Sanskrit Vyakaran Me Karak Tattvanushilan

Author(s): Umashankar Sharma
Publisher: Chaukhamba Surbharti Prakashan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/023031/1

Page #1
// zrIH / / caukhambA rASTrabhAratI granthamAlA 11 ND saMskRta-vyAkaraNa kAraka tattvAnuzIlana pANinitantra ke sandarbha meM lekhaka pro0 umAzaMkara zarmA 'RSi' bhUtapUrva prophesara : saMskRta vibhAga paTanA vizvavidyAlaya paTanA (bihAra) mAdhyAyAna jasva prakAzana caukhambA surabhAratI prakAzana vArANasI

Page #2
prakAzaka caukhambA surabhAratI prakAzana ( bhAratIya saMskRti evaM sAhitya ke prakAzaka tathA vitaraka ) ke. 37/117 gopAlamandira lena po. bA. naM. 1129, vArANasI 221001 dUrabhASa : 2335263 (c) sarvAdhikAra prakAzakAdhIna saMskaraNa 2011 I. mUlya : 450.00 ISBN : 978-93-80326-62-7 anya prAptisthAna caukhambA pabliziMga hAusa 4697/2, bhU-tala ( grAuNDa phlora ) galI naM. 21-e, aMsArI roDa dariyAgaMja, naI dillI 110002 dUrabhASa : 32996391 I-mela : chaukhamba_neeraj@yahoo.com caukhambA saMskRta pratiSThAna 38 yU. e. baMgalo roDa, javAhara nagara po. bA. naM. 2113 faci 110007 dUrabhASa : 23856391 caukhambA vidyAbhavana cauka ( baiMka oNpha bar3odA bhavana ke pIche ) po. bA. naM. 1069, vArANasI 221001 dUrabhASa : 2420404

Page #3
THE CHAUKHAMBA 'RASHTRABHARATI GRANTHAMALA 11 SANSKRTA VYAKARANA MAIN KARAKA-TATTVANUSILANA A Critical Study of Karaka in Sanskrit Grammar In the System of Paniti By Prof. Umashankar Sharma 'Rishi' Ex-Professor : Sanskrit Department Patna University Patna (Bihar) CHAUKHAMBA SURBHARATI PRAKASHAN VARANASI

Page #4
Publishers : CHAUKHAMBA SURBHARATI PRAKASHAN (Oriental Publishers & Distributors) K. 37/117, Gopal Mandir Lane Post Box No. 1129 Varanasi 221001 Tel. : 2335263 (c) All rights reserved ISBN : 978-93-80326-62-7 Also can be had from : CHAUKHAMBA PUBLISHING HOUSE 4697/2, Ground Floor Gali No. 21-A, Ansari Road Daryaganj, New Delhi 1 10002 Tel. : 32996391 e-mail : chaukhamba_neeraj@yahoo.com CHAUKHAMBA SANSKRIT PRATISHTHAN 38 U.A. Bungalow Road, Jawahar Nagar Post Box No. 2113 Delhi 110007 Tel. : 23856391 CHOWKHAMBA VIDYABHAWAN Chowk (Behind to Bank of Baroda Building) Post Box No. 1069 Varanasi 221001 Tel. : 2420404

Page #5
bhUmikA pratyakSAdi pramANoM ke antargata zabda-pramANa ko manISiyoM ne bahuta mahattva diyA hai / vyAkaraNa tathA mImAMsA-darzana meM to ise pramANa-ziromaNi hI mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki donoM pradhAnatayA isI Aptopadeza rUpa zabda kA apane-apane DhaMga se vivecana karate haiM / Apta vaha vyakti hai jo lokAnugraha kI kAmanA se yathAdRSTa padArtha kA vyAkRta dhvani dvArA ullekha karatA hai / saMsAra ke sabhI manuSya apanI-apanI bhASA kA prayoga karate hue uparyukta lakSaNa ke anusAra Apta ho sakate haiM / tadanusAra isa zabda-pramANa se loka ke sabhI vyavahAra pravRtta hote haiM / padArtha indriyoM se sambaddha hoM yA asambaddha-unakA bodha zabda-prayoga ke dvArA karAyA jA sakatA hai / yahI Agama yA zabda-pramANa kA uddezya hai / zabdanirdeza meM bhASA ke anyatama aMga vAkya kA Azraya liyA jAtA hai, jisakA bodha ( zAbdabodha ) ho jAnA zabdapramANa kA phala hai| vaiyAkaraNoM ke bhASAvizleSaNa ke anusAra AkAMkSA, yogyatA tathA sannidhi se yukta padoM ke samUha ko vAkya kahate haiM / ye pada padArtha ke bodhaka hote haiM aura padoM kI isI bodhikA zakti ke kAraNa unakA paraspara anvaya hotA hai| zAbdabodha meM eka padArtha dUsare padArtha se saMsRSTa hokara samanvita bodha karAtA hai / dArzanika dRSTi se kevala akhaNDa vAkya-mAtra hI vyavahAropayogI tathA satya bhI hai| kintu zabdazAstra, bhASAbodha ke upAya ke rUpa meM prakalpita hokara akhaNDa vAkya kA vibhAjana padoM meM tathA padoM kA varNoM meM karatA hai / yaha satya hai ki paramArthataH yaha vibhAjana kRtrima tathA kalpanA-prasUta hai tathApi isI ke mAnadaNDa para ziSToM ke prayoga parakhe jAte haiM / varNa, pada tathA vAkya ina tInoM kA mahattva kisI zabdazAstrI ke lie utanA hI hai, jitanA jIvita zarIra ke lie prANoM kaa| kintu Arambha meM zabdazAstra kA kSetra itanA vyApaka nahIM thaa| varNa kA vicAra zikSA nAmaka vedAGga kA viSaya thaa| pada-sAdhutva kA vicAra vyAkaraNa 1. draSTavya-nyAyavArtika, 1 / 17 / 2. 'padajJAnaM tu karaNaM dvAraM tatra padArthadhIH / zAbdabodhaH phalaM tatra zaktidhI: sahakAriNI' |--bhaassaapri0, kA0 81 3. 'zAbdabodhe caikapadArthe'parapadArthaH saMsargatayA bhaaste'| -vyu0 vA0, pR0 1 4. 'pade na varNA vidyante varNeSvavayavA na ca / vAkyAtpadAnAmatyantaM praviveko na kazcana' // -vA0pa0, 173

Page #6
( 2 ) karatA thA aura artha kA nirUpaNa karanA nirukta kA kAma thA / kAlAntara meM ina tInoM vedAGgoM kA bhAra vyAkaraNa para hI A pdd'aa| vAkya kA vicAra mukhyatayA mImAMsA-darzana kA viSaya hone para bhI nyUnAdhika rUpa se nyAya tathA vyAkaraNa bhI isa para apanI dRSTi rakhate haiN| kAraNa yaha hai ki padoM kA sAdhutvamAtra apane Apa meM nirarthaka hai yadi unakA paraspara saMsarga nahIM ho| isIlie vyAkaraNa ke arthapakSa meM carama sattA ke rUpa meM akhaNDa vAkyasphoTa kA abhyupagama huA hai; jisa lakSya taka pahu~cane ke lie vyAkaraNa ke samasta zabdapakSIya vivecana upakrAnta hote haiM / tadanusAra varNa, pada tathA vAkya ke vizleSaNa ke kSetra meM vyAkaraNazAstra ko vibhinna viSayoM kA vivecana karanA par3atA hai| ye vipaya isa prakAra vargIkRta ho sakate haiM 1. varNa-vicAra-uccAraNa, varNa-vibhAga, varNa-vikAra ( sandhi ) / 2. pada-vicAra--subantarUpamAlA, tiGantarUpamAlA, avyaya, strI-pratyaya, samAsa, kRt, tddhit| 3. vAkya-vicAra-kAraka tathA vibhakti / inameM vibhakti kA vicAra pada tathA vAkya donoM meM Avazyaka hai, kyoMki binA svAdi yA tibAdi vibhakti lagAye pada bana hI nahIM sakatA aura jaba pada hI nahIM banegA to usakA vicAra kyA hogA? sAtha-hI-sAtha pada-sAdhutva ke bAda hI vAkya meM usakA sthAna-nirUpaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai ki vaha kina padoM se sambaddha hai tathA isa sambandha ke pariNAmasvarUpa kyA bodha karAtA hai ? ukta saMkalita bodha hI vAkyabodha hotA hai-isI prakAra padoM kA vAkyagata sambandha hotA hai| vAkya kI racanA meM kArakoM kA sabase bar3A yogadAna hai, kyoMki vAkya ke prANabhUta kriyA kI siddhi ke lie prayatnazIla rahanA kAraka kA hI kAma hai| kriyA kisI vAkya meM zrayamANa ho yA gamyamAna - usakA rahanA anivArya hai / punaH jaba kriyA rahegI to nirapekSa nahIM raha sktii| kisI-na-kisI zakti kI apekSA rakhane se hI usakI siddhi ho skegii| yahIM kArakoM kA Agamana tattat zaktiyoM ke rUpa meM hotA hai| isIlie vAkya kA lakSaNa karate hue amarasiMha ne kahA hai 'suptiGantacayo vAkyaM kriyA vA kArakAnvitA' / yadyapi sabhI vyAkaraNa-granthoM meM kAraka kA vivecana zabdapakSa ke antargata kiyA gayA hai tathApi vastuta: yaha prakaraNa arthapakSa se sambaddha hai| zabdapakSa ke antargata isake nirUpaNa kA pradhAna kAraNa svAdi-vibhaktiyoM ke sAtha isakA nikaTa kA sambandha hai / isIlie adhikAMza vaiyAkaraNa kAraka tathA vibhakti kA saMyukta vivaraNa dete haiN|

Page #7
( 3 ) vyAkaraNazAstra ke arthapakSIya vivecana kA AdhAra hai artha ko vyakta ( sphurita) karanevAlA sphoTAtmaka zabda | yaha paramArthataH akhaNDa vAkya ke rUpa meM rahane para bhI vyAkaraNa meM vivecita varNoM aura padoM ke rUpa meM zAstra - dRSTi se raha sakatA hai / isIlie varNarUpa pratyayoM meM bhI artha - bodhakatA svIkArya hai / sphoTa kI apekSA rakhate hue hI zabda kI zakti, lakSaNA tathA vyaJjanA - ina tIna vRttiyoM kA vicAra vyAkaraNa ke dArzanika granthoM meM huA hai / isI prakAra strIpratyaya, liGga, vacana, puruSa, tiG, supa, kRt, taddhita, samAsa, kAraka Adi tattvoM kI zaktiyoM kA bhI uparyukta sphoTa ke arntagata vicAra kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki inameM bhI arthabodha kI zakti svIkRta hai / inake sAtha hI katipaya vizuddha dArzanika ( Metaphysical ) samasyAoM kA bhI apanI vidhi se vyAkaraNa meM vivecana hotA hai; jaise - guNa, dravya, jAti, dik, kAla ityAdi / isa prakAra inhIM viSayoM kA saMkalana karake vyAkaraNa-darzana kA svarUpa nirdhArita hotA hai, jise vidvAnoM ke samAja meM 'arthapakSa' kA vyapadeza milatA hai / vyAkaraNazAstra ke ina vibhinna pakSoM se sambaddha samasyAoM kA pariNAma nikalane meM zatAbdiyoM kA samaya lagA hai / pANini se nAgezabhaTTa taka ke sabhI vicAraka apane-apane DhaMga se ina praznoM kA samAdhAna tathA vizleSaNa karate Aye haiM / jahA~ taka zabdapakSa kA sambaddha hai, pANini - kAtyAyana pataJjali kI trayI ne hI ise pUrNa kara diyA thA / ataH paravartI vikAsa inakI vyAkhyA kA tathA mukhya rUpa se arthapakSa ke vizleSaNa kA itihAsa hai / isameM pratyeka vaiyAkaraNadArzanika kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai / navya-nyAya ke AvirbhAva ke bAda vyAkaraNa ke isa kSetra meM bhI cintana kI abhinava prakriyA tathA abhivyaJjanA kA praveza huA / isake phalasvarUpa vyAkaraNa viSayoM ke pratipAdana meM kramazaH durUhatA tathA sUkSmatA AtI gayI / isa prakAra sampUrNa vyAkaraNa zAstra kA itihAsa eka-eka samasyA kA zabda - pakSIya, artha- pakSIya tathA cintana-prakriyAtmaka vicAra kA kramika vikAsa prastuta karatA hai, jisakA adhyayana bhAratIya prajJA ke vikAsa kA rocaka paricaya detA hai / Adhunika yuga meM jJAna kI pratyeka zAkhA kA punarmUlyAMkana karate hue vibhinna viSayoM ke adhyayana kiye jA rahe haiM / pAzcAtya dezoM se samAgata aitihAsika tathA vaijJAnika dRSTi kA upayoga karake bhAratIya zAstroM ko Adhunika pAThaka taka pahu~cAne meM dezI-videzI vidvAnoM kA atyanta mahattvapUrNa I 1. 'tatra varNapadavAkyabhedena sphoTa stridhA / tatrApi jAtivyaktibhedena punaH SoDhA / akhaNDapadasphoTo'khaNDavAkyasphoTazceti saGkalanayASTau sphoTAH / tatra vAkyasphoTo mukhyaH / tasyaiva loke'rthabodhakatvAttenaivArthasamAptezca' / - pa0 la0 ma0 kA Arambha

Page #8
( 4 ) yogadAna rahA hai / videzI vidvAnoM ke kArya mukhyataH vaidika sAhitya tathA prAcIna darzana taka hI sImita haiM / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki saMskRta bhASA se paricaya hone ke bAda pAzcAtya jagat meM jo tulanAtmaka bhASAvijJAna tathA tulanAtmaka dharma ke adhyayana kA krama calA, usameM inhIM donoM kA adhika upayoga mAnA gayA / sAhitya se sAmAnya paricaya hone para bhI vyAkaraNa tathA navya-nyAya se prabhAvita zAstroM kI pratipAdana praNAlI se pAzcAtya jagat isa zatAbdI ke pUrva taka prAyaH aspRSTa hI thA / idhara pAzcAtya darzana meM bhASA-vizleSaNa kA praveza hone ke bAda se ina upekSita bhAratIya zAstroM kI ora videziyoM kA bhI dhyAna AkRSTa huA hai tathA ve pANinitantra evaM navya-nyAya ke adhyayana meM bhI lage haiM / amerikA ke bhASAzAstriyoM tathA prAcya vidyAvizAradoM kI isa viSaya meM zlAghya ruci dekhI jAtI hai / vyAkaraNa-darzana kI viSaya-vastu kA vyApaka rekhAcitra ( Outline ) khIMcanevAle DaoN0 prabhAtacandra cakravartI ne apane zodha se sambaddha granthoM meM Upara pradarzita sabhI viSayoM kA sAmAnya rUpa se vivecana karake isa kSetra ke adhyetAoM ke lie mAno mArga pradarzana kiyaa| deza-videza meM ina granthoM kI paryApta carcA huI tathA videziyoM ko bhAratIya bhASAvaijJAnika sUkSmekSikA svIkAra karanI par3I / inake bAda baMgAla ke hI kucha dUsare vidvAnoM ne apanI mAtR bhASA ke mAdhyama se bhI una viSayoM kA vivecana kiyA / inameM zrIgurupada hAldAra 'vyAkaraNadarzanera itihAsa' kA nAma vizeSarUpa se ullekhanIya hai / isameM dArzanika vivecana ke atirikta itihAsa kA pakSa bhI nyUnAdhika prakaTa huA hai / isa vipulakAya grantha meM aneka vaiyAkaraNoM ke matoM kA udAharaNapUrvaka saMkalana huA hai jo kahIM-kahIM avazya hI, viSaya-vivecana ko Age na bar3hA pAne ke kAraNa, anapekSita tathA bhAravat pratIta hotA hai / kula milAkara DaoN0 cakravartI mahAzaya kI vaijJAnika dRSTi isa grantha ke lekhaka meM nahIM milatI / vyAkaraNa-darzana ke isa sAmAnya - vivecana se pRthak hokara aba isakI ekaeka samasyA ke gambhIra adhyayana kI ora vidvAnoM kA dhyAna AkRSTa huA / isa dizA meM bhI bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne hI upakrama kiyA / ina viSayoM meM sarvaprathama zabdArthavijJAna ko AdhAra mAnakara kaI zodha-prabandha likhe gaye / inameM nimnalikhita grantharUpa meM prakAzita hokara paryApta prasiddha hue haiM 1. DaoN0 gaurInAtha zAstrI : The Philosophy of Word and Meaning. 1. ( i ) Philosophy of Sanskrit Grammar. (ii ) Linguistic speculations of the Ancient Hindus. ( kala0 vizva0 se prakAzita )

Page #9
2. DaoN0 kapiladeva dvivedI : artha-vijJAna aura vyAkaraNa-darzana / 3. DaoN0 rAmacandra pANDeya : The Problem of Meaning in Indian Philosopby. 4. DaoN. satyakAma varmA : bhASAtattva aura vAkyapadIya / ye grantha apane vivecya viSaya meM bhinnatA rakhate hue bhI zabdArthavijJAna kI vibhinna samasyAoM para samyaka prakAza DAlate haiN| isI prakAra paM0 raMganAtha pAThaka kA sphoTa-viSayaka grantha isake mUla siddhAnta kA vivecana vizuddha bhAratIya paramparita ( Traditional ) rIti se karatA hai| abhI bhI isa kSetra meM paryApta kArya kA avakAza hai| vyAkaraNa-darzana ke anya kSetra abhI taka prAyaH aspRSTa haiN| isake kaI kAraNa haiM, jinameM pramukha yaha hai 'caturvargaphalaprAptiH sukhAdalpadhiyAmapi / kAvyAdeva yatastena... ... ....' / / ataH zodhoM kI sukhasAdhyAtmakatA jaba se prakaTa huI hai taba se kAvya tathA kAvyazAstra kA paribhramaNa karanevAle hI prabandha prakAza-patha para agrasara hote rahe haiM / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki vyAkaraNa kA adhyayana atyanta zramasAdhya tathA nIrasa hai| aneka varSoM ke zrama se bhI granthoM kA adhyayana pUrA nahIM hotaa| vizeSataH navya-vyAkaraNa ke grantha tathA unakI TIkAe~ to 'nisarga-durbodha' haiM / unakA bodha hone para bhI anya zAstroM ke sAtha tAratamya baiThAnA to aura bhI kaThina kAma hai| zAstrAntara kA abhyAsa kiye binA kisI zAstra meM kucha bhI vyutpatti pAnA asambhava hai / bhartRhari kahate haiM __ 'prajJA vivekaM labhate bhinnarAgamadarzanaiH / kiyadvA zakyamunnetuM svatarkamanudhAvatA' ||- vA0 pa0 2 / 486 yaha kaThinatA yahIM samApta nahIM hotI-navya-vyAkaraNa meM prAya: binA srota kA nirdeza kiye hue hI dUsare zAstroM kI sthApanAoM kA anuvAda karake unakA khaNDana huA hai| una srotoM kA samyak bodha hue binA unakA khaNDana samajhanA kaThina hai / ina kAraNoM se koI bhI vyakti sAdhanA tathA tapasyA kI agrabhUmisvarUpa vyAkaraNa tathA navya-nyAya ke anusandhAna meM apane kAla kA apavyaya karanA nahIM cAhatA / yahI kAraNa hai ki ina viSayoM ke granthoM kA Adyanta artha samajhane vAle vidvAn virala ho cale haiN| yahI sthiti rahI to vaha samaya dUra nahIM jaba ye grantha sadA ke lie durbodha ho jAyeMge, paramparA kA uccheda to abhI hI ho cukA hai / duHkha hotA hai ki bhAratavarSa apanI zatAbdiyoM kI upAjita jJAnasampatti kA vinAza gajanimIlikA-nyAya se dekha rahA hai|

Page #10
varSoM ke vyAkaraNAdhyayana ke anubhava ke pariNAmasvarUpa mujhe jJAta huA ki samAsa, kRdartha, dhAtvartha, tiGartha, vibhakti, taddhita, liMga, vacana, puruSa, vRtti, kAraka ityAdi vyAkaraNazAstrIya viSayoM ke vizeSa zodhAnurUpa adhyayana kI AvazyakatA hai, kyoMki ye viSaya vividha granthoM meM bikhare par3e haiN| nAgezabhaTTa kI laghumaJjUSA meM jo sambaddha viSayoM ke cintana kI pariNati dikhalAyI par3atI hai usake pIche eka lambA itihAsa par3A hai, jisakA adhyayana karanA cAhie / pANini-tantra meM eka-eka samasyA kA vivecana karane ke lie itanI sAmagrI vidyamAna hai ki koI cAhe to AjIvana eka hI samasyA se saMgharSa karatA rahe / dUsare vyAkaraNa-tantroM meM bhI usakA vivecana bahuta uttama rIti se huA hai / katipaya sthaloM para to maiMne yaha anubhava kiyA hai ki pANini-tantra meM aspRSTa viSayoM para bhI ye puSkala sAmagrI pradAna karate haiN| pANinIya vyAkaraNa kA adhyayana karate hue inakI upayogitA kI upekSA nahIM kI jA sktii| uparinirdiSTa viSayoM meM se maiMne svecchA se kAraka viSaya kA cayana kiyA jisake vizeSa adhyayana kA parAmarza mujhe saMskRta-vidyApITha, darabhaMgA ke nidezaka DaoN0 zItAMzuzekhara bAgacI ne diyaa| yaha apraila, 1965 kI bAta hai / maiM usa samaya taka vyAkaraNAraNya meM niruddezya bhramaNa kara rahA thA-kabhI yaha viSaya kabhI vaha; isa prakAra aneka samasyAe~ rajovRtti ke kAraNa janma le rahI thiiN| kintu taba se maiMne apane-Apako eka hI viSaya para niyantrita karake sambaddha sthaloM ke vizeSa anuzIlana meM lgaayaa| kaThinAiyA~ AyIM kintu unase saMgharSa karane meM manoraJjana ke sAtha santoSa bhI hotA rahA ki kucha kAma ho rahA hai / jJAna itanA upayogI hotA hai ki usakI eka kaNikA bhI vyartha nahIM jaatii| isI jJAna-saMbala ke bala para yaha laghu-yAtrA ho sakI hai| kAraka ke vizeSAdhyayana-rUpa apane jJAna kA anuvyavasAyAtmaka phala vAkyaprayoga ( kArakamahaM jAnAmi ) ke dvArA pradarzita karane kA maiM adhikArI to nahIM hU~, kintu apane isa laghu prayAsa dvArA ukta adhyayana kA niSkarSa rakhane kA vinamra sAhasa to kara hI sakatA huuN| prakRta grantha 9 adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai-prathama tIna adhyAya pRSThabhUmi ke rUpa meM kAraka-sAmAnya-viSayaka aitihAsika tathA vivecanAtmaka sAmagrI dete haiM, zeSa cha: adhyAya eka-eka kAraka-vizeSa ke adhyayana se sambaddha haiN| ina vivecanoM kI tIna sImAe~ haiN| pahalI to yaha hai ki kevala pANini-tantra ke granthoM meM upasthita kiyA gayA kAraka-vizleSaNa isakA upajIvya hai, tantrAntara meM dRSTacara vivecanoM kA atyalpa prayoga kiyA gayA hai / isa 'atyalpa' kI AvazyakatA bhI isIlie par3I ki pANini-tantra meM vivecanoM kA pUrvapakSanirUpaNa tathA kahIM-kahIM abhinava pUraka vivecana bhI una tantroM meM huA hai

Page #11
jisakI upasthApanA anivArya thii| kintu isase yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki tantrAntara ke kAraka-viSayaka vivecana utane hI haiM jitanA isa prabandha meM sthAnasthAna para nirdiSTa hai / prathamAdhyAya meM pradarzita itihAsa se spaSTa hogA ki una sampradAyoM kA sAhitya bhI bahuta vyApaka tathA gahana hai / yadi sabhI sampradAyoM ke kAraka-vivecana isameM samAviSTa hote to isa grantha kA AkAra nyUnatama triguNita to ho hI jaataa| yahI kAraNa hai ki navya-vyAkaraNa meM pradarzita sAmagrI kA upayoga karane ke samaya usakI pUrvapIThikA meM navya-nyAyokta kAraka-vicAra-sAmagrI kA bhI usI parimANa meM nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai jitanA vaha navya-vyAkaraNa ke granthoM meM pUrvapakSa se uddhRta hai athavA jisakI dhvani vahA~ prApta hotI hai / vAstava meM navya-nyAya kA kArakavAda apane-Apa meM eka mahattvapUrNa zodha-adhyayana kA viSaya hai / grantha kI dUsarI sImA hai-kArakamAtra kA vivecana / prakaraNa-granthoM meM vibhakti tathA kAraka ko isa prakAra eka sAtha rakhA gayA hai ki ve prAyaH ekAkAra pratIta hote haiN| yaha satya hai ki kAraka kI abhivyakti vibhakti ke mAdhyama se hotI hai; kintu aisI bAta to nahIM ki usa abhivyaMgya kAraka-zakti kA svarUpa-nirdhAraNa vibhakti se pRthak haTakara ho hI nahIM ske| vibhakti vizuddha zabdapakSIya tattva hai tathA kAraka arthapakSIya yA dArzanika tattva / isa grantha meM mUlataH kArakoM kA vibhakti se pRthak adhyayana karane para bhI eka adhyAya meM una donoM ke bIca sambandha dikhalAte hue kAraka tathA kAraketara kI abhivyaJjikA vibhaktiyoM kA pRthak-pRthak nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| vibhaktiyoM ke pRthak adhyayana kA pUrNa avakAza hai--vizeSatayA vAkya vijJAna kI anivArya ikAI ke rUpa meM isakA adhyayana samyag rUpa se ho sakatA hai| isakI pUrti kucha aMzoM meM tArApura vAlA kI saMskRta vAkya vijJAna-viSayaka pustaka' karatI bhI hai / tathApi paravartI AryabhASAoM ke sandarbha meM athavA samavartI bhAratayUropIya bhASAoM ke sandarbha meM bhI vibhaktiyoM ke alaga-alaga adhyayana kA paryApta avakAza hai| __ grantha kI tIsarI sImA vizuddha zAstrIya dRSTikoNa se viSayoM kA aitihAsika paryavekSaNa hai / isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki saMskRta bhASA meM likhita mUla granthoM ko hI AdhAra mAnakara isa grantha kI racanA huI hai| mUla granthoM ke AzayoM ko spaSTa karane ke lie prAmANika TIkAoM kA Azraya liyA gayA hai, kyoMki 'TIkA gurUNAM guruH' kI ukti ne mujhe aneka sthaloM para bhrama tathA apasiddhAnta ke niveza se bacAyA hai / isa sImA kA abhAvarUpa pakSa yaha hai ki tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karane ke lie bhI maiMne anya bhASAoM ke Upara 1. I. J. S. Taraporewala, Sanskrit Syntax, Delhi, 1967

Page #12
( 8 ) likhe gaye etad - viSayaka granthoM kA Azraya nahIM liyA hai| hA~, 'saMskRta - vyAkaraNa' meM kAraka para prApta sAmagrI kA avazya hI upayoga kiyA gayA hai-- isameM bhASAmaryAdA kA koI prazna nahIM / mukhyatayA mUla saMskRta-granthoM ko AdhAra banAne meM do uddezya rahe haiM - eka to Adhunika pAThakoM taka saMskRta vaiyAkaraNoM ke kramika vicAroM ko pratyakSa srota se pahu~cAnA; dUsare luptaprAya granthoM ke prati ruci bar3hAkara punaruddhAra karanA / yahI kAraNa hai ki pratipAdya tathyoM kA pramANa dene meM, saMketAtmaka hI nirdeza na dekara, unase sambaddha vAkyoM kA yathAsAdhya pUrA uddharaNa diyA gayA hai, jisase satya kA nirNaya karane meM vyavadhAna na ho / isa grantha ke mukhya adhyAyoM meM viSayoM ke aitihAsika vikAsa ke AdhAra para vivecana kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ spaSTa ho jAnA cAhie ki merI tuccha sammati meM viSayoM kA vikAsa to nahIM huA hai -viSayoM para vaiyAkaraNoM ke dvArA kiye gaye vivecana avazya hI kramazaH vikasita hote gaye haiM / vikAsa ke vibhinna sopAnoM para kramazaH pANini, pataMjali, bhartRhari, kaiyaTa bhaTTojidIkSita, kauNDabhaTTa tathA nAgeza ko rakhA gayA hai / kahIM-kahIM isa krama meM AvazyakatAnusAra, mUla granthakAroM kA Azaya spaSTa karane ke lie, kAlika dRSTi se dUravartI TIkAkAra ko bhI anya AcAryoM kI apekSA prAthamikatA dI gayI hai / isakA eka anya apavAda bhI kucha adhyAyoM meM milegA / jina kArakoM kA vivecana pANini ne ekAdhika sUtroM meM kiyA hai ( jaise --- karma, sampradAna, apAdAna ) unameM mukhya sUtra yA sUtroM para hI aitihAsika vivecana karake anya sUtroM para anta meM sAmAnya rUpa se vicAra kiyA gayA hai / prastuta grantha ke prathamAdhyAya meM vaidika kAla se kramaza: vikasita hone vAle vyAkaraNazAstra ke itihAsa kA saMkSipta vivaraNa diyA gayA hai, jisameM kAraka viSayaka sAhitya kI hI vizeSa carcA huI hai / pANinitantra, anya vyAkaraNatantra tathA dArzanika granthoM meM kAraka carcA ke AdhAra para tIna vibhinna prakaraNa isameM Aye haiM / granthakAroM kA tithi - vicAra vizeSatayA svIkRta matoM ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai / dvitIyAdhyAya meM kriyA-viSayaka vibhinna mata, zAbdabodha kA svarUpa tathA kriyA-kAraka sambandha para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / tRtIyAdhyAya meM kAraka tathA vibhakti kA sambandha dikhalAte hue vibhaktiyoM ke kAraka tathA upapada-rUpoM kA vizada vicAra kiyA gayA hai / isI prasaMga meM vivakSA kI zakti tathA usake niyamoM kA nirUpaNa bhI hai / zeSa adhyAyoM meM vibhaktiyoM ke kramAnusAra kartA, karma, karaNa, sampradAna, apAdAna tathA adhikaraNa kArakoM kA vikAsamUlaka vivecana kiyA gayA hai / kArakoM para Azrita isa grantha meM pratipAdita viSayoM ke lie pUrNatA kA dAvA karanA bilakula asambhava hai / uparyukta sImAoM kA nirdhAraNa karane para bhI, sImita paridhi meM bhI, sabhI kSetroM kA nirIkSaNa nahIM ho sakatA - apa

Page #13
nirIkSaNa ( Mal-observation ) tathA anirIkSaNa ( Non-observation ) doSa raha jAnA sahaja sambhAvya hai / isakI bhASA-zailI ke viSaya meM bhI kucha nivedana karanA Avazyaka hai| hindI meM likhita isa grantha kI bhASA-zailI yathAsambhava hindI kI prakRti ke anurUpa rakhI gayI hai, kintu viSaya kI gambhIratA tathA zAstrIya prakRti ( Technical nature ) hone ke kAraNa kahIM-kahIM hindI meM sAmAnyatayA apracalita zAstrIya zabda A gaye haiM, kintu AdyopAnta grantha kA adhyayana karane para ve durUha nahIM raheMge-aisI AzA hai / isI prakAra kahIM para- vizeSatayA navya-nyAya tathA navya-vyAkaraNa ke sambaddha sthaloM para-hindI meM avyavahRta zailI kA upayoga karanA par3A hai, tathApi use prakArAntara se samajhAne kA pUrNa prayatna kiyA gayA hai, jisase sAmAnya pAThaka ko bhI nyUnatama kaSTa ho| phira bhI apanI vivazatA tathA azakti se utpanna abhivyaktiyoM ke lie maiM buddhimAn adhyetAoM se kSamAprArthI hU~ / yahI santoSa hai ki bhASAvijJAna ke siddhAnta ke anusAra jaba eka hI bhASA bolane vAle DaoNkTara tathA vakIla kI abhivyaktiyoM meM paryApta antara hotA hai taba prastuta sthala meM viSaya-niSTha nyUnatama bhASA-bheda avazya hI marSaNIya hai| pratipAdya viSaya meM kisI abhinava siddhAnta ke niveza kA abhimAna nahIM karane para bhI itanA kahanA sambhava hai ki kAraka se sambaddha cintana kA prathama samanvita tathA vyApaka rUpa dene kA prayAsa isa grantha meM kiyA gayA hai| isa kAryakrama meM katipaya aspRSTapUrva zAstrIya granthiyoM ke zlathIkaraNa kA dRzya bhI isameM mila sakatA hai| isake nirvAha ke lie kahIM-kahIM AnuSaMgika viSayoM kA vivecana tathA punaruktiyA~ taka huI haiM, kintu unake binA viSaya kI durUhatA yathApUrva banI rahane ke bhaya se maiM vivaza thaa| merA vizvAsa hai ki ye virala punaruktiyAM pratipAdana kI abhinava zailI kA niveza karane ke kAraNa cittodvejaka nahIM hoNgii| kisI bhI kRti kI utpatti meM kaI kAraNa saMyukta rUpa se kAma karate haiM / mammaTa ne kAvya-hetu ke rUpa meM jo zakti, nipuNatA ( vyutpatti ) tathA abhyAsa kI samudita-kAraNatA pratipAdita kI hai vaha vyAkhyAntara se kRtimAtra ke lie satya hai / viSaya meM ruci, utsAha, kalpanA-zakti tathA janmAntara ke saMskAra ke rUpa meM prApta pratibhA ko maiM zakti ke antargata rakhatA hU~, kyoMki isake abhAva meM kRti kA prasAra nahIM hotA, yadi ho bhI to vaha hAsyAspada kRti hotI hai| jJAna, adhyayana tathA vAtAvaraNa kI anukUlatA vyutpatti detI hai| anta meM abhyAsa kA artha hai-prayoga aura truTi ( Trial and error ) se saMgharSa karate hue lakSya kI ora agrasara honaa| prastuta kRti meM bhI ina tattvoM kA samudita

Page #14
( 10 ) prayoga huA hai-sUtrarUpa meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai / prathama tathA tRtIya kAraNa vyaktigata haiM, una para kucha nahIM kahanA hI zreyaskara hai| vyutpatti dene vAle AcAryoM ke prati AbhAra prakaTa karanA avazya hI Arjava hogaa| isa grantha kI racanA meM vyAkaraNazAstra tathA nyAyadarzana ke sambaddha granthakAroM, TIkAkAroM tathA unakI kRtiyoM ke sUkSma anuzIlana kA bahuta bar3A yogadAna hai / zAstroM kA anuzIlana na kevala adRSTa kA sundara phala detA hai, apitu dRSTa phala dene meM bhI usakI mahArha bhUmikA hotI hai--isakA sAkSAtkAra isa grantha-prasUti meM nihita hai| viSaya se sambaddha prAcIna granthoM ke atirikta aneka arvAcIna aMgrejI-hindI-baMgalA granthoM se sahAyatA lI gayI hai| isakA racanAkAla 1966 se 1972 I0 hai / usa samaya taka jo grantha upalabdha theunakA bharapUra upayoga isameM kiyA gayA hai| idhara vyAkaraNa-darzana tathA bhASAdarzana para kucha acchI pustakeM nibandha-saMgrahoM ke rUpa meM athavA eka hI lekhaka kI racanA ke rUpa meM prakAzita huI haiN| kintu isa viSaya para pichale bIsa varSoM meM bhavAnanda ke 'kArakacakra' para DaoN0 aravinda kumAra dvArA racita vyAkhyA ke atirikta koI pustaka prakAzita nahIM huI hai / ataeva prastuta grantha ke racanAkAla tathA prakAzana-kAla meM vizAla antarAla hone para bhI koI duHkha nahIM hai| isase pAzcAtya jagat ko bhI kAraka-viSayaka dArzanika cintana kA adhigama hogA-aisA mujhe vizvAsa hai / ___ isa avasara para maiM tIna svargIya vidvAnoM ke prati kRtajJatA jJApita karanA apanA kartavya mAnatA huuN| inameM prathama haiM--DaoN0 sAtakar3i mukhopAdhyAya jo kalakattA vizvavidyAlaya meM saMskRta-vibhAga ke adhyakSa tathA AcArya pada se sevA-nivRtta hokara navanAlandA mahAvihAra ke nidezaka bane the| mujhe yaha kahate hue atyanta gaurava-bodha hotA hai ki ve mere prathama zodhaguru the, jinake nirdezana meM bauddha-grantha pramANavAtika para maiM kucha dinoM taka kAma karatA rahA thaa| zodhakArya kI prakriyA kA jJAna unhIM se pAkara jIvana-darzana kA parimArjana kiyaa| tadanantara paTanA vizvavidyAlaya ke bhUtapUrva kulapati AcArya devendranAtha zarmA ke prati maiM kRtajJa hU~, jinhoMne mujhe kaThina granthoM kI vyAkhyA ke lie sarala-sahaja-subodha zailI kA mahattva smjhaayaa| mukhyataH saMskRta kAvyazAstra tathA bhASAvijJAna ke agraNI vidvAn hone para bhI inhoMne mujhe vyAkaraNa-darzana ke gahana kAntAra meM praveza kI preraNA bhI dii| antataH paTanA vizvavidyAlaya ke bhUtapUrva saMskRtavibhAgAdhyakSa DaoN0 becana jhA ke prati bhI maiM kRtajJa hU~ jinake AzIrvacana se yaha grantha likhA gyaa| ina tInoM AcAryoM kI asaMkhya ziSya-paramparA Aja pUre bhArata meM apane guruniSTha jJAna ke Aloka kA prasAraNa kara rahI haiM / una ziSyoM meM merA bhI eka sAdhAraNa sthAna hai|

Page #15
'bhAryA bhAravimocanAya' ke niyama se merI patnI apanI durbhara rugNAvasthA meM bhI mere antaraGga tathA bahiraGga gArhasthya-bhAra ke vipulAMza kA svayaM vahana karake mujhe adhyayana tathA grantha-lekhana kA adhikAdhika avasara detI rahI haiM / unake prati bhI atyadhika kRtajJa huuN| isa grantha ko apane prakhyAta prakAzana saMsthAna : caukhambA surabhAratI dvArA zIghrAtizIghra eka varSa se bhI kama samaya meM surucipUrNa DhaMga se prakAzita karane ke lie maiM saMsthAna ke adhikAriyoM kA hRdaya se kRtajJa hU~ / isa grantha se vidvAnoM tathA sudhI chAtroM kA yadi kucha bhI upakAra huA to maiM apane zrama ko sArthaka smjhuugaa| AzvinI pUrNimA, 1 2050 vi0 saM0 ! -umAzaGkara zarmA 'RSi' 30-10-1993 I0 )

Page #16
mI0 sU0 saMketa-vivaraNa : Rgved-sNhitaa| kA0 ca0 : kAraka cakra ( bhavAnanda ) / ta0 bo0 : tattvabodhinI ( laghuzabdenduzekharasahita siddhAnta kaumudI kA guruprasAda zAstrI kA saMskaraNa ) / ni0 : nirukta ( yAska ) / nyA0 ko : nyAyakoza ( bhImAcArya jhalakIkara ) / pa0 la0 ma0 : paramalaghumaJjUSA ( nAgeza ) / pA0 sU0 : pANinisUtra / bra0 sU0 : brahmasUtra ( bAdarAyaNa ) / ma0 bhASya : mahAbhASya ( pataJjali ) / : mImAMsAsUtra ( jaimini ) / la0 maM0 : laghumaJjUSA ( nAgeza ) / la0 za0 ze0 : laghuzabdenduzekhara ( dekheM-ta0 bo0)| vA0pa0 : vAkyapadIya ( bhartRhari ) / vA0rA0 : vAlmIki rAmAyaNa / ve0 50 : vedAntaparibhASA ( dharmarAjAdhvarIndra ) / vai0 bhU0 : vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa ( kauNDabhaTTa ) / vai0 bhU0 sA0 : vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra ( kauNDabhaTTa ) / vyA0 da0 iti : vyAkaraNadarzanera itihAsa (baMgalA-gurupada haaldaar)| vyu. vA0 : vyutpattivAda (lakSmInAtha jhA kRta prakAza shit)| za0 ko0 : zabdakaustubha ( bhaTTojidIkSita ) / za0 za0 pra0 : zabdazaktiprakAzikA ( jagadIza ) / saM0vyA0zA0iti0 : saMskRta vyAkaraNazAstra kA itihAsa ( yudhiSThira mImAMsaka ) / si0 ko0 : siddhAntakaumudI ( dekheM-ta0 bo0 ) /

Page #17
viSayAnukrama adhyAya pRSTha ___ kAraka-viSayaka bhAratIya cintana kA itihAsa 1-34 dArzanika cintana kA Rgveda meM prArambha 1, pANini-pUrva vaiyAkaraNa 3, pANini 4, kAtyAyana 6, pataJjali 7, kAraka tathA vibhakti kA pRthak nimpaNa 8, bhartRhari ke vAkyapadIya meM kAraka-vicAra 9, kAzikAvRtti 11, baMgAla meM pANinIya vyAkaraNa 13, prakriyA-granthoM kA udbhava tathA vikAsa----prakriyA-grantha-svarUpa 14, rUpAvatAra 14, rUpamAlA 15, prakriyAkaumudI 15, bhaTTojidIkSita ke grantha 15, vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa 18, annambhaTTa 19, vizvezvarasUri 20, nAgezabhaTTa ke grantha 20, laghumaJjUpA kI viSayavastu 22, anya vyAkaraNa-sampradAya 23, dasa sampradAyoM kA saMkSipta itihAsa 24, anya zAstroM meM kAraka-carcA 29, advaitavedAnta 30, zAbarabhASya 31, nyAyadarzana : prAcIna tathA navya 32, kArakaviSayaka prakaraNa grantha 33 / kriyA tathA kAraka 35-70 kArakoM kA kriyA se anvaya 35, kriyA kA svarUpa : kriyA, dhAtu tathA AkhyAta 35, phala tathA vyApAra ke rUpa meM dhAtu kA artha 36, nirukta meM kriyA kA vicAra 37, kriyA kA 'karoti' yA 'asti' se anvaya 37, samanvaya 40, vAkyapadIya meM kriyA-vicAra 40, maNDanamizra : phala kI dhAtvarthatA 42, nAgeza dvArA isakI AlocanA 42, dhAtvartha ke ekAMgI siddhAnta 45, kartRvAcya meM vyApAra kI pradhAnatA 46, karmavAcya meM phala kI pradhAnatA 47, zAbdabodha 47, sakarmaka tathA akarmaka dhAtu kA artha 48, tipratyaya kA arthanyAya tathA vyAkaraNa ke siddhAnta 51, vAkya meM kriyA kA sthAna 54, nAmArtha kA kriyA se sambandha-kAraka kA bIja 55, kriyA kI gamyamAnatA se kAraka kI vyavasthA 56, kAraka-lakSaNa 57, kAraka kI zaktirUpatA ( bhartRhari kA mata ) 58, kArakalakSaNa-vimarza ( anya lakSaNoM para vicAra ) 62, kArakabheda tathA unakA yuktimUlaka vikAsa 66, sampradAna tathA apAdAna kI kArakatA 67 / kAraka tathA vibhakti 71-100 kAraka-sambandha tathA upapada-sambandha 71, vibhakti tathA sup kI paryAyarUpatA 72, prathamAdi vibhaktiyoM ke do rUpa : kArakavibhakti 2saM0

Page #18
adhyAya pRSTha tathA upapadavibhakti - prathamA 73, dvitIyA 74, tRtIyA 75, caturthI 76, paMcamI 78, SaSThI vibhakti tathA zeSa kA artha 80, saptamI 86, kArakavibhakti kA prAbalya 88, sambodhana kA artha 91 vivakSAta: kArakANi 95, vivakSA kA zAstratva tathA usake prakAra 98, niSedhavAkyoM meM vibhakti 100 / 4 ( 14 ) 6 kartR-kAraka 101-140 vyutpatti 101, pANini - kRta lakSaNa 101, 'svatantra' kA pataMjali dvArA vivecana 101, kartA kI svatantratA : bhartRhari ke vicAra 104, prayojya kA kartRtva 106, acetana kA kartRtva 109, zabdajagat kI vilakSaNatA 110, 'aGkuro jAyate' meM prakRti-vikRti kA vivecana 111, prakRti - vikRti kA paryAya se kartRtva 115, hetu ( prayojaka ) kA vicAra 118, navyanyAya meM kartR-vicAra 123, 'kRtyAzrayaH kartA' - ' - bhavAnanda 125, gadAdhara 126, acetana kA gauNa kartRtva - navya-vyAkaraNa tathA kartRtva-lakSaNa 127, bhaTTojidIkSita, tatusbhaTTa tathA nAgeza kA yogadAna 128, prayojaka aura prayojya 135, kartA ke bheda 137 / karma-kAraka 141-193 vyutpatti 141, kartA kA Ipsitatama 142, Ipsitatama kA pataJjali dvArA vivecana 144, anIpsita kA karmatva 146, dveSya tathA udAsIna 147, nyAyadarzana meM karma - vivecana 149 jayantabhaTTa kI Apatti 350, puruSottama dvArA samAdhAna 150, mImAMsAdarzana meM karma 151, saMskArya dravya 152, navya-nyAya meM karmalakSaNa tathA unakI AlocanA 152, navya-vyAkaraNa meM karmalakSaNa--dIkSita, kauNDabhaTTa tathA nAgeza dvArA sabhI matoM kI samIkSA 163, dvikarmaka dhAtu tathA akathita karma 171, dvikarmaka dhAtuoM kI sUcI kA vikAsa 172, akathita karma para bhartRhari kA vaktavya 176, prayojya kartA kA karmatva 181, karma ke bheda 185, nirvartya karma 186, vikArya karma 187, prApya karma 189, karma ke anya bheda 191 / 194-223 tamap-pratyaya kA artha : karaNa-kAraka vyutpatti 194, sAdhakatama kAraka 194, pUrvapakSa tathA uttarapakSa 195, prakarSa kA artha 197, prakarSa svakakSA meM yA parApekSaka 199, kartA tathA karaNa meM bheda 201, kartRsaMjJA dvArA karaNasaMjJA kA bAdha 203, vidyamAna karaNa dvArA kriyopakAra

Page #19
( 15 ) adhyAya pRSTha 204, asat padArtha kA karaNatva 204, navya-nyAya meM karaNa-vivecana : bhavAnanda 207, AtmA kA karaNatva 209, vyutpattivAda meM kartavyApAra kI adhInatA 210, kAraNa tathA karaNa meM bheda 211, karaNa tathA hetu 213, hetu tathA tAdarthya meM bheda 217, 'Azraya' karaNatRtIyA kA artha hai--kauNDabhaTTa 218, brahmasUtra meM karaNatva-vivakSA 218, nAgeza dvArA karaNatva-vivecana 220, karaNa ke bheda 222 / sampradAna kAraka 224-258 vyutpatti 224, pANini-sUtra kA vizleSaNa 224, 'karmaNA', 'ya... saH' tathA 'abhipreti' ke niveza kA prayojana 224, kriyAsambandha se sampradAna 227, karma tathA sampradAna : bhedAbheda-vivakSA 229, bhartRhari dvArA vivecana 230, dAnakriyA tathA sampradAna : anvarthasaMjJakatA 233, sampradAna ke bheda 234, kucha saMzayAtmaka udAharaNa 237, navya-nyAya meM sampradAna-vivecana : uddezyatva 240, icchAviSayatva 241, nAgeza dvArA sampradAnatva-nirvacana 243, svatvavicAra 246, sampradAna ke anya sUtra : 'rucyarthAnAM prIyamANaH' ityAdi 247 / apAdAna-kAraka 259-288 vyutpatti 259, pANinIya lakSaNa 259, dhruva kI zAstrIyatA : avadhi kI anivAryatA 260, apAya tathA vaizeSika darzana kA vibhAgavivecana 264, anyatarakarmaja tathA ubhayakarmaja vibhAgoM meM apAdAna kI sthiti 265, nAgeza dvArA apAdAnatva-nirvacana 266, naiyAyikoM ke vibhAgAzrayatva-mata kA khaNDana 269, apAdAnaviSayaka anya sthala 271, apAdAna ke bheda 274, apAdAna-viSayaka sUtroM kI vyAkhyA kA vikAsa-krama 277, upasaMhAra 288 / adhikaraNa-kAraka 289-314 adhi kA prAcIna artha 289, adhikaraNa kA artha 290, AdhAra kI paramparayA adhikaraNatA 290, vAkyapadIya meM adhikaraNa-lakSaNa 290, AkAza tathA kAla kA AdhAratva 293, upavAsa-kriyA meM AdhAra 296, navyanyAya tathA adhikaraNa : bhavAnanda dvArA vivecana 298, navyavyAkaraNa meM adhikaraNa-vicAra : kauNDa tathA nAgeza 303, adhikaraNa ke bheda 306, adhikaraNa ke anya bheda 313 / pariziSTa upasaMhAra 315 sahAyaka granthAvalI

Page #20

Page #21
adhyAya : 1 kAraka - viSayaka bhAratIya cintana kA itihAsa kisI bhI deza meM bhASA ke nyUnAdhika vikAsa ke bAda hI tadviSayaka cintana kA Arambha hotA hai, yadi usa deza ke nivAsI buddhi kI dRSTi se bhI paryApta vikasita ho gaye hoM / saMsAra bhara meM bhArata tathA yUnAna ke manISiyoM meM atyanta prAcInakAla meM bhASA viSayaka vicAra karane kI kSamatA dekhate haiM, yadyapi anuvartI kAla meM unase prabhAvita anya dezoM meM bhI yaha sthiti saMkrAnta huI hai / yUnAna kI apekSA bhArata isa viSaya meM agraNI rahA hai, kyoMki yahA~ ke Adima grantha Rgveda meM hI bhASA - vizleSaNa ke saMketa hameM prApta hote haiM / usake bAda se to usakI avicchinna paramparA hI calane lagI, jisakI pariNati Adhunika samaya se bahuta pUrva hI ho gayI-sI lagatI hai / bhAratavarSa kI yaha paramparA aneka saMgharSoM tathA pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM bhI akSuNNa rahI, jisakA zreya yahA~ ke niHsvArtha tathA jJAnasat ke anuSThAtA yajamAnoM ko hai, jinhoMne bhautikavAda ke camatkAra se sadA aspRSTa rahakara nyUnatama bhautika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti se santoSa karate hue jJAna kI agni sadA prajvalita rakhI; apanI-apanI pratibhA kI samidhA, kalpanA kA havya evam anubhUtiyoM kI AhutiyA~ dete rahe aura Aja hamAre samakSa apane riktha ke rUpa meM itanI adhika zAstra sampatti rakha gaye ki hama pAzcAtya saMsAra ke aharniza vikAsazIla cintanoM kI jhaMjhA ke sAmane Thahara sakeM tathA svayaM kucha yogadAna na kara sakane para bhI yaha kaha sakeM ki bhASA viSayaka sarvotkRSTa vicAra vizva ko hamArI sabase bar3I dena hai / dArzanika cintana kA Rgveda meM prArambha samasta bhAratIya cintanadhArA kA srota hameM Rgveda ke mantroM meM prApta hotA hai / yadyapi veda tathA usakI vyAkhyA ke kAla meM paryApta vyavadhAna hone ke kAraNa vedArtha ke viSaya meM aneka vipratipattiyA~ haiM, tathApi katipaya sthaloM meM paravartI kAla kI bhASA ke AdhAra para zabdArtha sambandha kA nirUpaNa karanA sambhava hai / vyAkaraNa-darzana kI prathama udbhAvanA hameM Rgveda ke vAksUkta (10 / 125 ) meM upalabdha hotI hai, jisameM vANI ko devatA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita karake svayaM vAgdevI se hI uttama puruSa meM sUkta kI AThoM RcAoM kA AkhyAta karAyA gayA hai / vaha kahatI haiM ki mujhe devatAoM ne hI sarvatra phailAyA hai, jisase maiM aneka sthAnoM meM sthita tathA saboM meM praviSTa hU~ / isase vANI kI sarvavyApakatA siddha hai / jahA~ taka brahmamaya saMsAra hai, vaha vANI kA hI kSetra hai / 1. 'tAM mA devA vyadadhuH purutrA bhUristhAtrAM bhUryAvezayantIm / Rgveda 10 / 125 / 3 2. 'bhAva brahmavicitaM tAvatI bAk' / - Rgveda 101114|5

Page #22
saMskRta vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana vANI ke zuddha tathA azuddha ina do rUpoM kI kalpanA bhI Rgveda meM kI gayI hai / jisa prakAra sattU ko chAnakara pavitra karate haiM usI prakAra vANI ko bhI mana yA buddhi se pariSkRta karake, avaktavya kI vyAvRtti karate hue vidvAn loga prayoga meM lAte haiM, jisase unakI vANI meM lakSmI ( zobhA yA divyatA ) kA nivAsa rahatA hai / mUrkho tathA hAlikoM kI bhASA inase bhinna hai, kyoMki ye vAcyAvAcya kA bheda nahIM jAnate / prathama maNDalAntargata 'asya vAmasya' sUkta ( 11164 ) meM dArzanika vicAroM kA rUpakAtmaka pravAha dikhalAyI par3atA hai| isameM bhI vANI kI carcA huI hai tathA eka suprasiddha RcA meM vANI kI cAra avasthAoM kA nirdeza hai, jinameM manuSyoM ke dvArA antima avasthA yA turIya vANI kA hI vyavahAra hotA hai / vyAkhyAkAroM ke anusAra ye nimna haiM- parA, pazyantI, madhyamA tathA vaikharI / manuSyoM ke dvArA antima vANIvaikharI kA prayoga hotA hai / yAska tathA pataJjali cAra vAk-parimita padoM se nAma, AkhyAta, upasarga tathA nipAta kA bodha karate haiM, kintu kumArila ne tantravArtika meM isakI AlocanA kI hai ki manuSyoM ke dvArA vANI ke caturtha rUpa ( arthAt nipAtamAtra ) kA prayoga karanA asaMgata ho jAyagA, kyoMki manuSya cAroM hI pada-bhedoM kA prayoga karate haiM, kevala nipAta kA nahIM / Rgveda meM vANI ke vizleSaNa ke krama meM diye gaye nirvacanoM kI paramparA bhI kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai / 'yajJena yajJamayajanta devAH' ( 1 / 164|50), 'ye sahAMsi sahasA sahante ' ( 6 / 66 / 9 ), 'stotRbhyo maMhate magham' ( 1 / 11 / 3 ) ityAdi mantra nirvacanaparaka haiM / paravartI kAla meM brAhmaNa-granthoM kA eka viSaya hI nirvacana karanA ho gayA / kArakoM ko abhivyakta karane vAlI vibhaktiyoM kA niyamapUrvaka tathA vAkzailI- rUpa ( Idiomatic ) prayoga yaha siddha karatA hai ki Rgveda ke samaya meM inakI vyavasthA atyanta sthira thI, jo samasta uttaravartI prayogoM ke lie AdhAra rUpa meM kAma karatI hai / yadyapi hama alaga se kArakoM ke cintana kI sAmagrI Rgveda meM nahIM pAte kintu vibhaktiyoM kA ukta vyavasthita prayoga hameM yaha anumAna karane ko vivaza karatA hai ki 'sAkSAtkRta-dharmA' RSiyoM ke mastiSka meM kAraka tathA vibhakti se sambaddha vicAra 1. draSTavya - Rgveda 10 / 71 / 2 / 2. ' catvAri vAkparimitA padAni tAni vidurbrAhmaNA ye manISiNaH / guhA trINi nihitA neGgayanti turIyaM vAco manuSyA vadanti' // - Rgveda 1 / 164 / 45 3. 'parA vAGmUlacakrasthA pazyantI nAbhidezagA / hRdisthA madhyamA jJeyA vaikharI kaNThadezagA // vaikharyAstu kRto nAdaH parazravaNagocara: ' // - paramalaghumaJjUSA, pR0 70 4. 'etadviSayatve ca varNyamAne 'turIyaM vAco manuSyA vadanti' ityasambaddhameva syAt / caturNAmapi padajAtAnAM manuSyairucyamAnatvAt' / - tantravArtika, pR0 214

Page #23
kAraka-viSayaka bhAratIya cintana kA itihAsa atyanta praur3ha the / ve yaha bAta ThIka-ThIka samajhate the ki kisI mantra meM koI zabda kisI vizeSa vibhakti meM kyoM hai / 'indavo vAmuzanti hi' ( 1 / 2 / 4 ) meM indu kA kartRtva, 'agnimILe' ( 1 / 1 / 1 ) meM agni kA karmatva, 'pracetayati ketunA' (1 / 3 / 12) meM ketu kA karaNatva, 'emAzumAzave bhara' (1 / 4 / 7 ) meM Azu kA sampradAnatva, 'ataH parijmannA gahi divo vA pArthivAvadhi' ( 1 / 6 / 9) meM apAdAna, 'A sUrya rohayed divi' ( 17 / 3 ) meM adhikaraNa tathA aise hI anyAnya prayogoM se hama RgvedIya vAkyoM meM kAraka-kalpanA kA anumAna kara sakate haiM / satya to yaha hai ki jisa dina se manuSya ne bhASA kA prayoga Arambha kiyA usI ke sAtha hI kAraka bhI bhASA kA avibhAjya aMga banakara vAkyoM meM samAviSTa ho gayA / tathApi tadviSayaka cintana to bAda kI dena hai| vaidika sAhitya meM kAraka se pUrva vibhakti kA nirdeza prApta hotA hai / yadyapi Rgveda meM 'catvAri zRGgA' ( 4 / 58 / 3 ) ityAdi mantra meM sthita 'sapta hastAso asya' ke sAta hAthoM se sAta vibhaktiyoM kA artha kiyA gayA hai ( mahAbhASya, pR0 3 ), tathApi vibhinna vyAkhyAkAroM ke dvArA isa prahelikAtmaka mantra kI pRthaka-pRthak vyAkhyA kiye jAne ke kAraNa yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki nizcita rUpa se sAta hAtha sAta vibhaktiyoM ke hI bodhaka haiM / Rgveda meM anyatra (8169 / 12) bhI 'yasya te sapta sindhavaH' kA prayoga huA hai, jisakA uddharaNa pataJjali ne bhASya meM dekara isameM sthita sAta nadiyoM kA artha sAta vibhaktiyoM ke rUpa meM hI kiyA hai| bahuta sambhava hai ki yahA~ vANI kI sAta nadiyAM, jo jihvA para pravAhita hotI haiM, sAta vibhaktiyA~ hI hoN| maitrAyaNI-saMhitA meM hameM sarvaprathama vibhakti zabda ke darzana hote haiM-'tasmAt Sar3a vibhaktayaH' ( 17 / 3) / aitareya brAhmaNa (77 ) meM vibhakti ke rUpa meM sAta bhAgoM meM vibhakta vANI kI carcA huI hai, kintu gopatha-brAhmaNa meM ( pU0 1 / 24 ) eka hI sAtha vyAkaraNa ke aneka saMjJA-zabdoM ke bIca vibhakti kA nirdeza hone se isakA mahattva bahuta bar3ha gayA hai / isake pUrva hI taittirIya-saMhitA ke eka nirdeza ( 6 / 47 ) ke anusAra indra ke dvArA vANI ke vyAkRta arthAt prakRti-pratyaya ke rUpa meM pRthaka hone kA ullekha hai ( vAgvaM parAvyavyAkRtAvadat, te devA indramabruvan, imAM no vAcaM vyAkuviti ........tAmindro madhyato'vakramya vyAkarot ) / Rk-tantra ke nirdezAnusAra vyAkaraNa ke prathama pravaktA brahmA the, jinhoMne bRhaspati ko zikSA dI, bRhaspati ne indra ko, indra ne bharadvAja ko tathA inhoMne RSiyoM ko vyAkaraNa kA pravacana kiyaa| ina RSiyoM se brAhmaNoM meM zabda-vidyA kA pracAra huA / pANinipUrva vaiyAkaraNa yAska tathA pANini ke pUrva aneka vaiyAkaraNoM ke sampradAya bhASAgata padArthoM ke svatantra cintana meM lage hue the, jinake nAma hameM nirukta, aSTAdhyAyI tathA prAtizAkhyoM 1. 'oGkAraM pRcchAmaH / ko ! 'tuH, kiM prAtipradikaM, kiM nAmAkhyAtaM, ki liGga, ki vacanaM, kA vibhaktiH , kaH pratyayaH, kaH svaraH, upasargo nipAtaH, kiM vai vyAkaraNam' ? 2. paM0 yudhiSThira mImAMsaka, saM0 vyA0 zA0 iti0, bhAga 1, pR0 58 /

Page #24
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana meM bhI prApta hote haiM / yAska ne nimbata ke Arambha meM hI nimnalikhita pAMca AvAryoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo bhApAtattva ke cintana meM lage hue the---aupamanyava, audumbarAyaNa, vArSyAyaNi, zAkaTAyana tathA gArgya' / inake atirikta kautma, zAkaNi, sthaulApThIvi ityAdi AcArya bhI nimbata meM nirdiSTa haiM / zAkaTAyana tathA gArgya kA paraspara virodha nirUkta meM kaI sthAnoM para prakaTa huA hai / pANini ne bhI apTAdhyAyI meM apane pUrva ke 10 vyAkaraNa-pravaktAoM ke nAma diye haiM --Apizali (6 / 1 / 92 ), kAzyapa ( 1 / 2 / 25 ), gArgya ( 8 / 3 / 20 ), gAlava (7 / 1 / 74 ), cAkravarmaNa (6 / 1 / 130), bharadvAja (7 / 2 / 63 ), zAkaTAyana (3 / 4 / 111 ), zAkalya ( 1 / 1 / 16 ), sevaka (5 / 4 / 112 ) tathA sphoTAyana (6 / 1 / 122 ) / prAtizAkhyoM meM bhI aneka prAka-pANini AcAryoM ke nAma milate haiM, jinake AdhAra para yudhiSThira mImAMsaka ne 85 vyAkaraNa-pravaktAoM ko pANini se pUrvavartI mAnA hai / ina sabhI AcAryoM ne avazya hI kucha-na-kucha yogadAna kAraka tathA vibhakti ke viSaya meM bhI kiyA hogA, kintu sUcanA-sAmagrI ke abhAva meM samprati kucha bhI kahanA kaThina hai / niruktakAra yAska kA mukhya uddezya yadyapi vyAkaraNa ke padArthoM kA vicAra karanA nahIM thA, tathA piAnuSaMgika rUpa se unhoMne katipaya saMjJA-zabdoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / padabheda, zabdoM ke dhAtuja-siddhAnta tathA nirvacana ke lie to yAska kA mahattva hai hii| prathamAdhyAya meM 'tva' zabda 'ke 'dRSTavyaya' ( vikArI zabda ) hone ke udAharaNa meM ve tvaH, tve tathA tvasmai ke vaidika prayoga dikhalAte haiM, jinameM prathamA tathA caturthI kI vibhaktiyA~ haiN| isI prakAra saptamAdhyAya meM RcAoM ke tIna bheda karate hue parokSakRta RcAoM kA prayoga sabhI supa-vibhaktiyoM meM unhoMne dikhalAyA hai| pANini kula milAkara pANini hI prathama upalabdha vaiyAkaraNa haiM, jinhoMne kAraka tathA vibhakti kA pRthaka-pRthak samyak rUpa se vicAra kiyA / pANini kA samaya pAzcAtya vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM 350 I0 e0 ( uttara sImA ) se 700 I0 pU0 taka hotA hai, jaba ki yudhiSThira mImAMsaka mahAbhArata kAla ke thor3A hI bAda 2900 (vi0 pU0 ) 1. 'nigamanAnnighaNTava ucyanta ityaupamanyavaH / indriyanityaM vacanamityaudumbarAyaNaH' / -ni0 11 'paDbhAvavikArA bhavantIti vArSyAyaNiH' |-ni0 1 / 3 / 'na nirbaddhA upasargA arthAnirAhuriti zAkaTAyanaH / uccAvacAH padArthA bhavantIti gaargyH'| -ni0 1 / 2 2. draSTavya-saM0 vyA0 zA0 iti0, bhAga 1, pR0 63 / 3. draSTavya-hindI nirukta ( umAzaMkara zarmA dvArA sampAdita ), bhUmikA 2, pR0 31 / 4. 'tatra parokSakRtA RcaH sarvAbhirnAmavibhaktibhiH prayujyante prathamapuruSazcAkhyA -nirukta 71

Page #25
kAraka-viSayaka bhAratIya cintana kA itihAsa pANini kA samaya mAnate haiM, jo aneka antaraMga tathA bahiraMga pramANoM para Azrita hai / itanA to nizcita hI hai ki pANini yA to buddha se pUrva hoMge yA unase sarvathA aparicita rUpa meM pazcimottara sImA prAnta meM rahate hoNge| tathApi aneka bhAratIya vidvAnoM kI sammati hai ki 500 I0 pU0 inakA samaya mAnanA ucita hai| pANini ne laukika tathA vaidika donoM bhASAoM kA eka saMyukta vyAkaraNa aSTAdhyAyI ke nAma se likhA, jisameM nAmAnusAra 8 adhyAya haiM tathA pratyeka adhyAya meM 4-4 pAda haiN| prAyaH 4000 sUtroM meM pANini ne apane sUkSma kintu vyApaka dRSTi kA anupama pradarzana kiyA hai| aSTAdhyAyI ke prathamAdhyAya ke caturtha pAda meM kAraka-viSayaka sUtra diye gaye haiM, jo saMkhyA meM 33 haiM ( 1 / 4 / 23-55 ) / prathama sUtra 'kArake' hai, jisake adhikAra meM apAdAna, sampradAna, adhikaraNa, karma tathA kartA-isa krama se kArakoM kA vivecana huA hai| inameM kucha kArakoM se ( jaise-apAdAna tathA sampradAna ) sambaddha kaI-kaI sUtra haiN| eka kAraka ke sthAna meM dUsare kAraka ke hone kA vidhAna karane vAle sUtra bhI inameM haiM; yathA-'RdhahorupasRSTayoH karma, adhizIsthAsAM karma' ityAdi / pANini ke sUtra saMkSipta hone para bhI durbodha nhiiN| inameM eka zabda bhI nirarthaka nahIM hai, pratyeka zabda kA apanA mUlya hai / ina kAraka-sUtroM ke pUraka ke rUpa meM aSTAdhyAyI ke dvitIyAdhyAya ke tRtIya pAda meM vibhaktiyoM kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai / 73 sUtroM kA yaha pUrA pAda hI vibhakti-vicAra ko samarpita hai| isameM 'anabhihite' ke adhikAra meM kramazaH dvitIyA, caturthI, tRtIyA, paMcamI tathA saptamI vibhaktiyoM ke prayoga-sthaloM kA nidarzana kiyA gayA hai| bIca-bIca meM anuvRtti kI suvidhA dekhakara eka vibhakti ke nirUpaNa meM dUsarI vibhaktiyoM kA bhI prayogasthala pradarzita huA hai / yathA-kAlAdhvanIratyantasaMyoge' ke dvArA hone vAlI dvitIyA vibhakti ke sAtha hI 'apavarga tRtIyA' kA bhI nirUpaNa hai / 'yasya ca bhAvena bhAvalakSaNam' ke dvArA niyata saptamI vibhakti ke sAtha 'SaSThI cAnAvare' bhI diyA gayA hai| isake bAda anabhihitAdhikAra se bhinna prAtipadikArtha mAtra meM honevAlI prathamA vibhakti kA vidhAna karake pANini ne zeSalakSaNA SaSThI kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| yaha zeSa uparyukta krama kI apekSA rakhane se hI samajhA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki jina viSayoM kA nirUpaNa ( karma meM dvitIyA ityAdi kA ) isa pAda meM ho cukA hai unase bhinna sthaloM ko hI zeSa kahate haiN| hama prakaraNAntara meM dekheMge ki isake do bheda hote haiM.-sambandha-sAmAnya tathA kArakoM kI zeSatva 1. draSTavya-saM0 vyA0 zA0 iti0, bhAga 1, pR0 197 / 2. (ka) 'tatrAzakyaM varNenApyanarthakena bhavituM, kiM punariyatA sUtrajAlena' / -mahAbhASya 1 / 1 / 1 para (kha) 'sAmarthyayogAnnahi kiJcidasmin pazyAmi zAstre yadanarthakaM syAt' / -6 / 177 para

Page #26
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana vivakSA / ataH pANini ne isa prakaraNa meM vibhinna kArakoM kI zeSatva-vivakSA ke sthaloM kA vistAra se nirUpaNa kiyA hai| ye vahI sthala haiM jo pANini ke samaya meM zeSa-rUpa meM vivakSita the arthAt jinameM kriyAyoga hone para bhI SaSThI vibhakti hotI thii| pANini kA kAraka tathA vibhakti-viSayaka vicAra itanA pUrNa tathA suvyavasthita hai ki paravartI AcAryoM ko isa vivecana meM pANinIya cintana se sadaiva dizA-nirdeza milA-ve AcArya isI sampradAya ke hoM yA anya sampradAyoM ke| candrAdi itara sampradAyavAloM ne pANini ke sUtroM ke AdhAra para hI apane sUtroM kI racanA kii| ___ dAkSAyaNa vyADi' dAkSIputra pANini2 ke mAmA the / inakA eka dArzanika grantha 'saMgraha' nAma kA thA, jisakI vaiyAkaraNa-nikAya meM paryApta carcA thI, kintu durbhAgyavaza bhartRhari ke samaya taka isakA lopa ho gayA thaa| isake uddharaNa-mAtra yatratatra bikhare hue milate haiM, jinase isa grantha kI viSaya-vastu kA ISat anumAna hotA hai| ina uddharaNoM kI vyApakatA hameM yaha mAnane ko vivaza karatI hai ki kAraka tathA vibhakti ke viSaya meM bhI isameM vizada vicAra huA hogaa| bahuta saMbhava hai ki ina vicAroM ko pataMjali ne mahAbhASya meM tathA bhartRhari ne vAkyapadIya meM samAviSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA ho / jo kucha bhI ho, paryApta pramANa-sAmagrI ke abhAva meM saba kucha kalpanA para hI Azrita hai| kAtyAyana pANini ke AvirbhAva ke zIghra pazcAt prAyaH 400 I0 pU0 meM kAtyAyana ( nAmAntara-vararuci ) hue, jinhoMne aSTAdhyAyI ke pramukha sUtroM para ukta, anukta tathA durukta ke vicAra ke rUpa meM apane vArtika likhe, jinakI pUrI saMkhyA prAya: 5000 hai / kAraka ke sUtroM se sambaddha (saM0 1074 se 1129 taka ) 56 vArtikoM kA nirdeza pataMjali ne apane bhASya meM kiyA hai| ina vArtikoM meM sUtra-sambandhI aneka AkSepa tathA samAdhAna diye gaye haiM / yaha samajhanA bhrama hai ki kAtyAyana ne pANini-sUtroM kA khaNDana kiyA hai / vAstavikatA yaha hai ki bhASA ke kramika vikAsa ke saMdarbha meM kucha saMzodhana unhoMne kiye haiN| udAharaNArtha apAdAna kAraka meM 'jugupsAvirAmapramAdAnAmupasaMkhyAnam' (saM0 1089)-kucha niyata dhAtuoM ke yoga meM bauddhApAya hone para apAdAna kA vidhAna karatA hai / kucha logoM kA vicAra hai ki mahAbhASya meM uddhata sabhI vArtika kAtyAyana ke hI nahIM haiN| kintu yaha bhI satya hai ki pataMjali ne mukhyataH kAtyAyana ke vArtikoM ko AdhAra mAnakara hI apanA bhASya likhaa| vibhakti ke prakaraNa meM bhI vArtikoM kI eka bar3I saMkhyA aSTAdhyAyI ke sUtroM kI 1. 'zobhanA khalu dAkSAyaNasya saGgrahasya kRtiH' / 2. 'dAkSIputrasya pANineH' / 3. yudhiSThira mImAMsaka, saM0 vyA0 zA0 iti0 11179 / 4. yudhiSThira mImAMsaka, saM0 vyA0 zA0 iti0 1 / 293 / -bhASya 2 / 3 / 66 -bhASya 13120

Page #27
kAraka-viSayaka bhAratIya cintana kA itihAsa vyAkhyA karatI hai ( 1459-1553 ) / yahA~ kula 95 vArtika haiM, jinameM aneka vArtika vAstava meM sUtra meM anirdiSTa apUrva viSaya kA vidhAna karate haiN| inheM paravartI pANinIyoM ne apane-apane granthoM meM samAviSTa kiyA hai| viSayavastu kI dRSTi se kAtyAyana ke vArtika do prakAra ke hai-nyUnatApUraka ( upasaMkhyAna ) vArtika tathA zaMkA-samA. dhAnAtmaka vArtika / bhASyakAra ne donoM kI samyaka samIkSA kI hai, vizeSataH dvitIya prakAra ke vArtikoM ke AdhAra para unhoMne apane vivecanoM ko uThAyA hai| zailI kI dRSTi se adhikAMza vArtika sUtrAtmaka haiM, kintu zlokAtmaka vArtika bhI haiM; jaise 'kathite'bhihite tvavidhistvamatiguNakarmaNi lAdividhiH sapare / dhruvaceSTitayuktiSu cApyaguNe tadanapyamatervacanaM smarata' // (pA0 1 / 4 / 51 para ) vArtika koI svatantra grantha nahIM hai, kisI-na-kisI sUtra se inakA sambandha hai| Aja vArtikoM ke jJAna kA ekamAtra sAdhana pAtaJjala mahAbhASya hai / yaha pataJjali para hI nirbhara hai ki unhoMne sabhI vArtikoM kA vivecana kiyA hai yA kucha chor3a bhI diye haiN| pataJjali zaMgavaMzIya rAjA puSyamitra ( 150 I0 pU0 ) ko yajJa karAne vAle mahAvaiyAkaraNa pataJjali kAtyAyana ke anantara sUtra-vArtika ke saMyukta bhASyakAra ke rUpa meM pANini-tantrAkAza meM sUrya ke samAna prakaTa hue / saMskRta vAGmaya meM vidyamAna anya bhASyoM kI zrRMkhalA meM apane katipaya viziSTa guNoM ke kAraNa pAtaJjalabhASya mahAbhASya kahA gyaa| mahAbhASya meM pANini ke pramukha sUtroM kI tathA una para vartamAna vArtikoM kI vizada vyAkhyA to hai hI, anyAnya dArzanika, sAmAjika tathA sAMskRtika sUcanAe~ dene ke kAraNa bhI isakA mahattva bar3ha gayA hai| bhartRhari ne sabhI nyAyabIjoM ( vidyA ke srotoM ) kA Akara-grantha ise mAnA hai| vastusthiti yaha hai ki pataJjali ne pANini-sUtroM kI vyAkhyA ke vyAja se apane samasta pUrvavartI vaiyAkaraNoM ke pramukha vicAroM ko bhASya meM niviSTa kiyA hai, jinheM sugama banAne ke lie rocaka AkhyAna bhI diye haiM / isI se yaha eka Akara-grantha bana gayA hai / itanI viSaya-bahulatA hone para bhI bhASya kI zailI atyanta hI parimArjita evaM sarala hai| vidheya ziSyoM ke samakSa guru 1. pataJjali ke kAla kI sUcanA denevAle antaraGga pramANa-vAkya nimna haiM'anuzoNaM pATaliputram ( 2 / 1 / 15 ), mohiraNyAthibhirarcAH prakalpitAH (5 / 3 / 99), aruNad yavanaH sAketam -aruNad yavano mAdhyamikAm ( 3 / 2 / 111), puSyamitrasabhA candraguptasabhA ( 1 / 1 / 68), puSyamitro yajate-yAjakA yAjayanti ( 3 / 1 / 26 ), iha puSyamitraM yAjayAmaH' ( 3 / 2 / 123) / 2. 'kRte'tha pataJjalinA guruNA tiirthdrshinaa| sarveSAM nyAyabIjAnAM mahAbhASye nibandhane' // vA0pa0 2 / 479

Page #28
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana jaisI sarala tathA Rju bhASA kA prayoga pravacana-kAla meM karatA hai vahI bhASA hameM pataJjali meM milatI hai| inakA bhASya prAyaH samAna parimANa ke AhnikoM meM vibhakta hai| prathamAdhyAya caturtha pAda kA tRtIyAhnika kArakamAtra kA vicAra karatA hai| isIlie ise kArakAhnika kahate haiM / yadyapi isameM sabhI kArakasUtroM para vicAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai tathApi jitane sUtra bhI vyAkhyAta hue haiM ve paryApta dArzanika vivecana se paripUrNa haiM / samprati kAraka-viSayaka pANini ke 33 sUtroM meM se kevala 20 para bhASya upalabdha hai / apAdAna-saMjJA kA vidhAna karane vAle sabhI sUtra vyAkhyAta hue haiM, kintu sampradAna ke vidhAyaka sUtroM meM prathama sUtra ke atirikta kevala eka hI sUtra bhASya meM sthAna pA sakA hai| apAdAna meM bahuta yatna se pataMjali ne pramukha sUtroM ke antargata hI sabhI yogoM kI vyAkhyA kI hai tathA anya sUtroM se nirdiSTa yogoM ko bauddha ( buddhistha ) apAya ke antargata rakhA hai| 'kArake' tathA 'akathitaM ca' kI vyAkhyA apekSAkRta lambI hai, jinameM kramazaH 4 tathA 5 adhikaraNoM ke antargata viSaya-vicAra sampanna huA hai| kAraka tathA vibhakti kA pRthak nirUpaNa ina kArakoM ko abhivyakta karane vAlI vibhaktiyoM kA vicAra bhASya meM dvitIyAdhyAya ke tRtIya pAda meM huA hai / isameM tIna Ahnika haiM / inameM 43 sUtroM tathA 95 vArtikoM kI vyAkhyA huI hai / vibhaktyartha-vicAra vAle isa pAda meM bhASyakAra ne sUtravArtika kI vyAkhyA ke atirikta bhI tAtkAlika vibhakti-prayoga dikhalAye haiN| vizeSataH 'anabhihita' zabda ke vivecana meM svataMtra rUpa se bhASyakAra ne vyAkaraNaviSayaka aneka sUcanAe~ dI haiN| ina tIna AcAryoM ko pANinitantra meM 'trimuni' ke dvArA abhihita kiyA gayA hai| kabhI-kabhI to trimuni tathA vyAkaraNazAstra ko abhinna rakhakara 'trimunivyAkaraNama' taka kahA jAtA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki ina tInoM ne milakara isa sampradAya ke upajIvya granthoM kA nirmANa kiyA, jina para anyAnya vidvAnoM ne apanIapanI TIkAe~ likhIM athavA jinheM AdhAra banAkara dUsare grantha likhe| pataMjali ke samaya meM hI saMskRta bhASA ziSTamAtra kI bhASA raha gayI thI, loka meM prAkRtoM kA prayoga hone lagA thaa| ziSToM kI bhASA meM parivartana kA alpa avakAza thA, kyoMki ye uccAraNa, sAdhu-prayoga ityAdi para bahuta adhika dhyAna dekara bhASA kI ekarUpatA 1. yudhiSThira mImAMsaka ne mahAbhASya ke lupta hone kA siddhAnta bhartahari ( vA0 pa0 2 / 482-3 ) ke prAmANya para svIkAra kiyA hai| isakA uddhAra bar3e prayatna se candrAcArya ne kiyA thaa| sambhava hai isI krama meM anya sUtroM kI vyAkhyA lupta ho gayI ho| anya bhASyakAroM ke samAna pataMjali ne bhI sabhI sUtroM para bhASya kiyA hogA, aisA pratIta hotA hai|

Page #29
kAraka-viSayaka bhAratIya cintana kA itihAsa banAye rakhanA cAhate the / tadanusAra pataMjali ke sAtha hI saMskRta bhASA kA pariniSThita rUpa nirdhArita ho gayA thA tathA vikAsazIla bhASA ke nUtana prayogoM ko antarbhUta karane ke lie jisa prakAra nirantara naye-naye vyAkaraNoM ke likhe jAne kI AvazyakatA hotI hai vaisI AvazyakatA aba saMskRta ko nahIM thI, kyoMki bhASA kA svarUpa nizcita ho gayA thaa| dhvani, zabdarUpa tathA vAkyaracanA--ina tattvoM meM sthiratA A gayI thii| nayI jAtiyoM tathA sabhyatAoM ke saMparka se athavA jJAna-vijJAna ke vikAsa se saMskRta bhASA ke zabdakoza meM vRddhi kA avakAza avazya thaa| ye naye zabda yadi saMskRta ke prakRti-pratyaya ke AdhAra para bane hoM taba to koI bAta hI nahIM, kintu yadi saMskRtetara mUla ke bhI rahe hoM to bhI unakA 'saMskRtIkaraNa' ho gayA-saMskRta-bhASA kA rUpa unheM grahaNa karanA par3A, saMskRta unheM pacA gyii| aise samaya meM bhASA ke prayoga-pakSa (bahiraMga ) kI apekSA usake arthapakSa yA dArzanika pakSa ( aMtaraMga ) ke cintana kA bhI sAtha-hI-sAtha krama claa| sphoTAyana tathA vyADi kI paramparA meM pataMjali the, jinhoMne zabda kI nityatA tathA abhivyaMgyatA para vicAra karake dravya, guNa, kriyA, dika, jAti, kAla ityAdi dArzanika tattvoM kA bhI yathAvasara nirUpaNa kiyA / kAraka-viSayaka tattva-cintana meM bhI unakA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai, jisakA nirdeza hama vibhinna prakaraNoM meM kreNge| bhartRhari ke vAkyapadIya meM kAraka-vicAra _ upalabdha granthoM ke rUpa meM mahAbhASya ke anantara dvividha sAhitya vyAkaraNazAstra meM milatA hai| eka to vaha, jisameM bhASA ke bahiraMga kA vizleSaNa huA hai, dUsarA vaha, jo isake antaraMga se sambaddha hai| prathama koTi ke sAhitya meM aSTAdhyAyI kI vRttiyoM tathA prakriyA-granthoM kI paramparA hai to dUsarI koTi meM vAkyapadIya Adi dArzanika grantha Ate haiM / saMkhyA kI dRSTi se prathama prakAra ke grantha hI adhika haiN| dUsare prakAra ke granthoM meM vAkyapadIya kA sthAna pANinitantra meM bahuta abhyahita hai / isake lekhaka bhartRhari haiM, jinhoMne bhASya para dIpikA-vyAkhyA ke atirikta vAkyapadIya ke prathama do kANDoM para svopajJavRtti bhI likhI thii| inakA AvirbhAva-kAla aneka vivAdoM se paripUrNa hai / yudhiSThira mImAMsaka inheM 400 vi0 se pUrva mAnate haiN| bhartRhari mahAbhASya ke anantara tathA kAzikA ke pUrva haiM, kyoMki jayAditya ( 650 I0) ne kAzikA ( 4 / 3 / 88 ) meM vAkyapadIya kA ullekha kiyA hai| isa prakAra prAyaH ATha zatAbdiyoM ke antarAla meM bhartRhari kI pUrvottarakAla-sImAe~ haiM / diGnAga (480-540 I0 ) ne apanI kAlya-parIkSA ( zloka 31-2 ) meM bhartRhari kI svopajJa-TIkA ( 1 / 1 ) kI do kArikAoM kA uddharaNa diyA hai| isase niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki bhartRhari diGnAga ke varIya samasAmayika hoMge2 / yogasUtra ( 3 / 17 ) 1. saM0 vyA0 zA0 iti0 1, pR0 338 / 2. vAkyapadIya, saM0 abhyaMkara-limaye, pUnA 1965, pR0 352 /

Page #30
saMskRta - vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana ke vyAsabhASya meM bhI vAkyapadIya ( 2 / 40 ) kI dhvani hone se vyAsa ( 400-500 I0 ) ke pUrvavartI bhartRhari siddha hote haiM / ina pramANoM ke AdhAra para 400 I0 ke nikaTa bhartRhari kA AvirbhAva-kAla mAnA jA sakatA hai| ye brAhmaNa- matAvalambI tathA vasurAta ke ziSya the / 10 inakI mahAbhASya-dIpikA kA ekamAtra hastalekha 1 / 1 / 55 sUtra taka prApta huA hai, jo barlina ke pustakAlaya meM haiM / bhartRhari ne sambhavataH prathama tIna pAdoM para bhASya kI vyAkhyA likhI thI, jisake uddharaNa yatra-tatra milate haiM / kintu yudhiSThira mImAMsaka ne svayaM bhartRhari ke tathA anya vidvAnoM ke vacanoM se yaha pramANita kiyA hai ki Age bhI bhASya-dIpikA likhI gayI thI / bhartRhari ke vAkyapadIya ne inheM dArzanikoM kI paMkti meM pratiSThita kiyA / apane guru vasurAta dvArA upadiSTa vyAkaraNAgama ke AdhAra para unhoMne ise likhA thA / isameM tIna kANDa haiM - brahma ( Agama ) kANDa, vAkyakANDa tathA pada ( prakIrNa ) kANDa | vAkya tathA pada kA mukhya rUpa se vicAra karane ke kAraNa ise ukta nAma diyA gayA / yaha pUrA grantha anuSTup chanda meM hai / isake prathama evaM dvitIya kANDoM meM kramazaH 156 tathA 487 kArikAe~ haiM / ina donoM kANDoM para bhartRhari kI svopajJavRtti bhI hai / prathama kANDa para vRSabhadeva kI bhI vyAkhyA hai, jisakA prakAzana paM0 cArudeva zAstrI ne kiyA thA / prathama do kANDoM para puNyarAja kI anativistIrNa kintu spaSTa vyAkhyA prApta hai / sambhavataH helArAja ne bhI prathama donoM kANDoM kI vyAkhyA likhI thI, 4 kintu isa samaya vaha upalabdha nahIM hai / helArAja tathA puNyarAja donoM samasAmayika the ( kAla 1050 I0 ) / ho sakatA hai ki ye eka hI vaMza ke hoM tathA donoM ne apanA kArya-vibhAga karake vyAkhyA likhI ho / vAkyapadIya kA tRtIya kANDa aneka viSayoM kA vicAra karatA hai tathA viSayoM ke AdhAra para hI samuddezoM meM vibhakta hai / ye samuddeza nimna haiM - 1. jAtisamuddeza ( zloka 106 ) / 2. dravyasamuddeza ( 18 ) / 3. sambandhasamuddeza ( 88 ) / 4. bhUyodravyasamuddeza ( 3 ) / 5. guNasamuddeza ( 9 ) / 6. diksamuddeza ( 28 ) / 7. sAdhanasamuddeza ( 167 ) / 8. kriyAsamuddeza ( 64 ) / 9. kAlasamuddeza ( 114 ) / 1. P. V. Kane, History of Dharmashastra, Vol. V part II, P. XIII. 2. saM0 vyA0 zA 0 iti0 1 / 354 | 3. paM0 raghunAtha zarmA kI saMskRta vyAkhyA ( ambAkartrI ) ke sAtha sampUrNa vAkyapadIya 4 khaNDoM meM vArANaseya saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya se prakAzita hai / 4. tRtIya kANDa kI prakAza - vyAkhyA kA maMgalazloka 'kANDadvaye yathAvRtti siddhAntArthasatattvataH / prabandho vihito'smAbhirAgamArthAnusAribhiH' //

Page #31
kAraka-viSayaka bhAratIya cintana kA itihAsa 10. puruSasamuddeza (9) / 11. saMkhyAsamuddeza ( 32 ) / 12. upagraha( Atmanepadaparasmepada )samuddeza ( 27 ) / 13. liGgasamuddeza ( 31) / 14. vRttisamuddeza ( 627 ) / nAma se hI ina samuddezoM kI viSaya-vastu spaSTa hai| isa pUre tRtIya kANDa para helArAja kI suvistRta vyAkhyA hai, jo kaI sthAnoM para bhartRhari se matabheda rakhane para bhI vAkyapadIya ko samajhane meM atyupayogI hai| helArAja bahudhA bhartRhari ke tAtparya-prakAzana meM aneka granthoM ke pramANa dete haiN| ____ ina samuddezoM meM saptama sAdhanasamuddeza hai, jisameM bhartRhari ke kAraka-viSayaka vicAra prakaTa hue haiM / bhartRhari kAraka ko zakti yA sAdhana mAnate haiM, isalie ise sAdhanasamudeza kahate haiM / prastuta adhyayana ke krama meM isakI prAsaMgikatA hone ke kAraNa isakI viSayavastu kA nirUpaNa anivArya hai| isake Arambha meM kAraka ( sAdhana ) kA lakSaNa dekara vivakSA kI vyApakatA, zakti kA vizleSaNa, vibhaktiyoM kI saMkhyA ityAdi viSayoM kA 44 kArikAoM meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| tadanantara vibhinna kArakoM ke adhikAra calate haiM / pratyeka kAraka kA lakSaNa tathA bheda samyak nirUpita hai| kArakoM ke vivecana kA krama isa prakAra hai-1. karma ( 45-89), jisake prasaMga meM sakarmaka tathA akarmaka dhAtuoM kA bhI saMkSipta vicAra huA hai, 2. karaNa ( 90-100 ), 3. kartA ( 101-124 ), 4, hetu ( 125-8 ), 5. sampradAna ( 129-35 ), 6. apAdAna ( 136-47 ), 7. adhikaraNa ( 148-55 ) / anta meM zeSAdhikAra ( 156-62) tathA sambodhanAdi kA saMkSipta vicAra ( 164-7 ) kiyA gayA hai| sarvaprathama vAkyapadIya meM hI kAraka-tattvacintana ko dArzanika raMga milA hai| pANinIya darzana ke samasta paravartI vicAroM kA upajIvya yahI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki mAdhavAcArya ne sarvadarzanasaMgraha meM pANini-darzana kA vivecana karate hue vAkyapadIya ke hI uddharaNoM ko pramANa-rUpa se upanyasta kiyA hai / kAzikAvRtti ___ aSTAdhyAyI kI prAyaH 45 vRttiyoM ke ullekha milate haiM / inameM vAmana-jayAditya ke dvArA racita kAzikA ( 650 I0 ), zaraNadeva ( 1170 I0 ) kI durghaTavRtti, bhaTTojidIkSita (1580 I0) kA zabdakaustubha, annambhaTTa (1600 I0) kI pANinIyamitAkSarA, appayadIkSita ( 1600 I0 ) kA abhI taka aprakAzita 'sUtra-prakAza' tathA vizvezvarasUri-viracita ( 1600 I0 ) vyAkaraNa-siddhAntasudhAnidhi prasiddha tathA prApya vRttiyA~ haiN| inameM kAzikAvRtti sabase mahattvapUrNa hai, kyoMki sampUrNa aSTAdhyAyI para prAcInatama prApya vRtti hai| prataJjali ne jo vyAkhyAna kA lakSaNa kiyA hai usake anusAra 1. yudhiSThira mImAMsaka, saM0 vyA0 zA0 iti0, 11401-462 / 2. 'na kevalaM carcApadAni vyAkhyAnam-vRddhiH, At, aic iti / kiM tahi ? udAharaNaM, pratyudAharaNaM, vAkyAdhyAhAra ityetatsamuditaM vyAkhyAnaM bhvti'|-bhaassy 1 / 1 / 1

Page #32
saMskRta vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana udAharaNa, pratyudAharaNa tathA sUtroM se vAkya banAkara pUrA artha dene kA krama kAzikA meM bahuta acchI taraha se prakaTa huA hai / atyanta praur3hatA se kAzikA ke lekhakoM ne isameM pratyeka sUtra kI anuvRtti, vRtti, udAharaNa tathA pratyudAharaNa zaMkA-samAdhAna kA nirdeza karate hue dikhalAyA hai / candragomI ke dvArA cAndravyAkaraNa meM uThAyI gayI zaMkAoM kI bhI katipaya sthaloM para isameM vivecanA kI gayI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki bhASya meM anukta viSayoM kA bhI isameM pratipAdana huA hai / gaNapATha kA samAveza bhI kAzikA kI apanI vizeSatA hai / bhASya meM vivecita, bhASA ke bahiraMga-pakSa se sambaddha, atyanta upayogI vArtikoM ko bhI kAzikA meM sthAna milA hai tathA unakI sUtravat vRtti nahIM dene para bhI udAharaNa - pratyudAharaNa se unheM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / kula milAkara kAzikA meM samasta upayogI tathA sAmAnyatayA jJAtavya viSayoM kA saMkalana hai / 12 1 kAzikA do lekhakoM kI saMyukta kRti hai / ye haiM - jayAditya tathA vAmana / kAzikA kI zailI tathA prAcIna granthakAroM ke uddharaNoM ke AdhAra para vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai| ki prathama pA~ca adhyAyoM para jayAditya ne tathA antima tIna adhyAyoM para vAmana ne vRtti likhI thI / ina donoM kA samaya anumAnataH 650 I0 hai, kyoMki itsiMga ke nirdezAnusAra 661 I0 meM jayAditya kI mRtyu huI thI / isake atirikta jayAditya ne kAzikA ( 1 / 3 / 23 ) meM kirAtArjunIya ( 3 / 14 ) kA eka zlokAMza uddhRta kiyA hai - 'saMzayya karNAviSu tiSThate yaH' / bhAravi kA kAla ( prAya: 500 I0 ) kAzikA kI pUrva kAlasImA hai / kAzikA kI do suprasiddha vyAkhyAe~ haiM - jinendra buddhi-kRta nyAsa ( yA kAzikAvivaraNapaJjikA) tathA haravatta-kRta padamaJjarI / jinendrabuddhi bauddhAcArya the, jinakA samaya kAzikA ke samIpa hI hai / nyAsa ke prathama sampAdaka zrIzacandra cakravartI ne isakA samaya 725-750 I0 mAnA hai / inakI zailI atyanta sarala to hai hI, kAzikA ke pratyeka zabda kI AvRtti karane ke kAraNa kAzikA ke pATha - nirUpaNa meM bhI isakA bar3A mahattva hai / haradatta kI padamaJjarI nyAsa kI apekSA adhika praur3ha hai / yaha kaiyaTa ke bhASya-pradIpa ke AdhAra para nirmita hai / haradatta kA kAla prAyaH 1050 I0 hai / svakathanAnusAra ye dravir3a pradeza ke nivAsI the / vyAkaraNa ke atirikta kalpasUtroM para bhI inhoMne vyAkhyA likhI thI / inakA svAbhimAna kaI sthAnoM para prakaTa huA hai / kAzI se kAzikA ke sAtha-sAtha nyAsa-padamaJjarI donoM TIkAoM kA prakAzana adhyAyaza: alaga-alaga khaNDoM meM huA hai / mahAbhASya kI vyAkhyAoM meM samagrarUpa se upalabdha sarvaprathama vyAkhyA kaiTa 1. ' evaM prakaTito'smAbhirbhASye paricayaH para / tasya niHzeSato manye pratipattApi durlabhaH // 'prakriyA tarka gahana praviSTo hRSTamAnasaH / haradattahariH svairaM viharan kena vAryate ' // --- 11113 ke anta meM - 91914 meM

Page #33
kAraka - viSayaka bhAratIya cintana kA itihAsa 13 ke viracita 'pradIpa' hai / pradIpa kI puSpikAoM anusAra kaiyaTa ke pitA kA nAma jaiyaTa thA / ye kAzmIra ke nivAsI the / haradatta ne padamaJjarI - vyAkhyA meM inakA bahuza: anukaraNa kiyA hai / isase inakA samaya prAyaH 1000 I0 siddha hotA hai / mahAbhASyapradIpa atyanta prauDha tathA vistIrNa vyAkhyA hai / kaiyaTa ke anusAra yaha bhartRharinirmita setu para Azrita hai ( tathApi haribaddhena sAreNa granthasetunA ) / kintu unhoMne pradIpa meM 'dIpikA' kA eka hI sthAna para saMketa kiyA hai ki vyAkaraNa kA UharUpa prayojana bhartRhari ne savistara pradarzita kiyA hai / vAkyapadIya ke zatAdhika uddharaNa kaiTa ne diye haiM, ataH granthasetu se unakA tAtparya vAkyapadIya se hI pratIta hotA hai / mahAbhASya ke samyak bodha ke lie kaiyaTa kA pradIpa samprati ekamAtra sAdhana hai, jisameM aneka upapattiyoM se bhAvya ke gambhIrAzaya ko prakaTa kiyA gayA hai / pradIpa ke atirikta bhI bhASya kI prAyaH 20 vyAkhyAoM kI sUcanA milatI hai, jinameM kucha kI aMzata: upalabdhi bhI huI hai / pradIpa para bhI prAyaH 15 vyAkhyAoM kA patA lagatA hai, jinameM annambhaTTa tathA nAgeza kI TIkAe~ ati prasiddha haiM / inakA vivecana hama Age kareMge / baMgAla meM pANinIya vyAkaraNa 1 pANini se arvAcIna dUsare sampradAyoM ke AvirbhAva ke pUrva baMgAla meM pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke adhyayana kI sudRr3ha paramparA thI / kAzikA tathA usa para likhI gayI paMjikA (nyAsa ) kA pracAra pUre pradeza meM thA / inhIM ko upajIvya mAnakara vahA~ aneka grantha likhe gaye / jaise- bhAgavRtti ( 850 I0, aprApya ), maitreya rakSita ( 10751125 I0 ) ke dhAtupradIpa tathA tantrapradIpa ( nyAsa kI TIkA ) ityAdi2 / isI paramparA meM puruSottamadeva kA AvirbhAva mahattvapUrNa hai, jinhoMne bhASAvRtti ke dvArA advitIya kIrti pAyI / yaha saMkSipta aSTAdhyAyI kI TIkA hai / isakA adhyayana baMgAla meM abhI taka hotA hai / isake atirikta inhoMne paribhASAvRtti, jJApakasamuccaya, kArakacakra tathA mahAbhASya kI ( adhUrI ) TIkA bhI likhI thii| kArakacakra atyanta sarala bhASA meM likhI huI pustaka hai / ina kRtiyoM kA prakAzana vArendra risarca sosAyaTI kI ora se rAjazAhI ( aba bAMglA deza meM ) se huA thA / puruSottama kA samaya dIneza - candra bhaTTAcArya ke anusAra prAyaH 1170 I0 hai, kyoMki inhoMne maitreyarakSita kA uddharaNa diyA hai tathA svayaM amarakoza ke eka TIkAkAra subhUticandra ( 1175 I0 ) ke dvArA uddhRta haiM / zaraNadeva ( 1200 I0 ) kI durghaTavRtti bhI baMgAla kI hI dena hai / ye suprasiddha mahArAja lakSmaNasena ke sabhAsad the 1 1. yudhiSThira mImAMsaka, saM0 vyA0 zA0 iti0, 1366 / 2. draSTavya - paribhASAvRtti, jJApakasamuccaya, kArakacakra ( saM0 - dInezacandra bhaTTAcArya ) - vArendra risarca myUjiyama, rAjazAhI 1946 / bhUmikA - pu0 5-36 / 3 saM0

