________________
No. 16.]
SOME RASHTRAKUTA RECORDS.
187
A.D. 940, the Karhad grant of A.D. 959, and the Karda grant of A.D. 972. Among the stone records, a similar formal preamble is found in the Kaņheri inscription of A.D. 851, which duly describes Amôghavarshadeva I. as meditating on the feet of Jagattungadêva-(Govinda III.); and, though a formal preamble was not used in the Âtakûr inscription of A.D. 949-50, still that record duly follows the same rule in describing Krishna III. as a very bee on the water-lilies that were the feet of Amôghavarshadêva-(Vaddiga). In the other prose records on stone, we find sometimes the ending dêva, and sometimes the plain biruda without any ending ; the instances on each side are about equal in number: we might expect to find the honorific ending used in all cases in which the biruda was used alone, without the proper name; but that was not done in, for instance, the Hatti-Mattûr inscription of the time of Krishna I., which employs for him no appellation except that of Akalavarsha," and the Pattadakal inscription of the time of Dhruva, which uses only the appellations Dhâråvarsha and Kalivallabha; 6 and, though these two happen to be private records, not requiring any official drafting or approval, some of the others are official records, and, accordingly, we cannot determine the existence of any custom in this matter, dependent on the nature of the record and its liability to official scrutiny. It seems evident, however, that the better general practice was to use the ending deva with the birudas in prose. No instance has as yet been found, in which the word rája is ased as the ending of a biruda, either in verse or in prose : other words meaning "king" occur in some of the verses; for instance, Amoghavarsha-nsipati, "king Amoghavarsha," in the Dedli grant of A.D. 940,6 and Jagattunga-nfipa, " king Jagattanga," Amoghavarshanpipati, and Amoghavarsha-nfipa, in the Kardà grant of A.D. 972:7 but the more special word rája, used so pointedly with the Sanskrit proper names, is not met with anywhere. Another ending used with a biruda in prose, is indra, which we have in Lakshmivallabhêndra, in the Nilgund inscription of A.D. 866 : 8 an exceptional instance of its use with a proper name, in Krishnarajendra, has been noted on page 184 above; and another exceptional instance of it with & biruda is found in Nirupamêndra, in the case of the feudatory prince DhåråvarshaDhruvaraja (the second of that name) of Gujarat, in a verse in the Baroda grant of A.D. 866 or 867 ; ' bat it seems to have been, properly, restricted to the combination vallabhendra, as an honorific form of vallabha.10 And other endings, used in prose, were narendra, in, for instance, Śrivallabhanarôndra, in the Tørkhede grant of A.D. 813,11 and narendradeva, in, for instance, Śrivallabhanarendradeva, in the Paithan grant of A.D. 794.18 But the manner in which the Nilgand inscription of A.D. 866 speaks of Amoghavarsha I. as, indifferently, Amoghavarsha,
1 The Såmångad grant does not mention any predecessor of Dantidurga; because he was the first paramount BAshtrakata king. The Kadarese grant of A.D. 80), and the Torkbêde grant of A.D. 818, and the Kapad wanaj grant of A.D. 909 or 910, do not include the formal preamble mentioning predecesors. The other copper-plate grants are records of the feudatory Gujarat branch of the family and in the records of that line it was not the custom to name the previous princes in the preambles of the prose passages.
? Ind. Ant. Vol. XIII. p. 134, No. 16, text line 2. Page 53 above, text line 2.
• Page 161 above, text line 1. Ind. Ant. Vol. XI. p. 125, text lines 1, 2.
. Above, Yol. V. p. 194, text line 31. 1 Ind. Ant. Vol. XII. pp. 264, 265, text lines 12, 13, 24-25. • Page 104 above, text line 17, wod see page 106, note 2; neo also page 188 below.
. Ind. Ant. Vol. XII. p. 184, text line 17; the appellation was there translated by "king Nirupama" (p. 188, verse 37). * For the appellation Vallabhêndra, see page 189 below, page 19), note 1, page 191.-The ending indra is met with once, in a Western Chalukya record (Ind. Ant. Vol. XIX. p. 17, text line 8), in the paramount epithet of which the customary forin was simply freprithirfpallasha; tha epithet is there presented as fréprithiof. vallabhandra.- There is a miscellaneous use of pallabhandra, otherwise than in a regal biruda or epithet, in a record at śrsvaņa-Belgola (Inters. at Šrat.-Bel. No. 3), which describes the Kalbappa hill as " worthy to be praised by gode, Vidyavallabhêndnas (i... those who are the chiefs of favourites or husbands of Learniug, those who are eminently learned people), demons, men, and saiuto." 11 Above, Vol. III. p. 54, text line 5.
n Ibid. p. 109, text line 48-44.
2 B 2
