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SEPTEMBER, 1899.]
HISTORY OF THE BAHMANI DYNASTY.
235
Affixes may be attached to roots, stems, or words in their full form, or in a varied form. When there is variation of form, there is INFLEXION or inseparability of the affix from the root, stem, or word. All the functions of affixes can, therefore, be fulfilled by inflexion; and inflected words may conform to particular KINDS OF INFLEXION.
Since a sentence is composed of words placed in a particular order, with or without variation of form, the meaning of a sentence is rendered complete by the combination of the meaning of its component, with their position, or with their formas, or pastly with their position and partly with their forms.
Since sentences, are the units of languages, and words are the components of sentences, and since languages are varieties of speech, languages may vary in the forms of their words, or in the position in which their words are placed in the sentence, or partly in the forms and partly in the position of their words. There are, therefore, CLABERS OF LANGUAGE
Since the meaning of a sentence may be rendered complete either by the position of its words or by their form, languages are primarily divisible into SYNTACTICAL LANGUAGES, or those that express complete meaning by the position of their words; and into FORMATIVE LANGUAGES, or by those that express complete meaning by the forms of their words.
Since words are varied in form by the addition of affixes, and since affixes may be attached to words in an unaltered or altered form, formative languages are divisible into AGGLUTINATIVE LANGUAGES, or those that add affixes without alteration; and into SYNTHETIC LANGUAGES, or those that add affixes with alteration.
Since affixes may be prefixes, infixes, or suffixes, agglutinative and synthetic languages are each divisible into (1) PRE-MUTATIVE LANGUAGES, or those that prefix their affixes; (2) INTRO-MUTATIVE LANGUAGES, or those that infix their affixes ; (3) POST-MUTATIVE LANGUAGES, or those that suffix their affixes.
Languages are, therefore, by clase either syntactical or formative. And formative languages are either agglutinative or synthetic. And agglutinative and synthetic languages are either pre-mutative, intro-mutative, or post-mutative.
A language may belong entirely to one class, or it may belong to more than one class. When : language belongs to more than one class, it belongs primarily to a particular class, and secondarily to other classes.
Since the meaning of a sentence is rendered complete by the meaning of its words in combination with their forms or position, languages may be CONNECTED LANGUAGES, or those that vary the forms or the position, without varying the meanings, of their words.
Since variation of form is offected by the addition of affixes in an unaltered or altered form, connected languages may vary the affixes without variation of the roots or stems of their words. Connected languages whose stems are common belong to a GROUP. Connected languages whose roots are common belong to a FAMILY; and, therefore, all connected languages belonging to a group belong to the same family.
HISTORY OF THE BAHMANI DYNASTY. BY MAJOR J. S. KING, M. R. A. S.
(Continued from p. 219)
CHAPTER X. Reign of Sultan 'A18-ud-Din Ahmad Shah,
son of Ahmad Shah. APTER the death of Sultan Ahmad Shah, with the concurrence and approval of the nobles and heads of the army, on Monday, the 22nd of the month Rajab in the year 838 (21st February, A. D. 1485) Sultan AlA-ud-Din ascended the throne; and, according to the custom