Page #34
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana prakriyA-granthoM kA udbhava tathA vikAsa prakriyA-granthasvarUpa AMzika rUpa se vyAkaraNa par3hanevAle vidyArthiyoM ke adhyayana-krama ko dhyAna meM rakhakara prakriyA-granthoM kA Arambha saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM huaa| isI praNAlI ke anusAra samasta vyAkaraNa ko prakaraNoM meM vibhakta kiyA gyaa| yathA-sandhi, subanta, tiGanta, kAraka, samAsa, kRdanta, taddhita ityaadi| inameM kisI bhI eka yA tadadhika prakaraNa ke adhyayana se utane viSaya kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| aSTAdhyAyI-prabhRti 'yathAzAstra' praNAlI meM prakaraNa-vibhAga na hokara adhikaraNa-vibhAga huA hai, jisase sampUrNa grantha ke adhyayana kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| kisI eka aMza ke adhyayana se kisI bhI prakaraNa kA jJAna nahIM hotaa| udAharaNArtha kAraka tathA vibhakti ke vicAra aSTAdhyAyI meM vibhinna adhyAyoM meM hue haiM, kintu prakriyA-granthoM meM prakaraNa kA nAma 'vibhaktyartha' yA 'kAraka-prakaraNa' rakhakara donoM ko samAviSTa kara liyA gayA hai| AMzika adhyayana ke lie prakriyA-praNAlI bhale hI upayukta ho, kintu jahA~ bhASA ke sabhI aMgoM ke jJAna kA prazna ho vahA~ 'yathAzAstra-praNAlI' paramopayogI hai| ___ vyAkaraNa ke adhyayana meM alpakAla lagAkara zAstrAntara meM praviSTa honevAle yA zIghra gRhasthAzrama meM jAnevAle logoM meM prakriyA-granthoM kA bahuta pracAra huA, kyoMki ve vyAkaraNa ke atyanta Avazyaka bhAgoM ko par3hakara hI saMskRta samajhane tathA bolane kI sAdhAraNa yogyatA pA jAne se kAryAntara meM laga jAte the| vyAkaraNa meM kauna-kauna Avazyaka bhAga haiM, inakA nirNaya karane meM prakriyA-granthakAroM ne apanI samasta buddhi lagAyI tathA isake pariNAmasvarUpa anekAneka saMkSipta grantha vyAkaraNa ke kSetra meM aaye| eka ra aSTAdhyAyI ke sabhI sUtroM kA upayoga karanevAlI siddhAntakaumudI likhI gayI to dUsarI ora kevala 700 sUtroM meM samApta honevAlI sArasiddhAntakaumudI bhI prakAzita huii| prakriyA-granthoM kA preraNA-srota zarvavarmA kA kAtantravyAkaraNa hai, jo pataJjali ke AvirbhAva-kAla ke turaMta hI bAda dakSiNa meM pracArita huA thaa| isakA atyadhika pracAra dekhakara pANinitantra meM bhI aSTAdhyAyI ke sUtroM kA Azraya lekara prakriyA-granthoM kI racanA Arambha huii| rUpAvatAra pANinitantra kA prathama prakriyA-grantha dharmakIrti ( 1080 I0 ) kA rUpAvatAra hai, jisameM aSTAdhyAyI ke pratyeka prakaraNa ke upayogI sUtroM kI zabda-sAdhutva kI dRSTi se vyAkhyA kI gayI hai / aSTAdhyAyI ke 2664 sUtra isameM Aye haiM / isake do bhAga haiM / prathama bhAga meM saMjJA, saMhitA, subanta, avyaya, strIpratyaya, kAraka, samAsa tathA taddhita ke prakaraNa haiM / dvitIya bhAga meM dasa lakAroM, dasa prakriyAoM tathA kRdanta kA nirUpaNa hai / zaraNadeva ne durghaTavRtti meM ( racanAkAla 1173 I0 ) dharmakIrti tathA rUpAvatAra 1. paM0 brahmadatta jijJAsu dvArA sampAdita kAzikA kA upodghAta, pR0 8 /

Page #35
kAraka-viSayaka bhAratIya cintana kA itihAsa donoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| isI prakAra hemacandra ne ( 1088-1172 I0 ) apane liGgAnuzAsana kI svopajJavRtti meM donoM ke nAma liye haiN| dUsarI ora dharmakIrti ne rUpAvatAra meM padamaJjarIkAra haradatta ( 1050 I0 ) kA nAma liyA hai| ataH rUpAvatAra kA racanAkAla donoM sImAoM ke madhya 1080 I0 meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| dharmakIrti bauddha bhikSu the / rUpamAlA prakriyA-krama meM dUsarA upalabdha grantha vimala sarasvatI ( 1340 I0 ) kI rUpamAlA hai, jisameM 17 prakaraNoM meM viSaya-vibhAga kiyA gayA hai| isake 11veM prakaraNa meM kAraka kA vivecana hai / prakriyAkaumudI rAmacandra ne prakriyAkaumudI likhI, jisameM svaravaidika-prakaraNa milAkara 2470 sUtroM kI apekSAkRta vistRta vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| yahI grantha siddhAntakaumudI kA Adarza hai, aisA pratIta hotA hai / rAmacandra ke kathanAnusAra yaha prakriyAkaumudI pANinizAstra meM praveza karAne ke lie likhI gayI thI, sAdhya ke rUpa meM nhiiN| zabdoM kA sAdhutva-jJAna karAnA isakA mukhya prayojana hai| rAmacandra suprasiddha zeSavaMza meM utpanna hue the| isa vaMza se sambandha rakhanevAloM ne aneka vyAkaraNa-grantha likhe| rAmacandra ke pautra viTThala ne prakriyAkaumudI kI 'prasAda' nAmaka TIkA likhI thI, jisakA prAcInatama hastalekha ( landana ke iNDiyA oNphisa meM surakSita ) saM0 1536 vi0 arthAt 1479 I0 kA hai| isake AdhAra para viTThala kA * samaya 1470 I0 tathA rAmacandra kA isase kucha pUrva prAyaH 1420 I0 mAnA jA sakatA hai| viTThala ke atirikta zeSakRSNa ne bhI prakriyAkaumudI kI 'prakAza' nAma se eka vyAkhyA likhI thii| isakI pANDulipi kA samaya 1457 I0 ( 1514 vi0 ) hai| isa AdhAra para isa TIkA kA samaya 1450 I0 ho sakatA hai| bhaTTojidIkSita zeSakRSNa ke hI ziSya the| anumAna hotA hai ki zeSakRSNa ne ukta TIkA apane yauvana kAla meM likhI thI tathA bhaTToji inake antima kAla ke chAtra rahe hoNge| prakriyAkaumudIkAra rAmacandra viTThala ke pitAmaha tathA zeSakRSNa ke pitRvya the / zeSakRSNa ke putra vIrezvara ke tIna prasiddha ziSya hue-viTThala ( prasAda-vyAkhyAkAra ), paNDitarAja jagannAtha tathA cakrapANidatta / inhoMne vibhinna vidyA-kSetroM meM yaza paayaa| bhaTTojidIkSita ke grantha pANinitantra meM bhaTrojidIkSita kA udaya eka viziSTa mahattva rakhatA hai, kyoMki inhoMne apanI bahumukhI pratibhA tathA prakhara AlocanA-zakti kA paricaya dete hue aneka grantha likhe / uparyukta hastalipiyoM ke AdhAra para inakA samaya 1490-1580 I0 ke 1. saM0 vyA0 zA0 iti0 1; pR0 378 para diyA gayA vaMzavRkSa /

Page #36
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana bIca sthira hotA hai| paNDitarAja jagannAtha kI 'manoramA-kucardinI' TIkA ke anusAra dIkSita ne zeSakRSNa se bahuta dinoM taka vidyAbhyAsa kiyA thA, kintu unakA dehAnta ho jAne para unake prakriyA-prakAza kI nindA manoramA meM kI thI, jisake khaNDanArtha jagannAtha ne ukta kucadinI likhI thii| manoramA kA khaNDana svayaM vIrezvara ( zeSakRSNa ke putra ) ne to kiyA hI thA; cakrapANidatta se bhI yahI kAma karAkara pitR-RNa kA vidhivat zodha kiyaa| pratIta hotA hai ki bhaTTojidIkSita ugra tathA asahiSNu svabhAva ke vidvAn the / dIkSita kA vaMzavRkSa isa prakAra hai lakSmIdhara raGgojibhaTTa bhaTTojidIkSita koNDabhaTTa bhAnujidIkSita vIrezvara haridIkSita raGgojibhaTTa bhaTTojidIkSita ke anuja the| ye loga mahArASTra ke mUla nivAsI the, kintu vidyAprasaMga se kAzI meM basa gaye the| bhaTrojidIkSita 34 granthoM ke lekhaka mAne gaye haiM, kintu inake suvidita grantha nimnalikhita haiM 1) zabdakaustubha-yaha grantha aSTAdhyAyI kI vizada vRtti hai jisameM pataJjali, kaiyaTa thA haradatta ke vicAroM kA dIkSita ne apane zabdoM meM sAra-saMgraha kiyA hai / yaha vRtti ambha meM adhika vistRta hai, kintu kramazaH choTI hotI gayI hai / isa samaya yaha sampUrNa upalabdha nahIM hotI-Arambha ke 23 adhyAya tathA caturtha adhyAya hI prApta 1. tulanIya(ka) 'munitrayaM namaskRtya taduktI: paribhAvya c'| (si0 kau0, maMgala ) (kha) 'vRttikAroktiH praamaadikii'| (si0 ko0, vaidikaprakaraNa ) (ga) prauDhamanoramA, pR0 14-15- 'yadapyupadizyate'neneti karaNavyutpattyA zAstramupadezaH iti bhASyavRttyAdiSu vyAkhyAtaM, tathApi tatprauDhivAdamAtram / karaNe ghano durlbhtvaat| (gha) manoramAkucardinI, maMgalazloka ___'paNDitendro jagannAtha: syati garva gurugRhAm' / 2. vedabhASyasAra ( bhaTTojidIkSitakRta ), bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, aMgrejI bhUmikA, pR0 1 tti.3|

Page #37
ka-viSayaka bhAratIya cintana kA itihAsa kAraka - 17 hue haiM jo kAzI se prakAzita haiM / isa grantha meM pUrvAcAryoM kA saMgraha hone para bhI dIkSita kA pANDitya - prakarSa jhalakatA hai / kaI sthaloM para vivecana ke lie inhoMne navyanyAya kI zabdAvalI kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai, jo pANinitantra meM pahalI bAra huA hai / zabdakaustubha ke prathama pAda para nAgeza, vaidyanAtha, kRSNamitra Adi chaha vidvAnoM ne apanIapanI TIkAe~ likhI thIM- aisA oNphekTa ke sUcIpatra se jJAta hotA hai, kintu inameM abhI koI bhI upalabdha nahIM hai / paNDitarAja jagannAtha ne isa grantha kA bhI khaNDana kiyA thA / ( 2 ) siddhAntakaumudI - 3978 sUtroM kI vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM yaha sarvajJAta prakriyA -grantha hai / isameM pUrvArdha tathA uttarArdha do khaNDa haiM / pUrvArdha meM saMjJA evaM sandhi ke atirikta saMjJAzabda tathA usase sambaddha viSayoM kA ( zabdarUpa, strI-pratyaya, kAraka, samAsa tathA taddhita ) vicAra hai / sabhI prakriyA- granthoM ke samAna isameM bhI kAraka tathA vibhakti kA eka sAtha nirUpaNa huA hai, jise kucha saMskaraNoM meM kAraka - prakaraNa tathA kucha meM vibhaktyartha - prakaraNa kahA gayA hai / pichalA nAma sarvathA ucita hai / uttarArdha meM tiGanta tathA dhAtu-viSayaka prakriyAoM kA vivecana hai / anta meM aSTAdhyAyI ke sUtroM meM nirUpita vaidikIprakriyA tathA svaraprakriyA kA vizada vicAra hai / kRdanta prakaraNa ke bIca meM samasta uNAdisUtra tathA svara ke vicAra meM phiTsUtroM kA saMgraha siddhAntakaumudI kI vizeSatA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa grantha kI racanA se dIkSita ko santoSa nahIM thA, kyoMki uttarakRdanta ke anta meM inhoMne kahA hai 'itthaM laukikazabdAnAM diGmAtramiha darzitam / vistarastu yathAzAstraM vazitaH zabdakaustubhe ' // tathApi siddhAntakaumudI kA itanA adhika pracAra huA ki isake dvArA aSTAdhyAyI hI utkhAtaprAya ho gayI / Aja bhAratavarSa ke sabhI vizvavidyAlayoM meM isI kA prAdhAnya hai / (3) prauDhamanoramA - siddhAntakaumudI kI prathama vyAkhyA dIkSita ne hI prauDhamanoramA ke nAma se likhI / isameM unakA prakRSTa, pANDitya prakaTa huA hai / zabdakaustubha ke samAna isameM bhI sthAna-sthAna para saMskRta-sAhitya meM Agata katipaya cintya prayogoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai / prAcIna AcAryoM kA vizeSatayA prakriyAkaumudI 1. kucamardinI, adhikaM kaustubhakhaNDanAdava seyam ( pR0 21) / aNuditsUtragata - kaustubhakhaNDanAvasare vyaktamupapAdayiSyAmaH ( pR0 2 ) / 2. si0 kau0 ke TIkAkAra - jJAnendrasarasvatI ( 1640 I0 ; tattvabodhinI ), vAsudevadIkSita ( 1660 I0; bAlamanoramA ), nAgeza ( 1700 I0; zabdenduzekhara ), nIlakaNTha ( 1660 I0; vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntarahasya ), rAmakRSNa ( 1670 I0 ; vaiyAkaraNasiddhAnta ratnAkara ), kRSNamauni ( 1700 I0; subodhinI ) ityAdi / oNphrekTa ne kula 21 TIkAoM kI sUcI prastuta kI hai

Page #38
18 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana tathA usakI TIkAoM kA isameM ekAdhika vAra khaNDana huA hai| bhaTTojidIkSita kA vizeSa dhyAna 'yathottaraM munInAM prAmANyam' kI upapatti para hai| ye prAcIna granthakAroM ke viparIta anya vaiyAkaraNoM ke matoM kA tulanA ke lie kahIM ullekha nahIM krte| phalasvarUpa tulanAtmaka jJAna kI apekSA khaNDanAtmaka jJAna hI dIkSita ke pAThakoM ko adhika prApta hotA hai| yahI prakriyA inake anuvartI granthakAroM meM bhI hai, jo sabhI kA khaNDana karake apane siddhAnta kI sthApanA karate haiN| kaI matoM kI samAnAntara pravRtti ke rUpa meM vikalpa nahIM chor3ate / prauDhamanoramA para haridIkSita ne vRhacchabdaratna tathA laghuzabdaratna nAmaka do vyAkhyAe~ likhI thIM / prasiddhi hai ki haridIkSita ke ziSya nAgeza ne pichalI TIkA svayaM likha kara guru ke nAma se prasiddha kI thI, kintu isakA koI pramANa nahIM hai| isa laghuzabdaratna para Adhunika kAla meM likhI gayI 'jyotsnA' nAma kI suprasiddha vyAkhyA hai| prauDhamanoramA kA khaNDana dIkSita ke guruvaMza se hI sambaddha tIna vidvAnoM; yathA-- vIrezvara ke putra, cakrapANidatta tathA paNDitarAja jagannAtha ne kiyA thaa| inameM preraNA denevAle vIrezvara hI the / cakrapANidatta ke khaNDana kA ullekha zabdaratna meM huA hai / jagannAtha kRta khaNDana ( kucadinI ) kA kevala paJcasandhiparyanta bhAga prApta huA hai, jo prakAzita hai / isake Arambha meM vIrezvara ke putra ke dvArA manoramA-khaNDana kI carcA huI hai| jagannAtha rasagaMgAdhara, bhAminIvilAsa, gaMgAlaharI ityAdi kAvyazAstrIya lakSya-lakSaNa granthoM ke lekhaka ke rUpa meM ati prasiddha haiN| (4) vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntakArikA-74 anuSTupa zlokoM meM vAkyapadIya ke DhaMga para likhI gayI isa pustikA meM dIkSita ne sUtrAtmaka saMkSiptatA ke sAtha dhAtvartha, lakArArtha, subartha, nAmArtha, samAsazakti, zakti, natrartha, nipAtArtha, bhAvapratyayArtha, devatApratyayArtha, ekatvasaMkhyA, saMkhyAvivakSA, avyayapratyayArtha tathA sphoTa kA nirNaya kiyA hai| cUMki inhIM kI vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM kauNDabhaTTa ne vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa nAmaka grantha likhA hai, isalie ina kArikAoM ko 'bhUSaNakArikA' bhI kahA jAtA hai| sup-vibhaktiyoM ke 'viSaya meM dIkSita ne ekamAtra kArikA dI hai-- 'Azrayo'vadhiruddezyaH sambandhaH zaktireva vaa| yathAyathaM vibhaktyAH supAM karmati bhASyataH' // (kA0 24 ) vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa kauNDabhadra bhaTrojidIkSita ke anuja ke putra the| ataH dIkSita se eka pIr3hI pazcAt 1620 I0 meM vidyamAna rahe hoMge / inhoMne bhI zeSakRSNa ke putra vIrezvara ( dUsarA nAma sarvezvara ) se vidyAdhyayana kiyA thaa| inhoMne kArikAoM para vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa tathA bhUSaNasAra nAma se do vyAkhyA-grantha bRhat tathA laghu saMskaraNoM ke rUpa meM likhe the / bRhad-bhUSaNa meM nyAya tathA mImAMsA ke siddhAntoM kA aneka sthAnoM para ullekha karake khaNDana huA hai| isake viSaya-vivecana ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki

Page #39
kAraka-viSayaka bhAratIya cintana kA itihAsa 19 koNDabhaTTa kI aneka zAstroM meM avyAhata gati thI / siddhAntoM ke viSaya meM bhaTTojidIkSita tathA kauNDabhaTTa ke samAna mata haiM / bhUSaNa meM nirUpita viSayoM se tAtkAlika sUkSmekSikA kA paricaya milatA hai ki kisa prakAra vyAkaraNa-darzana nyAyAdi ke siddhAntoM se saMgharSa karake tattva-vivecana kI carama sImA para pahu~cane kA prayAsa kara rahA thaa| anAvazyaka khaNDana-maNDana vAle vivaraNoM ko chor3akara kauNDabhaTTa ne isa bhUSaNa kA bhUSaNasAra ke nAma se saMkSipta saMskaraNa kiyA thaa| vaiyAkaraNoM meM isakA bahuta adhika pracAra huA tathA alpakAla meM hI isa para aneka TIkAe~ likhI gyiiN| inameM harivallabha kI darpaNa TIkA ( 1740 I0 ), harirAma dIkSita kI kAzikA (samAptikAla saM0 1854 vi0 kI mArgazIrSapUrNimA, somavAra arthAt disambara 1795 I0),2 vaidyanAtha pAyaguNDa ke ziSya mannudeva kI kAnti ( 1800 I0 ), bhairavamizra kI parIkSA ( 1824 I0 ) ityAdi mukhya haiN| Adhunika yuga meM paM0 sabhApati upAdhyAya ne bhI isa para ratnaprabhA-TIkA likhI hai| annambhaTTa annambhaTTa kAzI-nivAsI prasiddha paNDita the, jinakI khyAti 'tarkasaMgraha' ke lekhaka ke rUpa meM bahuta adhika huii| ye mUlataH tailaMga-pradeza ke nivAsI the, kintu kAzI meM vidyAdhyayana ke lie Akara basa gaye the| kRSNamAcArya ke anusAra annambhaTTa bhI zeSavIrezvara ke ziSya the| ataeva inakA samaya bhI 1600-1650 I0 ke nikaTa honA cAhie / inhoMne aSTAdhyAyI para eka sAdhAraNa vRtti 'pANinIya-mitAkSarA' ke 1. vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa kA ekamAtra prakAzana bambaI saMskRta tathA prAkRta granthamAlA ( saM0 70 ) meM 1915 I0 meM kamalAzaMkara prANazaMkara trivedI ke samartha sampAdakatva meM huA thaa| isI ke sAtha grantha meM vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra aura usa para harirAma kAle kI kAzikA TIkA bhI prakAzita hai| anta meM trivedIjI kI AlocanAtmaka tathA vyAkhyAtmaka aMgrejI TippaNI bhI vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa para hai / isakA punarmudraNa Avazyaka hai| 2. uparyukta saMskaraNa meM pR0 608 para 'yugabhUtadigIzAtma( 1854 )sammite vatsare gate / mArgazIrSazuklapakSe paurNamAsyAM vidhodine / rohiNIsthe candramasi vRzcikasthe divAkare / samAptimagamad granthastena tuSyatu naH zivaH' / / 3. vaidyanAtha ke putra bAlazarmA ne mannudeva tathA mahAdeva kI sahAyatA se henarI TaoNmasa kolabuka ( bhArata meM pravAsakAla 1783 I0 se 1815 I0 ) kI AjJA se dharmazAstrasaMgraha likhA thaa| 4. lokokti hai-'kAzIgamanamAtreNa nAnnambhaTTAyate dvijaH / 5. History of Classical Sanskrit Literature, p. 654.

Page #40
saMskRta vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana nAma se likhI thI, jo kAzI se prakAzita hai / inake atirikta bhI kaiyaTa ke pradIpa para inhoMne 'pradIpodyotana' nAmaka TIkA likhI thI, jisakA mAtra prathama pAda hI mudrita hai / vedAnta, mImAMsA tathA nyAya meM bhI annambhaTTa ke grantha prasiddha haiM / vizvezvarasUri 20 vizvezvarasUri ne bhaTTojidIkSita ke zabdakaustubha ke Adarza para aSTAdhyAyI kI eka atyanta vizada vyAkhyA likhI, jisakA nAma ' vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntasudhAnidhi' hai / yaha prathama tIna adhyAyoM para hI upalabdha hai / granthakAra kI mRtyu 32-34 varSa kI avasthA meM ho gayI thI' / vizvezvara ne bhaTTojidIkSita kA isa grantha meM anekazaH ullekha kiyA hai, kintu zabdaratna yA usake lekhaka kI kahIM carcA bhI nahIM kii| isase inheM haridIkSita ke pUrvavartI ( 1600 I0 meM ) mAnanA ucita hai / kRSNamAcArya apane itihAsa ( pR0 766 ) meM inakA samaya 18vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha mAnA hai / vizvezvara ne isa grantha meM apane samaya taka ke sabhI sambaddha vicAroM kA manthana kiyA hai | nyAyazAstrIya siddhAntoM ke khaNDana meM kahIM-kahIM lekhaka ne navyanyAya kI zabdAvalI bhI apanAyI hai / isake prAptAMza kA prakAzana kAzI- saMskRta granthamAlA meM huA hai / nAgezabhaTTa ke grantha zeSavaMza kI ziSya - paramparA meM nAgeza bhaTTa ke rUpa meM eka atyanta pratibhAzAlI vidvAn kA AvirbhAva huaa| jaisA ki Upara kahA jA cukA hai nAgeza bhaTTojidIkSita ke pautra haridIkSita ke ziSya the| inake pitA kA nAma zivabhaTTa tathA mAtA kA satIdevI thA / inakA dUsarA nAma nAgoji bhaTTa bhI thA / inakI koI santAna nahIM thI / inake pradhAna ziSya vaidyanAtha the, jinake putra bAlazarmA ne kolabruka ke AdezAnusAra prAya: 1800 I0 meM dharmazAstrasaMgraha likhA thA / nAgeza isase bahuta pUrva rahe hoNge| eka dUsarI sUcanA 1714 I0 kI hai, jaba jayapura ke mahArAja savAI jayasiMha ne azvamedha yajJa ke saMcAlanArtha inheM bulAyA thA, kintu kAzI meM kSetra- saMnyAsa lene ke kAraNa inhoMne mahArAja kA nimantraNa svIkAra nahIM kiyA thA maJjarI para nAgeza kI TIkA kA eka hastalekha saM0 1769 vi0 / bhAnudatta kI rasa ( 1712 I0 ) kA hai / ina pramANoM ke AdhAra para nAgezabhaTTa kA kAryakAla 1700 se 1750 I0 taka mAnA jA sakatA hai| prayAga ke nikaTavartI zRMgaverapura ke rAjA rAmasiMha se nAgeza kI vRtti milatI thI / 1. saM0 vyA0 zA 0 itihAsa 1, pR0 453 / 2. laghuzabdenduzekhara kA antima zloka - 'zabdenduzekharaH putro maJjUSA caiva kanyakA / svamatau samyagutpAdya zivayorapito mayA // 3. la0 za0 ze0 kA Arambha - 'vaGgaverapurAdhIzAd rAmato labdhajIvikaH' /

Page #41
kAraka-viSayaka bhAratIya cintana kA itihAsa nAgeza sacce arthoM meM 'sarvatantrasvatantra' the, kyoMki vyAkaraNa, sAhitya, dharmazAstra, darzana, jyotiSa ityAdi aneka zAstroM meM inakI apratihata gati thI / pataJjali tathA' bhartahari ke pazcAt vaiyAkaraNoM meM pramANa ke rUpa meM inhIM kA nAma liyA jAtA hai| sambhavataH bahuviSayaka jJAna kI dRSTi se ye bhAratIya vidvAnoM meM apratima haiM / vyAkaraNa meM nAgeza ke nimnalikhita grantha prasiddha haiM (1) zabdenduzekhara- yaha grantha siddhAntakaumudI kI vyAkhyA hai| isake do rUpa prApta hote haiM-( ka ) bRhacchabdenduzekhara-isameM prauDhamanoramA ke DhaMga para atyanta vistArapUrvaka kaumudI kI paMktiyoM kI vivecanA kI gayI hai| isakA ekamAtra saMskaraNa DaoN0 sItArAma zAstrI ke dvArA sampAdita hokara tIna khaNDoM meM vArANaseya saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya se prakAzita huA hai / ( kha ) laghuzabdenduzekhara- isameM saMkSipta rUpa se uparyukta viSayoM kA vicAra prApta huA hai| paNDitoM ke bIca isakA atyadhika pracAra hone se isakI aneka TIkAe~ likhI gayI haiM / ( 2 ) paribhASenduzekhara--mahAbhASya meM AyI huI 133 paribhASAoM kI isameM prakaraNa sahita vivecanA hai / yadyapi pANinitantra meM paribhASA-viSayaka anya bhI kaI grantha haiM, kintu pratipAdana kI sampannatA tathA prauDhi ke kAraNa isakA pracAra sabase adhika hai| isakI aneka TIkAe~ haiM (prAyaH 25 ke ,nAma milate haiM )-vaidyanAtha pAyaguNDa ( bAlambhaTTa ) kI gadA, vizvanAthabhaTTa kI candrikA, brahmAnanda sarasvatI kI citprabhA, bhairava mizra kI bhairavI, rAghavendra kI tripathagA ityaadi| vartamAna zatI meM bhI isa para rAmakRSNa zAstrI ( bhUti ), vAsudeva zAstrI abhyaMkara, jayadeva mizra ( vijayA ) tathA veNImAdhava zukla ( bRhacchAstrArthakalA ) ne TIkAe~ likhI haiM / (3) mahAbhASyapradIpodyota-kaiyaTa kI pradIpa-TIkA para nAgeza ke dvArA likhI gayI yaha atyanta vistRta TIkA hai| isameM pradIpa kA Azaya to samajhAyA hI gayA hai, kahIM-kahIM mUla mahAbhASya kA Azaya bhI prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| mahAbhASya ko samajhane ke lie yaha atyanta upayogI vyAkhyA hai| donoM TIkAoM kA mahAbhASya ke sAtha kaI sthAnoM se prakAzana huA hai| inameM nirNayasAgara-saMskaraNa uttama hai| udyota para vaidyanAtha kI 'chAyA' nAmaka vyAkhyA hai, kintu vaha kevala navAhnika mAtra para (prathama adhyAya prathamapAda-paryanta ) upalabdha hai| ( 4 ) sTophavAda-isameM nAgeza ne tantrazAstra ke AdhAra para sTopharUpa nitya zabda kA pratipAdana atyanta gambhIratA se kiyA hai / isake anta meM lekhaka ne kahA hai 'vaiyAkaraNanAgezaH sphoTAyanaRSermatam / pariSkRtyoktavAMstena prIyatAM jagadIzvaraH // (pR0 102) 1. bRhacchabdenduzekhara kI bhUmikA (pR0 59-60 ) meM inake dvArA vibhinna viSayoM para likhe gaye 56 granthoM ke nAma diye gaye haiN|

Page #42
22 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana isa grantha kA prakAzana abhinava saMskRta vyAkhyA ke sAtha ADayAra ( madrAsa ) se huA hai| (5) maJjUSA-isa grantha meM nAgeza ne sampUrNa vyAkaraNa-darzana kA vAkyapadIya ke samAna vyApakatA se vicAra kiyA hai / isake tIna saMskaraNa svayaM nAgeza ne hI kiye the--gurumaJjUSA, laghumaJjUSA tathA paramalaghumaJjUSA / gurumaJjUSA kI eka hastalipi kAzI ke sarasvatI bhavana pustakAlaya meM hai tathA yaha svayaM nAgeza ke hAtha kI likhI prati batalAyI jAtI hai / laghumaJjUSA kI viSayavastu laghumaJjUSA kA pUrA nAma vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntalaghumaJjUSA hai| isameM nimnalikhita krama se viSayoM kA vivecana huA hai| Arambha meM nitya zabda-rUpa sphoTa kA sAmAnya nirdeza karake zabda-pramANa kI AvazyakatA batalAte hue zakti, lakSaNA tathA vyaJjanA ina tInoM zabdavRttiyoM kA vizada nirUpaNa hai| isI prasaMga meM ukta sphoTa kI abhinava vivecanA bhI sphoTavAda ke AdhAra para kI gayI hai| AkAMkSA, yogyatA, Asatti tathA tAtparya kA vicAra karake nAgeza sabhI zabdoM ke mUlabhUta dhAtu ke artha kA apane mata se paramatoM kA khaNDana karate hue upasthApana karate haiM / tadanantara nipAtArtha ke krama meM iva, naJ tathA eva kA apekSAkRta vistRta vicAra kiyA gayA hai tathA prAsaMgika hone ke kAraNa mImAMsakoM ke dvArA svIkRta parisaMkhyA kA bhI nirUpaNa huA hai / isake anantara tiGartha-vicAra karate hue mImAMsakoM kI mAnyatAoM kA khaNDana kara saMkhyA tathA kAla kA saMkSipta vicAra karake lakArArtha kA vizada vivecana huA hai| isa prasaMga meM vizeSa rUpa se liGartha ke vicAra meM mImAMsakoM ke vizleSaNa kI nAgeza kI vistRta samIkSA kI hai| tadanantara mukhya kRt-pratyayoM ke artha kA vivecana karake nAgeza subanta kI dizA meM abhimukha hote haiN| sarvaprathama prAtipadikArtha kA nirUpaNa karake ye subartha kA vicAra karate haiN| yahIM kAraka kA bhI vivecana hai / kAraka-vivecana meM laghumaJjUSA subartha ko pradhAnatA detI hai, jisake antargata vibhinna kArakoM ko zakti ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA gayA hai| adhyAya ke zIrSaka vibhaktimUlaka haiM, na ki kArakamUlaka / isIlie pratyeka vibhakti ke antargata kAraka tathA upapada donoM vibhaktiyoM kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| kAraka tathA vibhakti ke sabhI udAharaNoM kA prAyaH zAbdabodha dete hue pratyeka zabda kA naiyAyika sUkSmatA se arthanirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / anta meM saMkhyArUpa-vibhaktyartha kA bhI vizleSaNa huA hai| isa prakaraNa ke bAda samAsa tathA ekazeSa vRttiyoM kA sUkSma vivecana karake taddhitArtha tathA vIpsA kA nirUpaNa karate hue nAgeza ne grantha kA upasaMhAra kiyA hai / isa prakAra vyAkaraNa-viSayaka 1. draSTavya-paM0 sabhApati upAdhyAya kI maJjUSA-TIkA ( ratnaprabhA) ke prAkkathana meM paM0 gopInAtha kavirAja dvArA dI gayI sUcanA /

Page #43
kAraka-viSayaka bhAratIya cintana kA itihAsa sabhI samasyAoM kA atyanta pANDityapUrNa gUr3ha vivecana maJjUSA meM upalabdha hai / nyAya tathA mImAMsA ke matoM kA to isameM khaNDana huA hI hai; dIkSita, kauNDabhaTTa Adi 'svavaMzya' vaiyAkaraNoM ke mata bhI isameM nirasta hue haiN| vAstava meM nAgeza ke prakhara pANDityaprakarSa kA prakAzana maJjUSA meM hI hai| laghumaJjUSA para do prAcIna TIkAe~ haiM -eka to vaidyanAtha pAyaguNDa ( bAlambhaTTa ) kI kalA tathA dUsarI durbalAcArya ( kRSNamitra ) kI kunyjikaa| ina donoM TIkAoM ke sAtha sampUrNa laghumaJjUSA kA ekamAtra prakAzana kAzI saMskRta sIrija meM kramazaH 1915 I0 se 1925 I0 ke bIca huaa| Arambhika aMza ( tAtparya-nirUpaNa taka) para paM0 sabhApatijI ne bar3I acchI vyAkhyA likhI thI, jisake kaI saMskaraNa hue haiN| pracAra kI dRSTi se nAgeza kI paramalaghumaJjUSA adhika mahattvapUrNa hai| vyAkaraNa ke arthapakSa ( darzana ) ko lekara itanI choTI pustaka saMskRta meM nahIM likhI gayI, jisase Arambhika jijJAsA kA upazama ho| kaI parIkSAoM meM pAThya hone ke kAraNa isa para Adhunika kAla meM aneka TIkAe~ likhI gayIM, jinameM sadAziva zAstrI kI arthadIpikA, vaMzIdharamizra kI vaMzI ( hindI anuvAda ke sAtha; 1957 I0 ) tathA kAlikAprasAda zukla kI jyotsnA ( 1961 I0 ) pramukha haiN| paramalaghumaJjUSA meM prAyaH laghumaJjUSA kA hI saMkSepa hai / saMkSepa ke prati adhika Agraha hone ke kAraNa kaI sthAnoM para viSaya kA naye DhaMga se nirUpaNa hai / tadanusAra laghumaJjUSA meM vibhakti ke AdhAra para kArakoM kA vivecana hai, kintu paramalaghumaJjUSA arthapakSa meM upayogI kArakamAtra kA vivecana karatI hai; upapada vibhaktiyoM kI isameM carcA bhI nahIM hai| isameM kArakoM ke bAda nAmArtha kA vicAra huA hai, jaba ki laghumaJjUSA meM krama isake ThIka viparIta hai| nAgeza ke sAtha hI padArtha kI maulika mImAMsA samAptaprAya ho jAtI hai, kyoMki inake granthoM meM ukta cintana vivecanA kI carama koTi para AsIna hai / inake bAda ke TIkAkAroM tathA pariSkAroM meM vivecanA ke bAhya-pakSa ( formal side ) kA vizleSaNa adhika huA, maulika viSaya kA nahIM / yaha mAna liyA gayA ki viSaya vivecana antima bindu ( saturation point) para pahuMca cukA hai tathA isase Age jAne kA avakAza aba bahuta kama hai| ina granthoM ko samajhanA hI jIvana kI eka anupama upalabdhi mAnI jAne lgii| anya vyAkaraNa-sampradAya pANini se pUrvavartI vaiyAkaraNoM kA nAmagrAha ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai, kintu sAkalyarUpa se unakA koI bhI grantha upalabdha nahIM hotA / pANini-prabhRti AcAryoM ne yatra-tatra tulanArtha unake matoM kI carcA kI hai / paramparA ke dvArA kucha mAnya vaiyA. karaNoM kA smaraNa atyanta Adara ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai / yahA~ taka ki pANini ke sadRza atyanta vaijJAnika kRtikAra kI gaNanA bhI unake samakSa nahIM hai| pANini ko goSpada jala yA kuzAgra se nikale jalabindu ke samAna mAnA gayA hai

Page #44
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana 'samudravad vyAkaraNaM mahezvare tadardhakumbhoddharaNaM bRhaspatI / tabhAgabhAgAcca zataM purandare kuzAgrabindUtpatitaM hi pANinau' // 1 13vIM zatAbdI ke bopadeva ne 8 AdivaiyAkaraNoM ke nAma diye haiM 'indrazcandraH kAzakRtsnApizalI zAkaTAyanaH / pANinyamarajainendrA jayantyaSTAdizAbdikAH // ( mugdhabodha, maMgalazloka ) isa zloka meM bopadeva svecchAcAra se kAma lete haiM, kyoMki kAtantrakAra zarvavarmA ke nikaTatama RNI rahakara bhI usakA nAma nahIM lete| ve jayAditya tathA vAmana kI azobhana paramparA kI AvRtti karate haiM; jo candragomI ke nikaTa RNI hokara bhI kAzakRtsna-tantra kI carcA karate hue candra kA nAma nahIM lete| isI prakAra vibhinna sampradAyoM kA ullekha karate hue kaI AcArya Arjava kA pradarzana nahIM karate / koI eka ko chor3a dete haiM to koI kisI anya ko| 16 pramukha vaiyAkaraNoM ke sampradAya bhAratavarSa ke vibhinna bhUbhAgoM meM nyUnAdhika rUpa se pracalita hone ke kAraNa ullekhya haiM, kintu inameM katipaya sampradAya lupta ho gaye haiN| jo avaziSTa haiM ve bhI samAptaprAya haiM / inakA saMkSipta vivaraNa Age prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| dasa sampradAyoM kA saMkSipta itihAsa (1) kAtantra-pracAra tathA sAhitya-sampatti kI dRSTi se pANinitantra ke bAda kAtantra kA hI sthAna hai| isI kA dUsarA nAma kAlApa yA kaumAra bhI hai| kAtantra zabda yudhiSThira mImAMsaka ke anusAra kAzakRtsna-tantra kA saMkSipta rUpa hai / isa vyAkaraNa meM aSTAdhyAyI ke AdhAra para sUtroM kI racanA huI hai, kintu unakA kama prakriyA ke anusAra rakhate hue vaidika-prakaraNa ko sarvathA chor3a diyA gayA hai| mUla kAtantra meM tIna adhyAya ( AkhyAta bhAga taka ) the, jinakI racanA sAtavAhana ( prathama zatI I0 pU0 ) ke samakAlika zarvavarmA ne kI thii| isameM saMjJA, sandhi, zabdarUpa, kAraka, samAsa, taddhita tathA tiGanta ( AkhyAta ) prakaraNa haiM / kRdanta ke rUpa meM caturtha adhyAya kI racanA kisI kAtyAyana ne kI thii| isa prakAra pUre vyAkaraNa meM 1412 sUtra haiM tathA inake atirikta pANini-tantra ke samAna aneka vArtika bhI haiN| bhArata meM mukhyataH bihAra, baMgAla tathA gujarAta pradezoM meM kAtantra kA adhika pracAra rahA hai, kintu kisI samaya bhArata se bAhara bhI isakA pracAra thA; kyoMki madhya eziyA se isake kucha bhAga prApta hue haiM / nizcaya hI bauddhoM ke dvArA ye vahA~ pahu~ce hoNge| kAtantra para prAcInatama vRtti durgasiMha kI hai| isane mayUra ke sUryazataka (zloka 2 ) tathA kirAtArjunIya (18) kA uddharaNa diyA hai (kAtantra0 3 / 5 / 45), 1. gurupada hAldAra, vyA0 da0 iti0, pR0 465 para uddhRta / 2. vahI, pR0 436 /

Page #45
kAraka-viSayaka bhAratIya cintana kA itihAsa 25 jisase isakA samaya ina kaviyoM ke bAda honA cAhie / yudhiSThira mImAMsaka' kAzikA ( 7 / 4 / 93 ) meM durgavRtti kA khaNDana dhvanita mAnate haiN| isase isakA samaya 600 I0 ke nikaTa pratIta hotA hai| isa durgavRtti para eka dUsare durgasiMha ( 9vIM zatAbdI) ne TIkA likhI thii| inake atirikta ugrabhUti (11vIM zatAbdI ), trilocanadAsa ( 1100 I0, paJjikA TIkA ), umApati (1200 I0 ), vardhamAna (13vIM zatAbdI ), kAzmIra-nivAsI jagaddharabhaTTa ( 1300 I0, bAlabodhinITIkA ) ityAdi ne mUla daurgasiMhI vRtti para TIkAe~ likhI thiiN| inameM baMgAla meM paJjikATIkA kA bahuta pracAra huaa| trivikrama ne ( 13vIM zatAbdI ) isa para 'udyota' tathA suSeNa kavirAja ( 17vIM zatAbdI ) ne 'kavirAjI' vyAkhyA likhI thii| pichalI vyAkhyA meM nyAyazAstrIya dRSTi kA paricaya milatA hai| zrIpatidatta (11-12vIM zatI I0 ) ne mUla kAtantra meM pariziSTa jor3A thA, jisa para apanI vRtti bhI likhI thii| kAtantra-pariziSTa kI aneka TIkAe~ samaya-samaya para likhI gayIM / pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke samAna kAtantra meM bhI dhAtupATha, uNAdi, paribhASA, liGgAnuzAsana Adi to the hI; samAsa, kAraka ityAdi viSayoM para vizeSa vicAra karane vAle prakaraNa-grantha bhI the / isa sampradAya meM pratipAdita kAraka-prakaraNa ke AdhAra para rabhasanandi ne kArakasambandhodyota nAmaka eka choTI-sI pustaka likhI, jisameM 15 kArikAoM kI suvizada vyAkhyA kI gayI hai / ise hI SaTkAraka-kArikA TIkA bhI kahate haiM / isake lekhaka kA samaya 900 I0 tathA 1100 I0 ke bIca hai| suprasiddha naiyAyika jagadIza tarkAlaMkAra kAtantra-sampradAya ke hI adhyetA the, jinhoMne apanI 'zabdazaktiprakAzikA' meM isake sUtroM ke uddharaNa diye haiN| isa prakAra pANini ke Adarza para pravartita kotantra-sampradAya sarvAGgapUrNa hai| (2) cAndra-pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI ke Adarza para candragomI ne cAndravyAkaraNa kI racanA kii| candra kA ullekha bhartRhari ne vAkyapadIya ( 2 / 483 ) meM mahAbhASya ke uddhAraka meM rUpa meM kiyA hai| kalhaNa kI rAjataraMgiNI ke anusAra kAzmIranareza abhimanyu kI AjJA se candrAcArya ne kAzmIra meM mahAbhASya kA pracAra kiyA thaa| candra gomI ke uNAdisUtroM meM ba, va kA bheda nahIM hone ke kAraNa kucha loga inheM baMgAla kA mUla nivAsI mAnate haiM / abhimanyu ke kAla ke viSaya meM asaMgatiyA~ haiM, kyoMki rAjataraMgiNI ke anaitihAsika bhAga meM isakA ullekha hai| candragomI bhartahari ke kucha hI pUrva rahe hoNge| sambhavataH inakA AvirbhAvakAla 100-200 I0 ke bIca ho / adhikAMza vidvAn inheM pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM mAnate haiM / candra bauddha vidvAn the| 1. saM0 vyA0 zA0 iti0 1, pR0 514 / 2. K. V. Abhyankar, A Dictionary of Sanskrit Grammar, p. 107-8. 3. prakAzana-rAjasthAna purAtattvAnveSaNa mandira, jayapura, 2013 vi0 / 4. A Dictionary of Sanskrit Grammar, p. 140.

Page #46
da saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana ___ candra gomI ke vyAkaraNa meM saMjJA-zabdoM kA vyavahAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| samprati isameM 6 adhyAya tathA 3100 sUtra milate haiN| svara tathA vaidika prakaraNa isameM nahIM milate, kintu laukika bhAga ke sUtroM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki ye donoM prakaraNa bhI isameM avazya rahe hoNge| candragomI ne apane cAndrasUtroM para svopaja vRtti ke atirikta dhAtupATha, gaNapATha, uNAdisUtra, liGgAnuzAsana, upasargavRtti, zikSAsUtra tathA koSa bhI likhA thA / kucha grantha devanAgarI saMskaraNa meM prApta haiM, kintu kucha abhI bhI tibbatI meM hai / mahAyAna bauddhoM meM cAndravyAkaraNa bahuta pracalita thaa| cAndravyAkaraNa ke sUtra pANini se milate-julate haiM / kAzikA meM kaI sthAnoM para candra kI asaMgatiyoM kA uttara diyA gayA hai, kintu isakA nAma nahIM liyA gayA / cAndravyAkaraNa kA pracAra bauddhoM se bhinna logoM meM nahIM ho skaa| ( 3 ) jainendra-pUjyapAda devanandi ( yA siddhanandi ) ne 5vIM zatI I0 meM jainendrazabdAnuzAsana nAmaka grantha likhA thA, jo aSTAdhyAyI ke Adarza para hai / samprati isake do saMskaraNa milate haiM-audIcya ( 3000 sUtra ) tathA dAkSiNAtya ( 3700 sUtra ) / inameM audIcya saMskaraNa hI mUla grantha mAlUma par3atA hai, kyoMki dAkSiNAtya saMskaraNa meM aneka vArtikoM ko bhI sUtra kA rUpa diyA gayA hai| ekazeSa-vRtti kA abhAva isakI vizeSatA hai / isa vyAkaraNa meM alpAkSara saMjJAoM kA ( pANini ke gha, ghu, Ti ke Adarza para ) prayoga hai / isa grantha para abhayanandi ( 800 I0 ) ne mahAvRtti nAma se eka vizada vyAkhyA likhI thii| prabhAcandra ( 1000 I0 ) ne bhI mUla grantha para bahuta adhika vistRta vyAkhyA likhI thI, kintu yaha sampUrNa upalabdha nahIM hotii| ina vRttiyoM ke atirikta prakriyA-grantha bhI isameM likhe gaye; yathA-- zrutakIrti ( 12vIM zatI ) kI mahAvastu tathA paM0 vaMzIdhara ( 20vIM zatI ) kI jainendrprkriyaa| ye grantha audIcya saMskaraNa para haiM, jisakA pracAra abhI bhI jainoM ke bIca hai| ___jainendra-vyAkaraNa ke dAkSiNAtya saMskaraNa kA vAstavika nAma 'zabdArNava' hai, jise guNanandi ( 900 I0 ) ne saMskRta kiyA thA, kyoMki isa para TIkA likhane vAle somadevasUri apanI TIkA ko guNanandi-viracita zabdArNava meM praveza karane ke lie naukA mAnate haiM / somadeva kI TIkA zabdArNavacandrikA ( 1205 I0 ) kahalAtI hai / kAzI kI sanAtana jaina granthamAlA meM yaha prakAzita hai| ( 4 ) jaina zAkaTAyana-AcArya pAlyakIti ( 814.67 I0 ) ne abhinava jaina zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa kA pravartana kiyA thaa| isa vyAkaraNa grantha (zabdAnuzAsana) meM 4-4 pAdoM vAle 4 adhyAya haiM, jinheM siddhi ke nAma se adhikaraNoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / isameM sUtroM kA krama prakriyAnusArI rakhA gayA hai / sUtra ke sAtha hI iSTiyA~ tathA upasaMkhyAna bhI haiM, pRthak nahIM / gaNapATha, dhAtupATha, liMgAnuzAsana tathA uNAdiina cAroM ko chor3akara samasta vyAkaraNa-kArya isa vRtti meM hI haiN| sUtroM kI saMkhyA prAyaH 3200 hai / isake racayitA pAlyakIti jaina rASTrakUTa rAjA amoghavarSa ( 9vIM 1. yakSavarmA, zAkaTAyana vRtti, maMgalAcaraNa 11 /

Page #47
kAraka-viSayaka bhAratIya cintana kA itihAsa 27 zatAbdI ) ke samakAlika the / amoghavarSa kA samaya saM0 871-924 vi0 ( 814867 I0 ) ke bIca hai| inhIM kI sabhA meM pAlyakIrti rahA karate the| AzrayadAtA ke nAma para inhoMne apanI vRtti kA hI nAma 'amoghA' rakhA hai| yaha vRtti ativistRta hai| 'amoghA' para prabhAcandra ( 1000 I.) ne nyAsa tathA yakSavarmA ne cintAmaNi nAmaka TIkA likhI / yakSavarmA apanI vRtti kA mahattva batalAte haiM ki isake abhyAsa se bAlaka tathA striyA~ bhI eka varSa meM samasta vAGmaya ko samajhane lageMgI / zAkaTAyana zabdAnuzAsana ko sarala karake abhayacandra, bhAvasena tathA muni dayAlapAla ne ( 1025 I0 ) apane prakriyA-grantha likhe / (5) sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa -dhArAnareza mahArAja bhojadeva ( rAjyakAla 102863 I0 ) ne isa nAma kA eka bRhat zabdAnuzAsana likhA, jisakA Arambha kArakaprakaraNa se hI hotA hai| bhoja saMskRta ke mahAn uddhAraka tathA vidyAnurAgI nareza the, jinake Azraya meM aneka kavi tathA paNDita rahate the| sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa ke nAma se inake do grantha haiM-eka vyAkaraNa kA, dUsarA kAvyazAstra kA / vyAkaraNa meM 8 bar3e-bar3e adhyAya haiM, jo 4-4 pAdoM meM vibhakta haiM / sUtroM kI kula saMkhyA 6411 hai / prathama sAta adhyAyoM meM saMskRta bhASA kA zabdAnuzAsana hai aura antima adhyAya meM vaidika saMskRta kaa| isakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM vyAkaraNa ke sahAyaka bhAga-paribhASA, liMgAnuzAsana, uNAdi tathA gaNapATha bhI sanniviSTa haiN| ye bhAga pANini-tantra ke samAna pRthak nahIM hai, kevala dhAtupATha kA antarbhAva nahIM ho sakA hai| ataH grantha kA AkAra bahuta bar3A ho gayA hai / isIlie isakA pracAra bhI nahIM ho skaa| isa grantha ke AdhAra pANini tathA cAndra vyAkaraNa haiN| isa para daNDanAtha nArAyaNa ne hRdayahAriNI-vyAkhyA ( 12vIM zatAbdI ), kRSNalIlAzuka ( 1300 I.) ne puruSakAra tathA rAmasiMha ne ratnadarpaNa vyAkhyA likhI hai| (6 ) haima vyAkaraNa-isake pravartaka suprasiddha jaina vidvAn hemacandrasUri the, jinhoMne siddhahaima-zabdAnuzAsana nAmaka eka sarvAMgapUrNa vyAkaraNa likhA thaa| hemacandra kA janma kArtika pUrNimA saM0 1145 vi0 meM tathA nirvANa 84 varSa kI Ayu meM 1229 vi0 meM huA thA ( 1088-1172 I0 ) / inake guru candradevasUri zvetAmbara sampradAya ke AcArya the| hemacandra kA janma gujarAta ke ahamadAbAda jile meM huA thaa| 1. 'khyAte dRzye' ( zAka0 sU0 4 / 3 / 207 ) sUtra kI amoghAvRtti meM do dRSTa ghaTanAoM ke udAharaNa laGlakAra meM diye gaye haiM- 'aruNad devaH pANDyam / adahat amoghavarSo'rAtIn' / 2. maMgalAcaraNa 12 'bAlAbalAjano'pyasyAH vRtterabhyAsamAtrataH / samastaM vAGmayaM vetti varSeNakena nizcayAt' /

Page #48
28 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana inake sahAyaka gurjaranareza mahArAja siddharAja tathA kumArapAla AcArya bhI the| jaina granthoM meM hemacandra ke apratima vaiduSya kI aneka sthaloM meM carcA hai| inheM 'kalikAlasarvajJa' taka kahA gayA hai / siddharAja ke hI Adeza se inhoMne apanA zabdAnuzAsana likhA thaa| isameM kula ATha adhyAya haiM, jinameM pratyeka meM 4-4 adhyAya haiM / prathama sAta adhyAyoM meM saMskRta bhASA kA vyAkaraNa hai tathA AThaveM adhyAya meM aneka prakAra kI prAkRta bhASAoM kA anuzAsana hai| sUtroM kI saMkhyA kramazaH 3566 tathA 1119 hai / jaina paramparA ke anusAra isakI racanA meM hemacandra ko kula eka varSa lagA thA ( 1136-7 I0 ) / isa zabdAnuzAsana kI racanA prakriyA-krama se huI hai, jisameM kramazaH saMjJA, svarasaMdhi, vyaMjanasaMdhi, nAma, kAraka, Satva-Natva, strIpratyaya, samAsa, AkhyAta, kRdanta tathA taddhita-prakaraNa haiM / vyAkaraNa ke atirikta anya aneka zAstroM para hemacandra ne apane grantha likhe the / haima zabdAnuzAsana ko aneka AcAryoM ne apanI TIkAoM ke dvArA samRddha kiyA, jinameM svayaM hemacandra kA bRhannyAsa, devendrasUri kA laghunyAsa tathA meghavijaya kI haimakaumudI pramukha haiN| (7) jaumara-isakA pravartana kramadIzvara ( 13vIM zatAbdI I0) ne apanA saMkSiptasAra vyAkaraNa likhakara kiyA thaa| unhoMne apane vyAkaraNa para rasavatI nAmaka vRtti bhI likhI thii| isI vRtti kA pariSkAra 14vIM zatAbdI I0 meM jumaranandi ke dvArA huA thA, jisase isa sampradAya kA nAma hI jImara ( yA jaumAra) par3A / jumaranandi kisI pradeza ke rAjA the| jaumara vyAkaraNa kI racanA prakriyA-krama se haI hai| isakA pariziSTa gopI( yI )candra ne ( 15vIM zatAbdI ) jor3A thA tathA mUla grantha para bhI TIkA likhI thii| isa TIkA para kaI vaMgIya vidvAnoM ne vyAkhyAe~ likhI haiM / isakA pracAra kevala vaMga-pradeza taka sImita hai| (8) sArasvata-narendra nAmaka kisI vidvAn ne sarasvatI kI preraNA se prAyaH 700 sUtroM meM hI saMskRta bhASA kA saMkSipta vyAkaraNa likhA thA, jo isa samaya prApta nahIM hai / isI ke AdhAra para 13vIM zatAbdI meM anubhUtisvarUpAcArya ne 'sArasvataprakriyA' likhI thii| isa para aneka TIkAe~ likhI gayI thIM; yathA-amRtabhAratI kI subodhinI, puMjarAja kI prakriyA, satyaprabodha kI dIpikA, mAdhava kI siddhAntaratnAvalI, candrakIrti kI dIpikA ityAdi / bhaTTojidIkSita ke ziSya raghunAtha ( 1600 I0 ) ne isa para laghubhASya bhI likhA thaa| sArasvata-sampradAya meM mUla sUtroM ke dUsare rUpoM ko prakaTa karane vAle grantha bhI likhe gaye; yathA-rAmAzrama ( 17vIM zatAbdI I0 ) kI siddhAntacandrikA / isa para lokezakara ne tattvadIpikA ( saM0 1741 ) tathA sadAnanda ne subodhinI TIkAe~ likhI thiiN| samprati kaI pradezoM meM sArasvata-prakriyA tathA siddhAntacandrikA kA paThana-pAThana hotA hai| (9) mugdhabodha-bopadeva ( 1300 I0 ) ne mugdhabodha nAmaka atyanta saMkSipta vyAkaraNa likhakara eka naye vyAkaraNa kA pravartana kiyA thaa| ye devagiri ke nivAsI 1. haimabRhadvRtti, bhAga 1, bhUmikA pR0 ( ko ) /

Page #49
kAraka-viSayaka bhAratIya cintana kA itihAsa the| isa vyAkaraNa ke atirikta inhoMne 'kavikalpadruma' nAmaka dhAtupATha kA saMgraha kiyA thaa| vaMga pradeza meM hindU rAjya ke patana ke bAda mugdhabodha kA praveza huA tathA prAcIna vaiyAkaraNoM kI bhASA-vRtti ityAdi granthoM kA samuccheda hone lgaa| samprati mugdhabodha kA adhyayana navadvIpa taka sImita hai| isameM abhinava saMjJA-zabdoM kA vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai, jaise-dha ( dhAtu ), vR ( vRddhi ) / isa para nandakizora, vidyAnivAsa Adi AcAryoM ne TIkAe~ likhI haiM / (10) saupadma-- isa sampradAya kA pravartana padmanAbhadatta ne supana nAmaka vyAkaraNa grantha likhakara kiyA thaa| ye mithilA ke nivAsI the' tathA 15vIM zatAbdI meM hue the| apane vyAkaraNa para inhoMne svayaM paMjikA nAmaka TIkA likhI thii| isake atirikta apane anya 11 granthoM kI carcA inhoMne apanI paribhASAvRtti meM kI hai| supadma vyAkaraNa para viSNumitra kI likhI huI supadma-makaranda TIkA sarvazreSTha mAnI jAtI hai / isa vyAkaraNa meM bhI prakriyA kA krama hai / anya zAstroM meM kAraka-carcA koI bhI zAstra apane sahayogiyoM se vicchinna hokara nahIM cala sktaa| use apane viSaya ke pratipAdana ke samaya anya zAstroM kI carcA karanI hI par3atI hai| cAhe usakA lakSya zAstrAntara ke viSayoM kA nirasana karanA ho yA apane mata kI puSTi kA anveSaNa karanA ho-donoM hI sthitiyoM meM eka zAstra meM dUsare zAstra kI carcA hotI hai| isa prakAra vibhinna zAstroM ke sahayoga-samparka se kisI viSaya kA sarvAMgapUrNa adhyayana sambhava hai / isI se prajJA meM vizleSaNazakti AtI hai| bhartRhari ne kahA hai 'prajJA vivekaM labhate bhinnarAgamadarzanaiH / kiyadvA zakyamunnetuM svatamanudhAvatA' // -vA0 pa0 2 / 486 manuSya kevala eka zAstra meM sImAbaddha hokara kahA~ se viveka pA sakatA hai ? bhASA ke adhyayana meM pada tathA padArtha kA vivecana mukhya hai, jisakA sambandha kramazaH vyAkaraNa tathA vaizeSika darzana se hai / ina donoM zAstroM ke viSayoM kI AvazyakatA sabhI zAstroM ko nyUnAdhika rUpa meM hotI hai| ( 'kANAdaM pANinIyaM ca sarvazAstropakArakam'-lokokti ) / inameM bhI bhASA kA sIdhA sambandha vyAkaraNazAstra se hI hai, jisake abhAva meM pada-sAdhutva kA jJAna nahIM ho sktaa| isIlie zAstrAntara meM praveza karane ke lie vyAkaraNa kA adhyayana sarvaprathama anivArya yogyatA hai| apane pAThakoM ko isIlie vyAkaraNa meM adhItI mAnakara anya zAstrakAra svAbhAvika rUpa se vyAkaraNa ke viSayoM kI carcA apane pratipAdya viSayoM ke prasaMga meM karate haiN| kucha zAstroM meM to isakI anivAryatA hai / kucha zAstra udAharaNa ke rUpa meM yaha carcA karate haiM to anya zAstroM ko vyAkaraNa ke siddhAnta nirasana-yogya pratIta hote haiN| jo bhI 9. K. V. Abhyankar, A Dictionary of Skt. Grammar, p. 400. 4saM.

Page #50
30 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana kAraNa rahA ho, vyAkaraNa se sambaddha tathA asambaddha zAstroM meM bhI isake vibhinna aMgoM kI itanI adhika carcA hai ki pUrNa anusandhAna karane para kevala unakA itihAsa hI likhA jAya ( viSaya-vivecana nahIM bhI ho ) to pUre grantha kI sAmagrI prApta hogii| vyAkaraNa ke anyatama aMga ke rUpa meM kAraka kI carcA bhI kaI zAstroM meM huI hai| hama yahA~ vedAnta, mImAMsA tathA nyAya-ina darzanoM meM pravRtta kAraka-carcA kA saMkSipta nidarzana karate haiN| advaitavedAnta ___ brahmasUtra ke samanvayAdhikaraNa ( 1 / 1 / 4) para bhASya karate hue zaMkarAcArya anitya dravya ke cAra bhedoM kI carcA karate haiM-utpAdya, vikArya, Apya tathA saMskArya / ve siddha karate haiM ki nitya tathA zuddha brahmasvarUpa mokSa inameM se kisI ke rUpa meM nahIM hai, anyathA usake anitya hone kA prasaMga A jaayegaa| ukta bheda vastutaH karmakAraka ke mImAMsA-svIkRta bheda haiM / vyAkaraNa meM saMskArya chor3akara anya karmabheda svIkArya haiM / isI prakAra 'karmakartavyapadezAcca' (bra0 sU0 1 / 2 / 4 ) ke bhASya meM upaniSad vAkya kA uddharaNa dekara zaMkara upAsya AtmA kA zrauta nirdeza prApya ( karma ) ke rUpa meM tathA upAsaka jIva kA prAptikartA ke rUpa meM dikhalAte haiN| isa sthala kA uddharaNa kauNDabhaTTa ne vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa meM bhI sambaddha prasaMga meM diyA hai / brahmasUtra ke dvitIyAdhyAya meM eka adhikaraNa kA hI nAma katradhikaraNa ( 2 / 3 / 33-39 ) hai, jisameM vibhinna zrutivAkyoM meM buddhi, vijJAnAdi se bhinna jIva ke kartRtva kI upapatti kI gayI hai / isI prasaMga meM vijJAna ke kartatva ( jo bauddhoM ko abhimata hai ) ke nirasanArtha vijJAna meM karaNa vibhakti ke nirdeza kA udAharaNa zaMkara ne dikhalAyA hai ki jo karaNa ke rUpa meM zrutivAkyoM meM nirdiSTa hai use kartRrUpa meM nahIM rakhA jA sktaa| brahmasUtra ke saMjJAmUrtiklaptyadhikaraNa ( 2 / 4 / 20 ) meM bhI jIva ke kartRtva meM jagat kI nAma-rUpavyAkRti kI upapatti huI hai / yahA~ vAcaspati mizra ne bhI kartA tathA karaNa kA saMkSipta vivecana kiyA hai, jisakA uddharaNa laghumaJjUSA kI kalA-TIkA ( pR0 1249 ) meM diyA gayA hai| vAcaspati ne sAMkhyakArikA ( 32 ) kI vyAkhyA meM karaNa kI kArakatA tathA usake vyApAra kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai- 'kArakavizeSaH karaNam / na ca vyApArAvezaM vinA kArakatvamiti vyApArAvezamAha-tadAharaNadhAraNa prkaashkrm'| vaise ina darzanoM meM vyAkaraNa ke sAmAnya praznoM kI anekatra carcA hai, kintu kAraka-viSayaka sUcanAe~ kama haiN| 1. vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa, pR0 107 / 2. 'tathA hyanyatra buddhivivakSAyAM vijJAnazabdasya karaNavibhaktinirdezo dRzyate' / -zAGkarabhASya 2 / 3 / 36

Page #51
kAraka - viSayaka bhAratIya cintana kA itihAsa 31 zAbarabhASya mImAMsAsUtra ke zAbarabhASya meM anekatra kArakasAmAnya tathA kArakavizeSa kI vivecanA huI hai' | zabara kA eka sthAna para kathana hai ki kAraka kriyA se sambaddha hotA hai, dravya se nahIM ( 10 / 2265 ) | kArakavibhakti meM yukta kisI bhI zabda kA kriyAnvita honA anivArya hai / ise zabara kaI udAharaNoM se spaSTa karate haiM ( 10 / 3 / 63-64 ) jaise 'caturo muSTIn nirvapati' meM 'catura: ' zabda muSTi se sambaddha na hokara 'nirvapati' se sambaddha hai / isI prakAra 'hiraNmayI prakAzau adhvaryave dadAti' meM prAkAza karmatayA dAna kriyA se anvita hai / kArakavibhaktiyoM ke 'kriyopakAraka hone para bhI yaha bAta nahIM ki sabhI kAraka samAna hoM / pratyeka kAraka kA kriyAsiddhi ke prati apanA vilakSaNa DhaMga hai, jisase unameM eka-dUsare kI samAnatA kA prasaMga nahIM AtA hai / isa tathya kI upapatti ( 6 / 1 / 17 ) ki 'yajate' kriyA ke kartA adhvaryu tathA yajamAna adhvaryu ke artha meM 'yajate' yajamAna-padArthoM ke sampAdana kA abhidhAna karatA hai / isIlie kAraka kA sambandha karma ( kriyA ) mAtra se hai, karmaguNa se nahIM ( 'kArakasya ca karmaNA sambandho na karmaguNena' - zA0 bhA0 11 / 2 / 2 ) / kArakoM meM isIlie paraspara vizeSaNa - vizeSya bhAva nahIM ho sakatA - 'apsu avabhRthena caranti' isameM donoM hI zabda 'caranti' se sambaddha haiM, paraspara sambaddha nahIM ( 10 / 6 / 25 ) / zabara ne kI hai donoM haiM, kintu vibhakti meM vacana vivakSita kArakavibhakti ke vacana ke sambandha meM zabara kA kathya hai ki jaba vacana vivakSita ho taba kAraka-vyApAra kA saMcAlana vacanAnusAra eka, do yA aneka ke dvArA hotA hai / yahA~ bhI kArakArtha vibhakti ke dvArA abhihita hotA hai / vibhakti vacana ke sAtha-sAtha kArakArtha kA bhI abhidhAna karatI hai / isIlie jahA~ nahIM rahatA, kArakArthaM kA abhidhAna karane ke kAraNa usake ( vibhakti ke ) Anarthakya kA prasaMga nahIM AtA hai / udAharaNArtha 'grahaM sammASTi' meM graha kA ekatva avivakSita hai tathApi vibhakti sArthaka hai, kyoMki kArakArtha kA bodha karAtI hai jisase graha tathA mRji-kriyA ke bIca sambandha sthApita hotA hai - sabhI grahoM ke sambandha se mRji-kriyA siddhi hotI hai / 1. Dr. G. V. Devasthali, Mimamsa: The Vakyashastra of Ancient India, Chap. IX. para 9-27. 2. 'sarvANi ca pradhAnasyopakuryuH / bhinnAni ca kAryANi kuryuH / tad yathA kArakANi kartrAdIni sarvANi tAvat kriyAyA upakurvanti / atha ca pratikArakaM kriyAbhedaH' / -- zAbarabhASya 11 / 1 / 7 3. tulanIya - 'supAM karmAdayo'pyarthAH saGkhyA caiva tathA tiGAm' / ( pA0 sU0 1 / 4 / 21 para bhASya ) / 'saGkhyAkArakabodhayitrI vibhaktiH' / Y. Mimamsa: The Vak. Sas. of Anc. Ind., Chap. IX, para 21

Page #52
saMskRta - vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana zabara bhI vaiyAkaraNoM se samAna SaSThI tathA sambodhana ko kAraka nahIM mAnate ( 3 / 1 / 12 ) / kAraka lakSaNA vibhakti jahA~ kriyA-sambandha kA abhidhAna karatI hai, SaSThI vibhakti se guNa-sambandha mAtra bodhita hotA hai / 'indrasya nu vIryANi pravocam' ( R0 1 / 3211 ) meM SaSThI vibhakti devatA tathA stuti ke bIca sambandha-bodha karAtI hai / SaSThI kI eka vilakSaNatA hai ki acetana padArthoM ke bodhaka zabdoM meM lagane para kabhI-kabhI dvitIyA tRtIyAdi vibhaktiyoM kA bhI artha detI hai; yathA - 'zAkasya dehi, ghRtasya yajate, somasya pibati' / sambodhana anuvacana yA nirdeza mAtra ke lie prayukta hotA hai, jisase stuti abhihita hotI hai ( guNasambandha ) | 32 zAbarabhASya meM kArakavizeSoM kA varNana yatra-tatra vibhaktiyoM ko AdhAra mAna kara kiyA gayA hai / cUMki brAhmaNa vAkyoM meM sthita vidhiyoM ke gauNa-pradhAnabhAva kA nirNaya tatratya vibhaktiyoM ke dvArA kiyA jAtA hai, ataH mImAMsAdarzana meM inakA bar3A mahattva hai / hama kucha udAharaNa le sakate haiM / sAmAnyatayA karmakAraka meM hone vAlI dvitIyA se bodhita padArtha pradhAna hotA hai, kyoMki vaha kartA kA Ipsitatama hai / tathApi kucha aisI sthitiyA~ bhI haiM jahA~ mImAMsakoM kI dRSTi meM vaha pradhAna nahIM hotA; yathA - ' srucaM sammASTi, agni sammASTi'" / 'saktUn juhoti' meM AkhyAta ke dvArA pradhAnakarma kA bodha hotA hai, jisase sambaddha dravya ( saktu ) apradhAna ho jAtA hai / homa - kriyA pradhAna hai, yadi vaha saktuoM ke lie ho to saktu apane Apa meM niSprayojana hoMge hI, homa ko bhI nirarthaka kara deMge / ukta vAkya kA yahI artha ho sakatA hai ki homa ke dvArA saktuoM kA saMskAra kiyA jAya, jo sambhava nahIM hai / karmavibhakti meM saktu kI sthiti se yahI visaMgati hotI hai / ataH isake viparIta homa kriyA ke sampAdana meM saktu kI hA ( sAdhaka matA ) apekSita mAnakara usakA karaNa pariNAma karanA Avazyaka hai / apUrva kI utpatti homa se hI hotI hai, saktu se nahIM - bhale hI vaha dvitIyA vibhakti meM hI kyoM na rahe / ataH niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki saktu kI dvitIyA vibhakti kevala saktu tathA homa ke bIca sambandha kA bodha karAtI hai, isake atirikta kucha nahIM karatI / jahA~ bhI dravya tathA karma ke bIca sambandha ho, dravya karma ke prati guNabhUta ho jAtA hai (bhUtaM bhavyAyopadizyate ) / ataH dvitIyA hone para bhI saktu ke guNabhUta hone se isameM karaNa - pariNAma karanA par3atA hai| isI prakAra mImAMsA meM kAraka tathA vibhaktiviSayaka puSkala sAmagrI milatI hai / nyAyadarzana: prAcIna tathA navya nyAyasUtra meM pramANasAmAnya kI parIkSA ke prasaMga meM diye gaye 'prameyA ca tulAprAmANyavat' ( 2 / 1 / 16 ) sUtra kI vyAkhyA karate hue vAtsyAyana ne sabhI kArakoM ke udAharaNa vRkSa zabda meM dikhalAye haiM tathA pANini-sUtroM ke uddharaNa bhI kucha kArakoM meM diye haiM / anta meM niSkarSa nikAlA hai - 'evaM ca sati na dravyamAtraM kArakaM, na kriyA 1. zAbara bhASya 2 / 1 / 9 tathA Age bhI /

Page #53
kAraka-viSayaka bhAratIya cintana kA itihAsa mAtram / ki tahi ? kriyAsAdhanaM kriyAvizeSayuktaM kArakam / tadanusAra kAraka-zabdoM kA nimitta samAviSTa karanA par3atA hai tabhI kAraka kA samAveza ho skegaa| isakI TIkAoM meM udyotakara tathA vAcaspati ne bhI apane mata kArakoM ke viSaya meM vyakta kiye haiN| jayantabhaTTa ( 850-900 I0 ) ne apanI nyAyamaJjarI meM vyAkaraNa ke sabhI viSayoM kA prAyaH khaNDana hI kiyA hai| isake adhyayana ko niSphala batalAte hue unhoMne kahA hai 'duSTagrahagRhIto vA bhIto vA rAjadaNDataH / pitRbhyAmabhizapto vA kuryAd vyAkaraNe zramam // -nyA0 ma0, pR0 385 isI prasaMga meM 'kArakAnuzAsana kI duHsthatA' kI unhoMne savistara upapatti kI hai / vizeSa rUpa se apAdAna, sampradAna, karaNa, adhikaraNa tathA karma ke ( pANini ke anusAra kAraka-krama ) vidhAyaka sUtroM kA kramazaH sodAharaNa khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| kartA ke viSaya meM kaI mata dekara pratyeka kI asAratA dikhalAyI gayI hai| ve mata nimna haiM-(1) 'yadvyApArAdhInaH kArakAntaravyApAraH sa kartA' / (2) 'yaH kArakANi prayuGkte, taizca na prayujyate sa krtaa'| ( 3 ) 'dhAtunAbhidhIyamAnaNyApAraH krtaa| vAstava meM jayantabhaTTa ke samaya se hI vaiyAkaraNoM tathA naiyAyikoM ke madhya matabheda hone lagA, jo bAda meM pratyeka sthala para dikhalAyI par3ane lgaa| navyanyAya ke pravartaka gaMgeza upAdhyAya ( 1200 I0 ) ne apanI tattvacintAmaNi meM naiyAyika-sammata pramANacatuSTaya meM se pratyeka kA vizada vivecana karane ke lie eka-eka khaNDa kI racanA kI hai| ina khaNDoM meM vividha viSayoM ke prakaraNa 'vAda' ke nAma se prasiddha hai| yathA-maGgalavAda, prAmANyavAda ityAdi / zabdakhaNDa meM zabda-viSayaka sabhI viSayoM kA vivecana huA hai| vyAkaraNa se sambaddha zaktigraha, samAsavAda ityAdi kA vicAra vizada rUpa se karane para bhI alaga se kAraka para koI prakaraNa inhoMne nahIM diyA hai tathApi yatra-tatra apane vicAra to vyakta kiye hI haiN| vibhinna kArakoM ke vivecana-krama meM hama inheM dekheNge| ___gaMgeza ke anugAmI naiyAyikoM meM prakaraNoM ke lekhana ke prati bahuta adhika pravRtti dikhalAyI par3atI hai| vyAkaraNa ke isa pramukha tattva kAraka para bhI aneka grantha likhe gye| 17vIM zatAbdI I0 ke Arambha meM AvirbhUta bhavAnanda ne 'kArakacakra' nAmaka eka alpakAya gadyAtmaka pustaka likhI, jisameM pANini ke sUtroM kA uddharaNa dete hue sabhI kArakoM para nyAyamata se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| kArakoM para naiyAyika dRSTikoNa kA paricaya pAne ke lie yaha sarvazreSTha pustaka hai| isake siddhAntoM kA khaNDana bahudhA vyAkaraNa-granthoM meM huA hai / bhavAnanda ke ziSya jagadIza tarkAlaMkAra ( 1630 I0 ) kAtantra-sampradAya ke adhyetA the| unhoMne nyAyamata se zabda-viSayaka vistRta vicAra 1. nyAyamaMjarI, 50 382-3 /

Page #54
saMskRta vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana apanI zabdazaktiprakAzikA meM kiyA hai| subartha ke prakaraNa meM kArakArthA tathA itarArthA ( upapada ) vibhaktiyoM kA bheda karake jagadIza ne vizada kAraka-vivecana kiyA hai / yaha grantha kArikAoM tathA unakI vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM likhA gayA hai / yaha kAtantrasampradAya mAtra meM sImita nahIM raha sakA; pANini-tantra meM bhI isakA vyApaka adhyayana hotA rahA hai| __jagadIza ke ziSya gadAdhara bhaTTAcArya ( 1650 I0 ) ne apanA suprasiddha grantha vyutpattivAda likhA, jisameM zAbdabodha ke upakAraka ke rUpa meM prathamAdi vibhaktiyoM ke arthoM kA vistRta vizleSaNa karate hue unake antargata kArakoM kA bhI vizada vicAra kiyA hai / sthApanAoM kI upapatti ke lie pANini ke sUtroM kA isameM sthAna-sthAna para uddharaNa diyA gayA hai / nyAyazAstra meM isakI apratima prAmANikatA hai| isake atirikta bhI gadAdhara ne kArakavAda ( yA kAraka-nirNaya ) nAma kA eka grantha likhA thA, jisa para rAmarudra tarkavAgIza ( 1700 I0 ) kI TIkA bhI hai / maithila naiyAyikoM kI paramparA meM viziSTa sthAna rakhane vAle gokulanAtha ne padavAkyaratnAkara meM vibhaktyartha kA vizada vizleSaNa karate hue kAraka-vibhakti tathA upapada-vibhakti kA pRthak-pRthak nirUpaNa kiyA / inakA grantha kArikA kI vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM hai| giridhara bhaTTAcArya ne bhI ( 17vIM zatI I0) vibhaktyartha-nirNaya nAmaka eka dIrghakAya grantha vibhakti ke arthoM kA nyAyamata se vicAra karane ke lie likhaa| vyutpattivAda kI gadyAtmaka zailI meM likhA gayA yaha grantha etadviSayaka sabhI granthoM meM bar3A hai| isameM kauNDabhaTTa kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / ina sabhI nyAyagranthoM kA prabhAva vaiyAkaraNoM ke vivecanoM para spaSTataH parilakSita hotA hai| 18vIM zatAbdI meM jayarAma bhaTTAcArya ne kArakavAda ( yA kArakaviveka ) nAmaka laghu pustaka likhI / veMkaTezvara presa, baMbaI se prakAzita kArakavAda prAyaH bhavAnanda ke kArakacakra kA hI anuvAda ( punarukti ) mAtra hai| inake atirikta bhI kaI ajJAta grantha hoMge, jo kAraka-viSaya se sambandha rakhate hoMge / Aja saMskRta ke aneka grantha lupta haiM / janatA kI ruci jaise-jaise nyAya-vyAkaraNAdi viSayoM se haTatI gayI, granthoM kA pracAra samApta hotA gayA aura aneka prAmANika sandarbha-grantha naSTa ho gaye / kitane grantha abhI aprakAzita haiM aura samaya kI gati dekhate hue anumAna hotA hai ki ve prakAzita hoMge bhI nhiiN|

Page #55
adhyAya : 2 kiyA tathA kAraka kArakoM kA kriyA se anvaya yaha sarvamAnya siddhAnta hai ki sabhI kArakoM kA dhAtvartha meM anvaya hotA hai| arthAt kisI-na-kisI kriyA se kArakoM kA kisI-na-kisI prakAra kA sambandha rahatA hai-vaha sambandha cAhe sAkSAt ho cAhe parokSa / isalie kAraka-vivecana kI pRSThabhUmi meM hameM kriyA kA svarUpa nirUpita karanA anivArya hai| sabhI vaiyAkaraNoM ne kriyA ke dArzanika vivecana meM apanA kucha yogadAna kiyA hai| inake atirikta nyAya tathA mImAMsA-ina do sambaddha darzanoM kA bhI kriyA-viSayaka vivecana ullekhya hai| saMsAra kI asthiratA kI carcA prAyaH sarvatra hotI hai| koI nAstika ho yA AsthAvAdI-use saMsAra parivartanazIla lagatA hI hai| jo padArtha hama Aja eka sthAna para dekhate haiM, kala use dUsare sthAna para dUsare rUpa meM dekheMge / eka hI sthAna para bhI rahane vAle ( sthAvara ) padArthoM ke rUpa-guNa,kA kAlAntara meM parivartana dekhate hI haiM / yaha parivartana kAla tathA deza nAmaka do dravyoM ke AdhAra para hotA hai-kAlAntara tathA dezAntara meM dravya bhinna rUpa ho jAte haiM / isa kAlika tathA daizika parivartana kI pRSThabhUmi meM kriyA rahatI hai / padArthoM kA parivartana batalAtA hai ki unameM kucha na kucha kriyA huI hai / devadatta kucha samaya pUrva kAzI meM thA, Aja pATaliputra meM hai-avazya hI usameM kucha kriyA huI hai, anyathA isa deza-paribartana kI vyAkhyA sambhava nhiiN| jo cAvala kucha samaya pUrva dhokara thAlI meM rakhA huA thA, kar3e dAnoM vAlA thA-abhI vaha hAMr3I meM par3A hai tathA mulAyama ho gayA hai / isameM bhI kucha kriyA huI hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki kriyA padArthoM ke parivartana kA kAraNa hai, jise dekhakara usakA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| kriyA kA svarUpa : kriyA, dhAtu tathA AkhyAta bhAratIya dArzanika sAhitya meM kriyA, dhAtu tathA AkhyAta kA ( paraspara bheda rahate hue bhI ) prAyaH sambaddharUpa meM prayoga huA hai / gam, pac Adi jo zabdoM kI mUlabhUta ikAiyA~ hai, dhAtu kahalAte haiM, jinheM pANini ke dhAtupATha meM bhvAdi, adAdi ityAdi 10 gaNoM meM anubandha-sahita par3hA gayA hai| yAska ke pUrvavartI kAla meM isI artha meM AkhyAta zabda kA bhI prayoga thA / yathA--'sarvANi nAmAnyAkhyAtajAni iti 1. 'tatra sarvakArakANAM dhAtvarthe'nvayaH' / -la0 ma0, pR0 544 2. 'bhUvAdayo dhAtavaH' / -pAsU0 1 / 3 / 1

Page #56
36 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana zAkaTAyano naruktasamayazca' ( nirukta 1 / 12 ) / sabhI nAma ( saMjJA zabda ) AkhyAta se utpanna hote haiM, yaha zAkaTAyana tathA niruktakAroM kA siddhAnta hai| isI tathya kA nirdeza jaba pataJjali ko karanA par3atA hai taba ve 'nAma ca dhAtujamAha nirukte' (bhASya 3 / 3 / 1 ) kahate hue AkhyAta ke sthAna para dhAtu kA prayoga karate haiN| isI prakAra agni zabda ke nirvacana meM zAkapUNi ke mata kA ullekha karate hue yAska dhAtu tathA AkhyAta ko paryAya rUpa meM lete haiM--'tribhya AkhyAtebhyo jAyate iti zAkapUNiH' (nirukta 7 / 14) / ye sabhI yAska ke dvArA uddhRta pUrvAcAryoM ke prayoga haiN| svayaM yAska AkhyAta kA prayoga pUrNa kriyA ( tiGanta ) ke rUpa meM karate haiM-'prathamapuruSazcAkhyAtasya' ( ni0 7 / 1 ) arthAt tIna prakAra kI RcAoM meM parokSakRta RcAe~ ve haiM jinameM AkhyAta ( kriyA ) prathamapuruSa meM hotA hai tathA jinameM 'nAma' kI sabhI vibhaktiyAM lagAyI jAtI haiM / nirukta ke Arambha meM AkhyAta kA lakSaNa karate hue bhI yAska ko sAmAnyarUpa se kriyA kA hI dhyAna rahatA hai, dhAtu kA nahIM ( bhAvapradhAnamAkhyAtam ) / kriyA ina sabhI rUpoM kA-dhAtu, tiGanta tathA kRdanta kA-sAmAnya nAma hai, kyoMki ina saboM meM dhAtu kA artha prakaTa hotA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki sAmAnya rUpa se kriyA ko dhAtvartha kahate haiN|' phala tathA vyApAra ke rUpa meM dhAtu kA artha dhAtvartha yA kriyA ke aitihAsika vivecana ke pUrva hama vyAkaraNa ke siddhAnta rUpa meM pratiSThita kriyA kA vizleSaNa kareM, jisakI pRSThabhami ke rUpa meM kriyA-viSayaka vibhinna mata haiM / kriyA cUMki parivartana kI prakriyA hai ataH isake kaI khaNDa yA avasthA-vizeSa haiM / 'pacati' eka kriyA hai, jisake antargata kaI avAntara vyApAra hote haiN| jaiseAga sulagAnA, usa para bartana rakhanA, bartana meM pAnI denA, cAvala dhonA, bartana meM cAvala chor3anA, cUlhe ke pAsa baiThanA, cAvala ko calAnA ityaadi| ina sabhI vyApAroM ke saMcAlana ke samaya 'pacati' kriyA kA vyavahAra hotA hai-kiM karoti ? pacati / yahA~ taka ki usa sthAna para baiThanA bhI 'pacati' kriyA kA hI aMga hai| ina sabhI vyApAroM kA antima pariNAma kyA hogA? hama dekhate haiM ki anta meM cAvala komala ho jAyeMge / isa pUrvAparIbhUta ke krama se hone vAlI kriyA ke avAntara vyApAra taba taka calate rahate haiM jaba taka antima pariNAma na nikala jAya / isIlie kriyA meM pariNAmonmukha vyApAra kA bodha hotA hai| kriyA na kevala antima pariNAma ( phala ) ko hI kahate haiM, kyoMki aisA karane para kriyA ghaTanAmAtra banakara raha jAyegI tathA anya padArthoM ke samAna yaha sthira ho jaayegii| isI prakAra na kevala vyApAra ko hI kriyA kaha sakate haiM, kyoMki phala ke binA koI kriyA sambhava hI nahIM-kevala vibhinna prakriyAoM yA gatiyoM kAhI bodha hotA rahegA, kisI nizcita pariNAma kA nhiiN| 'pacati' na kevala cUlhA jalAnA Adi vyApAroM kA bodhaka hai aura na hI kevala phala 1. draSTavya-la0 ma0, pR0 544 /

Page #57
kriyA tathA kAraka kA bodhaka hai, pratyuta 'phala kI ora abhimukha vyApAra' arthAt anna kI viklitti ( komalatA ) utpanna karane kI dizA meM hone vAle avAntara vyApAroM kA samudita rUpa se bodha karAne vAlA pada hai / isalie vaiyAkaraNoM ke siddhAnta ke anusAra phala aura vyApAra donoM milakara dhAtu kA artha saMghaTita karate haiM / nirukta meM kriyA kA vicAra sarvaprathama yAska ne nirukta ( 119 ) meM AkhyAta ke nAma se kriyA kA lakSaNa kiyA hai ---' bhAvapradhAnamAkhyAtam' / isake do artha kiye jAte haiM / eka artha ke anusAra 'bhAva' zabda kriyA ke phala kA bodhaka hai ataH kriyA meM phala kI pradhAnatA tathA vyApAra kI apradhAnatA hotI hai / vyApAra phala ko lakSita karake hotA hai, kyoMki phala hI vyApAra kA uddezya hai / isake ThIka viparIta isakA dUsarA artha bhI isake anusAra bhAva vyApAramAtra kA bodhaka hai / kriyA ke artha meM aura anya sAdhana use pUrA karane meM sahAyaka hote haiM / yahI kAraNa hai kiyA jAtA hai ki vaha kyA kara rahA hai ? taba uttara hotA hai ki vaha tathyAnusAra prazna tathA uttara donoM hI usake vyApAra se sambaddha haiM / yAska ne Age calakara AkhyAta ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM batalAyA hai ki upakrama se lekara apavarga ( phala prApti ) paryanta jitane bhI avAntara vyAphAra pUrvApara-krama se hote haiM, ve sabhI bhAva yA kriyA kahe jAte haiM / bhAvoM kA jaba antima pariNAma nikala jAtA hai taba ve siddha, mUrta yA Thosa ho jAte haiM tathA unheM AkhyAta nahIM kahA jAtA / mUrta hone para ve sattva yA nAma kahalAte hai / amUrta yA sAdhya rahane para bhAva kriyA hai, kintu siddha yA mUrta hone para jaba vaha nizcita rUpa dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa pratyakSagamya ho jAtA hai, taba vahI nAma pada se vyapadiSTa hotA hai / pUrvAvasthA meM jo AkhyAta hai vahI avasthAvizeSa meM nAma hotA hai / ataH yAska ke anusAra pratyeka nAma ko AkhyAtAvasthA se hokara AnA anivArya hai / 'sarvANi nAmAnyAkhyAtajAni' isa nairukta siddhAnta kI pRSThabhUmi meM nAma tathA AkhyAta kI yaha vyAkhyA hI kAma karatI hai / yAska ne vArSyANi ke mata kA ullekha karate hue bhAva ( kriyA ) ke chaha vikAra ( avasthAe~ ) mAne haiM - utpatti ( jAyate ), sattA ( asti ), pariNAma vipariNamate), vRddhi ( vardhate ), kSaya ( apakSIyate ) aura vinAza ( vinazyati ) / sabhI kriyAoM tathA mUrta padArthoM ke jIvana meM bhI ye chahoM avasthAe~ AtI haiM; bhale hI ye atyanta sUkSma tathA sAdhAraNa anubhava meM na Ane yogya kyoM na hoM / kriyA kA 'karoti' yA 'asti' se anvaya 37 kiyA jAtA hai / vyApAra mukhya hai ki jaba prazna pakA rahA hai / yAska ke mata kA vistRta tathA spaSTa vivecana hama pataJjali ke bhASya meM pAte haiM / 'bhUvAdayo dhAtavaH' ( pA0 sU0 1 / 3 / 1 ) sUtra ke antargata dhAtu kA lakSaNa - vicAra 1. draSTavya - durgAcArya kI vyAkhyA ( 119 ) /

Page #58
38 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana karate hue pataJjali 'kriyAvacano dhAtuH' isa vArtika kA uddharaNa dete haiM, jisake anusAra kriyA ke bodhaka zabda ko dhAtu kahate haiM / kriyA, IhA, ceSTA yA vyApAraye samAnArthaka zabda haiM / kriyA piNDa-rUpa meM pratyakSapramANa ke dvArA nirdiSTa nahIM kI jA sakatI, kriyA kA anumAna hI ho sakatA hai| anumAna kA svarUpa yaha hai ki sabhI sAdhanoM ke prastuta rahane para ( Indhana, agni, pAtra, jala, rasoiyA ityAdi ke hone para ) bhI jisakI anupasthiti ke kAraNa 'pacati' kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA tathA inake rahane para jisakI upasthiti meM 'pacati' kA prayoga ho sakatA hai-vahI ceSTA yA vyApAra-kriyA hai| isa prakAra usa anumAnagamya kriyA ke kAraNa hI 'pacati' kA prayoga sambhava yA asambhava hotA hai / yaha kriyA hI hai jisake kAraNa devadatta abhI isa sthAna para hai aura kucha samaya ke bAda pATaliputra meM milatA hai| yadi kriyA nahIM hotI to eka hI vastu kA do sthAnoM meM pAyA jAnA anupapanna ho jaataa| isa prakAra kriyA kA sAmAnya lakSaNa hai ki isakA prayoga 'karoti' ke samAna sthAnoM meM hotA hai ( karotinA sAmAnAdhikaraNyam ) / jaise--kiM karoti ? pacati / kiM kariSyati ? pakSyati ityAdi / sAmAnyatayA sabhI kriyAe~ 'karoti' ke sAtha sambandha rakhatI haiM / isase niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki kriyA mukhyatayA vyApAra ke artha meM hI hotI hai / kintu kucha kriyAoM ke sAtha uparyukta 'karoti' arthAt vyApAra kA prayoga nahIM ho sakatA; jaise-asti, bhavati, vartate, viyate ityAdi / kyA ye kriyAe~ nahIM haiM ? yadi haiM to 'karoti' ke samAnAdhikaraNa nahIM haiM; kyoMki 'kiM karoti' ke uttara meM koI bhI 'asti' nahIM kahatA / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki inameM kisI prakAra ke vyApAra kA bodha nahIM hotaa| honA aura karanA do bhinna sthitiyoM ke dhAtu haiM / 'asti' kAla-nirapekSa sattAbodhaka tathA niSkriya sthiti kI kriyA hai, jaba ki 'karoti' kAla-sApekSa tathA vyApArabodhaka kriyA hai / ataeva ina 'as' Adi dhAtuoM ko antarbhUta karane ke lie dhAtu-lakSaNa ko badalanA pdd'egaa| isa para pataJjali dUsare vArtika kA uddharaNa dete haiM-'bhAvavacano dhAtuH / isakA artha hai ki bhAva yA sattAmAtra ke bodhaka zabda ko dhAtu kahate haiM / sattA se hameM kisI phala kI sattA kA bodha hotA hai| isIlie phala vidhimUlaka ho yA niSedhamUlaka ho-usakI sattA dhAtu meM rahatI hI hai| kucha kriyAoM ke niSedharUpa phala dikhalAyI par3ate haiM, jaise-nazyati / nAza kA artha hai-kisI kA adRzya ho jAnA / yaha adRzyatA bhI kisI-na-kisI kriyA kA hI phala hai / 'asti', 'bhavati' ityAdi kriyAoM kA isake viparIta vidhyAtmaka phala hai| vaha hai-sattA yA svarUpa-dhAraNa / jaba hama kahate haiM-'ghaTo'sti' to isakA yahI artha hotA hai ki ghaTa 1. mahAbhASya, bhAga 2, pR0 114 / 2. 'iha sarveSu sAdhaneSu sannihiteSu kadAcitpacatItyetad bhavati, kadAcinna bhavati / yasminsannihite pacatItyetad bhavati sA nUnaM kriyA / athavA, yayA devadatta iha bhUtvA pATaliputre bhavati, sA nUnaM kriyA' / -vahI, bhAga 2, pRSTha 115

Page #59
kriyA tathA kAraka svarUpa ko dhAraNa kiye hue hai / sabhI dhAtuoM kA tadanusAra 'bhavati' ke sAtha samAnAdhikaraNa-sambandha ho sakatA hai| jaise-kiM bhavati ? pacati athavA asti / isalie 'bhAva' zabda sabhI kriyAoM kA bodha karA sakatA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki dhAtu bhAva kA hI bodhaka hotA hai / yadi prathama vyAkhyA ke anusAra dhAtu ko kriyAvAcaka mAneM to bhI koI doSa nahIM / kaiyaTa bhI bhAva ko kriyAmAtra ke artha meM dikhalA cuke haiM, kyoMki bhAva aura kriyA eka hI hai| asti athavA sattA meM bhI uparyukta prakAra se svarUpadhAraNAtmaka vyApAra ( kriyA ) kA bodha hotA hI hai / kriyA kI niSpatti ke lie sAdhanoM ( yA kArakoM ) kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| ye sAdhana vibhinna paristhitiyoM meM vibhinna prakAra se kriyA kA upakAra karate haiM / pataJjali ke anusAra ina sAdhanoM kI pravRtti kA hI eka rUpa kriyA hai aura sAdhanoM kI pravRttiyoM meM paraspara bheda rahatA hai-odana kA pakAnA roTI ke pakAne se bhinna hai| tadanusAra kArakoM kI pravRttiyA~ alaga-alaga hotI haiM / isI prakAra 'asti' tathA 'mriyate' meM bheda hotA hai, kyoMki donoM kI niSpatti meM kArakoM kI pravRttiyoM meM bheda hotA hai| 'asti' meM kAraka-pravRtti AtmadhAraNa ke rUpa meM hotI hai to 'mriyate' meM AtmatyAga ke rUpa meN| pratyeka kriyA kI sthiti meM isa pravRtti-bheda ke kAraNa hI paraspara antara hotA hai--'asti' pRthak hai aura 'karoti' pRthaka / yaha satya hai ki donoM meM sAmAnya vyApAra hai, kintu unakI niSpatti karane vAle sAdhanoM kI pravRttiyA~ inake vyApAroM ko bhinna banAtI haiN| sattA yA sthiti kI kriyAtmakatA anumAna se pratipAdya hai| koI pUchatA hai ki devadatta kA roga kisa sthiti meM hai ? koI kahatA hai ki bar3ha rahA hai ( vardhate ), dUsarA kahatA hai ki ghaTa rahA hai ( apakSIyate ) aura tIsarA bolatA hai ki jyoM kA tyoM ( sthita ) hai| yahA~ 'sthita' kahane para 'vardhate' tathA 'apakSIyate' kI nivRtti (niSedha) hotI hai / kriyA kriyA kI nivRtti karatI hai kisI kI sattA kA artha hai-usakI vRddhi yA kSaya kA niSedha / ataH isa artha meM 'asti' kA kriyArUpatva saMgata hai| eka dUsare prakAra se bhI 'asti' kI kriyAtmakatA kA pratipAdana sambhava hai| yaha eka satya hai ki sabhI bhUta, bhaviSyat tathA vartamAna kAloM kI abhivyakti kriyA ke binA nahIM ho sakatI, sabhI kriyAoM ko kAlatraya kI abhivyakti karate dekhate haiM; jaise-apAkSIta, 1. 'AtmabharaNavacano bhavatiH' / -kaiyaTa : pradIpa 2, pR0 118 2. 'bhAvazabdaH kriyAmAtravAcI / tena pacAdInAmapi dhAtusaMjJA sidhyati, astibhavatividyatInAmapi, bhaavruupaarthaabhidhaayitvaat| -kayaTa : pradIpa 2, pR0 118 3. 'kArakANAM pravRttivizeSa: kriyaa| anyathA ca kArakANi zuSkodane pravartante, anyathA ca mAMsodane' / --mahAbhASya 2, pR0 123 / 'zuSkodane mandaprayatnaH pravartate, mAMsodane tu saMvegena' |--kaiytt 4. kaiyaTa, vhii|

Page #60
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana pazyati tathA pacati ke dvArA kramazaH ye kAla abhivyakta hote haiM / ' asti' Adi kriyAoM ke sAtha bhI aisI bAta dekhI jA sakatI hai; jaise - 'abhUt' kahane se atItakAlika sattA, 'bhaviSyati' kahane se bhaviSyatkAlika tathA 'asti' kahane se vartamAnakAlika sattA kA bodha hotA hai / ataeva kriyAntara ke dharma kA sAmAnya samanvaya dikhalAkara bhI 'asti' Adi kI kriyAtmakatA siddha ho sakatI' | pataMjali ne yaha bhI dikhalAyA hai ki 'karoti' kA 'asti' ke sAtha samAnAdhikaraNa hone meM kyoM kaThinAI hotI hai / sthiti yaha hai ki sattA kA pUrvajJAna nahIM hone ke kAraNa hama ki karoti' aisA prazna hI nahIM kara sakate ki 'asti' ke rUpa meM koI prativacana de sake / kisI ke astitva- jJAna ke anantara hI tadviSayaka 'kiM karoti' ke rUpa meM kiye gaye paryanuyoga kI sArthakatA hotI hai, usake sattAjJAna ke nimitta ukta prazna nahIM ho sakatA / yahIM para donoM kriyAoM ke paraspara samAnAdhikaraNa nahIM ho sakane kA bIja hai / aisI bAta nahIM ki 'asti' kriyA hI nahIM hai / 40 samanvaya isase niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki dhAtu kA lakSaNa hama 'kriyAvacana' kareM yA 'bhAvavacana' - donoM meM koI mahattvapUrNa antara nahIM / bhAva aura kriyA meM yadi antara hai to basa yahI ki kriyA parispandAtmaka hotI hai aura bhAva meM yaha parispanda gamyamAna nahIM rahatA / anyathA donoM eka hI haiM-bhAva kA kriyArUpa meM tathA kriyA kA bhAvarUpa meM grahaNa hotA hI hai 2 / artruate meM kriyA- vicAra bhartRhari ne vAkyapadIya ke sAdhana - samuddeza ( 37 ) meM kArakoM kA vivecana karane ke anantara kriyA kA vivecana kriyA-samuddeza ( 318) meM kiyA hai, jisameM 63 kArikAe~ haiM / utanA vistRta vivecana karanA na to yahA~ saMbhava hai, na apekSita hI / ataH hama yahA~ saMkSepa meM inake kriyA-viSayaka abhimata kA ullekha kareMge, jisase aitihAsika zrRMkhalA vicchinna na ho / yAska ke 'pUrvAparIbhUta' ko dhyAna meM rakhakara bhartRhari ne kriyA ke donoM lakSaNoM meM ( jo paraspara pUraka haiM ) krama ko bar3A mahattva diyA hai| unakA prathama lakSaNa hai 'yAvatsiddhamasiddhaM vA sAdhyatvenAbhidhIyate / AzritakramarUpatvAt sA kriyetyabhidhIyate // - vA0 pa0 3|8|1 isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki siddha ( bhUtakAla meM ) ho yA asiddha ( vartamAna tathA bhaviSyat kAloM meM ) - jitanA bhI phala tathA vyApAra sAdhya ke rUpa meM kahA jAtA hai vaha sabhI eka vizeSa pUrvApara-krama kA Azraya lene ke kAraNa 'kriyA' hai| yahA~ 'siddha' 1. mahAbhASya tathA kaiyaTa 2, pR0 124 / 2. 'parispandAparispandarUpatayA kriyAbhAvayorbhedenopanyAsaH' / - kaiTa, vahI

Page #61
kriyA tathA kAraka isalie kahA gayA hai ki atIta kAla vAlI 'apaThat' ityAdi kriyAoM kA antarbhAva ho sake / vartamAna tathA bhaviSyat kI kriyAe~ to asiddha haiM hii| tathApi 'nAma' se kriyA kA yahI bheda hai ki kriyA kabhI bhI huI ho yA honevAlI ho-sadA sAdhya hI kahalAtI hai, kArakoM ke dvArA usakI siddhi hotI hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki kriyA meM avAntara vyApAroM ke krama kA Azraya liyA jAtA hai; nAma kI avasthA meM ve krama samApta ho cuke hote haiN| isakA udAharaNa hai-'dhvanati' tathA 'dhvaniH' / ghaNTA baja rahA hai ( dhvanati )-yahA~ kArya dhvani tathA kAraNa ghaNTA hai| donoM ke sambandha se krama kA Azraya liyA gayA hai| jaba krama kI nivRtti ho jAtI hai taba kahate haiM 'dhvaniH' / yaha nAma hai / isI prakAra 'zvetate' ( zvetarUpa meM prakAzita ho rahA hai )-aisA kriyAprayoga hotA hai, kintu siddha ho jAne para usakA 'zveta-guNa' kartRrUpa meM bhI vyavahRta hotA hai-zvetaH zvetate' / krama kA Azraya lene se kriyA ke ekatva meM bAdhA pahu~cane kI AzaMkA hotI hai, ataH bhartRhari ko isake nivAraNArtha dUsarI kArikA denI par3atI hai 'guNabhUtairavayavaH samUhaH kramajanmanAm / budhyA prakalpitAbhevaH kriyeti vyapadizyate' // -vA0pa0 3 / 8 / 4 ye kramavAn kSaNa eka phala ke uddezya se pravRtta hote haiM, ataeva saMkalana-buddhi se unake ekatva kI vyavasthA karake kriyA kA vyavahAra hotA hai| kriyA ke sabhI avayava usake ekatva ke prati guNIbhUta ( apradhAna ) rahakara krama se janma lete haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki kriyA kI ekAtmakatA surakSita rahatI hai| sattA-bodhaka 'asti' Adi kriyAoM kI ora bhI bhartahari kI dRSTi gayI hai| yaha satya hai ki sattA nitya, asAdhya tathA kramarahita ( eka ) hai 2 arthAt isa para kriyA kA uparyukta lakSaNa nahIM laga sakatA / isIlie ve kahate haiM 'kAlAnupAti yad rUpaM tavastItyanugamyate / paritastu paricchinnaM bhAva ityeva kathyate // -vA0pa0 3 / 8 / 12 vastusthiti yaha hai ki as-dhAtu ke hI 'AsIt, asti, bhaviSyati' ye tIna rUpa dikhalAyI par3ate haiM / kAla ke dvArA abhivyaMgya honA dravya kA nahIM, pratyuta kriyA kA dharma hai| 'ghaTa:' kahane se kAla-vizeSa kA bodha nahIM hotA, kintu 'asti' meM hotA hai| yadi kiM karoti' kA uttara 'asti' ke rUpa meM na mile to isake kriyA na hone kI AzaMkA nahIM karanI cAhie, kyoMki pataJjali kA uparyukta vizleSaNa to hai hI, isake atirikta jaba kisI ke vinAza kI AzaMkA se prazna kiyA jAya-'kiM karoti 1. vA0pa0 3 / 82 / 2. tulanIya, vaize0 sU0 1|2|17-'sditi liGgAvizeSAd vizeSaliGgAbhAvAccako bhaavH'|

