________________
102
THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
[APRIL, 1899.
al. Tho labes bhushi thau là, siki 11. lühinu lādu a.' 1 ara sësit malal came. Thy father-by pleasure nade is, becalise thy brother living got is.' l hen to him anger
bilu. Mo azlo ne buxhim.' 2lēsti-kor mal dar8 al, zhěsit modār thau. became. I inside not will-go.' For-this-ccuse failer outs de care, to-bim entiesty rrade.
Zhösi jhawa) malit ra:hau, Choke, moe ani lurzhont thi khidmat thas, mei Ry-him answer to-father said, Listen, by-b.e these years to thy service made, by.me
karēgě thõ razhon-it badal rē thàs, amma tho eat mo-te ao chhal nē dā, at-any-time thy saying-to contrary not done, but by-th.ee at-any-t'me w.e-to goat kid not given, siki mo-se tome shulõ-set khusht thim; amma kare alu lū an tho poh, tlo shab that I own friends-with pleasure shall-make; but when come is this thy son, thy goods kanzhěrð-sei khyau lũ, thozhēsi-kar tart kilught tha lu' Malus shēsut rurhau, to harlois-with eaten is, by-thee for him great pleasure made is.' Dy-father to-him said, 'O púch, tú sap mo.sii hāno, mið butu zhab thõ hõ. Lāsim asul, asunt khushi thon, so2, thou always with-me art, my all goods thine is. Proper it-was, for-us pleasure making, siki ana tho cha mů as 11, zhunu bil; i bilasul, bara hät alu.' for this thy brother dead was, living became ; lost became was, again to-hand came.'
NOTES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CURRENCY IN THE FAR EAST.
BY R. C. TEMPLE,1 CIRCUMSTANCES bave obliged me to interrupt for a time the elaborate and detailed remarks I have been making for the last year or fo on the Currency and Coinage of the Burmese, but the subject is so difficult to follow in detail that I am rather glad of the opportunity given me by an enforced cessation of my labours to take a short review of at least the most important part of it, and to try and see where my enquiries are taking us. Hence this Article, which I hope will serve to render clear to those, wbo do me the honour to follow my more elaborate pages, the mass of somewhat confusing tables and facts I bave been obliged to gather together in one view.
In my « Currency and Coinage among the Burmese" I have endeavoured to collect together all the available information on the sobject from the very commencement, and have consequently found myself involved in a dissertation on the entire question of all the primitive and early forms of currency that exist, or have existed, in the world ; because, when one begins to study any given form of civilization in the East, one is sure to find all the details of the whole scale thereof co-existent there at any given period. It was thing that I found myself obliged to consider the rise of currency and coinage step by step from Larter pore and simple by examples called from the Far East; to trace the rise of the conception of stondards of weight as applied to metals used for money, i, e., Troy weight, from rude measures of capacity, by examples similarly called ; to show how and why, not only the conceptions, but the very termin. ology of Troy weight, currency and coinage are inextricably mixed up in the Oriental mind; to state in detail the great array of articles that have been used in the Far East as currency, which are not bullion, and to explain their ase; to point out how the currency of the cabic contents of non-bullion money, measured by size, preceded and steadily led to the currency of the cubic contents of bullion money, measured by weight.
I found it necessary to show directly from data still procurable in the East, that the idea of currency arose before those of Troy weight and coined money, and to explain how it arose : also to show how the terminology devised for conventional cubic measures of articles commonly required was transferred to the weights of the metals for which they could be bartered, and thus to the currency : and further to show why, to the vast majority of the Oriental world,
1 The substance of this Article was given in a lecture before East India Association on February 24, 1899, and was subsequently published in the Ariatic Quarterly Review for April, 1899, and in the Journal of the Asociation Vol. XXX., No. 16.
