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[Vol. VI.
gives us Gojjigavallabha again in the prose passage which leads up to the date and other details of the record, though here, of course, - no metrical conveniences being involved, the form Gojjigadêva might have been used just as easily. We do not anywhere find the ending raja used in direct connection with a Prakțit name. The only approach to an instance of that is found in the Kardå grant of A.D. 972, in & prose passage (standing after the usual formal preamble) which speaks of Kakka II. as Kakkaladêvarāja ;1 and here the raja was only added after the customary ending diva.
Finally, as regards the principal birudas, most of which occur in both the Sanskpit and the Kanarese records. In the first place, it may be remarked that these must be the gaunanames, the secondary or subordinate names, or the names relating to and indicative of qualities, which are spoken of in contrast to the mukhya or principal names in a verse in the Baroda grant of A.D. 811 or 812. As to the use of them, in the verses of the earlier records they occur without any endings; for instance, we have the plain unqualified Subhatunga, Akalavarsha, and Nirupama, in the Paithan grant of A.D. 794,- Nirupama and Kalivallabha, in the Wani grant of A.D. 807,- Srivallabha, in the Baroda grant of A.D. 811 or 812,6-Janavallabha, Prithvivallabha, Maharajasarva, and Amôghavarsha, in the Nausari grant of A.D. 817,6 Prabhůtavarsha, Jagattanga, Kirtinarayana, and Atisayadhavala, in the Nilgund inscription of A.D. 866,2- and Maharajashanda, Subhatanga, and Akalavarsha, in the Kåpad wanaj grant of A.D. 909 or 910. The Nausâri grants of A.D. 915 first present an occasional practice of attaching the ending dåva to the birudas in verses; thus, they give us Jagattungadêva and Rattakandarpadeva :' but it was plainly nothing but a matter of convenience for the purpose of filling out the verses; and the only instances that can be found in the subsequent records, are Nripatungadeva, in a verse in the Debli grant of A.D. 940 (repeated in the Karhad grant of A.D. 959),10 and Akalavarshadêva, in a verse in the Salotgi inscription of A.D. 945, though the preceding verse has Amôghavarsha without any ending. On the other hand, the prose passages indicate that the proper practice was to use in prose the ending deva with the leading birudas,- doubtless because in prose they were generally introduced under conditions of greater ceremony. In the formal preambles of the probe passages of the copper-plate grants, tho ending dēva is invariably found attached, as a mark of respect, to the biruda that was used to denote the king who was referred to as the immediate predecessor of the reigning king, though it was not always attached to the corresponding biruda of the reigning king himself: thus, the Paithan grant of A.D. 794 describes Prabhů tavarsha-(Govinda III.) as meditating on the feet of Dhåråvarshadêva-(Dhruva), and the Wani grant of A.D. 807 describes Prabhůtavarshadêva-(Gorinda III.) as meditating on the feet of Dhåråvarshadêva-(Dhruva);13 and the same rule was observed, in the case of the predecessors, in the Radhanpur grant of A.D. 807, the Nausâri grants of A.D. 915, the Sångli grant of A.D. 933, the Déols grant of
1 Ind. Ant. Vol. XII. p. 266, text line 47.
Ind, Ant. Vol. XII. p. 159, text lines 4, 5; and see also another verse which first appears in the Torkhede grant of A.D. 813 (above, Vol. III. p. 56, text lines 10, 11). I am indebted to Prof. Kielhorn for reminding me of this.
. Above, Vol. III. pp. 106, 107, text lines 19, 20-21, 85, 37. * Ind. Ant. Vol. XI. p. 158, text lines 14, 15. Ind. Ant. Vol. XII. p. 160, text line 85. • Jour. Bo. Br. R. 41. Soc. Vol. XX. p. 188, text line 36, and p. 139, line 44, 45. 1 Pages 102, 103, above, text lines 6 to 8.
Ep. Ind. Vol. I. p. 54, text lines 14, 16. Jour. Bo. Br. R. As. Soe. Vol. XVIII, pp. 258, 259, B. plate ii. a, text line 12, and plate ii. 6, lines 4, 5, and pp. 262, 263, A. plate ii. a, line 10, and plate ii, 6, lines 1, 2.
10 Above, Vol. V. p. 193, text line 18; and Vol. IV. p. 283, text line 19. It may be noted that the Deolt grant gives Jagattungadhva in prose in line 49, but immediately afterwards uses Jagattunga, without any ending, in verse in line 51. * Above, Vol. IV. p. 60, text line 10.
11 Above, Vol. III. p. 108, text line 43. u Ind. Ant. Vol. XI. p. 159, text liner 34, 36.