Page #62
saMskRta - vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana devadattaH ?' to uttara meM yadi 'asti tAvat' kahA jAya to isake kriyAtva kA kauna nivAraNa karegA ? taba eka bAta avazya hai ki kR, bhU, as kA cUMki pratyeka dhAtu meM anvaya hotA hai, ataH ye kriyAsAmAnya haiM, 'pacati' Adi kriyA-vizeSa ke vAcaka haiM ' / 42 maNDanamizra : phala kI dhAtvarthatA suprasiddha mImAMsaka maNDana mizra kA dhAtvartha viSayaka vicAra vaiyAkaraNoM ke bIca atyadhika AlocanA kA viSaya rahA hai / ataeva unake tathAkathita ekAMgI mata kA nirUpaNa karanA Avazyaka hai / ve kahate haiM ki dhAtvartha kevala phala hI hai, vyApAra kA bodha to pratyaya se hotA hai / tadanusAra gam-dhAtu kA artha hai - uttara deza ke sAtha saMyoga kI prApti; jo nizcaya hI phala hai / dhAtu ke artha meM pratyaya vyApAra kA arthabodha karAte haiM aura taba pUrI kriyA se vyApAra sahita phala kA bodha hone lagatA hai / udAharaNArtha 'gacchati' kriyA meM gam tathA tip kramazaH phala aura vyApAra kA bodha karAte haiM, jisase hameM jJAna hotA hai ki eka vyakti vyApAra meM lagA hai ki vaha uttara deza ke saMyoga meM A sake / vyApAra kI samApti ho jAne para koI bhI pratyaya dhAtu meM nahIM jor3A jAtA / dhAtu ke phala kI aprAptAvasthA meM hI vyApAra- bodhaka pratyaya lagAye jAte haiM tathA isIlie phalaprApti ke lie vyApAra kI kalpanA bhI anivArya hai 2 / nAgeza dvArA AlocanA maNDana mizra ke uparyukta vicAra kA saMkSipta uddharaNa dekara nAgeza ne apanI laghumaMjUSA meM isakA vizada rUpa se khaNDana kiyA hai| unakI yuktiyoM kA sArAMza yaha hai-- ( 1 ) phalamAtra ko dhAtvartha mAnane para sarvaprathama pANini ke sUtra 'laH karmaNi ca bhAve cAkarmakebhyaH' ( 3 / 4 / 69 ) kA virodha hogA / isa sUtra meM lakAra ( tiGpratyaya ) kA artha batalAyA gayA hai, kintu yaha tanika bhI saMketita nahIM hotA ki una pratyayoM kA artha vyApAra bhI hai / ( 2 ) eka hI dhAtu meM vibhinna pratyaya lagAkara niSpanna hue vibhinna kriyArUpoM meM vyApAra kI bhinnatA mAnanI par3egI, jaise- pacati, pakSyati tathA pakvavAn - ina kriyAoM se phUtkAra ( phUMkanA ) Adi vyApAra kA jJAna kaise hogA ? nizcita rUpa se hameM vibhinna pratyayoM meM ukta vyApAra jJAna karAne ke lie zakti kI kalpanA karanI par3egI / pRthak-pRthak pratyayoM meM samAna vyApAra-bodha karAne ke lie alaga-alaga zakti mAnanI hogI - yaha anucita hai / isase kahIM acchA hai ki dhAtu meM zakti mAneM jisase eka hI zakti ke dvArA ukta vyApAra kA saralatayA samAna rUpa se bodha ho / 1. helArAja 318 / 12 kI vyAkhyA meM / 2. bhATTacintAmaNi, pR0 101 / 3. la0 ma0, pR0 533-34 /

Page #63
kriyA tathA kAraka 43 ( 3 ) yadi phUtkArAdi vyApAra pratyayArtha rakhe jAte haiM to 'pacati' ke samAna 'gacchati' meM bhI samAna rUpa se tip pratyaya hone ke kAraNa phUtkArAdi vyApAroM kI pratIti hogii| yadi isa asaMgati se bacane ke lie kaheM ki pacAdi dhAtuoM ke samabhivyAhAra ( sahoccAraNa ) sthala meM hI pratyaya kA artha phUtkArAdi hai to kalpanA - gaurava hogA / yadi pacAdi dhAtu hI phUtkAra ke prayojaka haiM to vyApAra kA bodha karAne ke lie dhAtugata zakti mAnane meM kyA Apatti hai ? vaiyAkaraNoM ke mata meM dhAtu-bheda se vyApAra-bheda hotA hai, ataH ukta 'pacati' tathA 'gacchati' kriyAoM ke vyApAra-bheda kI upapatti meM koI visaMgati nahIM ho sakatI / ( 4 ) phalamAtra ko dhAtvartha mAnane se sakarmaka tathA akarmaka ke vyavahAra kA uccheda ho jAyagA | svArtha . ( dhAtvartha ) ke rUpa meM sthita vyApAra ke adhikaraNa se bhinna adhikaraNa meM rahanevAle phala kA vAcaka sakarmaka hotA hai aura svArtha ( dhAtvarthaM ) ke rUpa meM sthita vyApAra ke adhikaraNa ( AdhAra, Azraya ) meM hI sthita phala kA vAcaka akarmaka hotA hai / yahI donoM kriyAoM ke vyavahAra kA mUla hai / yadi vyApAra dhAtvartha nahIM rahe to aisA vyavahAra nahIM ho sakegA / mImAMsaka sakarmaka akarmaka ke vyavahAra kI rakSA ke lie naye lakSaNa dete haiM / unake mata meM pratyayArtha-bhUta vyApAra se bhinna adhikaraNa vAle phala kA vAcaka sakarmaka hai tathA pratyayArtha-bhUta vyApAra ke adhikaraNa meM hI rahane vAle phala kA vAcaka akarmaka hai / ve loga pratyayArtha-rUpa vyApAra ke Azraya ko kartA samajhate haiM / punaH ve kaheMge ki 'ghaTaM bhAvayati' meM Nic ke artha ( preraNAvyApAra ) ke adhikaraNa se bhinna adhikaraNavAle phala kA Azraya hone se 'ghaTa' karma hai / mImAMsaka isa kathana ke dvArA apane mata kI rakSA bhale hI kara leM, kintu isase eka dUsarI kaThinAI utpanna ho jAyegI / vaha yaha ki abhidhAna ( ukta honA ) tathA anabhidhAna ( anukta honA ) kI jo vyAkaraNazAstra meM eka nizcita vyavasthA hai, usakA uccheda ho jAyegA / cUMki tiG Azraya ke artha meM nahIM raha sakegA ( kyoMki vaha vyApArArthaka hai ) isalie 'tikRttaddhitasamAse: parisaGkhyAnam' isa vArtika kI parigaNanA ke anusAra vyApAra tathA phala ke AzrayabhUta kartA aura karma kA abhidhAna tiG-pratyaya nahIM kara sakegA / isake uttara meM mImAMsaka yaha kahate haiM ki pratyayArtha vyApAra se Azraya kA AkSepa hone se kartA abhihita hotA hai aura karmavAcaka tiGanta meM pradhAnIbhUta phala ke dvArA apane Azraya kA AkSepa hone se karma abhihita hotA hai / kintu aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki jisa prakAra jAti mAtra meM zakti mAnane para jAti se AkSipta vyakti hotA hai, usI prakAra mImAMsakoM ke matAnusAra vyApAra se AkSipta Azraya ( kartA yA karma ) kI pradhAnatA kriyA meM hone kA aniSTa prasaMga utpanna ho jAyegA / yAska ne 'bhAva - 1. paramalaghumaJjUSA, vaMzITIkA, pR0 49 /

Page #64
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana pradhAnamAkhyAtam' kahA hai aura ye loga Azraya ko pradhAna batalA rahe haiM / yaha vicitra asaMgati ho jaayegii| (5) yadi phala kI prApti dhAtu se ho jAya tathA vaha phala apane Azraya kI prApti AkSepa ke dvArA karA de taba to 'laH karmaNi' ( lakAra karma meM hote haiM )-isa sUtrAMza kI vyarthatA anivArya hI ho jAyegI, kyoMki jaba AkSepa se hI karma kA bodha ho jAtA haiM taba usameM lakAra ke vidhAna kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? (6) isI prakAra karma tathA kartA ke vAcaka kRt-pratyayoM ko kAraka evaM bhAvanA ( vyApAra ) donoM kA vAcaka mAneM to kalpanA-gaurava doSa hogA / mImAMsakoM kA dhAtu vyApAra kA bodha nahIM karAtA / vyApAra-bodha ke lie 'pAcaka' zabda meM usake anusAra Nvula-pratyaya kI zakti hai / aba pUche ki Nvula kina-kina padArthoM kA bodha karAyegA ? eka ora to vyAkaraNazAstra ne use kartA kA bodha karAne kA bhAra diyA hai / aba mImAMsaka kahate haiM ki tuma vyApAra kA bhI bodha kraao| isa prakAra kartA tathA vyApAra donoM meM usakI zakti mAnanA gaurava-doSa hai| (7) yadi ukta gaurava-doSa se bacane ke lie kRt-pratyayoM kI ubhaya-vAcakatA ( kAraka tathA vyApAra bodha karAne kI zakti ) nahIM svIkAra kareMge, taba eka dUsarA doSa A jAyegA / bhAva ( dhAtvartha ) ke artha meM jo ghaJ, lyuTa Adi pratyaya vihita haiM unameM yadi vyApAra kI vAcakatA nahIM mAnI jAye ( kyoMki mImAMsaka phalamAtra ko dhAtvartha mAnate haiM aura yahA~ dhAtvartha arthAt phala meM hI ghanAdi pratyaya hoMge-vyApAra unakA bodhya nahIM rahegA ) to 'grAmaH saMyogavAn' ke samAna 'grAmo gamanavAn' ke prayoga kI Apatti hogii| vastusthiti yaha hai ki ve loga vyApAra meM dhAtu kI zakti nahIM mAnate, isalie saMyogamAtra gam-dhAtu kA artha hogA / dUsarI ora yadi kRtpratyaya kI bhI vyApAra meM zakti nahIM rahegI to 'gamana' zabda meM lyuT-pratyaya vyApAra kA bodha nahIM karA sakegA aura jisa prakAra saMyoga kA Azraya hone para grAma ko saMyogavAn kahA jAtA hai, usI prakAra vizuddhaphala ke rUpa meM sthita gamana kA Azraya hone se grAma ko kadAcit gamanavAn bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| aba yadi ghaJ Adi pratyaya vyApAra kA bodha karAyeM taba to usa prayoga kA vAraNa bhale hI ho jAya, kintu vaha vyApAra apane AzratabhUta kartA ko abhihita kara degA, usameM prathamA vibhakti kI Apatti ho jAyegI aura 'sa gamanam' aisA aniSTa prayoga hone lgegaa| (8) mImAMsaka loga pratyaya kA artha vyApAra lete haiM to 'guruH ziSyAbhyAM pAcayati' meM ve pANini ke 'hetumati ca' ( 3 / 1 / 26 ) sUtra ke AdhAra para prayojaka ( preraNA denevAle-guru ) ke vyApAra ko Nica kA artha mAneMge / taba tiG ( AkhyAta ) kA artha prayojya ( ziSya ) kA hI vyApAra hogaa| aba samasyA uTha khar3I hogI ki saMkhyA 1. draSTavya-la0 ma0, pR0 531-32 / 2. draSTavya-paramalaghumaMjUSA, jyotsnA, pR0 94 /

Page #65
kriyA tathA kAraka kA anvaya to apane vAcaka tiDa ke arthabhUta vyApAra meM hI ho sakegA, kyoMki, yahI usakA anvayI hai / tiGa kA artha hai--ziSyoM kA vyApAra / ataH ekavacanarUpa tiG ke sAtha anvita ho sakane ke lie ziSya ( prayojya ) meM dvivacana nahIM ho skegaa| ziSya ke dvivacana ko bacAyeM to 'pAcayati' meM ekavacana asiddha hogaa| punaH guru kA abhidhAna tiGa dvArA nahIM hone se usameM prathamA vibhakti bhI nahIM hogii| aura dUsarI ora, ziSya kA tiGa dvArA abhidhAna hone se usameM prathamA hogii| isa prakAra vyApAra ko pratyayArtha mAnane para dopoM kI eka lambI zRMkhalA prakrAnta ho jAtI hai| dhAtvartha ke ekAGgI siddhAnta isa vizada vivecana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki mImAMsakoM kA yaha siddhAnta ki phala mAtra dhAtvartha hai -kabhI bhI mAnya nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki vaha dhAtu ke AMzika artha ko hI prakaTa karatA hai / mImAMsakoM ke samAna hI prAcIna naiyAyikoM kA siddhAnta bhI dhAtu ke AMzika artha ko svIkAra karatA hai| ve loga vyApAra mAtra meM dhAtu kI zakti svIkAra karate haiM tathA phala ko karma-pratyaya kA artha mAnate haiN| isa mata meM bhI usI prakAra sabhI asaMgatiyA~ upasthita hoMgI jisa prakAra phala ko dhAtvartha mAnane para hotI haiN| nAgeza ne isakI bhI sabala samAlocanA kI hai| prAcIna naiyAyikoM ke mata kI asaMgati dikhalAne ke lie hama do udAharaNa leM'rAmo grAmaM gacchati' tathA 'rAmo grAmaM tyajati', prathama udAharaNa meM rAma kA kisI sthAna se vibhAga hokara grAma se saMyoga hotA hai aura dUsare udAharaNa meM usakA grAma se vibhAga hokara dUsare kisI sthAna se saMyoga hotA hai| pahalI sthiti meM rAmagata vyApAra anivAryatayA saMyogarUpa hI nahIM vibhAgarUpa bhI ho sakatA hai, kyoMki rAma jahA~ khar3A thA usa deza se usakA vibhAga rUpa vyApAra to hotA hI hai| usI prakAra 'grAmaM tyajati' meM rAmagata vyApAra na kevala vibhAgarUpa hI hai, pratyuta saMyoga rUpa bhI hai / phalasvarUpa gam-dhAtu kA artha vibhAga tathA tyaj-dhAtu kA artha saMyoga bhI hone lagegA / yaha spaSTa rUpa se unakA asaMgata artha hai / ataH vyApAramAtra ko dhAtvartha mAnanA ucita nahIM, kyoMki uparyukta sthitiyoM meM tyAga aura gamana meM koI antara nahIM raha jAyegA arthAt donoM meM samAna vyApAra hone se ye paryAya kahe jaayeNge| yadi uttara meM naiyAyika kahe ki yahA~ phala se avacchinna vyApAra kA bodha hotA hai to ve sarvatra sabhI dhAtuoM meM aisA kyoM nahIM mAnate ? 1. la0 ma0, pR0 535 / tulanIya--'kriyAmAtraM ( kevalaM vyApAramAtraM ) dhAtvarthaH / phalaM tu karmapratyayena bodhyate iti prAJco ratnakozakRtprabhRtaya AhuH' ( tattvacintAmaNi ) / -nyA0 ko0, pR0 391 para uddhRta 2. la0 ma0, pR0 535-36 / 3. 'grAmaM gacchatItyatra vibhAgasya, tyajatItyatra saMyogasya bodhaaptteH'| -la0 ma0, pR0 535 5saM0

Page #66
46 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana gatyarthakarma meM dvitIyA tathA caturthI kA ( yathA--grAmaM grAmAya vA gacchati ), lyapa-pratyaya kA lopa hone para karma meM paMcamI kA ( yathA-prAsAdAt prekSate ) tathA in-pratyaya se sambaddha kta-pratyayAnta ke karma meM saptamI kA ( yathA-adhItI vyAkaraNe) isa prakAra ke vidhAna hue haiM / naiyAyikoM ko phala kA bodha karane ke lie ina anekAneka supa aura tiG vibhaktiyoM meM zakti kI kalpanA karanI pdd'egii| vibhinna dhAtuoM ke samabhivyAhAra ko phalabodha kA prayojaka mAnanA par3egA, jaise gam-dhAtu ke samabhivyAhAra ( upasthiti ) meM saMyogarUpa phala kA honA / yaha kalpanA-gaurava hai / isase to acchA hai ki dhAtu meM hI phalabodhakatA-zakti svIkAra kara leN| yadi 'pacyate taNDulaH svayameva' aisA karmakartRvAcya kA prayoga ho taba to phala ko dhAtuvAcya mAnanA hI hogaa| naiyAyika phala ko karmapratyaya kA artha batalAte haiM / yahA~ viklittirUpa phala kA Azraya taNDula vyApAra ke Azraya ke rUpa meM bhI vivakSita hai, usakA abhidhAna bhI ho rahA hai / ataH dhAtu phala aura vyApAra donoM kA bodha karA rahA hai| ___ isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki kevala vyApAra yA kevala phala ko dhAtvartha mAnane vAle mata ekAMgI haiN| vAstava meM vyApAra aura phala ko pRthak nahIM rakhA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki ve donoM hI dhAtu ke artha haiN| phala ke binA vyApAra thA vyApAra ke binA phala kI kalpanA nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki vaisA karane se ve nirarthaka ho jAyeMge / donoM kA saMyoga hone para hI dhAtu kA pUrA artha vyakta hotA hai| inheM paraspara vizeSaNa tathA vizeSya ke rUpa meM rakhA jAtA hai / vyApAra tathA phala ke madhya kauna vizeSaNa hogA aura kauna vizeSya-yaha vAcya-prayoga para nirbhara karatA hai| kartRvAcya meM vyApAra ko pradhAnatA kartRvAcya meM, jahA~ kartA abhihita hotA hai, dhAtu ke artha meM vyApAra vizeSya evaM phala / zeSaNa rahatA hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki phala kartR-pratyaya ke samabhivyAhAra ke sthala meM usase sambaddha dhAtu ke artha ( vyApAra-vizeSyaka artha ) se utpanna hotA hai / tadanusAra yahA~ 'phalAnukUla vyApAra' aisA dhAtvartha hogaa| udAharaNArtha gamdhAtu kA artha yadi kartRvAcya ke sthala meM vyakta karanA ho to kaheMge-uttaradeza saMyoga ke anukUla pAda-prakSepa Adi vyApAra / paca-dhAtu ke kartRvAcya meM 'rAmaH pacati' kA isIlie bodha hotA hai-'rAmAbhinnakartRkAnaviklityanukalaH sthaalydhishrynnaadivyaapaarH'| isameM vyApAra kA adhika mahattva rahatA hai / hama dekhate haiM ki sthAlI kA adhizrayaNa ( cUlhe para rakhanA ) Adi vyApAra pahale hotA hai, taba anna kI komalatArUpa phala prApta hotA hai / kartRvAcya meM kartA kA abhidhAna yA prAdhAnya hotA hai aura vahI kartA vyApAra kA Azraya hotA hai| isa prakAra kartRvAcya meM vyApAra kI pradhAnatA hotI hai evaM paravartI hone ke kAraNa phala apradhAna yA guNIbhUta ho jAtA hai| kintu 1. 'phalatvaM ca kartRpratyayasamabhivyAhAre taddhAtvarthajanyatve sati taddhAtvarthaniSThavizeSyatAnirUpitaprakAratAvattvam / - ma0, pR0 540

Page #67
kriyA tathA kAraka 47 yaha bhI satya hai ki usI phala kI prApti ke uddezya se ( anukUla ) vyApAra kiyA jAtA hai, donoM ko pRthak karanA kaThina hai / karmavAcya meM phala kI pradhAnatA karmavAcya meM pradhAnatA kA yaha niyama vyutkrama ho jAtA hai / isameM vyApAra ko vizeSaNa rakhakara phala ko vizeSya-bhAva prApta hotA hai, kyoMki phala kA Azraya karma isameM abhihita rahatA hai| isa sthiti meM dhAtu kA artha phalAvacchinna vyApAra na rahakara vyApArAvacchinna phala ho jAtA hai| vaise dhAtu donoM kA bodha karAne meM samartha hai, kintu vAcyabheda se kartRpratyaya yA karmapratyaya ke dvArA unake prAdhAnya-aprAdhAnya kA nirNaya hotA hai / lokAnubhava se pramANita hone ke kAraNa isameM gaurava-doSa nahIM hotaa| ataeva karmavAcya ke udAharaNa--'rAmeNodanaH pacyate' meM paca-dhAtu kA artha badalA huA hai| yaha pradhAnatayA vyApAra ke artha meM nahIM hai| anna-viklittirUpa phala kI isameM pradhAnatA hone se vyApAra gauNa ho gayA hai| vaktA kA sArA dhyAna odana ke pariNAma para kendrIbhUta hai, vyApAra ko vaha mahattva nahIM de rahA hai| kintu vyApAra usase alaga nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki phala kI vyApArajanyatA suspaSTa hai| isIlie isake zAbdabodha meM hama kahate haiM-rAmAbhinnakako yo vyApAraH tajjanyA ovanAbhinnakakarmaniSThA viklittiH| yahA~ odana ko saMkalita rUpa se ekatva-saMkhyA se viziSTa mAnakara tiG se anvaya kiyA gayA hai / yaha bAta nahIM ki vaha taNDula kA eka hI dAnA pakA rahA hai| zAbdabodha vaiyAkaraNa tathA navyanaiyAyika donoM hI dhAtu kI zakti phala tathA vyApAra donoM meM svIkAra karate haiM, kintu vaiyAkaraNa viziSTa zakti ( phala-viziSTa vyApAra yA vyApAra-viziSTa phala ) ke dvArA donoM ko jahA~ dhAtubodhya samajhate haiM, vahA~ gadAdhara prabhRti naiyAyika pRthak zakti mAtra se una donoM ko dhAtubodhya mAnate haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki dhAtu kI phalabodhikA zakti pRthak hai aura vyApAra-bodhikA pRthak hai| nAgeza ne isa mata kA pUrNa vivecana laghumaMjUSA meM kiyA hai / naiyAyikoM tathA vaiyAkaraNoM ke zAbdabodha meM to antara hai hii| vaiyAkaraNoM ke anusAra uparyukta zAbdabodha meM kriyA kI vizeSyatA hama dekha cuke haiN| unakA zAbdabodha isIlie kriyAmukhyavizeSyaka kahA jAtA hai / naiyAyikoM ke zAbdabodha meM prathamAnta zabda se bodhita artha kI vizeSyatA 1. 'karmapratyayasamabhivyAhAre tu phalasya vishessytaa'| -la0 ma0, pR0 541 2. 'tasmAtphalAvacchinne vyApAre vyApArAvacchinne phale ca dhAtUnAM zaktiH / kartRkarmArthakatattatpratyayasamabhivyAhArazca tattadbodhe niyAmakaH / gauravaM ca prAmANikatvAnna dossaavhm| -la0 ma0, pR0 543 3. la. ma0, pR. 540 /

Page #68
saMskRta - vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana hotI hai, arthAt prathamAntArthamukhyavizeSyaka bodha hotA hai / 'rAma: odanaM pacati' isa kartRvAcyastha vAkya kA zAbdabodha hogA - 'odanavRtti - viklittyanukUla vyApArAnukUla - kRtimAn ekatvaviziSTo devadattaH' / yahI vAkya yadi karmavAcya meM ho jAya to 'odana' prathamAnta ho jAyegA tathA vaha vizeSya ke rUpa meM rahegA --- 'rAmasamavetA yA kRti: tajjanyo yo vyApAraH tajjanyA yA viklittiH tadAzraya ekatvaviziSTa odanaH ' / naiyAyikoM kA mukhya abhiniveza pratyayArtha ke nirUpaNa meM hai / vaiyAkaraNoM meM vAcyAnusAra kriyAmukhya- vizeSyaka zAbdabodha ko spaSTa karane kI rIti hai / ataH katavAcya meM vyApAramukhya- vizeSyaka bodha aura karmavAcya meM phalamukhya- vizeSyaka bodha hotA hai / 48 sakarmaka tathA akarmaka dhAtu kA artha isa prakAra vAcya parivartana ke mUla meM phala tathA vyApAra ke mahattva kA yaha parivartana hI kAma karatA hai / kintu aisA kabhI nahIM hotA ki ve eka-dUsare ko tyAga deN| donoM kA avicchedya sambandha hai, donoM hI milakara dhAtvartha hote haiM / vAcyoM kI vibhinnatA ke kAraNa unake mahattva meM antara AtA hai / koI dhAtu isIlie sakarmaka kahalAtA hai ki phala tathA vyApAra bhinna adhikaraNoM meM rahate haiM / pac-dhAtu sakarmaka hai, kyoMki phala ( viklitti ) tathA vyApAra ( agni prajvAlana Adi ) rUpa dharma ke dharmI (Azraya ) pRthak-pRthak haiM / vyApAra to pAkakartA meM hai, kintu phala odanAdi karma meM sthita hai / yadyapi phala tathA vyApAra-ye donoM eka hI dhAtu ke artha haiM, kintu inake Azraya ( yA adhikaraNa ) bhinna-bhinna hote haiM / vyApAra kA Azraya phala ke Azraya se bhinna hai / sakarmaka dhAtuoM kI yahI vizeSatA hai / ina dhAtuoM kI sthiti meM yaha Azraya-bheda hI phala yA vyApAra ke mahattva-bheda ko sambhava banAtA hai / yadi donoM kA zraya eka hI hotA, jaisA ki akarmaka dhAtuoM kI sthiti meM hotA hai, to ukta mahattva da kabhI sambhava hI nahIM hotA / akarmaka dhAtu vaha hai jisameM dhAtu ke phala aura vyApAra kA Azraya eka hI padArtha hotA hai; jaise - zI ( zayana karanA ), lajj ( lajAnA ) Adi / yahA~ netranimIlana, pAdaprasAraNa, pakSaparivartana Adi zayana-kriyA ke vyApAra to usake kartA meM nihita haiN| hI, usake phala ke rUpa meM jo zrAnti kI upalabdhi hotI hai vaha bhI usI kartA meM hai / 'devadatto bhavati ( utpadyate ityarthaH ) ' yahA~ bhU-dhAtu kA utpatti rUpa phala tathA bahinisaraNarUpa vyApAra - ye donoM devadatta meM hI sthita haiM / nAgezabhaTTa kA kathana hai ki kabhI-kabhI eka dUsare prakAra se vyApAramAtra ke vAcaka dhAtu ko akarmaka kahA jAtA hai, jaise- 'asti' / yahA~ kevala sattA hI artha hai, sUkSma dRSTi se bhI phalAMza kI pratIti 1. nyAyakoza, pR0 392 / 2. ' phalavyApArayorekaniSThatAyAmakarmakaH / , dhAtustayordhamabhede sakarmaka udAhRtaH // 3. pa0 la0 ma0, pR0 178 / -ao 0 bhU0, kArikA 13

Page #69
kriyA tathA kAraka nahIM hotii| kintu isase dhAtvartha-viSayaka vaiyAkaraNa-siddhAnta khaNDita nahIM hotaa| hama yaha kaheM ki phala-viziSTa vyApAra kA vAcaka akarmaka hai / yadyapi sAmAnyarUpa se sakarmaka dhAtu phala aura vyApAra kI samAnAdhikaraNatA hone se hI hotA hai, kintu nAgeza sakarmaka dhAtu ko pAribhASika se adhika yaugika mAnate haiM / unake anusAra sakarmaka vaha nahIM hai jisa dhAtu ke uccAraNa ke bAda karma kI AkAMkSA niyata ho| 'gacchati' Adi meM usakI AkAMkSA nahIM hone para bhI sakarmakatA hotI hai / yaha lakSaNa bhI ThIka nahIM hai ki akarmaka se bhinna dhAtuoM ko sakarmaka kahate haiM, kyoMki sakarmaka dhAtu bhI kaI sthitiyoM meM akarmaka hote dekhe jAte haiM / taba sakarmaka kyA hai ? isa zAstra ( pANini-vyAkaraNa ) meM pratipAdita karma saMjJAvAle padArthoM se anvita kriyA hI sakarmaka hai| jo kriyA usase anvita nahIM hai vaha akarmaka hai / isI se 'adhyAsitA bhUmayaH' jaise prayoga upapAdya haiM / isameM 'adhizIsthAsAM karma' ( pA0 sU0 1 / 4 / 46 ) sUtra ke anusAra bhUmirUpa AdhAra ko karmasaMjJA huI hai / vaha karmavAcaka 'kta'-pratyaya ke dvArA abhihita bhI huA hai| tadanusAra adhi+As sakarmaka dhAtu hai| sakarmaka ke dUsare lakSaNoM ke dvArA isa karmavAcyaprayoga kI siddhi sambhava nahIM hai| karmavAcya cUMki sakarmaka dhAtuoM se hI hotA hai, ataH adhi+As ko sakarmaka mAnanA Avazyaka hai aura yaha bhI tabhI sambhava hai jaba nAgeza kA uparyukta sakarmakatva-lakSaNa mAnA jAya / isI prakAra 'prAsAdo'dhiSThitaH adhizayyate' ityAdi prayoga bhI karmavAcya meM isI lakSaNa ke bala para hote haiM / niSkarSataH 'karmaNA saha vartate iti sakarmakaH' isa yaugika artha meM hI sakarmaka kA artha honA caahie| ___isa prasaMga meM yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki kabhI-kabhI bAhya karma kI sattA hone para bhI dhAta akarmaka kahalAtA hai / isase jJAta hotA hai ki bAhya ( sthUla ) karma kA rahanA hI sakarmakatA kA niyAmaka nahIM hai| isase nAgeza ke mata kA mahattva samajha meM AtA hai / bhartahari akarmaka dhAtu ke niyAmaka tattvoM kA nirUpaNa isa prakAra karate haiM dhAtorAntare vRtterdhAtvarthenopasaGgrahAt / prasiddharavivakSAtaH karmaNo'mikA kriyA // -vA0pa0 317 / 88 isa kArikA ke anusAra adholikhita cAra paristhitiyoM meM akarmaka kriyA hotI hai ( 1 ) arthAntara meM dhAtu kI vRtti-jaba koI dhAtu apane prasiddha artha ko chor3akara kisI bhinna artha meM vartamAna ho to karma ke samanvaya se rahita kriyA vAcyarUpa meM 1. pa0 la0 ma0, vaMzI, pR0 54 / 2. 'vastutastvetacchAstrIyakarmasaMjJakAryAnvayyarthakatvaM sakarmakatvam / tdnnvyyrthktvmkrmktvm'| -la0 ma0, pR0 566 tathA 68 3. 'kvacitpunarvastuto bAhyakarmasadbhAve'pyakarmakavyapadezo bhavatItyAha' / -helArAja, vA0 pa0 3, pR0 303

Page #70
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana pratIta hotI hai / jaise--'vahati' kriyA kA prasiddha artha hai-'dUsare sthAna meM pahuMcA denA' / isa artha meM yaha sakarmaka hai; yathA-'bhRtyo bhAraM vahati, vArivAhaH' ityAdi / kintu yadi yahI syandana (pravAhita honA ) kriyA kA bodha karAye to ise akarmaka kaheMge; yathA-'nadI vahati' / yahA~ 'kim' isa prazna kA uttara nahIM mila sakatA ( kimitvanuyogAbhAvAdakarmakaH-helArAja ) / (2) dhAtvartha meM karma kA antarbhAva-jaba kisI kriyA ke antargata hI karma kA samAveza ho jAya aura usakA patA na cale taba isa karmarahita kriyA ko akarmaka hI kahate haiM; jaise-jIvati / yaha kriyA isalie akarmaka hai kyoMki isake vAstavika artha 'prANAn dhArayati' meM sthita prANarUpa karma isI meM samAviSTa ho gayA hai / isI prakAra 'prANAn jahAti' ke karma kA upasaMgraha ( antarbhAva ) karane vAlI kriyA 'mriyate' akarmaka hai| 'nRtyati' ( = gAtraM vikSipati ) tathA 'asti' ( AtmAnaM bibharti ) bhI isI prakAra akarmaka haiN| ( 3 ) prasiddhi-kabhI-kabhI aise vyavahAra dekhe jAte haiM ki jahA~ ( jina dhAtuoM meM ) nirapavAda rUpa se ( avyabhicAreNa ) nizcita karma kI pratIti ho rahI ho kintu vahA~ akarmaka hai, kyoMki usakA karma atyanta prasiddha rahatA hai; jaise-varSati / sabhI jAnate haiM ki isakA kartA megha ( devaH ) hai tathA karma atyanta prasiddha jala hai / isI se isameM kartavAcya vAle kta-pratyaya kA prayoga hotA hai-vRSTo devaH / isI kriyA meM jaba kisI aprasiddha karma kA nirdeza karate haiM taba vaha sakarmaka ho jAtI hai; yathA-rudhiraM varSati, zarAn varSati / sAtha hI karmavAcya vAle kta-pratyaya kA bhI prayoga hotA haipAMsavo vRSTAH / (4) karma kI avivakSA-kahIM-kahIM kriyA ke sAtha karma kA sambandha vidyamAna rahane para bhI vaktA isalie use prakaTa karanA nahIM cAhatA kyoMki use kevala kriyA kA pratipAdana abhipreta rahatA hai / vahA~ bhI kriyA akarmaka hotI hai; yathA--neha pacyate, neha bhujyate / kriyA kA pratiSedhamAtra abhipreta rahane se bhAvavAcya meM lakAra huA hai| isI prakAra 'dIkSito na dadAti, na pacati, na juhoti', 'hitAnna yaH saMzRNute' (kirAtArjunIya 1 / 4 ) ityAdi meM karma avivakSita hai| yahA~ 'kim' kI apekSA hai hI nahIM, kyoMki kriyA ke pratiSedha meM hI sampUrNa zakti lagI huI hai| yahI vaktA kA tAtparya hai| pANini ne 'laH karmaNi ca bhAve cAkarmakebhyaH' ( pA0 sU0 3 / 4 / 69 ) meM sakarmaka tathA akarmaka dhAtuoM ke vAcyoM kI vyavasthA kI hai| sakarmaka dhAtuoM se jahA~ kartRvAcya aura karmavAcya ( sAtha hI karmakartRvAcya bhI ) hote haiM, akarmaka dhAtuoM se kartRvAcya evaM bhAvavAcya hote haiM / akarmaka meM karma hotA hI nahIM jisase phala kA Azraya hokara lakAra ke dvArA abhihita ho ske| karmavAcya ke sthAna para usameM bhAvavAcya hotA hai, jisameM dhAtvarthamAtra kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| inake nimnAMkita udAharaNa haiM 1. helArAja, vhiiN|

Page #71
kriyA tathA kAraka sakarmaka dhAtu kA kartRvAcya - sa odanaM pacati / karmavAcya - tenodanaH pacyate / 31 karmakartRvAcya - odanaH pacyate ( svayameva ) / " akarmaka dhAtu kA kartRvAcya -- sa tiSThati / bhAvavAcya - tena sthIyate / 51 "" yaha spaSTa hai ki karmavAcya tathA bhAvavAcya kI ekarUpatA rahatI hai tathA inake kriyApadoM meM yak, ciN Adi pratyaya hote haiM / kintu eka bar3A antara yaha hai ki karmavAcya meM liGga, vacana tathA puruSa se viziSTa karma kA abhidhAna hone se dhAtu karmAnusAra pratyaya kA parivartana yA grahaNa karate haiM, jabaki bhAvavAcya meM bhAvamAtra kA abhidhAna hone se pratyaya sadA ekarUpa rahate haiM / isameM pratyaya sadA prathamapuruSa ( tiGa - mAtra meM ), napuMsakaliGga ( kRt - mAtra meM ) tathA ekavacana ( ubhayatra ) meM rahate haiM; jaise - tena sthIyate, sthitam / hA~, kAla kA prabhAva isa para bhI avazya par3atA hai jisase bhAvavAcya ke rUpa bhI vibhinna lakAroM meM ho sakate haiM -- tena abhAvi ( luG ), bhUyatAm ( loT ), bhUyeta ( liG ) ityAdi / abhUyata (laG ), tiG pratyaya kA artha - nyAya tathA vyAkaraNa ke siddhAnta pUrNa kriyA kA rUpa dene ke lie dhAtu meM kucha pratyaya lagAye jAte haiM; jaise - tiGa tathA tavyat kta Adi kRt' / inake atirikta san yaG Adi pratyaya lagAkara dhAtu ko punaH dhAtu banAyA jAtA hai / inheM pratyayAnta dhAtu kahate haiM, kyoMki dhAtuoM tathA anya zabdoM se ina pratyayoM ke lagAne para unheM dhAtusaMjJA hI hotI hai 2 / mUla dhAtu tathA pratyayAnta dhAtu ke arthoM meM bahuta antara hotA hai / jisa prakAra dhAtu ke artha ke viSaya meM darzanoM meM aneka mata pracalita haiM, usI prakAra pratyayoM ke arthoM ko lekara bhI 1. kucha kRt-pratyayoM kA prayoga kriyA ke rUpa meM hotA hai; yathA - tena gantavyam, sa gataH, gatavAn / kintu adhikAMza kRt-pratyaya vibhinna kArakoM ke artha meM dhAtu se lagAye jAte haiM; jaise - 1. kartA meM Nvul, tRc, aN, ka, lyu, Nini, ac Adi sAmAnya kRt-pratyaya ( kartari kRt - 3 | 4 | 67 ) / kucha sthitiyoM meM kta pratyaya bhI kartA ke artha meM hotA hai / 2. karma meM ( aura bhAva ) lagane vAle kRtya, kta khalartha pratyaya haiM ( 3 / 4 / 70 ) / 3. karaNa meM tathA adhikaraNa meM lyuT pratyaya kA prayoga hotA hai / isake atirikta ktin, ghaJ ityAdi ke samAna yaha bhAva ke artha meM ( dhAtvarthamAtra meM ) bhI hotA hai / ' kRtyalyuTo bahulam' ( 3|3|113 ) ke anusAra anya kArakoM meM bhI kRtya tathA tyuT ke prayoga hote haiM - snAnIyaM cUrNam / dAnIyo vipraH / 4. sampradAna meM dAza ( ac ) tathA goghna ( Tak ) zabdoM kA tathA 5 apAdAna meM bhIma ( mak ) Adi zabdoM ( kRdantoM ) kA nipAtana hotA hai / tumun, ktvA Adi pratyaya kAlika prabhRti arthoM meM hote haiM / kriyArthA, pUrva 2. 'sanAdyantA dhAtava:' ( pA0 sU0 3 / 1 / 22 ) /

Page #72
52 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana vipratipattiyAM haiM / nyAya, mImAMsA Adi zAstroM meM tiG pratyayoM ko AkhyAta kahA jAtA hai, kintu vyAkaraNa meM yAska kI paramparA ke anusAra dhAtu tathA tiG donoM kA saMyukta rUpa ( tiGanta ) hone para use AkhyAta kahate haiM / phira bhI pUrvokta zAstroM meM AkhyAtArtha-nirUpaNa meM tiGa ke hI artha kA vicAra hotA hai| mImAMsaka-pravara maNDanamizra ke anusAra phala dhAtvartha hai tathA vyApAra AkhyAtArtha / isakI vistRta samIkSA Upara kI jA cukI hai| naiyAyika loga kRti ko AkhyAtArtha mAnate haiM / kRti kA artha hai-prANadhArI kA prayatna / tadanusAra kriyAoM kA sAmAnya sambandha 'karoti' se hai, jinheM sampAdita karanevAlA avazya hI koI prANadhArI honA cAhie; yathA--caitraH odanaM pacati / isa prakAra sabhI kriyAoM kA prANadhArI se sambandha rahane ke kAraNa kriyAgata vyApAra ko dhAraNa karanevAle kartA meM prANitva Avazyaka hai| moTara jA rahA hai, phUla khilatA hai-aise vAkyoM meM aprANI para kartRtva kA lAkSaNika prayoga unheM mAnanA par3atA hai| vaiyAkaraNoM ko amAnya hai ki acetana kartA nahIM ho sktaa| isakA vizada vivecana hama kartA-kAraka kI vivecanA vAle adhyAya meM kreNge| nyAya ke isa vicAra kA bIja unake kAraNatAvAda meM hai| unake anusAra saMsAra ke paramANuoM meM gati nahIM hai / jaba taka Izvara yA adRSTa kI bAhya-zakti se kriyA kA grahaNa nahIM hotA, unameM gati nahIM aatii| aprANI meM gati bAhara se hI AtI hai, kyoMki kevala AtmA meM hI gati hotI hai| vaizeSika-darzana meM utkSepaNAdi karmoM kI pRSThabhUmi meM isIlie AtmA kA sambandha batalAyA gayA hai| utkSepaNa-karma meM 'muzalamutkSipAmi' isa icchA se janita prayatna dvArA prayatnayukta AtmA ke saMyogarUpa asamavAyikAraNa se hAtha meM utkSepaNa-kriyA hotI hai / taba utkSepaNa se viziSTa hastanodana rUpa asamavAyikAraNa se muzala meM bhI utkSepaNa utpanna hotA hai / jahA~ icchA yA prayatna kAraNa na ho kintu saMskAramAtra se muzala Upara uThatA ho, vahA~ lAkSaNika rUpa se utkSepaNa kA vyavahAra hotA hai / isI prakAra anuloma-pratiloma vAyu ke saMgharSa se tRNAdi padArtha kA athavA do jaladhArAoM ke saMgharSa se jala kA uchalanA bhI lAkSaNika rUpa se utkSepaNa hai| naiyAyikoM ke dvArA svIkRta 'kRti AkhyAtArtha hai' isa siddhAnta kA sIdhA sambandha kartA ke caitanya se hai / acetana ke kartRtva meM unheM nirUDha lakSaNA mAnanI par3atI hai / 1. 'AkhyAtapadena tiGantasyaiva grahaNam'--isameM yAska kA 'bhAvapradhAnamAkhyAtam' tathA pANini-taMtra kA 'AkhyAtamAkhyAtena kriyAsAtatye' ( gaNasUtra ) pramANa hai| -50 la0 ma0, pR0 109 2. 'jIvanayonyAdinikhilayatnagataM yatnatvameva tiGaH zakyatAvacchedakam / -zabdazaktiprakAzikA, kA0 97, pR0 396 3. vaizeSikasUtropaskAra, pR0 40 / 4. 'evamutkSepaNAvakSepaNavyavahAraH zarIratadavayavatatsaMyuktamuzalatomarAdiSveva mukhyo bhvti| -vahI, pR0 41

Page #73
kriyA tathA kAraka 53 calatA, kintu lakSaNA sAmAnyatayA mAnI jAnevAlI vRtti nahIM hai / jaba zakti se kAma nahIM tabhI lakSaNA kA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai / hamAre dainika vyavahAra meM acetana padArthoM kA kisI arthAntaraNa ke bodha ke binA kartRrUpa meM prayoga hotA hai / 'gaGgAyAM ghopa:' ke samAna 'ratho gacchati' ke prayoga meM koI vivazatA nahIM hai / lakSaNA meM prayoktA tathA boddhA donoM ko vizeSa zrama karanA par3atA hai, kintu 'ratho gacchati' Adi vAkya vinA alpa AyAsa ke hI prayukta hote tathA samajhe bhI jAte haiM / cetana ko kartA banAkara prayukta honevAle vAkyoM ke samAna hI acetana-kartR ke vAkyoM kA bhI bodha hotA hai / unameM artha ke parivartana kA bhI koI prazna nahIM utthtaa| mukhyArtha meM hI acetana ke kartRtva kI siddhi hone se kartA ko kRti kA Azraya nahIM kahA jA sakatA aura na hI kRti tiG pratyaya kA artha ho sakatI hai' / vAstava meM kRti kI AkhyAtArthatA tathA cetana kA kartRtva paraspara saMyukta tathya haiN| eka ke khaNDana se dUsare kA khaNDana anivArya hai / vaiyAkaraNoM ke anusAra tiG kA artha 'Azraya' hai, jo kartA tathA karma ke rUpa meM hai / yaha nirUpaNa karanA tiG kA kAma hai ki dhAtvartha kI AzrayatA kahA~ hai-- kartA meM yA karma meM ? kartRvAcaka tiG pratyaya kI upasthiti meM dhAtvartha kA Azraya kartA hotA hai, kintu karmavAcaka tiG kI upasthiti meM dhAtvartha karma para Azrita rahatA hai / bhAvavAcya meM honevAlA tiG dhAtvarthamAtra kA anuvAda karatA hai / ye tathya hameM pANini ke uparyukta 'la: karmaNi' ityAdi sUtra se jJAta hote haiM / tadanusAra dhAtu se phala aura vyApAra kA bodha hotA hai tathA usameM lagane vAle tiG pratyaya unake AzrayoM kA bodha karAte haiM ki phala tathA vyApAra kahA~ para sthita hai ? 'odanaH pacyate' meM tiG karmavAcyastha hone ke kAraNa phalAzraya rUpa karma kA bodha karAtA hai to 'rAmo gacchati' meM kartRsthati vyApAra ke Azraya kartA kA bodhaka hai / ise hI vyAkaraNa meM abhidhAna kahate haiM / isIlie prakArAntara se kartA, karma yA bhAva ko bhI tiG kA artha kahA jAtA hai| dhAtu vyApaka artha dhAraNa karane vAlA zabda hai, jise vibhinna paristhitiyoM tathA prakaraNoM meM prayukta kiyA jA sakatA hai / isakI ukta vyApakatA para pratyayoM ke dvArA niyantraNa rakhA jAtA hai, jisase dhAtu sthiti- vizeSa meM sImita ho / gam-dhAtu kI apAra zakti hai, kintu jaba isameM tip pratyaya lagAkara 'gacchati' banAte haiM taba yaha kevala prathamapuruSa, ekavacana tathA vartamAna kAla meM sImita ho jAtA hai| dUsare puruSoM, vacanoM yA kAloM ke bodha kI kSamatA samApta ho jAtI hai / pratyayoM ke dvArA dhAtu ke vyApaka artha kA niyantraNa karake use viziSTa artha meM lAyA jAtA hai, jisase vaha bodhagamya hotA hai / bodhagamya hone ke lie kisI bhI padArtha ko sAmAnya se vizeSa para AnA hI hotA hai, kyoMki bodha anuvRtta buddhi se nahIM apitu vyAvRtta buddhi se hotA hai ki amuka vastu yaha 1. la0 ma0, pR0 737 /

Page #74
54 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana nahIM, vaha nhiiN| vyAvRtta buddhi vizeSa kI hI hotI hai / phalasvarUpa yaha kahA jAtA hai ki pratyayArtha dhAtvartha kI apekSA prabala hotA hai yA kisI kriyA meM pratyaya kA artha hI pradhAna hai / 'pAcakaH' kahane se pAkakriyA-vyApAra ke Azraya kA bodha hotA hai / ataH sAmAnya niyama yaha hai ki prakRtyartha tathA prakRtyayArtha kA sAtha-sAtha anvaya hone para pratyayArtha kI pradhAnatA hotI hai / kintu isa sAmAnya niyama kA apavAda bhI hai| yAska ne kahA hai- 'bhAvapradhAnamAkhyAtam' arthAt jisameM bhAva ( kriyA ) kI pradhAnatA ho vaha AkhyAta ( tiGanta ) zabda hai| hama dekhate haiM ki phala sadA vyApAra para nirbhara karatA hai, jabaki vyApAra phala para nirbhara nahIM krtaa| vyApAra kI paridhi isalie bar3I hai ki vyApAra binA phala ke bhI ho sakatA hai, jabaki vyApAra ke abhAva meM phala kI kalpanA bhI nahIM ho sktii| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki donoM ke bIca kArya-kAraNa bhAva hai| kAraNAbhAva se kAryAbhAva hotA hai, kintu kAryAbhAva kAraNAbhAva kA prayojaka nahIM2 / vyApAra kAraNAtmaka hone se kriyAtmaka bhI hai jisakI pradhAnatA sabhI kriyAoM meM hotI hai| yaha vyApAra AkhyAta ke dhAtvaMza meM hI honA cAhie, tiDaMza meM nhiiN| isalie apavAdarUpa meM dhAtvarthabhUta vyApAra kI pradhAnatA hotI hai, tiGartha kI nhiiN| isalie sAmAnyarUpa se pratyaya ke artha kI pradhAnatA hotI hai, isameM sandeha nahIM; kintu tiGanta meM prakRtyartha ( dhAtvartha ) kI hI pradhAnatA hai| tiG-pratyaya ke artha ko pradhAna mAnane kI prathA mImAMsAdarzana meM hai, jisameM zAbdI bhAvanA mukhyatayA pratyayAMza meM svIkRta kI gayI hai| dhAtvartha meM phala tathA vyApAra kI pratIti hotI hai| inake atirikta kriyA meM pratIta hone vAle jitane bhI tattva haiM--kAla, vacana, puruSa; ye sabhI pratyaya ke artha haiN| vyAkaraNa-granthoM meM ina sabhI ke arthoM kA vizada vivecana hai, kintu hama apane vivecya viSaya meM aprakRta samajhakara unheM chor3a deN| abhI taka ke vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho gayA ki kriyApada (tiGanta ) kA vizleSaNa karane se do khaNDa prApta hote haiM-(1) dhAtu, jise kriyA bhI kahate haiM tathA ( 2 ) tipratyaya / tiGanta zabda meM pratyayArtha-prAdhAnyavAda ke apavAdasvarUpa dhAtu ke kriyAtmaka artha kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| isase yaha patA lagatA hai ki pradhAnatA hone ke hI kAraNa 'kriyA' zabda ke dvArA pUre tiGanta kA vyapadeza kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki lokavyavahAra meM pradhAna artha ke AdhAra para hI padArtha kA nAmakaraNa hotA hai (pradhAnena vyapadezAH bhavanti ) / vAkya meM kriyA kA sthAna bhASA ke vizleSaNa meM vAkya ke khaNDoM kA vicAra karate hue hameM do prakAra ke tattva milate haiM-nAma ( subanta ) tathA kriyA ( tiGanta ) / pANini ne inhIM donoM 1. draSTavya-vaizeSikasUtropaskAra 1 / 2 / 3 / 2. vaize0 sU0 1 / 2 / 1-2 /

Page #75
kriyA tathA kAraka tattvoM ko pada-saMjJA dI hai ki ye vAkya meM prayukta hone kI kSamatA rakhate haiM ( suptiGantaM padam 1 / 4 / 14) / vAkyoM ke saMghaTana meM subanta tathA tiGanta ke paraspara sambandhapUrvaka samudAya kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, jaise-rAmo gacchati / isameM prathama pada subanta hai, dUsarA tiGanta / inheM nAma-pada tathA kriyA-pada bhI kahate haiN| yadyapi sAmAnyatayA vAkyoM se donoM padoM kI saMghaTanA hotI hai, tathApi inameM bhI kriyA kI hI pradhAnatA mAnI jAtI hai' / niruktakAra yAska tathA vaiyAkaraNoM kA pUrA sampradAya isI mata kA anumodana karatA hai, jisase kriyAmukhyavizeSyaka zAbdabodha hotA hai| kriyA kI pradhAnatA kisI bhI vAkya meM isI se samajhI jA sakatI hai ki usake abhAva meM sabhI nAma-pada vizRMkhala hokara kucha bhI artha nahIM de sakeMge / dUsarI ora yadi kisI vAkya meM kriyA rahe, anya pada nahIM bhI hoM to bhI vAkya kA nirmANa ho jAtA hai, kyoMki kriyA Avazyaka nAmArtha kA AkSepa kara letI hai / 'gaccha' kahane se bodha hotA hai--(tvaM) gaccha / yaha pUrA vAkya hai| kintu 'rAmaH sthAlI gajaH' ityAdi aneka nAma-padoM kA uccAraNa karane para bhI vAkya nahIM bntaa| isa prakAra yaha kriyAtattva hai jo vibhinna nAmoM ko saMyukta karatA hai / ye nAmapada kriyA ke cAroM ora ghUmate tathA usase sambandha sthApita karane para vAkya kA saMghaTana karate haiM / 'rAmaH kASThaH sthAlyAmodanaM pacati' isa vAkya meM kriyA eka hI hai-'pacati'; kintu yaha cAra-cAra nAmapadoM ko apane meM saMyukta kiye hue hai / kriyA meM cAroM padoM kA saMyojana isalie sambhava hai ki vyAvahArika jagata meM bhI inake arthoM kA pAkakriyA se saMyojana hotA hai / vastutaH ye cAroM artha kriyA-siddhi meM sahAyatA pahu~cA rahe haiM ki pAka ho jAya / pakAne kI kriyA meM rAma sabhI vyApAroM kA saMcAlaka hone ke kAraNa upakAra karatA hai, lakar3iyA~ pakAne kA sAdhana haiM, sthAlI usakA AdhAra hai aura odana pAka kA viSaya hone ke kAraNa usake phala kA bhAgI hai / yadi kriyA nahIM hotI to ye cAroM padArtha bikhara jAte / nAmArtha kA kriyA se sambandha-kAraka kA bIja kriyA kA isIlie nAmArtha ke sAtha sambandha karanA vAkya kA mukhya uddezya hai, jisase vaktA kA abhipreta artha zrotA taka pahu~ca jAya / vAkya meM kriyA ke sAtha nAmArtha ke sambandha ko vyAkaraNazAstra meM kAraka kahate haiN| nAmArtha kA kriyA ke sAtha yaha sambandha pradhAnatayA sAkSAt hotA hai, kintu kabhI-kabhI upakAra-sAmarthya ke AdhAra para paramparayA sambandha bhI hotA hai| donoM prakAra ke sambandha dvArA nAmArtha kriyA kI siddhi meM sahAyatA karatA hai| isa prakAra kriyA se sambandha rakhane vAle pratyeka nAmArtha ko apanA Azraya banAkara kArakatattva vartamAna rahatA hai| kriyA sAdhya hai tathA kAraka sAdhana / bhartRhari isIlie kArakoM kA sAmAnya abhidhAna 'sAdhana' rakhakara unakA vivecana sAdhanasamudeza meM karate haiN| kriyA kI siddhi ( niSpatti, nirvRtti, pUrti ) meM hameM aneka sAdhanoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| pAka-kriyA ke 1. 'tadyatrobhe, bhAvapradhAne bhavataH' / -nirukta 11

Page #76
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana uparyukta udAharaNa meM hI IMdhana, agni, pAtra, anna evaM pakAne vAlA vyakti caahie| ye sabhI tattva kriyA ke sAdhaka haiM, inakA apane niyata artha meM isIlie kriyA se sambandha hai / tadanusAra bhASAgata vAkya meM prayukta hone para ye kAraka kA rUpa dhAraNa kreNge| ina sAdhanoM kI pravRttiyA~ kriyA kI siddhi meM bhinna-bhinna prakAra se hotI haiM / jisa rUpa meM Indhana kriyA kA sAdhaka hai, usI rUpa meM pakAne vAlA vyakti nahIM / isakA kAraNa sAdhanoM kA pravRtti-bheda hai / vAstava meM bhASyakAra ke anusAra ina sAdhanoM kI pravRtti kriyA ke rUpa meM pratiphalita hotI hai / kriyA kI gamyamAnatA se kAraka kI vyavasthA kriyA aura kAraka kI pRthak kalpanA kI hI nahIM jA sakatI, kyoMki ve avicchedya rUpa meM paraspara ba~dhe hue haiM / kriyA ke abhAva meM kAraka kI sattA nahIM hogI to dUsarI ora kArakoM ke abhAva meM kriyA nirarthaka ho jaayegii| Upara jo hamane kriyA kA mahattva pratipAdita karate hue yaha kahA hai ki kevala kriyA se bhI vAkya ho sakatA hai, usameM bhI sUkSmarUpa se kriyA ke sAdhaka tattva gamyamAna hote hI haiM / 'gaccha' meM madhyamapuruSa ekavacana ke rUpa meM 'tvam' kartA kI pratIti hotI hai| isake atirikta prakaraNAnusAra karma, karaNa Adi sAdhanoM kI bhI pratIti hogii| yahA~ taka ki asti, bhavati Adi sattAvAcaka kriyAoM meM bhI 'ghaTa:' prabhRti prAkaraNika sAdhaka padArthoM kA bodha hotA hai / koI pUchatA hai - 'apyupAdhyAyo gRhAnirgataH' ( gurujI ghara se nikala gaye kyA ? ) dUsarA uttara detA hai-'nahi nahi, asti' / isa 'asti' kriyA meM upAdhyAya kartA ke rUpa meM tathA gRha adhikaraNa ke rUpa meM gamyamAna hai ki gurujI ghara meM haiN| ataH kriyA meM sUkSmarUpa se hI sahI, kArakoM kA rahanA anivArya hai anyathA kriyA kI pUrti hI nahIM hogii| dUsarI ora kArakoM ko to sthUlarUpa meM hI kriyA kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / hA~, kabhI-kabhI gamyamAna kriyA se bhI kAma calatA hai tathA kArakavibhakti kA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai; jaise--alaM zrameNa / yahA~ sAdhanarUpa kriyA kA karaNa zrama hai, isalie usameM tRtIyA vibhakti samarthanIya hai| artha hai-zrameNa sAdhyaM nAsti ( na sidhyati ) / isI prakAra vivAha ke avasara para argha, AcamanIya tathA madhuparka kA grahaNa jaba kanyA kA pitA apane bhAvI jAmAtA ko karAtA hai to usa samaya AcArya kahate haiM-madhuparkaH madhuparka: madhuparkaH / isameM 'vartate' kriyA gamyamAna hai jisakA kartA madhuparka hai / yadi kriyA zrUyamANa na ho, na hI gamyamAna-taba to kAraka kA nAma diyA hI nahIM jA sktaa| yahAM yaha prazna hotA hai ki vAkya meM jaba kriyA kA honA anivArya hai, jisase 1. 'kArakANAM pravRttivizeSaH kriyaa'| -mahAbhASya 2, pR0 123 2. vivAhapaddhati kA Arambha-'madhuparkaH madhuparkaH madhuparka ityAcAryeNokte; madhuparkaH pratigRhyatAmiti pitA brUyAt, madhupakaM pratigRhNAmIti varo brUyAt' / -Azva0 gRhyasUtra 1 / 24 / 7

Page #77
kriyA tathA kAraka 57 sabhI nAmArtha saMghaTita raheM, taba usameM vartamAna sabhI zabdoM ko kAraka kyoM nahIM kahA jA sakatA ? 'zrIgaNezAya namaH' meM zrIgaNeza kAraka kyoM nahIM hai ? punaH 'bAlakena saha dhAvati' meM bAlaka, 'gRhaM vinA sukhaM nAsti' meM gRha tathA 'zIghra calati' meM zIghra zabda kAraka kyoM nahIM mAnA jAtA ? vastusthiti yaha hai ki eka nAmArtha kA dUsare nAmArtha ke sAtha sambandha honA kAraka nahIM hai / yahA~ nAmArtha ko vyApaka artha meM-kriyA se bhinna zabda-mAtra ke artha meM liyA jAtA hai, jisase nipAta, karmapravacanIya upasarga Adi bhI usameM A skeN| jaba taka kriyA kA sambandha kisI nAmArtha ke sAtha na ho taba taka kAraka kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI / 'guruM namaskaroti' meM guru kA sambandha namaskAra-kriyA se hai, ataH isameM kAraka hai; jabaki ThIka aise hI artha meM 'gurave namaH' meM kriyApada ke abhAva meM guru meM kAraka nahIM hai / aise sambandhoM ko upapada-sambandha kahate haiM jahA~ nAmArtha kA nAmArtha se sambandha ho / kAraka-lakSaNa kAraka-zabda kA isI artha meM pANini se pUrva bhI prayoga hotA rahA hogaa| athavA loka meM isake artha se loga samyaka prakAra se paricita hoNge| isIlie pANini ne isa kAraka-saMjJA kA koI lakSaNa na dekara isase adhikAra-sUtra nirmita kiyA hai--kArake ( 1 / 4 / 23 ) / yadyapi isase kAraka-prakaraNa kA Arambha jJAta hotA hai, tathApi ise sImita arthoM meM saMjJA-nirdezaka sUtra bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai, jaisA ki bhASyakAra svIkAra karate haiN| vyAkaraNazAstra meM do prakAra ke zabdoM ke dvArA padArthoM kA saMketa karAyA jAtA hai-(1) loka meM atyanta prasiddha zabdoM se tathA (2) svakalpita Ti, ghu, bha Adi zabdoM se / prathama koTi meM AnevAle zabdoM ke lakSaNa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI jaba taka ki hama unheM zAstrIya artha meM kRtrima banAkara grahaNa na kreN| dvitIya koTivAle zabdoM kA to sarvathA lakSaNa hI denA hI cAhie' / aSTAdhyAyI meM anyatra bhI kAraka-zabda kA prayoga hone se eka vizeSa sandarbha meM isakA bodha hone ke kAraNa ise saMjJA bhI mAnate haiM, jisakA adhikAra vahIM se Arambha hotA hai| tadanusAra pataMjali ko isakA lakSaNa karanA par3atA hai-'sAdhakaM nirvartakaM kArakasaMjJaM bhavati' / jo ( kriyA kA ) sAdhaka ho, use sampAdita karatA ho use kAraka kahate haiN| ___isa prasaMga meM yaha AkSepa kiyA gayA hai ki kAraka yadi saMjJA hai to isake saMjJI ( saMjJA se bodhya, lakSaNa ) kA nirdeza karanA cAhie anyathA nimnarUpeNa kaI asaMgatiyAM uTha khar3I hoMgI 1. 'iha hi vyAkaraNe ye vA ete loke pratItapadArthakAH zabdAstanirdezAH kriyante, yA vA etAH kRtrimaassttighubhaadisNjnyaaH'| udyota- 'bhAdisaMjJAH ityasya tAbhirveti shessH| -mahAbhASya 2, pR0 240

Page #78
58 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana (1) grAmasya samIpAdAgacchati-isa vAkya meM akAraka-rUpa grAma kI apAdAna mAnanA pdd'egaa| vRkSa kI zAkhA se girane vAlA jaise vRkSa se bhI giratA huA mAnA jAtA hai, usI prakAra grAma ke samIpa se AnevAlA vyakti grAma se bhI A rahA hai / 'samIpa' ke samAna 'grAma' bhI apAya kI sthiti meM dhruva hI hai| yadi 'dhruvamapAye'pAdAnam' meM kAraka-lakSaNa kI. anuvRtti le jAyeM ki kAraka hone para hI dhruva ko apAdAna kahA jA sakatA hai, tabhI grAma ke apAdAnatva kA vAraNa ho skegaa| isalie kAraka ke lakSaNa kA nirdeza Avazyaka hai| isake uttara meM pataMjali kahate haiM ki yahA~ grAma apAyayukta hai hI nhiiN| yadi apAyayukta hotA to 'grAmAdAgacchati' prayoga karake use apAdAna banAne meM koI Apatti hI nahIM hotii| ( 2 ) vRkSasya parNa patati-isameM kAraka-lakSaNa ke abhAva meM vRkSa ke apAdAna hone kA aniSTa-prasaMga A jAtA hai| yahA~ bhI pataMjali apAya kI avivakSA kA Alambana lekara siddha kara dete haiM ki vRkSa apAdAna nahIM hai / tadanusAra 'kAraka' ke lakSaNa-nirdeza kI AvazyakatA unheM nahIM pratIta hotii| kAraNa yaha hai ki 'kAraka' mahatI saMjJA arthAt anvartha saMjJA hai| laukika dRSTi se isakA jo artha hai, vahI isa zAstra meM bhI hai-kAraka = karanevAlA, sAdhaka, sampAdaka / ___ isa anvarthatA para bhI zaMkA ho sakatI hai, kyoMki isa artha meM kAraka-saMjJA kevala kartA ko hI ho sakegI, anya kArakoM ko nhiiN| satya yaha hai ki anya kArakoM meM sUkSma rUpa meM kartRbhAva rahatA hI hai, kyoMki ve yathAzakti kriyA kI siddhi meM vibhinna avayavoM kA sampAdana karate haiN| isakA vicAra hama kartA ke prakaraNa meM kareMge / kartA jahA~ sampUrNa kriyA para apanA kArakatva rakhatA hai, vahA~ anya kArakoM kI zakti sImita mAtrA meM hai / udAharaNArtha pApakriyA meM sthAlI ( adhikaraNa ) kI kArakatA anna ko apane bhItara dhAraNa karane meM kAraNa hai, jisase vaha kartRbhAva prApta karatI hai| yaha sthiti vAstava meM kriyAsiddhi meM padArthoM kI svatantra yA paratantra pravRtti para nirbhara karatI hai / sabhI kAraka kriyAsiddhi karate haiN| kabhI ve svatantra rUpa se isameM pravRtta hote haiM, taba inakA kartRbhAva utpanna hotA hai aura paratantra rUpa se kartA ke adhIna pravRtti hone para ye tattat kArakoM kA rUpa grahaNa karate haiN| isa siddhAnta ko ThIka se samajhane ke lie kAraka ko zaktirUpa meM dekhanA hogaa| kAraka kI zaktirUpatA ( bhartRhari kA mata ) bhartRhari tathA unake anuyAyI dArzanikoM ne sAdhana ( kAraka ) ko zakti ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA hai / yaha samasta saMsAra zakti kA saMghAta hai / ghaTa meM jala ke utpAdana kI zakti hai to bIja meM aMkura ke utpAdana kI zakti hai / sabhI padArtha kucha-na-kucha kriyA niSpanna karane kI zakti rakhate haiN| yaha zakti dravya meM samaveta rahane ke kAraNa dravya se bhinna hai / kintu nyAya-vaizeSika darzanoM meM zakti kI dravya bhinnatA svIkAra nahIM kI jAtI / unakA kahanA hai ki agni tathA usakI dAhikA zakti bhinna padArtha nahIM

Page #79
kriyA tathA kAraka zakti tathA zaktimAn donoM mUlataH eka hI haiM / advaita vedAnta meM bhI isI siddhAnta para brahma tathA usakI zakti mAyA kA ekatva siddha kiyA jAtA hai| zakti kA artha hai-kAraNa meM rahane vAlA kAryotpatti ke anukUla dharmavizeSa / yaha dharma pratibandhaka ( zakti ko rokane vAle kAraNa ) ke abhAvarUpa kAraNa ke rUpa meM haiM / pratibandhaka vastu kA abhAva kAryamAtra ke prati kAraNa hotA hai| isIlie dAhAtmaka kArya kA pratibandhaka candrakAntamaNi hai, kyoMki isake abhAva meM agni kI dAhAtmikA zakti prakaTa hotI hai / isa prakAra vyatireka mukha se zakti kI siddhi hotI hai / yaha zakti dravya isalie nahIM hai kyoMki guNoM meM bhI rahatI hai ( jabaki dravya guNa meM nahIM raha sakatA ) / isIlie yaha na guNa hai, na karma / utpatti-vinAza se yukta hone ke kAraNa yaha sAmAnya, vizeSa yA samavAya ke rUpa meM bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki ve nitya hote haiN| isa prakAra padArthAntara ke rUpa meM zakti prAbhAkara-mata ke mImAMsakoM tathA vaiyAkaraNoM ko svIkArya hai / naiyAyika kahate haiM ki zakti ko pRthak padArtha mAnane para kisI vastu ke samIpa hone aura na hone se zakti kA punaH punaH utpAdana tathA vinAza mAnanA pdd'egaa| phalasvarUpa ananta zaktiyA~ mAnanI hoMgI, sAtha hI unake prAgabhAvoM tathA dhvaMsAbhAvoM ko svIkAra karanA par3egA / yaha gaurava-doSa hai| isase to kahIM acchA hai ki agnimAtra ko dAha kA kAraNa nahIM mAnakara 'candrakAntamaNi ke abhAva se viziSTa agni' ko dAha kA kAraNa mAneM / kabhI-kabhI kisI uttejaka maNi ke hone para candrakAntamaNi kucha nahIM kara pAtI, agni ko jalane se roka nahIM sakatI / ataH 'uttejakAbhAva se viziSTa candrakAnta ke abhAva' ko dAha kA kAraNa mAnate haiM / ataH zakti ko atirikta padArtha mAnane kI yukti saMgata nahIM hai| kinta zabdAdvaita ke pravartaka bhartahari samasta jagat rUpa kArya ke pIche usI zakti kI bhUmikA mAnate haiM / yaha sampUrNa vizva zaktiyoM kA samUha hai| yadyapi paramArthataH zakti eka hI hai, tathApi avidyAkRta upAdhiyoM ke kAraNa vibhinna rUpoM meM dikhalAyI par3atI hai| tadanusAra ghaTAdi bhAva padArthoM meM jo zaktiyA~ haiM, unake prakAroM kA vizleSaNa sambhava hai-(1) kucha zaktiyAM apane kAraNoM se utpanna hokara AzrayanAza ke sAtha hI svayaM naSTa ho jAtI haiM; jaise-pradIpa kI prakAza-zakti / (2) kucha zaktiyA~ puruSastha haiM tathA apane vartamAna Azraya meM hI sImita rahatI haiM; jaise-balAdi zakti / aisI zaktiyA~ vyAyAma, zramAbhyAsa yA puSTikAraka padArthoM ke sevana se utpanna hotI haiM / ( 3 ) kucha zaktiyA~ Azraya meM pUrva se hI vidyamAna rahane para puruSa ke prayAsa 1. draSTavya-nyAyasiddhAntamuktAvalI, kA0 2 / 2. nyA0 ko0, pR0 851 / 3. nyA0 ko0, pR0 852 para uddhRta zloka 'na dravyaM guNavRttitvAd gunnkrmbhisskRtaa| sAmAnyAdiSu sattvena siddhA bhAvAntaraM hi sA' /

Page #80
60 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana se nirUpita hotI haiM; yathA-viSa kI mAraNa-zakti tathA bIja kI aMkurotpAdana-zakti / ( 4 ) kucha zaktiyoM ko atizaya prabhAva ke kAraNa rUpAntarita bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai; jaise yogI sabhI padArthoM kA rUpAntaraNa karake unameM abhinava zakti utpanna karate haiN| ( 5 ) kucha zaktiyoM ko kAla ke vaza meM vyakta hote hue dekhA jAtA hai; jaise ----dharmAdharma kI zakti phala-pradAna karane meM / isa prakAra zaktiyoM ke aneka svabhAva haiN| zakti kA pAramArthika tathA vyAvahArika svarUpa-bheda svIkAra kara lene para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki nitya tathA anitya padArthoM kI zaktiyoM meM bhI bheda hotA hai / anitya padArthoM meM apane zarIra se hI zakti kA udbhava hotA hai, jabaki nitya padArthoM meM svAbhAvika zakti rahatI hai / ye zaktiyA~ hI sAdhana bhI kahalAtI haiM, kyoMki zakti athavA sAdhana kA kriyA-niSpatti meM samAna yogadAna rahatA hai| vibhinna padArthoM kI zaktiyA~ kisI-na-kisI kriyA kA hI sampAdana karatI haiM, kyoMki kAryotpAdana hI unake zakti hone kA pramANa hai / dUsarI ora sAdhana yA kAraka bhI kisI kriyA ke sampAdana meM hI kRtArtha hote haiM / ataeva donoM kI ekarUpatA anivArya hai| isalie bhartRhari ne sAdhana kA lakSaNa karate hue kahA hai 'svAzraye samavetAnAM tdvdevaashryaantre| kriyANAmabhiniSpatto sAmayaM sAdhanaM viduH // -vA0pa0 371 kriyAoM kI nivRtti meM dravya kI zakti sAdhana hai| pataJjali ne jo 'parokSa liT' ( pA0 sU0 3 / 2 / 115 ) kI vyAkhyA meM guNa yA guNa-samudAya ko sAdhana kahA hai, usa kathana kA abhiprAya yahI hai ki zakti apane AdhAra ( dravya .) ke adhIna vikasita hotI hai, isIlie ise guNa kahate haiN| hama jAnate haiM ki guNa dravyAzrita hotA hai, ataH guNa ko zakti yA sAdhana kahA gayA hai, kyoMki kAraka bhI dravyAzrita hai| ataH dravyAzritatva-sAmAnya ke AdhAra para pataJjali ne guNa ko vahA~ sAdhana kahA hai| sthiti yaha hai ki zakti nirAdhAra raha hI nahIM sktii| cAhe brahma ho, cAhe zabda, ghaTa ho yA paTa-zakti ko kucha-na-kucha AdhAra milanA hI cAhie / isIlie zakti kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ( sAdhanamapyanumAnagamyam-bhASya 3 / 2 / 115 ) / isa anumAna kA liGga kriyArUpa kArya hai / kriyA zakti kA prayojana ( phala ) hai, kyoMki zakti se vaha sAdhya hai| bhartahari ne apanI ukta kArikA meM kriyA ke do rUpa diye haiM-svAzraya samaveta tathA AzrayAntara meM samaveta / kriyA ke do arthoM meM vyApAra tathA phala haiM aura unheM dhAraNa karane vAle padArthoM meM kriyA samaveta hotI hai / ye padArtha haiM-kartA aura karma / kartA meM kriyA isalie samaveta hai kyoMki vaha vyApArarUpa dhAtvartha ko dhAraNa karatA hai| dUsarI 1. helArAja, vA0pa0 3 / 7 / 2 kI TIkA meM / 2. vyAkaraNadarzanabhUmikA, pR0 216 / 3. 'zakteH kriyAlakSaNakAryAnumeyAyAH kAryadvAreNava prkrssH'| helArAja, pR0 231

Page #81
kriyA tathA kAraka ora phala-rUpa dhAtvartha ko dhAraNa karanevAle karma meM bhI kriyA samaveta rahatI hai / isa prakAra ye donoM hI kriyA ke svAzraya haiM jinameM vaha sAkSAt sthita hai, samaveta hai| ye kriyA kI nippatti meM mukhyarUpa se sahAyaka hote haiN| karaNAdi dUsare kAraka dhAtvarthabhUta vyApAra yA phala kI sahAyatA kartA yA karma ke mAdhyama se karate haiM, ata: gauNarUpa se kAraka haiM athavA ve kriyA ke svAzraya nahIM apitu parAthaya haiM / ataeva kArikA meM zakti ( sAmarthya ) ko sAdhana kahate hue kriyA ke ina donoM rUpoM kI niSpatti kA dhyAna rakhA gayA hai / svAzraya meM samaveta kriyA kI niSpatti ho yA AzrayAntara ( karaNAdi ) meM samaveta kriyA kI niSpatti ho, donoM hI sthitiyoM meM dravya kI kriyA-nirvatikA zakti sAdhana ( kAraka ) hai| isa sAdhanarUpa zakti ko vibhinna vibhaktiyA~ prakAzita karatI haiN| udAharaNa ke lie- 'mRgo dhAvati' isa vAkya meM daur3ane kI kriyA kA Azraya mRga hai, jisameM kartRzakti dikhalAyI jA rahI hai--ise prathamA vibhakti prakaTa kara rahI hai / yadi dravya hI kAraka yA sAdhana ( zakti ) hotA to 'sthAlI pacati, sthAlIM pacati, sthAlyA pacati, sthAlyAM pacati'-ina vibhinna kArakarUpoM meM jahA~ eka hI dravya sthAlI kA prayoga huA hai, vahA~ dravya kI samAnatA ke kAraNa sarvatra kAraka bhI samAna hotaa| parantu pAkakriyA ke prati sthAlI ( dravya ) kI alaga-alaga zaktiyoM kI abhivyakti una vAkyoM meM vivakSita hai, ataH kAraka bhI alaga-alaga haiN| isalie bhI dravya aura zakti kA pArthakya spaSTa hotA hai| tadanusAra dravya kAraka nahIM hai, apitu dravyoM kI zakti kAraka hai| ise hI vyavahAra meM dravyoM kA kriyA-sambandha kahA jAtA hai| kintu sambandha ativyApaka zabda hai, ataH ise sImita karake zaktirUpa kahanA adhika saMgata hai-kAraka kA yahI zAstrIya artha hai / ___ yaha satya hai ki dravya meM zakti rahatI hai, ata: dravya ke AkAra-prakAra ke anusAra zaktiyoM kA svarUpa bhI pRthak hogaa| kuThAra, dAtra tathA kRpANa-ina tInoM se chedanakriyA sampanna to hogI, kintu ina kriyAoM kA rUpa eka-dUsare se bhinna hogaa| isI prakAra dravya ke deza-kAla ke AdhAra para bhI kriyAniSpatti kI prakriyA meM bheda hotA hai| tathApi dravyoM kI sabhI zaktiyoM ko chaha rUpoM meM rakhA jA sakatA hai / sAdhana ke prasaMga meM isase adhika zaktiyAM nahIM hotI, kyoMki kriyA kI siddhi ke lie vAstava meM itanI hI zaktiyA~ kAma karatI haiM / bhale hI kuThArAdi vibhinna dravyoM ke dvArA sampanna honevAlI chidi-kriyA meM antara pratIta hotA ho, kintu yadi kriyA kA sampUrNatayA saMkalita 1. 'tatra kartakarmaNoH kriyA samavatIti svAzrayasamavetakriyAniSpattI tayoH kArakatA / karaNAdInAM tu parAzrayasamavetAyAM kriyAyAM sAdhanabhAvaH / na hi karaNAdiSu kriyA smvaiti'| -helArAja, pRSTha 231 2. 'dravyAkArAdibhedena tAzcAparimitA iva / . dRzyante tattvamAsAM tu SaTzaktI tivartate' / -vaa0p0317|36 .

Page #82
62 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana rUpa grahaNa kareM to unameM bheda pratIta nahIM hogA aura una sabhI dravyoM kI eka hI sthiti hogI ki ve chidi-kriyA kI siddhi meM sAdhakatama haiM / tAtparyataH ve sabhI karaNa kAraka ( yA karaNatvazakti ) dhAraNa karate haiM / kAraka - lakSaNa vimarza ( anya lakSaNoM para vicAra ) Upara hamane kAraka kI zaktirUpatA kA nidarzana kiyA hai / aba yahA~ loka meM pracalita vibhinna kAraka- lakSaNoM kI samIkSA kreNge| kAraka ke sabhI lakSaNa usake kriyAsambandha kA nirUpaNa to karate haiM, kintu vibhinna kAraNoM se avyApti yA ativyApti doSa ke bhAgI ho jAte haiM / phira bhI kucha lakSaNoM meM kAraka ke bahiraMga kA samyak nirUpaNa huA hai / 1 ( 1 ) kriyAnimittatvaM kArakatvam - kAraka kA yaha lakSaNa durgAsiMha ne kalApavyAkaraNa meM diyA hai, jisase usa sampradAya - mAtra meM isakA pracura pracAra hai / isameM kAraka ko kriyA kA nimitta kAraNa mAnA gayA hai / isa lakSaNa para naiyAyikoM tathA pANinIya vaiyAkaraNoM kI Arambha se hI vakradRSTi rahI hai / ve isameM ativyApti tathA avyApta donoM doSa DhUMDha nikAlate haiM / 'caitrasya taNDulaM pacati' isa vAkya meM isa lakSaNa ke anusAra caitra ko, jo sambandhi pada hai, kriyA kA nimitta hone ke kAraNa kAraka mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki vaha bhI apane ghara se cAvala dekara yA anumati se hI pAkakriyA kA nimitta kAraNa banA huA hai / ataH yaha lakSaNa caitrAdi- sambandhI ko bhI kAraka meM antarbhUta kara lene ke kAraNa ativyApti - doSa se grasta hai' / dUsarI ora isameM avyApti bhI hai / nimitta kAraNa ko apane kArya se pUrvavartI honA cAhie tabhI usakI kAraNatA utpanna ho sakatI hai / kintu 'ghaTaM karoti' meM, jahAM ghaTa nirvartya karma hai, kriyA ( kArya ) hI apane tathAkathita nimitta ( kAraNa ) ke pUrva h| jAtI hai, kyoMki kriyA ke hI dvArA ghaTa kI utpatti hotI hai / isalie ghaTa kriyA kA nimitta nahIM raha sakegA aura isIlie kAraka bhI nahIM hogA / kalApa ke suprasiddha TIkAkAra suSeNa kavirAja ne isakA uttara diyA hai ki yahA~ kriyA kI siddhi meM ghaTa kA jJAna pUrvavartI hai, yaha pUrvavartikA ghaTa padArtha para bhI upacarita hotI hai / ataH koI doSa nahIM raha jAtA 2 / sAMkhyadarzanokta satkAryavAda ke AdhAra para bhI isa doSa kA nivAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki tadanusAra ghaTa sUkSmarUpa se avyaktatayA apane kAraNa meM to vidyamAna hai hI; vahI kriyA kA nimitta kAraNa hai / kriyAnimittatva kI hI sthiti meM isa prakAra ke anya lakSaNa bhI haiM; jaise - kriyAjanakatvam, kriyAniSpAdakatvam / nyUnAdhikarUpa se ukta kArakalakSaNa hI inameM bhI vidyamAna hai / 1. 'caitrasya taNDulaM pacatIti sambandhini caitrAdAvativyApteH / anumatyAdiprakAzanadvArA sampradAnAdeva taNDulAdidvArA sambandhino'pi kriyAnimittattvAt' / - pa0 la0 ma0, pR0 169 2. Cf. P. C. Chakravarti, P. S. G. p. 218.

Page #83
kriyA tathA kAraka (2) kriyAnvayitvaM kArakatvama-kriyA se anvaya arthAt vAkyagata sambandha rakhanevAle ko kAraka kahate haiM / isa lakSaNa meM yaha dopa hai ki 'zIghra dhAvati' jaise vAkyoM meM kriyAvizeSaNa kA kriyA se sAkSAt anvaya hone ke kAraNa unheM kAraka mAnanA par3egA, kintu siddhAntataH kriyAvizeSaNa kabhI kAraka nahIM kahalA sakate / bhavAnanda ne kArakacakra meM isI lakSaNa meM vizeSaNa lagAkara isakA pariSkAra kiyA haivibhaktyarthadvArA kriyAnvayitvaM mukhyabhAktasAdhAraNaM kArakatvam / kAraka vibhaktyartha ke mAdhyama se kriyA se anvita hotA hai / 'stokaM pacati' ityAdi kriyAvizeSaNoM meM vibhakti abhedArthaka nahIM hai, usakA uddezya sAdhutvamAtra kA sampAdana karanA hai| isalie usameM vibhakti rahane para bhI naiyAyikoM ko abhimata vibhaktyartha-rUpa ( kamaMtvAdi ) viSaya Azrita nahIM hai / isalie kAraka honA sambhava nhiiN| jagadIza isa viSaya meM kahate haiM ki 'stoka' zabda kriyA meM prakArIbhUta hone para bhI isalie kAraka nahIM hai kyoMki sup-pratyaya use upasthita nahIM krtaa| dvitIyA vibhakti to usameM napuMsakaliMga ke samAna kevala zAstradRSTi se ( AnuzAsanikI ) padasAdhutva ke nirvAhArtha lagAyI gayI hai / kriyA ke anvaya se kahIM to mukhya kArakatva hotA hai; jaise- 'grAmaM gacchati' meM grAma, kintu kahIM gauNa kAraka bhI hotA hai; jaise-- 'ghaTaM jAnAti' meM ghaTa2 / bhavAnanda kahate haiM ki kriyA kA nimitta hone para mukhya kAraka hotA hai| tadanusAra yaha lakSaNa niSpanna hotA hai ki mukhya kAraka vaha hai jo kriyA kA nimitta hone ke sAtha-sAtha vibhaktyartha dvArA kriyA se anvita bhI ho| isI prakAra kriyA kA animitta hone para jo vibhaktyartha ke dvArA kriyA se anvita hotA hai, vaha gauNakAraka kahA jAtA hai / donoM hI sthitiyoM meM kriyA kI nimittatA-sAkSAt ho yA paramparAgata -prayojaka rahatI hai / kAraka kahane se donoM kA saMniveza hotA hai-mukhya aura gauNa / kintu anta meM bhavAnanda ko vibhAgamukhena kAraka kA lakSaNa karanA par3atA hai jo sarvathA ucita hai--'kartRkarmatvAdiSaTkAnyatamatve sati kriyAnvayitvaM kArakatvam' / (3) dhAtvarthAze prakAro yaH subarthaH so'tra kArakam -kAraka kA yaha lakSaNa jagadIza ke dvArA zabdazaktiprakAzikA meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| unhoMne supa vibhakti ke do bheda kiye haiM-kArakabodhikA tathA taditarabodhikA ( upapadavibhakti ) / dhAtu ke dvArA upasthita karAye jAne vAle artha ke anvaya meM jo prakAra ke rUpa meM ( vizeSaNatayA ) pratIta honevAlA subartha hai vahI kAraka hai| 'vRkSAtpatati' meM jo pat-dhAtu kA patana artha hai, usameM paJcamI ke dvArA vibhAgarUpa artha upasthita karAyA jAtA hai| vaha artha ( vibhAga ) patana kriyA kA prakArarUpa hai tathA kAraka hai / isalie isa sthala 1. zabdazaktipra0, kArikA 67 / 2. kArakacakravyAkhyA, mAdhavI pR0 5-6 / 3. kA0 ca0, pR0 7 /

Page #84
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana kI paJcamI ko kArakavibhakti kheNge'| sArAMza yaha hai ki jagadIza bhI kriyA se sambandha kA grahaNa karake sup-pratyaya ke karmatvAdi artha ko kAraka kahate haiN| bhavAnanda jahA~ kAraka meM vibhaktyartha ko sAdhaka mAnate haiM, vahIM jagadIza viziSTa vibhaktyartha ko hI kAraka kahate haiN| supavibhakti kA karmAdi vAcya hotA hai-yaha siddhAnta vaiyAkaraNoM meM bhI mAnya hai / vArtikakAra kAtyAyana svayaM 'supA karmAdayo'pyarthAH saGkhyA caiva tathA tiGAm' isa prakAra 'bahuSu bahuvacanam' ( pA0 sU0 1 / 4 / 21) ke vArtika meM svIkAra karate haiM, kintu ve saMkhyA ko bhI vibhaktyartha mAnate haiN| vaise vyAkaraNa ke sabhI sampradAya ( kAtantra ke adhyetA jagadIza bhI ) saMkhyA tathA kAraka donoM arthoM ko vibhaktyartha mAnate haiM-ve kaNThataH kaheM yA nhiiN| yaha spaSTa hai ki vibhakti hI kAraka nahIM hai, vaha kAraka kI abhivyakti kA sAdhanamAtra hai / vaha ( vibhakti ) apane artha ke prati sAdhana mAnI jAtI hai, vaha artha kAraka hai| tadanusAra hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki sup-vibhakti kAraka kA bodha karAtI hai aura kAraka kriyA kI siddhi karatA hai| jagadIza ke isa lakSaNa kI AlocanA giridhara bhaTTAcArya ne apane grantha vibhaktyarthanirNaya meM kI hai / jagadIza svayaM bhI isa lakSaNa ke dvArA 'mama pratibhAti' ityAdi kucha sthaloM meM kArakatva kI ativyApti kA ullekha karate haiM, kintu ve apane lakSaNa meM doSa na dikhalAkara SaSThI-vibhakti ke tAdRza prayoga ko hI vibhAvanIya (cintya ) batalAte haiN| vAstava meM 'mama pratibhAti, kAntasya trasyati' ityAdi udAharaNoM meM zeSa-SaSThI kA dhAtvartha se anvaya ho jAne ke kAraNa lakSaNa kI ativyApti spaSTa hai| ( 4 ) apAdAnAdyanyatamatvaM kArakatvama-apAdAnAdi vizeSoM meM se koI eka rUpa AraNa karanA kAraka kA lakSaNa hai| isa lakSaNa kA bhI anuvAda karake giridhara ne khaNDana kayA hai| pahalI bAta to yaha hai ki apAdAnAdi bhI kabhI-kabhI SaSThI ke artha meM hote haiM / usa sthAna para inakI kArakatA samApta ho jaayegii| dUsare, apAdAnatvAdi kaI prakAra ke haiM; jaise-dhruvatva, asoDhatva, Ipsitatva ityAdi / inameM kisI eka hI ko ( sAkalyena nahIM ) kAraka kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? katipaya apAdAnoM ko jAnane vAlA, jo sabhI ko nahIM jAnatA hogA, kevala dhruvAdi meM kArakatva kA grahaNa nahIM kara sakegA / kAraka ke jJAna ke abhAva meM apAdAnAdi bhedoM kA hI jJAna prApta karanA kaThina hai aura usa apAdAna ke bhI bhedoM ko jAnanA to sutarAM kaThina hai| . vAstava meM kAraka ke lakSaNoM kI kaThinAI bar3hatI hI jAtI hai| yadi sUkSma dRSTi se dekhA jAya to koI bhI lakSaNa nirdoSa nahIM mAlUma par3atA / tathApi kriyA ke janaka, nirvartaka, niSpAdaka, sampAdaka, utpAdaka ityAdi ke rUpa meM isake lakSaNa kiye gaye haiM 1. 'yaddhAtUpasthApyayAdRzArthe'nvayaprakArIbhUya bhAsate yaH subarthaH sa taddhAtUpasthApyatAdRzakriyAyAM kArakam / --za0 za0 pra0, pR0 294 2. draSTavya-vibhaktyarthanirNaya, pR0 2-3 /

Page #85
kriyA tathA kAraka 65 jo kAraka ke bahiraMga kA nirUpaNa karate haiM / yadi bhASA prayoga ke kSetra meM vaktA kI udAratA tathA yadRcchA para dhyAna deM to koI-na-koI aisA udAharaNa mila hI jAyegA jisameM lakSaNa kI ativyApti yA avyApti hogI / ataeva bhartRhari ke 'zakti: sAdhanam' kA dArzanika siddhAnta hI isa dizA meM ekamAtra jyotiH stambha hai / nAgeza ne laghumaJjUSA ke subartha prakaraNa meM yahI siddhAnta apanAyA hai, tathApi apane anya granthoM meM ve laukika dRSTi rakhane vAloM ke lie uparyukta lakSaNoM kI hI araNyAnI meM vicaraNa karate rahe haiM / kAraka kriyA ko utpanna karane kI zakti kA hI dUsarA nAma hai ( kArakaM kriyAjanakatvazaktiH ) / yaha zakti dravya meM sthita hotI hai, ise sAdhana bhI kahA jAtA hai / jisa prakAra 'kAraka' nAmakaraNa kriyA ( kR dhAtu ) kI apekSA se huA hai, isI prakAra kriyA ke sAdhyatArUpa lakSaNa kI apekSA se ise 'sAdhana' nAma bhI diyA gayA | cU~ki siddha dravya svarUpataH kriyAjanaka nahIM ho sakatA, ataH usameM zakti kA AdhAna karanA Avazyaka hai, jisase vaha kriyA kI siddhi kara sake / yadyapi dravyoM meM sabhI zaktiyA~ sadA hI samavAya sambandha se rahatI haiM, kintu vivakSA ke adhIna unameM kisI eka samaya meM eka hI zakti kA prakAzana hotA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki kisI dravya meM eka samaya meM eka hI kAraka zakti udbhUta hotI hai / jaba 'sthAlI pacati' kahate haiM taba patA calatA hai ki sthAlI kI kartRtvazakti prakaTa huI hai / kAlAntara meM hama 'sthAlyAM pacati' bhI kaha sakate haiM taba isameM adhikaraNatvazakti kA udbhava vivakSita hotA hai / / nAgeza kahate haiM ki yadi dravya hI kAraka hotA to usakI ekarUpatA ke kAraNa jagat ke kAryoM meM pAyI jAnevAlI vicitratA kA upapAdana nahIM ho sakatA / 'ghaTaM pazya, ghaTena jalamAhara, ghaTe jalaM vidhehi' ityAdi meM ghaTAdigata kArya vaicitrya kA anubhava hameM aharniza hotA rahatA hai / dravyagata zakti ko sAdhana mAnane para isa kArya - vaicitrya kI upapatti ho sakatI hai, kyoMki uparyukta rIti se sabhI dravyoM meM sabhI zaktiyoM kI AzrayatA rahane se kAlavizeSa meM zaktivizeSa kI hI vivakSA hogI tathA ye vividha kArya saralatA se vyAkhyeya hoNge| kabhI-kabhI loka vyavahAra meM zakti se AviSTa dravya ko bhI sAdhana ke rUpa meM kahA jAtA hai; jaise - vRkSa apAdAna kAraka hai, rAma kartA hai ityAdi / isakA kAraNa hai zakti tathA zaktimAn kA abheda - bodha' / helArAja ne ise saMsargavAdI vaizeSikoM kA mata batalAyA hai / 'zaktyA karoti' isa 1. ' zaktimAtrAsamUhasya vizvasyAnekadharmaNaH / sarvadA sarvathA bhAvAt cit kiJcid vivakSyate // 2. 'zaktayaH zaktimantazca sarve saMsargavAdinAm / bhAvAsteSvatha zabdeSu sAdhanatvaM nirUpyate ' // - vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 2 -vA0 pa0 3 / 719

Page #86
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana vAkya-prayoga meM zakti ko dravyavat vyavahRta kiyA gayA hai, ataH isameM dUsarI karaNatvazakti kA yoga hai| kAraka ke isa zakti-siddhAnta kA nirvAha nAgeza ne laghamaJjUpA ke subartha-vicAra meMsabhI kArakavizeSoM ke nimpaNa meM kiyA hai / kAraka-bheda tathA unakA yuktimUlaka vikAsa dravyoM kI uparyukta prakAra se kriyAjanaka zaktiyA~ chaha prakAra kI hotI hai.---yaha antimarUpa se saMskRta vyAkaraNazAstra meM sarvamAnya siddhAnta hai| tadanusAra chaha kArakabheda hote haiM / yadyapi kAraka-zabda kA vyutpatti-nimitta ( avayavoM kI arthabodhakatAzakti ) kevala kartA kI hI zakti kA sandhAna karatA hai, tathApi zAstrataH jaba ise vyApaka artha meM lete haiM taba yaha chahoM svIkRta kArakoM kA bodhaka hotA hai| ve haiM--- kartA, karma, karaNa, sampradAna, apAdAna tathA adhikaraNa / isa vaividhya kA janma vAstava meM eka hI dravyazakti se hotA hai| yadi dravya se kevala kriyA-niSpatti kA bodha ho to ye sabhI kAraka apane meM nihita kartatvazakti kA pradarzana kareMge, kyoMki pratyeka kArakavizeSa meM do prakAra kI kriyotpAdikA zakti rahatI hai--sAmAnya tathA vizeSa / sAmAnya zakti to sabhI meM eka-sI hI rahatI hai, isalie usakA pradarzana vivakSita hone para unakI avyakta kartRzakti vyakta ho jAtI hai| jaise--'sthAlI pacati, edhAH pacanti, asizchinatti' / dravyoM meM eka dUsarI vizeSa zakti hai, jisase unameM paraspara vyAvRtti kA bodha hotA hai| eka hI pAkakriyA meM kASTha, sthAlI, odana, agni tathA sUpakAra kA sAmAnya vyApAra ( pAkakriyAsiddhi ) eka rahane para bhI vizeSa vyApAra eka hI nahIM hai / kASTha jisa prakAra se upakAra karatA hai usI prakAra se sthAlI kA vyApAra nahIM hotaa| vyApAra-vizeSa kI yaha abhivyakti hI kArakoM ko vaiyaktika svarUpa pradAna karatI hai, jisase ve kartA, karma, karaNAdi kahalAte haiM / hama isI adhyAya meM dekha cuke haiM ki kriyA ke vyApAra tathA phala se sAkSAt sambandha kramazaH kartA tathA karma kA hotA hai, kyoMki AzrayI ke rUpa meM vyApAra kartA meM tathA phala karma meM samaveta hotA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki ye do kAraka kriyA ke vyApArasampAdana meM tathA phala kI prApti meM sarvAdhika sahAyaka haiM, pratyuta sadyaH upakAraka haiM / isa prakAra prathama caraNa meM sabhI kArakoM meM kartatvazakti nihita hone ke kAraNa kartA ko mukhya sthAna diyA gayA hai| dvitIya caraNa meM sAkSAt kriyopakAraka hone se kartA tathA karma ko vaha sthAna prApta hotA hai / anya kAraka inhIM donoM meM se kisI eka ke 1. draSTavya-la0 ma0, pR0 1194 / 2. (ka) 'niSpattimAtre kartRtvaM sarvatravAsti kArake / vyApArabhedApekSAyAM karaNatvAdisambhavaH' / -vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 18 (kha) 'nimittabhedAdeva bhinnA zaktiH pratIyate / SoDhA kartRtvamevAhustatpravRttenibandhanam // -vahI, 37 / 37

Page #87
kriyA tathA kAraka mAdhyama se kriyopakAraka hote haiM / ataeva ve gauNa artha meM kAraka kahalAte haiM / yathA-'sthAlyAM pacati' adhikaraNa kAraka kA udAharaNa hai / yahA~ sthAlIgata adhikaraNatvazakti isIlie kriyopakAraka kahI jAtI hai ki sthAlI kriyA ke phala ko dhAraNa karane vAle odana ( karma ) ko dhAraNa kiye huI hai / isIlie yaha kriyA se parokSataH sambaddha hai / isI prakAra 'asinA chinatti' meM asi-niSTha karaNatvazakti chedana kriyA meM kartA kI sahAyatA karatI hai / kartA chedana - kriyA meM svatantratayA pravRtta hone para bhI isameM asirUpa sAdhana kI AvazyakatA samajhatA hai, jisake prayoga ke bAda kriyA avyavahita tathA sucAru rUpa se sampanna ho jAtI hai / kartA, karma, karaNa tathA adhikaraNa - ina cAra kArakoM kI hI sUkSma kartRtvazakti sAmAnyatayA abhivyakta hone kI kSamatA rakhatI hai / isa dRSTi se sampradAna tathA apAdAna pIche par3a jAte haiM / ataeva tRtIya caraNa meM hama ina cAroM ko hI pradhAna kAraka svIkAra kara sakate haiM / 67 sampradAna tathA apAdAna kI kArakatA kintu yaha bAta nahIM ki sampradAna tathA apAdAna meM kriyAjanakatA nahIM hai / prakAra tathA upakAra ke tAratamya ke kAraNa thor3A antara avazya hai / apAdAna kI svIkRti kA svarUpa hama pahale spaSTa kareM / kartA meM sthita, gati bhI hotI hai, jisake do prakAra haiM-- antargata tathA bahirgata / bahirgata gatividhi kI sthiti meM eka aisI vastu kI AvazyakatA hotI hai jahA~ se gati kA prArambha huA ho / gatikriyA meM vibhAga to hotA hI hai jisameM do anivArya tattva haiM - eka to gati dhAraNa karanevAlA kartA, dUsarA vaha padArtha jahA~ se gati kA Arambha huA ho / isa antima ko hI avadhi kahate haiN| yaha bhI do prakAra kI hotI hai- - yA to yaha kartA kI gati meM kriyAzIla hogI yA udAsIna rahegI / kriyAzIla rahane kI sthiti meM yaha svayaM bhI kartA hI ho jAyagI; jaise -- meSAvapasarata: ( donoM bheMr3eM alaga ho rahI haiM ) / kintu yadi yaha avadhi udAsIna hai to apAdAna kAraka hai; jaise- - vRkSAt patraM patati / udAsIna avadhibhUta vRkSa se kartA ( patra ) kI gati Arambha hotI hai, ataH kartA ke dvArA niSpanna hotevAlI gatikriyA meM apAdAna upakAraka hai / apAdAna sabhI dhAtuoM ke prayoga kI sthiti meM nahIM hotA, kevala vibhAgajanaka dhAtuoM kI dazA meM hI yaha hotA hai / isameM bhI yaha Avazyaka hai ki prakRta dhAtu kA vAcyArtha vibhAga nahIM ho; tyaj kA artha hI vibhAga hai, isake prayoga meM apAdAna nahIM ho sakatA - 'vRkSaM tyajati' / isI prakAra sampradAna meM bhI kriyA kA parokSatayA upakAra hotA hai / kriyA kA kucha phala to hotA hI hai jise karma dhAraNa karatA hai / 'ghaTamAnaya' meM Anayana kriyA isa prakAra kI jAtI hai ki ghaTa yathAzIghra sAmane A jAya / kintu kucha sthitiyoM meM yaha sadyaH phala kisI dUsare phala kI prApti meM sAdhaka bana jAtA hai; jaise- 'brAhmaNAya ghaTaM 1. R. C. Pandey, Problen of Meaning in Indian Phil., p. 144.

