________________
S. 266.]
LESSON TEN
135
265 (i) The passive base in AMg. is formed by adding to the root -ya-," the passive characteristic in Sk., which becomes ija- after vowels.
(a) The root shows the weak grade in the majority of cases : dū- 'to give' dijjai, stu- 'to praise' thuvvai (the base being *thuv-) dhū- 'to shake' dhuvvai, śru- 'to hear' suvvai, summai, ni- 'to lead' nijjai, gai- 'to sing' gijjai, pa- to drink' pijai, ādhā- 'to place' āhijjai, jñā- 'to know' najjai, ji- 'to conquer' jippai, jivvai.
(b) Roots ending in -!, -show -ir as in Sk. : ti- 'to cross' tirai, hì- 'to take away' hirai, kr. 'to do' kīrai, kijjai, kajjai.
(c) Roots ending in consonants : gam- 'to go' gammai, han- 'to kill' hammai (Jacobi. analogical ; Pischel denominative of *hanman), dřs- 'to see' disai, labh- 'to get' labbhai, vah'to carry' vubbhai, kịt-'to cut' kiccai, muc- to release' muccai, lup- 'to conceal’luppai, sic- 'to sprinkle' siccai, pid- 'to oppress' piddai, vac- 'to speak' vuccai, duh- 'to milk' dujjhai, bhaj- 'to serve' bhajjai, bhid- to break' bhijjai, bhuj- 'to enjoy' bhujjai, grah- 'to take' gheppai, gejjhai, badh- 'to bind' bajjhai, bhan- 'to speak' bhaņņai, rudh- 'to obstruct' rubbhai, muh- 'to faint' mujjhai, kşip- 'to throw' khippai, dah- 'to burn' dajjhai, prabhav- 'to be able' pahuppai, lih- 'to lick' libbhai, siap- 'to sleep' suppai, ārabh- 'to begin ' ārabbhai, rud-'to cry' ruvvai. In all these cases the -ya- is assimilated to the final consonant.
(ii) With the suffix -izja- from Sk. -ya- as applied to causal and other bases like māryate becoming by anaptyxis Pāli māriyati Pk. mārijjai, extended to other roots and mostly apphed to the present base : gam- gamijjai, gacchijjai, stu- thunijjai, śrusuņijjai, dh?- dharijjai, sm?- sumarijjai, tī- tarijjai, pi- pūrijjai, khan- khanijjai, pracch- pucchijjai ; ci- cinijjai, bhuj- bhuñjijjai, kr- karijjai etc.
266 Forms of different tenses from the passive base :
Present: fe they are heard, afuulis it is described, as it is eaten, gas it is said.
Past: ure they were released.
