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atom (or whatever name one usзs for the ultimate unit of matter) too is a conglomerate of qualities and is. not made up of other things, and so too a soul is not made up of other things. The peculiar characteristic, consciousness, cannot be destroyed it can be obscured; the individual can but exist, he must exist in some condition or other, he has this general nature in common with all things, to exist is his very nature; so the consideration is not how to keep ourselves in existence but to keep ourselves in a desired condition. What is an ideal condition? Happiness is universally regarded as the ideal condition.
सचित्र खास अंक.
So whatever real thing we take to talk about, it will consist of one, or more, of these six real things, matter, spirit, space, those two ethers and figuratively time, and may be regarded simply as a real thing, a lump of clay, a brass band, a nebula, a universe, anything.
Suppose we think of a band, it is a reality, one real thing; and each of those four definitions will apply to it. In this way of regarding it, a band is not more than one thing. So too a man, or a cat, or a tree is one thing, one living being, not two.
वर्ष ८ ]
In the case of a band, this composite nature is very palpable. In the case of a man, however, who also is composite, it is not so palpable. Man is composed of body and soul, matter and spirit; so, although a man is one man, he is two substances, viz:-the conscious substance, and the visible substance, combined.
Now, although a band is one thing, obviously some parts are living beings and some parts are inanimate. So a band, although it may be regarded as one band, is nevertheless viewable as a duality; a duality; a band is something, and also it is some things namely: things animate and things inanimate, men and instruments.
To sum up, we go on unifying things until we have unified everything in the universe. Just as we unify such dissimilar things as ink, pens, and blotting paper, into statioonery, and such different BEINGS as worm, angel, tree, man into living beings, so we finally unify all real things, stationery, living beings, oceans, planete, solar systems, nebulo, space, universe, into one category which we call substance.
Substance, then is a class, just as fish, for instance, is a class; and just as there are different kinds of fish so there are different kinds of substance. Consequently in taking some one thing for consideration, such for instance as a brass band,
it may include more than one kind of substance; so too in too in speaking of man we are speaking of more than one kind of substance. As soon as man understands that he is composed of two things sentient substance and insentient substance, most of which latter goes into the grave at death, and which is not the conscious in. dividual at all, he begins to part company with all that isn't himself, to detach himself from all that isn't himself.
