Nirgrantha-2

Author(s): M A Dhaky, Jitendra B Shah
Publisher: Shardaben Chimanbhai Educational Research Centre

Page 65

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Nirgrantha
'this man's temper is not yet cooled down, because he has an angry face'; (3) the mark positively cognised (upalabdhi) to be the cause (karana) of what is incompatible (viruddha) with the proven, e.g. 'there is no happiness in this embodied one, because of pain in heart'; (4) the mark positively cognised (upalabdhi) to be the antecedent (purvacara) of incompatible (viruddha) with the proven, e.g. 'the constellation Sakata will not rise after the end of this muhurta, because of the rise of Revati; (5) the mark positively cognised (upalabdhi) to be subsequent to (uttaracara) incompatible (viruddha) with the proven, e.g. 'the constellation Bharani did not rise, because of the rise of Pusya before muhurta'; (6) The mark positively cognised (upalabdhi) to be the concomitant of incompatible (viruddha) with the proven, e.g. 'this man has no false knowledge, for he has got the right faith'.
N. M. Kansara
The negatively cognised (anupalabhi) mark also is of two kinds, namely the negatively. cognised compatible (aviruddha) and the negatively-cognised incompatible (viruddha). Of these the negatively-cognised mark which is compatible (aviruddha) and proves negation is of seven modes, as may be differentiated by identity of nature (svabhāva), pervader (vyapaka), effect (kärya), cause (käraṇa), antecedent (pûrvacara), subsequent (uttaracara) and concomitant (sahacara). Thus (1) svabhävänupalabdhi, (2) vyapakänupalabdhi, (3) käryänupalabdhi, (4) käranänupalabdhi, (5) pürvacaränupalabdhi, (6) uttaracaranupalabdhi, and (7) sahacarânupalabdhi. The examples are: (1) there is no pitcher in this place, for its nature as known is not cognised'; (2) 'there is no śimśapa tree here, for no tree is found here'; (3) 'there is no unimportant fire, for no smoke is found'; (4) 'there is no smoke here, because of the lack of fire'; (5) 'a muhurta after, Śakata star will not rise, for Kṛttikā is not seen to rise'; (6) 'a muhurta before, Bharaṇī did not rise, for, Kṛttikā is not seen to rise'; (7) 'this man has not got right knowledge, for he is not found to possess right faith.
A negatively-cognised (anupalabdhi) mark which is incompatible (viruddha) leading to an affirmative conclusion (vidhi) is of five kinds. And thus: (1) viruddha-karya-anupalabdhi; (2) viruddha-kärana-anupalabdhi; (3) viruddha-svabhava-anupalabdhi; (4) viruddha-vyapaka-anupalabdhi; and (5) viruddha-sahacara-anupalabdhi. The examples are as follows: (1) 'In this person, there is a particular disease; for the operative signs of good health are not found in him.' (2) 'In this embodied being there is pain; for it is not united with what is liked.' (3) 'An object has many aspects; for the nature of having only one aspect is not found (in it). (4) There is shade here; for heat is not felt.' (5) This man has false knowledge; for, he is not found to have right faith.' Out of the 109 sutras of the third Pariccheda of the PNT, Subhavijaya Gani has adopted in all 79 sütras, of which 26 are slightly modified, and 77-82 and 96-102 are combined into 51 and 62, respectively; the rest of them are incorporated verbatim.
The fourth Pariccheda starts with the definition of Agama. It is the knowledge arising from authoritative sayings. It is so called by transference of epithet. For instance, 'there is a treasure here; there are things like Meru'. An authority (apta) is he who knows