The Jain 1988 07

Author(s): Natubhai Shah
Publisher: UK Jain Samaj Europe

Page 72

duration of life, a discussion stories, making it more Mulasutras. Actually only three on physiology between readable.
survive today though Mahavira and Gautama, 3. VYAVAHARA This also sometimes another text is measures of capacity and contains rules for monks and brought in to make up the time.
nuns and it is similar to the number to four. 6. CANDRAVEDHYAKA Brihatkalpa (below). It is Various questions relating to ascribed to Badrabahu.
1. UTTARADHYANA This is monastic discipline and 4. DASASRUTASKANDHA (or traditionally described as education, and to dying.
ACARADASAH) contains lists the last sermon of Mahavira 7. DEVENDRASTAVA concerns of monastic transgressions before he achieved moksa.
heavenly kings and praise of as well as the required However in its present form Mahavira.
qualities of a monastic modern scholars believe it 8. GANITAVIDYA Propitious leader and other matters of to be a composite work
dates and omens for monastic life. The Kalpa containing subject matter of monastic life.
Sutra forms part of this various dates. Nevertheless 9. MAHAPRATYAKHYANA The Chedasutra.
it is a very important and great renunciation at the BRIHATKALPA Another work well-known text. The time of death.
detailing rules for monks and contents are concerned with 10. VIRASATVA Praise of nuns. One interesting point is various topics. Matters Mahavira
that the geographical limits discussed include
beyond which monks should not temptations, chastity. daily The six surviving Chedasutras travel are mentioned: these duties, austerities, and (one other has been lost) are exclude the further western and nature of karma, and other concerned with monastic life southern parts of India, subjects. and rules. The Buddhists have a suggesting that the work was 2. DASAVAIKALIKA The rather similar collection dealing, composed at a time before meaning of the title is 'Ten like the Jain collection, with the Jainism had spread that far (lectures going) beyond minutiae of the life of a monk, beyond its original homelands. (prescribed study hours)'. and making, it must be
The chapters deal admitted, rather difficult (PANCAKALPA This work does alternately with monastic reading. However, included in not survive in its original form
life in detail, and monastic one of the Chedasutras are the and the present text under this life in general, the former rules for a monk's conduct in the name is apparently a much being the odd-numbered rainy season. This section has younger work. Details of the lectures, and the latter the been combined with a set of original Pancakalpa may be even-numbered. biographies of the Tirthankaras, deduced from references in 3 AVASYAKA Another very and lists of religious leaders, to other works.)
important work, loosely form a separate work, probably 6. JITAKALPASUTRA This text, constructed around the six the best-known and loved compiled by Jinabhadra, is essential daily formulae of religious text of the Svetambara often regarded as a recitation, with a lengthy Jains, the Kalpa Sutra. A Chedasutra, making the introduction which appears separate article later in this number up to six (if the to have been intended to issue deals with this text in missing Pancakalpa is introduce a longer work of more detail
excluded). It deals with ten which the present text is the 1. NISITHA Deals with kinds of punishment.
earlier part. monastic transgressions and
(The fourth Mulasutra has been punishments. Contains The Angabahya texts (those lost.) much incidental information outside the Angas) are on the social and cultural life frequently arranged according There are two other texts, not of early India. The longest of to the decreasing number of always regarded as canonical. the Chedasutras.
texts in the various groups These are sometimes called the 2. MAHANISITHA Related to (though this order is not Chulika sutra (meaning
the Nisitha: this text inflexible). Hence, after six 'Appendix'), but commonly they contains some interesting Chedasutras we pass on to four are listed separately without
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