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5. Jivastikaya.
KALA time. It is only called 6. Kala.
a substance for a matter of conve. DHARMASTIKAYA is that nience, it is only figuratively a sub substance which is the accompanying stance. Really, time is the modificacause of the motion of moving things tion, and a particular modification and beings. The accompanying cause only; it is that modification which is necessary for the motion, without enables us to know the oldness or the accompanying cause there could
newness, the anteriority, or posterionot be any motion. Vibration would
rity of a thing or being. And be explained by this substance.
especially this modification is comADHARMASTIKAYA is the
mon to all the five substances, while accompanying cause of the stationary
it is very difficult to find other states of things and beings that are
modifications that are common to all not moving or that are resting in substances. Time is the duration of the sepse of not moving.
the states of substances; it is only AKASHASTIKAYA is that by attribution a substance, from the substance which acts as a receptacle practical point of view. It is not of all other substances; and this is made up of "pradeshas." not a kind of thing that needs to be
Pradeshas. contained. It may be called space.
(Indivisible, inseparable parts.) PUDGALASTIKAYA is that
The indivisible parts of a subsubstance the nature of which is
stance are called "pradeshas;" they such that its qualities, colour, etc.,
are thought only in imagination. In increase and decrease. Here the real
any particular soul there are insubstance is the atom, but not in
numerable pradeshas; and any partithe Theosophical sense: the real sub
'cular dravya has many pradeshas stance is the ultimate, indivisible
(the atom has 10 pradeshas). In atom. Matter in all forms is made
every pradeshas there are infinite up of atoms, but the atom is not
capacities of performing common made up of other units, is not &
action, of performing a common action mixture of other things. The atom
in innumerable ways, of acting to: is minute; it is permanent; it has
gether in innumerable ways. “Capano "pradeshas" (indivisible insepa
city” refers to the future; capacities rable parts).
are future modifications. JIVASTIKAYA is that substance whore charcteristic is "chetana"
Guna.- Paryaya. (sentience, consciousness, awarences.
Guna means the quality. Paryaya knowledge).
means the modification. Each of the above five real For instance, matter has colour, things is a collection of indivisible colour is the quality or guna; anyinseparable parts (Astikaya).
particular matter has a particular
