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Haribhadra, Jainism and Yoga
165
describes the necessity of concentration on the eternal specialities of one's deity and the fifth requires concentration on the spiritual characteristics of the deity. In such a short description of yoga, Haribhadra has provided five progressive stages of yoga whereby even a layman can take recourse to yoga step by step and ascend the heights of Yoga.
Similarly he has classified the performers of yoga here only into two categories : (1) Deśa-cāritrin and (2) the Sarva-cāritrin. The first only attempts yoga partially and only on one item. This is so because all performers of yoga have not the same intensity of will or efforts. So Haribhadra has given four sub-types of the above five types of yoga according to the intensity of will, his quick action, his stability, and his success in yoga and thus these four subjects are named by him as Iccha, Pravșitti, Sthira and Siddha respectively.
Haribbadra exhorts performance of yoga to take care in undertaking observance very properly otherwise improper observance leads to disaster and such a strict caution is given by him in the fifteenth verse of this book. Without proper path all efforts would be in vain. Proper observance is of four types (1) to which the performer has attachment (2) for which he has devotion (3) which he understands and (4) which has become a part of his nature.
By this small booklet on yoga, Haribhadra has opened the gates of yoga to the common man living in the midst of worldly life. He has described all the main stages of yoga without puzzling him by technicalities. He has shown the highest stage achieved by yoga, by a simple term like Anasambana yoga wherein the sādhaka is without any dependence and is fully self-dependent. He has prescribed the proper ways to yoga and has laid full stress on it. In short this book of Haribhadra is an instruction to yoga for the common man and is a summary for all yoga for any sādhaka of yoga.
Yoga-Satuka
It has been rightly stated by Dr. Indukalaben H. Zaveri that the subjects treated in Yoga-Sataka are almost the same as are treated in Yoga-bindu by Haribhadra and they are dealt with succintly in this smaller book.27 The subject of yoga is treated here as in Yoga-Vimśikā on Jain tradition. Pandit Sukhlalji has very pertinently made it clear that Jainism here does not mean only secterianism but only the Jain spiritual tradition. The main emphasis of Haribhadra hereinto on the observance of right conduct in accordance with the standards of popular religions and
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