to discover the exact location of this
According to the Jaina scripture its origin is at Padmadrariver but it seems it was near the Shal tree under which
ha near Kshudra chulla in the Himalayas while modern Bhagavan Mahavira had attained absolute enlightenment.
explorers declare Gangotri as its origin. Bhagavan The tree was in the field of Shyamaka, a farmer. Nearby
Mahavira had crossed it twice incognito and many times was the village of Jrimbhik.
by ships, with the groups of male and female ascetics after Kanakakhal Ashrama - This hermitage was situated near attaining absolute enlightenment. the city of Shvetambi. Chandakaushika a cruel, horrifying
Gunasheela Chaitya - A famous garden of Rajagriha. serpent who would kill his victim by a simple gaze had put
Bhagavan Mahavira used to station here often. It was the Bhagavan Mahavira upon an ordeal at this very hermitage. He lived at this hermitage in meditation for fifteen days after showing the correct way of life to the serpent. 4. Bhagavati, Kalpasutra, Avashyakadi Agama and other sacred texts of both Kumar (Karmar) Gam - This was situated near Kshatriya
the Shvetambara as well as Digambara Jains have referred to this city as
Kunda, Kunda G (r) ama and Kundapura. As the classes of Kshatriyas and Kunda, the birth place of Bhagavan Mahavira. Bhagavan
Brahmins were staying in groups in different parts, the northern part where Mahavira stayed here on the first night after initiation and Kshatriyas lived was known a Kshatriyakunda gama-nagara and the
southern part of Brahmins was known as Brahminkunda-gama-nagara. This name has been mostly used. The name Kundapura has been parti
cularly used by the epic-poet Asaga, Acharya Jinsena, Acharya Gunabha • This sign shows the place where Bhagavan Mahavira stayed during the
dra and other. Digambara scholars. The author of Jayadhavala has used monsoon.
the word Kundapurapura. Besides, the author of Acharanga Sutras has 1. The name of the places are given here, not in Prakrit language but in
used the word Sannivesa for the city. So the word Sannivesa should be Sanskrit.
interpreted as a city as Siddhartha was a king. In Trishashti (2-15) Hema2. Scholars identify Alambhika with Alambhiya
chandracharya has introduced Brahmankunda as Sannivesha and Kshatri. 3. It is a sad state of affairs that the location of this place has not yet been discovered even today. If discovered, it should be developed as a grand
yakunda as Para the city. place of pilgrimage as Bhagavan Mahavira had received absolute enli
5. Considering the topographical condition, he must have crossed many ghtenment here.
rivers while touring.
कायोत्सर्ग मद्रामा श्री पार्श्वनाथ
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