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8
THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
Past. 3rd pers. plur. aorist: ahumsu, VIII, 2; árabhisu (= árabbhisu, passive sense), I, 9. The form ñayasu, i. e. n(i)yayánu, VIII, 1, may be compared with the 3rd pers. sing. in ási, of the dialect of the Gâthâs (cf. Mahávastu, I, 548). The 3rd sing. ayaya, would seem to be a sort of imperfect, influenced, perhaps, by the analogy of the perfect yáyé.
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Future. The only example of the 1st pers. sing. is in am, for ami, as in Prâkrit: likhapayisam, XIV, 3. The 3rd plur. has twice a middle form anuvatisaré, V, 2; drabhisamré (passive), I, 12; in this last case, the m is a
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[JANUARY, 1892.
material error, unless it has been introduced after the analogy of the termination asti.
Infinitive. Arádhétu (m), IX, 9.- It is very doubtful whether khamitave, XIII, 6, is an infinitive. Dapakam and srávápakasi (VI, 6),
A solitary example of the perfect, in aha, which appear to perform the office of inpassim. finitives, are in reality adjectives, like páchaka, bodhaka, with this particular shade of meaning, which is to be given,' 'which is to be taught.'
PHONETICS. Vowels.
(a).
The alphabet of Kapur di Giri does not distinguish between long and short vowels. We cannot, therefore, here discuss changes of quantity.
Absolutive. In tpá (tvd): alochétpá. XIV, 6; drabhitpá, 1, 3. Once in ya, in sachhaya samikshayya, XIV, 5.
Changes of Quality.—a for u in garunam, IX, 19; pana, ibid., by the side of guru and puna. for 6, in likhapayami, XIV, 13; bhagi amani, VIII, 17; vijinamani, XIII, 3; antikini, XIII, 9; ghatiti, XIV, 13; duvi, I, 1.-u for a in uchavucha, IX, 18; ôshudhani, II, 5; muta, XIII, 8; é for a in étra, VI, 15; Straka, IX, 20. We cannot say that has been substituted for a in cases like sashkhayé, XIV, 14 and the datives in aye; all we can do is to infer the graphic equivalence of aya and aye.-é for i in disah XI, 28; al. - In bhuye (for bhuyo) we should not, I think, look for an actual change in this dialect of 6 into, but should simply consider it as an accidental Magadhism of the spelling. u for 8 in likhapitu, I, 1. The vowel ri has no real existence
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B. KAPUR DI GIRI.
The readings of Kapur di Giri have of late made marked progress. A few items of uncertainty, no doubt, still remain, a state of affairs which is sufficiently explained by the condition of the rock, but it is only in points of detail that certainty is really impossible, and we may believe that, so far as decipherment is concerned, we have not so much to expect from the future. I cannot, therefore, do better than take for the basis of my grammatical analysis the last publication of Dr. Bühler in the Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft, XLIII., pp. 128 and ff.
1.
Participles. The middle form of the participle present is preserved in bhujamanasa, VI, 3.
in this dialect, which, however, does not prevent its being represented in several ways by the orthography. It takes sometimes the form ra, in grahatha, XIII, 4; XII, 1, sometimes the form ri, in vistrițéna, XIV, 13, and sometimes ru, in érunéyu, XII, 7; mrugó, I, 3. It is changed to a in dukatam, V, 11; vapata, XII, 9; viyapata, V, 13; usaténa, X, 22; so also in vajri, in which the influence of the etymological form has introduced an r in the following syllable; to i in didha, VII, 5; édisa, IX, 18, al.; kita, VI, 14; the influence of the r has here cerebralised the dental, which shews that the orthography kitra, II, 4; VII, 12; VII, 5, is purely a learned and affected one; - to u in vuḍhéshu V, 12; viyaputa V, 13; paripuchha, VIII, 17; muté, XIII, 1; dharmavutam, XIII, 10. In rukha, XII, 5, vri would be changed into ru, but Dr. Bühler's reading, vuta, gives an entirely different word.
Additions and Suppressions.- Additions: initial i in istri, XII, 9.
Suppressions: a in pi (passim); i in ti (passim); é in va éva X, 22, al.; vo and
Note by Translator. The section regarding Kapur di Giri having been entirely re-written by the author for the purpose of this translation, it is hardly necessary to point out that the following, in no way, agrees with the corresponding pages of the original work.
