________________
S. 453.]
450 lt may approach the meaning of an adverb: mae nāyam aṇāyam vā sā bālā neva bhuñjai U. 20.29. Either known or unknown to me, the girl does not eat.' Two past participles are used without a conjunction. samähie kalagaya gaya sohammam Erz. Dying with meditation they went to S.'
X GERUND
191
451 POTENTIAL PASSIVE PARTICIPLE. They express all the ideas of the potential mood: obligation, necessity :
qa Ay. 1.4.1. All living beings ought not to be killed.' न ते कस्स वि साहियव्वं । Erz. 'You are not to tell it to anybody' अत्थि तेण सह वत्तत्व्वं किं पि । Erz. 'I have something to speak to him.' तं भवियव्वं एत्थ कारणेणं । Nay. 1. 14. There must be some reason here.' possibility, expectation : कहं मए सो नायव्वो । Erz. How am I to know him?' certainty : होयव्वं एत्थ मयकरिणा । Erz. ' The rutted elephant must be here.' ता भवियव्वं केणावि इमणा सिद्धपुरिसेणं । Erz. Therefore, this must be a man of miraculous power.'
452 They can be used, as nouns or adjectives. g अवसरो पच्छा वलियव्वस्स | This is not the time for returning. तत्थ सरे न हु जुत्तं वसियव्वं रायहंसाणं । Vaj. 720. 'The residence of the royal swans there is not proper.'
X GERUND
453 When two actions are performed by the subject one after another the previous one is expressed by the use of the Gerund तं परिग्गिज्झ वायाए कम्मुणा उववायए । Das Having received it with words he should do it with his actions.' Das. 4.11. Hearing, he knows what is
good.'
Sometimes the two actions may not be quite consecutive : dāram avalambiya na ciṭṭhejjā Das. 5.2.9. He should not stand resting against the door.' Sometimes the subject may be different : siddhana namo kiccā atthadhammagaim suneha me U. 20.1. Hear from me the course of wealth and religion which is told