Page #88
68 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana dehi / isa vAkya meM dAna-kriyA kA phala ghaTarUpa karma meM nihita hai, ghaTa phalAzraya hai| kintu yaha phala brAhmaNa ko prApta honevAle phala kA sAdhana hai| dAna kA karma ghaTa hai aura ghaTa kA dAna brAhmaNa ko phala milane ke lie ho rahA hai| isa prakAra phalAzrayabhUta karma eka dUsare Azraya brAhmaNa kA nirdeza karatA hai / tadanusAra brAhmaNa ghaTa-karma ke dvArA dAna-kriyA ke phala ke sampAdana meM upakAraka hai, ataH ise pRthak-kAraka-sampradAna kahA jAtA hai| sampradAna meM bhI apAdAna ke hI samAna sabhI kriyAoM kA upayoga nahIM hotaa| kucha vaiyAkaraNa to kevala dAnArthaka dhAtuoM taka hI sampradAna ko sImita karate haiM, kintu dUsare katipaya anya dhAtuoM ke sAtha bhI isakI sthiti kI kalpanA karate haiM / phira bhI inakI saMkhyA sImita hai| yadyapi antima caraNa meM jAkara ina donoM ko bhI kArakoM ke bIca sthAna mila jAtA hai, kyoMki kartA ( apAdAna kI sthiti meM ) yA karma ( sampradAna kI sthiti meM ) ke mAdhyama se ye kucha sImita-saMkhyaka kriyAoM kA upakAra karate haiM, tathApi kucha sthAnoM meM inakA kArakatva saMzaya ke sAtha dekhA gayA hai / saMzaya ke mukhya kAraNa isa prakAra hai (1) jo bhI kAraka hotA hai vaha avazya hI kartA bhI ho sakatA hai, kyoMki tattat kArakoM kI avivakSA hone para dravya kI antanihita kartRtvazakti abhivyakta ho jAtI hai / sampradAna tathA apAdAna ke sAtha aisI bAta nahIM hotii| 'zRGgAt zaro jAyate', 'ajAvilomabhyo dUrvA jAyate' ityAdi udAharaNoM meM jo apAdAna kI avivakSA meM 'zRGgaM zaro jAyate' ityAdi dikhalAye jAte haiM vahA~ vAstava meM mUlataH adhikaraNakAraka hI yuktiyukta hai-'zRGge zaro jAyate' / kevala paJcamI vibhakti ke vidhAna ke lie hI jan dhAtu ke prayoga meM apAdAna kA vidhAna pANini ne kiyA hai / kintu yaha kahanA yuktisaMgata nahIM lagatA ki paJcamI ke vidhAna mAtra ke lie isameM kAraka kI kalpanA huI hai| yadi vahI karanA pANini ko abhISTaM hotA to ve 'kriyAjanyApAyAvadhau paJcamI' kaha dete| isIlie vaiyAkaraNoM ne avadhi ke rUpa meM sthita rahanA hI apAdAna kA vyApAra mAnA hai / ataH yaha kAraka hai| (2) kartA, karmAdi cAra kArakoM meM jisa prakAra kriyA-sAmAnya kA bodhaka kRdhAtu anusyUta hai usa prakAra sampradAna-apAdAna meM nhiiN| yahA~ vAstavika bAta yaha hai ki sampradAna tathA apAdAna sabhI dhAtuoM kI sthiti meM nahIM hote, kucha nizcita dhAtuoM ke prayoga meM hI ye kAraka hote haiN| kintu yaha sabala yukti nahIM hai jo inakI kArakatA para AkSepa kare, kyoMki karma-kAraka bhI to kevala sakarmaka dhAtuoM taka hI sImita hai / yaha satya hai ki bhASA-vikAsa kI Arambhika sthiti meM kriyA-sAmAnya ke sambandha ke 1. R. C. Pandey, Problem of Meaning in Indian Phil., 145. 2. rAmAjJA pANDeya, vyAkaraNadarzanabhUmikA, pR0 208-14 / 3. vahI, pR0 209 /

Page #89
kriyA tathA kAraka kAraNa pramukha cAra hI kAraka svIkArya hue hoMge, bAda meM kriyA-vizeSa se sambandha rakhane ke kAraNa sampradAna-apAdAna bhI kArakoM meM antarbhUta hue| Upara hama loga dekha hI cuke haiM ki chahoM kArakoM ke vikAsa meM cAra caraNa lage haiN| (3) dhAtu se vAcya kriyA kI vRtti ukta cAra hI kArakoM meM hotI hai, sampradAnaapAdAna meM nahIM / yahI kAraNa hai ki ina donoM kI kartRtvavivakSA nahIM hotii| kintu kriyA ke prakRta dhAtu se avAcya hone kA yaha artha nahIM hai ki usameM kriyAbodha ho hI nahIM rahA hai / kriyA to sampradAna-apAdAna meM rahatI hI hai| hA~, yaha avazya hai ki apAdAna meM mukhya sthAna jo apAya ( vibhAga ) kA hai, vaha prayukta dhAtu kA vAcya nahIM ho| apAdAna meM avadhi-sthita vyApAra tathA sampradAna meM anumati Adi dene kA vyApAra to hai hii| vyApAra dhAtu se vAcya hI ho, yaha Avazyaka nhiiN| pratIyamAna vyApAra bhI kAraka-vyavahAra kA prayojaka hai / bhASyakAra pataJjali ne jo anya kArakoM ke kartRtva-nidarzana ke samaya 'apAdAnAdInAM tvaprasiddhiH' (pR0 243 ) kahA hai vaha vAstava meM pUrvapakSa se diyA gayA AkSepa-vArtika hai / isakA abhiprAya yahI hai ki apAdAna-sampradAna kA kartRtva ho sakatA hai kintu vyavahAra meM nahIM calatA / 'kAraka' zabda meM do khaNDa haiM-prakRti ( kR-dhAtu ) tathA pratyaya ( tRc-pratyaya-karSarthaka ) / yadi pratyaya para bala deMge to ina donoM kArakoM ke kArakatva-vyavasthApana meM kaThinAI hogI, kintu yadi prakRti para dhyAna deM to kriyA se sambandha to unakA bhI hai hii| niSkarSataH sampradAna tathA apAdAna bhI kAraka hI haiM, yadyapi inheM kArakoM ke bIca sthAna antima caraNa meM milA hogA-aisA anumAna hotA hai| tadanusAra kArakoM kI kula saMkhyA chaha hotI hai| inakI saMkhyA meM vRddhi nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki nAma tathA kriyA meM dUsare prakAra ke ( chaha ke atirikta ) sambandhoM ke hone para bhI ve sambandha bahuta hI dUra se anvita hote haiM, jinheM nyAya kI bhASA meM hama' 'anyathAsiddha' kaha sakate haiN| kumbhakAra kA pitA ghaTa kA kAraNa nahIM kahalA sakatA, bhale hI vaha ghaTakartA kumbhakAra kA kAraNa hai| usI prakAra dUrAnvaya-doSa se grasta padArtha kriyA ke nimitta nahIM hote| ina sambandhoM ko upapada-sambandha kahate haiM jisakA vicAra hama agale adhyAya meM kreNge| kisI bhI bhASA meM kAraka kA uparyukta lakSaNa dene para chaha se adhika kAraka ho hI nahIM skte| unakI nyUnatama saMkhyA do hai, kyoMki kriyA ke phala tathA vyApAra ko dhAraNa karanevAle to koI hoMge hii| 1. 'zabdazaktisvAbhAvyAccApAdAnasampradAnavyApAre dhAtunaM vartate / vastutastvapAdAnasyAvadhibhAvanAvasthAnaM vyApAro'sti, sampradAnasyApyanumananAdilakSaNaH / pratIyamAno'pi vyApAraH kArakavyapadezanibandhanam / yathA-praviza piNDImiti' / -kayaTakRta pradIpa 2, pR0 244 / 2. nAgezakRta udyota 2, pR0 244 /

Page #90
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana kArakoM ke krama kA nirdeza mukhyatayA vibhakti ke krama ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai / ataeva kartA, karma, karaNa, sampradAna, apAdAna tathA adhikaraNa - ye kAraka isa krama se ginAye jAte haiM / pANini ke sUtroM meM 'vipratiSedha- paribhASA' kA anurodha rakhakara dUsarA krama rakhA gayA hai-apAdAna, sampradAna, karaNa, adhikaraNa, karma tathA kartA / isameM paraspara tulya bala se virodha yA yugapat prApti hone para paravartI kAraka kA prAdhAnya hotA hai / hama loga ina kArakoM ke caraNa krama se mahattva kA nirUpaNa kara cuke haiM, usa dRSTi se kramazaH mahattvapUrNa banane vAle kArakoM kA pANinIya krama atizaya vaijJAnika hai / 70 1. za0 za0 pa0, pR0 345 para bhartRhari ke nAma se uddhRta'apAdAnasampradAnakAraNAdhArakarmaNAm / kartuzvobhayasamprAptau parameva pravartate' |

Page #91
adhyAya:3 kAraka tathA vibhakti kAraka-sambandha tathA upapada-sambandha pichale adhyAya meM hama yaha dekha cuke haiM ki kisI vAkya meM padoM ke bIca do prakAra ke sambandha hote haiM / pahalA sambandha nAma tathA kriyA ke bIca meM hai jise kAraka-sambandha kahate haiM / dUsarA sambandha do nAma-padoM ke bIca athavA nAma ( subanta ) kA avyApaka artha lene para nAma evaM kriyetara tattvoM ( nipAta, karmapravacanIya tathA nAma ) ke bIca hotA hai jise upapada-sambandha kahate haiM / yathA-gurave namaH / yahA~ 'namaH' nipAta hai, jisakA sambandha guru ke sAtha pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra 'A kailAsAt', 'adhi rAme bhUH', 'vRkSaM prati' ityAdi udAharaNoM meM A, adhi, prati--ye karmapravacanIya haiM, jo tattat subantoM se sambaddha haiM / yahA~ paramparayA kisI kriyA kA sambandha bhale hI ho kintu subantoM kA sAkSAt sambandha una kriyetara tattvoM se hI hai, kyoMki ye tattva hI una subantoM kA niyamana karate haiM ki kisI ke sAtha dvitIyAdi vibhaktiyA~ hoNgii| donoM prakAra ke sambandha vibhaktiyoM ke dvArA vyakta hote haiN| 'vRkSaM pazyati' meM vRkSa-zabda meM lagI huI dvitIyA ekavacana kI vibhakti ( am ) darzana-kriyA tathA vRkSa ke bIca pravRtta hone vAle sambandha ko vyakta karatI hai| yahAM donoM kA sambandha kArakAtmaka hai, kyoMki isakA kriyA se sAkSAt saMsarga hai| dUsarI ora 'vRkSaM prati' meM ThIka vahI vibhakti 'prati' ( karmapravacanIya ) tathA vRkSa ke bIca ke sambandha ko prakaTa karatI hai / yahA~ vibhakti ke dvArA upapada-sambandha kI abhivyakti ho rahI hai / sambandhoM ke isa vaiSamya ke kAraNa vibhakti-sAdRzya hone para bhI donoM vibhaktiyoM meM bheda haiupapada-sambandha prakaTa karanevAlI vibhakti kAraka-sambandha prakaTa karanevAlI vibhakti se pRthak hai / nyAyazAstra meM vibhakti-zabda kA vyApaka artha meM prayoga hotA hai| vahA~ pada kI vRtti ( vyavahAra-hetu ) ko vibhakti kahate haiM / isI artha meM gautama ne 'te vibhaktyantAH padam' ( nyA0 sU0 2 / 2 / 57 ) sUtra meM vibhakti-zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / tadanusAra pada banAnevAle pratyaya ko vibhakti kahate haiN| hama jAnate haiM ki supa tathA tiGa ye do hI pratyaya pada banAne kI kSamatA rakhate haiM, ataeva vibhakti ke antargata sup tathA tiG donoM pratyaya Ate haiN| jagadIza ne2 pratyayoM ke 4 bhAga karate hue vibhakti ko 1. "dvidhA kaizcitpadaM bhinnaM caturdhA paJcadhApi vaa| -vA0pa0 3 / 1 / 1 2. za0 za0 pra0, kA0 60 /

Page #92
saMskRta - vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana prathama varga meM rakhA hai tathA punaH ise sup evaM tiG ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai / sup tathA tiG to pANini ke pratyAhAra ke AdhAra para vyavahRta honevAlI kAlpanika saMjJAe~ hai, lAghava ke lie svIkRta haiM / vAtsyAyana ne inheM kramazaH nAmikI ( nAma zabdoM meM prApta vibhakti ) tathA AkhyAtikI ( AkhyAta zabdoM meM prApta vibhakti ) kahA hai / 'brAhmaNaH pacati' meM ina donoM ke udAharaNa haiM / prathama pada meM prathamA ekavacana hI 'su' vibhakti tathA dUsare meM laTlakAra prathamapuruSa ekavacana kI 'tipa' vibhakti hai / donoM hI pada banAne ke kAma Ate haiM / pANini vyAkaraNa meM bhI vibhakti-zabda kA lakSaNa aisA diyA gayA hai ki sup tathA tiG donoM pratyayoM ko antarbhUta kare / 'vibhaktizca' ( pA0 sU0 1|4|104 ) ke anusAra sup tathA tiG donoM meM tIna-tIna pratyayoM ke gaNa vibhakti kahalAte haiM; jaise- su au jas, am auT zas ityAdi / ye sup ke gaNa haiM / isI prakAra tiG ke gaNa haiM - tip tas jhi, sip thas tha ityAdi / vibhakti aura sup kI paryAyarUpatA 72 isa pANinIya artha meM vibhakti-zabda kA grahaNa karane ke kAraNa nAgeza apanI laghumaMjUSA meM vibhaktyartha jaise zabda kA prayoga na karake spaSTIkaraNa ke lie subarthavicAra tathA tiGartha- vicAra - ye do pRthak-pRthak prakaraNa rakhate haiM, yadyapi uparyukta artha meM donoM hI vibhaktyartha ke aMga hoNge| itanA hone para bhI vibhakti-zabda mukhya rUpa se sup-pratyayoM ke abhidhAyaka ke rUpa meM prayukta hotA hai / tiG pratyayoM kI zAstrataH vibhakti -saMjJA hone para bhI isa artha meM usakA nagaNya prayoga hai / yahA~ taka ki pANini sUtroM meM bhI sup kehI artha meM vibhakti-zabda bahudhA prayukta hai / yathA - ' avyayaM vibhaktisamIpa 0 ' ( pA0 sU0 2 / 1 / 6), 'prAgdizo vibhakti:' ( 51311 ), 'sAvekAcastRtIyAdivibhakti:' ( 6 / 1 / 168), 'iko'ci vibhaktau ' ( 7 / 1173), 'aSTana A vibhaktau' ( 7|2|84 ) ityAdi / isase spaSTa hai ki pANini bhI vibhakti ke vyAvahArika artha ke samakSa usake kalpita zAstrIya artha kA tiraskAra karate haiM / pataJjali ke bhI aise kaI prayoga liye jA sakate haiM jahA~ unhoMne subartha ko vibhaktyartha kahA hai / yathA 'taddhitazcAsarvavibhaktiH' ( pA0 sU0 1 / 1 / 38 ) para diye gaye bhASya meM ve kahate haiM ki kucha avyayoM meM vibhaktyartha ( - subartha ) kI pradhAnatA hotI hai to kucha meM kriyA pradhAna hotI hai / vibhaktyartha pradhAna avyayoM ke udAharaNa haiM --- uccaiH, nIcaH ityAdi / hiruk pRthak ityAdi kriyA-pradhAna avyaya haiM / avyaya hone vAle taddhita bhI vibhaktyartha pradhAna hote haiM - yathA, yatra, tatra, ata: / nAnA, vinA ityAdi kriyApradhAna haiM / subartha ke hI rUpa meM vibhaktyartha zabda kA grahaNa karate hue isa prakAra ke prakaraNa grantha bhI likhe gaye haiM; jaise - kamalAkarabhaTTa kRta vibhaktyartha prakAza, giridhara bhaTTAcArya 1. vAtsyAyana bhASya, 2 / 2 / 57 / 2. mahAbhASya, kIlahAna-sampAdita 1, pR0 95 /

Page #93
kAraka tathA vibhakti 73 kRta vibhaktyartha-nirNaya' ityAdi / prastuta adhyAya meM hama isI sandarbha meM vibhakti zabda kA grahaNa karate hue yaha kahate haiM ki vibhakti ke dvArA kAraka tathA upapada-ye donoM vAkya-sambandha prakaTa hote haiN| ina sambandhoM ko prakaTa karanevAlI vibhaktiyA~ bhI kramazaH kArakavibhakti tathA upapadavibhakti kahalAtI haiN| ina vibhaktiyoM ke sAta bheda haiM jinheM pANini ne tIna vacanoM ke gaNoM meM rakhA hai-(1) prathamA-- su au jas / (2) dvitIyA-am auTa zas / ( 3 ) tRtIyA-TA bhyAm bhis / ( 4 ) caturthI-De bhyAm bhyas / (5) paJcamI-isi bhyAm bhyas / ( 6 ) SaSThI-Gas os Am / (7) saptamI-Gi os sup (pA0 sU0 4 / 1 / 2) / sabhI prAtipadikoM se ina vibhaktiyoM kA vidhAna hotA hai| inheM hI pratyAhArata: 'sup' kahA jAtA hai / vibhaktiyoM ke do rUpa : kArakavibhakti tathA upapadavibhakti ___ sup-pratyayoM ( vibhaktiyoM ) ke artha ke viSaya meM pANini-vyAkaraNa meM vizada vicAra huA hai / vibhinna vibhaktiyoM ke viSaya meM pramukha niyama nimnalikhita haiM (1) prathamA kArakavibhakti-abhidhAnamAtra meM prathamA vibhakti hotI hai, cAhe koI bhI kAraka ho| yathA-jvalatyagniH ( kartA ), pacyate odanaH ( karma ), snAnIyaM cUrNam ( karaNa ), dAnIyo vipraH ( sampradAna ), bhImo rAkSasaH ( apAdAna ), AsanaM pITham ( adhikaraNa ) / isIlie pANini ne prAtipadikArthamAtra meM prathamA kA vidhAna kiyA hai ( 2 / 3 / 46 ), jisake anusAra sattA, liMga, parimANa yA vacana mAtra meM prathamA hotI hai-uccaiH, kumArI, droNaH, ekaH / ina saboM meM abhihitakartA hai, jo gamyamAna astyAdi-kriyA se sambaddha hai| yadi kozAdi granthoM meM kriyA-virahita rUpa meM prathamA kA prayoga ho to ise upapadavibhakti kahA jA sakatA hai| ___ abhidhAna ke kaI sAdhana haiM; jaise-tiG ( kriyate kaTa: ), kRt ( kRtaH kaTa: ), taddhita ( zatena krItaH zatyaH ) tathA samAsa (prAptodako grAmaH)2 / kabhI-kabhI nipAtazabdoM ke dvArA bhI abhidhAna dekhA jAtA hai--viSavRkSo'pi saMvayaM svayaM chattumasAmpratam' ( kumArasaMbhava 2 / 55 ), 'kramAvamuM nArada ityavodhi saH' ( zizu0 1 / 3 ) / kintu yaha niyama sArvatrika nahIM hai-'pariNatimiti rAtre gadhA mAdhavAya praNijagaduH' ( zizu0 11 / 1) / upapadavibhakti--( ka ) sambodhana meM prathamA vibhakti hotI hai-he rAma ! ( kha ) sambandha ke bhI abhihitaM hone para prathamA hotI hai; yathA--gomAn rAmaH ( gAvo devadattasya ) / 1. 'iha khalu sarveSAM vibhaktyarthAnAM bhavatyanvayaH iti vibhaktyartho nirUpyate / tatra kArakAkArakabhedAtsa dvdhaa'| -vibhaktyarthanirNaya, pR0 1 2. kAzikA 2 / 3 / 1 / 3. rabhasanandi, kArakasambandhodyota, pR0 4-6 /

Page #94
74 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana (2) dvitIyA kArakavibhakti-( ka ) sabhI prakAra ke anibhihita karmoM meM dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai (2 / 3 / 2) / jaise-ghaTaM karoti (nirvartya) / svarNa kuNDalaM karoti (vikArya) / grAmaM gacchati (prApya) / viSaM bhuGkte (dveSya) / grAmaM gacchan tRNaM spRzati (udaasiin)| gAM dogdhi payaH ( akathita ) / svargamadhyAste ( anyapUrvaka ) / (kha ) katipaya prayojya kartAoM meM bhI karma-kAraka mAnakara ( 1 / 4 / 52-53 ) dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai| yaha bhI anyapUrvaka karma hai, kintu spaSTIkaraNa ke lie pRthak vinyAsa kiyA jAtA hai-vipraM grAmaM gamayati / zizuM zAyayati / bhRtyaM ( bhRtyena vA ) bhAraM hArayati / upapadavibhakti --( ka ) antarA, antareNa ( 2 / 3 / 4 ), ubhayataH, sarvataH, dhik, upari Adi ( = adhaH, adhi ) kI dvirukti hone para yAvat, abhitaH, paritaH, samayA, nikaSA, hA, prati, vinA--ityAdi avyayoM ke sAtha dvitIyA hotI hai| (kha ) kAlavAcaka tathA adhvavAcaka zabdoM meM dvitIyA hotI hai, yadi atyantasaMyoga ( vyApti ) kA bodha ho; yathA-mAsaM kalyANI, krozaM kuTilA ndii| mAsamadhIte, krozamadhIte - ityAdi meM sakarmaka dhAtuoM ke sAtha bhI vyApti ke artha meM udAharaNa hote haiM / artha hai-mAsaM vyaapyaadhiite| 'mAsamAste, mAsaM tiSThati' meM akarmaka dhAtuoM ke yoga meM vArtikakAra ne deza, kAla, bhAva tathA gantavya mArga ko karmasaMjJA mAnakara dvitIyA kA vidhAna kiyA hai| ataeva vaha kArakavibhakti hai| 'kAlAdhvanoratyantasaMyoge' ( 2 / 3 / 5 ) se honevAlI pUrvokta dvitIyA upapadavibhakti hI vyavasthita hotI hai| 'mAsaM vyAkaraNaM paThati' kaheM yA kevala 'mAsaM paThati' donoM meM mAsagata upapadavibhakti hI hai / akarmaka dhAtuoM ke sAtha kAlAdi ke karmatva kI upapatti zAstra ( vArtika ) se hotI hai / vAstava meM 'kAlAdhva0' sUtra ke udAharaNoM meM 'yAvat' gamyamAna rahatA hai--mAsaM ( yAvat ) kAvyaM paThati / nAgeza yahA~ vyApakatva ko dvitIyA kA artha mAnate haiM / isI prakAra 'ekAdazImupavasanti' ekAdazI-tithi kI vyAptiparyanta upavAsa kA vidhAna hai / akarmaka dhAtu hone se kAla ko karmasaMjJA huI hai tathA yaha kArakavibhakti hai / athavA 'yAvat' kI gamyamAnatA se prastuta sUtra dvArA bhI vibhakti vidheya hai| (ga ) karmapravacanIyoM ke yoga meM sAmAnya rUpa se dvitIyA hotI hai ( 2 / 3 / 8) / isake kaI apavAda bhI haiN| pANini ne 'anurlakSaNe' (1 / 4 / 84 ) se 'adhirIzvare' ( 2 / 4 / 97 ) taka karmapravacanIya-saMjJaka anu, upa, apa, pari, AG, prati, abhi, adhi, su, ati, api-ina zabdoM kA arthasahita ullekha kiyA hai| inameM AdhikyArthaka zabdoM ke yoga meM saptamI ( adhi rAme bhUH, adhi bhuvi raamH--2|3|9) tathA apa, AG, pari ke yoga meM paJcamI hotI hai / zeSa zabdoM meM dvitIyA vihita hai-japamanu prAvarSat / vRkSaM prati / 1. la0 ma0, pR0 1339 /

Page #95
kAraka tathA vibhakti (3) tRtIyA kArakavibhakti-( ka ) anabhihita kartA tathA karaNa meM tRtIyA hotI hai; yathArAmeNa bANena hato vAlI ( kartRkaraNayostRIyA 2 / 3 / 18 ) / kabhI-kabhI kriyA ke zrUyamANa na hone para bhI kArakavibhakti hotI hai-alaM zrameNa ( = sAdhyaM nAsti ) / yahA~ gamyamAna sAdhanakriyA ke prati zrama karaNa hai, jisakI niSedhamukhI pravRtti huI hai| isI prakAra 'akSardIvyati' ( 1 / 4 / 43 ), 'zatena parikrItaH' ( 1 / 4 / 44 )-.ye bhI sthitivizeSa meM karaNa ke udAharaNa haiM / (kha ) vaidika bhASA meM hu-dhAtu ke karma meM tRtIyA hotI hai--yavAgvA'gnihotraM juhoti ( yavAgU-rUpa havya pradAna karatA hai ) / agnihotra=havi / / (ga ) sam-pUrvaka jJA-dhAtu ke karma ko vaikalpika tRtIyA hotI hai ( 2 / 3 / 22 ) / jaise--mAtrA ( mAtaraM vA ) saJjAnIte / upapadavibhakti- ( ka ) kAla tathA adhva vAcaka zabdoM ke prayoga meM yadi vyApti ke sAtha-sAtha phalaprApti ( apavarga-kAryasamApti ) kA bhI bodha ho to unameM tRtIyA hotI hai-mAsena taddhitAH adhItAH, krozenAnuvAko'dhItaH ( pA0 sU0 2 / 3 / 6 ) / (kha ) prakRti, caritra, gotra, prAya, svabhAva, sukha ityAdi meM tRtIyA lagAne kI zailI hai; yathA-prakRtyA cAruH, prAyeNa yAjJikaH, nAmnA rAvaNaH, jAtyA kSatriyaH, sukhena yAti / tattvabodhinIkAra ke anusAra ina prayogoM kI siddhi gamyamAna kriyAoM ke karaNa ke rUpa meM hI ho sakatI hai / vAstava meM vArtikakAra ne 'kartRkaraNayostRtIyA' ke prasaMga meM hI isa vArtika-vidhAna kI sthApanA kI hai| yadi hama isakA karaNa kAraka se pRthak vidhAna kareM to ina zabdoM meM tRtIyA ke atirikta koI dUsarI vibhakti ho hI nahIM skegii| tadanusAra 'prakRtyA' ityAdi rUDha hokara avyayavat ho jaayeNge| dUsarI ora prazna hotA hai ki jaba karaNa se hI kAma cala jAtA hai to vArtikakAra ne pRthaka upasaMkhyAna karane kI AvazyakatA hI kyoM samajhI ? vastusthiti yaha hai ki tRtIyAvibhakti meM ina zabdoM ke rahane se muhAvaredAra ( idiomatic ) prayoga hote the| ataH yahA~ karaNa-kAraka nahIM hai| (ga ) sahArthaka zabdoM ke yoga meM apradhAna ke bodhaka zabda meM tRtIyA vibhakti hotI hai; yathA---zazinA saha yAti kaumudii| kabhI-kabhI sahAdi ke gamyamAna rahane para bhI yaha niyama lagatA hai-marudbhiragna A mahi ( R0 saM0 1 / 19 / 2 ), payasA khalvovanaM bhujIya ( mahAbhASya 1 / 4 / 49 ) / (gha) jisa aMga ke vikAra se pUre aMgI kA vikAra lakSita ho usa aMga ke vAcaka zabda meM tRtIyA hotI hai-akSaNA kANaH / yadi kevala aMga kA hI vikAra jJAta ho to tRtIyA nahIM hotI-akSi kANamasya ( usakI eka A~kha kAnI hai)| yahA~ 'kANa' akSi kA vizeSaNa hai, aMgadhArI manuSya kA nahIM / (yenAGgavikAraH 2 / 3 / 30) / 1. tRtIyA ca hozchandasi ( pA0 sU0 2 / 3 / 3 ) / draSTavya-siddhAntakaumudI meM vaidikI prakriyA kA sambandha-sthala /

Page #96
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana (Da) jisa lakSaNa ( cihna ) ke dvArA kisI vastu kA prakAra-vizeSa jJAta ho usameM tRtIyA hotI hai; yathA-jaTAbhistApasaH, pustakena chAtramapazyam / yahA~ jaTA tathA pustaka kramazaH tApasa tathA chAtra ke viziSTa lakSaNa haiM, jinase unheM pahacAnA jA sakatA hai / kintu 'kamaNDalupANiH chAtraH' meM tRtIyA nahIM hogI, kyoMki samAsa meM lakSaNa antarbhUta ho gayA hai| vigraha hogA-kamaNDalu: pANau yasya ( bahuvrIhi ) / nAgeza batalAte haiM ki yadyapi 'jaTAbhistApasaH' meM jJAnakriyA ke karaNa ke rUpa meM jaTA kI siddhi ho jAtI hai tathApi vaha yahA~ avivakSita hai| kevala lakSyalakSaNabhAva kI yahA~ vivakSA hai| ( ca ) hetu-bodhaka zabda meM tRtIyA hotI hai-dhanena kulam / vidyayA yazaH / karaNa tathA hetu kA vicAra hama karaNa-kAraka ke prasaMga meM kareMge / yadi hetuvAcaka zabda guNa ho to usase vaikalpika tRtIyA hotI hai ( pakSa meM-paJcamI )-jADyena baddhaH ( jADyAd vA ) / strIliMga guNa-zabdoM se kevala tRtIyA hotI hai-buddhayA muktaH, prajJayA muktaH / ( cha ) hetu-zabda yA usake paryAya kA prayoga ho to sarvanAma se tRtIyA ityAdi sabhI vibhaktiyA~ hotI haiM- kena hetutA, kena nimittena vasati / kasmai nimittAya ityAdi / ( sarvanAmnastRtIyA ca 2 / 3 / 27 ) / ( ja ) pRthak, vinA, nAnA-inake yoga meM tRtIyA tathA paJcamI vibhaktiyA~ hotI haiN| ( jha ) tulyArthaka zabdoM meM tRtIyA ( tathA SaSThI ) hotI hai-kRSNena (kRSNasya ) tulyam, sadRzam, samAnam / (4) caturthI kArakavibhakti-( ka ) sabhI sambaddha sUtroM tathA vArtikoM ke dvArA vihita anibhihita sampradAya kAraka meM turthI vibhakti hotI hai| yathA-brAhmaNAya gAM dadAti / patye zete / bAlakAya modakaH svadate / zatAya ( zatena ) parikrItaH bhRtyaH / ( kha ) ceSTA kA bodha karAnevAle gatyarthaka dhAtuoM ke karma-kAraka meM mArgavAcaka zabdoM ko chor3akara dvitIyA tathA caturthI--ye donoM vibhaktiyAM hotI haiM / yathA-prAmaM ( grAmAya vA ) vrajati / ceSTA kA artha nahIM hone para kevala dvitIyA hotI hai-manamA pATaliputraM vrajati / yahA~ mAnasika gati kA artha hai-ceSTA ( bAhya gati kA nhiiN)| isI prakAra mArgavAcaka zabda karma meM ho to kevala dvitIyA hotI haimArga, panthAnaM gacchati / kintu jahA~ kupatha se supatha para jAne kA artha ho vahAM caturthI hotI hai-pathe gacchati (pA0 sU0 2 / 3 / 12) / gatyarthaka dhAtuoM ke prayoga meM dvitIyA, 1. laghuzabdenduzekhara, pR0 436 / 2. draSTavya-hariharakRpAludvivedI zatAbdI grantha meM lekhaka kA nibandha-hetukaraNavivekaH /

Page #97
kAraka tathA vibhakti oo caturthI tathA saptamI -- ye vibhaktiyA~ hotI haiM, kintu artha meM sUkSma antara rahatA hai / 'grAmaM gacchati' meM mukhyataH gati kI dizA kA nirdeza hai ki gA~va kI ora usakI gati hai tathA vahA~ taka use paha~canA hai| 'grAmAya gacchati' meM gati ke lie dizA kA nirdeza hai ki kartA usa sthAna taka pahu~cane ke uddezya se calatA hai / 'grAme gacchati' meM sthAna taka pahu~cane tathA vahA~ para Thaharane kA bhI artha hai| (ga ) aprayukta tumunnanta kriyA ke karma-kAraka meM caturthI hotI hai| yadi usakA prayoga ho jAya to usameM dvitIyA hI hogii| yathA----puSpebhyo yAti ( puSpANi hatta yAti ) / 'hartum' kriyA aprayujyamAna hai, jisakA karma puSpa hai, ataH usameM caturthI huI hai| ( kriyArthopapadasya ca karmaNi sthAninaH 2 / 3 / 14 ) / (gha ) divAdi-gaNavAle man-dhAtu ke aprANivAcaka karma-kAraka meM anAdara ( tiraskAra ) kA artha hone para caturthI tathA dvitIyA-ye donoM vibhaktiyA~ hotI haiM / yathA-na tvAM tRNaM ( tRNAya vA ) manye ( pA0 sU0 2 / 3 / 17 ) / kAtyAyana ke anusAra aprANivAcaka zabda se yahA~ nau, kAka, anna, zuka, zRgAla---- ina zabdoM se bhinna zabda kA bodha karanA cAhie, vaha prANivAcaka ho yA aprANivAcaka / tadanusAra 'na tvA zune ( zvAnaM vA ) manye' hotA hai| kintu ukta parigaNita zabdoM ke sAtha kevala dvitIyA hI hotI hai---na tvA zukaM manye / ye saMmRSTa prayoga saMskRta ke jIvita bhASA hone ke paryApta pramANa haiN| upapadavibhakti-( ka ) tAdarthya ( eka vastu kA dUsarI vastu ke lie honA ) jJAta hone para caturthI hotI hai-yUpAya dAru ( khUTe ke lie lakar3I ) / kuNDalAya hiraNyam / randhanAya sthAlI / brAhmaNAya dadhi / kAvyaM yazase / ( kha ) klapa ke artha vAle dhAtuoM kA prayoga hone para utpanna kiye jAne vAle padArtha ke vAcaka zabda meM caturthI vibhakti hotI hai-bhaktiH jJAnAya kalpate, sampadyate, jAyate, bhavati / yahA~ utpAdya padArtha jJAna hai| (ga ) prANiyoM ke zubha yA azubha ke sUcaka bhautika vikAra ( utpAta ) ke dvArA jisakA bodha karAyA jAya usake vAcaka zabda meM caturthI hotI hai-vAtAya kapilA vidyata / kapila varNa kI bijalI prAkRtika vikAra hai jo bhaviSyatkAla meM AnevAlI A~dhI kA jJApana karatI hai / yahA~ 'kriyArthoSapada0' ke anusAra 'vAtaM jJApayituM kapilA vidyut bhavati' ke rUpa meM vizleSaNa karake caturthI kAraka-vibhakti kI bhI upapatti kI jA sakatI hai| (gha ) tumun pratyaya ke samAnArthaka jo kRtpratyaya ( ghaJ, lyuTa Adi ) bhAva artha meM vihita ho to usase bane hue kRdanta zabda meM caturthI hotI hai-pAkAya ( -paktam ) agnimAharati / zravaNAya ( zrotuM ) samAgataH / tumunnanta ko kriyArthA kriyA kahate haiM, kyoMki eka dUsarI kriyA ke sampAdana ke lie yaha hotI hai| 1. Cf. I. J. S. Taraporewala, Sanskrit Syntax, p. 40.

Page #98
78 saMskRta vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana ( ca ) namaH, svasti, svAhA, svadhA, alam, vaSaT Adi ke yoga meM caturthI hotI hai / yathA-guruve namaH / rAjJe svasti / agnaye svAhA / alaM mallo mallAya / 'alam' yahA~ para paryApta ke artha meM liyA gayA hai, ataeva tadarthaka anya zabdoM ke yoga meM bhI caturthI hotI hai / yathA-daityebhyo hariralam, prabhuH, samarthaH, zaktaH / prabhu Adi zabdoM ke yoga meM SaSThI bhI hotI hai; jaise--'prabhurbubhUSurbhuvanatrayasya yaH' ( zizu0 ) / ( cha ) AzIrvAda kA artha jJAta hone para AyuSya, madra, bhadra, kuzala, sukha , artha tathA hita- ina zabdoM ke yoga meM caturthI tathA SaSThI-ye donoM vibhaktiyA~ hotI haiM / yathA-AyuSyaM devadattAya ( devadattasya vA ) bhUyAt / inhIM arthoM meM nirAmaya, zam, prayojana Adi zabdoM ke yoga meM bhI ye vibhaktiyA~ hotI haiM--'zaM no devIrabhiSTaya Apo bhavantu pItaye' ( atharva0 ) / (5) paJcamI kArakavibhakti-( ka ) sabhI prakAra ke anabhihita apAdAnoM meM paMcamI vibhakti hotI hai; yathA-vakSAtpatati / caurAd bibheti / upAdhyAyAdadhIte / / ( kha ) kAtyAyana ke anusAra lyap-pratyayAnta kriyA kA lopa hone para usake karma tathA adhikaraNa kArakoM meM paMcamI hotI hai| yathA-prAsAdAt (prAsAdamAruhya ) prekSate / AsanAt ( Asane upavizya ) prekSate / pataMjali ne isa vArtika kA khaNDana karate hue kahA hai ki apAdAna se hI isakI siddhi ho jAyagI, kyoMki darzana kA prAsAda se apakramaNa hotA hai| viSaya kA grahaNa karanevAlI nayana-razmiyA~ sUrya-razmi ke samAna prAsAda para sthita puruSa ke nayana se nikala kara viSaya-deza meM pahuMcatI haiM, jisase kahA jAtA hai ki nayana prAsAda se dekha rahA hai| vAstava meM prAsAda se apakrAnta hokara vaha viSaya ko jAna letA hai| mukhyataH prAsAdastha puruSa se nirgamana hone para bhI lakSaNa ke dvArA prAsAda se nirgamana hone kA vyavahAra hotA hai / (ga ) jaba stoka, alpa, kaccha tathA katipaya-ye zabda dharmamAtra ke vAcaka hoM, dravya ke bodhaka na hoM tathA karaNa-kAraka meM A rahe hoM to inase paJcamI tathA tRtIyAye donoM vibhaktiyA~ hotI haiM / yathA-stokAnmuktaH ( stokena vA-thor3A-sA se baca gayA ) / dravyavAcaka hone para karaNa meM tRtIyA hI hogI-stokena viSeNa mRtaH ( thor3e viSa se mara gayA ) / upapadavibhakti-( ka ) jisa ( avadhi ) se mArga aura samaya kI nApa kI jAya usameM paMcamI hotI hai| mArga-pATaliputrAd rAjagRhaM sapta yojanAni ( saptasu yojaneSu vA ) / mArgavAcaka zabda meM kAtyAyana prathamA yA saptamI hI kA prayoga sAdhu ( zuddha ) batalAte haiM / usI prakAra kAlavAcaka meM saptamI hotI hai| kAla-kArtikyA AgrahAyaNI mAse ( kArtika pUrNimA se AgrahAyaNa kI pUrNimA eka mAsa hai )2 / 1. udyota khaNDa 2, pR0 506 / 2. 'yatazcAdhvakAlanirmANam; tadyuktAtkAle saptamI; adhvanaH prathamA ca' / -bhASya ( 2 / 3 / 28 ) meM uddhRta vArtika /

Page #99
kAraka tathA vibhakti ( kha ) anya, ArAt ( samIpa ), itara Rte, ( vinA ) tathA sAmAnyatayA sabhI dizAvAcaka zabdoM ke yoga meM paMcamI hotI hai / 'anya' ke arthavAle dUsare zabdoM ke sAtha bhI yaha vibhakti hotI hai - tasmAdanyaH, bhinnaH, vilakSaNaH, itaraH / Rte raveH / uttaro grAmAt, uttarA grAmAt, uttarAhi grAmAt / prAk grAmAt / kintu atasuc-pratyaya ( uttarataH, dakSiNataH ) ke artha meM nippanna dizAvAcaka zabda ke sAtha kevala SaSThI vibhakti hotI hai - grAmasyottarataH, tasya puraH, upari, upariSTAt / isI prakAra enap pratyayAnta dizAvAcaka zabda ke yoga meM dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai - uttareNa grAmam / kAlidAsa ne uttaramedha meM prayoga kiyA hai - ' tatrAgAraM dhanapatigRhAduttareNAsmadIyam' / yahA~ 'uttareNa' ke yoga meM paMcamI ke prayoga kA bhrama nahIM honA cAhie, kyoMki yahA~ enap-pratyayAnta 'uttareNa' zabda nahIM hai, pratyuta usake anantara AyI huI paMkti 'dUrAlakSyaM surapatidhanuzcAruNA toraNena' meM sthita toraNa kA vizeSaNa tRtIyAnta pada hai / 'gRhAt ' meM paMcamI dUra ke yoga meM hai / 79 ( ga ) pRthak, vinA, nAnA ke yoga meM isakA tRtIyA vibhakti se vikalpa hotA hai - rAmAt ( rAmeNa ) vinA, nAnA / (gha) dUra tathA nikaTa ke bodhaka zabdoM ke yoga meM paMcamI tathA SaSThI - ye donoM vibhaktiyA~ hotI haiM - grAmasya ( grAmAt ) dUraM nikaTaM, viprakRSTaM samIpam, antikam, abhyAzam ( pA0 sU0 2 | 3 | 34 ) / isa sthala meM yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki dUra tathA antika zabdoM meM dvitIyA, tRtIyA, paMcamI tathA saptamI hotI hai - dUraM dUreNa, dUrAt, dUre grAmasya ( 2 / 3 / 35-6 ) / " (Ga) varjanArthaka apa tathA pari evaM maryAdA- arthavAle AG - ina tIna karmapravacanIyoM ke yoga meM paMcamI hotI hai ( 2|3|10, 1/4/88 - 9 ) / yathA - apa hare:, pari hareH (hariM varjayitvA ) saMsAraH / A samudrAt ( samudra taka ) / (ca) pratinidhi ( mukhya ke abhAva meM sthAnApanna ) tathA pratidAna ( diye gaye padArtha ko prakArAntara se lauTAnA ) ke artha meM 'prati' karmapravacanIya hai / usake yoga meM ye donoM jisase sambaddha hoM usameM paMcamI hotI hai / yathA - pradyumnaH kRSNAt prati ( pradyumna kRSNa ke pratinidhi haiM ) / tilebhyaH pratiyacchati mASAn ( tila ke pratidAnasvarUpa--badale meM ur3ada detA hai ) / rUpa meM jo RNa ho usase paMcamI hotI hai - zatAd kAraNa vaha ba~dhA huA hai ) / jahA~ hetukartA ke rUpa meM RNa ho usameM paMcamI vibhakti nahIM hotI, tRtIyA kA prayoga hogA ( yadi karmavAcya (cha) hetu ( kAraNa ) baddha: ( sau rupayoM ke RNa ke 1. tattvabodhinI, pR0 464 / 2. 'pratinidhipratidAne ca yasmAt ' ( 2 / 3 / 11 ) - (pratinidhipratidAne yatsambandhinI tataH karmapravacanIyayuktAtpaJcamItyarthaH' / -la0 za0 ze0, pR0 459

Page #100
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana meM ho )-zatena bandhitaH ( sau rupayoM ke RNa ne use ba~dhavA diyA hai ) / yaha antara vivakSApekSa hai| ( ja ) sAmAnya rUpa se nyAyazAstrIya hetu meM paMcamI kA prayoga hotA hai-parvato'gnimAn, dhUmavattvAt / nAsti ghaTa:, anuplbdheH| ( jha ) jaba do vastuoM ke spaSTa pArthakya ke AdhAra para nirdhAraNa ( guNoM ke utkarSApakarSa ke kAraNa ekAMza kA pRthakkaraNa ) kiyA jAya taba jisa vastu se nirdhAraNa hotA hai usameM paMcamI hotI hai-dhanAda vidyA griiysii| mAthurAH pATalIputrakebhyaH ADhyatarAH / nirdhAraNa meM vibhAga gamyamAna rahatA hai, kyoMki eka samudAya se aMzamAtra ko pRthaka kiyA jAtA hai| yaha aMza samudAya kA aMga hI hotA hai| aise sthaloM meM SaSThI yA saptamI hotI hai| dUsarI ora paMcamI ke sthala meM donoM tulanIya padArthoM meM anyonyAbhAva rahatA hai / dhana vidyA nahIM hai, vidyA dhana nahIM hai| isa prakAra vibhAga spaSTa rahatA hai| ( a ) prabhRti, bahiH, anantaram Adi avyayoM ke yoga meM bhI paMcamI hotI haizaizavAtprabhRti, purAn bahirastu, pANipIDanavidheranantaram / (6) SaSThI vibhakti tathA zeSa kA artha kArakavibhakti-yadyapi SaSThI-vibhakti kA apanA koI kAraka nahIM hotA kyoMki SaSThI se mukhyatayA dyotita hone vAlA 'sambandha' kAraka nahIM hai, tathApi katipaya dUsare kArakoM meM SaSThI-vibhakti kA prayoga hotA hai| isake lie pANini-sUtroM kA samarthana prApta hai / kintu kucha vaiyAkaraNa SaSThI kA prayoga sambandha-mAtra meM mAnate haiM, yahA~ taka ki vAdi meM bhI sambandha-mAtra kI vivakSA hone para hI SaSThI hotI hai| / nAgeza isa viSaya meM kahate haiM ki karmAdi meM kevala kriyAyoga kI vivakSA hone para ( IpsitatamasvAdi 6 vivakSA nahIM hone para ) SaSThI hotI hai| unakA yaha abhiprAya hai ki kAraka-vibhaktiyA~ kriyAjanakatva yA kartRtvAdi zaktiyoM kA bodha karAtI haiM / yadi ukta zaktimUlaka sambandha kI vivakSA ho to SaSThI hotI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, ve prakArAntara se SaSThI kI kArakabodhikA zakti mAnate haiN| yaha satya hai ki SaSThI mukhyataH sambandha meM niyata hai, kintu kArakazeSa ( kartRzeSa, karmazeSa Adi ) ke rUpa meM ise grahaNa karane meM koI Apatti nhiiN| 'satAM gatam' ( sajjanoM kA jAnA) kartRzeSa SaSThI kA udAharaNa hai| 'sat' kA kartRtva pradhAna rUpa se vivakSita nahIM ho rahA hai - sambandha ( sat tathA gatam ) ke rUpa meM usakI vivakSA huI hai| yadi kartRtva kI pradhAnatA vivakSita ho to 'santo gacchanti' yA 'sadbhirgatam' ( anabhihitAvasthA meM ) ke 1. siddhAntakaumudI 'SaSThI zeSe' ke antargata-'karmAdInAmapi sambandhamAtravivakSAyAM sssstthyev'| 2. 'yadvA kriyAkArakabhAvamUlakasambandhasyaiva vivakSAyAM, na tu tadvivakSAyAmityarthaH' / -la. za. ze0, pR. 462

Page #101
kAraka tathA vibhakti 81 prayoga ho sakate haiM | jagadIza sambandhArtha SaSThI ko kArakavibhakti nahIM mAnate kintu helArAja zeSaSaSThI ke kArakatva ke samarthaka haiM / jagadIza kA mantavya hai ki dhAtvartha meM prakAratayA bhAsita honevAlA hI kAraka hotA hai| cUMki sambandha ke rUpa meM SaSThI kA artha kriyA kA prakAra nahIM ho sakatA, ataH ise kAraka nahIM mAna sakate / ' taNDulasya pacati' ityAdi vAkyoM kA prayoga hotA hI nahIM ki SaSThyartha ko kriyA kA prakAra kaha sakeM / 'rajakasya vastraM dadAti' meM rajaka kA sambandha vastra meM pratIta hotA hai - isakA bodha SaSThI karAtI hai / tathApi kaI sthitiyoM meM kArakArthA SaSThI jagadIza ko svIkArya hai, kyoMki kriyA se sAkSAt sambandha hone para katrAdi kArakoM meM vaha SaSThI AtI hai; yathA - ( 1 ) taNDulasya pAcaka: / ( 2 ) guruvipratapasvidurgatAnAM pratikurvIta bhiSak svabheSajaiH / kucha loga isa udAharaNa meM 'rogAn' ke adhyAhAra kA parAmarza dekara sambandha meM hI SaSThI mAnate haiM, jaba ki dUsare loga pratikAra' kriyA meM roganAza kA artha nihita mAnakara adhyAhAra arthaM samajhate haiM / ( 3 ) padmasyAnukarotyeSa kumArI mukhamaNDala: / ( 4 ) mAtuH smarati / ( 5 ) caurasya hinasti / ityAdi / ina sabhI mata-matAntaroM se Upara hokara hama pANinIya sUtroM ke prAmANya para bhI SaSThI meM kArakavibhakti kI puSTi kara sakate haiM; yathA - 'jJo'vidarthasya karaNe' (2|3|51), ' adhIgarthadayezAM karmaNi' ( 2|3|52), 'kartRkarmaNoH kRti' ( 2 / 3 / 65 ) ityAdi / tadanusAra hama nimnalikhita rUpa se SaSThI kI kAraka - vibhakti kA nirdeza karate haiM( ka ) jJA- dhAtu kA prayoga yadi jJAna ke artha meM na ho, pratyuta lakSaNA se jJAnapUrvaka pravRtti ke artha meM vaha prayukta ho to usake karaNa kAraka meM SaSThI hotI hai; yathA - madhuno jAnIte ( madhu ke dvArA usakI pravRtti hotI hai ) / mithyAjJAna ke artha meM bhI aisA prayoga hotA hai / uparyukta udAharaNa kA tadanusAra yaha bhAva bhI ho sakatA hai ki Asakti ke kAraNa usake dvArA ( usI rUpa meM ) anya padArthoM ko bhI samajhatA hai ( ki ye madhu haiM ) / yaha mithyAjJAna bhI jJAna - bhinna artha hai / ( kha ) smaraNArthaka dhAtu, day-dhAtu tathA Iz-dhAtu ke karma meM SaSThI hotI hai, yadi zeSarUpa meM vivakSA ho; yathA - mAtuH smarati / sarpiNo dayate / bahUnAmISTe" / 1. 'sambandho na kArakam, na vA tadarthikApi SaSThI kArakavibhaktiH' / - za0 za0 pra0, pR0 295 2. 'kriyAkArakapUrvakaH' ityanena kArakatvaM vyAcaSTe zeSasya / - vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 156, pR0 355 3. za0 za0 pra0, 295-96 / 4. draSTavya - kAzikA ( 2 13 149 ) | 5. 'adhIgarthadayezAM karmaNi' ( pA0 sU0 2 / 3 / 52 ) | tattvabodhinI - 'iGikA - badhyupasargaM na vyabhicarataH' /

Page #102
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana ( ga ) pratiyatna ( sattAvAn padArtha meM guNAntara kA AdhAna ) ke artha meM kR-dhAtu ho to usake karma meM zeSavivakSA hone para paSThI hotI hai; yathA - agniH svarNasya upaskurute / karmatva-vivakSA meM dvitIyA hotI hai / ( 'kRJaH pratiyatne' - pA0 sU0 2 / 3 / 53) / (gha) roga ke arthavAle dhAtuoM ke ( jvar-dhAtu ko chor3akara ) prayoga meM yadi bhAvavAcaka zabda kartA ho to unake karma meM paSThI hotI hai -- 'caurasya rujati roga : ' / yahA~ kartA bhAvavAcaka roga-zabda hai, ataH ruj-dhAtu ke karma meM SaSThI huI hai / yadi kartA ke rUpa meM bhAvavAcaka zabda na ho to karma meM dvitIyA hI hotI hai- 'nadI kUlAni rujati' / isI prakAra zeSa vivakSA nahIM hone para bhI - 'cauraM rujati roga :'; yahA~ dvitIyA huI hai| jvara tathA santApana - kriyAoM ke prayoga meM bhI dvitIyA hotI hai - 'coraM santApayati tApaH, jvarayati jvaraH' ('rAjArthAnAM bhAvavacanAnAmajvare : ' - pA0 sU0 2 / 3 / 54) / (Ga) AzIrvAda yAcanA ( AzA karanA ) ke artha meM nAtha dhAtu kA prayoga ho to usake karma meM zeSa - vivakSA hone para SaSThI vibhakti hotI hai; yathA - sarpiSo nAthate ( mujhe ghI mile, aisI AzA karatA hai ) / (ca) hiMsA ke artha meM jAsi jAtu ( jasa + Nic ), ni tathA pra ( saMyukta yA vyasta ) ke bAda han- dhAtu nATi, krAthi ( donoM Nijanta ) tathA piS-- ina sabhI dhAtuoM kA prayoga ho to unake karma kAraka meM zeSa - vivakSA hone para SaSThI hotI hai; jaise - 'caurasyojjAsayati, nihanti, prahanti, praNihanti, unnATayati, krAthayati, pinaSTi' / karmatva- vivakSA meM yathApUrva dvitIyA hogI ( pA0 2 / 3 / 56 ) / (cha) vi tathA ava ( saMyukta ) pUrvaka hR-dhAtu tathA paNa dhAtu samAnArthaka hoM to inake karma meM zeSa - vivakSA hone para SaSThI hotI hai / dyUta tathA kraya-vikraya ke vyavahAra meM ye donoM samAnArthaka hote haiM; yathA - zatasya vyavaharati, zatasya paNate ( sau rupayoM kA kraya-vikraya karatA hai, yA jue meM bAjI rakhatA hai ) / yadi donoM bhinnArthaka hoM to SaSThI nahIM hotI - ' zalAkAM vyavaharati ' ( ginatA hai ) / ' brAhmaNAn paNAyate' ( stuti karatA hai ) ( pA0 sU0 2 / 3 / 57 ) / 82 ( ja ) kraya-vikraya vyavahAra tathA dyUta ke artha meM div dhAtu kA prayoga ho to usake karma meM SaSThI hotI hai - zatasya dIvyati / artha uparyukta dhAtuoM ke samAna hai / yadi diva-dhAtu upasargayukta ho to karma meM SaSThI vikalpa se hotI hai - ' zatasya ( zataM vA ) pratidIvyati' / isase siddha hotA hai ki upasargarahita diva-dhAtu ke karma meM nitya rUpa se SaSThI hotI hai ( pA0 2 / 3 / 58 - 9 ) yadi uparyukta artha hoM / hA~, dUsare arthoM meM dvitIyA ho sakatI hai - 'brAhmaNaM dIvyati' ( - stauti ) / ( jha ) yaj-dhAtu ke karaNa meM vedoM meM bahudhA SaSThI ( tathA tRtIyA ) kA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai - 'somasya ( somena vA ) yajate' / (Ja) kRtvasuc-pratyaya yA usake artha kA prayoga ho to kAlavAcaka adhikaraNa meM SaSThI hotI hai ( kRtvo'thaMprayoge kAle'dhikaraNe - 2 |3|64 ) | yathA - - paJcakRtvosat bhuGkte ( dina meM pA~ca bAra khAtA hai - kRtvasuc kA prayoga ) / dviro'dhIte ( dina

Page #103
kAraka tathA vibhakti 83 meM do bAra par3hatA hai - artha kA prayoga ) zeSa - vivakSA nahIM hone para adhikaraNa ke anusAra saptamI vibhakti hotI hai - 'dvirahanyadhIte' | - ( Ta ) yadi dhAtu meM kRt-pratyaya lage hoM to kartA aura karma meM SaSThI hotI hai ( kartRkarmaNoH kRti - 2 / 3 / 65 ) / yathA - kRSNasya kRti : ( kartA meM ) / dhanasya dAnam ( karma meM ) / tiG pratyaya lagane para inameM prathamA dvitIyA hogI - kRSNaH karoti / dhanaM dadAti / jaba uparyukta niyama se kRt ke yoga meM yugapat kartA tathA karma kI prApti ho taba kevala karma meM hI SaSThI hotI hai, kartA meM nahIM- zizumA payasaH pAnam / kintu aka tathA a- ina do strIvAcaka kRt-pratyayoM ke yoga meM karma meM hI SaSThI hone kA ukta niyama nahIM hai, kartA meM bhI sAtha-sAtha SaSThI hotI hai - bhedikA ( bhinna karanA, dhAtvarthe Nvul ) bibhitsA ( bhinna karane kI icchA ) vA rudrasya ( kartA ) jagata: ( karma ) - rudra ke dvArA jagat kA bhedana yA jagat ko naSTa karane kI rudra kI icchA / anya strI-vAcaka kRtpratyayoM ke yoga meM kartA ko bhI vaikalpika SaSThI hotI hai - 'vicitrA sUtrasya kRtiH pANineH ' ( pANininA vA ) / kucha loga yaha vikalpa sarvatra mAnate haiM'zabdAnAmanuzAsanamAcAryeNa ( AcAryasya vA )' / katipaya kRtpratyayoM ke yoga meM kartA aura karma meM SaSThI bilakula nahIM hotI / ye kRt haiM--lakArArthaka ( zatR, zAnac Adi ), u, uka, avyaya ( ktvA, tumun Adi ), niSThA ( kta, ktavatu ), khala- pratyaya ke arthavAle tathA tRn ( 2 / 3 / 69 ) / isI prakAra bhaviSyatkAla ke artha meM aka-pratyaya ( Nvul ) tathA bhaviSyat evam AdhamarNya ke artha meM in-pratyaya ke prayoga meM bhI uparyukta kArakoM meM SaSThI nahIM hotI, anya arthoM meM hotI hai - 'lokasya rakSaka : ' ( sadA rakSA karanevAlA ) / ' avazyaM kArI kaTasya' / , mati, buddhi tathA pUjA ke artha meM ( pA0 3 / 2 / 188 ) jo vartamAnakAlika ktapratyaya kA vidhAna huA hai, usake prayoga meM uparyukta niyama se SaSThI vibhakti kA niSedha nahIM hotA / niSThA pratyaya kta kA prayoga hone para bhI kartA meM SaSThI hotI hai - 'rAjJaM mata:, iSTa:, buddhaH, jJAtaH pUjitaH' ityAdi / inakA kartRrUpa hogA - rAjAno manyante ityAdi / isI prakAra adhikaraNa ke artha meM honevAle kta pratyaya ke prayoga meM kartA meM SaSThI hotI hai -- idameSAM zayitaM gataM bhuktam / bhAvavAcaka kta pratyaya ke prayoga meM bhI kartA ko SaSThI hotI hai-- 'gataM tirazcInamanUrusAratheH' (zizu0 1 / 2), 'na tu grISmasyaivaM subhagamaparAddhaM yuvatiSu' ( abhijJAnazA0 3 / 6 ) ( pA0 sU0 2 / 3 / 67-68 ) / , kRtya-pratyayoM ke yoga meM kartA meM nitya SaSThI nahIM hotI, vaikalpika tRtIyA bhI hotI hai (anabhihita kartA meM ) - mama ( mayA ) sevyo hariH / (Tha) tRpti ke arthavAle dhAtuoM ke karaNa meM vaikalpika SaSThI hotI hai; jaise-- 'apAM hi tRptAya na vAridhArA svadate' ( naiSadha 3 / 93 ), 'nAgnistRpyati kASThAnAm / phalAnAM ( phalervA ) tRptaH ' / isa prakAra kArakavibhaktiyoM kI lambI sUcI dI jA sakatI hai / upapadavibhakti - ( ka ) karmAdi se bhinna tathA prAtipadikArtha se bhI pRthak --

Page #104
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana svasvAmibhAvAdi sambandhoM ko zeSa kahate haiM - isameM paSThI hotI hai| kAraka-vibhakti ke uparyukta niyama bhI prAya: zepa paSThI ke antargata haiM / 'zeSa' zabda vastutaH aSTAdhyAyI ke sUtroM kI AnupUrvI se sambaddha hai / 'baSThI zeSe' ( 2 / 3 / 50 ) sUtra sabhI vibhaktiyoM ke nirUpaNa ke vAda AyA hai / isake pUrva meM jina-jina vibhaktiyoM ke jo-jo artha batalAye gaye haiM; jaise --- dvitIyA kA karma, prathamA kA prAtipadikArtha ityAdi - una sabhI se bace khuce arthoM meM ( uktAdanya: zepa: ) SaSThI hotI hai / isI krama meM kucha kAraka bhI A gaye haiM, jo kucha viziSTa dhAtuoM se viziSTa sthiti meM SaSThI vibhakti kA grahaNa karate haiM / unake atirikta kaI prakAra ke sambandha bhI paSThI ke artha haiM, jo usakI upapadavibhakti kA niyamana karate haiM / ataeva zepa paSThI ke do spaSTa bheda haiM-kArakoM kI zepa vivakSA hone para zeSaSaSThI tathA sambandha kI zeSa SaSThI / prathama bheda meM kriyAsambandha rahatA hai, jaba ki dUsare prakAra meM nahIM rahatA, nAma-padoM kA paraspara sambandha rahatA hai; yathA--- rAjJaH puruSaH / pazoH pAdaH / pituH putraH / inameM kramazaH svasvAmibhAva, avayavAvayavibhAva tathA janyajanakabhAva haiM / helArAja kahate haiM ki rAjA puruSa ko dAna karatA hai, isIlie unameM ukta sambandha avasthita hai / ataeva unameM kabhI kriyAkAraka-sambandha bhI kAraNarUpa meM thA, kintu aba phala ke rUpa meM zeSa - sambandha vidyamAna hai / pUrva-sambandha uttara-sambandha kA niveza karake svayaM virata ho gayA hai / isI se bhartRhari ne sambandha kA lakSaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai 84 'sambandhaH kArakebhyo'nyaH kriyAkArakapUrvakaH / zrutAyAmazrutAyAM vA kriyAyAM so'bhidhIyate // - vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 156 2 hamane dekhA ki rAjA aura puruSa pahale kramazaH kartA tathA sampradAna the / bhASyakAra pataMjali hI isakA samarthana karate haiM - 'rAjJaH puruSaH iti rAjA kartA, puruSaH sampradAnam ' ' / kintu zeSa-sambandha ke samaya inake kartRtvAdi vizeSa rUpoM kA bodha nahIM hotA, isalie yahA~ kAraka-zeSa kA rUpa ho gayA hai / 'kArakoM se bhinna' hone kA artha itanA hI hai ki usa (zeSa sambandha ) meM kArakoM kI vivakSA nahIM hotI / yaha vicAraNIya hai ki nAma-padoM ko ( jo dravya ke bodhaka haiM ) paraspara sambaddha karanA taba taka kaThina hai jaba taka kriyA kA Azraya na leM - kriyA zruta ho yA azruta ho - koI bheda nahIM hotA / dravya to siddha padArtha hone ke kAraNa lauha-zalAkAoM ke samAna haiM, jinameM binA kisI bAhya nimitta ke paraspara sambandha nahIM ho sakatA / kriyA ke hI dvArA koI bhI sambandha banAyA jA sakatA hai / yaha kriyA dravyoM kA upazleSaNa 1. ' kriyAkArakasambandho hi vRttaH svAzraye zeSa sambandhaM phalaM nivezyoparamate' | - helArAja 3, pR0 355 2. draSTavya - mahAbhASya 2, pR0 518 - pradIpa ( vahIM ) - 'rAjA puruSAya dadAtI - tyarthaM sampratyayAt' /

Page #105
kAraka tathA vibhakti 85 karatI hai' / 'rAjJaH puruSaH' meM do dravyoM kA sambandha azruta dAna-kriyA ke kAraNa huA hai / yaha upapadavibhakti kA viSaya hai| dUsarI ora jo sambandha zrUyamANa kriyA kA viSaya hotA hai usameM vibhinna kArakoM kI pravRtti hotI hai| yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki tattat kArakoM kI avivakSA ke kAraNa zeSa-SaSThI ho jAtI hai / / ___ sambandha kA bodha karAnevAlI zepa-paSThI ke bhedoM kI koI sImA nahIM, kyoMki saMsAra meM aneka prakAra ke sambandha ho sakate haiN| bharatamallika ne apane kArakollAsa meM prAyaH ATha sambandhoM kI gaNanA kI hai (1) nRpasya dhanam -svasvAmibhAva / ( 2 ) harervadanam-avayavAvaya vibhAva / ( 3 ) adhyApakasya vyAkhyAnam -vAcyavAcakabhAva / ( 4 ) gaGgAyA jalam-AdhArAdheyabhAva / ( 5 ) pitastanayaH-yoni( janya )sambandha / ( 6 ) bhaTTasya ziSya:vidyA-sambandha / (7) azvasya ghaasH-bhkssybhksskbhaavH| (8) vastrasya tantu:kAryakAraNabhAva / prakArAntara se saMyoga tathA samavAya nAma ke do sambandha nyAyazAstra meM svIkRta haiM jinake udAharaNa hoMge-rAjJo dhanam / puSpANAM gandhaH / pataMjali ne 'SaSThI sthAneyogA' (1 / 1 / 49 ) kI vyAkhyA meM kahA hai ki SaSThIvibhakti ke eka sau eka artha hote haiM, jo SaSThI vibhakti ke uccAraNamAtra se prApta ho jAte haiM / isIlie pANinIya sUtroM meM niyama kiyA gayA hai ki 'sthAne' ke artha meM hI usakA grahaNa ho, anya arthoM meM nhiiN"| ! ( kha ) hetu-zabda ke prayoga meM SaSThI hotI hai-alpasya hetoH / (ga ) tulyavAcaka zabdoM ke yoga meM tRtIyA yA SaSThI hotI hai| isake udAharaNa tRtIyA meM diye jA cuke haiM / tulA aura upamA zabdoM ke yoga meM kevala SaSThI hI hotI hai-'rAmasya tulA upamA vA nAsti' (pA0 2 / 3 / 72 ) / 'tulAM yadArohati dantavAsasA' ( kumAra0 5 / 34), 'sphuTopamaM bhUtisitena zambhunA' ( zizu0 1 / 4) ityAdi meM gamyamAna 'saha' ke artha meM tRtIyA huI hai / (gha ) kaI sthitiyoM meM saptamI vibhakti ke sAtha SaSThI kA vikalpa hotA hai, jinakA nirdeza saptamI meM hI karanA samucita hai| 1. 'dravyANAM hi siddhasvabhAvAnAmayaH zalAkAkalpAnAM parasparasambandhAbhAvAt kriyAkRta eva saH / kriyA hi niHzrayaNIva dravyANyupazleSayati' / -helArAja 3, pR0 355 2. 'zrUyamANakriyAviSayastu sambandhaH kArakabheda ev'| --vahI, pR0 356 3. 'evaM mAtuH smarati, na mASANAmaznIyAt, sarpiSo jAnIte ityAdau karmAdikArakabheda evAvivakSitatadrUpaH zeSa ityuktm'| -vahI 4. prakAzana saMskRta sAhitya pariSad, kalakattA, 1924 / 5. 'ekazataM SaSThyarthA yAvanto vA te sarve SaSThyAmuccAritAyAM prApnuvanti' / ___-- mahAbhASya ( kIlahaoNrna saMskaraNa ), pR0 118

Page #106
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana ( 7 ) saptamI kArakavibhakti - ( ka ) anabhihita adhikaraNa kAraka meM saptamI vibhakti hotI hai / yathA - vane vasati / dharme vedAH pramANam / tileSu tailam / gaGgAyAM ghoSaH / sthAlyAM pacati / 86 ( kha ) kta pratyayAnta zabda meM yadi in-pratyaya lagA ho to karma meM saptamI hotI -adhItI vyAkaraNe / AmnAtI chandasi / ( ga ) jahA~ 'lup' zabda se pratyaya kA lopa karake taddhitArtha meM nakSatra - zabda kA grahaNa ho vaise nakSatra-zabda se adhikaraNa meM tRtIyA tathA saptamI vikalpa se hotI hai'mUlenAvAhayed devIM zravaNena visarjayet ( mUle, zravaNe vA ) ' / 'nakSatreNa yuktaH kAlaH ' (4/2/3 ) isa sUtra se aN-pratyaya kA vidhAna hotA hai, kintu 'lubavizeSe' se nakSatravAcaka zabda meM usakA lopa ho jAtA hai / jahA~ isa prakAra ke lup kA artha nahIM ho vahA~ kevala saptamI hI hogI; jaise - puSye zani: ( isa samaya zani graha puSya nakSatra meM hai ) / uparyukta udAharaNoM meM ( mUlAdi ) nakSatra se yukta kAla' kA arthaM ( taddhitArtha ) hai yadyapi pratyaya kA lopa ho gayA hai / - upapadavibhakti - ( ka ) sAdhu tathA asAdhu zabdoM ke prayoga meM, tattva kathana mAtra kA artha rahane para saptamI vibhakti hotI hai - sAdhuH kRSNo mAtari, asAdhuH mAtule / (kha) sAdhu tathA nipuNa ke yoga meM yadi prazaMsA kA bodha ho to saptamI hotI hai, kintu prati, pari Adi zabdoM kA prayoga hone para nahIM - sAdhu: ( nipuNaH ) pitari ( yaha prazaMsA kI bAta hai ki vaha pitA ke lie acchA hai ) / kintu - sAdhuH mAtaraM prati ( pA0 2 / 3 / 43 ) / I ( ga ) nimittavAcaka zabda meM saptamI hotI hai, yadi nimitta karma ke sAtha yukta ho ( nimittatkarmayoge ) / jaise - carmaNi dvIpinaM hanti / carma nimitta hai, jo bAgha (karma) saMyukta hai / yadi vaha nimitta karma- saMyukta na ho to sAmAnya rUpa se hetu meM tRtIyA hotI hai - vetanena dhAnyaM lunAti / vetana kA dhAnya se saMyoga nahIM hai / nAgeza yahA~ nimitta meM karma ke sAtha saMyoga tathA samavAya donoM prakAra kA sambandha svIkAra karate haiM- kisI prakAra vaha sambaddha to rahe ' / ise 'nimitta saptamI' bhI kahate haiM / 'muktAphalAya kariNaM hariNaM palAya' ityAdi udAharaNoM meM caturthI kI siddhi 'kriyArthopapadasya 0 ' ke kAraNa 'muktAphalamAhartuM ghnanti' isa artha meM kI jAtI hai / (gha) jisakI kriyA se dUsare kA kriyAntara lakSita ho usa kriyAyukta padArtha meM saptamI hotI hai - goSu duhyamAnAsu gataH, dugdhAsu AgataH / yahA~ karmavAcaka prayoga hai / kartRvAcaka meM - ekasmin paThati sarve zRNvanti / gAyoM ke duhe jAne kI kriyA se gamanA 1. ' dvIpicarmaNoraNDakozamRgayozca samavAyaH, itarayoH saMyogaH ' / 2. draSTavya - vahI / -la0 za0 ze0, pR0 479

Page #107
kAraka tathA vibhakti gamana rUpa kriyAntara kA bodha hotA hai / ataH gau meM saptamI huI hai, usake vizeSaNa dohana-kriyA meM bhI saptamI hai ( yasya ca bhAvena bhAvalakSaNam 2 / 3 / 37 ) / ise 'bhAve saptamI' yA 'sati saptamI' bhI kahate haiN| isameM lakSyalakSaNabhAva kI vivakSA hotI hai| saMskRta-bhASA kI acchI zailI kA nirmANa isameM nihita hai| uparyukta sthiti meM jaba anAdara kA bhAva rahe taba SaSThI vibhakti bhI hotI hai| yathA-rudati parijane ( rudato vA tasya ) prAvAjIt ( parivAra ke loga rote raha gaye, unakI upekSA karake usane saMnyAsa le liyA ) / yahA~ saMnyAsa lenevAle ke dvArA priyajanoM ke sneha ke tiraskAra kA bhAva hai ( 2 / 3 / 38 ) / (Ga) svAmI, Izvara, adhipati, dAyAda, sAkSI, pratibhU, prasUta-ina zabdoM ke yoga meM bhI SaSThI tathA saptamI donoM vibhaktiyA~ vikalpita haiM--gavAM ( goSu vA ) svAmI / gavAmadhipatiH, goSvIzvaraH ityAdi / ( ca ) AsevA ( tatparatA, kisI kAma meM nirantara laganA ) kA arthabodha hone para Ayukta ( vyApArita ) tathA kuzala zabdoM ke yoga meM saptamI tathA SaSThI bhI hotI hai / yathA-dhanI bhogeSu ( bhogAnAM vA ) AyuktaH ( dhanI vyakti viSayoM meM nirantara lagA huA hai ) / chAtraH pAThe ( pAThasya vA ) kushlH| AsevA kA artha nahIM hone para kevala saptamI hotI hai-zakaTe gauH AyuktaH ( ISad yuktaH, baddhaH ) / adhikaraNa ke kAraNa yaha kArakavibhakti hai ( kAzikA 2 / 3 / 40 ) / (cha) jaba jAti, guNa, nAma yA kriyA ke dvArA samudAya meM se eka aMza ko pRthaka kiyA jAya to usa samudAyavAcaka zabda meM saptamI yA SaSThI vibhakti hotI hai / ise nirdhAraNa kahate haiM / yathA-(1) jAti-nRSu nRNAM vA kSatriyaH zUratamaH / (2) guNa-goSu gavAM vA kRSNA bhukssiiraa| ( 3 ) nAma- chAtreSu chAtrANAM vA mAdhavo nipuNatamaH / ( 4 ) kriyA- adhvageSu adhvagAnAM vA dhAvantaH zIghratamAH ( yatazca nirdhAraNam 2 / 3 / 41 ) / ( ja ) prasita ( tatpara ) tathA utsuka zabdoM ke yoga meM tRtIyA tathA saptamI vibhaktiyA~ vikalpita haiM--vidyAyAM ( vidyayA vA ) prasitaH, utsukaH / (pA0 2 / 3 / 44 ) / ( jha ) jaba do kAraka-zaktiyoM ke bIca meM kAla yA adhva kA vAcaka zabda ho to usameM saptamI yA paMcamI vibhakti hotI hai / yathA--adya bhuktvA saptAhe ( saptAhAd vA ) bhoktA / kAlavAcaka saptAha-zabda yahA~ do kartRzaktiyoM ke madhya hai| Aja ke bhojana tathA saptAhAntara ke bhojana kI kartazaktiyA~ pRthaka haiM, yadyapi bhojanakartA samAna hai / eka zakti AjavAlI bhojana-kriyA ke prati sAdhana hai to dUsarI zakti saptAhAntara kI bhojana-kriyA kA sAdhana hai / donoM ke bIca kAlavAcaka saptAha zabda hai| isI prakAra 'ihastho'yaM kroze krozAdvA lakSyaM vidhyati'- isameM kartazakti ( yahAM rahanevAlA puruSa ) tathA karmazakti ( lakSya ) ke bIca meM deza hai, jisakA vAcaka kroza-zabda

Page #108
saMskRta - vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana saptamI yA paMcamI grahaNa karatA hai / ise apAdAna aura karmazaktiyoM ke bIca bhI mAna sakate haiM / 88 (ja) kucha karmapravacanIyoM ke yoga meM bhI saptamI hotI hai / jisase adhika hone yA jisake adhikArI ( Izvara ) hone kA nirdeza ho usake vAcaka zabda meM karmapravacanIyoM ke yoga meM saptamI hotI hai / yathA - upa niSke kArSApaNam (niSka se kArSApaNa adhika hotA hai ) / upa parArdhe harerguNA: ( hni ke guNa parArdha - saMkhyA se bhI Upara haiM ) / Izvara kA artha rahane para sva aura svAmI donoM meM paryAya se saptamI hotI haiadhi rAme bhUH, adhi bhuvi rAmaH / donoM kA samAna artha hai ki rAma bhU ke adhipati haiN| ( yasmAdadhikaM yasya cezvaravacanaM tatra saptamI 2 / 319 ) / Izvara ke artha meM adhi karma - pravacanIya hai ( adhirIzvare 1 / 4 / 97 ) / kR dhAtu ke pUrva adhi-zabda vikalpa se karmapravacanIya hotA hai ( vibhASA kRtri 104 98 ), tadanusAra saptamI hotI hai - iha kArye'dhikRto'smi ( isa kArya meM niyukta huA hU~ ) / yahA~ niyukta karane vAle kI IzvaratA jJAta hotI hai / isa prakAra sabhI vibhaktiyoM ke pariniSThita prayogoM ke sthaloM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA / anya prayogoM kA bhI samarthana yathAsAdhya ina niyamoM se kiyA jA sakatA hai / Ai0 je0 esa0 tArApuravAlA ke apane grantha 'saMskRta siTaiksa' meM Adhunika bhASAvijJAna ke AdhAra para vibhaktiyoM ke ativyApaka prayoga saMskRta vAGmaya ke prasiddha granthoM se saMkalita kiye haiM, jo apane-Apa meM bahuta upayogI tathA rocaka adhyayana prastuta karate haiM / isa adhyayana meM upapada-vibhakti tathA kAraka - vibhakti kA mizra nirdeza huA hai, kyoMki aMgrejI vyAkaraNa ke samAna bhASAzAstra bhI vibhakti tathA kAraka ( Case ) meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM maantaa| yaha saMskRta vaiyAkaraNa kI sUkSma vizleSaNa vidhi pratikUla hai / kArakavibhakti kA prAbalya yadyapi kAraka-vibhakti tathA upapada-vibhakti ke sthala pRthak-pRthak haiM tathApi donoM vibhaktiyoM meM kucha sthaloM meM paraspara saMgharSa hotA hai / upapada-sambandha kisI zabda ko dUsarI vibhakti meM vyavasthita karatA hai to kAraka ke kAraNa use anya hI vibhakti prApta hotI hai / yaha donoM kI yugapat prApti kA sthala hai / udAharaNa ke lie 'namaskaroti' kriyApada leM / isa kriyA ke phalAzrayarUpa devAdi zabda ko karma - kAraka ke kAraNa dvitIyA vibhakti ( kAraka -vibhakti ) honI cAhie to dUsarI ora 'namaH' zabda ke yoga meM caturthI vibhakti ( upapada - vibhakti ) kI bhI prApti hai / aba prazna hai ki 'devam' rahe yA 'devAya' yA donoM kA vikalpa ho ? 1 'saptamIpaJcamyoH kArakamadhye ' ( 2 / 3 / 7 ) para kAzikA | 2. draSTavya -- saMskRta siTaiksa, ( muMzIrAma manoharalAla, dillI ) prakAzita, 1967 adhyAya 3, pR0 21-63 /

Page #109
kAraka tathA vibhakti 89 isakA samAdhAna 'upapadavibhaktaH kArakavibhaktibalIyasI' isa paribhASA meM hai ki upapada-vibhakti kI apekSA kArakavibhakti prabalatara hotI hai| tadanusAra 'devAya' na hokara 'devaM namaskaroti' yahI zuddha prayoga hai| vaise prakArAntara se 'devAya namaskaroti' ke bhI sAdhutva kI upapatti ho sakatI hai| 'kriyArthoSapadastha0' sUtra ke anusAra tumunnanta kriyA kA lopa karake usake karma meM caturthI hotI hai| ataeva 'devamanukUlayituM namaskaroti' ke artha meM usakI siddhi ho sakatI hai| kintu yahA~ bhI yaha upapada-vibhakti nahIM; karma-kAraka meM hI caturthI vibhakti hai / saMgharSa samAna vibhaktiyoM ke bIca nahIM, pratyuta vijAtIya vibhaktiyoM ke bIca ho sakatA hai / sajAtIya vibhaktiyoM kI sthiti meM to dvitIyA tathA caturthI donoM kA vikalpa ho jAyagA / tAtparya yaha hai ki ukta sthala meM upapada-caturthI nahIM ho skegii| ukta paribhASA kA sarvaprathama ullekha kAtyAyana ke vArtika meM milatA hai| 'sahayukte'pradhAne' sUtra meM 'apradhAna' zabda kI vyarthatA batalAte hue vArtikakAra kahate haiM'sahayukte'pradhAnavacanamanarthakamuSapadavibhakteH kaarkvibhktibliiystvaadnytraapi''| 'putreNa sahAgataH pitA' meM putra-zabda ko saha-zabda ke yoga meM apradhAna ke kAraNa tRtIyA huI hai| kAtyAyana kA mantavya hai ki sUtra meM 'apradhAne' nahIM kahakara yadi kevala 'sahayukte' itanA hI kahA jAtA to bhI putra ko tRtIyA prApta ho sakatI thii| isa para AzaMkA ho sakatI hai ki taba to pitA aura putra donoM ko tRtIyA kI prApti ho jAyagI, kyoMki donoM eka-dUsare ke sAtha jA rahe haiN| yaha to putra kI apradhAna-vivakSA hai jo usameM hI tRtIyA kI vyavasthA karatI hai / ataeva 'apradhAna' kA rahanA Avazyaka hai| isa para kAtyAyana kaheMge ki nahIM, kArakavibhakti ( kartA meM prathamA) upapada-vibhakti ( saha ke yoga meM tRtIyA ) kI apekSA adhika prabala hotI hai, aMta: 'apradhAna' zabda nahIM rahane para bhI pitA meM kAraka-vibhakti ke kAraNa prathamA hogI, tRtIyA hone kA avakAza nahIM rhegaa| bhASyakAra ne isa paribhASA kA anekatra uddharaNa diyA hai-(1) 'adhi brahmadatte paJcAlAH' isa udAharaNa meM brahmadatta meM saptamI kI prApti hotI hai, kintu ukta paribhASA ke kAraNa tiSThanti' ityAdi gamyamAna kriyA kI apekSA rakhakara kartatva rahane ke kAraNa prathamA ( kAraka ) vibhakti hotI hai| karmapravacanIya-saMjJA kA kAryakSetra to 'adhi paJcAleSu brahmadattaH' isI udAharaNa meM hai| (2) 'antarA tvAM mAM ca kamaNDaluH' yaha udAharaNa 'antarAntareNa yukte' ( 2 / 3 / 4) isa sUtra kA hai| isa sUtra meM kAtyAyana sujhAva dete haiM ki 'apradhAnavAcaka meM dvitIyA hotI hai'-aisA kahanA cAhie, anyathA kamaNDala meM bhI dvitIyA kI prApti ho jaaygii| kamaNDalu ke pradhAna hone se usameM dvitIyA nahIM huI hai| isa para bhASyakAra ukta paribhASA kA Azraya 1. mahAbhASya 2, pR0 502 / 2. draSTavya--vahI 2, pR0 495 tathA pradIpa /

Page #110
90 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana lekara kArakavibhakti ke kAraNa ( = asti-kriyA ke kartA ) kamaNDalu meM prathamA kA upapAdana karate haiM' / ukta vivecana samyak prakAra se yaha spaSTa karatA hai ki kAraka tathA vibhakti do bhinna padArtha haiM / vibhakti kAraka tathA upapada donoM prakAra ke sambandhoM ko vyakta karatI hai / ata: vibhakti kA kAryakSetra kAraka kI apekSA vistRta hai / kAraka sUkSma tathA avyakta sambandha ke rUpa meM dravya kI vaha zakti hai jise vibhakti vyakta karatI hai / isa prakAra donoM ke madhya vyaGgya-vyaMjakabhAva hai / kAraka vyaMgya hai to vibhakti vyaMjaka | kintu isa viSaya meM niyama nahIM hai ki vibhakti ekamAtra kAraka ko hI vyakta karatI hai athavA kAraka kevala vibhakti se hI vyakta hotA hai / jahA~ taka vyaMgya - niyama ( vibhaktiH kArakameva vyanakti - vyaMgyagata niyama ) kA prazna hai, hama isakA nirUpaNa kara cuke haiM ki vibhakti na kevala kAraka ko vyakta karatI hai, pratyuta upapada-sambandha bhI usI ke dvArA vyakta hotA hai / itanA hI nahIM, kAtyAyana ne 'bahuSu bahuvacanam ' ( pA0 1 / 4 / 21 ) ke antargata zlokavArtika diyA hai ---------------- 'suSAM karmAdayo'pyarthAH saMkhyA caiva tathA tiGAm / prasiddho niyamastatra niyama: prakRteSu ca ' // tadanusAra vibhakti kA artha eka ora to karmatvAdi hai to dUsarI ora ekatvAdi saMkhyA bhI usase prakaTa hotI hai / tathApi yaha kahanA ucita hai ki vibhakti kA artha ekatvAdi saMkhyA hone para bhI usameM karmatvAdi nimitta rahate haiM / hama yaha jAna cuke haiM ki vibhakti eka prakAra kA pratyaya hai, jo prAtipadika meM lagAyA jAtA hai / isase karmatvAdi kAraka tathA saMkhyA- donoM vyakta hote haiM / yathA 'am' vibhakti se karmatvAdi sambandha tathA ekatva bhI prakaTa hotA hai / yadi vAkya meM dikhalAyeM to kAraka zakti suspaSTa ho jAyegI / jaise - candraM pazya / isameM am vibhakti karmakAraka mAtra tathA ekavacana kI vyaMjikA hai| kArakoM ke viSaya meM to dRr3ha niyama nahIM hai ki karma meM dvitIyA hI hogI yA dvitIyA karma meM hI hogI, kintu ekatvAdi saMkhyA isakA samyak pAlana karatI haiM - ekavacana kevala eka kA hI dyotaka hai, do yA bahuta kA nahIM " / kahIM-kahIM isakA bhI apavAda milatA hai, jaise- sammAnArtha yA AtmadyotanArthaM eka hI vyakti ko bahuvacana meM rakhanA / bhaTTojidIkSita prabhRti navya vaiyAkaraNa nyAyAnumodita zabdAvalI meM vibhaktiyoM artha rakhate haiM / unake anusAra - Azraya, avadhi, uddezya, sambandha yA zakti - ye hI 1. vahI 2, pR0 489 / 2. 'ekatvAdiSvapi vai vibhaktyartheSu avazyaM karmAdayo nimittatvenopAdeyA: - karmaNa ekatve, karmaNo dvitve, karmaNo bahutva iti' / - bhASya 2, pR0 236 3. bhASya 2, pR0 229 /

Page #111
kAraka tathA vibhakti 91 pA~ca yathAyogya vibhaktiyoM ke artha haiM' / kauNDabhaTTa ke anusAra sAmAnyarUpa se Azraya dvitIyA, tRtIyA tathA saptamI vibhaktiyoM kA artha hai, avadhi paMcamI kA uddezya caturthI kA, sambandha SaSThI kA tathA zakti prathamAdi sabhI kA artha hai / isameM se kucha arthoM kA vivecana hama vibhinna kArakoM ke nirUpaNa ke avasara para kareMge / itanA vizeSa rUpa se jJAtavya hai ki karaNa tRtIyA meM Azraya ke sAtha vyApAra kA bhI bodha hotA hai / ' SaSThI zeSe' ke AdhAra para SaSThI kA sambandha mAtra artha to hai, kintu kAraka - SaSThI kA artha kevala zakti hai / zakti ko kauNDabhaTTa bhartRhari ke anusAra sabhI kAraka vibhaktiyoM kA arthaM mAnate haiM ( zaktireva vA - SaNNAmapIti zeSaH ) / aba hama vibhakti ke vyaMjaka niyama ( vibhaktireva kArakaM vyanakti ) para dRSTipAta kareM / isakA bhI vyabhicAra prApta hotA hai, kyoMki vibhakti pradhAnatayA kAraka ko bhale hI abhivyakta karatI hai kintu usake atirikta anya kaI zabdazAstrIya tattva bhI kAraka ko prakaTa karate haiM, jinakA nirdeza helArAja ne kiyA hai 2 / 'grAmaM gacchati' meM am-vibhakti hI karma ko vyakta karatI hai to 'zatyaH' yA 'zatikaH' ( zatena krItaH ) meM taddhita pratyaya yat yA Than ( zatAcca ThanyatAvazate 5 / 1 / 21 ) kraya - kriyA ke prati sAdhakatamatva ( karaNatva ) kA bodha karAtA hai / yatra tatra Adi meM bhI tral pratyaya adhikaraNa kA bodhaka hai / 'madhu nirIkSate, dadhi samaznAti' meM prAtipadika se hI karmatva-zakti kI pratIti ho rahI hai / 'antarA tvAM ca mAM ca kamaNDalu : ' meM antarAzabda avyaya hai, jo adhikaraNa kA bodha karA rahA hai / 'bhImo rAkSasaH' meM kRt-pratyaya ( uNAdi kA ) mak apAdAna kA tathA 'dAnIyo vipraH' meM anIyar sampradAna kA Matar hai / ataeva vibhakti ke atirikta bhI kaI tattva kAraka ke vyaMjaka haiM / tathApi isa viSaya meM vibhakti kI mukhya vyaMjakatA akSuNNa hai / sambodhana kA artha sambodhana meM pANini ne prathamA vibhakti kA vidhAna kiyA hai / sAmAnyarUpa se saMskRta vaiyAkaraNa isakA kArakatva svIkAra nahIM karate, kyoMki isameM sAkSAt kriyAnvaya nahIM hotA / kucha loga to ise vAkya pariziSTa arthAt bAhara se lAkara vAkya meM jar3e gaye zabda ke rUpa meM dekhate haiM, mAno yaha vismayAdibodhaka pada ( iNTarajekzana ) ho / tathApi vyAkaraNa-darzana meM isake vAkyagata sambandha kA samyak vizleSaNa huA hai / bhartRhari ne vAkyapadIya ke sAdhanasamuddeza meM prathamA vibhakti kA artha nirUpaNa karate hue sambodhana kA svarUpa isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA hai - 1. bhUSaNakArikA 24 // 2. draSTavya - vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 13 - 'vibhaktyAdibhirevAsAvupakAraH pratIyate' / tathA isakI vyAkhyA | 3. draSTavya - hviTane kA 'saMskRta grAmara' pairA0 594 ( e ) / -

Page #112
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana 'siddhasyAbhimukhIbhAvamAtraM sambodhanaM viduH / prAptAbhimukhyo yarthAtmA kriyAsu viniyujyate' // ---vA0pa0 3 / 7 / 163 ___jisakA rUpa nizcita ho cukA hai aise siddha padArtha ko kriyA meM lagAne ke lie ( viniyogArtha ) kartA apanI ora abhimukha karatA hai| isI abhimukha karane ko sambodhana kahate haiM, jo prAtipadikArthamAtra se kucha adhika artha dhAraNa karatA hai / isIlie 'prAtipadikArtha 0' sUtra se prathamA nahIM karake isakI vibhakti ke upAdAna ke lie 'sambodhane ca' sUtra denA par3A hai| ___ sambodhana ko abhimukhIkaraNa-mAtra kaha dene se isakI vyAvRtti karmAdi sAdhanoM se hotI hai| abhimukhIkaraNa ke bAda vaha padArtha sannaddha ( prAptAbhimukhya ) ho jAtA hai| aba usakI niyukti kriyAsAdhana meM ho sakatI hai, ataH usameM kartRtvazakti kA AdhAna hotA hai| ataH sambodhana paramparA se kriyA kA upakAraka ho sakatA hai, sAkSAt nahIM / jaise--mAM pAhi vizvezvara / isameM pA-dhAtu se vizvezvara kA sAkSAt sambandha nahIM hai| anyatra Asakta vizvezvara ko vaktA svakriyA meM niyoga ke uddezya se abhimukha kara rahA hai| jaba ve abhimukha ho jAyeMge taba 'tvam' ke rUpa meM unakA pratinidhi ( sarvanAma ) pA-dhAtu se sAkSAt sambaddha hogaa| kriyA se isa prakAra paramparayA sambandha hone para bhI sambodhana padArthamAtra hI rahatA hai, vAkyArtha nahIM hotA'sambodhanaM na vAkyArtha iti vRddhebhya AgamaH' / -vA0 50 3 / 7 / 164 pUrvArddha kriyA kI AkAMkSA hone para bhI usa padArtha kI sambodhyatA kA jJAna hameM dUsare padoM se nirapekSa rUpa meM hI hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki use padArtha kahA jAtA hai| kintu yaha padArtha prAtipadikArtha se kucha adhika hai, kyoMki isameM sattA ke atirikta usakI sambodhyatA ( kriyAniyoga ke uddezya se abhimukhIkaraNa ) kA bhI bodha hotA hai| karmAdi meM jisa prakAra kriyA kI apekSA rakhate hue hI sAdhana-bhAva kA jJAna hotA hai aura isIlie kriyA kA Azraya liyA jAtA hai, kintu isase unakI vAkyArthatA nahIM prakaTa hotI ( karmAdi bhI padArtha hai, vAkyArtha nahIM; kyoMki vAkyArtha kriyAmAtra hai )-yahI dazA sambodhana kI bhI hai / hA~, yaha bAta avazya hai ki gamyamAna kriyA ke AdhAra para eka pada bhI vAkya ho sakatA hai; yathA-vRkSaH ( asti ) / isa rUpa meM sambodhana ko bhI vAkya kahA jA sakatA hai; yathA-he rAma / yahA~ 'abhimukho bhava, zRNu' ityAdi rUpa meM yathA-prakaraNa kriyAvagati hotI hai / ____sambodhana kI do gatiyA~ haiN| pahalI yaha ki prakRtyartha ke prati yaha vizeSya hotA hai / ataH 'he rAma' meM rAma-sambandhI sambodhana kA bodha hotA hai, jisameM prakRtyartha rAma vizeSaNa hai aura samvodhana vizeSya / kintu dUsarI ora kriyA ke prati yahI 1. helArAja-vA0 50 3 / 7 / 63 pr|

Page #113
kAraka tathA vibhakti sambodhana biyepaNa ho jAtA hai| isalie kiyA kI nippani meM isakA yogadAna nahIM rhtaa| vizeSaNa vigepya ko utpanna nahIM kara sakatA, pratyuta vizeSya ke sAtha ( saguNotpattivAda ) yA usake anantara ( nirguNotpattivAda ) utpanna hotA hai / 'stoka pacati' meM kriyAvizeSaNa hone ke kAraNa hI stoka meM kisI kAraka kA abhAva hai, kyoMki usase kriyAsiddhi nahIM hotii| 'vajAni devadana' isa vAkya meM vrajana-kriyA tathA devadatta kA sAmAnAdhikaraNya ( ekatrAvasthAna ) bhI nahIM hai, isalie devadatta-sthita rAmbodhana vrajana-kriyA kA vizeSaNa bhI hai to vyadhika raNa-sambandha se / bhartRhari ne isa sthiti kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai _ 'sambodhanapadaM yacca takriyAyAM vizeSaNam / vajAni devadatteti nighAto'tra tathA sati' // --- vA0 pa0 2 / 5 artha yaha hai ki sambodhana vibhakti vAlA pada kriyA kA vizeSaNa hotA hai, jisase 'vajAni devadatta' ( devadatta ! yaha jAna lo ki maiM jA rahA hU~ )- isameM nighAta ho ske| kAtyAyana ne 'Amantritasya ca' (pA0 8 / 1 / 19) sUtra ke antargata eka vAtika diyA hai ki nighAta tathA yuSmad-aSmad ke Adeza ( tvA, te, vAM, vaH, mA, me, nau, naH ) samAna vAkya meM hI hote haiN| ataH 'Amantritasya ca' sUtra ke anusAra Amantrita ( devadatta pada ) kA nighAta hone ke lie 'vajAni' ke sAtha samAnavAkyatA honI cAhie, anyathA nighAta ( pUre pada kA ? anudAtta ho jAnA ) sambhava nhiiN| yadi 'bajAni' kriyA ke prati devadatta vizeSaNa ho jAya to samAnavAkyatA ke sAthasAtha nighAta bhI upapanna ho skegaa| kAtyAyana ke anusAra 'ekativizeSyaka vAkyam' yaha vAkya kA lakSaNa hai 2 / 'vrajAni' tiGanta pada vizeSya ke rUpa meM hai, ataH ukta padoM kI vAkyarUpatA siddha hai| isakA bodha hogA-'devadattasambandhi-sambodhanaviSayo matrtakaM gmnm| bhUSaNasAra ke vyAkhyAkAra harivallabha apane darpaNa meM 'jAnIhi' pada kA adhyAhAra karake devadatta-pada kI ekavAkyasthatA siddha karate hue zAbdabodha karAte haiM- 'sambodhanaviSaya-devadattoddezyaka-pravartanAviSayo maskartRkavrajanakamakaM jJAnam' / isa adhyAhAra ko nAgeza kA bhI samarthana prApta hai / laghumaMjaSA meM ( pR0 1185-92 ) nAgeza ne apekSAkRta vistAra se sambodhana pada kA vicAra karate hue apane samasta pUrvavartI vicAroM kA saMgraha kiyA hai| inhoMne 1. (ka) 'sambodhanAntasya kriyAyAmanvayaH' / -vai0 bha0, pR0 64 (kha) 'vizeSaNamiti / svoddezyakapravartanAviSayatvarUpaparamparAsambandhenetyarthaH' / -bhUSaNasAradarpaNa, pR0 89 2. ve0 bhU0, pR0 65 / / 3. bhUSaNasAradarpaNa, pR0 90 / 4. "vajAni devadatta ityAdAvapi 'jAnIhi' ityAdiH zeSo bodhyaH / tatra vajanasya karmatvAd devadattasyoddezyatvAdubhayoH smaanvaakysthtvm"|--l0 za0 ze0, pR0401

Page #114
94 saMskRta vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana / sambodhana kA phala pravRtti yA nivRtti-rUpa mAnA hai, kyoMki vidhivAkyoM meM pravRtti tathA niSedhavAkyoM meM nivRtti usakA prayojana rahatA hai| abhimukhIkaraNArthaka hone se sambo. dhana kI vibhakti anuvAdya ( pUrva se jJAta, uddezya ) ke viSaya meM hI caritArtha hotI hai| jaba taka sambodhya padArtha kI pUrvasiddhi nahIM ho jAtI, jisase ki vaha vAkya meM uddezya kA rUpa dhAraNa kara sake, taba taka sambodhana vibhakti bhI upapanna nahIM hogii| yahI kAraNa hai ki 'rAjA bhava, yudhyasva' ( rAjA ho jAo, yuddha karo ), 'indrazatrurvardhasva' ( indra kA nAzaka banakara bar3ho ) --ityAdi vAkyoM meM sambodhana vibhakti nahIM hai / spaSTIkaraNa yaha hai ki usa dazA meM rAjatva yA indranAzakatva siddha nahIM hai / ataH vaha uddezya nahIM ho sakatA ki 'he rAjan' yA 'he indranAzaka' kaha sakeM / isIlie kumArAvasthA meM 'rAjan, yudhyasva' tathA rAjAvasthA meM 'rAjA bhava, yudhyasva' prayoga asaMgata haiM / inake viparItAtmaka prayoga sAdhu hoNge| kucha loga sambodhana kA vyutpattijanya artha svIkAra karate haiM--'samyaka bodhanaM jJApanam' / sambodhya padArtha ko jJApita karane ke lie yaha artha hotA hai / yahA~ 'samyaka' vizeSaNa se yahI pratIta hotA hai ki sambodhya padArtha meM avazyakartavyatA Adi ke viSaya meM jJAna utpanna kiyA jAtA hai| sambodhya padArtha ko yaha jJAna ho jAtA hai ki vaktA hameM jo pravRtta yA nivRtta kara rahA hai, hameM use avazya mAnanA hai / kabhI-kabhI AgrahAdi artha hone para use apanI icchA ke anukUla kAma karane kA avakAza bhI diyA jAtA hai| __ 'he' Adi zabda sambodhana ke tAtparya-grAhaka hote haiM, vyartha nahIM haiM / 'zRNotu grAvANa:' ( pattharo, suno ), 'svadhite mainaM hiMsIH' ( churI, isase kaSTa mata pahu~cAo ) ityAdi meM a tana para cetanatA kA Aropa karake gauNa prayoga huA hai| anyathA sambodhya kI cetanata anivArya hai| 'he rAma ! tvaM sundaraH' meM 'asi' kA adhyAhAra karake vAkya kI upapatti kI jAtI hai| isI prakAra 'dhiG mUrkha' meM kriyA kA adhyAhAra karane se hI prathamA vibhakti siddha hotI hai, anyathA 'dhika' ke yoga meM dvitIyA hI hogii| donoM hI upapada vibhaktiyA~ haiM, isalie vaikalpika haiN| sambodhana ke vAkyagata sambandha ko ( jaise-'vajAni devadatta' meM ) AdhAra mAna kara hI prAcIna AcAryoM ne ise kartA-kAraka ke rUpa meM bhI vyavahRta kiyA hai, kyoMki sambodhana hI 'tvam' zabda ke rUpa meM pratinidhitva prApta karatA hai-rAma ! tvaM gaccha / devadatta ! tvaM jAnIhi / yaha vArtikakAra kA mata hai ki jinhoMne 'tiGasamAnAdhikaraNe prathamA' kaha kara prathamA kI siddhi kI hai / pataMjali-prabhRti vaiyAkaraNoM ko yaha mAnya 1. la0 ma0, pR0 1186 / 2. 'etanmUlakameva sambodhanasya kartRkArakatvavyavahAro vRddhAnAm / tasyaiva tvaMpadArthatvena viniyojya kriyAkartRtvAt' / -la0 ma0, pR0 1190 3. draSTavya-bhASya 2, pR0 516 /

