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INTRODUCTION TO ARDHA-MĀGADHI
[S. 254.
In the Ab. plu. we have the old form tebbho (tebhyaḥ) and a new formation taohinto. Peculiarly pronominal forms are N. plu. te and G. plu. tesim and tāsim. All others agree with the nominal declension.
255 CAUSAL. Besides the regular base of a verb we have a causal base with a change in the meaning. It denotes that the action of the primitive root is performed through the agency of another. In case of intransitive verbs the causal is hardly distinguishable from the transitive meaning. It is formed by adding
___ (i) वे to the roots ending in आ : ठावे to place, ण्हावे to bathe, quà to show, Hà to cause to elapse.
(ii) आवे to roots ending in अ: करावे to cause to do, गेण्हावे to cause to take, हसावे to cause to laugh, जाणावे to make known.
(iii) In a few cases ç is added and the penultimate vowel is lengthened : ar to kill, and to cause, is to fell, ori to cause to get.
(iv) If the root ends in g or sh the termination St becomes यावे : ने to lead, नेयावे to cause to lead.
256 (i) The I-É. termination -aya- has become -e- in AMg. though in favourable cases it may remain as -aya (janayanti): The root shows the full or long grade before it :
(a) Originally long roots : sampāvei 'causes to get', vedhei 'makes wind', kilāmei 'causes to fade' pinei delights'.
(b) The root-vowel in a close syllable : vaddhei 'increases' parivațţei 'turns round' samukkasei elevates'.
(c) The root-vowel -a becomes long : sarcarei 'causes to move' ujjālei 'causes to shine', āyāvei 'heats', tāvei, aivāei 'make fall', gāhei 'causes to take', vittāsei 'troubles' khāmei ' forgives'. Roots originally ending in -i, -U, -I have fallen in with these : kārei 'causes', dhārei 'holds' nivātei 'prevents', pasārei 'spreads' tātei 'protects', hārei 'loses'."
