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God to the true process gives meaning to the distinctions of value, and makes struggle and effort real."20
"Moral enthusiasın is possible only if our motive includes the expectation of being able to contribute to the achievement of moral ideas.......We cannot help asking ourselves whether our ideals are mere private dreams of our own or bonds created by society, or even aspirations characteristic of the human specics. Only a philosophy which affirms that they are rooted in the universal nature of things can give depth and fervour to moral life.... If ethical thought is profound, it will give a cosmic motive to morality. Moral consciousness must include a conviction of the reality of ideals."21
"It may be argued that, although the universe may have 110 purpose, itenis in the universe such as pations and individuals may have their purposes..... This cannot be regarded as a satisfactory goal of ethics..... We long for a good which is never left behind and never superseded."22
"Dharma or virtue is conformity with the truth of things; Moral evil is disharmony with the truth which encompasses and controls the world."23
"There are certain vital values of religion which are met by the character of God as wisdom, love and goodness. Values acquire a cosmic importance and ethical life becomes meaningful." 24
"The highest order of being called spirit which is mind illumined by the ideas of truth, goodness and beauty is rooted in human intelligence and grows from it. The universe attempts to realize these ideas and cannot be understood except in the light of them. They are not only the goal of the
universe in the temporal sense but are the timeless principles in the light of which alone the universe becomes intelligible."25
We Shall conclude our expositon of Radhakrishnan's ethical objectivism with an observation made by C. E. M. Joad :
“Every word that he (Radhakrishnan] writes on ethical questions presupposes this intimate relation between ethics and religion, presupposes, indeed, as its basic assumption, the spiritual view of the universe, the spiritual nature of man and the concept of God as indwelling in man,... If this assumption be not granted, the ethical philosophy of [Radhakrishnan] ...is without foundation." 26
Radhakrishnau's Metaphysical Absolutism
Metaphysical absolutism of Radhakrishnan is a peculiar variety of a metaphysical theory partly based on his knowledge and understanding of the