Page #115
kAraka tathA vibhakti nahIM hai, kyoMki tava 'sambodhane ca' sUtra kI vyarthatApatti ho jaaygii| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki 'vajAni devadatta' meM samAnAdhikaraNatA hai hI nhiiN| 'jAnIhi' kA adhyAhAra kara lene se koI asaMgati nahIM rhtii| nAgeza ne siddha kiyA hai ki sambodhana kI katakArakatA meM ApAtataH koI doSa nahIM hai / yaha to gatAnugata paramparA hai jo ise kartA nahIM maantii| 'he rAma ! tvaM paca' meM spaSTata: pAkakriyA kA kartRtva 'tvam' ke mAdhyama se rAma meM hai / kintu 'he rAma ! ayaM pacati' isa vAkya meM rAma pAkakartA nahIM hai, kyoMki zabda-zakti kA yaha svabhAva hai ki sambodhyamAna padArtha 'idam' ( ayam ) zabda kA artha nahIM hotA / sambodhya kA bodha yuSmad yA bhavat se hotA hai / 'he rAma ! mAmuddhara' meM nizcaya hI rAma uddharaNa kriyA kA kartA hai / vivakSAtaH kArakANi isa adhyAya kI samApti karane ke pUrva hama kAraka-sambandhI eka aise viSaya kA vivecana karanA apekSita samajhate haiM jisameM bhApA-prayoga ko loka ke adhIna svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / vyAkaraNa ke sabhI niyama usake samakSa vinata haiM / kArakoM kA vyavahAra prAyazaH vaktA kI icchA para nirbhara karatA hai, dravya kI vastuniSTha sthiti para nhiiN| hama Upara kaha cuke haiM ki dravyoM kI vividha zaktiyA~ haiM; yaha sArA saMsAra hI zaktiyoM kA samUha hai, kintu eka bAra meM koI-koI zakti hI vaktA kI buddhi kA viSaya banatI hai, sabhI zaktiyA~ nahIM / yadi dravyoM kI sabhI zaktiyA~ buddhi ke dvArA nirUpita hone lageM to sabhI kArakoM kI yugapat prApti tathA sAMkarya kA prasaMga A jaaygaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki 'ghaTaM pazya, ghaTena jalamAnaya, ghaTe jalaM nidhehi'--ityAdi meM karma-karaNaadhikaraNa kI niyamapUrvaka vyavasthA hotI haiM, kyoMki kisI samaya karmatva-zakti vivakSita hotI hai to kabhI karaNatva-zakti / isI prakAra sabhI kArakoM kI kartRtvavivakSA bhI unakI kArakatvazakti kI upapatti ke lie hotI hai / vivakSA eka laukika tathya hai| dRSTArtha yA lokataH prApta hone ke kAraNa isakA vidhAna zAstra meM nahIM kiyA gayA hai| vidhAna adRSTArtha athavA atyanta aprApta viSaya kA hI hotA hai / isIlie zAstroM meM 'vivakSA bhavati' 'vivakSA dRzyate' ityAdi vAkya milate haiM; 'vivakSAM kuryAt' jaise nhiiN| AcAryoM ne isa loka-vivakSA ko bahuta mahattva diyA hai tathA isI ke AdhAra para bhASA-prayogoM kA vivecana bhI kiyA hai| pataJjali ne vivakSA kA ullekha karate hue kahA hai ki kabhI-kabhI sat-padArtha kI 1. 'tasmAtkartRkArakatvaM sambodhanasyeti vRddhoktaM sAdhveva' / -la0 ma0, pR0 1191 2. la0 ma0 kalATIkA, pR0 1192 / 3. (ka) sAyaNa kI RgbhASya-bhUmikA meM svAdhyAya-prakaraNa-'adRSTArthA tvadhItivihitatvAt' / (kha) 'vidhirtyntmpraapte'| -arthasaMgraha, pR0 54

Page #116
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana bhI avivakSA hotI hai; jaise-'alomikA eDakA' / anudRza kanyA / yahA~ alparoma tathA alpa udara tathya haiM, kintu naJ kA prayoga karake unakI avivakSA kI gayI hai| isI prakAra asat padArtha kI bhI vivakSA hotI hai; jaise --samudraH kuNDikA / samudra kA pAra karanA kuNDa ko pAra karane ke samAna sarala hai athavA kuNDa meM samudra ke samAna bahuta jala hai / samudra tathA kuNDa kA sAmAnAdhikaraNya asat haiM, kintu vivakSA ke bala se ukta arthoM meM isakI upapatti mAnI gayI hai / pataJjali ne ye udAharaNa adhruvatA kI avivakSA ke prasaMga meM diye haiM / ukta vivakSA koI Azcarya nahIM, kintu laukika satya hai| 'ktasya ca vartamAne' sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM inhIM paMktiyoM ko pataJjali ne duharAyA hai| karmAdi kI avivakSA ko 'zeSa' kahate haiN| 'chAtro hasati' meM chAtra kA kartatva eka tathya hai, kintu vahI avivakSita hokara zeSa-vivakSA se 'chAtrasya hasitam' meM SaSThI grahaNa karatA hai| isI prakAra 'mayuro nRtyati--mayurasya nRttam' 'kokilo vyAharatikokilasya vyaahRtm'| ____ bhartRhari ne sAdhana-samuddeza ke dUsare hI zloka meM vivakSA kI zakti kA vizada vivecana kiyA hai 'zaktimAtrAsamUhasya vishvsyaanekdhrmnnH| sarvadA sarvathA bhAvAt kvacit kiJcid vivakSyate' ||-vaakypdiiy 37 / 2 arthAt aneka dharmoM se yukta tathA zaktiyoM ke samudAya-svarUpa vizva kI saba samaya sabhI prakAra se sattA hai, kintu eka samaya meM eka hI dharma tathA zakti vivakSita hotI hai| ataeva eka hI dravya meM kAlabheda se bhinna-bhinna zaktiyoM kI vivakSA ho sakatI hai| ve punaH kahate haiM ki kAraka kA vyavahAra buddhi kI avasthA para Azrita hai / jaba bu| kisI vastu kA nirUpaNa kara letI hai tabhI vaha ( vastu ) zabda kA viSaya banatI hai| ddhi use jisa rUpa meM nirUpita karegI, usakA vahI rUpa zabda meM prakaTa hogaa| kevala sat padArtha kA hI nirUpaNa buddhi ke dvArA ho, aisI bAta nahIM-asat kI bhI kalpanA buddhi kA vyApAra hai / bhaviSyatkAla meM sampanna hone vAle kAryoM kI pUrvakalpanA hama kara lete haiM, yadyapi ve kArya vartamAna meM nirUpaNIya nahIM hai| ataH buddhi ke dvArA nirUpaNa evaM kalpanA kA pUrNa yogadAna bhASA-prayoga ke kSetra meM hotA hai / bhartRhari ke hI zabdoM meM-- 'sAdhanaM vyavahArazca buddhyvsthaanibndhnH| sannasanvArtharUpeSu bhedo buddhayA prakalpyate' // -vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 3 'sthAlI pacati' meM patalI ( sthAlI ) hone ke kAraNa pAkakriyA meM kartA ke niyoga kI apekSA nahIM rakhane vAlI sthAlI svatantra rUpa se vivakSita hone ke kAraNa kartA hai, to 'sthAlyA pacati' meM indhana dvArA upakAra kI apekSA nahIM rakhane ke kAraNa 1. mahAbhASya 2, pR0 249 /

Page #117
kAraka tathA vibhakti usakI karaNatva-vivakSA bhI hotI hai| vaise vaha adhikaraNa to hai hii| isI prakAra abhAva ko bhI buddhi se nirUpita karake dravyAkAra meM dekhate hue kAraka-vyavahAra karate haiM--'AtmAnamAtmanA vetsi' ( kumAra0 2 / 10 ) / AtmA se bhinna na to koI karaNa hai, na karma, tathApi bheda kI kalpanA kI gayI hai| buddhi ke dvArA eka padArtha bhI bhinna kiyA jA sakatA hai aura bhinna padArthoM ko bhI eka rUpa meM dekhA jA sakatA haiM / abhirUpatA ( sundaratA )-dharma kI samAnatA paMcAla tathA kuru jAtiyoM meM hai-buddhi kI yaha ekatA yadi vaktA ko abhISTa na ho to atizaya abhirUpatA ke kAraNa vibhAga karane para 'paMcAla-jAti kuru-jAti se adhika abhirUpa hai' aisA prayoga hotA hai| sabhI kAraka kriyA-niSpatti mAtra ke prati kartatva-zakti dhAraNa karate haiM, kintu jaba unake vyApAroM kA bheda vivakSita hotA hai taba karaNatvAdi zaktiyA~ utpanna hotI hai 'niSpattimAtre kartatvaM sarvatravAsti kaarke| vyApArabhedApekSAyAM karaNatvAdisambhavaH'2 // -vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 18 isakA dRSTAnta diyA jAtA hai ki putra ke janma ke lie mAtA-pitA donoM kartA haiM, kintu jaba bheda-vivakSA hotI hai taba isa prakAra prayoga hote haiM-( ka ) ayamasyAM janayati tathA ( kha ) iyamasmAjjanayati / abheda-vivakSA meM kahA jAtA hai-'pitarau putraM janayataH' / isI prakAra manu kA yaha prayoga bhI siddha hotA hai-'brAhmaNAd vaizyakanyAyAmambaSTho nAma jAyate' ( manu0 108) / ___ karaNa kA nirUpaNa karane ke samaya bhI bhartahari vivakSA-zakti kA smaraNa karA dete haiM ki koI vastu sadA karaNa hI rahegI-aisA niyama nahIM, kyoMki adhikaraNa ke rUpa meM prasiddha sthAlI kA karaNarUpa dekhA jAtA hai| ataH sabhI kAraka vivakSA ke dvArA, jise buddhi kI avasthA kaha sakate haiM, pravRtta hote haiN| isa prakAra kaI sthAnoM para bhartRhari vivakSA-zakti kA nirdeza karate haiM, jinakA varNana hama tattat kArakoM ke vicAra ke samaya kreNge| yaha satya hai ki vivakSA ke kAraNa kArakoM kA vyatyaya hotA hai, kintu prayoktA isa viSaya meM svacchanda nahIM hai ki jahA~-tahA~ vivakSA kA durupayoga karatA rahe / vivakSA ke lie tIna Avazyaka bAteM haiM1. 'buddhacakaM bhidyate bhinnamekatvaM copagacchati' / -helArAja 3, pR0 234 para uddhRta / 2. 'tathA hi sAdhanAntaraviniyogavyApAraH krtaa| nirvatti-vikAra-prAptyAhitasaMskAraM kartuH kriyayepsitatamaM karma : ...."ityaadi'| -helArAja 3 / 7 / 18 para 3. vA0pa0 3 / 7 / 19 / 4.bA. pa. 31791 /

Page #118
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana (1) zAstra dvArA svIkArya kAraka-vibhakti ke badale jAne para bhI artha meM maulika parivartana nahIM honA cAhie / 'grAmAdAgacchati' kI vivakSA 'grAmamAgacchati' nahIM ho sktii| (2 subanta tathA tiGanta zabdoM kI prakRti ( prAtipadika tathA dhAtu ) meM parivartana nahIM honA cAhie / hA~, samAnArthaka prakRtiyoM ke prayoga meM koI-koI Apatti nahIM hai / 'grAmAdAgacchati' kI vivakSA 'grAmaM tyajati' ke rUpa meM nahIM dikhalAyI jA sakatI, kyoMki donoM kI prakRtiyA~ bhinna haiM / ( 3 ) vivakSA ziSTa prayogoM para Azrita hotI hai / pramattoM tathA avaiyAkaraNoM ke asAdhu prayogoM ko vivakSita rUpa kahakara zAstra meM grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isase siddha hai ki vivakSA kA kSetra bhI niyata hai| vivakSA kA zAstratva tathA usake prakAra apane samaya taka honevAlI vivakSAoM ko to pANini tathA kAtyAyana ne apane sUtroM-vArtikoM meM hI antarbhUta kara liyA thA, kintu unake bAda ke ziSTa prayoga pANinivyAkaraNa meM antarbhUta nahIM kiye jA sake / bhaTTojidIkSita ko itanI bar3I saMkhyA meM aise 'azAstrIya' prayoga mile ki prauDhamanoramA tathA zabda-kaustabha meM unheM siddha karane yA 'cintya' batalAne meM dIkSita ko mahAn zrama karanA pdd'aa| unake pUrva bhI zaraNadeva apanI durghaTavRtti meM tathA vAmanAdi AcArya apane kAvyazAstrIya granthoM meM aise prayogoM kA vicAra kara cuke the| pANini-vyAkaraNa meM nirdiSTa eka vivakSA kA udAharaNa leM'grAme vasati' meM grAma adhikaraNa hai, kintu 'grAmamupavasati, anuvasati' ityAdi meM vahI adhikaraNa karma ke rUpa meM vivakSita banakara zAstra kA rUpa le letA hai| pANini ne ise 'upAnvadhyAvasaH' sUtra dekara samAhita kiyaa| isI prakAra 'go: ( apAdAna ) payo dogdhi' kI vivakSA 'gAM payo dogdhi' ke rUpa meM hotI thii| ise tathA aise hI kaI anya prayogoM ke samAdhAna ke lie 'akathitaM ca' sUtra diyA ki apAdAnAdi se avivakSita kAraka ko karmasaMjJA hotI hai| eka sthAna meM avivakSita hone para dUsare sthAna meM vivakSA hogI hii| isI prakAra sambandha kI vivakSA kA bhI pANini ne nirIkSaNa kiyA hai| 'mAtaraM smarati' ke sthAna para 'mAtuH smarati' tathA 'chAtreNa hasitam' ke sthAna para zeSa-vivakSA meM 'chAtrasya hasitam' hotA hai| ye vivakSAe~ vaikalpika haiN| yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki vivakSA hone para usake mUla tathA vivakSita donoM rUpa sAdhu hI mAne jAya~, kyoMki adhikAMza vivakSAsthaloM meM mUla rUpa 'asAdhutva' kI sthiti meM pahu~ca gaye rahate haiN| 'grAme Avasati' kA prayoga asAdhu hai / 'dhanuSA vidhyati' (dhanuSa se nikale hue bANoM se viddha karatA hai )-isameM dhanuSa kA mUla rUpa apAdAna prayoga karanA asAdhu hai, karaNa kI vivakSA huI tathA vahI ekamAtra zuddha rUpa raha gyaa| bhASA ke prayogoM kA isI prakAra saMkramaNa hotA hai| kucha mUla rUpa azuddha to nahIM hai

Page #119
kAraka tathA vibhakti kintu prayukta nahIM hote --vivakSita rUpa unheM ukhAr3a pheMkane kI sthiti meM rahA hai| anta meM, bahuta se sthaloM meM vivakSita tathA mUla rUpa donoM vikalpa kI sthiti meM prayukta hote haiM / kintu yaha dhyAna rakhanA hai ki vibhakti-bheda se vAkyArtha meM atyanta sUkSma hI sahI, bheda to hotA hI hai| hama Upara dekha cuke haiM ki 'grAmaM grAmAya grAme vA gacchati' bilakula paryAya hI nahIM haiM / 'sthAlI pacati' tathA 'sthAlyA pacati' meM sthAlI kI paraspara bhinna zaktiyA~ udbhUta hotI haiN| kAraka kI vivakSAoM ko hama mukhyataH 4 vargoM meM rakha sakate haiM ( ka ) sabhI kArakoM kI karta-vivakSA---odanaH pacyate svayameva ( karma ) / asizchinatti ( karaNa ) / sthAlI pacati ( adhikaraNa ) / sampradAna tathA apAdAna kI kartRvivakSA prasiddha nahIM hai / apAdAna kA phira bhI eka udAharaNa milatA hai-balAhako ( meghaH ) vidyotate / ( kha ) karma ke rUpa meM vivakSA-apAdAnAdi se avivakSita padArthoM kI karmavivakSA hotI hai, jise akathita karma kahate haiM / yathA-gAM dogdhi payaH ( apAdAna ) / mANavakaM dharma brate ( sampradAna ) / (ga ) sambandha-vivakSA-aneka kArakoM kI apane varga meM avivakSA hone tathA unameM sambandhamAtra kI vivakSA hone para SaSThI vibhakti hotI hai / yathA--mAtuH smarati / pazUnAmISTe / (gha ) sabhI kArakoM kI vyatyaya-vivakSA---isa varga meM pANinIya sUtroM ke anuzAsana se adhika ziSToM ke prayoga hI niyAyaka tattva haiM / kucha ziSTa prayoga isa prakAra haiM-skandhena bhAraM vahati / skandha meM adhikaraNa ke sthAna para karaNa kI vivakSA karake tRtIyA huI hai| kAlAntara meM yahI ekamAtra zuddha prayoga raha gayA tathA adhikaraNa hI azuddha ho gyaa| isakA samarthana mahAkaviyoM ke prayogoM se bhI hotA hai 1. 'yazcApsarovibhramamaNDanAnAM sampAdayitrIM shikhraibiti'| -kumAra0 114 2. 'madhyena sA vedivilagnamadhyA valitrayaM cAru babhAra bAlA' |--kumaar0 1 / 39 3. 'guNAnurAgeNa zirobhiruhyate narAdhipairmAlyamivAsya zAsanam' / -kirAta0 121 ina udAharaNoM meM gati yA prApaNa artha nahIM hai ki karaNa-kAraka kA avakAza ho / 'dhAraNa karanA' artha hI sarvatra abhipreta hai / ataH adhikaraNa kI hI prApti thI vahI vAstava meM honA cAhie / kintu karaNa ke rUpa meM ziSToM kI vivakSA hotI hai / isI prakAra vAstavika karaNa ke sthAna meM vivakSA se ziSToM ne ina udAharaNoM meM adhikaraNa niyata kara diyA hai1. 'gRhIta iva kezeSa mRtyuna' dharmamAcaret / -paMcatantra / 2. 'razmiSvivAdAya nagendrasaktAM nivartayAmAsa nRpasya dRssttim'| -raghu0 2 / 28 1. paM0 cArudeva zAstrI, prastAvataraGgiNI, pR0 195-6 /

Page #120
saMskRta vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana vaise isakA saMketa pANini ne hI 'tatra tenedamiti sarUpe' ( 2 / 2 / 27 ) meM kiyA hai, jisase 'kezeSu kezeSu gRhItvA idaM yuddhaM pravRttam' vigraha vAkya hotA hai / isa prakAra vivakSA kI zakti itanI prabala hai ki ina udAharaNoM meM zAstra ke anusAra prayoga karanevAle hI upahAsAspada hoMge / lokokti bhI hai-- 'yadyapi zuddhaM lokaviruddhaM nAcaraNIyaM nAcaraNIyam' / niSedha vAkyoM meM vibhakti puruSottamadeva ne apane kArakacakra ke anta ( pR0 116 ) meM niSedha - mUlaka ( nigeTiva) vAkyoM meM vibhakti kA vivecana kiyA hai| prazna yaha hai ki 'kaTaM na karoti, parazunA na chinatti, viprAya na dadAti ityAdi vAkyoM meM dvitIyAdi vibhaktiyoM ke nimitta jo karmAdi kAraka haiM ve naJ ke prayoga se niSiddha ho jAte haiM, taba kisa AdhAra para ye vibhaktiyA~ hoMgI ? isakA uttara yaha hai ki pratiSedha prApti ke anantara hI hotA hai / jaba taka kisI kI prApti kI sambhAvanA nahIM hotI taba taka usakA niSedha nahIM ho sakatA ( prAptipUrvako hi pratiSedho bhavati ) / isIlie jaimini ne asambhava vastu pratiSedha kI nindA mImAMsAsUtra ke arthavAdAdhikaraNa meM pUrvapakSa kI ora se kI hai'abhAgi pratiSedhAt ' ( mI0 sU0 1/2/5 ) / tAtparya yaha hai ki sambhava tathA prApta vastu kAhI pratiSedha hotA hai / 'kaTaM na karoti' meM sarvaprathama pratiSedha viSaya ( kaTa ) kA upadarzana karanA cAhie, isalie dvitIyA vibhakti ho jAtI hai / bAda meM usakA sambandha natra se kiyA jAtA hai / 100 vidhi kI kAlpanika sattA ke AdhAra para vibhakti kI vyavasthA hone se usake anantara natra se sambandha hone para bhI vaha vibhakti yathApUrva rahatI hai / isa viSaya meM eka kArikA bhI puruSottama ne dI hai 'landharUpe kvacit kiJcit tAdRgeva niSidhyate / vidhAnamantareNAto na niSedhasya sambhavaH // tadanusAra jaba kisI vastu kI rUpopalabdhi yA sattA ( bhautika yA mAnasika ) ho jAtI hai, tabhI niSedha hotA hai / isalie niSedha vAkyoM meM bhI kAraka tathA anukUla vibhakti kI upapatti ho sakatI hai /

Page #121
caturtha adhyAya karta-kAraka vyutpatti kR-dhAtu ( DukRJ karaNe, tanAdi, ubhayapadI ) se kartRvAcaka tRc pratyaya lagAkara niSpanna 'kartA' ( prAti0 - kartR ) zabda isa dRSTi se kAraka zabda kA paryAya hai ki donoM meM samAna sUtra ( ' NvultRcau ' pA0 3 / 1 / 137 ) se hI kartRvAcaka pratyaya vihita hote haiN| tathA donoM kA artha haiM --- karanevAlA / kArakoM ke prakaraNa meM kartA kA sthAna isa artha - sAmya se samyak prakaTa hotA hai / vyAkaraNazAstra meM, vizeSataH pANini-tantra meM yaha niyama-sA hai ki kisI prakaraNa kA nAma ( saMjJAkaraNa ) usa prakaraNa meM sthita kisI pradhAna yA atiprasiddha viSaya ke AdhAra para rakhA jAtA hai ( pradhAnena vyapadezA bhavanti ) / udAharaNa ke lie kRt - prakaraNa kA nAma usa prakaraNa meM niSpanna honevAle suprasiddha zabda kRt ( kR + kvip ) para Azrita hai / ghi, nadI, taddhita ityAdi saMjJAoM meM bhI yaha niyama milatA hai | ataH kartA ke samAnArthaka 'kAraka' saMjJAkaraNa meM koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai / isI se kArakoM meM kartA kA pradhAna-bhAva jJAta hotA hai / pANini-kRta lakSaNa pANinIya aSTAdhyAyI meM kartA kA suprasiddha lakSaNa hai - 'svatantraH kartA' (1|4|54) arthAt kriyA kI siddhi meM jo svatantra rUpa se pravRtta ho use kartA kahate haiM / jaise - rAmo gacchati / rAmeNa gamyate / ina donoM udAharaNoM meM gamana kriyA kI siddhi ke lie rAma kI svatantra rUpa se pravRtti pradarzita hai / prathama meM kartA ( rAma ) abhihita hai, dUsare meM bhati / 'svatantra' kA pataJjali dvArA vivecana pataJjali ne isa sUtra kI vyAkhyA ke avasara para 'svatantra' zabda ke artha kA bar3A manoraMjaka varNana kiyA hai / 'tantra' zabda ko sAdhAraNa artha ( tantu, sUtra ) meM lene se 'svaM tantraM yasya saH svatantraH ' aisA samAsa karane para kevala tantuvAya ( julAhe ) ko hI kartA kaha sakeMge, dUsare kisI ko nahIM / kintu 'tantra' zabda dUsare arthoM meM bhI prayukta hotA hai; jaise - vistAra, pradhAnatA ityAdi / pataMjali ke anusAra yahA~ yaha pradhAnatA vAle artha meM hai ' / tadanusAra 'svatantra' kA artha hai -- 'sva AtmA tantraM pradhAnaM yasya saH ' ( kaiyaTa ) / kAraka kA adhikAra kSetra hone se yahA~ 'pradhAna' artha kA hI upayoga ho sakatA hai, anya arthoM kA nhiiN| vaise kriyA kI siddhi aneka kArakoM ke saMyukta prayAsa 1. 'tadyaH prAdhAnye vartate tantrazabdaH tasyedaM grahaNam' / - bhASya 2, pR0 277

Page #122
102 saMskRta vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana se hotI hai, kintu unameM bhI kisI kAraka kI pradhAnatA yA svatantratA rahatI hI hai / jaba dhAtu ke dvArA kisI sAdhana ke vyApAra ko pradhAnarUpa se prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai| taba usI ko svatantra kahate haiM tathA vaha kartA hotA hai / kisI ke vyApAra kI svatantratA mukhyataH vivakSA para nirbhara karatI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki prAyaH pratyeka kAraka kI svatantratA vivakSita hone para usake kartRtva kI upapatti hotI hai / pataJjali ne 'kArake' sUtra ( 1 / 4 / 23 ) kA vyAkhyAna karate hue sthAlIpulAka- nyAya se karaNa tathA adhikaraNa kArakoM ke kartRbhAva kA pradarzana kiyA hai / yaha sahI hai ki pratyeka kAraka meM kriyAbheda se eka ora jahA~ una viziSTa kArakoM kI vyavasthA hotI hai dUsarI ora vahIM kartRtva bhI upapanna hotA hai / kAtyAyana prAmANya para pataMjali kahate haiM ki jaba pAka-kriyA kA artha adhizrayaNa ( pAtra ko cUlhe para rakhanA ), udakAsecana ( usameM jala chor3anA ), taNDulAvapana ( cAvala DAlanA) tathA edho'pakarSaNa ( indhana haTAkara Aga bujhAnA ) hotA hai taba yaha pradhAna kartA ( devadattAdi ) kI pAka kriyA samajhI jAtI hai / ataH prayoga hotA hai - 'devadattaH pacati' arthAt devadatta pAtra ko cUlhe para rakhatA hai, usameM jala chor3atA hai ityAdi / pradhAna kartA kA kartRtva yahA~ isalie upapanna hai ki vaha ukta vyApAroM ke sampAdana meM svatantra hai punaH jaba kahate haiM ki 'pA~ca sera pakAtA hai, DhAI sera pakAtA hai ( droNaM pacati, ADhakaM pacati ) taba yahA~ pA~ca sera Adi parimANa se yukta anna ko grahaNa karane ( sambhavana ) tathA dhAraNa karane kA bodha hotA hai - randhana - pAtra ( sthAlI ) usa parimANa ko grahaNa - dhAraNa karake pAka kriyA kA sampAdana kara rahA hai / isa sthiti meM sAmAnyatayA adhikaraNa-kAraka ke rUpa meM uddiSTa randhana- pAtra kartA bana jAtA hai / yahI adhikaraNa kI pAkakriyA hai jisase 'sthAlI pacati' jaise vAkya siddha hote haiM / anta meM karaNa kI pAka - kriyA bhI dekheN| jaba hama kahate haiM-- edhAH pacanti ( lakar3iyA~ pakA rahI haiM ), taba yahA~ pAka-kriyA kA artha hai - 'anna ke komala ho jAne taka ( A viklitteH ) jalate rahanA' / isa kriyA kA sampAdana karanevAlI lakar3iyA~ kartA ke rUpa meM dikhalAyI gayI haiM, yadyapi sAdhAraNata: ve mukhya pAkakriyA kI siddhi ke lie karaNa yA sAdhakatama ke rUpa meM nirdiSTa hotI haiM ( edheH pacati ) / isa prakAra jaba jahA~ jaisI vivakSA ho dhAtuoM kI vaisI saMgata vRtti dikhalAyI jA sakatI hai / karma-kAraka ke kartRtva kA nirUpaNa to pANini ne hI 'karmavat karmaNA tulyakriya: ' ( 3 / 1 / 87 ) sUtra meM kiyA hai, jisake anusAra pAkakriyA kI susAdhyatA tathA pradhAna kartA ke vyApAra kI anupasthiti meM 'pacyate odanaH svayameva ' ( odana apane Apa paka rahA hai ) aisA prayoga hotA hai / isI prakAra kATane ( chidi kriyA ) ke krama meM udyamana ( kuThAra Upara uThAnA ) tathA nipAtana ( use girAnA ) karane vAlA vyakti pradhAna kartA hai; jaise - devadattarichanatti / punaH 'parazuzchinatti' tathA 'chidyate kASThaM svayameva'ina udAharaNoM meM kramaza: karaNa aura karma kI kartRtvavivakSA huI /

Page #123
kartR-kAraka 103 apAdAna tathA sampradAna kArakoM kI kartRtva-vivakSA para AzaMkA prakaTa karake bhI anta meM kAtyAyana tathA pataJjali yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki kisI bhI kAraka kI svatantratA aura paratantratA paryAya-rUpa meM vAkya-prayoga para nirbhara karatI hai| kisIkisI vAkya meM apAdAna-kAraka ko bhI kartA ke paryAya ke rUpa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai; jaise -- balAhako vidyotate ( megha camakatA hai ) / yaha vAkya-prayoga megha tathA vidyut kI abheda-vivakSA para Azrita hai ( kaiyaTa ) / jaba niHsaraNa-kriyA ke aMga ke rUpa meM vidyotana vivakSita hokara megha aura vidyut kA antara dikhalAnA abhimata ho taba 'balAhakAd vidyotate' prayoga hotA hai| isake atirikta adhikaraNatva-vivakSA se 'balAhake vidyotate' prayoga bhI hotA hai, jisameM sthiti-kriyA ke aMga ke rUpa meM dyotanakriyA kA pradarzana iSTa hai arthAt megha meM sthita hokara jyotiHsvarUpa vidyut camaka itanA hone para bhI pataJjali yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki apAdAnAdi saMjJAoM kI prasiddhi kartRrUpa meM nahIM hai / yadyapi isake lie anya kAraNa haiM tathApi bhASyakAra yaha yukti dete haiM ki kAraka-prakaraNa meM sarvatra svAtantrya tathA pAratantrya kA paryAya hotA hai aura donoM kI prApti hone para paravartinI karta saMjJA apAdAnAdi saMjJAoM kI svAtantryavivakSA kabhI nahIM hone detii| ina saMjJAoM ke svatantra vyApAra kI avivakSA ke kAraNa hI sambhavataH aSTAdhyAyI meM vipratiSedha-paribhASA kA dhyAna rakhakara inheM kArakapakra ke Arambha meM sthAna diyA gayA hai, jisase ye saMjJAe~ saMjJAntara ke rUpa meM vivakSita hone kA sAhasa na kara sake / 'grAmAdAgacchati' kA 'grAma Agacchati' nahIM ho sakatA aura na hI 'brAhmaNAya dadAti' kI vivakSA 'brAhmaNo dadAti' ke rUpa meM ho sakatI hai--yaha hama pichale adhyAya meM dekha cuke haiM / yadi prayoga kiyA jAya to bilakula naye artha kI pratIti hogii| jaba taka svayaM vyApAra kA saMcAlana nahIM kiyA jAtA taba taka kisI padArtha kA upayoga pradhAna kriyA ke vyApAra meM nahIM ho sakatA ki vaha kartA bana ske| ataeva sampradAna tathA apAdAna ke vyApAra meM ( jo zabda ke dvArA vAcya nahIM ) dhAtu kI vRtti nahIM hotii| ____ aba pataJjali ke samakSa dUsarA prazna upasthita hotA hai / randhanapAtra ko ve grahaNakriyA tathA dhAraNa-kriyA se sambaddha mAnakara svatantra arthAt kartA siddha kara dete haiN| taba vaha apane adhikaraNatva kI adhikAra-rakSA ke lie paratantra kahA~ rahegA? isake uttara meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki pAkya vastu ke prakSAlana tathA paricAlana (calAnA) kI kriyA kI apekSA se randhana-pAtra paratantra hogA, kyoMki ina kriyAoM kA vaha AdhAra hai| kintu yaha uttara yuktisaMgata nahIM, kyoMki koI vyakti isalie randhanapAtra kA upAdAna nahIM karatA ki maiM isameM prakSAlana yA paricAlana kruuNgaa| sabhI loga yahI soca 1. draSTavya-kaiyaTa : pradIpa 2, pR0 244 / 2. 'svavyApArAnuSThAnamantareNa pradhAnakriyAyAmupayogAbhAvAt / .....'zabdazaktisvAbhAdhyAccApAdAnasampradAnavyApAre dhAturna vartate' / -kaiyaTa, vahIM

Page #124
104 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana kara pAtra lAte haiM ki vaha ( pAtra ) itanA anna grahaNa aura dhAraNa kara sakegA-ina kriyAoM meM vaha svatantra hai| ___ taba yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki pAtra meM sthita vyApAra kA kathana hone para pAtra svatantra hotA hai aura jaba pradhAna kartA meM sthita vyApAra prakaTa kiyA jAya taba vaha paratantra bhI hotA hai| kintu isa samAdhAna meM bhI AzaMkA kA avakAza hai ki kartRstha vyApAra ke prakaTa hone para bhI uparyukta grahaNa tathA dhAraNa-kriyAoM kA sampAdana karanevAlA randhana-pAtra svatantra hI to rahatA hai / taba anta meM yaha samAdhAna diyA jA sakatA hai ki pradhAna ( kartA ) ke sAtha samavAya ( sAnnidhya ) hone para randhana-pAtra paratantra rahatA hai aura jaba usase dUrI rahe ( kisI vAkya meM pradhAna kartA anupasthita ho ) to svatantra ho jAtA hai / ise pataJjali eka laukika udAharaNa se spaSTa karate haiM / rAjA ke sAmane rahane para amAtya apane kAma meM paratantra rahate haiM aura jaba usase dUra haTakara apane sambaddha vibhAga meM jAte haiM to svatantra haiN| yahI sthiti pradhAna kartA ke sAnnidhya meM karaNAdi kArakoM kI hai| aisA kabhI nahIM hotA ki pradhAna kartA kI upasthiti meM koI dUsarA kAraka kartA ke rUpa meM vivakSita ho; jaise-rAmaH sthAlI pacati' / yaha prayoga asaMgata hai / cUMki sabhI kAraka sAmUhika rUpa se kriyA ke utpAdaka haiM ata: yaha prazna uThanA svAbhAvika hai ki kise pradhAna mAnA jAyaH ? kevala kartA ko pradhAna kaha dene se to kAma nahIM cala sakatA, kucha yukti denI hogii| pataJjali isake uttara meM kahate haiM ki kartA cUMki anya sabhI sAdhanoM ( kArakoM ) ke vartamAna hone para unheM kArya meM pravRtta karAkara kriyA kA utpAdana karatA hai isalie vaha pradhAna hai| isakA spaSTIkaraNa yaha hai ki pAkakriyA ke sampAdana ke lie sAmAnya rUpa se upakAra karanevAle padArtha indhana, agni, jala, pAtra ityAdi sabhI sAdhanoM ke rahane para bhI hama taba taka 'pacati' kA prayoga nahIM kara sakate jaba taka pAkakartA apane kArya meM sannaddha nahIM ho jaataa| kartA isIlie svatantra kahalAtA hai ki usakA apanA rUpa hI tantra arthAt pradhAna hotA hai / karaNAdi meM para ( arthAt kartA ) kI pradhAnatA hotI hai / kartA hI unheM kArya meM prayojita karatA hai aura taba ve kriyAsiddhi karane meM samartha hote haiN| kartA kisI ke dvArA prayojya nahIM hotA, ataH vaha svatantra yA pradhAna hai| kartA kI svatantratA : bhartRhari ke vicAra kartA kI ukta pradhAnatA kI upapatti bhartRhari ne vAkyapadIya kI do kArikAoM ( 37101-2 ) meM kI hai, jinakA bhAvArtha kaiyaTa ne bhASya kI ukti ke vyAkhyAna meM prAyaH anvaya karake hI diyA hai| ye kArikAe~ isa prakAra haiM 1. bhASya 2, pR0 245 / 2. 'yatsarveSu sAdhaneSu sannihiteSu kartA pravartayitA bhavati' / -bhASya 2, pR0 245

Page #125
kartR-kAraka 105 'prAganyataH zaktilAbhAnyagbhAvApAdanAdapi / tavadhInapravRttitvAtpravRttAnAM nivartanAt // adRSTatvAtpratinidheH praviveke ca darzanAt / ArAdapyupakAritve svAtantryaM karturiSyate // (1) prAganyataH zaktilAbhAta-kriyAsiddhi ke nimitta kAraNa ke rUpa meM vidyamAna kartA kI apanI zakti hotI hai / yaha zakti use dUsare nimittoM meM zakti utpanna hone ke pUrva hI mila jAtI hai, kyoMki anya nimitta ( kAraka ) jahA~ apanI-apanI zakti kartA-kAraka se prApta karate haiM, kartA aisA nahIM karatA ( nimittAntara se zakti grahaNa nahIM karatA ) / vaha svayaM kriyAsiddhi ke lie paryApta zakti rakhatA hai| isalie kevala sArthaka zabda hone se hI-abhidheyamAtra meM ( arthitvAt )--kartA ke AdhAra para prathamA vibhakti hotI hai-gauH, azvaH / inameM 'asti' yA 'vidyate' kriyA hI paryApta hai| (2) nyagbhAvApAdanAdapi - dUsare kAraka kartA ke samakSa nyagbhUta arthAt sahakArI ke rUpa meM Ate haiM / kartA kriyAsiddhi ke lie unheM niyukta karatA hai tathA ve apradhAna banakara usakI apane lakSya kI prApti meM sahAyatA karate haiN| yaha kartA kI pradhAnatA kA hI dyotaka hai| ( 3 ) tadadhInapravRttitvAt-isase spaSTa hai ki anya kArakoM kI pravRtti kartA kAraka ke vyApAra ke adhIna hotI hai| kartA tathA karaNAdi kArakoM ke bIca prayojakaprayojya kA sambandha haiM jahA~ kartA sAkSAt pravartaka hai / jisake adhIna dUsaroM ke kriyAkalApa yA vyApAra saJcAlita hoM use pradhAna kahanA sarvathA nyAyocita hai / (4) pravRttAnAM nivartanAt-cUMki kartA kA vyApAra kriyA kI siddhi ke lie hotA hai ataH isa viSaya meM vaha pUrNataH svAdhIna hai ki jisa kisI sAdhana kA cAhe vaha upayoga kare yA na kare / yahI nahIM, jaba vaha dekhatA hai ki karaNAdi kAraka apane adhikAra-kSetra se bAhara nikala kara kAma karane para tule haiM to vaha una pravRtta kArakoM ko roka bhI detA hai / isake atirikta jaba kartA phalaprApti ke bAda svayaM nivRtta hotA hai taba usake adhIna kAma karanevAle dUsare kAraka bhI sAtha-hI-sAtha nivRtta ho jAte haiM / isa prakAra sAdhanAntara kI pravRtti-nivRtti kA niyamana karane ke kAraNa kartA pradhAna kahA jAtA hai| (5) adaSTatvAtpratinidheH-karaNAdi kArakoM kA pratinidhi kartA kAraka ho sakatA hai, kintu kartA kA koI pratinidhi nahIM dekhA gayA hai, jo usakA sthAnApanna ho sake / kisI kriyAvizeSa kI siddhi ke lie eka hI kartA ho sakatA hai| yadi vaha badalA jAtA hai to samajhanA cAhie ki kriyA meM bhI parivartana hogaa| dUsare kArakoM 1. 'kartA tu phalArthamIhamAnaH svayaM vyApAravAn / atipravRttAni karaNAdIni nivartyante kartA' / -helArAja ( ukta kArikAoM kI vyAkhyA meM )

Page #126
106 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana kA kartRtva hama Upara dekha Aye haiM jahA~ una kArakoM ke sthAna para kartA kAma kara rahA hai; yathA---sthAlI pacati / kintu jo mUlataH kartA hai use hama badala nahIM skte| yaha bhI usakI pradhAnatA kA sUcaka hai / (6 ) praviveke ca darzanAt -kartA ke abhAva meM dUsare kAraka nahIM Thahara sakate, jaba ki dUsare kArakoM ke abhAva meM kartA dekhA jAtA hai| yathA-ghaTo'sti, bhavati, vidyate / yahA~ kartA akelA hI kriyA kA sampAdaka hai 2 / kintu yadi kartA nahIM rahe to dUsare kAraka kriyAsiddhi kabhI nahIM kara sakate--yahI kartA kI pradhAnatA yA svatantratA hai| ina yuktiyoM se bhartRhari siddha karate haiM ki kartA dUra rahakara bhI kriyA kA upakAra kyoM nahIM kare ( kyoMki karaNa-kAraka kriyAsiddhi ke sarvAdhika nikaTa hotA hai ), vaha svatantra rahegA hii| helArAja ina yuktiyoM ko bhASya kI uparyukta paMkti kI vizleSaNAtmaka vyAkhyA mAnate haiN| unake hI zabdoM meM ... iti samasyAbhihitaM bhASyaM vyasya vyAkhyAtam' / kucha bhI ho, ye yuktiyA~ kartA kI svatantratA kA samyak upapAdana karatI haiN| prayojya kA kartRtva pataJjali kartalakSaNa meM prayukta 'svatantra' zabda ke viSaya meM eka zaMkA uThAte haiM ki yadi svatantra ( svapradhAna ) ko hI kartasaMjJA hotI taba to prayojya vyakti ko kartA nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki prayojya svatantra nahIM hotA---prayojaka kI pradhAnatA ke adhIna kAma karatA hai-'pAcayati odanaM devadattaH (prayojaka) sUpakAreNa (prayojya)' / phalataH hameM prayojya kartA mAnane ke lie upasaMkhyAna karanA par3egA; jaise-svatantraH kartA ( prayojyazcetyupasaMkhyAnam ) / kintu aisI bAta nahIM hai, prayojya bhI svatantra hI hai| yadi vaha svatantra nahIM hotA to dUsare kArakoM ke viniyoga dvArA kriyAsiddhi nahIM kara sakatA aura prayojya ke dvArA kAma na kiye jAne kI sthiti meM bhI ( akurvatyapi ) 'prayojakaH kArayati' aisA prayoga hone lagatA / phalasvarUpa 'kArayati' prayoga prayojya ke kAma karane para hI hotA hai, jisase usakI svatantratA banI rhe| taba yaha kahanA kadAcit ucita ho ki prayojya kAma kare ( kriyAsiddhi kare ) taba svatantra hai, kAma na kare taba paratantra hai / isalie prayojaka kA saMnidhAna rahane para bhI prayojya svArtha 1. 'kantaraM hi kriyAM nivartayat pratinihitaM nocyate / tasyApyarthinaH samarthasyAparyudastasyAdhikArAt' / -vahI 2. 'yadyapi atrAdhikaraNAdayaH sambhavanti tathApi nAntarIyakAste shbdvyaapaaraadprtiiymaanaaH'| -vahI pR0 312 3. 'yadi prayojyasya svAtantryaM na syAnnavAsau sAdhanAntaraviniyogAdinAM kriyAM kuryAt / tathA cAkurvatyapi prayojye prayojaka: kArayatIti vyapadizyata' / -kaiyaTa 2, pR0 278

Page #127
kartR-kAraka 907 sAdhana meM lagA hI hai tathA kAma karane meM svatantra hai / kaiyaTa ne isa sandarbha meM bhASyakAra kA vacana pramANa mAnA hai - 'na hi kazcitparo'nugrahItavya iti pravartate, sarva ime svabhUtyarthaM yatante' / saba apane-apane svArtha-sAdhana meM lage haiM, koI dUsare para anugraha karane ke lie apanA kAma nahIM karatA / cetana kI yahI vizeSatA hai| svatantra tathA asvatantra kA nizcaya prayojya ( preSita ) puruSa meM kriyA vA akriyA dekhakara kiyA jAtA hai ki kAma karane para vaha svatantra hai aura yadi kAma nahIM karatA to svatantra bhI nahIM hai| pahalI sthiti meM kArayati' kA prayoga ho sakatA hai, dUsarI meM nhiiN| kintu pataJjali anta meM nirNaya dete haiM ki preSita puruSa yadi kAma nahIM bhI kare to vaha svatantra hai' tathA usa sthiti meM bhI 'kArayati' kA prayoga ho sakatA hai| bAta yaha hai ki prayojaka jaba kisI ko preSita karatA hai tabhI hama hetumAn arthAt preSaNAdi vyApAra ke kAraNa 'kArayati' prayoga karate haiN| yaha prayoga isakI apekSA nahIM rakhatA ki prayojya kAma karegA yA nhiiN| kArya-sampAdana pUrNatayA prayojya kI icchA ke adhIna hai-vaha kareM yA na kare / isa pravRtti-nivRtti-rUpa icchA ke hone se hI isakI svatantratA akSuNNa rahatI hai / vaha svatantratA hI kyA jisameM apanI icchA se kAma karane yA na karane kI chUTa nahIM ? cUMki aisI chUTa prayojya ko milI huI hai ataH vaha svatantra hai, kartA hai| prayojya ko kartA mAnane kA saMketa pANini ne bhI kiyA hai--'tatprayojako hetuzca' (1 / 4 / 55 ) arthAt svatantra kartA ko prayojita karanevAle ( vyApAra meM lagAne vAle, prayojaka ) ko bhI kartasaMjJA hotI hai| sAtha hI use hetusaMjJA bhI dI jAtI hai| isa sUtra ke AdhAra para prayojaka ko kartA tathA hetu kaha sakate haiN| prayojaka aura prayojya sApekSa zabda haiM--prayojaka jise kAma meM lagAtA hai, vahI prayojya hai / isa sUtra meM Aye hue 'tat' pada ke dvArA avyavahita pUrva meM prayukta svatantra kartA kA hI parAmarza hotA hai, jo isa sandarbha meM (prayojaka-prayoga ke kAraNa ) prayojya kartA ke atirikta aura koI nahIM / tadanusAra hama artha kara sakate haiM ki prayojyabhUta svatantra kartA kA prayojaka bhI kartA ( tathA hetu ) kahalAtA hai| ise saMyukta karake 'hetukartA' kahane kI paramparA vaiyAkaraNoM meM dekhI jAtI hai| pataJjali ne uparyukta tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara zaMkA ThAyI hai ki preSaNavyApAra meM asvatantra kA prayojaka hone para hetusaMjJA nahIM ho sakatI, hetusaMjJA tabhI hogI jaba svatantra vyakti ko preSita kiyA jAya ( svatantra-prayojako hetusaMjJo bhavatItyucyate )--paramparA aisI hI hai / ataeva yaha satya hai ki hetu yA prayojaka svatantra kartA ko hI prayojita karatA hai / kintu prayojya ko svatantra mAnane meM eka kaThinAI AtI hai jisakA nirdeza eka vArtika meM kiyA gayA hai--'svatantratvAt siddhamiti cet, 1. 'yadi ca preSito'sau na karoti, svatantro'sau bhavati' / -bhASya 2, pR0 279

Page #128
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana svatantraparatantratvaM vipratiSiddham 1 / prayojaka ke sannidhAna meM prayojya kI paratantratA sAdhAraNa anubhava kA hI viSaya hai aura udhara Apa kahate haiM ki prayojaka svatantra ko prayojita karatA hai / isa prakAra prayojya eka ora se svatantra kahA jA rahA hai, dUsarI ora paratantra ho rahA hai - yaha paraspara virodha ( vipratiSedha, tulya baloM kA saMgharSa ) vicitra sthiti utpanna karatA hai / kintu isakA ucita samAdhAna vArtikakAra anyatra kiyA hai | 108 vArtikakAra kA prathama samAdhAna hama abhI-abhI dekha cuke haiM ki yadi prayojya svatantra nahIM hotA to vaha kriyAsiddhi nahIM kara pAtA tathA usake kAma na kara pAne kI sthiti meM bhI ( akurvatyapi ) 'kArayati' kriyA kA prayoga hone lagatA 2 / 'kArayati' kriyA prayojya ke kAma karane yA svatantra hone kI sthiti meM hI prayukta hotI hai - yaha kAtyAyana kA mata hai / bhASyakAra isa viSaya meM udAratApUrvaka laukika anubhava rakhate hue prayojya ke kAma na karane kI sthiti meM bhI usakI svatantratA kI siddhi karate haiM / aba sthiti yaha hai ki jaba prayojya ke kAma karane aura na karane -- ina donoM hI sthitiyoM meM 'kArayati' kA prayoga ho sakatA hai taba pravRtti - nivRtti donoM meM svecchAdhIna kAma karanevAle ko svatantra kyoM nahIM mAnA jA sakatA ? svatantratA kA upabhoga usake dvArA nahIM hone kI sthiti meM 'kArayati' isa Nijanta kriyA kA prayoga nahIM hotA svatantra kartA ke prayojaka ko hetu kahate haiM aura hetu sthita preSaNAdi vyApAra ke dyotita hone para hI 'hetumati ca' ke dvArA Nic pratyaya lagatA hai| isase siddha hai ki prayojya hone para bhI usakI svatantratA banI rahatI hai / unakA dUsarA samAdhAna vahA~ dekhA jA sakatA hai jahA~ 'hetumati ca' ( pA0 3|1| 26 ) sUtra ke antargata 'AkhyAnAtkRtastadAcaSTe' vArtika kA AkSepa karane ke lie svayaM kAtyAyana kahate haiM ki ukta vArtika se jo 'kaMsaM ghAtayati' ityAdi udAharaNoM kI siddhi hotI hai vaha ' hetumati ca' sUtra se hI sambhava hai, vArtika kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai | vAstavika kaMsavadha ke hetukartA indrAdi haiM, unake prayoga meM - 'indraH kRSNena kaMsaM ghAtayati' isa prakAra 'hetumati ca' se siddha hotA hai / kintu usI tathya ko naTa abhinaya ke dvArA jaba raMgamaMca para prastuta karatA hai taba isa vArtika kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai aura 'kaMsaM ghAtayati' kA prayoga hotA hai / isa para katyAyana kA kathana hai ki isa abhinayAtmaka kaMsavadha para vAstavika kaMsavadha kA Aropa kara deM to donoM meM koI antara nahIM raha jAtA tathA 'hetumati ca' se hI donoM prakAra ke kaMsavadhoM ( vAstavika 1. bhASya 2, pR0 280 / 2. 'na vA svAtantryAd, itasthA hyakurvatyapi kArayatItiH syAt' ( vA0 ) / tathA - 'yo hi manyate, nAsau svatantraH, akurvatyapi tasya kArayatItyetatsyAt ' ( bhASya ) / - bhASya 2, pR0 278

Page #129
kartR-kAraka tathA abhinIta ) ke abhivyaMjana meM 'kaMsaM ghAtayati' kA prayoga siddha hogA / isI prasaMga meM ve Age calakara kahate haiM ki svatantra kA prayojaka yadi hetu kartA hai aura isase yadi prayojya meM svatantratA kA abhAva hotA hai to prayojaka kabhI hetu kahalA hI nahIM sakatA / ataH prayojya kartA kI svatantratA ke kAraNa hI prayojaka kA hetutva upapanna hotA hai 2 / tadanusAra indra kA hetu kartRtva tabhI mAnA jAyagA jaba kRSNa (prayojya ) meM bhI svAtantrya rahe / isI kA Aropa nATaya-zikSaka ( hetukartA ) tathA kRSNa kI bhUmikA dhAraNa karanevAle naTa ( prayojyakartA ) para bhI huA hai| isa prakAra jaise inameM abhedadarzana huA hai, donoM ko samAna stara para dekhA gayA hai usI prakAra prayojya kartA tathA usa kartA meM bhI samAnatA hai jo binA kisI preraNA ke svayaM svatantratApUrvaka kAma karatA hai / 'yajJadattaH devadattena kArayati' tathA 'devadattaH karoti' ina donoM vAkyoM meM devadatta meM samAna rUpa se svatantratA hai| ___ vyAkaraNazAstra ke trimuni ke dvArA nirUpita kartaviSayaka vicAra karate samaya AnuSaMgika rUpa se bhartRhari kI do kArikAoM kA uddharaNa dekara kartA kI svatantratA ke kAraNoM para bhI vicAra kiyA gyaa| aba hama bhartRhari ke etadviSayaka anya vicAroM kI vyAkhyA kreN| acetana kA kartRtva ___ bhartahari ne kartA kI svatantratA kI vizada vyAkhyA kI hai, jisameM kartA ko aneka zaktiyoM se paripUrNa ghoSita kiyA gayA hai| ukta svatantratA kA upayoga cetana padArtha hI kara sakatA hai, acetana nahIM / kintu 'ratho gacchati', 'nadI vahati', 'agnidahati', 'sthAlI pacati' ityAdi udAharaNoM meM hama acetana padArthoM ko kartA kA kAma karate dekhate haiN| inakA prayoga kisa prakAra samAdheya hai ? ina acetana padArthoM ke kartRtva kI puSTi bhartRhari nimna kArikA meM karate haiM 'dharmarabhyuditaH zabde niyamo na tu vastuni / karturdharmavivakSAgaM zabdAtkartA pratIyate // -vA0pa0 3 / 7 / 103 kartA kI svatantratA ke vodhaka jitane dharmoM kA Upara ullekha ho cukA hai; jaiseanya kArakoM ke pahale hI zaktilAbha karanA, unheM pravRtta karanA ityAdi-unakA yaha 1. tula0--zabdakaustubha 2, pR0 357--'kasaM ghAtayatIti tAvadAropaH / ye hi kaMsAdyanukAriNAM naTAnAM vyAkhyAnopAdhyAyAH te kaMsAnukAriNaM naTaM sAmAjikaiH kaMsabuddhayA gRhItaM tAdRzenaiva vAsudevena ghAtayatIva / tathA ca spaSTa AropaH' / 2. 'na vA sAmAnyakRtatvAd hetuto hyaviziSTam / tathA svatantraprayojakatvAdaprayojaka iti cet muktasaMzayena tulym'| --3 / 1 / 26 para bhASya tathA vArtika 3. 'acetaneSu tarhi evaMvidhakarmakalApAbhAvAt kartRtA na prApnoti-ityA -helArAja, kANa3, pR0 115

Page #130
110 ___saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAmuzIlana svAtantrya-niyama zabda ke viSaya meM hI samajhanA caahie| ina dharmoM kI pratIti zabdamAtra meM hone se bhI kartA kI siddhi hotI hai| inakI vAstavika sattA ho yA na hokoI antara nahIM pdd'taa| isIlie acetana padArtha ke viSaya meM bhI kartRtva kI upapatti ho jAtI hai, kyoMki unake zabda-saMsAra meM ina dharmoM kI samyak-pratIti upapAdya hai, bhale hI vastutaH ve pAye nahIM jaayeN| 'agnidahati' meM isI prakAra acetana agni ko kartA mAnA jAtA hai| helArAja kahate haiM ki zabdazAstra meM zabdArtha hI artha hai, vastu ko artha nahIM kahA jA sakatA, yadi vaha zabdagamya nahIM ho ( vyAkaraNe hi zabdArtho'rthaH, na vastvarthaH ) / uparyukta dharma kartA ke lakSaNa kI upapatti acetana para karane ke lie jaba vivakSita hote haiM, zabda ke dvArA tadanusAra pratIta karAye jAte haiM taba zabda se kartA kI bhI pratIti hotI hai| yaha kartRtva mukhya rUpa se to nahIM hotA, lAkSaNika ( aupacArika ) rUpa hI ise diyA jA sakatA hai' / karaNAdi kArakoM kA jo vaivakSika kartRtva hotA hai usameM prAyaH acetana hI padArtha hote haiM-unakI puSTi bhI isa niyama se ho jAtI hai / mukhya rUpa se kartA vahI ho sakatA hai jo zabdataH aura vastutaH donoM prakAra se una dharmoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai; jaise-devadattaH pacati / zabdajagat kI vilakSaNatA svatantratA ke vivakSAdhIna hone se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki eka hI padArtha kabhI-kabhI yugapat aneka kArakoM kA rUpa dhAraNa kara sakatA hai, yadi usakA bodha vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se kiyA jAya / eka hI AtmA ko kartA, karma aura karaNa ke rUpa meM samAna vAkya meM dekhA jAtA hai; jaise-AtmAnamAtmanA hanti / yadi vAstavika saMsAra meM isakA samAdhAna khojeM to hameM nirAzA hogI, kintu zabda-jagat kA kArakavyavahAra hameM aisA karane kI anumati detA hai| vastu-jagat meM isa udAharaNa kA vizleSaNa karane para aneka doSa mileMge-eka vastu eka hI bAra aneka tathA paraspara vilakSaNa rUpoM meM nahIM raha sakatI aura na amUrta AtmA ko zastrAdi se mArA hI jA sakatA hai / kintu zabda para Azrita vivakSA kA saMsAra hI dUsarA hai-kavi-nimiti ke samAna vaha bhI 'niyatikRta niyama se rahita' hai| zastrAdi ke uThAne-girAne ke vyApAra se yukta puruSa hanana-kriyA kA kartA hai| viSaya ke rUpa meM vivakSita ( hantavya ) AtmA hI karma hai / saukaryAtizaya kI vivakSA hone se zastrAdi ke vyApAra kI anupasthiti meM vahI AtmA karaNa bhI hai / isa prakAra zAbda kartRtva kI upapatti hotI hai / 1. 'evaM ca kRtvAcetaneSapacaritAmapi na bhavati kartatvama, sarvatrAskhalavRttitvAt prayogasya mukhyatAsambhavAt' / -helArAja, vahI 2. 'ekasya buddhayavasthAbhirbhede ca parikalpite / karmatvaM karaNatvaM ca kartRtvaM copajAyate' // -vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 104 3. ..."nainaM chindanti zastrANi' / --gItA 2 / 23

Page #131
kartR kAraka 111 'akuro jAyate' kA vivecana zabda-jagat kI vicitratA kA dUsarA udAharaNa hameM 'aGakuro jAyate' ke prayoga meM milatA hai, jisa para bhartahari dArzanika dRSTi se kArya-kAraNa siddhAnta kA vivecana bhI karate haiN| vAkyapadIya ke sambandha-samuddeza meM eka sthAna para ve upacAra-sattA ( lAkSaNika prayoga ) kI puSTi karane ke lie mukhyasattA ( vAstavika sattA ) ko asambhava batalAte haiN| 'jAyate' meM janma kA artha hotA hai-vastu ke svarUpa kI prApti ( AtmalAbha ) / usameM tIna tattvoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai- labdhA ( janma lene vAle ) kartA kI, labhya karma ( vastu-svarUpa ) kI tathA lAbhAtmaka kriyA kii| ye tInoM hI satpadArtha se sambandha rakhanevAle hote haiM / sat vaha hai jo pahale se svarUpalAbha kiyA huA hai ( labdhAtmA hi sannucyate ) arthAt sat kA punaH AtmalAbha sambhava nahIM / phalataH sat-padArtha ke janma kI upapatti nahIM ho sktii| dUsarI ora, asatpadArtha ke bhI janma kI bAta nahIM kI jA sakatI, kyoMki svarUpalAbha ke hI artha meM janana-kriyA hotI hai aura sarvathA asat-padArtha svarUpalAbha kyA kara sakegA? yaha svIkAra karanA anivArya hai ki vastu kAraNAvasthA meM zaktirUpa meM avasthita hai tathA kisI apUrva aMza kA lAbha karatI hai, jise janma kahate haiM / tadanusAra jisa rUpa ke AdhAra para vastu ko sat kahate haiM usa rUpa ke dvArA janma nahIM hotA aura jisa rUpa se janma hotA hai ThIka usI rUpa ke kAraNa, vaha sat nahIM kahalA sakatAyaha 'aGkuro jAyate' ke prayoga kI sabase bar3I kaThinAI hai / janma kI maryAdA rakhakara asat ko svIkAra karate haiM to dhAtvartha meM kartRtva kI siddhi nahIM hotI tathA pratyaya kA virodha bhI hotA hai aura yadi kartRtva kI rakSA karate hue sat ko svIkAra kareM to janmAtmaka dhAtvartha kA virodha hogaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki 'jAyate' kI upapatti aMkura ko asat mAnakara hogI ( aisI sthiti meM aMkura kartA nahIM ho sakegA ), athavA sat mAna kara aMkura kI hI upapatti hogI, kintu usakA sambandha 'jAyate' kriyA se nahIM ho sakegA / phalasvarUpa asat yA sat donoM hI pakSoM meM sthiti asAdhya hai / yaha isalie hotA hai ki hama mukhya yA bAhya sattA kA Azraya lete haiM / upacAra-sattA svIkAra karane para anupapatti kA prazna nahIM utthtaa| upacAra-sattA ke jagat meM yaha Avazyaka niyama nahIM hai ki sarvathA siddha padArtha hI janma letA hai yA sarvathA asadrUpa vAlA padArtha hI utpanna hotA hai / vahA~ to sat ho yA asat, pUrva tathA apara avasthAoM para Azrita padArtha kA ( jo sattA prApta karane ke lie unmukha ho ) janma samajhA jAtA hai / isa prakAra uttaravartI avasthA-vizeSa 1. 'AtmalAbhasya janmAkhyA sattA labhyaM ca labhyate / ___ yadi sajjAyate kasmAdathAsajjAyate katham // -vA0pa0 3 / 3 / 43 2. 'iha sarvAtmanA pariniSThitaM jAyata iti na vyapadizyate / nApi sarvAtmanA'sadrUpam / api tu sadasadUpamAzritapUrvAparAvasthaM sattAsAdanonmukhaM vastu 'jAyate' shbdvissyH"| -helArAja 3 / 3 / 45

Page #132
112 saMskRta vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana ( asadrUpa ) ko kAraNoM kI kAryonmukhatA kA dyotana karanevAlI pUrvAvasthA para Aropita kiyA jAtA hai tathA aMkura kI pravRtti sattonmukha hone se use 'jAyate' kriyA kAkartA banAyA jAtA hai| bAhyasattA meM janma AtmalAbha ko hI kahate haiM, jaba ki upacArasattA meM yA zabdajagat meM AtmalAbha kI pravRtti bhI janma kahalAtI hai / isalie mukhya prazna yaha hai ki 'aGkuro jAyate' meM sat padArtha janma letA hai yA asat ? hama dekha cuke haiM ki vAstavika rUpa kA Azraya lene para donoM hI pakSa asaMgata pratIta hoNge| isalie upacAra sattA ko svIkAra kara upapatti kI vyavasthA kI jAtI hai ' / anubhava kI dRSTi se utpatti ke pUrva aMkura kI sattA mAlUma nahIM hotI, kintu vAstavika rUpa se asat padArtha ko kartA nahIM banAyA jA sakatA / isa vipatti kA nirAkaraNa do hI prakAra se sambhava hai - ( 1 ) uparyukta prakAra se avAstavika hone para bhI sattA kA Aropa aMkura kI pUrvAvasthA para kiyA jAya ( upacAra - sattA ) athavA ( 2 ) isa prakAra ke sthAnAntaraNa ko vivakSAdhIna kiyA jAya / kartRtva yadi vaikSika ho jAya to upacAra kA koI prayojana nahIM rahegA / vivakSA-rUpa buddhi zabdaprayoga kA kAraNa hai / usameM zabda para nirbhara karanevAlI avasthAe~ rahatI haiM, jinase anya kriyAoM ke kartA ke samAna svatantratA kA upabhoga karanevAlA kartA jani-kriyA ko bhI diyA jAtA hai / yaha Aropa nahIM hai, vivakSA isakA niyamana karatI hai / sambandha-samuddeza meM upacAra - sattA kI muktakaMTha se stuti karane para bhI sAdhanasamuddeza meM bhartRhari use vivakSA ke samakSa mahattva nahIM dete / pratyuta helArAja to yahA~ taka kaha dete haiM ki 'zabdArtha hI artha hai ' - isa niyama kA vyabhicAra nahIM hotA, jisase sarvatra mukhya hI prayoga hotA hai, upacAra kI AvazyakatA nahIM / kintu isase upacAra kA sarvathA uccheda nahIM ho jAtA, kisI sthAna meM ananya gati hone ke kAraNa vaha anivArya sattA hai / jaise gRhasthAzrama meM niSiddha hone para bhI parAnnabhojana dUsare AzramoM meM vihita hotA hai, usI prakAra kAraka ke prakaraNa meM vivakSA ke dvArA nyagbhUta kiye jAne para bhI upacAra anyatra vidheya hai / jo kucha bhI ho, bhartRhari vivakSA kA guNagAna karate hue buddhi kI avasthA ko bahuta mahattva dete haiM, jisase jan-dhAtu ke kartA kI upapatti hotI hai / utpatti ke pUrva vastu kA asadbhAva rahane para bhI buddhi kI avasthA para Azrita hone se, sattAyukta dUsare kartA kI samAnatA se ( = jaise dUsarI kriyAoM ke kartA sat hote haiM usI prakAra ) jan-dhAtu ke bhI vaivakSika sat kartA kI upapatti hotI hai 'utpatteH prAgasadbhAvo buddhyavasthAnibandhanaH / aviziSTaH satAnyena kartA bhavati janmanaH // - vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 105 - vA0 pa0 3 / 3 / 45 mukhyataiva sarvatra / nopa -- helArAja, kANDa 3, pR0 315 1. ' upacarya tu kartAramabhidhAnapravRttaye' / 2. 'zabdArthaM eva cArthaH ityaskhaladvRttitvAt prayogasya 'cArArthaH kavicat' /

Page #133
kartR - kAraka 113 'aGkuro jAyate' kI upapatti ke uparyukta donoM prakAroM ( upacAra- sattA tathA vivakSA ) ke atirikta eka tIsarA prakAra bhI bhartRhari sujhAte haiM, jisase vastuvRtta ke AdhAra para bhI kartRtva- siddhi ho sake / Upara hamaloga kArya ke dvArA kartRtva tathA janma kI anupapatti dekhakara vibhinna upAyoM kI sahAyatA le rahe the / yadi kAraNa ke dvArA ( kAraNamukhena ) siddhi mArga para caleM to uparyukta sahAyatA kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM rahe / kAraNa-kArya ke sambandha para mukhyarUpa se karma kAraka ke prakaraNa meM vicAra hogA, kintu donoM ke abheda-pakSa kA Azraya lekara jo pariNAmavAda ( sAMkhya darzana meM ) calA hai usake AdhAra para yahA~ kAraNa meM kArya kA prakRtirUpa dekhA jA sakatA hai / pariNAmavAdI kAraNa tathA kArya ke bIca prakRti - vikRtibhAva mAnate haiM, jisase 'kSIraM dadhi sampadyate ' ( dUdha dahI ke rUpa meM pariNata hotA hai ) tathA ' bIjamaMGkuro jAyate' ( bIja aMkura bana jAtA hai ) inameM prakRti tathA vikRti ke bIca abheda vyavahAra dekhA jAtA hai| isa prakAra eka avasthA - vizeSa meM rahanevAle padArtha dUsarI avasthA ko svIkAra kara letA hai-- usakA tAttvika parivartana ho jAtA hai / kArya kI ora unmukha kAraNa hI viziSTa vikAra ke nirvartana kI prakriyA meM viziSTa uttarAvasthA ( aMkurAdi ) ke rUpa meM jani-kriyA kA kartA hai / ataH bIjarUpa kAraNa kartA hokara 'uttarAvasthA kI siddhi' ke artha meM janma grahaNa karatA hai, jisase 'aGkuro jAyate' prayoga hotA hai / niSkarSa yaha hai ki pariNAmavAda ke AdhAra para kAraNa kArya kI abhinnatA dikhalA kara sadavasthApanna bIja ke vikAra rUpa aMkura kA janma vAstavika sattA meM bhI dikhalAyA jA sakatA hai / isake upapAdana ke lie bhartRhari ne eka dUsarI kArikA meM kahA hai ki jaise sarpa kA kuNDalabandhana yA pRthak-pRthak ( vyagra ) aMguliyoM kA saMghAta - rUpa muSTibandha koI arthAntara nahIM, kevala avasthA - vizeSa kA grahaNamAtra hai; usI prakAra sat - padArthoM kA janma bhI avasthA - vizeSa kA ApAdana hai, usake atirikta kucha nahIM / isI prakAra kAraNa tathA kArya ke abheda para Azrita hokara to vAstavika sattA meM janma - kriyA ke kartA kI siddhi kI hI jAtI hai, una donoM kA yadi bheda bhI svIkAra kareM to bhI usake upapAdana meM kaThinAI nahIM AtI / vAkyapadIya kI agalI kArikA isakA nirdeza karatI hai -tex 'vibhaktayoni yatkAryaM kAraNebhyaH pravartate / svajAtivyaktirUpeNa tasyApi vyavatiSThate // - vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 108 apane kAraNa se pRthak hokara ( 'vibhaktA yoniH kAraNamasyeti vibhaktayoni' ) calane vAlA kArya jaba kAraNoM se utpanna hotA hai to utpatti se pUrva vyaktirUpa meM 1. 'kAraNaM kAryaMbhAvena yathA vA vyavatiSThate / kAryazabdaM tadA labdhvA kAryatvenAtha jAyate' || 2. vahI, 3 / 7 / 107 / - vA0 10 3 / 7 / 106

Page #134
114 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana vikArya kArya bhale hI asat ho kintu jAti ke rUpa meM to avazya hI sat hai, kyoMki jAti nitya hotI | ataH yaha jAti sAdhanoM kA viniyoga karatI hai tathA vyakti ke rUpa meM janma letI hai / yaha satya hai ki jAti svayaM utpatti vinAza ke dharmoM se pRthak hai, tathApi usakA vyaktirUpa to janma grahaNa kara hI sakatA hai| tadanusAra kartA tathA utpanna honevAle padArtha meM koI bheda nahIM - eka jAtirUpa hai to dUsarA vyaktirUpa' / isa prakAra kAraNa tathA kArya ( bIja aura aMkura ) meM bheda kA siddhAnta rakhakara bhI 'aGkuro jAyate' kI vyavasthA kI jA sakatI hai| uparyukta vivecana se jAtiviSayaka nyAya-vaizeSika siddhAnta kI puSTi kI jA sakatI hai ki aMkuratva-jAti, nityarUpa se vartamAna hone ke kAraNa, janma lenevAle ( aMkura vyakti ) padArtha kI utpatti se pUrva kI asattA se sambaddha samasyA kA samAdhAna kara detI hai / aMkuratva-jAti tathA aMkura vyakti eka-dUsare ke pUraka ke rUpa meM rahakara ukta vAkya kI vyavasthA karate haiM / jAti meM janyatA nahIM, kartRtva hai to udhara vyakti meM kartRtva nahIM, janyatA hai / ataH kArya-kAraNa meM bheda rakheM yA abheda - ina donoM hI dazAoM meM aMkura janma kI vyavasthA sambhava hai / bIja aMkura ke rUpa meM vikRti hotA hai ( abheda ) athavA aMkura - kAryaM naye rUpa meM utpanna hotA hai ( bheda ); donoM hI saMgata haiM / dUsare vikalpa meM kArya ko jAti tathA vyakti ke rUpa meM vibhakta kiyA jAtA hai / kArya-kAraNa kA abheda-darzana eka nayI samasyA utpanna kara detA hai / hama Upara bIja ko kartA ke rUpa meM dikhalA cuke haiN| bIja prakRti hai tathA aMkura ke rUpa meM vikRta hotA hai| bIja aura aMkura meM abhedAdhyavasAya karanevAle pakSa meM yaha prazna hotA hai ki kartRtva vAstava meM kisa meM rahatA hai - prakRti ( kAraNa ) meM yA vikRti ( kArya ) meM ? kucha loga kaha sakate haiM ki abheda hone para bhI janma kA kartA kevala kArya hI hai, kAraNa nahIM, kyoMki kAraNa to siddha padArtha hai- pahale hI janma lekara aba taka sattAyukta ho cukA hai / janma ke dvArA svarUpa - lAbha karanevAlA padArtha to kArya ( vikRti- aMkura ) hI hai / isa para bhartRhari nirNaya dete haiM ki jahA~ kAryakAraNa bhAva prakRti tathA vikRti ke rUpa meM ho vahA~ donoM meM paryAya se kartRtva ho sakatA hai, prayoga-bheda avazya hogA 'vikAro janmanaH kartA prakRtirveti saMzaye / bhidyate pratipattRRNAM darzanaM liGgadarzanaiH' // - vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 114 arthAt janma - kriyA kA kartA prakRti hai yA vikRti - aisA saMzaya hone para bodha karane vAle puruSoM ke siddhAnta alaga-alaga hote haiM, kyoMki prayoga-bheda para Azrita hetu bhI alaga-alaga dikhalAyI par3ate haiN| isameM sthiti yaha hai ki prakRti aura vikAra ke bIca sAmAnAdhikaraNya sambandha hai, jaise- ' kSIraM dadhi sampadyate ' / ' bIjamaGkuro jAyate' yaha 1. 'jAtireva vyaktyAtmanA jAyata iti vyavahArAt jAtirUpeNa kartRtvaM vyaktirUpeNa janyatvam - ityatyantaM vyatirekAbhAvAjjAtivyaktyoH sAmAnAdhikaraNyAdupapadyata ityarthaH' / - helArAja 3, pR0 316 1

Page #135
kartR-kAraka 115 prayoga bhI kAraNa aura kArya athavA prakRti-vikRti ke bIca abheda kA pradarzana karatA hai / isalie 'aGkuro jAyate' kA artha yahI hotA hai ki sat kAraNa aMkura ke rUpa meM eka nayA rUpa pAtA hai| yahA~ sandeha kA kAraNa hai-prakRti-vikRti meM paryAya se guNapradhAna bhAva kA honA / yadi prakRti pradhAna hai aura vikRta aMga, to pradhAnabhUta prakRti hI jandhAtu kA kartA hai aura aMgabhUta vikRti pradhAna ke dvArA usa kriyA se sambaddha hogI-isase sAmAnAdhikaraNya sambandha hai| aura yadi tathya isake viparIta ho ( -vikRtipradhAna ho, prakRti aMga ) to vikRti kartA kA kAma kregii| yahAM sAmAnAdhikaraNya hI guNapradhAnabhAva-viSayaka saMzaya kA kAraNa hai| ina donoM meM yadi bheda-nirdeza kiyA jAya ( vyadhikaraNa-sambandha ho ) to nizcaya hI vikRti ko kartA banAyA jAtA hai, jaise'bIjAdaGakuro jAyate' / 'janikartuH prakRtiH' ( pA0 sU0 1 / 4 / 30 ) se prakRti to apAdAna hai, vikAra para hI kartRtva kA bhAra AtA hai| prakRti-vikRti kA paryAya se kartRtva isa prakAra do bhinna pakSa ho jAte haiM-1. vikAra ko kartA mAnanA tathA 2. prakRti ko kartA mAnanA / (1) vikAra ko kartA mAnanevAloM kA yaha Azaya hai ki vastu kA svarUpa-lAbha karanA 'janma' kahalAtA hai ( AtmalAbhasya janmAkhyA ) aura asat padArtha hI AtmarUpa kI prApti karatA hai ( asatA cAtmA labdhavya: ) / ataeva pUrva se asat vikAra ( kArya ) kA janma hotA hai arthAt vaha jani-kriyA kA kartA hai| bhartRhari ne isake samarthana meM do nidarzana diye haiM / pahalA nidarzana 'klapi sampadyamAne caturthI vaktavyA' (pA0 2 / 3 / 13 para vArtika ) isa vArtika meM hai| isakA artha hai -sam + pada-dhAtu ke kartA meM caturthI hotI hai| yahA~ prakRti-vikRtibhAva kI sthiti meM vikAra-vAcaka zabda ko hI caturthI hotI hai / jaise -- 'mUtrAya sampadyate yavAgUH' arthAt 'yavAgUH mUtraM jAyate' ( yadi prathamA meM lAkara samAnAdhikaraNa banAyA jAya ) / prakRti ( yavAgU ) kA kriyA se sAkSAt anvaya na hokara vikAra ( mUtra ) ke dvArA hotA hai| ataH vikAra ko kartA mAnakara ukta vArtika kI saMgati hotI hai| bheda-vivakSA hone para 'janikartuH prakRtiH' se apAdAna-praJcamI ( kArakavibhakti ) hogI-'yavAgvAH mUtraM sampadyate' / caturthI-vibhakti kA avakAza abheda-vivakSA ke kAraNa hotA hai / vikAra ke kartRtva kA dUsarA udAharaNa pataJjali ( bhASya 1 / 1 / 1) ke 'suvarNapiNDaH kuNDale bhavataH' isa prayoga meM mila sakatA hai / suvarNapiNDa prakRti tathA ekavacana hai; kuNDala vikAra tathA dvivacana hai| 'bhavataH' kriyA kA dvivacanatva vikArabhUta kuNDala se anvita hotA hai| spaSTataH vikAra ko kartA mAnA gayA hai / 1. 'klapi sampadyamAne yA caturthI sA vikArataH / suvarNapiNDe prakRtau vacanaM kuNDalAzrayam // -vA0pa0 317115

Page #136
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana (2) prakRti ko kartA mAnanevAloM kI mAnyatA hai ki jo vikAra asat hai vaha AtmalAbha ke lie abhimukha nahIM ho sktaa| hama jAnate haiM ki janma lene kA artha svarUpalAbha ke prati unmukhatA hI hai / ataH usa abhimukhatA ke abhAva meM vikAra jani-kriyA kA kartA nahIM hogaa| svarUpa kI prApti ( janma-grahaNa ) sadavasthApanna prakRti ko hI ho sakatI hai| uttarAvasthA meM sthita apane dUsare rUpa kI prApti ke lie vahI abhimukha bhI ho sakatI hai| pUrvAvasthA aura uttarAvasthA meM tAttvika bheda haieka ko prakRti aura dUsarI ko vikRti ( vikAra ) kahate haiN| ata: vikAra-rUpa ke lAbha ke lie prakRti meM Abhimukhya hone se vahI ( prakRti ) kartA hai / isakA bhI upapAdana kaI udAharaNoM se sambhava hai / sarvaprathama hama pataJjali ke 'atvaM tvaM sampadyate =tvadbhavati' isa vacana ko le sakate haiM / yahA~ ayuSmad-rUpa ( atvaM ) prakRti hai tathA yuSmadartha ( tvaM ) vikAra hai| kriyApada pathamapuruSa meM hone ke kAraNa vikAra se anvita nahIM hai| antataH prakRti-rUpa ( ayuSmadartha ) hI 'sampadyate' kriyA kA kartA hai| kabhI-kabhI eka hI udAharaNa kI vibhinna vRttiyoM ( forms ) meM kabhI prakRti ko to kabhI vikAra ko kartA ke rUpa meM nirzita kiyA jAtA hai / jaba vipratyaya kA artha-pradarzana karane ke lie vAkya banAte haiM taba vikAra kA kartRtva hotA hai'asaGgho brAhmaNAH saGgho bhavati' / yahA~ 'saMgha' meM vidyamAna ekavacana ke AdhAra para 'bhavati' kriyA prayukta huI hai / brAhmaNa prakRti hai tathA saMgha vikRti, kyoMki brAhmaNoM se hI saMgha banegA / tadanusAra vikRti-rUpa saMgha bhavati' kA kartA hai / punaH uparyukta vAkya ko badala kara vi-pratyayayukta prayoga dikhalAyA jAtA hai ----'saGghIbhavanti brAhmaNAH', taba prakRtibhUta brAhmaNa se bahuvacanAtmaka kriyA kA anvaya hotA hai aura brAhmaNa kartA rahatA hai / isa prakAra vRttibheda se prakRti tathA vikAra donoM meM paryAya se kartRtva dekhA jAtA hai / yaha vivakSA kI vicitra rIti hai| prakRti tathA vikRti donoM ke kartRtva kI siddhi ke lie bhartRhari ko janma-kriyA kA vizleSaNa karanA par3atA hai 'pUrvAmavasthAmajahat saMspRzandharmamuttarama / sammUcchita ivArthAtmA jAyamAno'bhidhIyate' // -vA0 50 3 / 7 / 118 yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki bauddhika sattA ( vivakSA ) ke saMsAra meM bhI sarvathA apUrva vastu hI utpanna hotI hai / isake viparIta tathya yaha hai ki pUrva meM sthita kAraNAvasthA kA sarvathA parityAga kiye binA hI janma hotA hai---isase prakRti ke kartRtva kI puSTi hotI hai / isI prakAra uttarAvasthA-vizeSa kA saMsparza ( grahaNa ) karate hue padArtha 1. pA0 sU0 1 / 4 / 108 para bhASya / 2. draSTavya-vA0pa0 3 / 7 / 117 tathA usa para helArAja / 3. 'vAkye sampadyate kartA sakhaH cvyantasya kamyate / to sapIbhavantIti brAhmaNAnAM svatantratA' // -bA0pa07119

Page #137
kartR-kAraka 117 janma letA hai arthAt vikAra kA bhI kartRtva samarthita hai| pUrva aura uttara avasthAe~ vastu kI vibhinna upAdhiyA~ haiM / unase avacchinna hone para eka hI vastu pUrvAvasthA se sAmaMjasya rakhakara uttarAvasthA ko prApta karane ke lie jaba unmukha hotI hai taba kahate haiM-jAyate / isa prakAra prakRti tathA vikAra kI samAnAdhikaraNatA tathA kartRtva kI bhI siddhi ho jAtI hai| kintu isakA yaha artha kadApi nahIM ki sarvatra donoM ( prakRti tathA vikAra ) ko eka hI sAtha kartRtva hogaa| yaha satya hai ki uparyukta vivecana se hama prakRti tathA vikRti meM abheda-darzana karate haiM tathA jan-dhAtu ke sAtha donoM kA anvaya ho sakatA hai, kintu kartapratyaya kI utpatti meM kahIM to kevala vikRti vyApArayukta hotI hai to kahIM kevala prakRti hii| savyApAra hone para hI kisI padArtha ko kartRtvazakti milatI hai, taTastha hone para nhiiN| padArthoM kI aneka zaktiyoM meM koI zakti kahIM uddhRta hotI hai to koI khiiN| zakti ke isI udbhava ke kAraNa padArtha savyApAra kahalAtA hai| ve bhinna zaktiyA~ kahIM para saMsarga bhI prApta karatI haiM, jisase kartRtva kA AdhAna hotA hai / yadi prakRti meM zakti-saMsarga huA to vahI kartA hogI; yadi vikAra meM aisA huA to vikAra kartA hogaa| donoM meM eka hI sAtha zakti-saMsarga honA sambhava nahIMparyAya se hI aisA ho sakatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki donoM meM savyApAratva kI samAna sambhAvanA rahane para bhI eka meM sAkSAt prakarSa rahatA hai, jisase vaha adhika vyApArayukta kahalAtA hai aura dUsarA gauNa yA aprakRSTa vyApArayukta hI raha jAtA hai / jo bhI ho, prakRti aura vikAra kA kartRtva sambhava hai, kintu paryAya se, yugapat nahIM; yahI vaiyAkaraNa siddhAnta hai| __ helArAja isa samasta vivecana ko AnuSaMgika kahate haiM, kyoMki yaha kartA ke svAtantrya ke mukhya prazna se pRthaka haTakara acetana ko kartA ke rUpa meM grahaNa karane se sambaddha hai / isa prazna ke atirikta bhartRhari pataJjali dvArA vivecita 'prayojya ke kartRtva' para bhI vicAra karate haiM / unheM bhI yaha AzaMkA hai ki prayojaka ke adhIna prayojya kI pravRtti ( vyApAra ) rahane se usakI svataMtratA kI kSati hotI hai| isa viSaya meM bhartRhari kA kathana hai ki jaba prayojya kriyA meM pravRtta nahIM hotA dikhalAyI de taba yaha anumAna karanA par3atA hai ki usameM kriyA kI sAmarthya hai-isI anumAna yA kriyAsiddhi kI sambhAvanA ke phalasvarUpa use svataMtra ( kartA ) ke rUpa meM prayukta kiyA jAtA hai / yadi aisA na mAneM to prayoga karanA nirarthaka hogA, kyoMki kisI 1. draSTavya helArAja, 3 / 7 / 2 para-'anekazakterapi padArthasya sadeva tathAvasthAne'pi kAcicchaktiH kvacidudbhutA vivakSyate' / -pR0 232 2. 'savyApArataraH kazcit kvacid dharmaH pratIyate / saMsRjyante ca bhAvAnAM bhedavatyo'pi zaktayaH // -vA0 50 3 / 7 / 119 3. 'yastAvadapravRttakriyaH prayojyaH so'numitakriyAsAmarthya eva prayujyate' / / -helArAja 3, pR0 323

Page #138
118 saMskRta - vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana asamartha padArtha ko koI buddhimAn kAma meM lagA hI nahIM sakatA / isa prakAra prayojya meM nihita ( bhale tatkAla vaha pravRtta nahIM ho ) zakti kA nizcaya karake hI prayojaka use kArya niyukta karatA hai, ataeva vaha prayojya niyukti ke bAda tAtkAlika AtmasAdhya kriyA kI siddhi ke lie anya apekSita sAdhanoM kA viniyoga karake svayaM prayojaka bana jAtA hai arthAt svAtantrya kA upabhoga karatA hai / udAsIna, AlasI yA asamartha vyakti ko kartA nahIM banAyA jA sakatA, ataH jisameM svAtaMtrya kI sambhAvanA ho vahI prayojya ho sakatA hai / isa para Apatti ho sakatI hai ki jaba prayojya kartA prayojaka ho sakatA hai taba apane vyApAra meM svataMtra rUpa se vivakSita karaNAdi ko prayojita karane ke phalasvarUpa prayojya kartA kI bhI hetusaMjJA ho jAyagI / tadanusAra 'gRhastha : sUpakAreNa ( prayojya ) pAcayati' ke sAdRzya para 'sUpakAraH ( prayojya > prayojaka ) sthAlyA ( adhikaraNa > vivakSA se kartA > prayojya ) pAcayati' kA aniSTa prayoga hone lagegA / ataeva pUrvapakSI kahate haiM ki 'tatprayojako hetuzca' sUtra meM hetu saMjJA ke dvArA karaNAdi ke prayojaka ( jo vastutaH prayojya kartA hai ) hetusaMjJA vArita samajhanI cAhie / isake uttara meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki karaNAdi apane vyApAra meM svataMtra rahane para bhI pradhAna vyApAra meM parataMtra hI rahate haiM / ataeva unheM mukhya rUpa se kartRsaMjJA nahIM hotI / pradhAna kartA ke vyApAra se ve abhibhUta rahate haiM, jisase unakI svataMtratA prakRSTa nahIM hotI / dhyAtavya hai ki prakRSTa svAtaMtrya se yukta padArtha ko hI mukhya kartRtva hotA hai / niSkarSataH karaNAdi kartA hone para bhI preSita nahIM kiye jA sakate arthAt ve prayojya nahIM hote / dUsarI ora, prayojya kartA prayojaka ke dvArA preSita hotA hai tathA dUsare sAdhanoM kA kriyAsiddhi ke lie viniyoga karane ke kAraNa prakRSTa svAtaMtrya nahIM chor3atA / isIlie vaha kartA hai / tadanusAra hama niSkarSa nikAlate haiM ki ( 1 ) mukhya kartA hI prayojya ho sakatA hai / karaNAdi yadi kartA ke rUpa meM vivakSita ho bhI jAya to prakRSTa svAtaMtrya ke abhAva meM prayojya nahIM hote / ( 2 ) prakRSTa svAtaMtrya dhAraNa karane vAle kartA ko preSita karane vAlA hI prayojaka kartA hotA hai, jise hetu bhI kahate haiM / hetu ( prayojaka ) kA vicAra kartA ke vicAra ke prasaMga meM ukta 'hetu' kA bahuta mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / vAkyapadIya meM bhI isIlie kartRnirUpaNa ke anantara cAra kArikAoM meM hetu kA vivecana hai ( 3 / 7 / 125-8 ) / bhartRhari ne hetusaMjJA kA lakSaNa prathama kArikA meM hI diyA hai-- 1. 'sambhAvanAt kriyAsiddhI kartRtvena samAzritaH / kriyAyAmAtmasAdhyAyAM sAdhanAnAM prayojakaH ' // 2. 'tasmAtsvatantrasya prayojaka iti karaNAdiprayojakasya nIyam' / - vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 122 hetusaMjJAvyudAse prayata - helArAja 3, pR0 324

Page #139
kartR-kAraka 'preSaNAdhyeSaNe kuvaMstatsamarthAni cAcaran / kartava vihitAM zAstre hetusaMjJAM prapadyate ' // / kisI ko Adeza dekara kArya meM pravRtta karanA 'preSaNa' kahalAtA hai / Adeza sadA utkRSTa vyakti apakRSTa ko detA hai / dUsarI ora, jaba koI apakRSTa vyakti apane se bar3e yA abhyarhitako kArya meM vyApArita kare to ise 'adhyeSaNa' ( Agraha ) kahate haiM / jaba kartA ukta donoM meM se kisI eka vyApAra meM lagA ho tathA prayojya vyakti ( utkRSTa yA apakRSTa ) kI kriyA ke sampAdana ke anukUla AcaraNa bhI kara rahA ho to use zAstravihita hetusaMjJA hotI hai / prayojaka kA yahI mukhya vyApAra hai ki vaha prayojya kI kriyAsiddhi ke anukUla vAtAvaraNa prastuta karatA hai / yadyapi hetusaMjJA ke isa lakSaNa ke prathama aMza se hI lakSaNa kI pUrti ho jAtI hai tathApi 'tatsamarthAni cAcaran ' ( prayojya kI kriyAsiddhi ke anukUla ceSTAe~ karate hue ) -- itanA aMza isalie adhika rakhA gayA hai ki acetana bhikSAdi padArthoM ko bhI hetusaMjJA ho sake, jisase 'bhikSA vAsayati' ( bhikSA kI sulabhatA use vahA~ rahane kI preraNA detI hai ), 'pustakamAsayati' ( pustaka use vahA~ biThAye hue hai ) ityAdi prayogoM kA samarthana ho / isa viSaya meM kAtyAyana 'hetumati ca' ( pA0 3 / 1 / 26 ) sUtra ke vArtika meM hetuko nimitta kA paryAya mAnate haiM, kyoMki bhikSA, pustaka Adi hetu saMjJaka zabda vAstava meM nimitta haiM - ' hetu nirdezazca nimittamAtraM, bhikSAdiSu darzanAt' / inameM nivAsAdi kI anukUlatA ke rUpa meM abhiprAya Aropita hotA hai, ataH bhikSAdi kI prayojakatA niHsandigdha hai| helArAja batalAte haiM ki jaise kisI ke abhiprAya kA anuvidhAna karane vAlA prayojya hai, usI prakAra usa abhiprAya kA prakAzana karane vAlA prayojaka hotA hai / ataH samarthAcaraNa karanA sarvatra prayojaka kA mukhya vyApAra haiyaha siddha huA / 119 hetu zabda pANini-taMtra meM do arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai - eka to uparyukta prayojaka ko hetu kahate haiM, jisa artha meM yaha kAraka hai / dUsarA laukika hetu kAraNa ke artha meM AtA hai / phala-sAdhana ke yogya padArtha ko yaha laukika hetu kahate haiM jo dravyAdi ke viSaya meM hI hotA hai; anivAryatayA kriyA ke hI viSaya meM nahIM / isIlie yaha kAraka nahIM hai / isakA vizada vicAra hama karaNa kAraka ke sAtha isakA bheda dikhalAte hue kareMge / suvidhA ke lie ina donoM hetuoM ko kramazaH hama pAribhASika ( prayojaka hetu, kAraka ) tathA laukika ( kAraNArthaka, akAraka ) hetu kahate haiM / pANini ke sUtroM meM yathAsthAna ina donoM arthoM meM hetu kA prayoga huA hai, jisakI vizeSa pratipatti vyAkhyAna ke dvArA hI kI jA sakatI hai / udAharaNArtha 'hetumati ca' ( 3 / 1 / 26 ), 'bhiyo hetubhaye Suk' ( 7 / 3 / 40 ) ityAdi meM pAribhASika hetu kA grahaNa hai / jaisedevadattaH kArayati, muNDo bhISayate / yahA~ devadatta tathA muNDa hetukartA haiM / dvitIya sUtra 1. 'ayameva ca mukhyaH prayojakavyApAro yatprayojyakriyAsampattisamarthAcaraNam' / - helArAja 3, pR0 326

Page #140
120 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana meM jahA~ hetukartA se bhaya kA artha na ho vahA~ Suk kA Agama nahIM hotA - 'kuJcikayA enaM bhAyayati' / kuMjI DarAne kA sAdhana hai, prayojaka hetu nahIM" / tRtIyA vibhakti ke vidhAna meM eka sUtra AyA hai - 'hetI' ( 2 / 3 / 23 ) / yahA~ laukika hetu kA grahaNa hai, kyoMki prayojaka arthavAlA hetu lene para to kartRtva ke hI kAraNa tRtIyA kI siddhi ho jAyegI aura sUtra vyartha hogA / udAharaNa haiM- dhanena kulam, kanyayA zokaH, vidyayA yazaH / dhanAdi laukika hetu haiM / kintu usake bAda ke sUtra 'akartaryaNe paJcamI' ( 2 / 3 / 24 ) meM hetu kI anuvRtti hone para laukika hetu kA grahaNa karake bhI pAribhASika prayojaka hetu kA paryudAsa kiyA jAtA hai-- kartRvarjita RNarUpa hetu se paJcamI vibhakti hotI hai / yathA - zatAd baddhaH / kartRrUpa hetu hone se 'zatena bandhitaH ' hogA / isI se jayAditya kahate haiM - ' zatamRNaM ca bhavati, prayojakatvAcca kartRsaMjJakam' / 'lakSaNahetvoH kriyAyA:' ( pA0 3 / 2 / 126 ) meM laukika hetu hai, kyoMki yahA~ hetu dhAtvartha kA vizeSaNa hai / lakSaNa tathA hetu ke artha meM vartamAna dhAtu se laT ke sthAna meM zatR-zAnac pratyaya hote haiM, yadi ye lakSaNa hetu kriyA-viSayaka hoM / lakSaNa - 'zayAnA bhuJjate yavanAH ' / hetu - 'arjayan vasati / nivAsa kA hetu hai -- dravyArjana, jo kriyA-viSayaka hai / yadi yahA~ prayojaka hetu liyA jAya to vaha dhAtvarthaM kA vizeSaNa ( viSaya ) nahIM bana sakatA, kyoMki vaha to sadaiva kriyA se yukta rahatA hai, kabhI vyabhicarita nahIM hotA / kintu vizeSaNa kI sArthakatA sambhava tathA vyabhicAra se hotI hai / yadi laukika hetu kA grahaNa kiyA jAya ( jo dravya, guNa tathA kriyA tInoM ke viSaya meM hotA hai ) tabhI sambhava tathA vyabhicAra kI pUrti sambhava hai / isI prakAra 'hetuhetumatoliGa ( 3 / 3 / 156), 'kRJo hetutAcchIlyAnulomyeSu' ( 3 / 3 / 20 ) ityAdi meM bhI laukika hetu kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai / prayojaka tathA prayojya ke sambandha ko lekara eka AzaMkA uThAyI jA sakatI hai / saba kucha rahane para bhI prayojya ko prayojaka apane preSaNa tathA adhyeSaNa vyApAra se vyApta karatA hai / isa prakAra ApyamAna hone se prayojya kI karmasaMjJA kA prasaMga ho jAtA hai / kucha sthitiyoM meM prayojya ko karmasaMjJA ho bhI jAtI hai, jise pANini ne 'gatibuddhi 0 ' (1 / 4 / 52 ) sUtra meM samAviSTa kiyA hai / zaMkA karane vAle kA tAtparya yaha 1. 'nAtra hetu: prayojako bhayakAraNaM, kiM tarhi ? kuvikA' | 2. vahI, pR0 116 | 3. ajJAta srota kI eka prasiddha ukti -- kAzikA, pR0 662 'sambhavavyabhicArAbhyAM syAd vizeSaNamarthavat / hi zItena coSNena vahniH kvApi viziSyate ' //

Page #141
kartR-kAraka 121 hai ki kevala unhIM sthitiyoM meM nahIM, apitu sabhI prayojyoM ko karmasaMjJA ho jaaygii| isakA samAdhAna bhartRhari kI isa kArikA meM dekhA jA sakatA hai 'guNakriyAyAM svAtantryAtpreSaNe karmatAM gataH / niyamAtkarmasaMjJAyAH svadharmeNAbhidhIyate' // -vA0 50 3 / 7 / 127 prayojaka ke preSaNa-vyApAra meM parAdhIna hone para bhI prayojya apane vyApAra meM svataMtra hI rahatA hai / na to prayojya apanI svataMtratA kA parityAga karatA hai aura na prayojaka hI usakI svataMtratA kA khaMDana karatA hai / yadi aisI bAta nahIM hotI to prayojya ke kAma na karane kI sthiti meM kArayati' prayoga nahIM hotaa| hama isa viSaya meM pataMjali kA vivecana dekha cuke haiM / ata: sAmAnyatayA svataMtra hone ke kAraNa prayojya ko kartRsaMjJA hotI hai tathA tadanukUla 'kartRkaraNayostRtIyA' (pA0 sU0 2 / 3 / 18 ) se anabhihita kartRtva ke kAraNa tRtIyA-vibhakti hotI hai - pAcayatyanna bttunaa| yaha ThIka hai ki 'gatibuddhi0 Adi sUtra tathA usake antargata Ane vAle vArtikoM se paristhitivizeSa meM karmasaMjJA niyamita hotI hai / kintu yaha kahanA ki sabhI prayojya preSaNAdi vyApAra se ApyamAna hone ke kAraNa karmasaMjJaka hai, bilakula anargala kathana hai / isI se bhartRhari ne kArikA meM kahA hai ki ina sthitiyoM meM karmasaMjJA kA niyama-vizeSa hone ke kAraNa sAmAnyatayA ( gatyAdi dhAtuoM se anyatra ) prayojya ko apane dharma arthAt kartR saMjJA ke hI rUpa meM nirdiSTa kiyA jAtA hai| isa sthAna para helArAja bhI eka prazna uThAte haiM ki preSaNavyApAra hone para bhI jaba prayojya kI svataMtratA kI nivRtti nahIM hotI taba sarvatra kartRsaMjJA hI paratva ke kAraNa honI cAhie / 'gatibuddhi0' Adi sUtra kA niyama kyoM kiyA jAtA hai ? yadi kartRsaMjJA ke prasaMga meM karmasaMjJA kA Arambha karate haiM to yaha niyama nahIM apitu vidhi hai, kyoMki karmasaMjJA kI Atyantika aprApti hai, pAkSika prApti nahIM / isakA uttara yaha hai ki vyAkaraNa-zAstra meM gauNa tathA pradhAna kriyAoM ke viSaya meM gauNa tathA pradhAna zaktiyAM hotI haiM, jinameM pradhAna zakti hI apane kArya kA prayoga karatI hai, gauNa zakti nahIM / aba hameM yahAM nirNaya karanA hai ki kauna-sA vyApAra pradhAna hai ? prayojya kA vyApAra to dhAtu se vAcya hotA hai tathA Nijartha kA vizeSaNa bhI hai, isalie vaha apradhAna hai| dUsarI ora, prayojaka kA vyApAra Nic pratyaya se vAcya hone ke kAraNa pradhAna hai / prakRtyartha ( dhAtvartha ) se avacchinna hone ke kAraNa pratyayArtha sadA pradhAna hotA hai / kintu isake sAtha yaha bhI tathya hai ki prakRti aura pratyaya donoM milakara pratyayArtha kA kathana karate haiM / ataeva prayojaka ke pratyayArtha vAcya vyApAra kI pradhAnatA hone ke kAraNa usakI apekSA rakhate hue karmazakti hI kArya taka pahu~cAtI hai, apradhAna 1. 'iha prayojyasya preSaNAdhyeSaNAdinA sarvasya prayojakavyApAreNApyamAnatvAt karmasaMjJAprasaGgaH ityAzakyAha' / -helArAja, pR0 330 2. 'vidhiratyantamaprApte niyamaH pAkSike sti'| -arthasaMgraha, pR0 54

Page #142
122 saMskRta-gyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana prayojya-vyApAra se sambaddha kartRzakti nhiiN| udAharaNArtha odana viklitti meM svataMtra hone para bhI kartR saMjJA prApta nahIM karatA pratyuta vikledana karanA devadatta kA vyApAra hai, jisake dvArA Ipsitatama hone ke kAraNa karmasaMjJA hotI hai-pAcayatyodanam / / aisA hone para kartA aura karma donoM saMjJAoM kI yugapat prApti nahIM ho sakatI aura isIlie vipratiSedha-paribhASA bhI nahIM laga sakatI hai| phalataH kartRsaMjJA kI aprApti hone se yaha acchI taraha siddha ho jAtA hai ki gatyAdi ke viSaya meM bhI karmasaMjJA hotI hai / ataeva 'gatibuddhi0' sUtra niyama karane ke hI lie upakrAnta huA hai, kyoMki ukta prakAra se isakI pAkSika prApti to hai hii| pac-Adi dhAtuoM ke viSaya meM niyamapUrvaka pradhAnakArya kA prasAraNa hotA hai, jisake anantara gauNakriyA svataMtratArUpa svakArya kA kartRsaMjJA ke rUpa meM nirdvandva pravartana karatI hai / isa pUre vivecana kA sArAMza yaha hai ki gatyAdi dhAtuoM ke viSaya meM prayojaka vyApAra kI pradhAnatA hone se prayojya Ipsitatama ho jAtA hai, jaba ki anya dhAtuoM ke viSaya meM ukta niyAmaka sUtra ke abhAva meM prayojya kartRsaMjJaka hI rahatA hai / vAstava meM prayojya kI vibhakti prayoga para nirbhara karatI hai, karmatva-kartRtva-vivecana se koI nizcita sUtra patA nahIM lgtaa| bhartRhari aba aMtima zaMkA rakhate haiM ki jaba prayojaka ko hetu kahate haiM to phalarUpa karma ko bhI kriyA ke prati prayojaka kyoM nahIM kahA jAya ? aura isIlie vaha bhI hetusaMjJA kA adhikArI kyoM nahIM mAnA jAya ? yahA~ samAdhAna ke lie karma aura hetu kA spaSTa bheda samajha lenA caahie| karma jahA~ kriyA kA preraka hai vahA~ hetu kartA kA prayojaka hai| nirvRtti, vikAra tathA pratipatti ke dvArA kramazaH nirvayaM, vikArya aura prApya ke rUpa meM trividha karmoM kA sampAdana karane ke kAraNa kriyAphalAtmaka karma apanI sthiti kI vyavasthA ke lie kriyA ko prerita karatA hai / dUsarI ora, hetu kriyArthI hote hue bhI sAdhanoM kA viniyoga karane ke samaya sAkSAt kriyA ko nahIM, pratyuta kartA ko prerita karatA hai / aba usake samarthana meM kartA kI pravRtti Arambha hotI hai| isase spaSTa hai ki hetu tathA karma ke viSaya-kSetra pRthaka haiM / utpatti-prabhRti upakAroM ke kAraNa kriyA kI pravRtti karmArtha hotI hai, ataH karma ko kriyA kA prayojaka kahA gayA hai / yaha laukika vyavahAra hai ki jo jisake lie hotA hai vaha usakA prayojaka kahalAtA hai ( 'yaddhi yadarthaM tattasya prayojakam'--helArAja ), kyoMki usI ke uddezya se usakI pravRtti hotI hai| dUsare kAraka kriyA ke nimitta pravRtta hote haiM, na ki kriyA unake nimitta pravRtta hotI hai| isalie ve usake ( kriyA ke ) prayojaka nahIM kahe jA sakate / karma-kAraka usakA prayojaka avazya hai| 1. draSTavya-helArAja 3, pR0 330-1 / 2. 'kriyAyAH prerakaM karma hetuH kartuH prayojakaH / karmArthA ca kriyotpattiH sNskaarprtipttibhiH|| -vA0pa0 3 / 7 / 128

