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Chapter - 3
Samayusāra Theoretical interest but a very useful tool for the aspirants for apprehending and understanding the extremely complex nature of Reality.
The Substantive and the External Causes. जदि सो परदव्वाणि य करेग्ज णियमेण तम्मओ होज्ज।
जम्हा ण तम्मओ तेण सो ण तेसिं हवदि कत्ता॥३१॥ jadi so paradavvāni ya karejja niyameņa tammao hojju. jamhā na tammao tena so na tesim havadi kattā..31
जीवो ण करेदि घडं णेव पडं णेव सेसगे दव्वे।
जोगुवओगा उप्पादगा य तेसिं हवदि कत्ता॥३२॥ jīvo na karedi ghadam ņeva padam neva sesage davve.
joguvaogā uppādagā ya tesim havadi kattā..32
(Jadi) if (so) the soul (paradavvāni karejja) was the substantive cause of producing alien objects (niyamena tammao hojja) then in accordance with the law (of causality) it would be transmuted into that object; (jamhā) but since (tammao ņa) it is not transmuted (tena so tesiin kattā na havadi) it cannot be (called) its producer. [i.e., substantive cause]
(Jīvo na karedi) The soul does neither produce (ghadamn) the pot (neva padam) nor the fabric (neva sesage davve) nor any of the other such objects; (joguvaogā uppādagā tesim kattā havadi) but the soul is the producer of the activity and consciousness which are instrumental (as external causes) in producing the pot etc. Annotations :
It has been stated before that according to the law of causality, two types of causal agents are essential for producing an effect :
(i) Substantive or intrinsic cause (upādāna kāraṇa) and (ii) External cause (nimitta kāranu).
Substantive cause is the substance or (raw) material from which an object is made or produced. External (nimitta) cause, on the other hand, consists of the workmen and equipment used in the process of production. Thus clay is the substantive cause or for the production of a pot i.e. clay is transmuted into (becomes) a pot.
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