Tattva Sangraha Vol 2

Author(s): Kamlashila, Ganganatha Jha
Publisher: Oriental Research Institute Vadodra

Page 33

758
TATTVASANGRAHA : CHAPTER XIX,
his thoughts are turned towards other things, he can go on repeating (automatically) words and portions of verses of that text. And it cannot be said that the initial cause of such utterances does not lie in some previous efforts put forth by the man, because, if it were not so, then, even on perceiving (misconceiving) smoke, in the vapour issuing from the cowherd's pot (and finding it as not truly indicating the Fire), one might regard the real Smoke also to be fallible as an indicative of real Fire.
From all this it follows that in all cases, there is no fallibility in the Indicative at all, when due consideration is given to the Effect, the Indicative, the Time, the Place and other details, and hence it is always present.
Nor can the Inference (of the desire to speak ') be regarded as useless ; as it serves to prove the fact of the utterance being due to the breath of the Speaker and so forth.
The phrase 'and so forth includes such conditions as the presence of defects (which can exist only in the Speaker, whose desire is inferred from the verbal statement)-(1520)
Says the Opponent"We grant that words can serve as the means of cognising the 'Desire to Speak'; but what is the Minor Term, what the Probandum, --what too the well-known relation between them, -by virtue of which the Verbal Statement can be regarded as a full-fledged Threefeatured Inference, and not a distinct Means of Cognition by itself ?"
Answer:
TEXTS (1521-1522). WHEN THE DESIRE TO SPEAK' IS THE THING TO BE inferred, THE PRESENCE OF THE THREE FEATURES IS QUITE CLEAR THE MAN IS THE Minor Term, WHEREIN THE PRESENCE OF THE DESIRE IS THE Probandum, WHICH IS PROVED BY ITS EFFECT IN THE SHAPE OF THE VERBAL STATEMENT (PROBANS). FOR EXAMPLE (THE FORM OF THE INFERENCE WOULD BE this Man IS COGNISED AS HAVING HAD THE Desire to Speak OF THE TREE, -BECAUSE HE HAS UTTERED THE WORD 'TREE', - JUST AS I HAD DONE UNDER PREVIOUS CIRCUMSTANCES.
(1521-1522)
COMMENTARY.
The Man is the Minor Term-where he is actually seen the desire to speak is the Probandum ;-the relation consists of occurring in the same * chain', as shown before. Where, however, the speaker is not visible, the Place would be the Minor Term, and the man with the said desire would be the Probandum ; because the place also is one of the causes of the Word;