Page #143
kartR-kAraka 123 navyanyAya meM kartR-vicAra trimuni tathA bhartRhari meM kartRtva kA vivecana itanA vyApaka hai ki paravartI granthakAroM ke samakSa kartRtva-darzana meM kucha navyatA kA pradarzana karanA asambhava nahIM to kaThina avazya ho gayA hai / tathApi abhinava zabdAvalI ke prayoga dvArA adRSTapUrva rIti se kartatva kA vicAra navyanyAya tathA usase prabhAvita vyAkaraNagranthoM meM bhI dikhalAyI par3atA hai| prAcIna tathA navyanyAya ke saMkramaNa-kAla meM nimnalikhita lakSaNa naiyAyikoM ke bIca bahuta pracalita jAna par3atA hai-'kartRtvaM cetarakArakAprayojyatve sati sakalakArakaprayoktRtvalakSaNaM jnyaancikiirssaaprytnaadhaartvm''| tadanusAra kartA vaha hai jo karmakaraNAdi dUsare kArakoM se prayojita nahIM ho pratyuta sabhI kArakoM ko svayaM prayojita kare / isake sAtha-sAtha vaha jJAna, icchA tathA prayatna kA AdhAra bhI hotA hai arthAt ye tInoM kartA meM nihita hote haiM / isa lakSaNa meM do bhAga haiM / prathama bhAga kartA tathA kArakAntara ke sambandha kA nirdhAraNa karatA hai, to dvitIya bhAga kartA kI svarUpa-niSTha vizeSatA kA nirUpaka hai| isa lakSaNa kA prathama bhAga vyAkaraNa-darzana meM mukhyataH pataMjali tathA bhartahari ke vicAroM kA saMkSipta rUpa hai, kyoMki sabhI sAdhanoM ke vidyamAna rahane para kartA svatantratApUrvaka sabakA 'pravartayitA' hai, yaha siddhAnta pataMjali bahuta pahale hI rakha cuke the| bhartahari bhI kartA kI svatantratA ke kAraNoM kA ullekha karate hue yaha dikhalA cuke haiM ki sabhI sAdhanoM ke Agamana ke pUrva kartA kA vyApAra Arambha ho jAtA hai / tadanusAra yaha kahane meM koI navInatA nahIM ki dUsare kAraka kartA ko prayojita nahIM kara skte| ataeva yaha lakSaNAMza nyUnAdhika rUpa meM prAcIna vaiyAkaraNa mata kA hI AMzika rUpAntara hai / bhavAnanda apane kArakacakra meM isa lakSaNa kA ullekha matAntara ke rUpa meM karate haiM jisakA nirasana karanA ve anivArya samajhate haiN| yahA~ pUrvapakSI kA kathya hai ki yadi kevala 'kArakAntaraprayojakatva' ke rUpa meM kartRlakSaNa kiyA jAtA to ativyApti ho jaatii| 'devadattaH kuThAreNa vRkSaM chinatti' isa vAkya meM kuThAra ko bhI kartRtvApatti hotI hai, kyoMki kuThAra se bhinna vRkSarUpa karma-kAraka ( kArakAntara ) hai, jisase janya chedanAtmaka kArya ke anukUla jo vRkSa-kuThAra-saMyogavyApAra hai use kuThAra hI prayojita karatA hai-ataH kuThAra kartA ho jAyagA aura ativyApti-doSa utpanna hogaa| isalie ukta doSa ke nirasanArtha 'kArakAntarAprayojyatve sati' yaha vizeSaNa lamAyA gayA 1. sarvadarzanasaMgraha, akSapAda-darzana, pR0 506 / / 2. "yattu 'kArakAntarAprayojyatve sati kArakAntaraprayojakatvaM kartRtvam' iti / ... tadapyasat / IzvaraprayojyAnAM saMsAriNAM tattatkriyAsvakartRtApatteH" / -kArakacakra, pR0 13

Page #144
124 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana hai| cUMki kuThAra devadatta-rUpa kArakAntara se prayojya hai ataH usake kartRtva kA prasaMga nahIM hogaa| pUrvapakSI isa prakAra uparyukta lakSaNa kI saMgati baiThAtA hai| kintu bhavAnanda ko isa vizeSaNa ke sAmarthya para Apatti hai| jitane saMsArI prANI kartA ke rUpa meM vivakSita hote haiM unheM Izvara hI vibhinna kriyAoM meM prayojita karatA hai| uparyukta udAharaNa meM devadatta ( kartA ) bhI kArakAntara ( Izvara ) se prayojya hai, ataH use bhI kartA nahIM kaha sakate; kyoMki lakSaNAnusAra to kartA ko kArakAntara se aprayojya rahanA caahie| bhavAnanda pUrvapakSa kI ora se 'aprayojya' kA pariSkAra karate haiM ki phala ke anukUla, kArakAntara ke rUpa meM lakSita padArtha se utpanna honevAle vyApAra kA Azraya na honA hI aprayojyatA hai, taba to kumbhakAra bhI kartA nahIM ho sktaa| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki daNDAdi kumbhakAra se bhinna hone ke kAraNa kArakAntara hai, usase utpanna hone vAle saMyogAdirUpa vyApAra kA Azraya cakrAdi hai, kumbhakAra nahIM / ataH vyApAra kA anAzraya kumbhakAra aprayojya arthAt akartA hai| aprayojya kA isake atirikta koI dUsarA artha sambhava nahIM dIkhatA, isalie uparyukta kartRlakSaNa anupapanna hai / nAgezabhaTTa bhI paramalaghumaMjUSA meM isa lakSaNAMza kA uddharaNa dekara khaNDana karate haiM, kintu unakI khaNDana-vidhi dUsare siddhAnta para Azrita hai| vaiyAkaraNa-mata meM karaNAdi acetana padArthoM ko bhI vivakSA se mukhya kartRsaMjJA hotI hai / yadi kartA ke ukta lakSaNa ko svIkAra kara leM to 'sthAlI pacati' 'asizchinatti' ityAdi vAkyoM meM sthAlI prabhRti ko kartasaMjJA nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki acetana hone ke kAraNa sthAlI dUsare kArakoM ko prayojita nahIM kara sakatI hai aura dUsarI ora, kArakAntara ( caitrAdi mukhya kartA ) se prayojya bhI hai / jahAM taka lakSaNa ke dUsare bhAga kA prazna hai to hama dekhate haiM ki jJAna, icchA aura prayatna kA AdhAra honA navyanyAya meM hI nahIM, darzana ke sabhI sampradAyoM meM kartA kA mAnya lakSaNa hai| isI ke bala para Izvara yA usa prakAra kI kisI cetanazakti ke dvArA jagat ke nirmANa kI bhI upapatti kI gayI hai| dharmarAjAdhvarIndra ne vedAntaparibhASA meM brahma ke jagajjanmAdikAraNatva-rUpa taTastha lakSaNa kA nirUpaNa karate hue 'kAraNa' kA artha 'kartA' kiyA hai tathA isase avidyAdi jar3a-samUha kI kAraNatA kI vyAvRtti hone kI bAta kahI hai| isI prasaMga meM kartRtva kA lakSaNa huA hai-'tattadupAdAnagocarAparokSajJAnacikIrSAkRtimattvam' (vibhinna utpAdya vastuoM ke upAdAna kAraNoM se sambaddha sAkSAt jJAna, unheM utpanna karane kI icchA tathA tadviSayaka kRti yA prayatna dhAraNa karanA kartRtva hai )2 / yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki ina lakSaNoM se sampanna brahma Izvara 1. 50 la0 ma0, pR0 170 / 2. ve0 pa0, pR0 152 /

Page #145
kartR-kAraka 125 kahalAtA hai / jJAna, icchA tathA kRti se yukta Izvara kI sattA ke pramANa upaniSadvAkyoM meM dikhalAye gaye haiN| navyanyAya meM jJAna, icchA tathA prayatna ko samanvita karake kRti yA prayatna ke rUpa meM saMkSipta kiyA gayA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki ye tInoM 'hetupanibandhana samudAya' haiM -jJAna se icchA utpanna hotI hai aura icchA se kRti / niSedha-mukha se bhI ise samajhA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki kisI viSaya kI icchA taba taka utpanna nahIM hotI jaba taka usakA jJAna na ho aura jaba taka icchA nahIM hotI taba taka usake prati prayatna bhI upapanna nahIM hotaa| ina tInoM meM antima sthiti prayatna kI hai, jise naiyAyika loga 'kRti' bhI kahate haiN| isa kRti meM hI anya donoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai, ataH ise AdhAra mAnakara nyAya meM kartA ke lakSaNa kA pravartana huA hai| bhavAnanda ___ isI AdhAra para bhavAnanda ne kArakacakra meM kartA kA lakSaNa diyA hai--'anukUlakRtimattvaM kartRtvam' arthAt kriyA ke anukUla kRti ko dhAraNa karane vAlA kartA hai| alaga-alaga kriyAoM ke anukUla kRti bhI alaga-alaga hotI hai| tadanusAra una-una kriyAoM ke kartRtva kA upapAdana hotA hai| isa lakSaNa ke samarthana meM bhavAnanda karta zabda kA nirvacana karate hue yogArthatvasAdhana karate haiM ki kRta tathA akRta ke vibhAga dvArA kR-dhAtu kI yatnArthakatA siddha hotI hai| spaSTIkaraNa yaha hai ki odana-pAka ke sAtha-sAtha yadi avicchedyatayA dvidala kA pAka bhI ho rahA ho to hama kahate haiM ki dvidala kA pAka to apane Apa ho gayA, maiMne nahIM kiyA ( na mayA kRtaH ) / odanapAka meM kRti lagI hai, ataH kahate haiM ki maiMne odana kA pAka kiyA hai (kRtaH ), dvidala kA nhiiN| ataeva yatna hone para kRta aura nahIM hone para akRta -aisA vibhAga kiyA jAtA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki kR-dhAtu kA prayoga prayatna ke hI artha meM hotA hai| dUsarI ora tRc-pratyaya AzrayArthaka hai| isa prakAra kartA yatnAzraya kA paryAya hai| yatna kI AzrayatA kevala cetana meM hI hotI hai, ataH mukhya kartRtva cetana meM tathA kASThAdi acetana meM gauNa yA lAkSaNika kartRtva mAnane kI prathA pUre nyAyazAstra meM hai| 1. jJAnasattA---'yaH sarvajJaH sarvavit' / -muNDa0 1 / 1 / 9 icchAsattA-- 'so'kAmayata bahu syAM/prajAyeya' / -taitti0 2 / 6 kRtisttaa--'tnmno'kurut'| -bRha. 1 / 2 / 1 2. (ka) 'phalecchAM prati phalajJAnamAtraM kAraNam / sukhajJAnenaiva sukhecchA utpdyte'| -nyA0 si0 mu0 ( 147 kArikA ) kI vRtti / (kha) 'AtmajanyA bhavedicchA icchAjanyA bhavetkRtiH / ___ kRtijanyA bhavecceSTA ceSTAjanyA bhavekriyA' // -nyA. ko, pR0 137 para upapta / 10 saM0

Page #146
126 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana uparyukta sthiti meM jahA~ anya-viSayaka ( jaise odana-pAka se sambaddha ) kRti se nAntarIyaka ( avicchedya ) rUpa se dvidalapAkAdi sampanna hote haiM vahA~ dvidalapAkAdi ke viSaya meM mukhya kartRtva kI vyavasthA nahIM ho pAtI hai, kyoMki kartA to odanapAka ke anukUla kRti ( yatna ) kara rahA hai, dvidala-pAka apane Apa ho rahA hai / ise bhI gatArtha karane ke lie 'sAdhyatva se abhinna viSayatva' vizeSaNa kA niveza uparyukta lakSaNa meM karane kA parAmarza lakSaNakAra dete haiN| tadanusAra jisa prakAra odanapAka kRtisAdhya hai usI prakAra usa pAka se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa dvidalapAka bhI kRtisAdhya hI hai| piSTaka-bhojana karanevAlA vyakti na kevala piSTaka hI khAtA hai pratyuta usake andara bhare gaye gur3a, dAla yA anya padArthoM ko bhI khA hI jAtA hai, kyoMki andara bharA gayA padArtha piSTaka se sambaddha hai| eka kI kRtisAdhyatA dUsare sambaddha padArtha kI kRtisAdhyatA utpanna karatI hai / yadi sAdhyatA ke rUpa meM viSayatA nahIM mAneM to 'bhojanaM karoti' ke samAna 'sukhaM karoti' kA prayoga hone lge| sthiti yaha hai ki bhojana ke anukUla kRti ke uddezya ( viSaya ) ke rUpa meM sukhAdi viSaya haiM, tathApi bhojanakartA ko sukhakartA nahIM kaha sakate / odana aura dvidala ke pAkoM ke samAna bhojana aura sukha nAntarIyaka hai, unameM viSayatA-sambandha bhI hai; kintu bhojanakartA kA tatkAla sAdhya bhojana hai, sukha nhiiN| pAkoM ke kartA eka hI haiM, kintu ina donoM ke kartA eka nahIM haiM / isI prakAra yAgAdi kati ke uddezya ke rUpa meM vartamAna svargAdi viSaya haiM, kintu yAgakartA ( yAgaM karoti ) hI svarga kA kartA ( svarga karoti ) nhiiN| yAgakartA ke lie yAga sAdhya hai, svarga nahIM / isalie donoM ke kartRtva bhinnaniSTha haiM / mImAMsaka yAgakartA to yajamAna ko : mAnate haiM, kintu svargakartA dharmarUpa adRSTa ko kahate haiM ( adRSTa svarga utpanna karatA ) / Upara ke udAharaNa meM bhI bhojana karanevAlA vyakti sukha utpanna nahIM karatA- donoM ke kartA alaga haiM / gadAdhara gadAdhara bhI vyutpattivAda meM cetana padArthoM kA mukhya kartRtva tathA acetana kA gauNa kartRtva mAnate hue2 bhavAnanda kI mAnyatAoM kA poSaNa karate haiN| vibhakti tathA AkhyAtaviSayaka AnuSaMgika praznoM kA samAdhAna karate hue ve acetana ke kartRtva kA vivecana karate haiM / ka-dhAtu kI yatnavAcakatA hone se prayatnavAn padArtha ko hI kartA kahA jA sakatA hai, tathApi kASThAdi acetana padArthoM kI svataMtra rUpa se vivakSA hone para unakA kartRtva sUpapAdya hotA hai| svataMtra-zabda ke pariSkAra meM gadAdhara prAcIna paddhati 1. viSayatvaM ca sAdhyatvena bodhyam / tena bhojanakRteruddezyatvena sukhAdiviSayakatve'pi tatkarturna sukhakartRtvam' / -kArakacakra, pR0 16 2. 'kartRtvaM ca mukhyaM kriyAnukUlakatireva' / evaM 'kartapadamapi vyApArAdimatyacetanAdI bhAktameva / acetanAdau svarasataH krtRpdaapryogaat'|-vyutpttivaad, pR0 210, 214 /

Page #147
kartR-kAraka kA ISat navIna saMskaraNa prastuta karate haiM- 'svatantratvaM ca kArakAntaravyApArAnadhInavyApAravattve sati kArakatvam' ( vyu0 vA0, pR0 215 ) / svataMtra usa prakAra ke vyApAra se yukta kAraka hai jo dUsare kArakoM ke vyApAra ke adhIna na ho / kASTha meM vyApAra hai jo puruSa ke vyApAra ke adhIna kriyA ke anukUla hai, kisI dUsare ke vyApAra ke adhIna kriyA ke anukUla nahIM / ataeva kASTha kI svatantratA siddha hotI hai / yahA~ eka bAta dhyAna dene yogya hai / kASTha meM lakSita kartRtva kI siddhi ke lie kArakAntara artha 'kartRbhinna karmAdi kAraka' hai / yadi 'kASThabhinna kArakAntara' artha leMge to kartRbhUta puruSa bhI isameM padArpaNa karegA aura usake vyApAra ke adhIna kASTha - vyApAra hone se kASTha ko kartRtva nahIM ho sakegA / gadAdhara ke anusAra ukta lakSaNa meM 'anadhIna' - paryanta jo zabda samUha lagAye gaye haiM unakA phala yahI hai ki 'caitraH kASThaiH sthAlyAM pacati' ke sthala meM kevala caitra ko hI kartRtva ho sakatA hai / usakI upasthiti meM dUsare kisI ko kartRtva nahIM ho sakatA / navyavyAkaraNa tathA kartRtva- lakSaNa navyanyAya meM jisa prakAra kRtyAzraya ke AdhAra para kartRlakSaNa prakAra navyavyAkaraNa meM 'vyApAra ke Azraya' ke cAroM ora yaha bhaTTojidIkSita, kauNDabhaTTa tathA nAgeza- -ina tInoM prakhyAta kendrIbhUta lakSaNa meM sahamati hai / 127 kiyA gayA hai usI lakSaNa ghUmatA hai / vaiyAkaraNoM kI isa bhaTTojidIkSita apanI siddhAntakArikA ( saM0 24 ) meM Azraya ko kartRvibhakti kA artha mAnate hue zabdakaustubha meM yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki kriyA meM svatantra rUpa se vivakSita padArtha kartA hai / aba yaha jijJAsA hotI hai ki yaha svatantratA kyA hai ? isake uttara meM kahA gayA hai - ' dhAtUpAttavyApArAzrayatvaM svAtantryam 2 | kisI dhAtu ke dvArA jisa vyApAra kA grahaNa ( upAdAna ) kiyA jAtA ho usI vyApAra kA Azraya honA usa dhAtu se sambaddha kriyA kI niSpatti karane meM kartA kI svatantratA hai / kartRlakSaNa meM navyavaiyAkaraNa prAyaH kartA ko lakSita na kara 'svatantra' ko pariSkRta karate haiM, kyoMki svatantra rUpa kartRlakSaNa kA pariSkAra karane se lakSya tathA lakSaNa donoM kI vyAkhyA ho jAtI hai / dIkSita ke dvArA anyatra kiyA gayA svAtantrya - pariSkAra isa prakAra hai - 'pradhAnIbhUtadhAtvarthaM pratyAzrayatvaM svAtantryam / dhAtu pradhAna artha kA Azraya honA svAtantrya hai / dIkSita ke mata meM yahA~ dhAtu ke pradhAna artha se vyApAra 3 2. za0 kau0 bhAga 2, pR0 139 / 3. praur3hamanoramA, pR0 506 / 1. 'kriyA kvApi na kartRvinAkRteti kArakAntarANAM kartRsApekSatvaniyamaH / kartu - vApAdAnAdivinAkRtAyA api sambandha iti na kArakAntarApekSAniyamaH ' / -- vibhaktyarthavicAra, pR0 194

Page #148
saMskRta - vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana abhipreta hai, kyoMki siddhAntakArikA meM unhoMne vyApAra kI pradhAnatA nirUpita kI hai / ataeva dhAtu kA pradhAna artha yA usake dvArA upAtta vyApAra eka hI hai- kisI ke Azraya ke rUpa meM 'svatantra' kA lakSaNa karanA eka hI bAta hai / isa sthAna para bhartRhari ke nAma se eka kArikAMza kA uddharaNa dIkSita ke granthoM meM, vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa meM tathA paramalaghumaMjUSA meM diyA gayA hai --- 128 'dhAtunoktakriye nityaM kArake kartRteSyate' | 2 use upajIvya mAnakara dIkSita ne jo svatantra ( kartA ) kA lakSaNa kiyA hai vaha sarvathA ucita hI hai / bhaTTojidIkSita, kauNDabhaTTa tathA nAgeza kA yogadAna bhaTTojidIkSita kA abhimata yaha hai ki naiyAyika loga jisa prakAra gauNa aura mukhya ke rUpa meM kartRbheda mAnakara 'devadattaH pacati' tathA 'sthAlI pacati' meM pArthakya kI vyavasthA karate haiM vaisI bAta vastutaH nahIM hai / svatantra rUpa meM arthAt dhAtvarthavyApAra ke Azraya ke rUpa meM jisakI bhI sthiti ho jAya - isameM vaktA kI icchA pradhAna niyAmaka hotI hai - vaha kartA hai / anna ke pAka ke samaya usakI viklitti ke pUrva anekAneka vyApAra kASTha, sthAlI Adi ko bhI vivakSA se de sakate haiM / ataeva inameM bhI kartRtva hotA hai, anyathA prathamA ( kASThAni pacanti ) yA tRtIyA ( kASThaiH pacyate ) kartRmUlaka vibhaktiyA~ inameM nahIM hotI / dIkSita ke 'pradhAnIbhUtadhAtvarthAzrayatvaM svAtantryam' ke virodha meM zaMkA ho sakatI hai / 'devadattenaudanaH pacyate' isa karmavAcya vAle prayoga meM karma kI pradhAnatA hone se vaiyAkaraNa-mata meM phalamukhyavizeSyaka zAbdabodha svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki lakAra sIdhA karma kA abhidhAna karatA hai / phalataH devadatta meM vartamAna dhAtvarthavyApAra kartA ke dvArA vyApta nahIM ho sakegA / isa doSa ke nirAkaraNArtha zabdaratnakAra haridIkSita tathA nAgeza svAtaMtryaM pariSkAra meM 'kartRpratyaya ke sahoccAraNa kI sthiti meM' itanA vizeSaNa lagA dete haiM / isa vizeSaNa ke jor3ane se yaha sthiti A jAtI hai ki aba - 1. ' phalavyApArayordhAturAzraye tu tiGaH smRtAH / phale pradhAnaM vyApArastiGarthastu vizeSaNam' || - bhUSaNakArikA 2 2. yaha vAstava meM zlokavArtika 71vIM kArikA kA uttarArdha hai / gurupada hAldAra ise isa prakAra pUrA karate haiM - 'vyApAre ca pradhAnatvAtsvatantra iti cocyate' / 3. ( tulanIya - si0 kau0 ) kriyAyAM svAtantryeNa vivakSito'rthaH kartA syAt' / 4. (ka) 'prAdhAnyaM ca kartRpratyayasamabhivyAhAre dhAtvarthaniSThavizeSyatAnirUpita - prakAratAnAzrayadhAtvarthatvam' / - zabdaratna, pR0 506 (kha) "kartRpratyayasamabhivyAhAre ityanena 'pakvastaNDulo devadattena' ityAdI phalasya vizeSyatve'pi devadattasya kartRtvasiddhiH" / --la0 ma0, pR0 1242

Page #149
kartR-kAraka 129 kartRvAcaka pratyaya kA sahoccAraNa dhAtu ke sAtha ho ( jaise ---paThati, pacati, pAThakaH; paktA ityAdi ) tabhI dhAtvartha vyApAra kA Azraya kartA kahalAtA hai| 'devadattaH pacati' meM kartRvAcaka pratyaya ( tip ) dhAtu ke sAtha uccarita hai, ata: vikledanAnukUla vyApAra kA Azraya devadatta kartA hai| yaha pariSkAra hameM anyonyAzraya meM DAla detA hai, kyoMki kartapratyaya kA bodha kartA ke AdhAra para aura kartA kA bodha kartavAcaka pratyaya ke AdhAra para hogaa| parantu haridIkSita kA yaha Azaya nahIM hai ki sarvatra kartapratyaya ke samabhivyAhAra ke AdhAra para hI kartA kA nirUpaNa ho / yaha vizeSaNa to vAstava meM karma ke abhidhAna kI dazA meM usameM kartRtva ke vAraNArtha hai ki karmapratyaya haTAkara kartapratyaya lagAkara dekha leM ki pradhAna dhAtvartha kA Azraya kauna hai ? tadanusAra yadi vaha anabhihita ho taba bhI kartRtvazakti se yukta to hai hii| ___ kauNDabhaTTa bhaTTojidIkSita kI mAnyatA svIkAra karate haiM ki dhAtu ke dvArA upAtta vyApAra ko dhAraNa karanevAlA svataMtra ( kartA ) kahalAtA hai / isIlie jaba sthAlI Adi acetana ke vyApAra bhI dhAtu ke dvArA abhihita hote haiM taba unheM bhI kartRtvazakti prApta hotI hai| yahA~ bhI uparyukta 'kartR-pratyaya-samabhivyAhAra' vizeSaNa lagAnA Avazyaka hai / yadyapi bhaTTojidIkSita ke samAna bhUSaNakAra bhI isa viSaya meM mauna haiM; kintu isa satya kI upekSA unake TIkAkAra nahIM kara pAte ki usake abhAva meM karmavAcyagata dhAtu ke dvArA anabhihita hone ke kAraNa devadattAdi ko kartRtva nahIM prApta ho sktaa| kauNDabhaTTa isa sthala meM eka anya mahattvapUrNa viSaya kA vivecana karate haiN| eka hI vastu buddhi ke avasthA-bheda yA vivakSA ke kAraNa kartA, karma aura karaNa bhI ho sakatI hai tathA dhAtu dvArA ( kartavAcya ke udAharaNoM meM ) kisI ke vyApAra kA abhidhAna hone para use kartA kahA jA sakatA hai| dUsarI ora, brahmasUtra ke 'karmakartRvyapadezAcca' ( 1 / 2 / 4 ) isa sUtra ke antargata 'etamitaH pretyAbhisambhavitAsmi' (chA0 u0 3|14|4-is zarIra se mukta hone para maiM usa paramAtmA ko prApta karU~gA )-isa vAkya meM vyAsa kA nirNaya hai ki 'manomayaH prANazarIraH' meM nirdiSTa manomayAdi guNa AtmA ( yA brahma ) ke nahIM arthAt brahma usa svarUpa kA nahIM hai, kyoMki uparyukta vAkya meM AtmA ko prApti kA karma kahA gayA hai ( etam ) aura use prApti-kriyA kA kartA bhI kahA gayA hai / 'etam' ke dvArA usakA prApya honA tathA 'abhisambhavitAsmi' ke dvArA usakA prApaka honA nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai| iti yA bheda ke binA kartA tathA karma kA ukta rUpa meM vyapadeza karanA sambhava nahIM, ataH donoM 1. 'pakvastaNDulo devadattenetyatra vyApArasya phalaM prati vizeSaNatvAd devadattasya kartRtvAnApattiriti kartRpratyayasamabhivyAhAra iti' / ( draSTavya darpaNaTIkA bhI, pR. 154) -20 bhU0 sA. kAzikA, pU. 175

Page #150
130 saMskRta vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana meM virodha hai; jisase siddha hotA hai ki manomayatvAdi guNa se viziSTa jIva upAsaka hai, upAsya nahIM / tAtparya yaha huA ki vyAsa ke nirNayAnusAra eka hI vastu ko karma tathA kartA nahIM kahA jA sakatA, jaba ki vaiyAkaraNoM ke mata se yaha saMbhava hai| isa prakAra vyAsa ke nirNaya kA virodha hotA hai / isake atirikta jagatkAraNa brahma ko zarIra se adhika ( Upara ) dikhalAne ke lie 'AtmA vAre draSTavyaH' ( bR0 upa0 2 / 4 / 5 ) ityAdi zrutivAkyoM meM kartRtva tathA karmatva ke bheda ko AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| 'bhedavyapadezAt' ( bra0 sU0 1 / 3 / 5 ) sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki prANadhArI mumukSu tathA pRthvI-svargAdi ke Ayatana svarUpa prApya yA jJeyabhAva kA upadeza ( tamevaikaM jAnathAtmAnam ) hone se bheda kI vyavasthA hotI hai| aisI sthiti meM vaiyAkaraNa-mata kisa prakAra grAhya ho sakatA hai ? ___ isa para kauNDabhaTTa samAdhAna dete haiM ki vaiyAkaraNa-mata tathA vedAnta ke ukta nirNaya meM koI virodha nahIM hai| tathya yaha hai ki jIva meM hI kartRtva tathA karmatva donoM hai / jaba vaha jJeya yA prApya kahalAtA hai taba usameM karmatva kI vyavasthA hotI hai aura jaba AkhyAta ke dvArA usakA abhidhAna hotA hai (dhAtunoktakriye kArake ) taba vaha kartA bhI hotA hai / vaiyAkaraNoM kA yaha siddhAnta nahIM ki kisI padArtha ko vivakSA se yugapat ( eka hI sAtha ) kartRtva tathA karmatva donoM kI prApti ho jaaygii| aisA mAnane para 'vipratiSedha-paribhASA' prakrAnta hogI tathA paravartinI kartRsaMjJA karmasaMjJA ko roka degii| taba to 'etam' meM dvitIyA-vibhakti hotI hI nhiiN| ataeva buddhi kI avasthAoM ke dvArA bheda-kalpanA karake eka hI padArtha ko pRthak-pRthak zabdoM kI sahAyatA se vibhinna kArakoM meM rakhA jAtA hai / isa pRthak zabda-vyavasthA ke kAraNa paravartinI saMjJA ke dvArA kisI pUrvavartinI saMjJA ke bAdha kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| isI se 'AtmAnamAtmanA hanti' tathA 'etamitaH pretyAbhisambhavitAsmi' ityAdi vAkyoM kI vyavasthA hotI hai / niSkarSataH jIva ke bodhaka zabda tathA paramAtmA ke bodhaka zabda meM jo virodha hai vahI una donoM meM bheda kA kAraNa hai2 / bheda ke vyapadeza yA nirdeza kA yahI rahasya hai / vAstavika ( pAramArthika ) bheda nahIM hone para bhI zAbdika virodha yA bheda to hai hii| ___ isa prasaMga meM bhAmatI tathA kalpataru meM kiye gaye kartRtva ke upapAdana kA bhI uddharaNa kauNDabhaTTa dete haiN| donoM hI sthAnoM meM 'ghaTo bhavati' meM ghaTa ke kartRtva kI siddhi meM kahA gayA hai ki ghaTagata vyApAra dhAtu ke dvArA upAtta hai, ataH kartA kA yaha lakSaNa usa para acchI taraha ghaTa jAtA hai-'dhAtUpAttavyApArAzrayaH kartA' 3 / giridhara 1. draSTavya-ukta sUtra para zAMkarabhASya-'tathopAsyopAsakabhAvo'pi bhedAdhiSThAna ev'| 2. 'zabdavirodhadvArA sa bhedahetuH' / -vai0 bhU0, pR0 107 3. vai0 bhU0, pR0 107 //

Page #151
kartR kAraka 131 bhaTTAcArya ne bhI apane vibhaktyartha-nirNaya (pR0 136-7 ) meM isa viSaya kA vivecana kiyA hai| vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa meM navyanyAya ke kartalakSaNa kA anuvAda karake khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| naiyAyikoM ke anusAra kartA kRti kA Azraya hai, jisakA samarthana yogArtha ke bala se hotA hai ( kR = kRti, tRca = Azraya ) / AzrayAMza kI prApti isa prakAra kartRbhUta devadattAdi arthAt prakRti se ho jAne ke kAraNa ve loga kRti ko kartatRtIyA kA artha mAnate haiM, jo vaiyAkaraNoM ke 'AzrayaH tRtIyArthaH' isa mata ke viparIta hai| kauNDabhaTTa tathA nAgeza apane dhAtvartha-vivecana ke avasara para mAnyatA dete haiM ki kRti bhI dhAtulabhya hI hai| yadi kRti ko tRtIyArtha mAnA jAya to 'rathena gamyate' yahA~ acetana ratha kI sthiti meM kRti kI vyavasthA kaThina ho jaaygii| nAgeza kahate haiM ki yadi yahA~ acetana meM lakSaNA kA Azraya leM to yaha anucita hai, ataH AzrayArtha meM lakSaNA ThIka nhiiN| antima bAta yaha hai ki kR-dhAtu kA artha kevala kRti hI nahIM hai / kRti kA artha yatna hai, jisase kR-dhAtu ke akarmaka hone kA prasaMga hogA / isa sthAna meM yaha jJAtavya hai ki kucha loga dhAtvartha kI sattA cetanamAtra meM mAnate haiM / acetana padArthoM meM do prakAra se kartatva vyavasthita ho sakatA hai--(1) cetanatA kA Aropa karake yA (2) cetananiSTha kriyA kA Aropa karake / isakA vivecana yAska ( nirukta 77 ) tathA pasaMjali' ( mahAbhASya, 4 / 1 / 27 ) ne bhI kiyA hai| naiyAyika loga acetana meM gauNa kartRtva svIkAra karate haiM, kintu vaiyAkaraNoM ko isameM gauNatA mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM; kyoMki dhAtu ke dvArA upAtta vyApAra kA Azraya kartA hotA hai| dUsarI ora naiyAyika kRti ke Azraya ke rUpa meM kartalakSaNa svIkAra karate haiM, jisase acetana ke kartRtva meM lakSaNA ke binA kAma nahIM cltaa| kRti eka pravRtti yA prayatna hai, jo cetana meM hI sambhava hai| dUsarI ora, vyApAra una avayavabhUta kriyAoM ko kahate haiM jo pUrvApara ke krama se eka hI kriyA meM utpanna hotI hai; jaise'pacati' meM adhaHsantApana, phUtkAra, odana-dhAraNa ityAdi / inameM se kisI bhI vyApAra kA nirdeza dhAtu ke dvArA vivakSita ho sakatA hai aura vaisI sthiti meM tattad vyApAroM ko dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa acetana ko bhI kartA kahA jA sakatA hai, jisameM gauNa aura mukhya ke bheda kA prazna hI nhiiN| nAgeza ne laghumaMjUSA meM tRtIyA-vibhakti kA vivecana karate hue 'kartRkaraNayostRtIyA' sUtra kA uddharaNa dekara kartA tathA karaNa ina donoM kArakoM kA pUrvApara-krama se nirUpaNa kiyA hai| yahI dazA unake laghuzabdenduzekhara kI bhI hai| maMjUSA meM nirUpita kartRzakti kA savistara pariSkAra isa prakAra hai- 'sA zaktizca kartRpratyayasamabhivyAhAre 1. la0 ma0, pR0 1244 . 2. 'vyApAro bhAvanA saivotpAdanA saiva ca kriyaa| ko'karmakatApattenaM hi yatno'rtha iSyate' // -vai0 bhU0 kArikA 4

Page #152
saMskRta vyAkaraNa meM kAraka tasvAnuzIlana vyApAratAvacchedakasambandhena tadbhAtvarthaniSThavizeSyatA -nirUpita prakAratAnAzraya-taddhAtvarthAzraye vartate / isake Age nAgeza kahate haiM ki ukta rUpa meM kisI dhAtvartha kA Azraya honA svAtantrya yA kartRtva hai / isa pariSkAra meM tIna bAteM mahattvapUrNa haiM 132 (1) kisI vizeSaNa, prakArAdi se rahita vizuddha dhAtvartha kA Azraya hone se hI svAtantrya kA upabhoga koI kara sakatA hai, jisameM cetana-acetana kA bheda-bhAva bilakula nahIM rahatA / / isa dRSTi se nAgeza pataMjali ke ghora samarthaka haiM, jinake anusAra sthAlI meM sthita yatna kA kathana yadi pac-dhAtu ke dvArA ho rahA ho to sthAlI bhI svatantra hai ( 'sthAlasthe yatne pacinA kathyamAne sthAlI svatantratA' ) / isa prakAra dhAtu ke dvArA vyApAra kA abhidhAna honA svAtantrya kA lakSaNa hai, jise prakArAntara se dhAtu ke artha ( vyApAra ) kA Azraya bhI kahA jAtA hai| kisI vastu ke abhidhAna ( prAdhAnyadyotana ) ke kaI sAdhana vyAkaraNa meM pAye jAte haiM ( jaise - tiG, kRt, taddhita, samAsa tathA nipAta ), jinakA nirUpaNa hama pichale adhyAya meM kara cuke haiN| 'sthAlI pacati, rAmo gacchati' Adi meM dhAtu tiG pratyaya ke mAdhyama se sthAlI, rAmAdi ko abhihita karatA hai, ataH usakI svatantratA akSuNNa hai / ( 2 ) vyApAratAvacchedaka sambandha --- dhAtvartha kA Azraya koI padArtha kaI prakAroM yA sambandhoM se hotA hai; jaise kAlika, daizika Adi sambandha / koI kriyA kisI kAla yA deza meM hI ghaTatI hai, ataH dhAtvartha kA Azraya kAla yA deza bhI hone ke kAraNa unake kartRtva kI Apatti ho jAyagI ( 'kAlo hi jagadAdhAraH kAlAdhAro na kazcana' ) / prakRta vizeSaNa isa Apatti kA vAraNa karatA hai, kyoMki kevala vyApAra-sambandha ke AdhAra para hI dhAtvartha kA Azraya kartA hotA hai, kAlikAdi sambandhoM ke AdhAra para nahIM / 'ghaTo bhavati' meM ghaTa kA vyApAra hai, kAla ke vyApAra kA nirdeza bilakula nahIM hai ki vaha kartA ho ske| isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki kAla ke vyApAra kA nirdeza kiyA jAne para usake kartA hone meM Apatti nahIM; jaise -- ' kAla: pacati bhUtAni' / kintu aisA zabdataH nirdeza honA cAhie / -- svAtantrya ke lakSaNa meM prayukta yaha vizeSaNa eka anya zaMkA kA bhI samAdhAna karatA hai / prAyaH yaha dhAraNA dekhI jAtI hai ki jaba kriyA sAmagrI ke dvArA niSpanna kI jAtI hai taba pratyeka sAdhana kI hI apane-apane vyApAra meM svatantratA hotI hai / isalie 'svatantraH kartA' sUtra meM svatantra zabda ananya rUpa se kartA kA hI lakSaNa haiyaha mAnanA yuktiyukta nahIM / kintu vyApAratAvacchedaka sambandha se jaba hama dhAtvarthAzraya ko svatantra kahate haiM taba eka bAra meM kisI eka padArtha ko hI svatantra kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki dhAtu ke dvArA usI padArtha kA vyApAra vyApta ho sakatA hai - yugapat sabhI sAdhanoM ke vyApAra vyApta nahIM hoMge / jisa sAdhana ke vyApAra ko abhihita kiyA - 1. 0 ma0, pR0 1242 /

Page #153
kartR-kAraka 133 jAyagA use kartA kahane meM Apatti nahIM hotii| hama dekha cuke haiM ki pataJjali ne ise rAjA aura amAtya kA udAharaNa dekara spaSTa kiyA hai| ( 3 ) kintu uparyukta sabhI sthitiyoM ke hone para bhI svAtantrya kI sattA tabhI hotI hai jaba kartapratyaya kA prayoga ho| karma tathA bhAvavAcyoM meM kartRtva kA nirNaya unake kalpita kartRvAcya meM dhAtuvyApAra se avacchinna padArtha ko dekhakara hotA hai| aisA isalie karanA par3atA hai ki karmavAcya ke phalamukhyavizeSyaka zAbdabodha meM bhI kartRtva kI siddhi ho ske| hama yaha dekha cuke haiM ki isa vizeSaNa ( kartapratyayasamabhivyAhAra ) kA sujhAva haridIkSita ke zabdaratna meM diyA gayA hai, jise nAgeza ne bhI apane sambaddha granthoM meM grahaNa kiyA hai / nAgeza Age calakara batalAte haiM ki yaha kartRtva-zakti usI padArtha meM nivAsa karatI hai jisameM sambaddha dhAtvartha kI kRti tathA vyApAra donoM Azrita hote haiN| naiyAyika loga jo kevala kRti kI AzrayatA meM kartRtva mAna lete haiM-vaha ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki gurutara bhAra ke Upara uThAne meM kevala kRti ( prayatna ) kI siddhi tathA sambaddha vyApAra kI asiddhi hone se kartRtva-vyavahAra nahIM hotA / naiyAyika loga yahA~ kartRtva-vyavahAra ke abhAva ke lie saphAI dete haiM ki yahA~ yatna ke hone kA koI pramANa nahIM 2 / kintu bhavAnanda ke anusAra isameM tadviSayaka kRti hone para bhI kriyA kI aniSpatti ke hI kAraNa kartRtva-vyavahAra nahIM hotA / tadanusAra 'tattatkriyAnukUlakRti ko dhAraNa karanevAle ko' svatantra mAnanA par3atA hai / nAgeza ise hI kRti tathA vyApAra-donoM kA Azraya kahate haiM / dhAtvartha kI kRti kA viSaya usase sAdhya phala ko kahate haiM, isalie sAdhyatva ke rUpa meM vidyamAna viSayatA kRti meM hI rahatI hai / isake phalasvarUpa bhavAnanda ke prakaraNa meM uddhRta 'matto bhUtaM, na tu mayA kRtam' ( mujhase yaha kArya ho gayA, kiyA nahIM gayA ) siddha prayoga nahIM raha jAtA, kyoMki jo kArya yahA~ sAdhya hotA hai vaha kRti kA viSaya nahIM / yaha AnuSaMgika sthiti hai ki dUsare viSaya kI kRti thI aura usake sAtha-sAtha dUsare viSaya kA kArya bhI sampanna ho gayA / bhAta pakAne kI kRti se dAla bhI paka gayI / isameM aisA nahIM kaha sakate ki dAla paka gayI, maiMne nahIM pkaayii| dAla ke pakAne kA kartRtva bhAta pakAnevAle meM nahIM dekhA jA sktaa| isIlie jo vyakti pIThe meM bharI huI zarkarA ( jaba ki donoM kriyAe~ avicchedya kRti se sAdhya haiM ) kA bhakSaNa kara rahA hai, zarkarAbhakSaNa kA kartA nahIM ho sakatA / kucha loga jo yaha samajhate haiM ki 1. "etena sAmagrIsAdhyAyAM kriyAyAM sarveSAM svasvavyApAre svAtantryAt sUtre 'svatantraH' ityavyAvartakamityapAstam / prAguktasvAtantryasya yugptsrvessvbhaavaat"| -la0 ma0, pR0 1242 2. la0 ma0, pR0 1243 / 3. kArakacakra, pR0 16 /

Page #154
134 saMskRta - vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana kRti vyApAra se bhinna nahIM hai ( vyApAra - vizeSa hI kRti hai ), unakA khaNDana isa vivecana se ho jAtA hai / vAstava meM kRti aura vyApAra donoM bhinna padArtha haiM / athavA yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki kRti Antarika ceSTA - vizeSa kA nAma hai, jaba ki vyApAra bAhya ceSTA hai / vyApAra kA jJAna to dhAtu se hotA hI hai, kRti bhI dhAtulabhya hai ( naiyAyika kRti ko tRtIyArtha samajhate haiM ) / kintu kevala kRti hI dhAtvartha hoto sabhI dhAtuoM ko akarmaka mAnanA par3egA - yaha nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / svAtantrya kA pariSkRta lakSaNa pataJjali ke prAmANya para nAgeza ne do prakAra se kiyA hai ( 1 ) ' taddhAtvarthIyakArakacakraprayoktRtvaM svAtantryam' / dhAtvartha - vizeSa se sambaddha karmAdi kArakoM ko apane-apane kAryoM meM pravRtta karanevAlA svatantra kartA hai / (2) 'svecchAdhIna pravRttinivRttikatvaM svAtantryam' / svatantra vaha hai jo apanI icchA ke anusAra kriyA kI niSpatti meM pravRtta yA nivRtta ho / ukta prakAra kI svatantratA kA upayoga prayojya prayojaka ke samakSa rahane para bhI karatA hai, kyoMki apane vyaktitva ko akSuNNa rakhakara vaha svArtha hone para pravRtta hotA hai, svArtha nahIM hone para nahIM / ukta svatantratA bhI Aropita tathA anAropita ke rUpa meM do prakAra kI hotI hai; sthAlI meM Aropita svAtantrya hai to puruSa meM anAropita / zabdazakti kA svabhAva hI hai ki jisameM vaktA svAtantrya kI vivakSA karatA hai usI kA vyApAra dhAtu ke dvArA abhihita hotA hai, pradhAnatayA prakAzita hotA hai / isalie jahA~ pataJjali kahate haiM ki sthAlI svatantra hai vahA~ unakA abhiprAya samajhanA cAhie ki sthAlI Aropita svAtantrya se yukta hai / kAraNa yaha hai ki jaba taka svAtantrya Aropita nahIM hotA taba taka sthAlI ke vyApAra meM dhAtu pradhAnatayA pravRtta nahIM ho sakatA, usake vyApAra ko prakAzita nahIM kara sakatA / nAgeza apane pUrvAcAryoM ( dIkSita, koNDabhaTTa ) ke svAtantrya - pariSkAra kA khaNDana karanA bhI Avazyaka samajhate haiM / pradhAna dhAtvartha vyApAra ke Azraya ko svatantra mAnane vAle ve AcArya nAgeza ke anusAra yaha nahIM dekhate ki koza yA vyAkaraNa se 'svatantra' zabda kA ukta artha prakaTa nahIM hotA / loka meM uparyukta donoM arthoM meM hI svatantra-pada kA vyavahAra dikhalAyI par3atA hai / isa prakAra pataJjali tathA nAgeza lokaprAmANya para svatantra kI pratiSThA karate haiM, kyoMki 'svatantra' pANini ke anusAra koI saMjJA nahIM ki kRtrima ho tathA lokaprayoga se bhinna zAstrIya dRSTimAtra se svIkRta ho / 'svatantraH kartA' kahate hue pANini yaha mAnakara calate haiM ki svatantra kA artha sabhI jAnate haiM, lokaprayukta svatantra - zabda hI lakSaNa meM gRhIta huA hai / saMsAra meM use hI svatantra kahate haiM jo apanI icchA ke anusAra vyavahAra kare, cAhe pravRtta ho cAhe 1. la0 ma0, pR0 1244-5 /

Page #155
kartR-kAraka 135 nivRtta ho / prayojya kI svatantratA kA nirUpaNa karate hue pataJjali isakA vidhivat vizleSaNa kara cuke haiN| prayojaka aura prayojya dIkSitAdi prAcIna vaiyAkaraNoM kA ( saMbhavataH guru-paramparA se Agata ) mata nAgeza uddhRta karate haiM ki svatantrarUpa se abhimata padArtha sAkSAt yA paramparA se dhAtvartha kA Azraya hotA hai| prayojaka kartA to sAkSAt Azraya nahIM hotA, ata: usake lie paramparA kI vidhi anivArya hai| eka prayoga hai--'paJcabhirhalaiH kaSati' ( pA~ca haloM se kheta jotatA hai ) / pA~ca haloM ko calAnevAle pA~ca vyakti hoMge jinheM koI bar3A kisAna ( prayojaka ) prerita karatA hai| yahA~ hala jotane vAle ( karSaka ) meM sthita vilekhana-vyApAra ke AzrayarUpa karSakoM ko prayojita karanevAle bhU-svAmI meM paramparA se dhAtvartha-vyApAra kI AzrayatA hai| yadi 'paramparA'-sambandha svIkAra nahIM kareM to prayojya kA vyApAra dhAtvartha ho jAyagA, jisake Azraya eka nahIM, pA~ca haiM; ataH bahuvacana-kriyA kI Apatti hogii| yadi prayojaka-vyApAra ko sAkSAt dhAtuvAcya (dhAtvartha ) mAneM to Nic-pratyaya ( hetumati ca ) kI Apatti hogii| isalie 'paramparayA' sambandha anivArya hai| prAcIna vaiyAkaraNa antarbhAvitaNyartha kA bhI yahI artha svIkAra karate haiM ki jahA~ paramparA se prayojaka kA vyApAra dhAtuvAcya ho rahA ho ( vahA~ Nyartha antarbhUta-chipA huA hai ) / yaha pUrA vivecana nAgeza ko amAnya hai, kintu ve antarbhAvitaNyartha kA vizeSa rUpa se vicAra karate haiM / paramparA se prayojaka kA vyApAra dhAtuvAcya hone para sarvatra Nica kA prayoga apekSita hai, kintu yadi vaha kisI kAraNa se aprayukta raha gayA ho to iSTasiddhi ke lie Nijartha kA antarbhAva samajha lenA caahie| udAharaNArtha 'rAjani yudhi kRtraH' ( pA0 sU0 3 / 2 / 95 ) meM kahA gayA hai ki rAjan-zabda karma ke rUpa meM upapada meM rahe to yudh tathA kR dhAtuoM se kvanip-pratyaya hotA hai / aba samasyA yaha hai ki yudhdhAtu to akarmaka hai taba rAjA usakA karma kaise hogA? jayAditya uttara dete haiM'antarbhAvitaNyarthaH sakarmako bhavati' ( kAzikA, pR0 185 ) / tadanusAra yudha-dhAtu meM Nijartha kA antarbhAva mAna lene para sakarmakatA A jAyegI aura 'rAjayudhvA' ( rAjAnaM yodhitavAn ) zabda niSpanna ho skegaa| kintu yadi svaravRtti se hama jahAM-tahAM isa antarbhAvitaNyartha kA upayoga karane lageM to akarmaka kriyA kI sattA lupta ho jaayegii| nAgeza kA nirNaya hai ki Nic ke abhAva meM bhI usakA artha vyakta ho rahA ho tabhI isa zastra kA upayoga hotA hai-dhAtu kI isa prakAra kI vRtti vAstava meM hotI hai, isameM sandeha nahIM / 1. 'tasmAd dhAtUnAmanekArthatvAt NyarthAntarbhAveNApi dhAtorvattiH / parantu yatra Nico'bhAve'pi tadarthadyotakamasti, tatraiva / yathA prakRte paJcabhihalairiti' / -la0 ma0, pR0 1249

Page #156
136 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana __Nijartha kA antarbhAva yadi sakarmaka kriyA meM huA ( jaisA ki ukta 'paJcabhirhala: karSati' meM kiyA jAtA hai ) aura dvitIya karma ( 'bhUmi karSati' meM bhUmi ) se rahita prayoga dikhalAyI par3e to prayojaka ke vyApAra ko hI dhAtvartha ( dhAtuvAcya ) mAnakara samAdhAna karanA cAhie / isakI puSTi brahmasUtra ( 2 / 4 / 20 ) ke zAMkarabhASya se hotI hai / zaMkara laukika prayoga dete haiM-'cAreNAhaM parasainyamanupravizya saGkalayAni' ( guptacara ke dvArA zatrusenA ke bhItara ghusakara maiM usa senA kI gatividhi jAna luuN)| yaha rAjA kI ukti hai jo cara ke dvArA ( cara-kartRka ) kiye gaye sainya saMkalana (kriyA ) ko hetukartA hone ke kAraNa apane Upara Aropita karatA hai, kyoMki 'saMkalayAni' kA uttamapuruSa-prayoga isI taya kA dyotaka hai| isI prakAra chAndogyopaniSad ( 6 / 3 / 2 ) ke samAnAntara prayoga kI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai- 'devatAnena jIvenAtmanA'nupravizya nAmarUpe vyAkaravANi' / nAma aura rUpa ko vyAkRta karanA ( vizleSaNa ) jIva kA kAma hai, kintu devatA hetukartA hone ke kAraNa usa kriyA ko apane Upara Aropita karatA hai / vAcaspatimizra isa sthAna para bhAmatI meM guptacara tathA jIvAtmA ko isIlie karaNa mAna lete haiM ki rAjA tathA devatA kA vyApAra ( =prayojaka-vyApAra ) hI dhAtuvAcya hai| siddhAntataH prayojaka kA vyApAra Nic-pratyaya se vAcya hotA hai, vaha preSaNAdi vyApAra kA saMcAlana karatA hai| prayojya kA vyApAra sIdhe dhAtu se vAcya hotA hai| vAcaspati samajhate haiM ki saMkalana-kriyA cara ( prayojya ) se sambaddha nahIM hai| cara to kevala anupraveza karatA hai, usake dvArA lAyI gayI sUcanA ke AdhAra para rAjA sainya kA saMkalana karate haiM; jinakA vyApAra usa dhAta se sIdhA vAcya hotA hai| isIlie cara ko karaNa kahA gayA hai| nAgeza ke matAnusAra yahA~ Nyartha kA antarbhAva mAneM ( 'kalayati' meM Nic svArtha meM hai, curAdi-gaNa hai ) to prayojaka ( rAjA ) ke vyApAra kA abhidhAna dhAtu kara sakatA hai aura cara prayojya ho sakatA hai| nAgeza ke kathana kA Azaya yaha hai ki sAmAnyatayA dhAtu prayojaka ke vyApAra ko abhihita karatA hai, jisakI svatantratA avicchinna rahatI hai; yadyapi vaha prayojaka ke hI adhIna ukta vyApAra kA saMcAlana kyoM na karatA ho / prayojya svecchA se kriyA meM pravRtta-nivRtta hone ke kAraNa svAtantrya kA dvitIya lakSaNa to dhAraNa karatA hI hai, kintu kArakacakra ko prayojita karanevAlA prathama lakSaNa bhI usameM ghaTita hotA haiisakI siddhi nAgeza ko abhISTa hai| 'paJcabhihalaiH karSati' Adi vAkyoM meM bhI prayojaka-vyApAra kI pradhAna dhAtuvAcyatA agatika gati se hI mAnanI caahie| preraNA se utpanna paratantratA hone para prayojya kI svatantratA upAyarUpa ho jAtI hai tathA dhAtu se vAcya kriyAkRta svatantratA usameM vivakSita hotI hai ( prayojaka kI pradhAnatA ho jAne se usa samaya vAstavika svatantratA usameM nahIM rhtii)| 'ghaTo bhavati' isa prayoga meM ghaTa ke kartRtva kA nirUpaNa karate hue nAgeza do anya vyAkhyAoM ke sAtha apanI vyAkhyA dete haiM / ve isa prakAra haiM 1. la0 ma0, pR0 1247 / /

Page #157
kartR-kAraka 137 (1) buddhistha ghaTa ( bhautika nahIM ) kartA hai| (2) ghaTa zabda se isake upAdAna-kAraNa mRttikA kA bodha hotA hai, jo kAryakAraNa kI abhinnatA ke kAraNa kAryAtmaka hokara utpanna hotA hai| isakA pUrNa vizleSaNa bhartRhari tathA helArAja ne kiyA hai / (3) brahma ke dvArA jaba avidyAvazAt nAnAtva, bhAva, abhAvAdi ke rUpa dhAraNa kiye jAte haiM ( jo gauNa-prayoga nahIM, mithyA-prayoga hai ) taba unhIM rUpoM ke samAna kisI vastu ke janma yA nAza kA vyavahAra bhI mithyAjJAna ke phalasvarUpa hI hotA hai / advaita vedAnta ke isI siddhAnta ko kalA-TIkA meM nAgeza kA 'parama siddhAnta' kahA gayA hai| paramalaghumaJjUSA bahuta saMkSepa meM 'prakRtadhAtuvAcyavyApArAzrayatvaM kartRtvam' kI vyAkhyA karake kartA kI ukta tathA anukta avasthAoM ke udAharaNoM kA vaiyAkaraNasammata zAbdabodha karAtI hai| uktAvasthA kA udAharaNa hai-'cetro bhvti'| isakA zAbdabodha isa prakAra hogA __ 'ekatvAvacchinna-caitrAbhinnakartRkaM bhavanam / arthAt ekatva-saMkhyA se nirdhArita caitra se abhinna kartA ke dvArA hone kI kriyA / isa sthala meM 'tiGasamAnAdhikaraNe prathamA' tathA 'abhihite prathamA' ye do vArtika prathamA kA vidhAna karate haiN| sUtra ke mata se jo kartA-karmAdi arthavAle pratyaya se kartA Adi ke ukta rahane para prathamA kA prAtipadikArtha hI artha hai| isIlie tiGartha ke dvArA kriyA meM anvaya hone ke kAraNa prathamArtha ke kriyAjanaka hone se prathamA ko bhASya meM 'kArakavibhakti kahA gayA hai / yahA~ vArtika tathA bhASya kA Azaya yaha hai ki tiG-kRt Adi se kartA Adi ke abhihita hone para prathamAvibhakti anubhUta ( aprakAzita ) kartRtvAdi zaktiyoM ( dharmoM ) ko pratipAdita karatI hai| karmavAcaka tiGanta kA udAharaNa hai-'caitreNa grAmo gamyate' / nAgeza ke anusAra isakA zAbdabodha isa prakAra hogA 'caitrakartRkavyApArajanyaH ekatvAvavacchinnagrAmAbhinnakarmaniSThaH saMyogaH' / yahA~ kriyAphala ko mukhya vizeSya rakhA gayA hai / grAma karma hai, jo prathamAvibhakti meM hai / ataH usI meM ekatva-saMkhyA ko vizeSaNa banAkara kriyA kA nirdhAraNa huA hai| kartA ke bheda kartA ke sarvatra tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM-zuddhakartA, hetukartA ( prayojaka ) tathA krmkrtaa| (1) zuddhakartA-'svatantraH kartA' ke dvArA isI kA vidhAna hotA hai| anya 1. draSTavya-la0 ma0, pR0 1247 para kalA / 2. 'ata evAkhyAtArthadvArakakriyAnvayAt tadarthasya kriyAjanakatvAdasyAH kArakavibhaktitvena bhASye vyavahAraH' / -pa0 la0 ma0, pR0 167

Page #158
138 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana kArakoM kA niyamana karane vAlA yaha pradhAna kartA hai| abhihita yA anabhihita hone ke kAraNa isameM kramazaH prathamA yA tRtIyA vibhakti lagatI hai-rAmo gacchati, rAmeNa gamyate / nyAyakoza meM isakA lakSaNa diyA gayA hai ki jo preraNArthaka Nic se bhinna prakRtivAle dhAta ke dvArA gRhIta vyApAra kA Azraya ho; jaise.- devadattaH pacati / svArtha Nic kI prakRti vAle dhAtu meM bhI yahI kartA hotA hai; yathA-rAmaH kathayati / kintu preraNArthaka Nic hone para dhAtu aura pratyaya milakara jisake vyApAra kA bodha karAte haiM. vaha zuddha kartA nahIM hotaa| 'rAma: pAcayati' meM rAma zuddha kartA nahIM hai, hetukartA hai| hA~, eka mata se prayojya ko avazya hI zuddhakartA kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki vaha bhI kabhI ( aNijantAvasthA meM ) zuddhakartA hI rahA hai| (2) hetukartA ( prayojaka )--NijarthabhUta preraNA-vyApAra kA Azraya hetukartA kahalAtA hai / yaha bhI abhihita hone para prathamA vibhakti grahaNa karatA hai; yathA-rAma: pAcayati / yahA~ pAka-kriyA tathA preraNA-kriyA-isa prakAra do kriyAe~ 'pAcayati' meM antarbhUta haiN| unameM pAka-kriyA kA Azraya to prayojya ( zuddha ) kartA hai, kintu preraNAvyApAra rAmarUpa hetu kartA meM nihita hai / anibhihita hone para isameM bhI tRtIyA vibhakti hotI hai-pAcyate devadattena, kAryate hariNA / antima udAharaNa kA zAbdabodha nyAyakoza meM uparyukta sthala meM diyA gayA hai-'harya bhinnAzrayaka utpAdanAnukUlo vyApAraH' / gurupada hAldAra ne cetana tathA, acetana ke bheda se isa hetukartA ke do bheda kiye haiN| cetana kA udAharaNa hai-'gRhapatiH devadattenAnnaM paacyti'| acetana kA udAharaNa hai-'bhikSA vAsayati' / yahA~ bhikSA kI sulabhatA hai, jisase pravRtta hokara koI bhikSu sthala-vizeSa meM nivAsa kara rahA hai| ataH kahA gayA hai ki bhikSA use nivAsa kI preraNA de rahI hai| jaina vaiyAkaraNoM kI paramparA meM hetukartA ke tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM (ka ) preSaka-jaba prayojaka varIya tathA prayojya kanIya ho; jaise-'yajJadattaH sUpakAraNodanaM pAcayati' / (kha) adhyeSaka-jaba prayojaka kanIya tathA prayojya varIya ho| isameM AdarapUrvaka Agraha kA bhAva rahatA hai; yathA-'devadattaH guruM bhojayati / preSaNa tathA adhyeSaNa kI carcA bhartRhari ne bhI kI hai| (ga) AnukUlyabhAgI-jaba koI prayojaka apane prayojya meM mAnasika yA bhautika anukUlatA utpanna karatA hai; yathA-'suputro janakaM harSayati' / yahA~ suputra apane pitA meM harSodaya ke dvArA mAnasika anukUlatA utpanna karate hue unheM niyukta karatA hai| isa prakAra kA hetukartA acetana padArtha bhI ho sakatA hai; yathA- 'kAroSo'dhyApayati 1. 'preraNArthakaNijaprakRtidhAtUpAttavyApArAzrayatvamiti yAvat' / -nyA0 ko0, pR0 202 2. vyA0 da0 i0, pR0 267 /

Page #159
kartR-kAraka 139 mANavakam' / kArISa ( nirdhUmAgni ) zaitya kA nivAraNa karake adhyayana ke lie bhautika anukUlatA utpanna karate hue chAtra ko adhyayana meM prayukta karatA hai| ( 3 ) karmakartA-- isakI vyAkhyA do prakAra se kI jAtI hai| eka prakAra, jo bahuta kama pracalita hai, yaha hai ki dhAtu se upAtta vyApAra kA Azraya hone ke sAthasAtha jo Nijartha ke vyApAra ke dvArA vyApya ho; yathA--'gamayati kRSNaM gokulaM gopaH' / yahA~ kRSNa karmakartA hai| karmakartA kA yahI lakSaNa aura udAharaNa vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa (pR0 108 ) meM svIkRta hai jahA~ isakA zAbdabodha bhI karAyA gayA hai-'gokulakarmakagamanAnukUla-kRSNAzrayaka-tAdRza-vyApArAnukUlo vyApAraH' / vAstava meM yaha pANini ke sUtra 'gatibuddhipratyavasAna0' kA udAharaNa hai, jo kucha nizcita dhAtuoM ke kartA meM NijantAvasthA meM karmasaMjJA kA vidhAna hone se diyA gayA hai| pANini ke anusAra to use 'karma' kahanA cAhie, anyathA sabhI prayojyoM ko 'zuddhakartA' mAnanA hI ucita haive prayojya cAhe dvitIyA meM hoM yA tRtIyA meM / yaha to laukika prayoga hai, jo kucha dhAtuoM ke prayoga meM prayojya ko dvitIyA-vibhakti meM rakhatA hai to zeSa dhAtuoM kA prayoga hone para tRtIyA meM / isa vyatyaya ke kAraNa prayojya ke kartRtva para koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| ukta udAharaNa kA zuddha kartA meM antarbhAva hone ke kAraNa logoM ne karmakartA kA dUsarA lakSaNa kiyA hai| hama jAnate haiM ki jaba saukarya kA atizaya dyotita karane ke lie kartRvyApAra kI vivakSA nahIM hotI taba dUsare kAraka bhI kartRsaMjJA grahaNa karate haiM / isa rIti se jaba karma kI kartA ke rUpa meM vivakSA hotI hai taba use karmakartA kahA jAtA hai / durgasiMha ne kAtantravRtti meM isakA lakSaNa diyA hai - "kriyamANaM tu yatkarma svayameva prasiddhayati / sukaraiH svarguNaiH kartuH karmakarteti tad viduH'3 // __ kiyA jAnevAlA karma jaba apane Apa sampanna hotA ho tathA sukaratA ke kAraNa kartA ke guNoM ko apane meM dhAraNa karatA ho taba use karmakartA kahate haiM; yathA-pacyate odanaH svayameva / bhidyate kASThaM svayameva / 'karmavatkarmaNA tulyakriyaH' ( pA0 sU0 3 / 1 / 87 ) sUtra se karmakartA ko karmavadbhAva hotA hai, yadi kriyA karmastha hone kI kSamatA rakhatI hai / kriyA yadi kevala kartRstha hI raha sakatI hai to karmavadbhAva nahIM hotA; yathA-mAsamAste / karmakartA kevala nirvartya tathA vikArya karmoM kA hI ho sakatA hai, prApya karma ko nahIM / 1. rabhasanandi, kArakasambandhodyota, pR0 15 / 2. nyA0 ko0, pR0 202 / / 3. nyA0 ko0, pR0 202 meM uddhRta / 4. 'karmasthaH pacaterbhAvaH karmasthA ca bhideH kriyaa| ___ mAsAsibhAvaH kartRsthaH kartRsthA ca gameH kriyA' // -kAzikA, pR0 158 5. 'nirva] ca vikArye ca karmavadbhAva issyte| na tu prApye karmaNIti siddhAnto hi vyavasthitaH // -vai0 bhU0 kArikA 7

Page #160
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana StatusbhaTTa ne vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa meM ( pR0 108 ) kisI kAraka- parIkSA nAmaka grantha meM nirdiSTa kartRbheda kA khaNDana kiyA hai| ukta parIkSAkAra ne abhihita tathA anabhihita ina do atirikta kartRbhedoM ko svIkAra kara kartA ke kula pA~ca bheda kiye the / bhUSaNakAra ise bhrAnti batalAte haiM, kyoMki ukta tInoM bhedoM meM hI abhidhAna tathA anabhidhAna hote haiN| tInoM ke sAtha vyAvRtti na hone ke kAraNa inheM bhedAntara mAnanA asaMgata hai| 140 anyathA tInoM ke ye do-do bheda mAnane para chaha bheda ho jAyeMge / yahI nahIM, karmakAraka ke bhedoM meM bhI inheM jor3ane kA prazna upasthita hone para karma kI saptavidhatA ke sthAna para navavidhatA svIkAra karanI par3egI / ataeva sabhI doSoM se rahita kartA kA traividhya hI siddhAnta hai /

Page #161
adhyAya : 5 karma-kAraka vyutpatti kR-dhAtu ( DukRJ karaNe, tanAdi, ubhaya 0 ) se bhAvavAcaka manin-pratyaya' lagAkara niSpanna kiye gaye 'karma' ( prAti0-karman ) kA vAstavika artha kriyA hai| isI artha meM vaizeSika darzana meM yaha eka padArtha-vizeSa hai / isa prakAra yaha calanAtmaka tathA saMyogavibhAga ke anukUla hotA hai| kintu bhAvetara artha meM bhI isakA nirvacanajanya artha pravRtta huA hai, jisase darzanazAstra meM, vizeSataH AcArazAstra meM phala kI kAmanA se kiye gaye kAryoM ko 'karma' kahA gayA hai-'kriyate phalAthibhiriti karma dharmAdharmAtmakam'2 / kArya ke artha meM isa karmazabda kA tantra, haThayoga, dharmazAstra, pUrvamImAMsA, vedAnta' ityAdi zAstroM meM vibhinna prakAra se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| sarvatra isakA nirvacana hogA-'yat kriyate tatkarma' arthAt jisa para kR-dhAtu kA phala par3e, jise kiyA jAya / vyAkaraNa meM isI artha ko thor3A adhika vyApaka banAkara grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai / anya zAstra kevala kR-dhAtu se karma kA sambandha mAnate haiM aura usI meM laukika vyavahAra bhI calatA hai, kintu vyAkaraNa sabhI sakarmaka dhAtuoM tathA kucha sthitiyoM meM akarmaka dhAtuoM se bhI karma kA sambandha svIkAra karatA hai| yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki ina dhAtuoM kA bhI rUpAntaraNa 'karoti' meM ho sakatA hai| ___'bhAva' artha vAle karma-zabda ( karanA, kriyA ) kI 'kArya' artha taka kI yAtrA atyanta saMghaTita hai, donoM samanvita haiM / saMskRta ke sabhI dhAtuoM meM, cAhe ve sakarmaka hoM yA akarmaka, bhAvavAcaka pratyaya lagAkara unheM 'karoti' kriyA kA karma banAyA jA sakatA hai; yathA-dAnaM karoti ( dadAti ), adhyayanaM karoti ( adhIte), zayanaM karoti ( zete ), lajjAM karoti ( lajjate ) / isase eka ora jahA~ unakA bhAva rUpa artha 1. 'sarvadhAtubhyo manin / kriyata iti karma' -si0 ko0 uNAdi-sUtra 584 2. sarvadarzanasaMgraha, zaivadarzana, pR0 345 / 3. chaha karma-zAntikaraNa, vazIkaraNa, stambhana, vidveSaNa, uccATana, mAraNa / 4. chaha karma-dhauti, vasti, neti, naulika, trATaka, kapAlabhAti / 5. tIna karma-nitya ( sandhyA-vandanAdi), kAmya (yAgAdi ), nitya-kAmya ( ekAdazIvratAdi ) / 6. tIna karma-nitya ( jise na karane se hAni ho), naimittika ( aniyata nimittavAle - grahaNa, zrAddhAdi ), kAmya ( ashvmedhaadi)| 7. puNya-pApajanaka kArya / vividha karma-saMcita, prArambha, kriyamANa / 110

Page #162
142 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana ( dhAtvartha ) surakSita rahatA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora karmatva bhI akSuNNa rahatA hai| isI sAmaMjasya ke kAraNa karma-zabda ke prayoga meM tathAkathita bhrAnti ho jAtI hai-kahIM kriyA ke artha meM to kahIM kArya ke artha meM isake prayoga samAna lekhanI ke samAna kRti meM ho sakate haiM / kintu vAstava meM yaha bhrAnti nahIM hai--karma-zabda cAhe 'bhAve' prayukta ho yA 'karmaNi', donoM kA lakSya uparyukta prakAra se samAna hI hotA hai / svayam AcArya pANini ne karma kA lakSaNa kArya ke vyApaka artha meM vyavasthita karake bhI isake prayoga kriyArUpa artha meM bhI kiye haiM; jaise-karmavyatihAre Naca striyAm ( 3 / 3 / 43 ),' karmAdhyayane vRttam ( 4 / 4 / 63 ),2 guNavacanabrAhmaNAdibhyaH karmaNi ca (5 / 1 / 124 ), AdikarmaNi ktaH kartari ca ( 3 / 4 / 71 )4 ityAdi / kartA kA Ipsitatama pANini ke dvArA diye gaye karmalakSaNoM meM sthAna tathA mahattva kI dRSTi se prathama hai-'karturIpsitatamaM karma' ( 1 / 4 / 49 ) / kArakAdhikAra meM paThita isa sUtra meM kriyA kA prayoga na hone para bhI usakA bodha to avazya hI hogaa| ataH kriyA kI sahAyatA se kartA ko jise prApta karanA ( upalabdha yA svasambaddha karanA ) sarvAdhika abhISTa ho vaha kAraka karmasaMjJaka hai; jaise- 'kaTaM karoti' meM kaTa ( caTAI ) athavA 'grAma gacchati' meM grAma / 'Ipsitatama"zabda meM nihita Ap-dhAtu kA Azraya lekara dUsare sampradAyoM meM kartRvyApya ( hemacandra ), kriyApya ( cAndra ) yA kriyAvyApya ( supadma)jaise zabdoM kA prayoga karmalakSaNa meM kiyA gayA hai| kintu kartA yA kriyA ke dvArA karma ke vyApya hone meM koI tAttvika antara nahIM AtA / vAstava meM to karma kriyA ke 1. 'karma kriyA, vyatihAraH parasparaM karaNam' / -kAzikA 2. 'ekamanyadadhyayane karma vRttamasya ekAnyikaH / ' yasyAdhyayane niyuktasya parIkSAkAle paThataH skhalitamapapATharUpamekaM jAtaM sa ucyate ekAnyika iti' / arthAt skhalanakriyA ke artha meM karmazabda hai / -kAzikA 3. 'karmazabda: kriyAvacanaH / jaDasya bhAvaH karma vA jaaddym'--kaashikaa| yahA~ bhAva tathA kriyA meM bheda dikhalAyA jAtA hai, zabda ke pravRttinimitta ko bhAva kahA gayA hai, jisase vastu kA nAmakaraNa yA jJAna ho; kriyA ke avasthA-vizeSa ko bhAva nahIM kahA gayA hai, anyathA sUtra meM 'karmaNi' kahane kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM thii| dra0 kAzi0 5 / 1 / 118- 'bhavato'smAdabhidhAnapratyayAviti bhAvaH / zabdasya pravRttinimittaM bhAvazabdenocyate' / ( gorbhAvaH gotvam ) / 4. 'AdibhUtaH kriyAkSaNaH karma' / -kAzikA 5. Ap + san+kta / 'ApjJapyadhAmIt' ( 7 / 4 / 55 ) se Ittva; 'atra lopo'bhyAsasya' ( 7 / 4 / 58 ) se abhyAsalopa; 'matibuddhipUjArthebhyazca' ( 3 / 2 / 188) se mati ( icchA ) ke artha meM vartamAnArthaka kta-pratyaya / tamapa ( 5 / 3 / 55 ) / 'ktasya ca vartamAne' ( 2 / 3 / 67 ) se 'kartuH' meM SaSThI /

Page #163
karma-kAraka 143 dvArA hI vyApta hotA hai aura kriyA cUMki kartA meM nihita hotI hai, isalie kartA ke dvArA vyApya kaheM yA kriyA ke dvArA -- donoM sthitiyA~ samAna haiM / yaha avazya hai ki kriyA karma ko sIdhe vyApta karatI hai, kartA use kriyA ke dvArA hI vyApta karegA / isIlie kAzikAkAra ke dvArA dI gayI vRtti meM donoM kA eka sAtha prayoga huA hai / yahI nahIM, pANini-sUtra meM 'kartuH' ke prayoga kI aparihAryatA para paryApta prakAza diyA gayA hai / kriyA-zabda kA bhale hI adhyAhAra kara liyA jAya kintu kriyA kA Azraya athavA kevala gamyamAna kaha dene se kartRpada ko sevAmukta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / 'mASeSvazvaM badhnAti' meM isakA yogadAna dekhA jA sakatA hai / koI vyakti apane azva kI zarIra - puSTi ke lie use ur3ada ( mApa ) kI Dhera ke pAsa bA~dha detA hai ki ur3ada khAkara vaha puSTa ho jAye / yahA~ kartA kA Ipsitatama azva hai, jise saMjJA huI - kartA bandhana-kriyA ke dvArA azva ko vyApta karanA cAhatA hai / yadi kartA ke atirikta dUsare kAraka ke Ipsitatama ko karmasaMjJA hotI to prakRta sthala meM azva ( karma ) ke Ipsitatama 'mApa' ko bhI karmasaMjJA ho jAtI / parantu cU~ki mApa bandhanakartA kA Ipsita nahIM hai ataH use karmasaMjJA nahIM huI-- isase 'kartA' ke prayoga kI sArthakatA prakaTa hai / isa sUtra meM tamap-pratyaya ( Ipsitatama ) kA prayoga bhI kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai / yadi 'karturIpsitaM karma' itanA hI kahA jAtA to 'agnermANavakaM vArayati' isa udAharaNa meM agni ke sAtha mANavaka ko bhI apAdAna saMjJA ho jAtI / 'vAraNArthAnAmIpsita. ' (1 / 4 / 27 ) sUtra ke anusAra vAraNArthaka dhAtuoM ke prayoga meM Ipsita vastu ko apAdAnasaMjJA hotI hai / mANavaka ko jaise agni abhISTa hai usI prakAra vAraNakartA Sat mANavaka abhISTa hai, kyoMki vaha usakI rakSA cAhatA hai / isalie 'Ipsita' mAtra kahane para ukta apAdAna -sUtra kI pravRtti anivArya ho jAyagI / yadi uttara meM yaha kahA jAya ki karmasaMjJA para-sUtra meM Ane ke kAraNa apAdAna saMjJA ko roka degI, to bhI bAta banatI nahIM; kyoMki jisa prakAra mANavaka meM apAdAna ko rokakara karma prabalatara hotA hai usI prakAra agni meM bhI apAdAna bAdhita ho jAyagA / yahA~ para tamap-pratyaya kA grahaNa karane se yaha doSa miTa jAtA hai / vArtikakAra ne kahA bhI hai ki 'vAraNArthAnAmIpsitaH' sUtra meM 'karmaNaH Ipsitam ' kA artha rahane para bhI use zabdataH kahane kI AvazyakatA isalie nahIM par3atI ki karma ke lakSaNa meM pANini ne 'Ipsitatama' kA prayoga kiyA hai 2 / phalataH mANavaka kartA kA Ipsitatama rahane ke kAraNa karma hai, agni mANavaka kA Ipsita rahane se apAdAna hai / - 1. kartuH kriyayA yadAptumiSTatamaM tatkArakaM karmasaMjJam' - kAzikA, 1|4|49 punaH dra0 - ' yatkartuH kriyayA vyApyaM tatkarma parikIrtitam' - prayogaratnamAlA ( 1 / 6 / 20 ) meM puruSottama vidyAvAgIza / 2. draSTavya - mahAbhASya 2, pR0 260 /

Page #164
144 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana Ipsita tathA Ipsitatama kI vibhinnatA ke kAraNa hI 'puSpANi spRhayati' tathA 'puSpebhyaH spRhayati' ina donoM prayogoM kI upapatti hotI hai / spRha-dhAtu ke prayoga meM Ipsita vastu ko sampradAna-saMjJA hokara pichale prayoga kI siddhi hotI hai| yadi Ipsita kA prakarSa yA atizaya vivakSita ho to prathama udAharaNa meM pradarzita karmatva bhI ho sakatA hai| Ipsitatama kA pataJjali dvArA vivecana pataJjali eka rocaka udAharaNa dekara Ipsitatama kA vivecana karate haiN| pUrvapakSa meM anvaya-vyatireka se odana kI apekSA dadhi-dugdha Adi ko Ipsitatama batalAyA gayA hai ki koI kisI ko AmantraNa detA hai -mere yahA~ Apa bhojana kara liijie| Amantrita vyakti kahatA hai ki maiM abhI-abhI bhojana kara cukA huuN| AmantraNakartA punaH use bhojana kA Agraha karate hue kahatA hai ki mere yahA~ bhojana meM dahI hai, dUdha hai / taba vaha uttara detA hai -hAM, dahI-dUdha ke sAtha khA lUMgA ( dadhnA khalu bhuJjIya, payasA khalu bhujIya ) / yahA~ dUdha-dahI ko kamasaMjJA honI cAhie, kyoMki vahI bhoktA kA Ipsitatama hai, odana nahIM / AmantraNakartA ke yahA~ kevala odana kI kalpanA karake vaha khAne ko prastuta nahIM hai| dUsarI ora dUdha-dahI kA nAma sunate hI vaha bhojana ke lie prastuta ho jAtA hai / spaSTataH dUdha-dahI usakA Ipsitatama hai| parantu aisI bAta nahIM hai / vAstava meM usa vyakti ko odana hI abhISTa hai, kevala saMskAraka padArthoM meM usakA Agraha nahIM hai ( na tu guNeSvasyAnurodhaH )' / saMskAraka padArtha usI prakAra guNa ( vizeSaNa ) kA kAma karate haiM jisa prakAra sAmAnya vizeSaNa / jaise koI kahe ki maiM odana khA sakatA hU~ yadi vaha mRdu ( komala ) tathA viz. ( gIlA nahIM, asaMsakta ) ho / yahA~ vyakti kA Ipsitatama mRdu yA vizada guNa nahIM vaha khAyegA odA hI, kintu usameM apekSita guNoM kA AdhAna cAhatA hai| kaiyaTa gu / ke Adara kI asaGgati dikhalAte haiM ki yadi mRdu-mAtra Ipsita hotA to vaha vyakti paMka bhI khA letA aura yadi vizadamAtra meM Agraha rakhatA to kadAcit bAlU khAnA bhI use acchA lagatA / isase siddha hotA hai ki usakA abhISTa guNa nahIM, guNI hai| yahA~ bhI usakA uddezyamUlaka prayoga hogA- 'dadhiguNamodanaM bhuJjIya, payoguNamodanaM bhujIya' / kAzikA meM isIlie tamap-grahaNa ke pratyudAharaNa meM 'payasA odanaM bhuGkte' diyA gayA hai / Ipsitatama nahIM hone ke kAraNa payas karma-kAraka nahIM hai| vaise Ipsita to donoM hI haiM, kintu Ipsitatama odana hai|| 1. 'dadhipayasostu saMskArakatvAtkaraNabhAvaH / guNeSupakArakeSu kevaleSu nAsyAdaraH / kiM tahi ? tatsaMskRta odana ityarthaH' / ( udyota-) 'saMskArakatvenaiva tad ( dadhyAdi ) uddezyam, na tu sAkSAtphalAzrayatvenetyarthaH / anyathA dadhipayomAtrabhojanenApi kRtI syaat| -mahAbhASyapradIpa 2, pR0 261 2. 'yadi mArdavamAtre AvaraH syAtpaGkamapi bhakSayet / vizadamAtrAdare sikatA maapi|

Page #165
karma kAraka 145 kabhI-kabhI kriyA ke hI Ipsitatama ho jAne kA bhrama hotA hai| jaise 'guDaM bhakSayati' isa udAharaNa meM bhakSaNa-kriyA hI Ipsita' hai, kyoMki usa kriyA kI utpatti ke lie hI gur3a kA upAdAna ho rahA hai, na ki gur3a ke lie bhakSaNa-kriyA kA anuSThAna ho rahA hai / phalataH gur3a-zabda karma nahIM ho skegaa| kaiyaTa isa pUrvapakSa ke anusAra kriyA tathA karma ke Ipsita hone kI paristhitiyoM ke madhya spaSTa vibhAjaka-rekhA khIMcate haiM / karma vahIM Ipsita hotA hai jahA~ niSpatti ( navIna utpAdana ), saMskAra ( navIna guNAdhAna ) tathA pratipatti ( prApti ) ke rUpa meM prayukta sAdhanoM kI sahAyatA se kriyA karma ke lie upasthita hotI hai / isase bhinna sthAnoM meM pratIyamAna saMdarzanAdi kriyAoM kI apekSA se kriyA hI Ipsita hotI hai| prakRta sthala meM bhI isI prakAra gur3a-bhakSaNa kriyA Ipsita hai apane hI dvArA uThAyI gayI isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna kAtyAyana ne kiyA hai ki yahA~ isalie doSa nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki kriyA ke sAthasAtha karma bhI vyakti ko Ipsita hai| jise guDa-bhakSaNa Ipsita hai use bhakSaNa-kriyA ke dvArA gur3a bhI Ipsita hI hai| yadi karma Ipsita nahIM hotA to gur3a-bhakSaNa kA vicAra rakhanevAlA vyakti patthara khAkara bhI saMtuSTa ho jAtA, kintu aisA nahIM hotA hai / kriyA ke Ipsita hone ke dUsare udAharaNa bhI ho sakate haiN| rAjya kI sevA meM lage hue manuSya kucha-na-kucha kriyA kA hI saMpAdana karake samaya bitAte haiM, unakA kisI dravya-vizeSa meM Adara nahIM hotaa| unameM koI variSTha adhikArI apane adhInastha ko Adeza detA hai ki caTAI banAo ( kaTaM kuru ) / vaha uttara detA hai-maiM caTAI nahIM banA sakatA, kyoMki maiM pahale ghar3A lA cukA hU~ ( eka kriyA kara cukA hU~, dUsarI kriyA nahIM kruuNgaa)| spaSTataH use kriyA Ipsita hai, dravya nahIM / pataJjali isa vivAda kA samAdhAna karate haiM ki yadyapi karmacArI ko kriyA Ipsita hai kintu jo Adeza detA hai, use donoM hI Ipsita hai--karmacArI dvArA kI gayI kriyA bhI tathA usa kriyA se ApyamAna padArtha ( karma ) bhii| bhASyakAra kA Azaya yaha hai ki prayojaka ko to donoM abhISTa hai hI, kintu prayojya bhI vetanAdi-lAbha ke lie prayojaka ke mana ko apane anukUla banAye rakhanA cAhatA hai; isalie use bhI donoM hI Ipsita hai, kyoMki prayojaka ke AdezAnusAra jaba prayojya viziSTa karma se yukta kriyA kA saMpAdana karatA hai tabhI 1. 'Ipsita kA prayoga Ipsitatama ke lie huA hai| (dra0-kaiyaTa-pradIpa, pR0 262 ) 'Ipsitatamamevepsitapadena sAmAnyazabdena nirdiSTam / vizeSeSu sAmAnyasya bhaavaat| 2. 'yatra hi karmArthA kriyA niSpattisaMskArapratipattibhiH tatra karmepsitam' / ( udyota )-'niSpattiH kaTAdeH / saMskAraH, prokSaNAdinA vrIhyAdeH / pratipattirdAhAdinA hviraadeH'| -pradIpa, vahIM 3. 'yasya hi guDabhakSaNe buddhi. prasaktA bhavati nAsau loSTaM bhakSayitvA kRtI bhavati / -bhASya 2, pR0 262

Page #166
146 saMskRta vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana prayojaka ke Adeza kI pUrti ho pAtI hai / kucha loga prakArAntara se prayojya kI kriyA ke dvArA vyApya karma kI siddhi karate haiM / unake anusAra prayojaka kI apekSA rakhate hue ( usake sambandha se ) prayojya kA anIpsita padArtha bhI karma kahalAtA hai / kintu yaha dUSita mata hai, kyoMki jahA~ prayojaka kA vyApAra zabdArtha ke rUpa meM nahIM ho ( jaise - 'kaTaM karoti' meM ) vahA~ yaha mata anupayukta ho jAyegA / niSkarSa yaha nikalatA hai ki-kriyA ke sAtha karma bhI Ipsita hotA hai / donoM ke samAna rUpa se Ipsita hone kI sthiti meM bhI kriyA ko to kAraka nahIM kahA jA sakatA - usa kriyA ke dvArA vyApya hone ke kAraNa karma hI kAraka hai jisakA uparyukta lakSaNa nirvivAda hai / 1 anIpsita kA karmatva pANini eka dUsare sUtra - tathAyuktaM cAnIpsitam ' ( 1|4|50 ) ke dvArA kartA kI anIpsita vastu kI bhI karmasaMjJA mAnate haiM, yadi vaha Ipsitatama ke samAna kriyA se yukta ho / anIpsita zabda meM naJ ke prayoga ke kAraNa do arthoM kI sambhAvanA hai (1) prasajya pratiSedha - isameM kisI vastu kA vidhAna karake ( prasajya ) usakA niSedha kiyA jAtA hai / jaise- - na gacchet / isameM vidhyAtmaka artha gauNa tathA niSedha mukhya hai / anIpsita kA artha 'na Ipsita' kareM to yaha prasajyapratiSedha hogA / isake anusAra dveSya padArtha mAtra ko anIpsita kaheMge, kyoMki dveSya kA hI Ipsita se sAkSAt virodha hai ( 2 ) paryudAsa 2 -- isameM vidhyAtmaka artha pradhAna rahatA hai tathA niSedhya vastu se bhinna samasta sadRza padArthoM kA vidhAna hotA hai; jaise - abrAhmaNo gacchati ( = brAhmaNa ke sadRza koI dUsarA jAtA hai ) / tadanusAra anIpsita kA artha hai -- Ipsita se bhinna cAhe vaha dveSya ho yA udAsIna / bhASyakAra isI artha ko svIkAra karate hue 'Ipsita se bhinna' ke antargata mukhya rUpa se udAsIna kI hI karmasaMjJA mAnate haiM, jo na Ipsita hai, na anIpsita ( dveSya ) 3 | jaise - grAmAntaraM gacchan vRkSamUlAnyupasarpati / kuDyamUlAnyupasarpati ( dUsare gA~va meM jAte hue vRkSa tathA dIvAla ke nIce jAtA hai ) / vRkSamUla tathA kuDyamUla udAsIna karma haiM, kyoMki na to ye Ipsita haiM, na anIpsita hI / tathApi dveSya padArtha kI bhI karmasaMjJA bhASyakAra ko svIkAra hai, jise unhoMne isake pUrva hI pradarzita kiyA hai-- grAmAntaraM gacchan corAnpazyati, ahiM laGghayati, kaNTakAn 1. 'aprAdhAnyaM vidheyaMtra pratiSedhe pradhAnatA / prasajyapratiSedho'sau kriyayA saha yatra nav' || 2. 'prAdhAnyaM hi vidheryatra pratiSedhe'pradhAnatA / ko0, pR0584 paryudAsaH sa vijJeyo yatrottarapadena nav' // - vahIM, pR0 491 3. 'paryudAso'yam / yadanyadIpsitAt tadanIpsitamiti / anyacca evedamIpsitAd yannaivepsitaM nApyanIpsitamiti' / - bhASya 2, pR0 263 -nyA0

Page #167
karma-kAraka 147 mRdanAti / inameM cora, ahi tathA kaMTaka bhayajanaka hone ke kAraNa anIpsita arthAt dveSya haiM / Ipsitatama-sUtra ke dvArA inakI karmasaMjJA aniSTa hai, kyoMki darzanAdi-kriyA ke dvArA inheM vyApta karanA sambhava nahIM hai / dveSya tathA udAsIna paryudAsa-vyAkhyA ke antargata isa prakAra bhASyakAra ko udAsIna tathA dveSya donoM kI karmasaMjJA abhimata hai| kaiyaTa bhI isakA samarthana karate haiM ki jisa prakAra adharma, anRta ityAdi zabdoM ke uttarapadArtha ( dharma, Rta= satya ) ke pratipakSa meM sthita padArthoM kA pratipAdana paryudAsa ke kAraNa hotA hai, usI prakAra anIpsita zabda se bhI Ipsitabhinna dveSya aura udAsIna kA grahaNa hotA hai| tadanusAra paravartI AcAryoM ne anIpsita karma meM hI ina do bhedoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| dArzanika dRSTi se dveSya padArtha meM duHkha kA bhAva rahatA hai jo sAMkhyoM ke mata se rajoguNa ke udreka se vyakta hotA hai / udAsIna karma meM dUsarI ora mohasvabhAva tamoguNa ke udbhava se prakaTa hotA hai / Ipsitatama meM nizcaya hI sukhAtmakatA arthAt sattvodreka hotA hai, anyathA use prApta karane kI icchA kA udaya hI na ho' / isa prakAra sAMkhyoM ke triguNavAda kA samyaka pratiphalana karma ke ukta rUpoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| isI sUtra ke antargata pataJjali ne 'viSaM bhakSayati' vAkya meM sthita viSa ke karmatva kA vivecana kiyA hai, jo apanA eka pRthaka itihAsa rakhatA hai / viSa nizcaya hI saboM ke lie anIpsita yA dveSya hai / prANa jAne ke bhaya se koI manuSya viSa-bhakSaNa karanA nahIM cAhatA / tathApi kabhI-kabhI viSabhakSaNa abhimata ( Ipsita ) hotA hai, jisase Ipsitatama ke kAraNa hI isameM karmasaMjJA ho sakatI hai / jo vyakti duHkha kI vedanA saha nahIM sakatA vaha AgAmI kAla meM AnevAle anya duHkhoM kI vedanA kI apekSA viSabhakSaNa ko hI acchA samajhatA hai / jaise sukha ke sAdhana Ipsita ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiM vaise hI duHkhanivRtti ke sAdhana bhI Ipsita hI haiM / ukta sthiti meM viSaya meM sacamuca duHkhanivRtti kI kSamatA hai--yaha jAnakara hI vaha vyakti usakA * grahaNa karatA hai / isa prakAra viSa Ipsita karma ke udAharaNa meM AtA hai| kintu isase yaha niSkarSa nahIM nikAlanA cAhie ki pataJjali ise dveSya karma bilakula nahIM mAnate / saca to yaha hai ki anIpsita kA unhoMne yahI prathama udAharaNa diyA hai aura sarvaprathama anIpsita ko dveSya ke rUpa meM hI dekhA hai| unakA 'kasyacit' prayoga bhI isakA sAkSya hai / ukta udAharaNa meM AtmahatyA kA prasaMga hai, isI se viSa 1. (ka) 'sukhasAdhane eva loke IpsitatvaM prasiddham' / -bhASyapradIpodyota 2, pR0 263 (kha) 'tatra yatsukhahetustatsukha tmakaM sattvam, yad duHkhahetustad duHkhAtmakaM rajaH, yanmohahetustanmohAtmakaM tamaH' / ___-sAMkhyatattvakaumudI, kArikA 13 2. 'viSabhakSaNamapi kasyacid IpsitaM bhvti'| -bhASya 2, pR. 263

Page #168
148 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana kI IpsitAtmakatA dikhalAyI gayI hai| kabhI-kabhI zatra ke Adeza se vipabhakSaNa kA daNDa milatA hai| vahA~ viSaya dveSya hI rahatA hai| aise prasaMgoM meM yadi yaha jJAna ho ki kArAgAra-bandhana yA zatru dvArA dI gayI anya yAtanAoM kI apekSA viSabhakSaNa zreyaskara hai to viSa ko Ipsita karma siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai| kintu isake abhAva meM yaha mAnanA hogA ki zatru ke zakti-prayoga ke kAraNa hI koI vyakti anicchApUrvaka viSabhakSaNa kara rahA hai / taba ise dveSya mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM / bhartahari viSaM bhakSayati' Adi dveSyakarma kI vyAkhyA meM kahate haiM ki jaise zarIra ko rogI banAnevAle ahitakara padArthoM meM kartA kI icchA caMcalatAvaza ho jAtI hai tathA vaha bhojana ke siddha niyamoM kA bhI ullaMghana kara detA hai usI prakAra svAmI Adi ke bhaya se yA kisI viSama roga ke kAraNa viSAdi meM usakI pravRtti hotI hai / isa prakAra manuSya kI icchA sarvatra vivekapUrvaka hI utpanna ho, aisA koI niyama nahIM hai / kabhI-kabhI manuSya caMcalatAvaza yA anya kAraNoM se bhI kucha padArthoM kI icchA kara sakatA hai / viSa ke Ipsita hone kA bhI kAraNa bhaya hai / 'corAn pazyati' meM bhI darzana-kriyA ke dvArA cora Ipsita hI hai| hama Age calakara dekheMge ki bhartRhari tathA helArAja kA abhiryAna sabhI karmoM ko Ipsita hI siddha karane kA hai| yaha sthAna bhI usI kA aMga hai| kAzikA meM jayAditya ne anIpsita ke tIna udAharaNa diye haiM --viSa ( dveSya ), caura ( dveSya ) tathA vRkSamUla ( udAsIna ) / ye bhASya ke udAharaNa haiN| zabdakaustubha meM viSa ko chor3akara zeSa donoM udAharaNa denevAle bhaTTojidIkSita siddhAntakaumudI meM 'odanaM bhujAno viSaM bhuGkte' yaha udAharaNa bhI dete haiN| isameM odana Ipsita tathA viSa anIpsita ( dveSya ) karma hai| yahA~ TIkA karate hue tattvabodhinIkAra bhASya ke samAna hI pUrvapakSa uThAte haiM ki viSa to do kAraNoM se Ipsita ho sakatA hai --(1) vyAdhi se pIr3ita manuSya kA maraNa zreyaskara samajhakara viSa-bhakSaNa karanA tathA ( 2 ) bhrama ke kAraNa miSTAnnAdi samajhakara usameM nihita viSa kA bhakSaNa / kintu yahAM viSa Ipsita nahIM hai, kyoMki prasaMga dUsarA hai| manuSya maranA nahIM cAhatA, kintu zatru se nigRhIta hone se viSa khA letA hai ---yaha tAtparya hai / yadyapi dIkSita ke isa udAharaNa meM kevala 'viSaM bhuGkte' se hI kAma cala jAtA tathApi tathA yuktam' ( Ipsita 1. 'evaM parAdhInatayA dveSyamapi viSaM bhakSayatItyupapannaH prayogaH iti bhAvaH' / -draSTavya, udyota 2, pR0 263 2. 'ahiteSu yathA lolyAtkarturicchopajAyate / viSAdiSu bhayAdibhyastathaivAsI pravartate' // -vA0 va0 3 / 780 3. helArAja, ukta kArikA para (pR0 296 )-'lolyAditi / na prekSApUrvakAritA ghaTitA sarvatrepsA, api tu prakArAntareNApi sambhavatItyarthaH' / 4. tattvabodhinI, pR0 409 /

Page #169
karma-kAraka 149 tama ke samAna hI kriyA se yukta ) kI saMghaTanA dikhalAne ke lie tathA bhASya ke 'hi anyatkariSyAmItyanyatkaroti tadudAharaNam' isa vAkya kI saMgati ke Agraha se 'odanaM bhuJjAnaH' yaha aMza bhI jor3a diyA gayA hai / jisa prakAra bhojana- kriyA se sambaddha odana (Ipsitatama hone se ) karma hai usI prakAra usI kriyA se sambaddha viSa anIpsita karma hai / anya kArya karate hue anya kArya karane kA artha hai / 'grAmaM gacchan tRNaM spRzati' meM bhinna kriyAe~ haiM tathA tRNa anIpsita ( udAsIna ) karma hai / helArAja aise udAsIna karma ko bhI Ipsita siddha karate haiM ki ye tRNa-vRkSamUlAdi pahale se anIpsita hone para bhI usa samaya sparza-velA meM Ipsita hI haiM, nahIM to sparzana-kriyA ke viSaya nahIM ho sakate the / zrama - parihAra ke lie yA manovinoda ke lie ina tathAkathita anIpsita vastuoM ko una una kriyAoM se vyApta kiyA jAtA hai, jisase ye bhI Ipsita hI ho jAtI haiM ' / dArzanika dRSTikoNa se Ipsita tathA anIpsita kA bheda miTAne para bhI vyavahArataH pANini-tantra meM sabhI AcAryoM ne inakA bheda svIkAra kiyA hai / mukhyataH inhIM do sUtroM para karma kA vizAla prAsAda nirmita huA hai / yadyapi pANini ne anya kaI sUtroM ke dvArA bhI karmasaMjJA kA vidhAna kiyA hai ( jinheM hama yathAsthAna dekheMge ), tathApi paravartI vicAraka apanA sArA dhyAna Ipsitatama-sUtra para tathA kucha aMzoM taka anIpsita vivecana para kendrita kiye jA rahe haiM / nyAyadarzana meM karma-vivecana pichale eka adhyAya meM hama kaha cuke haiM ki karma kA sambandha dhAtvartha- phala se hotA hai / karma ko sakarmaka kriyA se sambaddha tathA usake dvArA utpAdya phala kA Azraya mAnane vAle bIja-lakSaNa para karma ke sabhI paravartI lakSaNa Azrita haiM / kriyA ke phala kI carcA pANini ne hI 'svaritatritaH kartrabhiprAye kriyAphale ' ( 1 / 3 / 72 ) sUtra meM kiyA hai, kintu vahA~ usakA laukika prayoga hai ki jisa pradhAna phala ke lie kriyA kA Arambha hotA hai; jaise svargaphala ke lie yajana - kriyA, yaha phala prAyaH AkAlika yA dUravartI hotA hai / kintu dhAtvartha - vivecana meM phala kA yaha zithilArtha tyAga kara pAribhASika artha grahaNa kiyA gayA hai / isa zAstrIya artha meM phala vaha hai jo usa dhAtu ke artha ( vyApAra ) se janya ho tathA kartRvAcaka pratyaya ke sAmIpya meM usa dhAtu ke artha ke prati vizeSaNa ho / hama jAnate haiM ki 'pacati' kriyA kA phala viklitti ( annamArdava ) hai | yaha pAkakriyA ke dvArA utpanna hone yogya hai / punaH kartRvAcaka lip pratyaya ke sAmIpya meM dhAtvarthaM kA vizeSaNa bhI yaha ho sakatI hai, jisase 'viklitti nikA (vizeSaNa) kriyA ( vizeSya )' aisA arthabodha hotA hai / yaha dhyAtavya hai ki karmavAcaka pratyaya ke sAmIpya meM phala vizeSya ho jAtA hai, vizeSaNa nahIM rahatA / 1. draSTavya - helArAja 3 / 7 / 80 para, pR0 297 / 2. pa0 la0 ma0, pR0 85 /

