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INTRODUCTION TO ARDHA-MĀGADHI
(S. 161.
(i) The forms of ATMANEPADA found in literature are : I. sing. vatte, plu.-; II. sing. vattase plu.-; III. sing. vattae, plu. vaţtante. A form of the I. plu. vattāmahe is used for the sing. in Vas.
(ii) The following forms of this conjugation are frequent : I. sing. jāne I know', na-yāne ; manne I think' rame I take delight' lahe 'I get': vande 'I bow" II. sing. pabhāsase You speak', avabujjhase You know'. III. sing. lahae 'He obtains' bhañjae 'He breaks' titikkhae 'He suffers' sampavevae 'He trembles'. III. plu. uvalabhante They obtain' riyante They wander' citthante 'They stand'.
(iii) Because it was the normal Pada for the passive in Sk. it is frequently found in passive forms in AMg. as well. tirae = tiryate, jujjae = yujyate, fhijjhae = kşiyate, bhunjae. = bhujyate, muccae = mucyate etc.
162 A verb is conjugated in two numbers: singular and plural and in three persons: the First Person (1. p.) denoting the speaker, the Second Person (II. p.) denoting the person addressed and the Third Person ( III. p. ) denoting all other things.
The exact meaning of the plural forms of the three persons may best be seen by noting the agreement of the finite verb containing a multiple subject. Thus I. p. plu. is I. p. sing. and II. p. sing. or plu. or III. p. sing. and plu. The II. p. plu. is II. p. sing. and III. p. sing. and plu.
163 The roots in AMg. are divided into three Classes for the convenience of conjugation. The C. I. consists of roots ending in the vowel 37 and includes most of the roots in the language. C. II. comprises roots ending in 3 but adding & before the terminations. C. III. comprises roots ending in other vowels namely 341, g, or sht.
This is purely a matter of convenience. The formation of the present base of the root is effected by the addition of different thematic suffixes (a, -ya), by reduplication (da-dadāti) or by the
