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MARCH, 1921)
BOOK NOTICES
99
construction of the sentence. In these depart. or penultimate, and refers all difference in treatmonte more than in any other further immediate ment of vowels to their position in the word repearch is required. The general outlines of independent of any question of accent. But Indian phonology are now known, and can be Dr. Bloch himself presses most urgently the need clearly grasped from Dr. Bloch's book; but the for more and more research into the individual history of many of the forms still remains dark. languages and dialects before an accurate picture Only from study of the early medieval literature of of the evolution of the whole can be given. I venture India can we hope to gain more certain knowledge here a few observations, which chiefly a small of the many new forms, e.g., the postpositions, knowledge of Nepali enables me to make. tho use of which has so profoundly modified the
P. 19 1. 2 ab infra. Nepali may be added to appearance of the Indian languages. In this
Bengali and Oriya as a language in which the connection a great loss has been sustained through
sibilant is not a. the untimely death of Dr. Tessitori: for his
P. 27 1. 6 ab infra. The é o resulting from Middle researches into the early literature of Rajputana
Indian ai au, in Gujarati at least, are open sounds were just woh as Dr. Bloch himself shows to be
clearly distinguishable from the corresponding close so necessary
vowels resulting from Sanskritē ai, au. The same Lastly comes the index (pp. 285-430). This
open simple vowel in place of the diphthong is is indeed a first etymological dictionary of Marathi
heard in the Hindöstäni of the Delhi District : e. 9., and of the other modern Indo-aryan languages,
ha betha from hai baitha. See Sir Ashutosh Mukerji, despite Dr. Bloch's modest disclaimer that it has | Memorial Volumes Orientalia. Turner, and . only the appearance of being such. It may be
vowels in Gajarati and the literature there quoted. true that a real etymological dictionary would
P. 33 1. 20 ab infra. Nepali shows the same require much more minute and careful philological tendency to pronounce initial .0.88 ye. and wo. research ': but this is a fine beginning, to which
or wa-: e. g., yek or ökone' yofa:one <yout a all Indian linguists will have continual resort.
(iba-), warhlānu or Örhlānu' descend' I have heard, Under ench Marăthi word are given first the con.
the name Ogilvie regularly repeated as Wögali by nected forms and words in other Indo-aryan
Gurkhag. languages, including Singhalese, Gipsy and the P. 54 1.20 (as corrected). It seems to me doubtful Dardio languages : then, if traceable, the Prākrit, whether Dr. Bloch is right in adding Nepali to the Pali or Sanskrit forms.
languages in which final vowels have not disappear It is greatly to be hoped that Dr. Bloch will see ed. On the contrary it would seem as a whole to his way to publishing an English translation of have gone further than other Indo-aryan languages his book. Without that it would seem impossible in reducing the quantity of final longa derived from for it to attain the wide circulation in India that Mid. Indian diphthongs or vowel groups. Hence it should for the Indian student has already to forms which appear to retain Mid. Indian final face the difficulties of learning one foreign language. vowels, such as the infinitive in-nu orina beside The University of Calcutta might well undertake -na, or words like aju (adya) taba etc., are in reality such publication as a sign of its real interest cases of further shortening of a Modern Indian long in linguistio science for at present the teacher vowel. na < na nakaya: cf. ta then' kata of Indian linguistics, however good his intentions · whither', bihana 'early' beside ta kata dihind ;-nu or his qualifications, has no books to which he can! <..na <nakam;aju < ajo cf. hijo 'yesterday': rofor the Indian student unable to read French taba<tabā cf. katā utā ità. Normally Mid. Indian or German.
final vowels disappear : e g., hāt <hattho bij <vidyut. There are of course some points in Dr. Bloch's P. 132 1. 11, Is Dr. Bloch right in saying that account of the history both of sounds and of forms the b of baisnă (upavisati) represents the stage with which all cannot agree, most notably perhaps *ubavisati with apocope of 4 - occurring before the the question as to what part accent has played next stage *uvavisati (attested by Pali uvitt hain the development of the sounds. Dr. Bloch < uvavittha- and Armenian Gipsy ves-) was denies any action of a stress accent, either initial reached! The normal development of -p-: in this
1 I should like to take this opportunity of apologising for the premature appearance of my article The Indo-germanic accent in Marathi, JR.48., 1916, in which Dr. Bloch's theory is criticised. Dr. Bloch wan kind enough to send me in advance a copy of the first part of this book, which appeared under the form of a thesis in 1914. Thó confusion and interference with mails due to active service during the war lod me to suppose wrongly that his book had already been published when my article appeared in 1916. I had no idea I was referring to a work most unfortunately destined not to appear till 1920!