Page #170
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana jayantabhaTTa kI Apatti jayantabhaTTa ne nyAyamaJjarI meM karma ko kriyA ke dvArA sampAdya sAdhya ) mAnakara, use phala ke rUpa meM vyavasthita karate hue usake kArakatva kA khaNDana kiyA hai / kriyA ke dvArA vyApta kiye jAnevAle padArthoM meM iSTatama kA artha phala hI ho sakatA hai / vaha isalie kAraka nahIM hai ki kriyA-sampAdakatva dharma jo kAraka kI vizeSatA hai, usameM nahIM / koI padArtha eka hI sAtha janaka tathA janya donoM nahIM ho sakatA / spaSTataH jayanta ne karma kriyAjanya ( phala ) ke rUpa meM mAnA hai, phalAzraya nahIM - isI se yaha sArI bhrAnti utpanna huI hai / 150 puruSottama dvArA samAdhAna ThIka aisI hI zaMkA kArakacakra meM puruSottamadeva ne bhI uThAyI hai, kintu jayanta ke viparIta unhoMne usakA samAdhAna bhI kiyA hai / ve pUrvapakSa se kahate haiM ki kAraka to kriyA kA nimitta hotA hai, kintu karma svayaM kriyA ke dvArA sAdhya hai / ata: vaha sAdhana aura sAdhya donoM kaise ho sakegA ? isakI vizada vyAkhyA unhoMne kucha zlokoM kA uddharaNa dekara kI hai / uttara meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki kartA kriyA ke dvArA jise vyApta karanA ( arthAt utpanna karanA, vikRta karanA yA prApta karanA ) cAhe vahI karma hai / isalie sabhI karmoM meM svagata vyApAra to rahatA hI hai / usI vyApAra yA kriyA kI apekSA se usakA kArakatva siddha hotA hai / jo padArtha utpanna hotA hai vaha utpattikriyA ke prati kartA rahakara bAda meM karma bana jAtA hai ( kaTaM karoti = kaTamutpadya - mAnamutpAdayati ) / 'bhavati' ke prayoga meM jo kartA hai vahI 'karoti' kA prayoga hone para karma bana jAtA hai-- kaTo bhavati = kaTaM karoti ( ' bhavatyarthasya yaH kartA karoteH karma jAyate' - kArakacakra, pR0 107 ) | yadi yaha caTAI ( kaTa ) anutpattidharma vAlI hotI to kartA use utpanna nahIM kara sakatA thA / puruSottama isake anantara kahate haiM ki karma meM svagata kriyA kA kartRtva ( sampAdakatva ) avazya svIkAra karanA cAhie, anyathA 'karmavatkarmaNA tulyakriya:' ( pA0 sU0 3 / 1 / 87 ) nirarthaka ho jAyagA / isa sUtra meM kartRbhUta karma kA karmavAcya ke sadRza rUpa ( karmavadbhAva ) vihita hai; jaise - 'pacyate 1. 'kriyAsampAdakaM hi kArakamucyate / kriyAsampAdyaM tu phalaM bhavati, na kArakam / kArakaM ca kriyayA cAptumiSTatamamiti ca vipratiSiddham' / - vahI, pR0 383 2. 'nirvartya kArakaM naiva kriyA tasya hi sAdhikA / vikAryamapi bhAvena virodhAnnaiva kArakam // prApyatvAtpUvikAvasthA na sA karma budhairmatA / prApyAvasthA kriyAsAdhyA sAdhyatvAtsAdhanaM na hi // AtmalAbhe hi bhAvAnAM kArakApekSitA bhavet / labdhAtmanAM svakAryeSu pravRttiH svayameva hi' / / - kArakacakra, pR0 106

Page #171
karma-kAraka 151 odanaH svayameva' / odana ( karma ) meM yadi svagata kriyA nahIM hotI to kriyArahita hone kI sthiti meM kartA banane kI kSamatA bhI usa meM nahIM rhtii| na vaha kartA banatA, na karmavadbhAva hI upapanna hotaa| isase siddha hotA hai ki karma meM bhI svagata kriyA hotI hai, jisase prayujyamAna kriyA kI apekSA se sAdhya hote hue bhI svagata kriyA kI apekSA se vaMha sAdhaka bhI hotA hai, ataH usake kArakatva meM koI doSa nahIM / mImAMsA-darzana meM karma mImAMsA-darzana meM bhI karma ko kriyA-sAdhya mAnA gayA hai| pArthasArathimizra ne zAstradIpikA ( pR0 109 ) meM mImAMsAsUtra (2 / 1 / 12) kI vyAkhyA karate hue pANini ke uparyukta donoM sUtroM ke anurodha se sAdhyatva ko dvitIyArtha mAnA hai| zabara ne prastuta sthala meM 'saktan juhoti' ( tai0 saM0 3 / 3 / 8 / 4 ) kA uddharaNa dekara dvitIyA kA artha spaSTa kiyA hai, yadyapi isa udAharaNa meM karmatva ke sthAna meM karaNa-pariNAma karane kI bAta uThAyI gayI hai / isa viSaya meM bhaTTa tathA guru ke matoM meM bheda hai / bhATTa-sampradAya kA vivecana vyAkaraNa meM bahuta uddhRta huA hai / usake anusAra bhUta padArtha ( siddha ) ko bhavya ( sAdhya, kriyA ) ke upayoga ke lie batalAyA jAtA hai, jise bhUtabhAvyupayoga ( bhUtaM bhavyAyopayujyate ) kahate haiM / vidhi kI sarvatra pradhAnatA hone se jahA~ kahIM bhI dravya kA karma ke sAtha sambandha hotA hai dravya ko guNabhUta (gauNa) tathA karma ( kriyA ) ko pradhAnabhUta samajhA jAtA hai / 'saktUn juhoti' isa vidhivAkya meM homa pradhAnakarma tathA saktu nAmaka bhUta dravya apradhAna ( guNabhUta ) hai / hama aisA nahIM kaha sakate ki homa saktuoM ke lie hai, pratyuta saktu hI homa ke lie hai| saktu aura homa kA paraspara sambandha karAnA hI dvitIyA kA kAma hai| homa ke lie antataH upayogI ( sAdhaka ) hone ke kAraNa saktuoM meM tRtIyA vibhakti ( karaNa-kAraka ) meM vipariNAma karake 'saktubhirjuhoti' ( saktubhi:maM bhAvayet )- isa rUpa meM vAkyArtha kiyA jAtA hai / bhUtabhAvyupayoga meM bhavya se iSTa kA bodha hotA hai / dUsarI ora siddha padArtha ke antargata saMskArya dravya ko rakhA jAtA hai| jaise-vrIhInavahanti ( dhAnya kA avaghAta kare ) / isakA artha hai ki avaghAta ke dvArA vrIhiyoM kI bhAvanA karanI cAhie ( avahananena vrIhInbhAvayet ) / yaha satya hai ki vrIhi siddhapadArtha hai tathA kriyA kA sAdhana hai, tathApi usameM dvitIyA-vibhakti kA sAdhyatva artha to hai hii| ( 'saktan 1. 'smRtyA sAdhyAbhidhAyitvaM dvitIyAyAH pratIyate / karturyadIpsitaM yacca tathAyuktamanIpsitam / / tatkarma tad dvitIyArtha ityevaM pANineH smRtiH / balIyasI ca sAcArAtprayogazcAsti tAdRzaH' / --zAstradIpikA, nirNayasAgara presa, 1915, pR0 109 2. draSTavya-jaiminIyanyAyamAlAvistara ( AnandAzrama saM0 ) meM pR0 67 para donoM kA matabheda /

Page #172
152 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana juhoti meM havana-karma rahane se dUsarI sthiti hai| ) kintu yaha sAdhyatva bhAvya ke artha meM nahIM hai, isakA artha hai--saMskArya mAtra / dUsare zabdoM meM-jaise kisI vastu ko jhAr3a-poMcha dene se usameM nirmalatArUpa saMskAra A jAtA hai tathA vaha kisI dUsare sAmAnya uddezya kI siddhi meM upayukta ho sakatI hai; usI prakAra vrIhi kA avaghAta karake use saMskRta ( saMsArayukta ) kiyA jAtA hai, jisase vaha adRSTa-vizeSa kA sAdhana bana sake / saMskAra-dravya tadanusAra saktu-vidhi meM saMskArya dravya na rahane ke kAraNa isakA vibhaktivyatyaya karanA anivArya hai, jaba ki vrIhi ke saMskArya hone ke kAraNa dvitIyA ke artha meM koI asaMgati nahIM hai| isa prakAra dvitIyArtha sAdhyatva ko zaktivizeSa yA karmatvazakti ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA gayA hai / mImAMsakoM kI yaha mAnyatA hI uparyukta jayanta tathA puruSottama ke vivecanoM meM 'kriyAsAdhya karma' kA upajIvya hai, aisA anumAna hotA hai| mImAMsakoM ke isa vivecana kA saMkSipta rUpa vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa (pR0 114-5 ) tathA laghumaJjUSA ( pR0 1225-6 ) meM bhI samAviSTa hai| kintu donoM ke niSkarSoM meM antara hai / bhUSaNakAra sAdhyatva ko zaktivizeSa mAnakara bhI karmatvazakti ko vAcya samajhate haiM / asaMgati yaha hai ki karma meM dvitIyA kA niyama mAnanA tathA sAdhyatva ko dvitIyArtha svIkAra karanA-donoM nahIM cala sakatA; vaha bhI taba jaba ki 'saktun' meM karaNArthaka dvitIyA bhI sambhava hai| nAgeza isakA parihAra karate haiM ki yaha saba kucha veda meM hI hotA hai, loka meM nahIM / veda meM karmatva-zakti adRSTa-vizeSa ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM jo saMskArya dravya hotA hai, usI ke samAnAdhikaraNa hotI hai| dvitIyArtha kA yahI svarUpa hai| navyanyAya meM karmalakSaNa tathA unakI AlocanA aba hama navyanyAya ke AcAryoM ke dvArA vivecita karmatva kA nirUpaNa kareM, kyoMki navyavyAkaraNa meM pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM mata bahudhA uddhRta haiM / sAmAnya rUpa se naiyAyikoM ne karma ke sambandha meM nimnalikhita lakSaNa diye haiM (1) karaNavyApAraviSayaH karma-cUr3AmaNi-kRta nyAyasiddhAntamaJjarI kI TIkA nyAyasiddhAntadIpa meM zazadhara ne isakI sthApanA kI hai tathA nyAya ke anya granthoM meM 1. (ka) 'yadyapi vrIhayaH siddhA eva kriyAyAH sAdhanAni ca, tathApi adRSTavizeSasAdhanatvarUpasaMskAryatvamevAtra sAdhyatvaM bodhym'| -la0 ma0, pR0 1226 (kha) 'saktUnAM tu bhUtabhAvyupayogarahitatvAnna samIhitatvamasti' / -zAstradIpikA, pR0 110 2. 'teSAmayaM bhAvaH-vede karmatvazaktiH prAguktasaMskAryatvasamAnAdhikaraNava ityetAvatA tasya ( saMskAryatvasya ) dvitiiyaarthtvm'| -la0 ma0, pR0 1226 3. draSTavya-nyAyakoza, pR0 208, 213-4 /

Page #173
karma-kAraka 153 ( tattvacintAmaNi, kArakacakra ityAdi ) bhI pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM nirdiSTa hai| navyavaiyAkaraNoM ne bhI karmaviSayaka nyAyamata kA pratipAdana karate hue isakI carcA kI hai / karaNa-kAraka ke vyApAra kA viSaya hone kA artha hai ki karma-kAraka karaNa se utpanna honevAlI kriyA ke anukUla vyApAra kA viSaya hai| 'dAtreNa dhAnyaM lunAti' (ha~sue se dhAna kATatA hai ) isa udAharaNa meM dAtra karaNa hai, usase utpanna honevAlI lavana ( chedana ) kriyA ke anukUla saMyogarUpa vyApAra kA Azraya dhAnya hai, ataH vaha karma hai / kriyAnukUla vyApAra kA karaNa-janya honA anivArya hai, anyathA ukta vyApAra kA Azraya na kevala karma hI hogA, pratyuta karaNa evaM kartA ko bhI yaha saubhAgya prApta ho jAyegA / karma ke atirikta karaNa ( dAtra ) tathA kartA ina donoM meM to kriyAnukUla vyApAra rahatA hai / 'karaNajanya' vizeSaNa lagA dene se yaha ativyApti samApta ho jAyagI, kyoMki karaNajanya saMyogAdi vyApAra kevala karma meM hI rahatA hai / isa lakSaNa meM sabase pradhAna doSa yaha hai ki kisI dUsare karaNa se utpAdya kriyA vyApAra ke Azraya prastuta karaNa meM bhI ativyApta ho jAtA hai| 'dAtreNa dhAnyaM lunAti' meM chedana-kriyA ke anukUla hasta ( karaNa ) se utpAdya ( hastasaMyogarUpa ) vyApAra kA Azraya to dAtra bhI hai / use bhI karma mAnanA pdd'egaa| (2) kriyAjanyaphalazAlitvaM karmatvam - karma kA yaha lakSaNa prAcIna naiyAyikoM ke nAma se anekatra nirdiSTa hai / yadyapi bhavAnanda isakA ullekha apane kArakacakra meM nahIM karate tathApi vyutpattivAda meM gadAdhara isakA vistRta vivecana karate haiM, kintu anta meM 'iti prAcInapathapariSkAraprakAraH' kahakara isase apanI aruci pradarzita karate hue dUsare lakSaNa ko svIkArya samajhate haiM ( pR0 126-9) / vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa meM naiyAyikoM ke mata ke rUpa meM ( pR0 101 ) tathA paramala ghumaJjUSA ( pR0 176 ) meM tArkikoM ke pUrvapakSa se yaha lakSaNa uddhRta hai / navyanyAya ke kAraka-viSayaka pratinidhigrantha vyutpattivAda meM dvitIyAkAraka-prakaraNa ke prArambha meM vivecana hone ke kAraNa isa lakSaNa ko loga sabhI naiyAyikoM ke dvArA sammata lakSaNa samajhate haiN| isameM satya kA aMza itanA hI hai ki navyanyAya meM karma-vivecana kI AdhArazilA yahI hai| dhAtu kA artha vyApAra mAnate hue kriyA kA bodha bhI dhAtu se kiyA jAtA hai / ataeva dhAtvartharUpa vyApAra se utpAdya phala ( saMyogAdi ) dhAraNa karanevAle arthAt usake Azraya ko karma kahate haiM / 'odanaM pacati' ityAdi udAharaNoM meM isakA saMghaTana samyaka prakAra se ho sakatA hai| ___ gadAdhara ne isa lakSaNa kA pUrNa vizleSaNa karake prAcIna AcAryoM ke prati zraddhA 1. karaNavyApAravattvam; kArakacakra meM vyApAryatvam; kArakavAda meM vyApAritvam - isa prakAra pAThabheda bhI haiN| -pa0 la0 ma0, pR0 175 2. 'tacca dAtreNa lunAtItyAdI hastAdikaraNavyApArye dAtre'tivyAptam / --kArakacakra, pR0 19

Page #174
154 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana ke kAraNa prAyaH samarthana hI kiyA hai, kintu vaiyAkaraNoM ne nyAya kI dRSTi se hI isameM doSa dikhalAye haiM / gaMgeza kI anAsthA bhI unake dvArA lagAye gaye 'parasamaveta' ke kAraNa spaSTa hI hai| isameM bhI ativyApti-doSa hai, kyoMki 'grAmaM gacchati' meM gamana-kriyA se utpanna honevAle saMyogarUpa phala kA Azraya na kevala grAma hai pratyuta kartA meM bhI vaha saMyoga avasthita hai / saMyoga cUMki eka sambandha hai ata: donoM sambaddha padArthoM meM (kartA tathA grAma-karma meM ) samAna rUpa se Azrita hai| ata: yaha lakSaNa aise udAharaNoM meM karma ko vyApta karane ke sAtha-sAtha kartA ko bhI vyApta kara letA hai| saMyoga-rUpa phala ke donoM sambandhiyoM meM ( karma tathA kartA meM ) samAnarUpa se avasthita rahane ke kAraNa hI 'caitrazcatraM gacchati' jaise asaMgata prayoga hone lageMge / yahA~ caitra gamana-kriyA kA kartA bhI hai tathA saMyogarUpa phala kA Azraya hone se karma bhI hai| kintu vAstava meM isase kucha bhI artha nahIM nikltaa| pANini-vyAkaraNa kA Azraya lekara isa Apatti kA parihAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| grAma ke samAna caitra phalAzraya to hai ( jisase use karma mAnA gayA hai ) kintu parasUtra meM AnevAlI kartR saMjJA karmasaMjJA ko roka degii| dvitIyA vibhakti lAne meM usakI saMjJA niyAmaka hotI hai / jo kucha bhI ho, isa lakSaNa kI truTi kA parimArjana isake bAda vAle lakSaNa meM kiyA gayA hai| ( 3 ) parasamavetakriyAjanyaphalazAlitvaM karmatvam - sarvaprathama gaMgeza upAdhyAya ke dvArA pravartita tathA kArakacakra, vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa, laghumaMjUSA ityAdi graMthoM meM pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM vivecita isa lakSaNa meM pUrvalakSaNa ke doSoM kA samucita parihAra ho jAtA hai / isake anusAra karma usa kriyA se janya phala ko dhAraNa karatA hai jo ( kriyA ) kisI dUsare ( = karma se bhinna arthAt kartA ) padArtha meM samaveta ( avicchedyatayA avasthita ) ho / tadanusAra 'grAmaM gacchati' meM grAma isalie karma hai ki kriyA grAma se bhinna dUsare ( rAmAdi kartA ) meM samaveta hai| rAmAdi kartA meM karmatva kI ativyApti isalie nahIM hogI ki use ( rAmAdi kartA ko ) jo gatikriyA kA saMyogarUpa phala mila rahA hai vaha kriyA parasamaveta nahIM, pratyuta rAma meM svasamaveta hai| isase 'caitrazcatraM gacchati' ityAdi prayogoM kI Apatti kA parihAra hogaa| isa lakSaNa para bhI bahuvidha ApattiyA~ uThAyI gayI haiN| sarvaprathama bhavAnanda AkSepa karate haiM ki gam-dhAtu kA artha jo saMyogAvacchinna kriyA hai, usase janya 'vibhAga' ke rUpa meM phala prakaTa hogA / ata: 'gRhAt vanaM gacchati' aise udAharaNoM meM vibhAgarUpa phala gRha ko milane se use bhI karmasaMjJA prApta hogii| dUsare, pat-dhAtu kA artha adhaHsaMyoga se avacchinna kriyA hai, jisase vibhAgarUpa phala utpanna hotA hai| phalata: 'parvatAd bhUmi patati' meM vibhAgarUpa phala parvata ko milane se use karmasaMjJA ho jaaygii| dUsare zabdoM meM --ina donoM dhAtuoM ke prayoga meM pUrvadeza kI karmasaMjJA hone kA prasaMga A jAyagA / yadi pat-dhAtu kA akarmaka prayoga ho to 'paNaM patati bhUmau' meM phala tathA vyApAra ke ekaniSTha ( kartA meM sthita ) hone ke kAraNa uttaradeza 'bhUmi' ko bhI karma mAnane kA prasaMga A jAyagA, jo vizuddha asaMgati hai-akarmaka kriyA tathA

Page #175
karma-kAraka 155 karma kI upasthiti vyAghAta hai / punaH tyaja-dhAt kA artha vibhAgAvacchinna vyApAra aura usakA phala saMyoga hai / isake phalasvarUpa isake prayoga meM uttaradeza ko karma mAnanA par3egA, kyoMki tyAga-kriyA kA phala ( = saMyoga ) usI ko prApta hotA hai / isI prakAra spanda-dhAtu kA ( jisakA artha kriyAmAtra hai ) saMyoga tathA vibhAga donoM hI phala hai| yadi isa dhAtu kA vibhAgarUpa phala leM to pUrvadeza meM ativyApti hogI ( = pUrvadeza karma ho jAyagA ) aura yadi saMyogarUpa leM to uttaradeza ko karma kahanA par3egA / isa prakAra ativyApti kA samudAya isa lakSaNa ko parAsta kara degaa| __ itane AkSepoM se bhI bhavAnanda ko saMtoSa nhiiN| ve punaH kahate haiM ki 'tIre nadI vardhate' isa vAkya meM vRddhi kA artha hai---avayavoM kA upacaya / isa rUpa meM vidyamAna kriyA kA paramparA-sambandha se tIra-prApti ke rUpa meM phala milatA hai| saralArtha yaha hai ki nadI kI vRddhi jala kI vRddhi hai, jo dhIre-dhIre tIra taka pahu~ca rahA hai| pratyakSataH bhale hI na ho, kintu nadI ke bar3hane kA phala jala kI tIra-prApti ( nadI-tIrasaMyoga ) hI hai / ataeva avayavoM ke upacaya se. utpanna saMyogarUpa phala kA Azraya nadI kA tIra hai, jisameM uparyukta lakSaNa ke anusAra karmatva kI prasakti hogii| __ isa lakSaNa meM 'para' zabda ke artha ke viSaya meM bhI anekazaH zaMkAe~ hotI haiM / para kA sAmAnya artha hai-bhinna; tadanusAra yaha sApekSa zabda hai, kyoMki turanta prazna hogA ki kisase bhinna ? karma se yA phalAzraya se ? yadi 'karma se bhinna padArtha ( kartA ) meM samaveta vyApAra...' aisA artha leM to vicitra asaMgati hogii| eka to karma ke lakSaNa meM jaba karma ko jJAtapUrva padArtha ke rUpa meM grahaNa karate haiM to usake lakSaNa kA koI aucitya pratIta nahIM hotA--aisA karanA anyonyAzraya-doSa hai, kyoMki lakSyabhUta karmapadArtha ke bodha ke lie karma kA jJAna karake usase bhinna padArtha kA jJAna karanA hogaa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki pratipAdya vastu kA pratipAdana tadbhinnatvAbhAva kahakara karanA ucita nhiiN| apoha kI yaha prakriyA antima gati hai| ataH karma ke lakSaNa meM 'karmabhinna' zabda kA prayoga asaMgata hai| ___ aba yadi phalAzraya se bhinna ke artha meM 'para' zabda kA grahaNa karake yaha artha nikAleM ki phalAzraya se bhinna vastu meM samaveta kriyA-vyApAra se utpAdya phala ko dhAraNa karanevAlA karma hai to yaha Apatti hogI ki jisa prakAra phalAzraya se bhinnatA ke abhAva meM ( bhinna na hone ke kAraNa ) devadatta karma nahIM hai, usI prakAra grAma bhI karma nahIM 1. 'gamipatyoH pUrvasmindeze, tyajezcottarasmindeze, spandeH pUrvAparayozca krmtvprsnggaat| --kArakacakra, pR0 19 2. svasamavAyisaMyogasambandhena-sva-nadI, usake samavAyI == jalabindu, unakA saMyoga tIra ke sAtha hai| 3. "evaM 'tIre nadI vardhate' ityAdI vRddhe ravayavopacayasya paramparayA tIraprAptiphalakatvAt tajjanyaphalAzraye tIre'tivyApteH" / -kA0 ca0, pR0 20

Page #176
156 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana hI ho skegaa| donoM hI gamana-kriyA se janya saMyogarUpa phala ko dhAraNa karate haiN| isa prakAra 'parasamaveta' lagAne kA koI phala nahIM huA-pUrva lakSaNa ke doSa to raha hI gaye / nAgeza ne pUrvapakSa meM isa lakSaNa ke 'parasamaveta' aMza ke vyAkhyAna meM 'para' zabda kA artha 'dvitIyAvibhakti ke prakRtyartha se bhinna' mAnA hai| cUMki dvitIyA karma meM huI hai ataH yahAM bhI karmabhinnatA aura paratva meM koI antara nhiiN| bhale hI zabdoM kA antara pratIta hotA hai, kintu vAstava meM donoM eka haiM / bAlambhaTTa ne isakI vyAkhyA meM spaSTa kara diyA hai ki 'karma se bhinna kartA meM samaveta' yaha artha hai / (4) tatkriyAnAzrayatve sati tatkriyAjanyaphalazAlitvaM karmatvam -uparyukta paratvAsaMgati se rakSA ke lie naiyAyikoM ke dvArA svIkRta yaha karmatva-lakSaNa kAtantra-sampradAya meM bAda meM svIkRta huA hai| isake anusAra ( kartA ke samAna ) prakRta kriyA kA Azraya na rahakara, jo usa kriyA se janya phala kA Azraya hotA hai use hI karma kheNge| isa prakAra devadatta ( kartA ) jo gamana-kriyA kA saMyogarUpa phala karma ke samAna hI pA rahA hai, karma nahIM kahalA sakatA; kyoMki vaha usa gamana-kriyA kA bhI Azraya hai| karma kahalAne ke lie use kriyA kA Azraya nahIM rahanA cAhie / isa lakSaNa ke anusAra kartA kA to vAraNa ho jAtA hai, kintu anya kArakoM ko hama karma hone se nahIM roka sakate / ataeva abhI bhI lakSaNa meM ativyApti-doSa laga / hI huA hai| 'parvatAdavarohati' meM isa lakSaNa kI durbalatA prakaTa hotI hai / isameM pavaMta prastuta karmalakSaNa para bilakula kharA utaratA hai, kyoMki vaha spandanarUpa kriyA kA Azraya nahIM hai ( takriyAnAzrayatve sati ) aura kriyAjanya vibhAgarUpa phala kA Azraya bhI hai| ataH parvata ke karma hone kA prasaMga A jAyagA arthAt yaha karmalakSaNa apAdAnAdi kArakoM meM ativyApta hai| isa ativyApti ke vAraNArtha kAlApa-sampradAya vAle lakSaNa kA pariSkAra karate haiM--- 'takriyAnAzrayatve sati dhAtvarthAvacchedakIbhUtatatkriyAjanyaphalazAlitvaM krmtvm'| isameM dhAtvartha ke avacchedaka ke rUpa meM kriyAphala kA pradarzana kiyA gayA hai, jo bahuta mahattvapUrNa vizeSaNa hai| isakA pratipAdana naiyAyikoM ke agale karmalakSaNa meM huA hai / (5 ) dhAtvarthatAvacchedakaphalazAlitvaM karmatvam -bhavAnanda apane kArakacakra meM ise siddhAntapakSa kI ora se upasthita karate haiM / gadAdhara ke vyutpattivAda meM bhI yaha 1. vyA0 da0 i0, pR0 272 meM vivecita / 2. 'tatra dvitIyayA svaprakRtyarthApekSayA paratvaM bodhyte'| - la0 ma0, pR0 1222 3. 'tathA ca caitro grAmaM gacchatItyAdau caitrarUpa-grAmAnyaniSTha-kriyAjanya-dhAtvarthatAvacchedaka-saMyogarUpa-phalazAlitvAd dvitIyA' / -vahIM, kalATIkA 4. vyA0 da0 iti0, pR0 272 para uddhRta / 5. drssttvy-vhiiN| 6. kA0 ca0, pR0 20 /

Page #177
karma-kAraka 157 navya-naiyAyikoM ke siddhAnta ke rUpa meM vivecita hai| vaiyAka ra gabhUSaNa tathA maJjUSAoM meM bhI khaNDana ke lie isakA uddharaNa diyA gayA hai| pratyeka dhAtu meM kucha-na-kucha zakti avazya rahatI hai| usa zakti ko dhAtvarthatA kahate haiM, yaha dhAtu se janya upasthiti viSayaka vizeSyatA hai| use nirUpita karanevAle vyApAra ( dhAtvarthatAvacchedaka ) ko yahA~ vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM lAyA gayA hai| dhAtvartharUpa vizeSya kA vizeSaNa arthAt 'phalAmacchinna vyApAra' ke rUpa meM svIkRta dhAtvartha kA vizeSaNa phala hai / dhAtvartha ko phalAnukUla yA phalAvacchinna vyApAra ke rUpa meM svIkAra karane se dhAtvarthatAvacchedaka ke sthAna para kevala 'dhAtvartha' kahakara bhI kAma calAyA jA sakatA hai, jaisA ki nAgezabhaTTa ne laghumaMjUSA meM naiyAyikoM ke mata sthApana meM prasaMga meM unakA uddharaNa dene meM kiyA hai| isa lakSaNa se uparyukta aneka sthaloM kI ativyApti kA parihAra ho jAtA hai| Upara gam tathA pat-dhAtuoM ke prayoga meM pUrva deza meM ativyApti ( karmatva kI prasakti ) batalAyI gayI hai; isa lakSaNa ke anusAra hama kaha sakate haiM ki ina dhAtuoM kA artha kevala spandana nahIM hai, pratyuta gam-dhAtu kA phala hai-uttara-deza-saMyoga; isI meM dhAtuniSTha zakti kA nirUpaNa karanevAlI avacchedakalA avasthita hai| pat-dhAtu kA bhI tadanusAra adhodeza saMyoga hI phala hai| ataH ina dhAtuoM ke saMyogarUpa phala kA nivAsa kevala uttaradeza meM rahane ke kAraNa pUrvadeza meM ativyApti,nahIM hogii| gam aura pat kA vAcyArtha saMyogAnukUla vyApAra hai, jisameM 'saMyoga' vizeSaNa hai tathA 'vyApAra' vizeSya / ata. vyApAra meM sthita vizeSyatA kA avacchedaka vizeSaNarUpa saMyoga hI hai, vibhAga nahIM / kAraNa yaha hai ki vibhAga usa dhAtu kA vAcya nahIM hai / isI prakAra tyaj-dhAtu kA artha hai -vibhAgAnukUla vyApAra / yahA~ vyApAraniSTha vizeSyatA kA avacchedaka vibhAga hai, saMyoga nahIM; kyoMki saMyoga dhAtuvAcya ( dhAtvartha ) hai hI nhiiN| phalataH 'vRkSaM tyajati khagaH' meM uttaradeza ke karmatva kA prasaMga nahIM AtA -vibhAga kA Azraya vRkSa hai, use karma hogA hii| hama apAdAna ke prasaMga meM vivecana kareMge ki vRkSa vibhAgAzraya hone para bhI apAdAna isalie nahIM hai ki yahA~ 1. draSTavya-vyutpattivAda, pR0 130; pa0 la0 ma0, pR0 176 / la0 ma0, pR0 1222 para saMkSipta rUpa meM kucha pariSkRtiyoM ke sAtha-'yattu parasamavetakriyAjanyadhAtvarthaphalAzrayatvaM karmatvam' / 2. 'dhAtvarthatAvacchedakatvamiti / phalAvacchinnavyApArasya dhAtvarthatvamiti vAdinAM matenedam / tathA ca tanmate dhAtvarthatAvacchedakaphalazAlitvaM karmatvaM dvitIyArthaH' / -vai0 bhU0 sA0, darpaNa, pR0 141 3. 'evaM ca saMyogAnukUlavyApArasya gamipatyarthatvAt vyApAraniSThavizeSyatAyA avacchedakatvaM vizeSaNIbhUtasaMyoge evAsti, na tu vibhaage| vibhAgasya dhaatuvaacytvaabhaavaat| -pa0 la0 ma0, jyotsnA, pR0 176 12saM0

Page #178
158 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana vibhAga prakRta dhAtu ( tyaj ) kA vAcya hI hai| dhAtu kA vAcyArtha jahA~ vibhAga nahIM ho ( jaise--gam, pat Adi dhAtuoM kA ) vahIM vibhAgAzraya ko apAdAna kahate haiN| jahA~ vibhAga prakRta dhAtu kA vAcyArtha ho vahA~ apAdAna tathA karma donoM saMjJAoM kI yugapat prApti hone para 'apAdAnamuttarANi kArakANi bAdhante'2 isa paribhASA ke anusAra karma hI hogaa| pat-dhAtu ke artha meM yadi adhodezarUpa karma ko antarbhUta karake ( dhAtvarthenopasaGgrahAt ) ise akarmaka banA deM to 'parNa vRkSAd bhUmau patati' prayoga bhI saMgata hotA hai / isameM adhodeza saMyogarUpa phala ke Azraya ke rUpa meM vivakSita hai| isI prakAra isa lakSaNa ke anusAra spand tathA vRdha dhAtuoM ke dvArA phalAvacchinna vyApAra kA bodha nahIM hone se kramazaH pUrva tathA apara dezoM meM aura tIra meM karmatva kA prasaMga nahIM aataa| vastusthiti yaha hai ki ye dhAtu akarmaka haiM, sakarmaka nahIM / phalAvacchinna vyApAra kA bodha karAne para dhAtuoM ko mukhyarUpa se sakarmaka kahA jAtA hai| vaisI sthiti meM hI inake sAtha karma AtA hai, anyathA nhiiN| 'nadI tIre vardhate', 'spandate' ityAdi vyApAramAtra ke bodhaka haiM, phalAvacchinna vyApAra ke nahIM; isalie inameM dhAtu akarmaka haiM / bhavAnanda yahA~ prazna uThAte haiM ki aisI sthiti meM 'ghaTaM jAnAti' ityAdi meM jJAdhAtu to phalAvacchinna vyApAra kA bodhaka nahIM hai, taba ghaTa ko karma kaise mAnA jAya ? isakA uttara yaha hai ki jJA ( jAnAti ), dviS ( dveSTi ), iS ( icchati ), kR ( karoti ) ityAdi dhAtuoM se saviSayaka padArtha kA bodha hotA hai| ataH viSayitA ke rUpa meM vibhaktyartha ke dvArA padArtha ( nAmArtha ) kA anvaya mAnakara sakarmakatA kI vya sthA kI jA sakatI hai| kintu yahA~ gauNa sakarmakatA hotI hai / 'viSayitA ke rUpa meM vibhaktyartha' kA ullekha isalie huA hai ki kevala 'vibhaktyartha' kahane para 'AzrayatvarUpa' vibhaktyartha se nAmArtha se anvaya-bodha ho jAne para bhU Adi dhAtuoM ko bhI sakarmaka mAnanA par3atA / viSayitA rUpa vibhaktyartha ke dvArA anvaya na hone ke kAraNa yat-dhAtu ( yatate ) akarmaka hai, yadyapi uddezyatA rUpa vibhaktyartha ke dvArA ( jaise-bhojanAya yatate ) nAmArtha kA anvaya hotA hai / 'bhojanaM yatate' yaha prayoga nahIM hotA / kucha logoM kA kathana hai ki yat-dhAtu hai to sakarmaka hI, kintu jaise 'mAtuH smarati' meM 'adhIgarthadayezAM karmaNi' ( pA0 sU0 2 / 3 / 52 ) meM karma meM dvitIyA ko 1. "nanu 'vRkSaM tyajati khagaH' ityatra vRkSasya vibhAgarUpaphalAzrayatvenApAdAnatvamastviti cenna / atra hi vibhAgaH prakRtadhAtvarthaH / yatra ca vibhAgo na prakRtadhAtvarthastadvibhAgAzrayasyevApAdAnatvam, yathA 'vRkssaatpttii'tyaadau"| -pa0 la0 ma0, pR0 177 2. bhASya 2, pR0 101 / 3. pa0 la0 ma0, pR0 176 / 4. kArakacakra, pU0 20 /

Page #179
karma-kAraka 159 rokakara SaSThI hotI hai, usI prakAra 'bhojanAya yatate' meM bhI dvitIyA ke sthAna meM caturthI hotI hai' / 'parvatAdava rohati' meM jo kAlApaka suSeNa ke dvArA pUrvokta lakSaNa se parvata ke karmatva kA prasaMga Ane kI AzaMkA uThAyI gayI hai, usakA parihAra bhI yaha lakSaNa karatA hai | avarohaNa kriyA kA vAcyArtha hai - uttaradeza - saMyoga, na ki vibhAga / ukta saMyogarUpa phala pUrvadeza meM nahIM rahatA ki parvata ko karma kaheM / patana - kriyA ke samAna isake akarmakatva ( adhodezarUpa karma ke dhAtvarthaniviSTa hone para ) yA sakarmakatva ( saMyogamAtra phala vivakSita hone para ) kI vyavasthA hotI hai 2 / dvitIya lakSaNa kI AlocanA ke samaya jo 'caitrazcaitraM gacchati' ke prayoga kI Apatti dikhalAyI gayI thI, usakA parihAra yaha lakSaNa nahIM kara pAtA / bhUSaNa meM kahA gayA hai ( pR0 101 ) ki 'bhUmi prayAti vihago vijahAti mahIruham' meM karmatva kI upapatti hone ke sAtha-sAtha 'AtmAnaM tyajati' ityAdi aniSTa prayoga bhI hone lageMge / isalie prastuta lakSaNa meM 'para - samaveta' vizeSaNa lagA denA anivArya hai / cU~ki gam-dhAtu kA dhAtvarthaM phala ( saMyoga ) caitra meM hai, ataH karmatva kI Apatti ho sakatI thI / kintu caitra meM jo dhAtvarthaphala avasthita hai vaha usake svasamaveta vyApAra kA phala hai / yaha kahA jA cukA hai ki prakRtyartha se bhinna ko 'para' kahate haiM / isa prakAra 'para-samaveta' vizeSaNa karmalakSaNa kA pariSkAra karatA hai / isa lakSaNa ke anusAra 'bhUmi prayAti' meM dvitIyA vibhakti dhAraNa karane vAle bhUmi-zabda kI apekSA se hI bhinnatA dikhalAyI jAtI hai - 'bhUmi - bhinna-samaveta-bhUmivRttisaMyoga- janaka-spandAnukUlakRtimAn ' / yaha naiyAyikoM kA vAkyabodha hai / yaha nahIM kaha sakate ki jaise ubhayakarmaja saMyoga ke sthAna meM 'mallo mallaM gacchati' kA prayoga hotA hai, vaise hI 'caitrazcetraM gacchati' yA 'mallaH svaM gacchati' kA prayoga bhI sambhava ho sakegA / donoM malloM meM sthita kriyA se prathama prayoga upapanna hotA hai / eka malla se bhinna dUsare malla meM samaveta kriyA prathama malla meM sthita saMyoga ko utpanna karatI hai; arthAt yahA~ gamana-kriyA svasamaveta nahIM, parasamaveta hI hai / kintu jaba caitra yA malla ekatva saMkhyA se viziSTa hoM ( eka hI caitra yA eka hI malla ho ) to parasamavetatva kI upapatti nahIM ho sakatI / naiyAyikoM ke zabdoM meM- parasamaveta kriyA kI AzrayatA 'sva' meM bAdhita ho jAtI hai / isIlie svaM 'gacchati' ityAdi prayoga nahIM hote / yaha 1. kA0 ca0, vyAkhyA, pR0 22 / 2. vyA0 da0 i0, pR0 273 para uddhRta suSeNa kA mata 'kriyAvacchedakaM yatra phalaM kartrA vivakSitam / tadaiva karmadhAtuzca phalAnuktAvakarmakaH' // 3. 'svabhinnasamaveto yo dhAtvarthastanniSThaM yaddhAtvarthatvaM tadavacchedakIbhUta-dharmavattvaM tatkriyAkarmatvamityarthaH ' / - kA0 ca0, vyAkhyA, pR0 22

Page #180
160 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana avazya hai ki jahA~ stra yA Atman kA prayoga 'pUrNa svarUpa' ke artha meM na hokara kucha svagata bheda kA pradarzana karate hue ho, vahA~ karmatva kI apatti hotI hai; yathA--- 'AtmAnamAtmanA vetsi'' / yahA~ kartA, karma aura karaNa ke pRthak-pRthak artha kalpita haiM / isI prakAra sarvadarzanasaMgraha ke bauddha-darzana ke Arambha meM 'yadi ziMzapA vRkSatvamatipatet svAtmAnameva jahyAt' aisA prayoga hai| yahA~ AtmA kA prayoga sAmAnya dharma ke artha meM kiyA gayA hai jo zizapA se bhinna padArtha ke rUpa meM vivakSita hai / paramala ghumaJjUSAkAra naiyAyikoM ke dvArA pariSkRta isa lakSaNa meM 'parasamaveta' ke sthAna para 'vyApArAnadhikaraNatve sati' aisA vizeSaNa mAnate haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki vyApAra ( gamana-kriyA ) kA adhikaraNa hone ke kAraNa 'caitrazcaitraM gacchati' meM caitra karma nahIM ho sakatA / vaha karma tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba sambaddha vyApAra kA adhikaraNa ( Azraya ) nahIM ho tathA dhAtvarthatAvacchedaka phala bhI dhAraNa kare / naiyAyikoM ke isa antima karmalakSaNa meM nAgeza ko kaI prakAra se avyApti dikhalAyI par3atI hai / kevala gam-dhAtu ke hI prayogavAle ina tIna vAkyoM meM isa lakSaNa kI pravRtti nahIM ho pAtI, anya vAkyoM kA kyA kahanA ?--(1) 'kAzI gacchanpathi mRtaH' ( kAzI jAne ke krama meM rAste meM mara gayA )-uparyukta prakAra se gam-dhAtu kA dhAtvarthatAvacchedaka phala saMyogarUpa hotA hai| kintu jAnevAlA vyakti kAzI to pahu~ca nahIM sakA ata: ukta saMyogarUpa phala dhAraNa na kara sakane ke kAraNa kAzI ko karmasaMjJA nahIM ho skegii| ( 2 ) 'kAzIM gacchati, na prayAgam'--isa udAharaNa meM prayAga ukta saMyogarUpa phala dhAraNa nahIM kara rahA hai, ata: use bhI kama nahIM kaha sakeMge ( 3 ) 'grAma na gacchati'- isa niSedha-vAkya meM grAma ko saMyoga ke abhAva meM isI prakAra karmatva nahIM ho skegaa| lamaSA ( pR0 1222 ) meM nAgeza naiyAyikoM ke ukta mata ko ISat zabdAntara ke dvArA prakaTa karate haiM -'parasamaveta-kriyAjanyadhAtvarthaphalAzrayatvaM krmtvm'| isakA uparyukta prakAra se vizleSaNa karane ke bAda yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki kriyA kA phala dhAtu se hI jJAta ho jAtA hai, isalie dvitIyA-vibhakti yA karmapratyaya kA artha Adheyatva tathA bheda ko svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| nAgeza dvArA anUdita yaha mata prAyaH tattvadIdhitikAra raghunAtha kA hai, jisakA nirdeza bhUSaNasAradarpaNa ( pR0 142 ) meM harivallabha ne bhI kiyA hai / bhUSaNasAra kI kAzikA TIkA ( pR0 371 ) meM harirAma bhI isa mata kA spaSTa ullekha karate haiN| dvitIyArtha-viSayaka isa nyAyamata ke anusAra 1. 'zarIrAvacchinnaM kartR, antaHkaraNAvacchinnaM karaNaM, niravacchinnaM nirIhaM karma' / -pa0 la0 ma0, pR0 184 2. sarvadarzanasaMgraha, pR0 31 / 3. niSedha-vAkyoM meM vibhaktiyoM kA vicAra Upara ho cukA hai ( adhyAya-3 ) / --pa0 la0 ma0, pR0 177

Page #181
karma-kAraka 161 Adheyatva kA anvaya phala meM hai ( jisakA upayoga zAbdabodha meM hotA hai ) tathA bheda kA anvaya sAmAnAdhikaraNya-sambandha se vyApAra meM hai / bheda meM prakRtyartha to pahale ke samAna anvita hotA hai, ata: 'grAmaM gacchati caitraH' kA isa vidhi se zAbdabodha ( nyAyamata se ) hogA --'grAmAdheya-phalAnukUla-grAmabheda-samAnAdhikaraNavyApAravAn caitraH' (laghumaJjUSA, 1223 ) / bhUSaNasArakAzikA ise dUsare rUpa meM rakhatI hai- 'grAmavRtti-saMyogajanako grAmapratiyogikabhedasamAnAdhikaraNo yo vyApArastadAzrayazcaitraH' (pR0 371) / smaraNIya hai ki ye zAbdabodha nyAyamata se prathamAntArtha ko mukhya yA vizeSya rakhate hue diye gaye haiN| dvitIyArtha ke isa vizleSaNa se do kArya saralatA se parihArya haiM.--'caitrazcatraM gacchati' kI Apatti tathA 'caitro dravyaM gacchati', 'mallo mallaM gacchati', 'caitrazcatraM na gacchati' ityAdi vAkyoM kI anupapatti / prathama udAharaNa meM caitrarUpa Adheya 'bheda' kI upapatti nahIM hone se ( kyoMki donoM eka hI haiM ) karmatva kI vyavasthA nahIM hotI tathA isIlie ukta prayoga zuddha nahIM hai| hA~, usake anukaraNarUpa hone meM koI doSa nhiiN| bAda ke do udAharaNa bheda kI vyavasthA karate haiM, ataH unameM karma-pratyaya lagAne meM koI doSa nahIM ( dravya tathA malla karma haiM ) / jahA~ taka 'catrazcatraM na gacchati' isa niSedha-vAkya kA prazna hai, pUrvapakSa se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki caitra meM sthita jo 'caitra se bhinna (para ) meM samaveta kriyAjanya saMyoga' kA utpAdaka vyApAra hai vaha prasiddha yA bodhya nahIM / ataH isa vAkya ko prAmANyakoTi meM nahIM rakhA jA sktaa| kintu isakA uttara yaha hai ki naJ ke sAtha jahA~ dhAtvarthavyApAra kA kathana huA hai vahA~ 'caitra caitra se bhinna hai' aisI pratIti nahIM hotI / ise svIkAra kara lene se doSa nahIM hogaa| abhAvamukha se karmapravRtti hotI hai tathA zAbdabodha bhI sambhava hai / 'caitraztratraM na gacchati' meM caitrastha bheda-pratiyogitva avacchedaka nahIM hai, aisI pratItimAtra hotI hai, jaba ki 'maitrazcatraM na gacchati' meM isakI prasiddhi hI hai| laghumaJjUSA isa pariSkRta karmalakSaNa (dvitIyArtha-nirUpaNa ) kA pratyAkhyAna karatI hai / 'caitrazcaitraM gacchati' meM caitra kI karmatvApatti kA vAraNa to para-sUtra dvArA 1. 'tatra kriyAphalasya dhAtunaiva lAbhAdAdheyatvaM bhedazca dvitiiyaarthH| tatra phale AdyAnvayo'ntyasya sAmAnAdhikaraNyena vyaapaare'| -la0 ma0, pR0 1223 2. 'tahi kriyAnvayibhedapratiyogitAvacchedakatvaM dvitIyArthaH / bhede prakRtyarthasya AdheyatayA'nvayAna puurvoktaapttynuppttii'| -bhU0 sA0 darpaNa, pR0 142 3. "nasamabhivyAhAre dhAtvarthavyApAre caitravRttibhedapratiyogitAvacchedakatvAbhAvasya bhAnopagamenAdoSAt / "evaM ca 'caitrazcatraM na gacchati' ityataH caitravRttibheda-pratiyogitAvacchedakatvAbhAvavAn yaH caitravRttisaMyogAnukUlo vyApArastajjanakakRtimAMzcatra iti bodha ityaahuH"| --pa0 la0 ma0, jyotsnA, pR0 177

Page #182
162 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana vihita kartasaMjJA hI kara degI, ataH bheda meM zakti kI kalpanA karanA vyartha bAta bar3hAnA hai / nAgeza kahate haiM ki yadi hama 'dvitIyArtha meM vartamAna bheda kI pratiyogitA ke avacchedaka' vyApAra ko 'dvitIyArtharUpa Adheyatva se anvita' phala kA hetu mAne arthAt ukta rUpa se viziSTa vyApAra tathA phala ke bIca kAryakAraNabhAva svIkAra kareM to bheda ko zakti mAnane kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM rahe / phala se anvaya kiye jAne ke Agraha se naiyAyika loga bhI Avazyaka kAryakAraNabhAva meM ukta rUpa se viziSTa vyApAra kA samAveza karate hI haiM, ataH kalpanA-gaurava kA doSa unake sira bhI pdd'egaa| isake atirikta naiyAyika bheda-zakti mAnakara sAmAnAdhikaraNya ke bala para ukta phala-prakAraka bodha ke lie dhAtujanya vyApAropasthiti ko kAraNa mAnate haiN| isase unako hamAre kAryakAraNabhAva ke atirikta eka dUsarA kAryakAraNabhAva mAnanA par3atA hai jo bhedazakti (kAraNa ) tathA vyApAra ( kArya ) ke madhya sambandha rakhatA hai| spaSTa hai ki unakA kalpanAgaurava-doSa atyanta sudRr3ha hai| 'caitramaitrau parasparaM gacchataH' meM ukta nyAyamata tathA nAgeza ke vicAroM meM samatA hai| naiyAyika jisa prakAra caitra aura maMtra kA paraspara-padArtha meM bheda svIkAra karate haiM nAgeza bhI usI prakAra paraspara-padArtha meM savyApAra bheda kI sattA mAnate haiN| paraspara zabda donoM kA pratinidhi hai / 'caitro maitraM gacchati' tathA 'maitrazcaitraM gacchati' ina donoM kA saMyuktarUpa ukta vAkya meM AtA hai| yahA~ dvitIyAntArtha meM vartamAna anyonyAbhAva kI pratiyogitA kA avacchedaka vyApAra hai, jise saMkSepa meM bheda kahA jA sakatA hai| nAgeza ko nyAyamata meM anya asaMgatiyA~ bhI dikhalAyI par3atI haiM; jaise-'ghaTaM jAnAti' meM dvitIyA na ho sakanA / ukta prakAra se karmatva kI sattA yahA~ nahIM hai, kyoMki saviSayaka dhAtu meM vaha lakSaNa aprApta hai| AdheyatA tathA bheda ko dvitIyArtha mAnane se 'ghaTAdheyaphalAnukUla-ghaTabheda-samAnAdhikaraNa-vyApAravAn' aisA bodha hogA, jisameM spaSTa asaMgati hai| naiyAyika kaha sakate haiM ki jaba zakti se kAma nahIM calatA taba viSayatva meM lakSaNA mAna leN| kintu yaha bhI nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki jaba 'karma meM hI dvitIyA hai' isa prakAra ke niyamoM kI sthiti hai taba karma se anya dazA meM zakti se yA lakSaNA mAnane se bhI sAdhutva kI vyavasthA nahIM hogii| isI kAraNa prAcInoM kI prasiddha ukti hai ki sup kI vibhakti meM lakSaNA nahIM calatI / 'vaikuNThamadhitiSThati' ityAdi vAkyoM meM sthita vaikuNThAdi zabda kisI bhI sthiti meM ukta lakSaNa se vyAkhyeya 1. 'tanna, parayA kartasaMjJayA bAdhena tatprayogApatterasambhavena bhede zaktikalpanasya vyrthtvaat| -la0 ma0, pR0 1224 2. 'kiJca dvitIyAdhiyatvAnvitaphalaprakAraka-bodhaM prati dvitIyAntArthavRttibhedapratiyogitAvacchedakavyApAropasthiterhetutvakalpanena tadvAraNAt' / -vahI 3. la0 ma0, kalATIkA, pR0 1224 / 4. la0 ma0, pR0 1225 /

Page #183
karma-kAraka 163 nahIM / vAstava meM yahI kahanA saMgata hai ki karmasaMjJA hI ina zabdoM kA niyamana karatI hai, bheda ko dvitIyA-zakti kyoM svIkAra kiyA jAya' ? navyavyAkaraNa tathA karmalakSaNa : dIkSita, kauNDabhaTTa tathA nAgeza navyanyAya ke samAna hI navya-vyAkaraNa meM bhI karmalakSaNa kA kramazaH pariSkAra dikhalAyI par3atA hai / pratyeka vaiyAkaraNa apanA svatantra lakSaNa dete hue naiyAyikoM kA khaNDana karanA apanA parama kartavya samajhate haiM / isakI pariNati nAgeza kI laghumaJjUSA (1) bhaTTojidIkSita zabdakaustubha ( pR0 128-30, khaNDa 2 ) meM nyAyazAstrAnumodita prakriyA kA zrIgaNeza karate haiM / 'karturIpsitatamaM karma' ( pA0 1 / 4 / 49 ) kI vRtti dekara ve kahate haiM ki jisa vyApAra kA Azraya hone ke kAraNa vaha kartA hai usI vyApAra ke dvArA sambaddha karane ke lie ( Aptum ) jo iSTatama ho vahI karma hai| tadanusAra kriyAphala dhAraNa karanevAle ko karma kahate haiM ( tena kriyAphalazAlitvaM paryavasyati ) / phala kI icchA ke anantara icchA kA viSaya kriyA hotI hai aura phala isa prakAra iSTatama hotA hai| isa phala kA grahaNa cUMki dhAtu ke mAdhyama se hotA hai ataH dhAtu se viziSTa hokara jo icchA kA viSaya ho vaha karma hai-aisI vyAkhyA kI jAnI cAhie / Ipsitatama tathA anIpsita donoM sUtroM kA saMyukta pariNAma hai ki dhAtu ke dvArA upAtta ( upasthApya yA upasthita karAye jAne ke yogya ) phala kA AdhAramAtra karma kA artha hai / nAgeza ne jo nyAyamata (pUrvapakSa ) meM Adheya tathA bheda ke dvitIyArtha mAne jAne kI carcA kI hai-unameM Adheya ko dIkSita bhI svIkAra karate haiM tathA phala meM usakA anvaya abheda ( samAnAdhikaraNa ) sambandha se pUrvavat mAnate haiM 3 / zabdArtha vahI hai jo upAtta zabda ke dvArA upasthita karAyA jAya / 'grAmaM gacchati' meM sthita grAma-zabda kA dvitIyArtha Adheya mAnane para 'grAmAdheya-samAnAdhikaraNaphalAnukalavyApAra' aisA bodha hogA, jisameM grAma meM dvitIyArtha Adheyatva hai aura abheda-sambandha se phala meM anvita hai| dIkSita eka anya prazna uThAte haiM ki jaba dhAtu se upasthApita hone yogya phala kA Azraya hI karma hai taba isI lakSaNa ko pANini ne kyoM nahIM svIkAra kiyA? 1. 'saMjJAyA eva tanniyAmakatve tu kiM bhedanivezena' ? -vahIM 2. 'kriyA hi phalecchApUrvakecchAviSayaH / phalameva tviSTatamam / tacca dhAtunopAttamiti tadviziSTatvenecchAviSayo'tra saMjJI' / -za0 ko0 2, pR0 128 . 3. "Adheyameva vaa| taccAbhedena phale'nveti / 'ananyalabhyaH zabdArtha' iti nyaayaat"| - vahIM, pR. 129 tulanIya ( la0 ma0, pR0 1223 )- 'AdheyatvaM bhedazca dvitIyArthaH / tatra phale AdyAnvayaH / antyasya sAmAnAdhikaraNyena vyaapaare'| 4. draSTavya-za0 ko0 pR0 129 tathA tattvabodhinI pR0 409 /

Page #184
164 saMskRta - vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana anIpsita tathA Ipsitatama ke do sUtra likhane kA kyA prayojana hai ? isakA uttara ve svayaM dete haiM ki 'agnermANavakaM vArayati' meM 'vAraNArthAnAmIpsitaH' ( pA0 1/4/27 ) se mANavaka ko apAdAna saMjJA prApta hai, kyoMki vAraNa karanevAle ke lie vahI Ipsita hai / ise rokane ke lie Ipsitatama-sUtra denA Avazyaka hai / jaba isakA kathana ho gayA hai taba dveSya tathA udAsIna ke saMkalanArthaM ' tathAyuktaM cAnIpsitam ' sUtra bhI denA hI cAhie / phira bhI dIkSita ko isa sUtra meM anIpsita-zabda vyartha lagatA hai, kyoMki ' tathAyuktam' kahane se hI Ipsitatama se bhinna dveSya aura udAsIna karmoM kA saMkalana ho jAtA | tattvabodhinIkAra 'anIpsita' ko spaSTa bodha ke lie mAnate haiM / ( 2 ) koNDabhaTTa bhaTTojidIkSita kI kArikA ke anusAra dvitIyA, tRtIyA aura saptamI kA artha Azraya mAnate hue Ipsitatama sUtra se niSpanna karma kA artha 'dhAtu se upAtta phala kA Azraya' svIkAra karate haiM / tAtparya yaha hai ki kriyA se utpanna hone bAle phala ko dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa karma hI kartA ke lie Ipsitatama hotA hai / usa phala ko vyApta karane para hI kartA kI icchA kI nivRtti ( pUrti ) ho sakatI hai / isa prakAra dhAtuphala ke Azraya meM karmatva kI vyavasthA hotI evaM ca phalAzrayaH karma ) | yaha satya hai ki dvitIyA ke atirikta bhI kaI vibhaktiyoM kA artha Azraya mAnA jAtA hai, kintu phala kA Azraya kevala karmakAraka vAlI dvitIyA vibhakti hI hotI hai, anya vibhaktiyA~ nahIM; ataH dvitIyA kA Azrayatva artha phalAzrayatva ke rUpa meM paryavasita hokara una vibhaktiyoM kA vAraNa karatA hai / aba prazna hai ki 'phalAzraya' zabda meM jo phala kA aMza vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM lagAyA gayA hai vaha dhAtu se bhinna kisI dUsare kAraNa se to upalabdha hotA nahIM / vaha kriyA kA phala hai, ataH prakRta dhAtu se hI labhya hai / dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM ki phala kA aMza ( vizeSaNa ) ananyalabhya hai-usakA dhAtu se kabhI vyabhicAra ( pRthakkaraNa ) nahIM hotA, ataH isa vizeSaNa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, yaha vyartha hai / hama dhAtuphalAzraya kaheM yA kevala Azraya kaheM - koI antara nahIM AyegA / kArakAdhikAra meM dhAtu kA bodha to hogA hI / phalasvarUpa Azraya ko dvitIyArtha athavA karma kahane meM koI Apatti nahIM / uparyukta prakAra se karmatva kI vyavasthA to naiyAyikoM ne bhI kI hai / hama unake sAtha honevAlI kaThinAI dekha cuke haiM ki 'caitro grAmaM gacchati' meM grAmasaMyoga ke rUpa meM phala prApta hotA hai / usakA Azraya jahA~ eka ora grAma hai to dUsarI ora caitra bhI hai; to caitra ko bhI karma kaha sakate haiM kyA ? isa Apatti kI bhUSaNakAra gajanimIlikAnyAya se upekSA nahIM kara sakate / ataH unheM kahanA par3atA hai ki kriyA kA phalAzrayatvamAtra dvitIyA vibhakti kA prayojaka nahIM hai, pratyuta kartA Adi dUsarI saMjJAoM ke abhAva 1. 'anIpsitagrahaNaM spaSTapratipattyartham / tathAyuktamityasyArambhAdeveSTasiddheH' / - tattvabodhinI, pR0 409

Page #185
karma-kAraka 165 se viziSTa sthiti meM utpanna honevAlI karmasaMjJA hI dvitIyA ko janma de sakatI hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki ukta sthiti meM caitra ke karmatva ke vAraNa ke lie naiyAyikoM ko 'parasamaveta' jaisA vizeSaNa lagAnA par3atA hai, kintu pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM parasUtra meM Ane vAlI kartRsaMjJA hI karmasaMjJA kA vAraNa kara degI / ' AkaDArAdekA saMjJA' ( pA0 1 / 4 / 1 ) ke anusAra kArakAdi ke adhikAroM meM eka hI saMjJA eka bAra meM ho sakatI hai -- do saMjJAoM kI yugapatprApti sambhava nahIM hai / samAna zabdoM kA pRthak prayoga karake unameM vibhinna kArakoM kI vyavasthA kI jA sakatI hai, yadi unake avacchedaka ( viziSTa artha meM niyamana karanevAle tattva ) bhI bhinna hoM / isIlie 'AtmAnamAtmanA hanti' meM zarIrarUpa avacchedaka mAnakara karmasaMjJA tathA manorUpa avacchedaka mAnakara karaNasaMjJA kI vyavasthA karate hue eka hI 'Atman' ko vibhinna rUpoM meM liyA jA sakatA hai / kucha udAharaNoM ke dvArA karma kI phalAzrayatA kA bodha ho sakatA hai / 'odanaM pacati' meM dhAtu kA phala hai - viklitti ( anna kI komalatA ) | yaha viklitti odana meM hai, ataH vaha karma hai / 'ghaTaM karoti' meM dhAtu-phala utpatti hai, isakA Azraya ghaTa hai / dhAtu ke dvArA phala aura vyApAra donoM hI upAtta hote haiM, kintu vyApAra kA Azraya to kartA hotA hai / kartA ke adhikAra kSetra meM cUMki karma nahIM A sakatA, ataH karmasaMjJA upapanna karane ke lie vyApArAzrayarUpa kartRtva kA anavakAza honA Avazyaka hai, anyathA paravartinI kartRsaMjJA karma ko sAvakAza (, labdhaprasara ) hone nahIM degI / 'ghaTaM jAnAti' isa vAkya meM jJA-dhAtu kA phala hai - AvaraNa ( ajJAna ) kA nAza, jisakA Azraya ghaTa hai; ataH vaha karma hai / AvaraNa bhaMga ke rUpa meM dhAtvartha- phala mAnane para kaThinAI bhI hai / vaha yaha ki vartamAna kAla meM honevAle jJAna meM to ghaTa ke AvaraNa kA nAza sambhava hai, kintu atIta tathA anAgata kAla vAle jJAna kI dazA meM yaha kaise sambhava hai ? ghaTa kI utpatti ke pUrva yA nAza ke anantara jo ghaTa kI parokSatA rahatI hai vahA~ AvaraNa bhaMga kA prazna nahIM uThatA, taba vaisI sthiti meM 'yathApUrvaM ghaTaM jAnAti' kA prayoga kaise ho sakatA hai ? isakA samAdhAna naiyAyikoM tathA sAMkhyoM ne kiyA hai / naiyAyikoM ke anusAra atItAdi kAloM meM AzrayatA kI upapatti viSayasambandha mAnakara kI jAtI hai / ghaTa cUMki jJAna kA viSaya hai ataH usI sambandha se AvaraNa- bhaMgarUpa phala kA Azraya hotA hai / vaha bhUtakAla meM ho yA bhaviSyat meMviSayatA kI vRtti sarvatra hai / dUsarA upAya satkAryavAda kA hai, jisameM yaha kahA gayA - 1. 'na hyetadeva dvitIyAprayojakaM kintu saMjJAntarAbhAvaviziSTe jAyamAnA karmasaMjJaiva / iha ca parayA kartRsaMjJayA bAdhena karmasaMjJAyA apravRtterna dvitIyA' / - vai0 0 bhU0 pR0 99 dhAtUpAttavyApAravattvarUpa kartRtvavirahiNo 2. 'karmasaMjJAyAstu ghaTaM karotItyAdI ghaTAdereva viSayatvAnnAvakAzatA' | - vaM0 bhU0, pR0 99 3. 'atItAdAvapi jJAnAderviSayatAsambandhena vRttisvIkAre ca tadvadevAvaraNatadbhaGgayorapi vRttiH suvacaiveti satkAryavAdAnAlambe'pyadoSAcceti' / - vahIM

Page #186
166 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana hai ki ghaTa ke naSTa hone para yA usakI utpatti ke pUrva bhI sUkSmarUpa meM ghaTa kI sthiti rahatI hI hai| ataH viSayatA-sambandha ke binA bhI atItakAlika yA anAgata ghaTa ( sUkSmarUpa meM sthita ) meM AvaraNa-bhaMga kI upapatti ho sakatI hai| vAkyapadIyakAra isI mata ke samarthaka pratIta hote haiM, jinakI yaha kArikA bhUSaNa ke donoM saMskaraNoM meM uddhRta hai "tirobhAvAbhyupagame bhAvAnAM saiva naastitaa| landhakrame tirobhAve nazyatIti pratIyate // -vA0 pa0 3 / 1 / 38 arthAt bhAvapadArtha kA jaba tirobhAva ( sUkSma rUpa meM avasthAna ) svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai taba hama kahate haiM ki vaha naSTa ho gayA, nahIM hai| ataH tirobhAva, nAza yA sUkSmarUpa meM sattA--ye sabhI paryAya haiM; saMjJA-zabdoM se usI eka sthiti kA bodha hotA hai / dUsarI ora jaba vahI tirobhAva pUrvAparIbhUta krama se vibhinna sAdhanoM ke samparka ke kAraNa prakrAnta rahatA hai taba hama 'nazyati' isa AkhyAta-pada kA prayoga karate haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki vastu kA vinAza usake uccheda yA sattAbhaMga kA bodhaka nahIM hai pratyuta usameM tirobhAva ( sUkSma sthiti ) nihita hai / yahI bAta utpatti ke viSaya meM bhI hai, jisakA artha sarvathA navIna utpAdana (yA asat kA sat ke rUpa meM pariNamana ) nahIM, pratyuta sUkSma rUpa meM sthita padArtha kI sthUlarUpa meM abhivyakti ( AvirbhAva ) hI hai / vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa meM isa vyAkhyA se aruci pradarzita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki vAstava meM 'jAnAti, icchati, dveSTi, sandegdhi' ityAdi kriyAoM ke anurodha se inameM jJAna, icchA Adi ( phala ) ke anukUla vyApAra hI dhAtvartha hai / yaha vyApAra jJAna ko utpanna karane vAle mana aura cakSuHsaMyoga Adi ke rUpa meM hotA hai| isIlie 'mano jAnAti', 'cakSuH pazyati' ityAdi prayoga saMgata hote haiM, jinameM mana, cakSu Adi ko vyApArAzraya dikhalAkara kartA-kAraka kI vyavasthA kI gayI hai| 'icchati' Adi meM icchAdi ke anukUla jJAnAdi vyApAra tathA icchAdi phala hai| isa prakAra icchA, jJAnAdi phaloM kA Azraya hone se ghaTAdi ko karma kahA jA sakatA hai / sAtha hI upayukta dhAtuoM kI sakarmakatA bhI siddha hotI hai| . ( 3 ) nAgezabhaTTa apane laghuzabdenduzekhara, paramalaghumaJjUSA ( zekharavat ) tathA 1. "sattava tirobhUtA svakAraNeSu zaktirUpatayAvasthitA vastUnAM nAzaH, na tu nirupAkhyo'sau / samasteSu ca bhAveSu tirobhUteSUpasaMhRtakrama: siddharUpa: 'tirobhAvaH nAzaH' ityaadinaampdprtyaayyH"| -helArAja 3, pR0 45 2. tulanIya ( sAMkhyatattvakaumudI, kA0 9)-"yathA hi kUrmasyAGgAni kUrmazarIre nivizamAnAni 'tirobhavanti' nissaranti ca 'Avirbhavanti' ...... mRdaH suvarNasya vA ghaTamukuTAdayo vizeSA nissarantaH Avirbhavanta 'utpadyante' ityucyante, nivizamAnAstirobhavanto 'vinazyanti' ityucyante' / 3. 'IpsitatamatvaM ca prakRtadhAtvarthapradhAnIbhUtavyApAraprayojyaprakRtadhAtvarthaphalAzrayakhenoddezyatvam / -la0 za0 ze0, pR0 403

Page #187
karma-kAraka 167 laghumaJjUSA' meM prAyaH eka samAna hI karmatva kA pariSkAra karate haiM / unake anusAra karmakAraka prastuta dhAtu ke arthabhUta pradhAna vyApAra se prayojya ( sAkSAt yA paramparayA utpAdya ) prastuta dhAtu ke arthabhUta phala ke Azraya ke rUpa meM kartA kA uddezya ( arthAt icchA kA viSaya, vizeSataH vizeSya ) hotA hai / yaha karmalakSaNa meM Ipsitatama kA pariSkAra hai, anya sUtroM ke karma kA nahIM / ise spaSTa karane ke lie eka udAharaNa kI sahAyatA leM / 'kulAlo ghaTaM karoti' isa vAkya meM prastuta dhAtu hai 'kR' ( karanA ) | usakA arthabhUta pradhAnavyApAra hai -- utpattyanukUla vyApAra / isa pradhAnIbhUta vyApAra ke dvArA prayojya utpatti hai, jo prastuta dhAtu ke artha kA phala hai / utpattirUpa phala kA Azraya ghaTa ho - isa prakAra kartA kI icchA hotI hai / isa icchA kA viSaya ghaTa hai, ataH vaha karma hai / viSayatA eka vyApaka zabda hai, jisake tIna rUpa hote haiM-- prakAratA, vizeSyatA tathA saMsargatA; 2 ataH yaha spaSTa karanA Avazyaka hai ki inameM kisa rUpa kI viSayatA ghaTa aura icchA ke bIca hai ? uttara hai ki ghaTa icchA kA vizeSya hai / kartA ( kulAla ) kA uddezya hai ki ghaTa utpatti kA Azraya bane / kulAla kI isa icchA kA vizeSyarUpa viSaya ghaTa hai, ataH vaha karma hai / 1 vyAkhyAkAroM ne isa lakSaNa meM Aye hue 'phalAzrayatva' kA vizeSarUpa se pariSkAra kiyA hai ( draSTavya - jyotsnA 171 ) / unakA kathana hai ki kisI vastu ko phalAzraya hone ke lie phalatAvacchedaka sambandha se yukta honA Avazyaka hai / isameM punarukti nahIM hai / jisa sambandha se phala kA Azraya meM rahanA abhISTa ho use phalatAvacchedaka sambandha kahate haiM / yaha dhAtubheda se svayaM bhI bhinna-bhinna prakAra kA hotA hai / do udAharaNoM se isakA nidarzana kara sakate haiM / 'grAmaM gacchati' isa vAkya meM 'anuyogitva se viziSTa samavAya' ke rUpa meM yaha sambandha hai / ' isI sambandha ke kAraNa grAma saMyogAzraya ho' - isa AkAra kI hamArI icchA se sambandha phala meM nihita viSayatArUpa avacchedakatA samavAya meM hI hai; ata: isa ( samavAya ) sambandha se hI phalAzraya ko karma huA hai, kAlika Adi sambandhoM se nahIM / kAraNa yaha hai ki ina sambandhoM meM phalatAvacchedakatA kI sthiti nahIM hotI / isa vizleSaNa se eka mahattvapUrNa kArya yaha hotA hai ki saMyoga do padArthoM meM sthita hone ke kAraNa ( dviSThatvAt ) samavAyarUpa se grAma ke samAna hI caitra meM bhI raha sakatA hai, tathApi 'caitro grAmaM gacchati' ke samAna 'caitraH svayaM gacchati' aisA prayoga sambhava nahIM / yaha satya hai ki caitra meM bhI samavAya- sambandha se phala ( saMyoga ) sthita hai, kintu Upara pariSkAra kara cuke haiM ki isa vAkya meM anuyogitva - viziSTa samavAya se phalatAvacchedaka sambandha hai, jo caitra meM sambhava nahIM / 1. " tatra 'karturIpsitamaM karmeti sUtrabodhitaM karmatvaM kartRgataprakRtadhAtvarthavyApAraprayojyavyApAravyadhikaraNaphalAzrayatvena karturuddezyatvam" / - la0 ma0, pR0 1201 2. 'iyaM viSayatA trividhA -- vizeSyatA, prakAratA saMsargatA ceti / yathAyaM ghaTaH iti pratyakSe ghaTatve prakAratA, idamarthe vizeSyatA, samavAyAdo sambandhe ca saMsargatA' / - nyA0 ko 0, pR0 791

Page #188
168 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana 'grAmaM tyajati'-isa vAkya meM 'pratiyogitva se viziSTa' samavAya ke rUpa meM phalatAvacchedaka sambandha hai / isa sambandha meM grAma vibhAgAzraya ho---kartA kI isa icchA se sambaddha phala meM nihita viSayatA ( =vizeSyatArUpa ) kI avacchedakatA samavAya meM hai| dUsare zabdoM meM vibhAga kA pratiyogI grAma hai, vaha karma hai| yaha smaraNIya hai ki vibhAgAvacchinna vyApAra ke vAcaka dhAtuoM ke prayoga meM ( jaise- tyaj ) pratiyogitva se viziSTa samavAya sambandha se hI phalAzraya se rUpa meM uddiSTa padArtha kI karmasaMjJA hotI hai, anyathA nhiiN| 'grAmaM tyajati' meM ukta sambandha hai, kintu 'grAmAd vibhajate' meM nahIM / isameM anuyogitva-viziSTa samavAya kI sattA hai / isIlie 'grAmaM vibhajati' prayoga nahIM hotA / vitaraNArthaka vibhajana-kriyA ke prayoga meM ho sakatA hai, kintu vaha sthiti hI bhinna hai| ___ aba nAgeza ke zabdoM meM hI unake karmalakSaNa kA vizleSaNa dekheM / unhoMne 'prakRta' vizeSaNa kA prayoga eka ora to dhAtvartha ke pradhAnabhUta vyApAra ke lie kiyA hai aura dUsarI ora dhAtvarthaphala ke lie kiyA hai / donoM kI paristhitiyA~ bhinna haiM, jisase phalabheda bhI hotA hai / pahalI sthiti meM lagAye gaye 'prakRta' vizeSaNa kA phala hai ki mASa ke kheta meM pahu~ce hue azva ko koI vyakti 'mASanAza na ho' isa uddezya se alaga bAMdha detA hai to isa artha meM prayukta honevAle 'mASeSvazvaM badhnAti' vAkya meM mASa kA karmatva vArita hotA hai / punaH vyApAra meM 'prAdhAnya' vizeSaNa lagAne se 'agnermANavaka vArayati' meM mANavaka meM karmatva kI avyApti nahIM ho paatii| prakRta zabda kA dUsarI sthiti meM yaha upayoga hai ki jaba azva kI puSTi ke lie mASa ke kheta meM use bA~dhane ke artha meM 'mASeSvazvaM badhnAti' kA prayoga kiyA jAya taba bhI mASa meM karmatva kI ativyApti na ho / bandhana-kriyA se utpanna honevAle galastha rajju ke adhaHsaMyoga rUpa phala kA AkSaya to mASa nissandeha hai, kintu ukta adhaHsaMyoga bandhana-kriyA kA prakRtArtha hai hI nhiiN| __'gAM payo dogdhi' kA udAharaNa dete hue nAgeza kahate haiM ki payasa meM sthita jo vibhAga hai usake anukUla vyApAra gau meM hai ( vibhAgAnukUla-vyApAro govRttiH ) / isa vyApAra ke anukUla ( janaka ) vyApAra kI sthiti gopa meM hai.| yaha gopa duha-dhAtu kA kartA hai / isase spaSTa hai ki duha-dhAtu kA artha 'vibhAga ke anukUla ( janaka ) vyApAra ke anukUla vyApAra' hai / yahAM payas meM janyatA sAkSAt rUpa meM nahIM, pratyuta paramparayA vidyamAna hai| karmatva-lakSaNa meM nAgeza ne vAstava meM 'prayojya' zabda kA isIlie niveza kiyA hai ki dhAtvartha ke mukhya vyApAra se janma lenevAlA phala sAkSAt utpanna ho ( jaise-odanaM pacati ) yA paramparayA utpanna ho ( jaise-payo dogdhi )-donoM 1. 50 la0 ma0, vaMzI, pR0 140 / 2. " 'gAM dogdhi' ityAdI vibhAgAnukUlavyApArAnukUlavyApArArthaka-duhisattvena payasaH karmatvasaGgrahaH" / -la0 ma0, kalA, pR0 1203

Page #189
karma-kAraka 169 hI sthitiyoM meM usa phala ke Azraya ke rUpa meM uddiSTa vastu ko karma kahA jA sake / yaha 'paramparayA utpAdya' ke grahaNa kA hI pariNAma hai ki payas ko karmasaMjJA ho skii| yadi 'prayojya' ke sthAna para 'janya' ( = sAkSAt utpAdya ) rakhA jAtA to cUMki pradhAnabhUta gopa-sthita vyApAra se janya kevala govyApAra ( vibhAgAnukUla vyApAra ) hI hai, vibhAga nahIM-ataH vibhAgAzraya payas kI karmasaMjJA nahIM ho sakatI thii| sAkSAt tathA paramparA donoM arthoM ko lenevAle 'prayojya' kA niveza karane se pradhAna vyApAra kA prayojya ( paramparayotpAdya ) vibhAga bhI ho sakatA hai, jisakA Azraya 'payas' karma hai| laghumaJjUSA ( pR0 1203 ) meM isa 'prayojya' pada kA dUsarA hI phala dikhalAyA gayA hai / nAgeza 'caitraM grAmaM gamayati' ityAdi meM grAma ke karmatva kA sAdhana karate hue kahate haiM ki prayojya hone kA artha hai ki janya, ajanya -donoM sthitiyoM meM kAma de ske| vizeSaNa rUpa se viSayatA se sambaddha sthitiyoM kI vyAkhyA 'ajanya' ke dvArA hotI hai| 'jAnAti' 'icchati' ityAdi kriyAoM ke prayoga meM jJAnecchAdi vyApAra viSayatA ke nirUpaka haiM--yaha bhI eka pakSa hai / aura cUMki viSayatA isa pakSa meM jJAnAdi se utpanna nahIM hotI ( ajanya ) hai, ataH isameM 'phalAzraya' kaise hogA? isIlie ajanya kA niveza karane se bhI kAma calAyA jA sakatA hai ki viSayatA ke ajanya-pakSa meM bhI phalAzraya ko karmasaMjJA ho ske| bAlambhaTTa isameM nAgeza kI aruci dekhate haiM ki vAstava meM janyatA to hotI hI hai, ataH isakA koI upayoga nahIM ( vastuto janyatvameveti naitasyA upayogaH ) / ataH 'prayojyatva' kA uparyukta upayoga hI ThIka hai| nAgeza ke karmalakSaNa meM 'prakRta dhAtvartha kA phala' isa aMza kA niveza isalie kiyA gayA hai ki 'prayAgAtkAzIM gacchati' isa vAkya meM prayAga ko karmasaMjJA na ho jAya / sthiti yaha hai ki kAzI-gamana meM utpanna vibhAga kA Azraya yadyapi prayAga hai tathApi vibhAga to prastuta dhAtu (gam) kA artha hI nahIM hai / gamana kA artha uttaradezasaMyogAnukUla vyApAra hI hotA hai| hA~, itanA avazya hai ki gamanakriyA meM anivArya ( nAntarIyaka ) hone ke kAraNa vibhAga utpanna hotA hai, kintu usakA mUla artha vahI nahIM hai / ataH prakRta dhAtvartha ke phala kA Azraya nahIM hone se prayAga ko karmasaMjJA nahIM ho sakatI / dUsarI bAta yaha bhI hai ki kevala phalatAvacchedaka sambandha se jo phalAzraya ke rUpa meM uddiSTa ( phalAzraya hokara icchA kA vizeSya ) ho vahI karma hotA hai| prayAga ke sAtha aisI bAta nahIM, kyoMki 'gacchati' kriyA ke prayoga meM 'anuyogitvaviziSTa samavAya' phalatAvacchedaka sambandha hotA hai| isase kAzI meM phalAzrayatA uddiSTa hai, prayAga meM nahIM / vaha saMyoga kA anuyogI nahIM hai / isalie bhI prayAga ko karmasaMjJA nahIM hogii| yahA~ eka zaMkA uThatI hai ki jaba 'prakRta dhAtvarthaphala kA Azraya' itanA hI kaha dene se prayAga kI karmatvApatti kA vAraNa ho jAtA hai taba vyartha kA 'uddezya honA' kahane se kyA prayojana hai ? nAgeza kahate haiM ki 'kAzIM gacchan pathi mRtaH' ( kAzI

Page #190
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana jAte hue rAha meM hI mara gayA ) - isa vAkya meM kAzI phalAzraya nahIM hai, kyoMki gamanakriyA kA saMyoga rUpa phala to kAzI ko milA nahIM - aisI sthiti meM ukta phalAzraya ke rUpa meM uddezya hone ke kAraNa ( kyoMki kartA ko kAzI taka pahu~canA abhISTa thA ) kAzI ko karmasaMjJA huI hai / gamanakartA kI 'kAzI saMyogAzraya ho' isa icchA kA vizeSya kAzI hI hai / 170 eka dUsarI zaMkA kA samAdhAna bhI nAgeza sAtha hI karate calate haiM- yadi koI vyakti kAzI jA rahA ho to 'kAzIM gacchati, na prayAgam' isa prakAra ke prayoga kI ( jisameM prayAga ko karma dikhalAyA gayA hai ) asiddhi ho jAyagI, kyoMki prayAga to phalAzraya ke rUpa meM uddezya nahIM hai / isa asiddhi ke nivAraNArtha nAgeza kahate haiM ki karma ke pANinIya lakSaNa meM jo 'Ipsitatama' pada kA prayoga huA hai usakI svArtha- sahita yogyatA - vizeSa artha meM lakSaNA hotI hai| kahane kA artha hai ki prayAga meM bhI phalAzraya ke rUpa meM uddezya hone kI yogyatA hai jo bhale hI vAcyatayA pratIta nahIM ho rahI hai, kintu lakSya-rUpa meM to hai hI ' / isa niSedhamUlaka karmasaMjJA kI siddhi ke lie nAgeza ko apane karmalakSaNa meM ISat saMzodhana karanA par3A hai / kintu isase eka bar3A lAbha yaha huA hai ki jahA~ kahIM bhI natra se viziSTa karma ( yA anya kAraka bhI ) dikhalAyI par3e vahA~ yogyatA - vizeSa rahane ke AdhAra para unake karmatvAdi kI vyavasthA sukara ho jAyagI / caitra dUsarA kAma kara rahA ho aura yadi koI pUche ki kyA vaha grAma jA rahA hai yA odana pakA rahA hai ? to uttara hogA- -na to vaha grAma jA rahA hai, na odana hI pakA rahA hai / taba aisI sthiti meM phalAzraya ke rUpa meM uddezya nahIM hone para bhI grAma tathA odana ko kevala unakI phalAzrayatva - yogyatA ke hI bala para karmatva kA upapAdana karake dvitIyA vibhakti lagA sakate haiM / aisI paristhiti meM koI parAdhIna vyakti pITe jAne ke phalasvarUpa viSa khAtA hai to viSa bhI vahA~ tathokta phala Azraya ke rUpa meM uddezya hI hai / yahA~ yogyatA - vizeSa kA niveza karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / pataJjali ne jo anIpsita viSa ko Ipsita batalAyA hai usa tathya kA bhI samarthana isI prakAra ho jAtA hai ki tADana - bhaya se koI viSa ko bhI abhISTa samajhatA hai / isI rUpa meM 'kazAbhihataH kArAgAraM gacchati' * ( koDe se mAra khAkara kArAgAra jAtA hai ) -- isa vAkya meM kArAgAra bhI phalAzraya ke rUpa meM uddezya hone se karma hai / Upara hamane dekhA hai ki phalAzraya ke rUpa meM uddiSTa hone kI yogyatA yadi kisI meM ho to vaha 'karma' kahalA sakatA hai, yadyapi vartamAna kAla meM vaha usa rUpa meM uddezya nahIM bhI ho / kintu yaha yogyatA sAmAnya nahIM, vizeSa prakAra kI hotI hai / yaha 1. 'tathA ca prakRtadhAtvartha pradhAnIbhUtavyApAra-prayojya - prakRtadhAtvartha phalAzrayatvenodaddezyatvayogyatAvizeSazAlitvaM karmatvam / tacca prayAgasyApyastIti karmatvaM tasya sulabham' / - pa0 la0 ma0, pR0 173-4

Page #191
karma-kAraka 171 'vizeSa' hai kyA ? jo kartA ke vyApAra ke samaya hI utpanna ( samakAlika ) ho tathA taTastha vyakti ke dvArA bhI bodha ke yogya ho, nAgeza use hI 'yogyatA-vizeSa' kahate haiM / isake phalasvarUpa bhUta, vartamAna yA bhaviSyat ina tInoM meM se kisI bhI kAla meM yadi caitra ke kAzI-gamana kI prApti nahIM ho to kAzI ko karmatva nahIM ho sktaa| kAzI meM phalAzraya hone ke rUpa meM uddezya hone kI yogyatA hai to sahI, kintu gamanakriyA ke vyApAra ke samaya kisI udAsIna vyakti se bodhya nahIM hone ke kAraNa yogyatA-vizeSa nahIM hai-ataH karmasaMjJA nahIM hogii| aise sthaloM meM yogyatA-vizeSa kA kathaJcit nirvAha bhI kiyA jAya to usakI apekSA niSedha-vAkya kA prayoga karanA kahIM acchA hai, jo anubhava se bhI siddha hai / 'kAzIM na gacchati' meM yogyatA-vizeSa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, uddezya hone kI yogyatA mAtra se kAma cala jAtA hai / vAstava meM niSedha-vAkyoM meM bhI prApta vastu ( yogya karma ) kA hI niSedha hotA hai / yadi gamana sarvathA aprApta ho to 'na gacchati' kA koI artha hI nahIM / ____ anIpsita karma ke viSaya meM pUrvapakSa uThAte hue nAgeza kahate haiM ki parAdhInatA ke kAraNa viSabhakSaNavAle udAharaNa meM to kriyA ke phalAzraya ke rUpa meM uddezyatA kI siddhi ho jAyagI, kintu 'corAn pazyati', 'annaM bhakSayan viSaM bhuGkte' ( dveSya karma ), 'grAmaM gacchan tRNaM spRzati' ( udAsIna karma ) ityAdi meM cora, viSa tathA taNa kA karmatva kaise hogA ? prazna yaha hai ki cora viSaya-sambaddha cakSurindriya ke sambandha se dRzyamAna hone para bhI darzana kA uddezya nahIM hai, apitu usakA dekhA jAnA aniSTa hone ke kAraNa vaha dveSya hai| tRNa ke prati bhI kartA kI taTasthatA rahane ke kAraNa vaha bhI uddezya nahIM hai| isa AzaMkA kA samAdhAna 'tathAyuktaM cAnIpsitam' isa pUrvanirUpita pANini-sUtra meM hai / anIpsita kA artha hai-uddezya nahIM honA / punaH prastuta prakriyA meM 'tathAyukta' bhI 'prakRta dhAtvartha ke dvArA prayojya phala ke Azraya' ke artha meM hai ( laghumaJjUSA 1222 ) / tadanusAra isa sUtra kA sampUrNa artha karate hue nAgeza ke pUrvokta karmalakSaNa se 'uddezyatva' haTA dene para kAma cala sakatA hai| tadanusAra prastuta dhAtu ke artharUpa pradhAna vyApAra se utpAdya prastuta dhAtvartha phala kA Azraya hone vAlA anIpsita karma hai ( 'prakRtadhAtvarthapradhAnIbhUtavyApAraprayojyaprakRtadhAtvarthaphalAzrayatvamanIpsita-karmatvamiti tadarthAt' / -paramalaghu0, 175 ) / yaha lakSaNa dveSya tathA udAsIna karmoM kA saMgraha karane ke lie diyA gayA hai| dvikarmaka dhAtu tathA akathita karma pANini ne 'akathitaM ca' (1 / 4 / 51) sUtra ke dvArA eka dUsare prakAra ke karma kA bhI vidhAna kiyA hai, jo apAdAnAdi vizeSa saMjJAoM se 2 avivakSita ho| kintu 1. 'tadvizeSazca vyApArasamakAlikastaTasthajanagamyaH' / ----pa0 la0 ma0, pR0 175 2. 'apAdAnaM sampradAnamadhikaraNaM karma karaNaM kartA heturityataivizeSarityarthaH'

Page #192
172 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana yaha avivakSA kucha nizcita sakarmaka dhAtuoM ke prayoga meM hotI hai, jinheM dvikarmaka dhAtu kahate haiM / ye dhAtu eka to Ipsita karma grahaNa karate haiM aura dUsarA yaha akathita yA avivakSita karma bhI unake sAtha rahatA hai / jaise-gAM dogdhi payaH / inameM payas Ipsita hone ke kAraNa sAmAnya yA mukhya karma hai aura 'gau' mUlata: apAdAna kA bhAgI hone para bhI vahA~ avivakSita hone ke kAraNa prakRta sUtra se akathita karma hai| apAdAna kI vivakSA hone para isameM paJcamI vibhakti ho sakatI hai-goH dogdhi payaH / gAya se dUdha ko pRthak karanA vivakSita hai| isake atirikta gau se payas kA sambandhamAtra vivakSita ho to usameM SaSThI bhI ho sakatI hai / yadyapi yaha vivakSA dvikarmaka dhAtuoM kI sUcI meM parigaNita prAyaH sabhI dhAtuoM meM sambhava hai, tathApi yAc, praccha aura bhikSa dhAtuoM ke yoga meM kevala karmasaMjJA hI hotI hai ( kaiyaTa 2, pa0 266-7 ) / dvikarmaka dhAtuoM kI sUcI kA vikAsa dvikarmaka dhAtuoM ke parigaNanArtha pataJjali ne eka kArikA dI hai duhiyAcirudhiprachibhikSicitrAmupayoganimittamapUrvavidhau / bruvizAsiguNena ca yatsacate tadakotitamAcaritaM kvinaa|| -bhASya 2, pR0 264 arthAt duha, yAca, rudh, praccha, bhikSa tathA ci-ina dhAtuoM ke prayoga meM ( payas Adi ) upayoga meM Ane yogya vastuoM ke nimitta padArtha ko, yadi usakA pUrvokta kisI kAraka meM vidhAna nahIM huA ho tathA brU aura zAs-ina donoM ke guNa ( sAdhana, ( ta0 bo0 pR0 409) / kintu vakSyamANa bhASyakArikA meM sthita 'apUrvavidhi' zabda para TippaNI karate hue bhaTTojidIkSita kahate haiM ki pUrvokta apAdAnAdi saMjJAoM kA viSaya nahIM hone se hI akathita karma hotA hai / hetu tathA kartRsaMjJAoM kA viSaya hone para paravartI saMjJA karma kI bAdhaka hogii| ve eka dUsarA mata bhI dete haiM ki prAcIna AcAryoM ke anusAra 'pUrva' zabda anyamAtra kA upalakSaNa hai, ataH vakSyamANa hetu aura kartR saMjJAoM ke viSaya meM atiprasaMga nahIM hogaa| -za0 ko0 2, pR0 130-1 1. 'yadyapi goravadhibhAvo vidyate, tathApyavivakSite tsminnimittmaatrvivkssaayaamudaahrnnoppttiH'| -padamajarI 1 / 151 __ 2. 'apAdAnatvamAtravivakSAyAM tu paJcamyeva / goH kSIravizeSaNatve tu SaSThI / tena goH payo dogdhItyapi prayogaH sAdhureva' / -prauDhamanoramA, pa0 487 3. bhASya kI kArikA meM chanda ( troTaka-4 sagaNa ) kI rakSA ke lie praccha ko 'prachi' par3hA gayA hai, jisake samarthana meM bhaTTojidIkSita Agama ke vidhAna kI anityatA batalAte haiM - "iha prachItyatra 'che ca' iti tuG na kRtH| AgamazAsanasyAnityatvAt 'sanAdyantA dhAtavaH' 'iko yaNaci' itivt"| -za0 kau0 khaNDa 2, pR0 130

Page #193
karma-kAraka 173 pradhAna karma, dharmAdi )' se jo sambaddha hotA hai use bhI AcArya ( pANini ) ne akathita ( akIrtita ) mAnA hai / isake bAda inake prayogoM kA vivecana karate hue pataJjali batalAte haiM ki pUrvapakSI kevala ina tIna dhAtuoM ke prayogoM ko zuddha samajhatA hai--pauravaM gAM yAcate, mANavakaM panthAnaM pRcchati, pauravaM gAM bhikSate / kevala inhIM prayogoM meM apAdAna-saMjJA bAdhaka nahIM banatI / kevala yAcanA karane, pUchane yA bhikSA mAMgane se hI apAya nahIM ho jAtA / dAtA jaba taka de nahIM, apAya nahIM hogA / anya sthaloM meM pUrvapakSI dUsarI kArakasaMjJAe~ mAnakara akathita karma kA khaNDana karatA hai / 'gAM dogdhi payaH' meM gau apAdAna hai, 'anvavaruNaddhi gAM vrajam' ( gAya ko balAt gauzAlA meM ghusAtA hai )- isameM vraja adhikaraNa, 'vRkSamavacinoti phalAni' meM vRkSa apAdAna tathA 'putraM dharma brUte, anuzAsti' meM putra sampradAna hai / pUrvapakSI yaha nahIM jAnatA ki ye udAharaNa una-una kArakoM kI avivakSA ke kAraNa haiM (udyota 2, pR0 266) / vastusthiti yaha hai ki jina udAharaNoM ko akathita karma ke rUpa meM svIkRti dI gayI hai unameM kArakAntaravivakSA ke prayoga nahIM hote, jaba ki duhAdi dhAtuoM ke prayoga vivakSA se ubhayavidha hote haiN| isIlie 'akathita' kA artha apradhAna nahIM lekara asaMkIrtita liyA gayA hai ( pradIpa 2, pR0 266-7 ) / apradhAna artha lene para duhAdi dhAtuoM ke sAtha apAdAnAdi saMjJAoM kI vivakSA hone para bhI unheM rokakara kevala karmasaMjJA hI hotI / 'putraM dharma ate' hI hotA, jaba ki 'putrAya dharma brUte' bhI utanA hI zuddha hai / vaise AcArya pataJjali sabhI udAharaNoM ko svIkRti dene kI mudrA meM haiN| dvikarmaka dhAtuoM kI uparyukta sUcI meM pataJjali nI, vaha, ha tathA gatyarthakaina atirikta dhAtuoM ko bhI sAtha lete haiM / kaiyaTa ke anusAra gatyarthaka dhAtuoM se bAdavAle ( pA0 sU0 1 / 4 / 52 ) sUtra ke antargata ginAye gaye--gatyarthaka, bodhArthaka, bhojanArthaka, zabdakarma-dhAtuoM ke Nijanta prayoga kI sthiti kA bodha karanA cAhie / bhASya meM pA~ca udAharaNa diye gaye haiM-(1) ajAM nayati grAmam / (2) bhAraM vahati grAmam / ( 3 ) bhAraM harati grAmam / gatyarthaka-(4) gamayati devadattaM grAmam / ( 5 ) yAyayati ( bhejatA hai ) devadattaM grAmam / grAma akathita karma hai / kaiyaTa 1. "kriyAyAH sAdhyatvAtprAdhAnyaM tadarthatvAtpravRtteH / kArakANAM guNatvam / -kaiyaTa 2, pR0 264 2. 'nIvahyoharatezcApi gatyarthAnAM tathaiva ca / dvikarmakeSu grahaNaM draSTavyamiti nizcayaH // --bhASya 2, pR0 270 3. vAstava meM helArAja ne sarvaprathama 'tathaiva ca' ke antargata ina dhAtuoM ko rakhane kA parAmarza diyA thaa| ( vA0 50 37172 vyAkhyA draSTavya-)-'gatyarthagrahaNena gatibuddhItyAdinA yeSAM dvikarmakatvaM te lakSyante / tathaiva cetyanenAnuktasamuccayArthena jayatyAdayo gRhynte'|

Page #194
174 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana bhASya kI isa atirikta kArikA meM vartamAna. 'ca' zabda kA upayoga ji Adi dhAtuoM ke saMgrahArtha karate hue anya udAharaNa bhI dete haiM - zataM jayati devadattam / zataM muSNAti devadattam / zataM daNDayati devadattam / tAtparya yaha hai ki yadi Nijanta prayogavAle karma ko chor3a bhI deM to kaiyaTa pUrvokta ATha dhAtuoM ke atirikta chaha anya dhAtuoM ko ( kula 14 ) dvikarmaka mAnate haiM / mAdhava apanI dhAtuvRtti meM 'ca' zabda se kucha dUsare dhAtuoM kA bhI saMgraha karate pratIta hote haiM - 1 jayateH karSate maMnthermuSerdaNDayateH paceH tAregrahastathA mocestyAjerdIpezca saGgrahaH // kArikAyAM ca zabdena sudhAkaramukhaiH kRtaH " / isa sUcI meM hameM kRS, manth tathA pac - ye mUla dhAtu evaM tAri ( tU ), grAhi (graha), moci ( muca ), tyAji ( tyaj ) tathA dIpi - ye Nijanta dhAtu navInatayA prApta hote haiM / inake udAharaNa kramazaH isa prakAra haiM - karSati zAkhAM grAmam ( gA~va taka zAkhA ko khIMca kara le jAtA hai ) / kSIranidhi sudhAM mathnAti ( samudra se amRta kA manthana karatA hai ) / taNDulAnodanaM pacati / tArayati ( pAra karatA hai ) kapIn samudram / grAhayati baTUnidam / mocayati tyAjayati vA kopaM devadattam / dIpayati ( vyAkhyA karatA hai ) zAstrArthaM ziSyAn / mAdhava kI isa sUcI para pANini-tantra meM koI vizeSa Apatti nahIM kI jAtI, yadyapi isameM ginAye Nijanta dhAtuoM kA vizada vivecana dIkSita ne zabdakaustubha meM kiyA hai ( pR0 131-3, khaNDa 2 ) / astu, hameM yahA~ taka Akara kula 17 mUla dhAtu milate haiM, jo dvikarmaka kahe jA sakate haiM - duh, yAc, rudh, praccha, bhikSu, ci, brU, zAs, nI, vah, ha, ji, muS, daND, kRS, manth tathA pac / inhe rAmacandra ne do rAziyoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai 'hyAcyarthadhipracchicizAsuji- karmayuk / nIhRkuSmanyava daNDagrahamuSpaca -karma bhAk' bhaTTojidIkSita isa sUcI meM do doSa pAte haiM - ( 1 ) graha dhAtu dvikarmaka nahIM hai, kintu rAmacandra ne use yahA~ sthAna diyA hai / 'jagrAha dyutaruM zakram' yaha udAharaNa bhI asaMgata hai, kyoMki indra se kalpataru le liyA -- isI artha kI pratIti hotI hai / patyuta parAkrama kA atizaya dikhalAne ke lie 'jahAra' kriyA kA prayoga ucita ST | ( 2 ) anya dhAtuoM meM koI doSa nahIM, kintu unakA vibhAjana Apattijanaka hai / karmavAcya kI prakriyA meM prazna hotA hai ki lakAra, kRtya, kta tathA khalartha ( bhAva aura karma meM honevAle ) pratyaya kisa karma meM hoMge - pradhAna karma meM yA akathita meM ? 1. mAdhavIyadhAtuvRttiH ( pR0 38 ) / za0 kau0 2, pR0 131 meM uddhRta | 2. prakriyAkImudI, bambaI ( 1915 ), pR0 388 ( khaNDa 1 ) / 3. zabdaratna, pR0 490 /

Page #195
karma-kAraka 175 rAmacandra ne svayaM kahA hai ki nI Adi dhAtuoM ke sAtha mukhya karma meM, kintu duhAdi ke sAtha gauNa karma meM lakArAdi hoMge - ( gauNa karma abhihita hogA ) | yaha rAmacandra kI bhUla hai, kyoMki nI Adi meM unhoMne manth, daNDa, muS, mac -- ina aise dhAtuoM ko rakhA hai jinake gauNa karma meM ( mukhya karma meM nahIM ) lakArAdi hote haiM; yathA - 'yenApaviddhasalilasphuTana / gasadmA devAsurairamRtamambunidhirmamanye' / - kirAta 0 5 / 30 uddezya hone ke kAraNa amRta mukhya karma hai, ambunidhi gauNa / kintu gauNa karma hI abhihita hai| pac-dhAtu kI dvikarmakatA para kucha logoM ne sandeha prakaTa kiyA hai, kyoMki prakRta sthala meM bhASya tathA kaiyaTa meM isakA saMketa nahIM hai / pratyuta 'karturIpsitatamaM karma' sUtra para bhASya likhate hue pataJjali 'taNDulAnodanaM pacati' ke udAharaNa meM pac ke do artha mAnate haiM - pakAnA ( komala karanA ) aura nirvartana ( saMpAdana ) / kaiyaTa kA kathana hai ki upasarjanabhUta vikledana - kriyA kI apekSA se taNDula karma hai aura pradhAnabhUta nirvartana-kriyA kI apekSA se odana karma hai arthAt donoM hI Ipsitatama karma haiM / kintu aisI bAta nahIM / yaha spaSTa hai ki yahA~ do karma haiM / donoM meM odana hI Ipsitatama hai, yahI bhASya kA Azaya hai; kyoMki pataMjali svayaM kahate haiM - ' taNDulavikAramodanaM nirvartayati' / dUsare 'karmavatkarmaNA tulyakriya:' ( pA0 3 / 1 87 ) meM sthita vArtika - 'duhipacyorbahulaM sakarmakayo:' kI vyAkhyA meM bhI ve ise spaSTata: dvikarmaka mAnate haiM, jisakA samarthana kaiyaTa tathA haradatta ne bhI kiyA hai / isIlie mAdhava ne ise dvikarmaka-sUcI meM rakhA hai| dIkSita ne phira bhI ( za0 kau0, pR0 132 ) bhASyakAra ke 'dvayarthaH paciH ' ( bhASya 2, pR0 261 ) isa ukti ko mAdhava ke dvArA 'ca' se pac kA grahaNa kiye jAne se bhinna mAnA hai / ina donoM meM matAntara hai, anyathA 'taNDulAnodanaM pacati' isa prayoga kI upapatti meM bhASyakAra ko vyarthaM kleza karane kA kyA prayojana hai ? jo bhI ho, mAdhava ke bAda ke koI vaiyAkaraNa ise dvikarmaka-sUcI meM rakhanA nahIM bhUlate / duhAdi dhAtuoM ke svarUpamAtra se dvikarmakatA nahIM hotI pratyuta inake artha meM prayukta hone vAle dUsare dhAtuoM ke sAtha bhI akathita karma hotA hai / yaha rahasya bhASyakAra kI ukti para hI Azrita hai, jinhoMne 2 / 4 / 62 ke bhASya meM 'ahamapIdamacodyaM codye' ityAdi vAkyoM meM pUchane ke artha meM cu-dhAtu kA prayoga karate hue ise dvikarmaka mAnA hai | mahAkaviyoM ke katipaya prayoga bhI isakA samarthana karate haiM / taba prazna yaha hotA hai ki bhikSu tathA yAc dhAtu to samAnArthaka haiM, ataH eka hI dhAtu ko sUcI meM 1. prauDhamanoramA pR0 490 - 1, za0 kau0 2, pR0 135 / 2. 'ziloccayo'pi kSitipAlamuccaiH prItyA tamevArthamabhASateva' 'udAracetA giramityudArAM dvaipAyanenAbhidadhe narendraH // 'sthAsnuM raNe smeramukho jagAda mArIcamuccairvacanaM mahArtham' / / - raghu0 2051 - kirAta 3 / 10 - bhaTTa 232

