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GIR
69
GOD
western gate of the new Rajgir was situated the Stûpa which was built by Ajatasatru over the relics of Buddha obtained by him as his share (Legge's Fa Hian, ch. 28). Thus the old Rajgir was abandoned, and new Rajgir became the capital of Magadha for a short period. Buddha died in the eighth year of the reign of Ajatašatru. The seat of government was removed to Pataliputra in the reign of Udayi or Udayâsva, the grandson of Ajậtasatru, who reigned from 519-503 B.C. The celebrated Bikramasilâ Vihara was according to General Cunningham, situated at Silâo, a village six miles to the north of Rajgir on the river Pañchåna where a high mound still exists, but this identification does not appear to be correct (see Bikramasill Vihara). Badgaon or ancient Nalanda, the cele. brated seat of Buddhist learning, is seven miles to the north of Rajgir. It still contains the ruins of the Buddhist Vihåras and Stâpas. Nigrantha Jhâtiputra (Nigantha Nathaputta), who resided at Rajagriha in the Chaitya of Guņağila (Kalpasútra, Samacharita) at the time of Buddha with five other Tirthaikaras named Purâņa-Kassapa, Makkhaliputta Gosalá, Ajitakesakambala, Sanjaya Belatthaputta and Pakud hakachchâ yana (Mahavagga, ch. VI, p. 31), has been identified with Mahavira, the twenty-fourth or the last Tîrthaikara of the Jainas. It was at his instigation that Srigupta, a householder of Rajagriha attempted to kill Buddha in a burning pit and with poisonous food (Avadana Kalpalata, ch. 8). Gosåla Makkhaliputta was the founder of the Ajivaka sect (Dr. Hoernle's Uvasagadasao, introduction, p. XIII and Appendix, 1, 2). Påvâpuri, where Mahâvîra died, is at a distance of ten miles to the south-west of Rajgir. Buddha, while in Râjgir, lived at Gridhrakûta, Gauta ma-Nyagrodha-ârâma, Chaura prapâta, Saptaparni cave, Krishna-hild by the side of Rishi-giri, Sapta-saundika cave, in the Sitavana-kuña, Jivaka's Mango-garden, Tapoda-ârâma and Mrigavana of Madrakukshi (Mahaparinibbâna Sutta, ch. 3). For further particulars, see Rajgir in Pt. II of this work 2. Rajgiri, the capital of Kekaya, on the north of the Bias in the Punjab (Ramayana, Ayodhya K., ch. 68). Cunningham identifies Girivrâja, the capital of Kekaya with Jalalpur, the ancient name of which was Girjak (Arch. S. Rep., II): this identification
has been adopted by Mr. Pargiter (Markandeya P., p. 318 note). Giriyak-An ancient Buddhist village on the Pañchâna river, on the southern border of
the district of Patna (see Indrakila-guha). Across the Panchana river is the Giriyek-hill which is the same as Gridhrakú ta bill, the Indrašild-guha of Hiuen Tsiang (Cunningham's Anc. Geo., p. 471). The Pañchâna river is perhaps the ancient Sappini (Sarpiņi) mentioned by Buddhaghosha in his commentary on Mahavagga, oh. 11, p. 12. The Sappini is said to have its source in the Gridhrakita mountain (see Panohananda). Giriyek is the "Hill of the Isolated Rock" of Fa Hian, but Mr. Broadley has identified it with the "rocky peak
at Bihar" (Ind. Ant., I, 19). Gode The Godavari river (Halayudha's Abhidhanaratnamala, III, 52, Aufrecht's ed.). Godavari—The river Godavari has its souroe in Brabmagiri, situated on the side of a village
called Tryamvaka, which is twenty miles from Nasik (Saura P., ch. 69; Brahma P., chs. 77, 79). Brah magiri was visited by Chaitanya (Chaitanya-Charitamţita). Some suppose that the river has its source in the neighbouring mountain called Jataphatk&. In Tryambaka, there is a tank called KusÂvartta, under which the Godavari is said to flow after issuing from the mountain. The portion of the 'Godavari on which Tryamvaka is situated is called Gautami (see Gautami). Every twelfth year, pilgrims from all parts of India resort to this village for the purpose of bathing in this sacred tank