Page #196
176 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana sthAna dekara donoM ko gatArtha kyoM nahIM kara liyA jAtA ? 'pauravaM gAmarthayate' meM usI artha meM artha-dhAtu kA prayoga hai / ataH kisI eka dhAtu se kArya-sampAdana ho jaataa| isake uttara meM kucha logoM kA kathana hai ki yAc-dhAtu kA artha 'anunaya karanA' hotA hai; jaise-vinayaM yAcate ( vinaya ke lie anunaya kara rahA hai ) / acchA, yadi aisI bAta hai taba anekArthaka yAc-dhAtu kA hI grahaNa kara leM, jisase bhikSa-dhAtu kI bhI siddhi ho jAya / isa para ve loga kahate haiM ki nahIM, arthabheda se zabdabheda mAnane vAle siddhAnta ke anusAra yAc-dhAtu kevala anunaya ke hI artha meM grAhya hai / isIlie to nI-dhAtu ke grahaNa se anunaya-artha ko gatArtha nahIM kiyA jAtA hai / dIkSita isa yukti se apanI aruci dikhalAte haiM ('spaSTArtha bhikSeH grahaNamityanye'-- za0 ko0)| ataH siddhAntakaumudI meM dvikarmaka dhAtuoM kI sUcI dene ke samaya ve ina vivAdoM se haTakara bhikSa kA grahaNa nahIM karate 'dahyAcapacadaNDAdhipracchi-ci-brazAsa-jimathmuSAm / karmayuk syAdakathitaM tathA syAnohakRSvahAm' // dIkSita kI yaha sUcI samasta zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna karatI hai| eka to yaha dvikarmaka dhAtuoM kI pUrNa sUcI hai, jisameM dhAtuoM kI paryAyatApatti nahIM aura dUsare inheM do rAziyoM meM pRthak karake pUrNa vaijJAnikatA kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| spaSTIkaraNa yaha hai ki karmavAcya meM jo karma kA abhidhAna hotA hai vaha gauNa karma kA ho yA pradhAna kA-isa prazna kA pUrNa uttara isake dvairAzya meM nihita hai| duhAdi bAraha dhAtuoM ke prayoga meM gauNa karma abhihita hotA hai arthAt usameM lakAra, kRtya, kta tathA khalartha pratyaya hote haiM-gauH duhyate payaH, dohyA, dugdhA, sudohA ityAdi / dUsarI ora nI rAdi cAra dhAtuoM ke prayoga meM pradhAna karma hI abhihita hotA hai-ajA grAma nIya neyA, nItA, sunagA / yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki Nijanta prayoga meM jo dvikarmaka dhAtu 5 gale sUtra ke anusAra hote haiM vahA~ bodha, bhojana tathA zabdakarma vAle Nijanta dhAtaoM ke 'karmaNi-prayoga' meM svecchA se jisa karma meM cAheM abhidhAna kareM-bodhyate mANavakaM dharmaH, mANavako dharma vA / anya NijantoM ke karmaNi-prayoga meM prayojya karma meM abhidhAna hotA hai-devadatto grAmaM gamyate, gamayitavyaH, gamitaH, sugamaH / akathita karma para bhartRhari kA vaktavya pradhAna tathA akathita ke rUpa meM dvividha karma kI sattA kA vizleSaNa karate hue bhartRhari kahate haiM1. 'arthabhedena zabdabheda iti darzanamAzrityAnunayArthasyeva yAceriha grahaNAt' / -za0 kau0, pR0 132 2. za0 ko0, pR0 134-atrAyaM saGgrahaH 'gauNe karmaNi duhyAdeH pradhAne nIhakRSvahAm / buddhipratyavasAnArthazabdakarmasu cecchayA' /

Page #197
karma-kAraka 177 'pradhAnakarma kathitaM yat kriyAyAH prayojakam / tatsiddhaye kriyAyuktamanyattvakathitaM smRtam // -vA0pa0 3771 arthAt jisa phalabhUta padArtha ke uddezya se kriyA ke pravartana meM dUsare sAdhana ( kAraka ) sajjita hote haiM tathA jisakI prApti ho jAne para udAsIna ho jAte haiM use, IpsA ke prakarSa se yukta pradhAna padArtha ko, pradhAna karma kahate haiM, jo kartA ke Ipsitatama ke rUpa meM pahale hI kahA gayA hai; jaise payasa Adi / dUsarI ora usakI prApti ke lie jo anIpsita hone para bhI Avazyaka hone ke kAraNa kriyA se anvita hotA hai vaha akathita karma hai, jo apradhAna se bhinna kakSA ( koTi ) vAlA hai / jaisego Adi ( helArAja ) / akathita karma kI bhinnakakSyatA dhAtvartha ke uddeza-bheda se hotI hai arthAt akathita karmamAtra Ipsitatama nahIM hai / kintu bhartRhari ke isa kathana meM kucha aisI bhASA kA prayoga hai ki isase unakI aruci prakaTa hotI hai / ___ ekakarmavAda ke nirUpaNa meM hari Nijartha kA Azraya lete haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki ekamAtra pradhAna hI karma hai, kyoMki duhAdi kriyAoM meM Nic kA artha ( preSaNa, preraNA) antata rahatA hai tathA tathAkathita akathita karma prayojya kartA kA hI dUsarA rUpa hai| hari kI vaha kArikA isa prakAra hai 'antarbhUtaNijanAM duhyAdInAM 'Nijantavat / siddhaM pUrveNa karmatvaM NijantaM niyamastathA // -vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 73 helArAja ne isakI vizada vyAkhyA karate hue vibhinna udAharaNoM kA antarbhAva dikhalAyA hai| (1) gAM dogdhi payaH-isameM gau dugdha kA kSaraNa karatI hai aura devadatta use kSaraNa karane ke lie vyApArita karatA hai ( tAM kSarantIM kSArayati ) / dohana kA yahI kSaraNa rUpa artha hai / kSaraNa-kriyA ke dvArA dugdha ApyamAna hone ke kAraNa karma hai to kSAraNa-vyApAra ke dvArA ApyamAna gau bhI karma hai--donoM Ipsitatama hai| yaha sahI hai ki arthataH ( ArtharUpa se ) dugdha pradhAna karma hai tathA gau usakA upAya yA sAdhanamAtra hai, kintu zabdataH ( Abhidheyaka rUpa se ) kSaraNa kA gauNArtha kSAraNa duha-dhAtu ke zabdArtha ke rUpa meM gRhIta hone se gau hI pradhAna karma hai aura isIlie usI meM lakArAdi hote haiM-duhyate gauH payaH, dogdhavyA ityAdi / ataeva 'apradhAne duhAdInAm' ityAdi bhASyakArikA kA samarthana ArtharUpa kA Azraya lekara karanA caahie| isI se apradhAnatA kI upapatti hotI hai| yaha zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki apAyavivakSA ke binA 1. 'sarva vAkathitaM karma bhinnakakSyaM pratIyate / dhAtvarthoddezabhedena tanne tatamaM kila' // -vA0pa0 3770 2. helArAja ( ukta sthala para ) "kila' ityasminpakSe'ruci sUcayati / tathA cAbhinnameva karmeti siddhaantyissyti"|

Page #198
178 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana kSAraNa kaise sambhava hai ? uparyukta prakAra se karmatva kA upapAdana karane para yadi apAdAna aura karma kI yugapat-prApti ho, apAdAna ko rokakara karmasaMjJA ho jaaygii| isake viparIta yadi 'akathita' sUtra se karmasaMjJA kI jAya to apAdAna ke rUpa meM 'kathita' hone ke kAraNa vaha nahIM ho skegii| ___ nAgeza bhI helArAja ke isa vivecana kA nirdeza karate haiM ki eka pakSa meM duhAdi dhAtuoM se do-do vyApAroM kA yugapat bodha hotA hai; jaise duha kA artha hai-vibhAgAnukUla-vyApArAnukUla-vyApAra / yahA~ gau dugdha kA tyAga karatI hai, devadatta use tyAga karane ko pravRtta karatA hai / isa artha kI pratIti meM gau kI sakriyatA prakaTa hai / dugdha meM sthita vibhAga ke anukUla gau meM sthita vyApAra hai, jisake anukUla vyApAra duhadhAtu kA artha hai / yaha do vyApAroM ko samAviSTa karatA hai| kintu isa pakSa meM 'akathita' sUtra vyartha ho jAyagA, jo nAgeza ko iSTa nahIM hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki gau kI niSkriyatA meM dohana hone para bhI to isa vAkya kA prayoga ho sakatA hai-jise yaha pakSa antarbhUta nahIM kara sktaa| isIlie duha dhAtu ke artha meM saMzodhana karanA apekSita hai-dugdha meM sthita vibhAga ke anukUla vyApAramAtra dohana hai| yaha dUsarA pakSa zAstrIya tathA iSTa bhI hai| maJjUSA tathA zabdenduzekhara meM ise spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki antaHsthita dravita honevAle dravya ( dugdha ) meM vibhAga ke anukUla vyApAra honA hI dohana hai| apAdAna-rUpa gau kI tathArUpa vivakSA nahIM hone para isI se karmatva hotA hai| __ zabdazakti-prakAzikA meM eka vilakSaNa vicAra hai ki gau ko pradhAna tathA dugdha ko apradhAna karma batalAyA gayA hai| vahA~ jagadIza kahate haiM ki duha-dhAtu mocanAnukala vyApAra ke artha meM AtA hai aura mocana bahiHkSaraNa ke anukUla kriyA hI kA nAma hai / kSaraNa dugdha meM hai, kintu tadanukUla kriyA gau meM hI hai| ataH ukta mocana-kriyA kA Azraya gau pradhAna karma hai tathA paramparA se dhAtvarthatA kI avacchedaka (kSaraNa ) kriyA kA Azraya dugdha apradhAna karma hai / jagadIza kA yaha vicAra atyanta bhrAmaka hai, jisakA saMzodhana gadAdhara ne vyutpattivAda meM karake karma kA dUsarA lakSaNa dete hue dugdha ko hI pradhAna karma siddha kiyA hai| ( 2 ) pauravaM gAM yAcate --yahAM helArAja 'yAcate' kA artha 'dApayati' karate hue kahate haiM ki paurava godAna karatA hai; yAcaka usameM zraddhA utpanna karake dAna ke lie pravRtta karatA hai| vAcya ke rUpa meM hI yAcanA kA preraNArtha antarbhUta hai / yAcana kA karma gau hai, kintu preraNA kA karma paurava hai / ataH sAmAnya niyama se hI isameM karmasaMjJA huI hai| kintu nAgezabhaTTa yAc-dhAtu ke artha kA vizleSaNa karate hue kahate haiM ki isameM svAmI ke svatva kI nivRtti tathA apane svatva kI utpatti-ina donoM 1. helArAja, vahI, pR0 289 / 2. la0 za0 ze0, pR0 412 /

Page #199
karma-kAraka 179 ke hI anukUla vyApAra rahatA hai, jo dilAne kI icchA ( didApayiSA ) kA bhI vyaMjaka hai' / paurava meM pUrvokta kisI bhI viSaya ( saMjJA ) kI prApti nahIM hotI, ataH vaha akathita karma hai / cUMki dhAtu kA artha 'vibhAga' nahIM hai, ataH apAdAna -saMjJA kA prasaMga nahIM hogA / bhASya meM kahA gayA hai - 'na yAcanAdevApAyo bhavati / yAcito'sau yadi dadAti tato'pAyena yujyate' ( bhASya, khaNDa 2, pR0 265 ) / kaiyaTa bhI kahate haiM ki yAcaka bhI mA~gane ke samaya yaha nirNaya nahIM kara pAtA hai ki sacamuca yAcita padArtha usase nikalakara mujhe mila hI jAyagA / yaha sthiti buddhikRta apAya kA bhI avakAza nahIM chor3atI / gadAdhara ne ( vyu 0 vA0, pR0 144 ) yAcanA kA artha kiyA hai--apane uddezya se dAna kI icchA ( svoddezyakadAnecchA ) / nAgeza isakA khaMDana karate haiM ki aisA mAnane para 'putrArthaM kanyAM yAcate' (putra ke lie, apane lie nahIM, kanyA mA~gatA hai ) - isa prakAra ke sthaloM meM yAca dhAtu kA prayoga nahIM ho sakegA, kyoMki dAna svoddezyaka na hokara putroddezyaka hai / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki apane uddezya se ( apane ko sampradAna banAkara ) dAna karAne kI icchA rakhanevAle puruSa ( caitrAdi ) meM 'caitro yAcate' jaisA prayoga hone lagegA - bhale hI vaha puruSa phala na milane kI zaMkA se 'hameM dIjie' aisA kucha nahIM bola rahA ho / tAtparya yaha hai ki icchA kI sthitimAtra se vyApAra nahIM bhI karane se yAcanA -kriyA kI aniSTa upapatti hone lagegI / bhaTTojidIkSita tathA nAgeza 'bali yAcate vasudhAm' yaha sAmAnya udAharaNa dekara eka vizeSa udAharaNa dete haiM - avinItaM vinayaM yAcate ( uddaNDa puruSa se vinaya kI yAcanA karatA hai ) / yahA~ svIkArAnukUla vyApAra ke artha meM dhAtu hai / 'maiM yaha avazya karU~gA' - isa prakAra kI ukti ke janaka jJAnavizeSa ke artha meM yahA~ svIkAra- zabda kA prayoga hai / yaha sampradAna kA viSaya nahIM hai, kyoMki yAcanA karane se hI kisI vyakti kA vinaya ke sAtha sambandha nahIM ho jAtA / hA~, itanA avazya hai ki use vinaya viSayaka jJAna ho jAtA hai / yAcanA se bhikSu dhAtu bhI vyAkhyAta hai / (3) vrajamavaruNaddhi gAm - helArAja yahA~ kahate haiM ki pravezana- kriyA kA preraNArthaka rUpa yahA~ antarbhUta hai - gau vraja ( gozAlA ) meM praveza karatI hai, use dUsarA vyakti praveza karA rahA hai / pravezana - kriyA kA karma vraja hai, preSaNa kA karma gau hai / pravezana kA artha yadi sthApana karanA ho to vraja adhikaraNa ho jAtA hai, kintu donoM saMjJAoM kI yugapat prApti hone para paravartinI karmasaMjJA hotI hai; jaise-- gehaM pravizati / yahA~ praveza kA gauNArtha sthAna ( ThaharanA ) pradhAna hai ( gehaM pravezanena vyApya tiSThati ) / praveza kI apekSA se vraja karma hai to sthAna kI apekSA se adhikaraNa bhI hai, kintu paravartI karmasaMjJA 1. la0 ma0, pR0 1228 / 2. la0 ma0, pR0 1228 tathA kalA 1229 / 3. la0 za0 ze0, pR0 412 /

Page #200
180 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana use roka detI hai / isa prakAra helArAja vraja ko Ipsita karma ke rUpa meM siddha kara dete haiM, jo anyathA akathita rUpa meM prasiddha hai| nAgeza rudha-dhAtu kA artha---'nirgamana ke pratibandha ke dvArA vraja meM cirasthiti ke anukUla vyApAra' karate haiM / artha hai-'baje gaustiSThati' ( sthAnApekSA se adhikaraNa ) / vahA~ use nirgamana-pratibandha ke dvArA dera taka sthApita karatA hai / ataH usake adhikaraNatva kI vivakSA nahIM hone se akathita karma huA hai / vivakSA se adhikaraNa bhI ho sakatA hai| ( 4 ) mANavakaM panthAnaM pRcchati-antarbhUta Nijartha mAnanevAle kaheMge ki mANavaka mArga batalAtA hai, dUsarA use prerita karatA hai ( AkhyApayati ) / athavA yaha kaheM ki mANavaka mArga batalAnA cAhatA hai ( AcikhyAsati ), dUsarA use aisA karane ko prerita karatA hai ( AcikhyApayiSati ) / prayojya kartA hone se mANavaka ko karmasaMjJA ho jAtI hai; preSa-vyApAra kA vaha karma jo hai / nAgeza kahate haiM ki jijJAsA ke viSayabhUta padArtha ke jJAna ke anukUla tathA 'kisa mArga se jAnA cAhie' ityAdi zabda-prayoga ke rUpa meM sthita vyApAra pRccha-dhAtu kA artha hai / sambandha-sAmAnya se mANavaka aura usake vyApAra kA anvaya hotA hai / sAtha hI jJAna kA viSaya hone se patha karmasaMjJaka hai / mANavaka ukta jJAna kA Azraya hai--yahI sambandhasAmAnya hai| pUrvokta koI bhI saMjJA prApta nahIM hone se yaha akathita karma hai / (5) vRkSamavacinoti phalAni-vRkSa phala kA mocana karatA hai, dUsarA koI use vaisA karA rahA hai ( mocayati ) / isa helArAjIya vyAkhyAna meM vRkSa ko Ipsita karma hI kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki preSa-vyApAra ke dvArA vaha vyApya hai| dUsarI ora, vibhAgapUrvaka AdAna ko ci-dhAtu kA artha svIkAra karate hue nAgeza 'vRkSAtphalAnyAdatte' aisA vivaraNa dete haiM / spaSTa hai ki avadhi kI vivakSA nahIM hone se ise prastuta akathita karma kahA gayA hai| (6) mANavakaM dharma brUte zAsti vA--dhAtu ko yahA~ helArAja 'pratipAdayati' ke artha meM lete haiM ( mANavaka: dharma pratipadyate, tamaparaH pratipAdayati ) / tadanusAra mANavaka meM Ipsita karma kA vidhAna hotA hai / 'zAsti' meM 'zikSate-zikSayati' kA bhAva hai| helArAja kahate haiM ki karma ke dvArA abhipreyamANa hone para bhI mANavaka ko sampradAna-saMjJA yahAM nahIM hotI, kyoMki eka to dharma dA-dhAtu kA karma nahIM; dUsare bhASyakAra ke anusAra sampradAna-saMjJA hone para pradhAna vyApAra vAlI karmasaMjJA use roka degii| eka anya kAraNa yaha hai ki jo karma kartA ko Ipsitatama hotA hai, usI ke dvArA abhipreta hone para kisI ko sampradAna-saMjJA hotI hai; jaise--'upAdhyAyAya gAM dadAti' / yahAM gau dAtA ( kartA ) ko priya hai isIlie guNavAn vyakti ko dI jAtI hai / prakRta sthala meM pUrvasiddha hone se dharma kartA ko abhimata nahIM hai| vaha to cAhatA hai ki mANavaka ko anugRhIta kare ( tena tu mANavako'nugrahItumabhipretaH ) / ata: prayojya kA yahA~ Ipsita karma hai, prayojaka kA nhiiN| ataH sampradAna kA viSaya hI nahIM hai ki avivakSA kA prazna utthe|

Page #201
karma-kAraka 181 kintu nAgeza bhASyakAra ke prAmANya para Azrita hokara prApta sampradAna-kAraka kI avivakSA hone se hI yahAM akathita karma mAnate haiM / unake anusAra viSaya ke rUpa meM ( viSayatayA ) jJAna ke anukUla zabda-prayoga karanA bra-dhAta kA artha hai aura yahI artha yadi pravRttijanaka ho jAya to use zAsana ( zAs kA artha ) kahate haiN| jaise 'dharma kuru' ityAdi ke rUpa meM vidhivAkya-sthita upadeza / donoM sthitiyoM meM kartA ke vyApAra ke bAda usake jJAna ke Azraya ke rUpa meM mANavaka sambaddha hai, kyoMki vaha vacanAdi karma ( dharma ) se abhipreyamANa ( sampradAna ) hai| yadi pUrvavidhiyoM ke viSaya meM mANavaka sarvathA aprApta hotA ( jaisA ki helArAja kahate haiM ), to isa sUtra se karma ho hI nahIM sakatA; kyoMki bhASyakAra kI tadviSayaka kArikA kA virodha hogA--'upayoganimittamapUrvavidhau' / apUrva-vidhi kA artha hai ki pUrva saMjJAoM meM prApti avazya ho, kintu vivakSA na ho| isa prakAra bhASya-gRhIta dhAtuoM ke prayogoM kA vivecana helArAja tathA nAgeza ke pRthaka dRSTikoNoM se sampanna huaa| helArAja ise 'gatibuddhiH' ityAdi sUtra se prayojya kartA ko hone vAlI karmasaMjJA ke rUpa meM nahIM dekhate, kyoMki usameM to gamyAdi kucha nizcita NyantoM ke sAtha hI karmasaMjJA kA vidhAna hai; arthAt vaha niyAmaka sUtra hai| prastuta sthala meM dUsare dhAtuoM ke prayoga meM ( cAhe vahA~ antarbhUta Nyanta kyoM na ho ) karmasaMjJA huI hai, ataH usa sUtra kI pravRtti yahA~ nhiiN| , prayojya kartA kA karmatva karmaviSayaka pANini kA cauthA sUtra hai-'gatibuddhipratyavasAnArthazabdakarmAkarmakANAmaNi kartA sa Nau' ( pA0 1 / 4 / 52 ) / isake anusAra nimnAMkita sthitiyoM meM aNijanta kriyA kA kartA usa kriyA kA Nijanta prayoga hone para karma bana jAtA hai (1) gatyarthaka dhAtu-gacchati mANavako grAmam / gamayati mANavakaM grAmam / kintu nI-dhAtu gatyarthaka hone para bhI prayojya kartA ko karma nahIM banAtA ( ataH anukta kartA meM tRtIyA hotI hai )-nayati devadattaH / nAyayati devavattena / gatyarthaka vaha-dhAtu ke prayoga meM yadi prayojaka kartA niyantA ( pazupreraka ) ke rUpa meM na ho to bhI karmasaMjJA nahIM hotI / jaise-vahati bhAraM devadattaH / vAyati bhAraM devadattena / pazupreraka hone kI sthiti meM vahanti balIvardA: yavAn / vAhayati balIvana yavAn / pUrva udAharaNa meM manuSya ko prerita karane kA artha hai, yahA~ pazu ko| 1. 'prAptasampradAnatvAvivakSAyAmanena karmatvamiti spaSTaM bhASye / anayoryoge sarvathA pUrvavidhiviSayAprAptiyogye viSaye nAnena karmatvamanabhidhAnAt' / / -la0 ma0, pR0 1230 2. 'gatibuddhIti ca niyamArtha sUtraM gamyAdInAmeva NyantAnAM prayojyaH karma, nAnyeSAM pacyAdInAmityaNyantaviSaye'tra na pravartate' / -helArAja, pR0 289 3. 'vaheraniyantRkartRkasya' ( vArtika ) / -mahAbhASya 2, pR0 275

Page #202
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana (2) jJAnArthaka dhAtu - vetti ( budhyate ) mANavako dharmam / vedayati ( bodhayati ) mANavakaM dharmam / jJAnArthaka dhAtuoM ke antargata dRza-dhAtu ko vizeSarUpa se rakhA jAtA hai, jisake lie kAtyAyana ne apanA vArtika diyA hai / udAharaNa - pazyanti bhRtyA rAjAnam / darzayati bhRtyAn rAjAnam / kintu ' Nicazva' ( pA0 1 / 3 / 74 ) sUtra ke anusAra kriyA kA phala kartA ko abhipreta hone para jaba ise ( dRz + Nic ko ) Atmanepada hotA hai, taba ise vaikalpika karmasaMjJA prApta hotI hai' / yathA-- darzayate bhRtyAn bhRtyervA rAjAnam / bhaTTojidIkSita kA kathana hai ki dRza-dhAtu kI sthiti meM uparyukta prakAra se karmatva to jJAna- sAmAnya ke artha meM hone se hI siddha ho jAtA kintu jJAnavizeSa ( cakSurindriyArthasannikarSajanya jJAna ) ke artha meM siddha nahIM hotA, isalie usake lie pRthak vArtika kI vyavasthA huI hai ( zabdakaustubha 2 / 138 ) / isIlie smRghrA ityAdi jJAnavizeSa ke artha meM Ane vAle dhAtuoM ke yoga meM vidhAna na hone ke kAraNa karmasaMjJA nahIM hotI - ' smArayati ghrApayati vA devadattena' (siddhAntakaumudI ) / ( 3 ) bhojanArthaka dhAtu -- sUtra meM pratyavasAna zabda kA prayoga hai, jisakA artha hai bhojana / yathA--' - 'bhuGkte mANavaka odanam / bhojayati mANavakamodanam ' / isa artha ke dhAtuoM meM bhI kucha apavAda haiM / ad aura khAd dhAtuoM ke prayoga meM karmasaMjJA nahIM hotI; jaise - 'Adayati ( te ) mANavakenaudanam / khAdayati baTunAnnam ' / bhakSa-dhAtu ke prayoga meM ahiMsA ( kSati kA abhAva ) hone para karmasaMjJA nahIM hotI - bhakSayati banAnnam / hiMsA kA bodha hone para karmasaMjJA hotI hai - ' bhakSayati balIvardAnsasyam' / yahA~ bailoM ko ugI huI phasala khilAne se usakI kSati hotI hai / yaha kSati aMkurAvasthA meM caitanyAropa karake yA dUsare ke khetoM meM bailoM ko carAne kI sthiti batalAkara dikhalAyI jA sakatI hai / 182 ( 4 ) zabdakarma - pataJjali ne isakA artha spaSTa karane ke lie vikalpa uThAye haiM / zabdakarma kA artha kyA hai ? zabda karanA ( zabda kriyA ) yA 'zabda' ko karma ke rUpa meM lene vAle dhAtu ( zabda: karma yeSAm ) ? yadi prathama artha meM lete haiM to hvayati, krandati aura zabdAyate ina kriyAoM ke yoga meM pratiSedha mAnanA par3egA, kyoMki inake sAtha karmasaMjJA nahIM hotI - 'hvayati devadattaH, hvAyayati devadattena / krandayati, zabdAyayati devadattena' / isake atirikta zRNoti, vijAnAti, upalabhate - ina kriyAoM ke yoga kA upasaMkhyAna karanA par3egA, kyoMki inameM zabdakriyA kA artha nahIM rahane para bhI aNyanta kartA ko NyantAvasthA meM karmasaMjJA hotI hai; jaise--' zRNoti devadattaH, zrAvayati devadattam / vijJApayati, upalambhayati devadattam' / dUsarI ora, yadi zabda ko karma ke rUpa meM lenevAle dhAtuoM kA arthaM liyA jAya to jalpati, vilapati aura AbhASate ke 1. 'abhivAdidRzorAtmanepade upasaMkhyAnam' / ( pA0 1|4|52 para vArtika ) 2. 'kSetrasthAnAM prarohAdyavasthAyAM yavAnAM bhakSaNAddhisA bhavati / tadavasthAyAM kaizvicaitanyasyAbhyupagamAt / parakIyayavabhakSaNe vA paro hiMsito bhavati' / -- kaiyaTa 2, pR0 275

Page #203
karma-kAraka 183 yoga meM bhI ukta rUpa meM karmasaMjJA hogI; jaise-'jalpati devadattaH, jalpayati devadattam / vilApayati, AbhASayati vA / dRz-dhAtu ko to donoM hI sthitiyoM meM lenA pdd'egaa| isakA tAtparya hai ki jisa artha meM bhI leM ukta ziSTa prayogoM kA antarbhAva ho jAnA cAhie / sAmAnya udAharaNa-'chAtraM vedaM pAThayati' / (5) akarmaka -- 'devadattaH zete, devadattaM zAyayati / pRthvI Aste, pRthvImAsayati' / kAtyAyana kA isa viSaya meM vaktavya hai ki kAla ko karma ke rUpa meM grahaNa karane vAle akarmaka dhAtuoM kA upasaMkhyAna karanA caahie| ataH 'mAsamAste devadatta:--mAsamAsayati devadattam' ( devadatta ko mahIne bhara ThaharA letA hai )- yahA~ karmasaMjJA huii| dIkSita ne 'akarmaka' pada ke artha kA vizleSaNa kiyA hai ki yahA~ akarmaka una dhAtuoM ke lie prayukta hai jinameM deza-kAlAdi se bhinna karma sambhava nahIM hotaa| 'laH karmaNi ca bhAve cAkarmakebhyaH' ( pA0 3 / 4 / 69 ) sUtra meM akarmaka se jaise avivakSita karmavAle dhAtuoM kA bodha hotA hai vaisA yahA~ nahIM lete / ata: 'devadattaH pacati' kA Nyanta hone para 'devadattena pAcayati' ( karmasaMjJA kA abhAva ) hotA hai| pac-dhAtu isa sthala meM avivakSita karma vAlA hai, ataH 'laH karmaNi' meM ise bhale hI akarmaka mAna leM kintu isake prayojya kartA ko karmasaMjJA nahIM dI jA sktii| yahAM svarUpataH akarmaka yA adhika se adhika kAlavAcaka zabda ko karma meM rakhanevAle akarmaka dhAtu se abhiprAya hai| deza-kAlAdi ko akarmaka dhAtu kA karma mAnane ke lie eka vArtika hI diyA gayA hai jo 'akathita' sUtra meM AyA hai / tadanusAra deza, kAla, bhAva tathA gantavya mArga ko karma kahate haiM; yathA-kurun svapiti ( deza ), mAsamAste ( kAla ), godohaM svapiti ( bhAva-gAya ke duhe jAne taka ) tathA krozamAste ( maarg)| inameM svapna, AsanAdi kriyAoM ke dvArA kuru-dezAdi ko vyApta karane kA artha hai| bhartRhari bhI isake samarthana meM kahate haiM 'kaalbhaavaadhvdeshaanaamntrbhuutkriyaantrH| sarverakarmakoMge karmatvamupajAyate' // -vA0pa0 317167 __ isase sakarmaka ke viSaya meM bhI kAlAdi karmoM ke yoga meM sakarmakatA kI rakSA ho sakatI hai, jaise-'mAsamodanaM pacati' / yahA~ kAlAdi karma apradhAna hogA, dravyakarma to pradhAna hI rhegaa| kAla AdhArarUpa hai, ataH dravya ke dvArA kriyA se sambaddha hogaa| 'krozamAste, mAsamAste' ityAdi udAharaNa 'kAlAdhvanoratyantasaMyoge' (pA0 2 / 3 / 5 ) ke udAharaNoM ke samAna pratIta hote haiM, jinameM vyApti ke artha meM dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai / kintu kAlavAcaka tathA mArgavAcaka zabdoM ko dvitIyA vibhakti usa sUtra ke anusAra kevala guNa aura dravya ke arthoM meM hotI hai; jaise-krozaM kuTilA (guNa), mAsaM guDadhAnAH (dravya ) / isake atirikta sakarmaka dhAtuoM ke yoga meM hotI hai 1. la0 za0 ze0, pR0 412 /

Page #204
184 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana 'mAsaM vedamadhIte'1 / prastuta sthala meM kevala akarmaka dhAtuoM ke yoga meM karma-kAraka kA vidhAna hai / bhartRhari sakarmaka dhAtuoM ke sAtha bhI isake prayoga kA saMketa karate haiM / usakA kAraNa hai ki dUsarI kriyAoM ( vyApti Adi ) ko antarbhUta karane vAle dhAtuoM ke yoga meM ( ve sakarmaka hoM yA akarmaka ) kAlAdi ko karmasaMjJA hotI hai| tadanusAra 'mAsamAste' kA artha hai-mAsaM vyApyAste / Asana-kriyA ke aMga ( antarbhUta kriyA ) ke rUpa meM vyApti-kriyA hai / aisA mAnane para yaha zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki jaba kriyAntara kI apekSA se karmatva kA upapAdana ho hI jAtA hai taba vArtika ke dvArA upasaMkhyAna karane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? kintu aisI bAta nahIM kahanI caahie| upasaMkhyAna ke binA yadi yoM hI kriyAntara kI apekSA se karma-saMjJA mAnane lageM to As Adi dhAtu ukta zabdoM ke sAtha sakarmaka ho jAyeMge tathA unase kAlAdi karmoM meM hI lakAra, kRtya, kta tathA khalartha pratyaya hone lageMge-akarmaka hone ke kAraNa bhAva meM nhiiN| ataH 'mAsamAsyate, AsitavyaM devadattena' ityAdi meM bhAva meM lakArAdi nahIM hoNge| kintu 'la: karmaNi ca.' isa vacana se akarmaka se bhAva meM lakAra to hotA hI hai| to sthiti yaha hai ki kAlAdi karma rahane para bhI ise akarmaka kaise kaheM ? punaH sakarmaka ho jAne para isameM bhAva meM lakAra kaise hogA ? helArAja ne isa dvividhA kA samyak zamana kiyA hai / antaraMga tathA bahiraMga bheda se karma do haiN| dravyAtmaka karma antaraMga haiM, jisake sAtha pahale sambandha hotA hai aura kAlAdi karma bahiraMga haiM / sakarmaka tathA akarmaka kI vyavasthA aMtaraMga karma para Azrita hai| ataeva lakArAdi bahiraMga karma meM nahIM hote tathA antaraMga karma ke abhAva meM 'mAsamAste' ityAdi meM akarmaka dhAtu hI mAnA jAtA hai, sakarmaka nahIM / 'mAsamodanaM pacati meM mAsa vyApti kA viSaya hai tathA sakarmaka kriyA kA prayoga bhI hai| uparyukta 'antarbhUtakriyAntara' ke niyama se yahA~ mAsa meM bhI karmatva kI siddhi hotI hai| ataH kAlAdi karmoM ke sAtha pacAdi dhAtuoM kI dvikarmakatA siddha hone para bhI pradhAnabhUta dravyakarma meM hI lakArAdi hote haiM, apradhAna ( kAlAdi ) meM nahIM / bhartRhari ne ina kAlAdi karmoM ke apradhAna hone kA samyaga upapAdana kiyA hai ki ye dravyakarmoM ke AdhAra-rUpa meM rahane ke kAraNa 'bhinna kakSA vAle' haiM / isIlie ye apradhAna haiM 'ASAratvamiva prAptAste punagyakarmas / kAlAdayo bhinnakakSyaM yAnti karmatvamuttaram // -vA0pa0 3 / 7 / 68 1. za0 ko0 2, pR0 136 / 2. 'antarbhUtakriyAntarairiti / antarbhUtaM pradhAnakriyApekSayA kriyAntaraM yeSAmiti te tthaa'| -helArAja ___ 3. 'vyAptyAdikriyayAptumiSyamANatvAt kAlAdInAM sphuTameva karmatvamiti yatnAntareNa naarthH'| -helArAja, pR0 282

Page #205
karma-kAraka 185 kAlAdi ko karma ke rUpa meM to sabhI dhAtu grahaNa kara sakate haiM, yadi uparyukta vyavasthA kara dI jAya / isameM sakarmaka tathA akarmaka kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA / pataJjali ne yahI dekhakara 'gatibuddhi0' ( pA0 1 / 4 / 52 ) sUtra kA vivecana karane ke samaya akarmaka ke tIna artha kiye haiM--(1) kAla, bhAva, adhva ko chor3akara kisI dUsare ko jo karma nahIM banAtA vaha akarmaka hai / ( 2 ) jisa karma ( kAlAdi ) ke kAraNa dhAtu sakarmaka tathA akarmaka donoM hI bana sakatA ho usa karma ko dhAraNa karane vAlA dhAtu akarmaka hai / ( 3 ) jo dUsare sthAnoM para karma hone kI yogyatA rakhatA ho aise karma ko grahaNa karanevAlA dhAtu akarmaka hai / pataJjali isa prakAra kAlAdi karmoM kI vyApakatA kA saMketa karate haiM ki sabhI sthitiyoM meM ye karma ho sakate haiM, bhale apradhAna hI kyoM na ho| kAlAdi karma ke samAna hI kriyAvizeSaNa ko karma mAnane kI bAta bhI kucha sthAnoM meM uThAyI gayI hai; yadyapi pANinitantra meM isakI paramparA nahIM hai| haimazabdAnuzAsana ( 2 / 2 / 41 ), sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa ( 1 / 4 / 41 ), saMkSiptasAra ( 58 ) tathA kArakollAsa meM kriyAvizeSaNa ko karma mAnA gayA hai / madhura, stoka Adi kriyAvizeSaNa kriyAoM se vyApya hone ke kAraNa karma kahe jA sakate haiM / nAgeza bhI ukta sthiti kA samarthana apane laghuzabdenduzekhara' meM karate haiM / stokaM pacati-stokaM pacanaM karoti / 'pacati' kriyA ke prayoga meM anna-vikledana ke rUpa meM pAka yA pacana phala hai / jaba ise 'karoti' ke dvArA vizliSTa karate haiM taba 'pAka' karma bana jAtA hai, jisake samAnAdhikaraNa vizeSaNa stoka ko bhI karma-saMjJA ho jAtI hai / naiyAyikoM ko yaha mata sarvathA amAnya hai, kyoMki kriyA meM prakArIbhUta hone para bhI ( jagadIza ke anusAra kAraka kA lakSaNa hone para bhI )2 sup-pratyayoM kI vyavasthA nahIM hone se kriyAvizeSaNa kAraka nahIM hai| yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki napuMsakaliMga ke samAna dvitIyA vibhakti AnuzAsanika rUpa se lagAyI jAtI hai / bhavAnanda ne to kArakalakSaNa kA padakRtya karane ke samaya spaSTataH kriyAvizeSaNa ke karmatva kA khaNDana kiyA hai-'stokaM pacatItyAdau kriyAvizeSaNe'tivyAptivAraNAya vibhaktyarthadvAreti' ( kArakacakra, pR0 5) / jaisA ki kahA jA cukA hai, pANinitantra meM bhI isakI sarvathA upekSA kI gayI hai| karma ke bheda tattvataH eka hI prakAra kA hone para bhI vyAvahArika bheda ke AdhAra para karma ke bhI bheda kiye jAte haiM / bhartRhari tathA helArAja ne karma ke ekatva ke nirUpaNa kA 1. "phalasyApi vyapadezivadbhAvena phalasambandhitvAt karmatvam / ata eva tatsamAnAdhikaraNe 'stokaM pacati' ityAdau karmatvasiddhiH" / -pR0 402 2. 'dhAtvarthAMze prakAro yaH subarthaH so'tra kArakam' / -za0 za0 pra0, kA0 67 3. 'yathaivaikamapAdAnaM zAstre bhedena darzitam / tathaikameva karmApi bhedena pratipAditam // -vA0pa037178

Page #206
186 saMskRta-myAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlama bar3A prayAsa kiyA hai tathA Ipsitatama ke atirikta karmabhedoM ko mandabuddhi logoM para anugraha karane ke lie prapaMcita batalAyA hai / vAstava meM Ipsitatama ke rUpa meM ekamAtra karma hai, jise anya bheda karane para mukhya karma kahate haiN| tathApi prapaMca ke lie hI sahI, karma ke bheda kiye gaye haiN| sarvaprathama hama pANini ke anusAra karma ke do bheda kareM-(1) Ipsitatama tathA ( 2 ) sUtrAntaroM meM lakSita / Ipsitatama ke tIna bheda haiM -nirvayaM, vikArya tathA prApya' / dUsare sUtroM meM lakSita karma cAra prakAra ke haiM - udAsIna, dveSya, akathita ( saMjJAntara se avivakSita ) tathA anyapUrvaka 2 / isa prakAra kula 7 bheda haiN| (1) nirvayaM karma ----bhartRhari ne isake do prakAra ke lakSaNa diye haiM, tathApi donoM kA phalitArtha samAna hai / prathama lakSaNa hai-- 'satI vA'vidyamAnA vA prakRtiH pariNAminI / yasya nAzrIyate tasya nirvaya'tvaM pracakSate // --vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 47 nirvatita ( utpanna yA abhivyakta ) honevAle ghaTAdi padArtha kI prakRti cAhe sat ho ( jaise ghaTa kI prakRti mRttikA ), cAhe avidyamAna ho ( jaise zabda kI prakRti saMyogAdi ); yadi abhinna rUpa meM svIkRta na ho ( pariNAminI = abhedarUpA ), 'mRdaM ghaTaM karoti' ke rUpa meM vivakSita na ho, pratyuta 'mRdA ghaTaM karoti' isa prakAra bhedarUpa meM hI vivakSita ho-taba prakRti ke sAtha bhinna rUpa meM vivakSA hone para nivartya karma kahalAtA hai| __ vastu kI kAraNAvasthA se kAryAvasthA meM Ane kI bAta para dArzanikoM meM do vibhinna mata dikhalAyI par3ate haiM / ve haiM --asatkAryavAda tathA satkAryavAda / asatkAryavAda nyAya-vaizeSika dvArA svIkRta mata hai, jisameM kAraNanAza ke bAda kAryotpatti mAnI jAtI hai / inakA mata hai-'sataH kAraNAdasatkArya jAyate' / pUrvadravya kI cUMki pUrNanivRtti ke anantara dravyAntara kI utpatti hotI hai, ataH dravyAntara kI sattA usakI utpatti ke pUrva mAnanA sambhava nahIM / tadanusAra koI bhI kArya naye rUpa meM utpanna hotA hai| dUsarI ora, satkAryavAda ke pratipAdaka sAMkhyAdi ( advaitavedAntI, vaiyAkaraNa )4 kahate haiM ki kAraNAvasthA meM kArya avyakta rahatA hai jo vyakta ho jAne para kArya kahalAtA hai / sAMkhyakArikA ( kA0 9 ) meM isa mata ke samarthana meM pAMca yuktiyAM dI 1. 'nirvayaM ca vikArya ca prApyaM ceti tridhA matam / tatrepsitatamaM karma caturdhAnyattu kalpitam // -vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 45 2. 'audAsInyena yatprApyaM yacca karturanIpsitam / ___ saMjJAntarairanAkhyAtaM yadyaccApyanyapUrvakam' // -vahI, 3 / 7 / 46 3. 'vyUhAntarAd dravyAntarotpattidarzanaM pUrvadravyanivRtteranumAnam' / -nyAyasUtra 3 / 2 / 16 para nyAyabhASya 4. tulanIya-vai0 bhU0 ( pR0 106 ) 'saditi svarItyA sAhyAdimate ca' /

Page #207
karma-kAraka 187 gayI haiM / isa siddhAnta ke anusAra kArya kI utpatti nahIM hotI, abhivyakti yA pariNati hotI hai / bhartRhari nirvartya karma ke dUsare lakSaNa meM ina donoM matoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate haiM ki vastu cAhe naiyAyikoM ke anusAra asat-rUpa meM janma le rahI ho yA sat-rUpa meM rahakara hI janma ke dvArA abhivyakta ho rahI ho -- donoM hI sthitiyoM meM vaha nirvartya hai 'yatsajjAyate, sadvA janmanA yatprakAzate / nirvartyam .." "I - vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 49 kisI bhI sthiti meM 'ghaTaM karoti' isa vAkya meM sthita ghaTa - zabda se vAcya vastu nirvartya karma hai, kyoMki isakA janma hotA hai yA janma dvArA ise prakAzita kiyA gayA hai / prakRti kI vahA~ carcA hI nahIM hai, ataH prathama lakSaNa meM carcita abheda-vivakSA bhI nahIM hai | samanvaya ke lie kahA jA sakatA hai ki nirvartya karma kI prakRti ( kAraNa ) vidyamAna ho yA avidyamAna - janma ke dvArA use prakAzita kiyA hI jAtA hai| helArAja satkAryavAda kI ora jhukate hue kahate haiM ki yahA~ janma zabda se sat kA prakAzana hI vivakSita hai, kyoMki janma zabda se prakRti kI vivakSA hone para karma vikArya ho jAtA hai / bhartRhari ne prathama lakSaNa meM hI avidyamAna prakRti se karma ke dvArA nirvartita hone kI carcA kI hai - 'asajjAyate arthAt janmanA prakAzyate' kahakara isa dvitIya lakSaNa meM usI kA ullekha kiyA hai / yahA~ vizeSa tathya yaha hai ki 'putraM prasUte' tathA 'zabda prayuGkte' ina vAkyoM meM kukSi meM sthita ( vidyamAna ) putra kA tathA vivakSita zabda kA prasava aura prayoga ke dvArA prakAzana hotA hai / isalie sat kA prakAzana hI yahA~ janma hai / tathApi bhartRhari ke dvArA nirUpita nirvartyaM karma ke donoM lakSaNoM meM yahI bheda hai ki prathama lakSaNa jahA~ loka-pratIti para Azrita hai, vahIM dUsarA lakSaNa do vibhinna dArzanika dRSTikoNa bhI prastuta karatA hai / ( 2 ) vikArya karma - nirvartya ke samAna hI isake do prakAra ke lakSaNa diye jAte haiM / nirvartya ke prathama lakSaNa se sambandha lakSaNa hai - 'prakRtestu vivakSAyAM vikAryam' ( vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 48 ) / nirvartya karma meM jahA~ prakRti kI vivakSA nahIM hotI hai, jaise'ghaTaM karoti' vahIM vikArya karma meM prakRti kI vivakSA hotI hai aura vaha bhI abhinnarUpa meM, jaise - 'mRdaM ghaTaM karoti' / mRttikA ( prakRti ) tathA ghaTa ( vikRti ) ke bIca yahA~ kAraNa- kArya yA prakRti - vikRti kA sambandha hai, kintu donoM ko abhinnarUpa se karma banAkara hI prayoga kiyA gayA hai / spaSTa hai ki vikAra kA viSaya mRttikA hai, jise ghaTa ke rUpa meM badalA gayA hai| tadanusAra mRttikA vikArya karma hai aura ghaTa nirvartya hai tathA prakRti vikArya hai aura vikRti nirvartya - yahI vyavasthA hai / isI prakAra 'kAzAn ( prakRti-vikAryaM karma ) kaTaM ( nirvartya ) karoti' tathA 'aGgArAn bhasma karoti' ityAdi meM kAza tathA aMgAra vikArya karma haiM / vikArya ke dUsare lakSaNa meM bhartRhari vizleSaNAtmaka vyAkhyA dete haiM

Page #208
188 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana 'prakRtyucchedasambhUtaM kiJcitkASThAdibhasmavat / kiJcid guNAntarotpattyA suvarNAdivikAravat // -vA0pa0 3 / 7 / 50 isake anusAra vikArya karma do prakAra se hotA hai| kabhI-kabhI prakRti ke uccheda ( nAza ) se utpanna hotA hai, jaise--'kASThaM bhasma karoti' / isameM kASTha vikArya karma hai jisakA nAza hotA hai| kabhI-kabhI prakRti kA nAza to nahIM hotA, kintu usameM dUsare guNa utpanna ho jAte haiM jaise- 'suvarNa kuNDalaM karoti' / yahA~ suvarNa vikArya karma hai|' yadyapi vikArya karma ke udAharaNa kI uparyukta vyavasthA sarvathA tarkasaMgata tathA 2dIkSita, kauNDabhaTTAdi AcAryoM ke dvArA svIkRta bhI hai, tathApi bhartRhari ke vyAkhyAkAra helArAja isase pRthak vicAra rakhate haiM / unakA kathana hai ki 'kASThAni bhasma karoti' meM pUrvalakSaNa ke anusAra prakRti-vikRti bhAva hai aura donoM kA kriyA se sambandha hai| prakRti ( kASTha ) kI avivakSA hone para bhasma' nirvartya hai, kintu jahA~ donoM kI vivakSA sAtha hI ho, vahA~ 'bhasma' vikArya hai / helArAja donoM vikArya-lakSaNoM kA bheda batalAte hue Age kahate haiM ki isa 'prakRtyuccheda' vAle lakSaNa meM yaha vizeSatA hai ki prakRti kI avivakSA hone para bhI bhasmAdi kArya-rUpa vizeSa se kASThAdi kA nAza karake utpanna huA hai- isa pratIti ke kAraNa vaha ( bhasma ) vikArya karma hogaa| prathama lakSaNa ke anusAra prakRti sAkSAt vikArya karma hai aura usase abhinna hone ke kAraNa usakA vikAra bhI usa koTi meM AtA hai tathA dvitIya lakSaNa ke anusAra vikAra hI sAkSAt vikArya karma hai ( helArAja 3 / 7 / 50 para ) / kintu vAstava meM helArAja kA yaha samajhanA ki bhartRhari ke donoM lakSaNoM meM bheda hai, satya kA tiraskAra hai / prathama lakSaNa jahA~ vikArya karma kA sAmAnya lakSaNa detA hai ki prakRti kI vivakSA hone para ( use hI ) vikArya karma kahate haiM, vahIM dUsarA lakSaNa usakA vargIkaraNa karatA hai / ataH ve eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiM, paraspara vikalpa yA utsargApavAda ke rUpa meM nahIM / dUsarI bAta yaha ki 'kASThaM bhasma karoti' meM helArAja yadi bhasma ko vikArya mAnate haiM to kASTha ko karma mAnane ke lie abheda-sambandha se usa para vikAryatva kA Aropa hogA, jo anucita hai| tIsare 'vikArya' pada kI sArthakatA kASTha ( arthAt prakRti ) ko hI vikArya karma mAnane meM hai; bhasma to svayaM vikAra arthAt nirvartya hai, jo kASThanAza ke anantara niSpanna hotA hai / isalie paravartI AlocakoM ne kahA hai ki kASTha aura suvarNa ke pariNAmitva ( abhinnatA yA parivartanazIlatA ) kI vivakSA rahe yA nahIM, bhasma tathA kuNDala nirvartya karma hai, kASTha aura suvarNa hI vikArya haiN|' 1. 'atra kASThasuvarNayoH pariNAmitvavivakSAvivakSayorapi bhasmakUNDalarUpakarmaNo. nirvartyataiva / kASThasuvarNayostu vikaarytvmityvidheym'| -vai0 bhU0, pR0 106 2. 'iha bhasmakuNDalayonirvaya'tvameveti bodhym'| -za0 ko0 2, pR0 129 3. kASTha ke vikAryatva kI upapatti ke lie kauNDabhaTTa bahuta saceSTa haiM / draSTavya

Page #209
karma-kAraka 189 yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki vikArya karma kA udAharaNa dene meM hama prakRti-vikRti kA sambandha dikhalAyeM hI / jaise 'ghaTaM karoti' meM prakRti ke abhAva meM bhI nirvartya karma kI upapatti ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra vikRti ke abhAva meM 'kANDa lunAti', 'carma karoti' ityAdi udAharaNoM meM vikArya karma dekhA jA sakatA hai| tadanusAra 'karmaNyaNa' ( pA0 3 / 2 / 1) sUtra se kANDalAvaH, carmakAraH, lauhakAraH ityAdi siddha hote haiN| svarNakAra, lauhakAra Adi zilpiyoM ke lie svarNa, lauha Adi vikArya haiM, jinheM ve vibhinna rUpa dete haiM / ye vikRta rUpa nirvartya haiN| (3 ) prApya karma-karma kA yaha bheda uparyukta zaMkAoM tathA vivAdoM se mukta hai / isakA lakSaNa hai 'kriyAkRtavizeSANAM siddhiryatra na gamyate / darzanAdanumAnAdvA tatprApyamiti kathyate' // -vA0pa0 3 / 7 / 51 prApya karma vaha hai jisake sAtha kriyA kA sAmAnya sambandha jJAta rahatA hai, kintu usa kriyA ke dvArA utpanna honevAlI vizeSatAoM kA ( jaise vastu ke guNa yA dravya kA parivartana ) jJAna pratyakSa yA anumAna se nahIM miltaa| helArAja ke anusAra nirvayaM karma meM pratyakSa ke dvArA vastu kI nirvatti yA Atmopalabdhi ke rUpa meM kriyAkRta-vizeSa kA jJAna hotA hai / vikArya meM vikAra-rUpa kriyAkRta-vizeSa pratyakSasiddha hai| kabhIkabhI anumAna se bhI ukta vizeSa kA nizcaya hotA hai| jaise kisI dUsare vyakti meM sthita sukhAdi kA jJAna usake mukha kI prasannatA Adi liMga dekhakara kiyA jAtA hai| prApya karma ke udAharaNa haiM- 'rUpaM pazyati, AdityaM pazyati, vedamadhIte, grAmaM gacchati' ityAdi / darzanAdi kriyAoM kA koI vizeSa ( prabhAva ) rUpAdi karmoM para par3a rahA hai-isakA sAkSI na to pratyakSa hai aura na hI anumAna / pramANoM ke dvArA kriyA kA kevala sambandha hI lakSita hotA hai| vaha sambandha hI vizeSa hai, aisI bAta nahIM / grAma meM jo gamanakriyA se janita saMyoga ( jo dviSTha hai ) vizeSa ke rUpa meM hai, vaha himAlaya ko aMguli meM chUne ke samAna alakSya hai, kyoMki grAma aura puruSa ke pariNAmoM meM bahuta antara hai / ( helArAja 2, pR0 270 ) / prApya karma meM kriyAkRta vizeSatAoM kI sattA nahIM honI cAhie, aisA kahA gayA hai| kucha loga isa AdhAra para prApya karma kA astitva hI nahIM mAnate, kyoki kriyAjanya vizeSatAoM kA to avadhAraNa sarvatra sambhava hai / yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki sUkSmatA ke kAraNa sabhI loga unakA nizcaya nahIM kara pAte / sthala-vizeSatA hone para to usakA nizcaya karanA kaThina nahIM hI hai / kucha sarpa aise hote haiM jinakI A~khoM meM hI viSa (vai0 bhU0 pR0 106 )-'nanu kASThaM vikAryaM karmetyuktamayuktam / kriyAjanyaphalAzrayasvAbhAvAditi cedatrAhuH / prakRtivikRtyorabhedavivakSayA niruuddhyotpttyaashryaa| yadvA kASThAni vikurvan bhasma. karotItyarthaH / ( taNDulamodanaM pacatItyatra ) taNDulAn vikledayannodanaM nivartayatItivat' /

Page #210
190 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana rahatA hai| aise sarpa yadi kisI viSaya ko dekhate haiM to spaSTata: vaha viSaya viSAkta ho jAtA hai / isI prakAra bhayotpAdaka puruSoM kA kisI dUsare ko dekhanA avazya hI kucha prabhAva utpanna karatA hai / isake sAdharmya se anyatra bhI dArzanika kriyAoM se utpanna honevAlI vizeSatAoM kA nirdeza kiyA jA sakatA hai / cumbaka kA lohe para yA phiTakarI ( kataka ) kA jala para prabhAva dekhA jA sakatA hai / isake uttara meM helArAja kahate haiM-(1) hIM-kahIM aisI vizeSatA hone se sarvatra nahIM ho jaaygii| (2) prApya karma meM cacita vikAra yA vizeSatA kI sattA kriyA ke phala meM honI cAhie, na ki usake hetu meM dekhalAyI par3anevAle ye viSaya kriyA ke hetu haiM, phala nahIM / (3) sAdi ke udAharaNa meM teja ke saMyoga se viSaya meM vikAra hotA hai, kriyA kA usameM koI hAtha nahIM hai / cumbaka aura phiTakarI ke udAharaNoM meM vastu kA hI svabhAva aisA hai jisameM kriyAkRta vikRti nahIM hotii| ataH kriyAjanya vikAra se nirapekSa prApya karma kI sattA hai| phira bhI yaha prazna uTha sakatA hai ki jaba prApya karma kA kisI vikAra se sambandha hI nahIM hai taba yaha kriyA kI niSpatti meM kaise sahAyatA pahu~cA sakegA? kAraka yA sAdhanA hone ke lie kisI ko kriyAsiddhi kA aMga honA anivArya hai| isa prazna kA uttara bhartRhari hI dete haiM ki kriyAsiddhi ke lie prApya karma tIna prakAra ke vizeSoM kI vyavasthA rakhatA hai jo kriyA ke hetu haiM, usase utpanna nahIM / ye haiM 'AbhAsopagamo vyaktiH soDhatvamiti karmaNaH / vizeSAH prApyamANasya kriyAsiddhau vyvsthitaaH|| -vA0 pa0 37 / 53 ka) AbhAsopagama ( yogya deza meM sthiti )-koI bhI viSaya yogya sthAna meM ava ta rahatA hai tabhI darzana, gamanAdi kriyAoM kA viSaya banakara unakA upakAra karatA hai / yadi vaha aise sthAna meM ho jahA~ indriyoM kI zakti pahu~ca hI nahIM sakatI yA anAvazyaka sthAna meM vaha sthita rahe to sambandha kriyA kA upakAra usameM nahIM hogaa| kintu jaba kriyA upakRta hotI hai taba viSaya avazya hI yogya deza meM haiaisA vizeSa pratIta hotA hai| kintu yaha vizeSa kriyA kA upakAraka ( sAdhana ) hai, phala nahIM / yaha kriyA kI siddhi karatA hai, kriyA se utpanna nahIM hotaa| (kha) vyakti ( prakAzana )-darzanAdi kriyA meM vastu ke prakAzana ke rUpa meM kriyA kA upakAra hotA hai, kyoMki yogya deza meM sthita hone para bhI prakAzana tabhI hogA jaba prakAza ke pratibandhaka ( kuhelikAdi ) padArthoM kA abhAva ho tathA pradIpAdi kI sattA ho| isalie abhivyakti darzana-kriyA kA sAdhana yA aMga hai| vastu ke 1. tulanIya-vA0pa0 37 / 52 tathA usa para helArAja 'vizeSalAbhaH sarvatra vidyate darzanAdibhiH / keSAJcittadabhivyaktisiddhirdaSTaviSAdiSu' /

Page #211
karma-kAraka 191 pratyakSa na hone ke kaI kAraNa hote haiM; jaise-adhika dUrI, atisAmIpya, indriya kI akSamatA, mana kI asthiratA ityAdi ( draSTavya-sAMkhyakArikA, 7 ) / ataH vastu ke AvaraNa-bhaMga ke rUpa meM abhivyakti Avazyaka hai / kauNDabhaTTa AvaraNa-bhaMga ko kriyAkRta vizeSa mAnakara yaha samAdhAna prastuta karate haiM ki pratipattA ke atirikta kisI aura puruSa ko yaha vizeSa jJAta nahIM hotA, yahI kriyAkRta vizeSa kA artha hai|' (ga ) soDhatva ( bodha kI kSamatA )-yogya deza meM sthiti aura AvaraNabhaMga ke ke atirikta dRzya viSaya kA svabhAvataH bodha ke yogya honA hI Avazyaka hai / anyathA adRzya svabhAvavAle devatAoM-rAkSasoM ko yA manuSya meM chipe guNoM-durgaNoM ko koI kaise dekha sakatA hai ? ina tInoM atizayoM ke kAraNa darzana-kriyA ke prati prApya karma sAdhana banatA hai| isI prakAra anya kriyAoM meM bhI inakA yathAyogya nirUpaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| 'grAmaM gacchati' meM grAma icchA kA viSaya hai, yogya deza meM sthita hai, gamana ke yogya ( soDhatva ) hai-ataH ye atizaya gamana-kriyA ke sAdhaka haiN| inake abhAva meM gamanakriyA aniSpanna raha jaatii| 'vedamadhIte' meM veda adhyayana-kSama ( yogya ) hai| 'mAtaraM smarati' meM upakAramayI mAtA krUra-hRdaya putra ke bhI smRti-patha meM Akara smaraNa-kriyA kI siddhi karatI hai| yadi Ipsitatama kI vivakSA na ho to sambandha-sAmAnya meM zeSaSaSThI bhI hotI hai-'mAtuH smrti'| mImAMsaka, advaitavedAntI tathA sArasvatakArAdi vaiyAkaraNa ina tIna karmoM ke atirikta eka 'saMskArya' karma kI sattA mAnate haiM / pANinitantra meM ( jaise bAlamanoramA meM vAsudevadIkSita ) ise vikArya se abhinna samajhA jAtA hai| kintu mImAMsaka kahate haiM ki darpaNa ke vimalIkaraNa-jaise udAharaNoM meM na to kAraNanAza hai aura na guNAntara kI utpatti hI hai, ataH yaha vikArya meM antarbhUta nahIM ho sakatA / prApya karma meM bhI isakA antarbhAva sambhava nahIM, kyoMki darpaNa kA vimalIkaraNa kriyAjanya vizeSa kI siddhi ( - svacchatA ) pratyakSa se hI jJAta ho jAtI hai| darpaNa meM unake anusAra saMskAra nAmaka atizaya utpanna hotA hai jo na kevala pratipattA ( kartA ) ke dvArA jJeya hai, pratyuta dUsare bhI ise jAna sakate haiM / isI prakAra sArasvatakAra guNAdhAna ( vastraM raJjayati rajakaH ) tathA malApakarSaNa ( vastraM kSAlayati rajaka: ) ke rUpa meM dvividha atizaya svIkAra karate haiM / kabhI-kabhI pUrvajanmakRta zubhAzubha saMskAra kI bAta kI jAtI hai, jisase 'rAjyaM prApnoti miSThaH' meM rAjya saMskArya karma siddha hotA hai / 2 karma ke anya bheda (1) udAsIna karma-pANini ke 'tathAyuktaM cAnIpsitam' sUtra ke dvArA do prakAra ke karmoM ko lakSita kiyA jAtA hai-udAsIna aura dveSya / sAMkhyadarzana ke 1. vai0 bhU0, pR0 106 / 2. draSTavya-gurupada hAldAra, vyA0 da0 i0, pR0 283 /

Page #212
192 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana anusAra triguNAtmaka viSaya meM jaba tamoguNa kA Adhikya hotA hai, taba vaha udAsIna pratIta hotA hai / rajoguNa ke udbhava se vahI dveSya tathA sattvaguNa ke prAbalya se ( donoM anya guNoM kA abhibhava hone se ) vahI viSaya Ipsitatama bhI kahalA sakatA hai / ataH ina karmoM ke udAharaNoM meM avasthA-bheda ke dvArA niyamana kI bAta nahIM bhUlanI cAhie / viSa jo mukhyataH dveSya hai, avasthAbheda se Ipsita aura udAsIna bhI ho sakatA hai / udAsIna karma kA udAharaNa prAyaH diyA jAtA hai-'grAmaM gacchaMstRNaM spRzati' / tRNa kartA kA anuddezya hone para bhI kriyAjanya saMyogarUpa phala dhAraNa karatA hai| (2) dveSya karma--jo Ipsita nahIM ho, aniSTa-sAdhana ho kintu kriyAphala dhAraNa kara rahA ho, vaha dveSya karma hai; jaise--viSaM bhuGakte, caurAn pazyati ityAdi meM viSa aura caura / Upara isakA vivecana kiyA jA cukA hai| ( 3 ) saMjJAntara se avivakSita karma-ise akathita yA gauNa karma bhI kahate haiN| duha, yAca Adi dvikarmaka dhAtuoM ke prayoga meM jo vastu apAdAna Adi vizeSa saMjJAoM se avivakSita ho use bhI karmasaMjJA hotI hai; jaise-'gAM dogdhi payaH' meM gau| gau kI pUrvavidhi ( apAdAna ) meM prApti thI, kintu usakI vivakSA ke abhAva meM pUrvavidhi kI sarvathA aprApti ho jAne para akathita karmatva hotA hai / (4) anyapUrvaka karma-jaba dUsarI kAraka-saMjJAoM kA bAdha karake zastra ke dvArA hI karmasaMjJA kA vidhAna kiyA jAya to use anyapUrvaka karma kahate haiM / aSTAdhyAyI ke kArakAdhikaraNa meM isake kaI sthala haiM: yathA (ka ) kruSahorupasRSTayoH karma (1|4|38)-iske pUrva krudha, druha Adi dhAtuoM ke prayoga meM jisake prati kopa hotA hai, use sampradAna-saMjJA kA vidhAna hai| prastu zAstra ke dvArA kevala krudha aura druha dhAtuoM meM yadi upasarga lagA ho to kopa ke vi 'pa ko karmasaMjJA kA vidhAna hotA hai; jaise-devadattam abhikrudhyati, abhidruhyati / kintu u (sarga nahIM hone para-devadattAya krudhyati ityAdi hI hogaa| upasarga ke kAraNa saMjJA meM bheda par3ane kA koI dArzanika kAraNa pratIta nahIM hotA / sambhavataH yaha prayoga para Azrita ho| athavA mUlarUpa meM karmapravacanIya ke yoga meM dvitIyA vibhakti kA prayoga hotA rahA ho, jisane kAlAntara meM rUDha hokara upasargasahita krudhAdi ke yoga meM karmasaMjJA kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA ho| (kha ) divaH karma ca ( 1 / 4 / 53 )--sAdhakatama ( kriyAsiddhi meM prakRSTa upakAraka ) ko karaNa saMjJA kA vidhAna hai| prastuta sUtra div-dhAtu ( khelanA ) ke sAdhakatama ko karmasaMjJA kA bhI vidhAna karatA hai; jaise-akSardIvyati ( karaNa ), akSAn dIvyati ( karma ) / yahA~ donoM saMjJAoM kI sArthakatA samajhI jA sakatI hai| jue ke pAsoM ko jaba koI Ipsitatama samajhatA hai taba unakI karmasaMjJA hotI hai aura jaba unheM vijayAdi ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM prayoga ke yogya mAnatA hai taba karaNa-saMjJA bhI hotI hai / 'pANini ke samaya inake ubhayavidha prayoga hote the| 'devanA akSAH' ( jue khelane ke sAdhana pAse-dIvyanta ebhiriti karaNe lyuTa ) meM karaNasaMjJA tathA

Page #213
karma-kAraka 193 'dIvyante'kSAH' ( pAse khele jAte haiM--karmavAcya ) meM karmasaMjJA- isa prakAra donoM kA pRthaka avakAza bhI zabdakaustubha ( khaM02, pR0 127 ) meM dikhalAyA gayA hai / (ga) adhizIsthAsAM karma ( 1 / 4 / 46 )-kriyAzraya-bhUta kartA aura karma ke AdhAra ko adhikaraNa-saMjJA hotI hai, jisakA bAdha karake prastuta sUtra adhipUrvaka zI, sthA aura As dhAtuoM ke prayoga meM unake AdhAra ko karmasaMjJA kA vidhAna karatA hai| jaise -'adhizete adhitiSThati adhyAste vA vaikuNThaM hariH / vaikuNTha vAstava meM una kriyAoM kA AdhAra hai, kintu adhikaraNa ke sthAna meM karmasaMjJA hI hotI hai| yahAM bhI karmapravacanIya ke pUrvaprayoga se vikasita karmasaMjJA kI pratIti hotI hai / (gha ) mabhinivizazca (1 / 4 / 47 )- abhi tathA ni ( saMyukta ) ke bAda viz-dhAtu kA prayoga ho to isake adhikaraNa ko karmasaMjJA hotI hai; jaise--- grAmamabhinivizate ( grAma ke prati AgrahavAn hai ) / abhiniveza = Agraha / yaha akarmaka kriyA hai, isI se adhikaraNa ke sthAna meM karmasaMjJA kA vidhAna hai / praveza karane ke artha meM to 'grAmaM gacchati' ke samAna karmasaMjJA apane-Apa siddha hai; jaise--- 'dharmAraNyaM pravizati' ( abhi0 zaku0 1 / 30 ), 'nivizestaM nagendram' ( megha0 1 / 65 ), 'grAmamabhinivizate' ( gAMva meM praveza karatA hai ) / ye sabhI prApya karma haiM / Agraha ke artha meM bhI karma saMjJA kA vaikalpika prayoga dekhA jAtA hai; jaise-'pApe'bhinivezaH; eSvartheSvabhiniviSTAnAm' / ( bhASya 2 / 1 / 1) / ina prayogoM kA samarthana, 'parikrayaNe sampradAnamanyatarasyAm' ( pA0 1 / 4 / 44 ) se maNDUkapluti-nyAya se 'anyatarasyAm' kI anuvRtti lAkara kiyA jA sakatA hai / zabdakaustubhakAra yahA~ 'ni' upasarga meM 'abhi' kI apekSA alpatara svaravarNa rahane para bhI usake paranipAta kA kAraNa batalAte haiM ki isI AnupUrvI se viziSTa samudAya kI vivakSA kI jA sake, vyatyaya yA akele upasarga ke yoga meM nahIM hoM-yahI sUtrakAra kA uddezya hai / isI se 'nivizate yadi zUkazikhA pade' ( naiSadhIya. 4 / 11 ) meM karmasaMjJA nahIM huii| hAM, yaha smaraNIya hai ki karmatva kI vivakSA hone para dvitIyA hogI hii| (5) upAnvadhyAvasaH (1 / 4 / 48)- upa, anu, adhi tathA AGa inameM se kisI bhI upasarga ke bAda yadi vas-dhAtu kA prayoga ho to usake AdhAra ko karmasaMjJA hotI hai; jaise-upavasati, anuvasati, adhivasati, Avasati vA grAma senaa| ina sabhI kriyAoM kA artha 'nivAsa karanA' hai| bhojana-nivRtti ke artha meM upapUrvaka vas-dhAtu ke AdhAra ko karma nahIM hotA, adhikaraNa hI rahatA hai| jaise-'vane upavasati' / isakA vizeSa vivecana adhikaraNa ke prasaMga meM hogaa| ye sabhI upasarga pahale karmapravacanIya ke rUpa meM prayukta hokara dvitIyA-vibhakti lete hoNge| bAda meM karmasaMjJA kI zreNI meM inheM lAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai-aisA anumAna hai|

Page #214
adhyAya : 6 karaNa-kAraka vyutpatti kR-dhAtu ( DukRJ karaNe ) se karaNa ke hI artha meM lyuT-pratyaya lagAne para karaNa zabda kI siddhi hotI hai, jisase isakA vyutpattijanya artha hotA hai jisake dvArA koI kArya sampanna ho ( kriyate'neneti ) / vibhinna zAstroM meM isakA grahaNa vividha arthoM meM kiyA gayA hai / vyAkaraNa meM yaha kAraka-vizeSa hai| nyAyazAstra meM prakRSTa kAraNa' ke artha meM tathA sAMkhyadarzana meM indriya, mana, ahaMkAra tathA buddhi kA sammilita bodha karAne ke lie isakA prayoga hotA hai| ina sabhI arthoM meM kArakavizeSa-rUpa karaNa ko hI mUla artha kaha sakate haiM, kyoMki pichale artha nyUnAdhika rUpa se usI se prabhAvita haiM / sAdhakatama kAraka pANini ne karaNa kA lakSaNa kiyA hai-'sAdhakatamaM karaNam' ( pA0 1 / 4 / 42 ) / sAdhaka kA artha hai--kriyAsiddhi meM upakAra ( sahAyatA) karane vAlA / atizaya ke pradarzanArtha tamap-pratyaya lagA hai ( 'atizAyane tamabiSThano' 5 / 3 / 55 ) / ataeva sUtrArtha hai ki kriyAsiddhi meM prakRSTa ( sabase adhika ) upakAra karane vAlA kAraka karaNa hai; yathA-'dAtreNa lunAti, parazunA chintti'| yahA~ lavana tathA chedana kriyAoM kI siddhi meM kramazaH dAtra ( haMsuA ) aura parazu parama upakAraka hai, ataH inheM karaNasaMjJA huI hai / sAmAnyatayA sabhI kAraka kriyAsiddhi meM pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa se upakAraka hote haiM, tathApi karaNa kI upakArakatA prakRSTa hai; isIlie tamap pratyaya lagAyA gayA hai / pataJjali isa sUtra para kiye gaye apane bhASya meM kevala isa tamap-pratyaya ke prayojana kA hI vivecana karate haiM / unake anusAra tamapa kA yaha prayojana nahIM ki sAmAnya rUpa se kriyA ke sAdhaka sabhI kArakoM meM atiprasaMga-doSa ke nivAraNArtha yaha pratyaya lagAkara karaNa ko atizAyana-stara diyA gayA hai / kAraNa yaha hai ki kAraka-prakaraNa meM, jahA~ pUrvAparakrama tathA vipratiSedha-paribhASA bhI prakrAnta hotI hai, karaNa ke pUrva AnevAle kAraka apavAda hone ke kAraNa ise vyartha kara deMge, kyoMki apavAda prabalatama bAdhaka hotA hai ( 'paranityAntaraGgApavAdAnAmuttarottaraM balIyaH'-pari0 ) / dUsarI ora, karaNa ke bAda meM Ane vAlI kArakasaMjJAe~ paratva ke kAraNa ( yadi ve sAvakAza hoM ) athavA anavakAza hone ke kAraNa ( yadi ve niravakAza hoM) karaNa-saMjJA kI bAdhikA 1. 'atizayitaM sAdhakaM sAdhakatamaM prakRSTaM kAraNamityarthaH' / 'tadetasya trividhasya kAraNasya madhye yadeva kathamapi sAtizayaM tadeva krnnm'| -tarkabhASA, pR0 19, 39 2. 'karaNaM trayodazavidham / tathA isa para tttvkaumudii| -sAMkhyakArikA, 32

Page #215
karaNa-kAraka 195 hoMgI' / isa prakAra bhale hI sabhI kAraka kriyA ke sAdhaka kyoM na hoM, yahAM 'sAdhakaM karaNam' kahane se kAma cala sakatA thA, kyoMki pUrva tathA para saMjJAe~ karaNa ko apane vyaktitva-sthApana ke lie samucita avakAza de sakatI thiiN| tamap-pratyaya kA artha : pUrvapakSa tathA uttarapakSa tathApi 'tamap' niSprayojana nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki 'dhanuSA vidhyati' ( dhanuSa se chedatA hai ) isa vAkya meM apAdAna tathA karaNa ina donoM saMjJAoM kI prApti ho sakatI hai / dhanuSa se bANa kA apAya hone ke kAraNa apAdAna tathA sAdhakatA kI sthiti meM karaNa-ye donoM saMjJAe~ prApta haiN| do saMjJAoM kA prasaMga hone para karaNa ke niravakAza hone se apAdAna saMjJA hI hogI, kyoMki karaNasaMjJA apAdAna se bhinna sthaloM meM sAvakAza hotI hai / phalataH 'dhanuSA vidhyati' vAkya kA samarthana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yadi hama karaNa ko sAdhakatama mAneM to donoM saMjJAoM ke viSayoM kA vibhAga ho jAyagA2-eka apAya dvArA sAdhaka hai, dUsarA yoM hI sAdhakatama hai / donoM ke sAvakAza hone kI sthiti meM paratva ke kAraNa karaNa-saMjJA hogI-'dhanuSA vidhyati'3 / punaH 'tamap' ko niSprayojana siddha karane ke lie laukika dRSTAnta dekara pataJjali pUrvapakSa kA utthApana karate haiN| jaba hama kahate haiM ki abhirUpa vyakti ke lie jala lAo, abhirUpa vara ko ( abhirUpAya ) kanyA denI cAhie, to anabhirUpa ( asundara, ayogya ) meM to hamArI pravRtti kabhI hotI hI nahIM; isake viparIta hama bodha karate haiM-abhirUpatama ke lie / tamap-pratyaya lagAye binA bhI isakA artha gamyamAna rahatA hai / usI prakAra 'sAdhakaM karaNam' kaha sakate the| yaha ThIka hai ki sabhI kAraka sAdhaka hI haiM, asAdhaka meM hamArI pravRtti hotI bhI nahIM ki use kAraka kheN| jitanI bAta pahale se avagata hI ho aura utanI hI bAta punaH vihita kI jAya to avazya hI isameM koI atizayatA yA vizeSatA gatArtha hotI hai| sAdhaka kArakoM ke bIca ( jahA~ sAdhakatA gamyamAna hai ) punaH sAdhaka ( zrUyamANa pada ke dvArA) karaNa kA nirdeza siddha kara degA ki 'sAdhakatama' kahane kA hI bhAva hogaa| yadi anya kArakoM kI pravRtti asAdhaka meM bhI hotI aura taba karaNa ko kahate ki yaha sAdhaka hai, taba sAdhaka kA bodha 'sAdhaka' ke rUpa meM ( sAdhakatva-prakAreNa ) hI hotA, kyoMki usI sthiti meM 1. 'naitadasti prayojanam / pUrvAstAvatsaMjJA apavAdatvAd bAdhikA bhaviSyanti / parAH paratvAdanavakAzatvAcca' / -mahAbhASya 2, pR0 259 2. 'atra saMjJAdvayaprasaGge niravakAzatvAdapAdAnasaMjJava syAt / karaNasaMjJA hyapAdAnAdanyatra saavkaashaa| tamagrahaNe tu sati viviktaviSayalAbhAdubhayodhanuSA vidhyatItyatra paratvAtkaraNasaMjJA sidhyati' / -uparyukta bhASya para pradIpa 3. 'dvayohi sAvakAzayoH samavasthitayovipratiSedho bhvti'| -bhASya 113pAtika

Page #216
196 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana sAdhakatva anadhigata artha kA gamaka hone ke kAraNa vidheya ho sakatA thA' / yadi sabhI kAraka sAdhaka hI haiM aura taba kaheM ki karaNa sAdhaka hai, to isa vidhi kA vidhitva yA prAmANya surakSita rakhane ke lie atizayatA kA artha apane-Apa A jAyagA aura 'sAdhakatama' kA bodha hogA / ataH tamap kA zabdazaH prayoga vyartha hai| jaba aisI bAta hai taba yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki AcArya pANini tamapa-pratyaya kA prayoga karake isa tathya kA jJApana karanA cAhate haiM ki kAraka-saMjJA meM uparyukta prakAra se tara-tama pratyayoM kA yoga nahIM haA karatA ( 'kAraka-saMjJAyAM taratamayogo na bhavati'- bhASya ) / isakA artha huA ki kArakoM ke lakSaNa meM binA tamap-pratyaya kA prayoga kiye hI prakarSa kA bodha hotA hai-'tamap' nahIM dene se prakarSa tathA sAmAnya donoM kA bodha hotA hai| udAharaNArtha apAdAna ke apAya-rUpa lakSaNoM meM 'tamap' kA prayoga nahIM hai, jisase 'grAmAdAgacchati' ( jahA~ samprApyanivRtti ke rUpa meM vAstavika apAdAna hai ) ke samAna 'sAGkAzyakebhyaH pATaliputrakA abhirUpatarAH' ( jahA~ buddhigata apAdAna hai ) kI siddhi bhI ho sakatI hai| yadi 'apAyatama' kA prayoga hotA to kevala vAstavika apAdAna hI isake adhikAra meM A sakatA thA, bauddhika apAdAna nhiiN| sabhI prakAra ke apAyoM ko apAdAna meM antarbhUta karane ke lie tamapa-pratyaya kA aprayoga hai| isI prakAra adhikaraNa ke lakSaNa meM yadi tamap laga jAtA ( 'AdhAratamo'dhikaraNam' ) to jahA~ sampUrNa AdhAra vyApta hotA kevala usI sthAna meM ( vAstavika AdhAra meM ) adhikaraNa hotA; jaise--tileSu tailam / dani sarpiH ( dahI meM ghI hai ) / yahA~ sabhI avayavoM se avayavI vyApta ho rahA hai / dUsarI ora, 'gaGgAyAM gAvaH' ( gaMgA ke taTa para gAyeM haiM ), 'kUpe gargakulam ( kue~ ke samIpa garga ke parivAra kA ghara hai )-aise sAmIpyAdi para Azrita, prakalpita AdhAra ke sthaloM meM adhikaraNa nahIM hotaa| kAraNa yaha hai ki gau ke dvArA gaMgA yA gargakula ke dvArA kUpa vyApta nahIM hote haiN| kintu pANini ne to 'tamap' kA prayoga kiyA nhiiN| isase sabhI prakAra ke AdhAroM ko adhikaraNa meM antarbhUta kara lenA unakA uddezya rahA hogaa| __ kAraka-prakaraNa meM 'tamap' kA prayoga kevala do sthAnoM para huA hai-'sAdhakatamaM karaNam' (1 / 4 / 42) tathA 'karturIpsitatamaM karma' ( 1 / 4 / 49 ) / ina sthaloM meM pANini kA uddezya kevala prakarSa kA dyotana karanA hai, sAmAnya kA nhiiN| yahA~ prakarSabodhaka 'tamap' ke prayoga ke binA kevala sAmarthya se pratIta hone vAle prakarSa kA bodha nahIM hotA / dUsare zabdoM meM, jisa prakAra sabhI AdhAroM ko adhikaraNa yA sabhI apAyoM ko apAdAna hotA hai, usI prakAra sabhI sAdhakoM ko karaNa yA sabhI IpsitoM ko karma 1. tulanIya-( arthasaMgraha, pR0 54 ) 'vidhiratyantamaprApte' / RgbhASyabhUmikA-sAyaNa, pR0 6-'anadhigatArthagantR prmaannm'| 2. 'tatra tamazrutiretajjJApayati prakarSapratyayagrahaNamantareNeha prakaraNe sAmarthyagamyaH prakoM naadhiiyte| -kaiyaTa-pradIpa 2, pR0 259

Page #217
197 nahIM kaha sakate haiM / karma kA bhI bandhana bahuta dUra taka zithila hotA hai, karaNa kA bilakula nhiiN| isameM gauNa aura mukhya ke adhikAra para prazna chir3atA hai to mukhya kA hI kArya dekhA jAtA hai, gauNa kA nahIM ( 'gauNamukhyayoH mukhya kAryasampratyayaH' -pari0 zekhara, 15 ) / anya kArakoM meM gauNa aura mukhya donoM kA kSetra samAnarUpa se rahatA hai| prakarSa kA artha kriyA kI siddhi meM atizaya sAdhaka yA upakAraka honA-isa prakAra karaNa kA lakSaNa nizcita huA hai| aba hameM dekhanA hai ki sAdhakoM meM isa atizayatA yA prakarSa kA vAstavika artha kyA hai ? kriyAsiddhi meM aneka sAdhana A-Akara kartA kI sahAyatA karate haiM / inheM 'sannipatyopakArI'' kahA jAtA hai| ina sAdhanoM meM sabhI samAna rUpa se upakAra nahIM kara pAte-inakA paurvAparya rahatA hai| jisa upakAraka padArtha ke vyApAra ke anantara hI kriyA kI siddhi ho jAtI hai, thor3A bhI vilamba nahIM hotAusI ko sAdhakatama kahate haiM; vahI karaNa hai / ataH sAdhaka ke prakarSa kA artha kriyAsiddhi ke avyavahita pUrva meM AnA aura apane vyApAra ke bAda turaMta lakSyAvagAhana karanA hai / bhartRhari isa prakarSa kA nirUpaNa karaNalakSaNa ke prasaMga meM isa prakAra karate haiM "kriyAyAH pariniSpattiryavyApArAdanantaram / vivakSyate yadA tatra karaNatvaM tadA smRtam ||-vaa0p0 3 / 7 / 90 jisa ( upakAraka ) ke vyApAra ke turaMta bAda hI kriyA kI samyak siddhi hone kI vivakSA kI jAya, taba usI ( upakAraka ) meM karaNa-kAraka hotA hai| udAharaNa ke lie chedana-kriyA kI siddhi meM dAtra ( ha~suA ) chedya padArtha meM ghusa kara avayava kA vibhAga sampanna kara detA hai aura adhikaraNAdi dUsare kArakoM kI apekSA prakRSTa upakAraka kahalAtA hai / yahAM dAtra kA vyApAra hai-anupraveza tathA kriyAsiddhi kA svarUpa hai-avayavoM kA vibhAjana / anupraveza ke turaMta hI bAda meM avayavavibhAga ho jAtA hai, pratyuta donoM ke madhya kAlavyavadhAna kI pratIti bhI nahIM hotii| tabhI hama kaha pAte haiM-dAtreNa chinatti / isI prakAra 'cakSuSA pazyati' meM cakSu ko praNihita karanA karaNavyApAra hai, darzana kriyA hai, jo vyApAra kA avyavahita anusaraNa karatI hai| yahA~ bhI isa tathya para dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki kriyAsiddhi ke jo sAdhana mAne jAte haiM ve buddhi kI avasthA para Azrita haiN| unakI bAhya sattA kA svarUpa jo bhI ho, unheM vaktA kI icchA ke anusAra rUpa-grahaNa karanA hai / ataeva ukta udAharaNoM 1. vA0 50 3 / 7 / 90 para helArAja dvArA prayukta / 2. tulanIya, sara0 kaNThA0 ( 1 / 1155 ) para nArAyaNavRtti-kriyAsiddhau yat prakRSTopakArakatvenAvyavadhAnena vivakSitaM tatkArakaM karaNasaMzaM bhavati' / 3. "sAdhanavyavahArasya ca buddhyavasthAsamAzrayatvAd 'vivakSyate' ityAha / vivakSopArUDha eva hyartho vyAkaraNe'Ggam, bAhyavastusattetyarthaH / -helArAja ( ukta kArikA para )

Page #218
198 saMskRta-gyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana meM dAtra evaM cakSu kA karaNatva bhI vivakSAdhIna hai| vaktA kahanA cAhatA hai ki inake vyApAroM ke bAda hI kriyAsiddhi ho gayI / yadi vaktA kahanA cAhe ki bala ke vyApAra ke bAda chedana-kriyA hotI hai yA Aloka-vyApAra ke anantara darzana-kriyA niSpanna hotI hai to uparyukta dAtrAdi kA tiraskAra karake hameM kahanA hogA-balena lunAti, Alokena pazyati / isI vivakSA ke kAraNa kisI padArtha ko nizcita rUpa se karaNa ke rUpa meM vyavasthita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki yaha padArtha amuka kriyA kI siddhi meM sadA karaNa hI rhegaa| vaktA kaba kisa padArtha ke vyApAra ke bAda kriyAniSpatti mAnegAisakA koI nizcaya nahIM hai / pAka-kriyA meM sthAlI kA adhikaraNa-bhAva atyanta prasiddha hai| hama prayoga karate haiM 'sthAlyAM pacati', kyoMki pAka-kriyA kI niSpatti meM sthAlI AdhAra kA kAma karatI hai| kintu vivakSA aisI ho taba na ? vaktA socatA hai ki sthAlI bahuta patalI hai aura vaha zIghratara pAka ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM prayukta ho sakatI hai| aba sthAlI ke vyApAra ke anantara pAka-kriyA kI pariniSpatti saralatA se hotI hai-yahI kahane kI usakI icchA hai| phalataH vaha kahegA-sthAlyA pacati / yadi bhIMge indhana se pAka-kriyA ho rahI ho to usakI apekSA acchI taraha se rakhI huI patalI sthAlI kriyAsiddhi ke atyadhika nikaTa hai-yahI paristhiti hai, jisameM vivakSA ho rahI hai / karaNa ke uparyukta prakarSa ke kAraNa hI phala kI icchA rakhanevAlA kartA isameM saMskAra tathA punaH-punaH vyApAra Arambha karatA hai / bhartRhari kA kathana hai _ 'karaNeSu tu saMskAramArabhante punaH punaH / viniyogavizeSAMzca pradhAnasya prasiddhaye // -vA0pa0 37 / 92 pradhAna arthAt kriyA kI siddhi (prasiddhi-pUrNatA ) ke lie saMskAra ( uttejanAdi ) tathA viniyoga kA kAma karaNa meM hI sampanna hotA hai| kisI lakSya kI prApti upAya se hI sambhava hai ( upAyadvAreNopeye pravRttiH ) / 'kASThaH pacati' meM kASTha karaNa ke rUpa meM vivakSita hai / isI meM kartA saMskAra (kASThoM ko Aga para rakhanA-upadhAna ) tathA viniyoga ( punaH-punaH sthApita karanA ) vyApAra Arambha karatA hai| 'dAtreNa lunAti' meM karaNarUpa dAtra meM tIkSNatA kA AdhAna karanA saMskAra hai to uThAnA-girAnA ( udyamana-nipAtana ) viniyoga hai / 'cakSuSA pazyati' meM cakSu kA aMjanAdi saMskAra hai tathA use praNihita karanA ( prayoga meM lAnA ) viniyoga vyApAra hai-ye kartA ke dvArA prArambha hote haiN| 1. 'sAdhanavyavahArazca buddhyavasthAnibandhanaH' / -vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 3 2. 'vastutastadanirdezyaM, na hi vastu vyavasthitam / / __ sthAlyA pacyata ityeSA vivakSA dRzyate ytH|| -vA0 50 31791 3. 'prajJAtAdhikaraNabhAvA api hi sthAlI tanutarakapAlatvAcchIghratarapAkakAryasAdhanatayA'nubhavatyeva vaivakSikaM krnnbhaavm'| -helArAja, vahIM 4. 'ArdaindhanApekSayA hi susannivezA sthAlI kriyAsiddhau prtyaasiidti'| -vahIM

Page #219
karaNa-kAraka prakarSa svakakSA meM yA parApekSaka kisI padArtha ke vyApAra kI atizayavivakSA ke kAraNa usameM karaNatva kI vyavasthA hotI hai / aba prazna hotA hai ki yaha prakarSa yA atizaya anya kArakoM kI apekSA rakhatA hai yA vibhinna karaNoM meM hI paraspara prakarSa kA nirNaya hotA hai ? vastuta: kisI padArtha ko tabhI karaNa kahate haiM jaba anya kArakoM ke vyApAroM kI apekSA usakI prakRSTatA kA bodha ho, kyoMki dUsare kArakoM ke vyApAra ke turanta bAda kriyAsiddhi nahIM hotI jaba ki karaNa-vyApAra ke bAda aisA hotA hai / yadi eka hI sAtha kaI padArtha apane vyApAroM ke atizaya ke kAraNa karaNa ke rUpa meM vivakSita hoM to una saboM meM paraspara prakarSa kA nirNaya nahIM hotA; ve sabhI prakRSTa ( karaNa ) hI mAne jAte haiN| isIlie 'azvena pathA gacchati' meM azva aura pathin donoM karaNa haiM; 'sUpena sarpiSA lavaNena pANinA odanaM bhukte' meM bhI cAra-cAra padArtha krama se karaNa haiN| aisA nahIM hotA ki kisI eka ko prakRSToM meM bhI atiprakRSTa mAnakara use karaNasaMjJA dekara zeSa ko nikAla bAhara kareM / yadyapi yaha eka sarvamAnya niyama hai ki prakarSa sajAtIya padArthoM ke bIca hI ginA jAtA hai, kintu isa sthala meM sAdhana yA kAraka kI jAti mAnakara, kArakatva-dharma ke sabhI kArakoM meM anugata hone ke kAraNa vibhinna kArakoM ke sAtha karaNa kI sajAtIyatA vyavasthita ho sakatI hai aura unameM prakarSa dikhAkara karaNa-kAraka kA pArthakya prakaTa karate hue 'sajAtIyApekSaH prakarSa;' kA samanvaya sambhava hai / apanI kakSyA meM kabhI prakarSa kA prazna nahIM uThatA aura isalie aneka karaNoM kI yugapat sattA raha sakatI hai / helArAja batalAte haiM ki 'azvena pathA dIpikayA yAti' isa udAharaNa meM azva, pathin aura dIpikA-ina tInoM meM dUsare sAdhanoM kI apekSA prakRSTa sAdhanatA hai, isalie tInoM ke karaNatva meM koI virodha nahIM hotaa| gamanakriyA kA phala hai -dezAntaraprApti / isakI siddhi meM kartA Adi kI apekSA azva adhika upakAraka hai / mArga bhI acchA hai, kyoMki usameM caurAdi kA upadrava nahIM hai / dIpikA bhI andhakAra-samUha kA vinAza apane Aloka se karatI hai-isa prakAra dUsare sAdhanoM se inakA atizaya nirvivAda hai / ina tInoM kI upakArakatA 'khalekapotanyAya' se hotI hai / jaise kisI khalihAna meM choTe-bar3e, bacce-bUr3he aneka kabUtara eka hI sAtha utarate 1. 'svasyAM kakSyAyAM karaNabhAvAvasthAyAM sajAtIyApekSaH prakarSo'tra tamappratyayavAcyo nAzrIyate / api tu sAdhanasAmAnyasyAnugatasya kArakAntarApekSa eva prakarSastamappratyayavAcyaH karaNatvamAvedayate' / -helArAja 3, pR0 308 2. 'svakakSyAsu prakarSazca karaNAnAM na vidyate / AzritAtizayatvaM tu paratastatra lakSaNam' // -vA0 50 3 / 7 / 93 'kArakAntarApekSazca karaNasyAtizayaH, na tu svakakSyAyAmityazvena dIpikayA pathA vrajatIti sarveSAM kriyAniSpattI sannipatyopakArakatvAtkaraNatvaM siddhm'| -kaiyaTapradIpa 2, pR0 259

Page #220
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana haiM usI prakAra aneka karaNa eka hI sAtha kriyAsiddhi meM prakRSTopakAraka ho sakate haiM' / 200 kartA ke vivecana meM hama yaha dekha cuke haiM ki yaha apane vyApAra meM sarvathA svataMtra hotA hai aura usake dvArA viniyoga hone ke pazcAt hI anya kArakoM kI pravRtti hotI hai | ataH yaha zaGkA svAbhAvika hai ki kartA kAraka hI anya kArakoM kI apekSA sAdhakatama kyoM nahIM hai ? jo sabhI kArakoM ko apane-apane vyApAra meM niyukta karatA hai, jisase kriyAsiddhi sambhava hotI hai use hI prakRSTopakAraka samajhanA caahie| isa prazna meM karaNa tathA kartA ke kriyopakArakatva kA vivAda prArambha hotA hai, kintu bhartRhari isakA santoSajanaka samAdhAna dete haiM / unake anusAra kartA kI svataMtratA aura karaNa ke prakRSTopakArakatva meM koI virodha nahIM hai 'svAtantrye'pi prayoktAra ArAdevopakurvate / karaNena hi sarveSAM vyApAro vyavadhIyate' || - vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 94 bhAva yaha hai ki pUrI svataMtratA hone para bhI kriyA kI siddhi meM kartA - kAraka dUra se hI upakAra karatA hai, kyoMki karaNa kAraka ke dvArA sabhI kArakoM kA vyApAra vyavahita ho jAtA hai / isase spaSTa hai ki kartA sabhI kArakoM ko mUlataH vyApArita karane ke kAraNa svataMtra hai, karaNa ko bhI yahI vyApArita karatA hai / kintu kartA aura kriyAsiddhi ke bIca kucha antarAla rahatA hai, jisameM karaNa kI upasthiti rahatI hai / karaNa-vyApAra ke anantara hI kriyA kI siddhi ho jAtI hai, kucha bhI vilamba nahIM hotA / dUsarI ora kartRvyApAra anya kArakoM ke vyApAra ke samAna dUra se kriyAsiddhi meM sahAyatA pahu~cAtA hai / vAstava meM kartRvyApAra tathA kriyAsiddhi ke bIca ve sabhI kAraka - vyApAra A jAte haiM jinheM kartA apane lakSya kI pUrti meM sahAyaka samajha kara viniyukta karatA hai / ata: isa dUrI ko dekhate hue kartA ko prakRSTopakAraka yA sAdhakatama nahIM kahA jA sakatA / vyApAra meM svataMtra honA eka vastu hai aura prakRSTopakAraka honA dUsarI vastu / prakArAntara se bhI isakA samAdhAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / dUsare kArakoM kI apekSA karaNa kI atizayatA tabhI vivakSita hotI hai jaba kriyAsiddhi kI bAta kI jAya aura yaha bAta tabhI uThatI hai jaba kAraka pravRtta hoM arthAt apane-apane vyApAra meM laga jAyeM / aisI sthiti meM kartA ke dvArA unakA viniyoga apekSita hotA hai; phalataH kartA-kAraka ke prati unakA nyagbhAva ( parataMtratA, apradhAnatA ) vyavasthita 1. 'khalekapotanyAyena sarveSAM sAkSAdupakArakatvavivakSaNAdityarthaH ' / - udyota 2, pR0 260 2. 'pAratantryAyoge'pi sAdhanAntarANAM prayoktAraH kartAro viniyuktasAdhanAntaravyApAravyavadhAnena kriyAM dUrAdeva sAdhayanti / karaNavyApArasamanantarameva tu kriyAsiddhiH' / - helArAja 3, pR0 38

Page #221
201 rahatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, kriyAsiddhi ke viSaya meM prakarSa kA artha hai- kartA ke prati apradhAnatA / kartA ke prati sabhI kAraka apradhAna hote haiM aura unameM karaNa kI atizayatA vivakSita hotI hai| jaba taka sAdhanoM ko vyApAra meM lagAyA nahIM jAtA taba taka ve svataMtratA para Azrita isa sAmAnya 'sAdhana' zabda se bhI gRhIta (recognised) nahIM ho sakate, unakI apekSA kartA kA atizaya dikhalAnA to dUra kI bAta hai / isalie apane vyApAra meM AviSTa hone ke bAda hI kArakoM meM prakarSa kA nirNaya hotA hai| sAmAnya sAdhaka ( kAraka ) dharma se yukta honA hI kArakoM kA vyApArAveza hai; tadanantara prakarSa kI vyavasthA hotI hai / aisI paristhiti meM atizaya (prakarSa ) kA vicAra kartA ko chor3akara anya kArakoM ke bIca hotA hai, kartA isameM bhAga nahIM letaa| svAmI apane bhRtyoM ke sAtha pratispardhA nahIM karatA, bhRtyoM meM paraspara pratispardhA ho sakatI hai| hama jAnate haiM ki prakarSa sajAtIya padArthoM meM hI nirUpita hotA hai| kartA kI koTi svatantra kI hai, anya kArakoM kI paratantra koTi hai-donoM vijAtIya padArtha haiM / ata: kartA-kAraka ke sAtha prakarSa kA prazna uThAnA hI avyAvahArika hai| isI se yaha zaMkA bhI samApta ho gayI ki parAdhIna sAdhana kaise saprakarSa ho sakatA hai ? parAdhInoM meM bhI vyApAra karane kI zakti hai, ataH prakarSa sambhava hai| kartA tathA karaNa meM bheda karaNa aura kartA ke sambandha ko lekara bahuta sundara rUpaka diyA gayA hai| yaha satya hai ki karaNa-kAraka meM prakRSTa rUpa se kriyA ke upakAra kI kSamatA hai, kintu isase kartA kI svAdhInatA akSata rahatI hai; kyoMki vaha karaNa kA preraka hai| kisI videzI rAjya meM usa rAjya kI rAjanayika gatividhiyoM se rAjyAdhyakSa kI apekSA videza meM niyukta usake rAjadUta ko adhika sAmIpya rahatA hai| kintu usake sAre kriyAkalApa apane rAjyAdhyakSa kI sadicchA para hI pUrNataH avalambita haiM, kyoMki vahIM se usakI niyukti huI hai| yahI sthiti kartA ke adhIna karaNa kI bhI hai| kintu kartA aura karaNa ko vijAtIya siddha karake prakarSa kA prazna samApta kara dene se eka vikaTa samasyA khar3I ho jAtI hai| donoM meM yadi rUpa kA itanA viprakarSa hai to karaNa-kAraka ko jo kartA meM pariNata hote dekhate haiM ( jaise-asizchinatti ) usakA kyA uttara hogA ? isa para bhartRhari kA samAdhAna hai 'asyAdInAM tu kartRtve takSNyAdi karaNaM viduH / tekSaNyAdInAM svatantratve dvadhAtmA vyavatiSThate' / -vA0pa0 37 / 96 arthAt asi ( talavAra ) Adi yadi kartA ke rUpa meM vivakSita hoM to tIkSNatAdi 1. "kriyAsiddhau prakarSo vA nyagbhAvastveva kartari / siddhau satyAM hi sAmAnyaM sAdhakatvaM prakRSyate' // -vA0pa0 3 / 7 / 95 draSTavya-isa para helArAjIya TIkA /

Page #222
202 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana karaNa bana jAte haiN| punaH yadi tIkSNatAdi kI hI svataMtrarUpa meM vivakSA kI jAya to vahI ( tIkSNatAdi ) do bhAgoM meM ba~Takara kartA tathA karaNa donoM rUpoM meM vyavasthita hote haiM / to yaha artha huA ki karaNa jaba kartA ke rUpa meM vivakSA dvArA prayukta hotA hai taba apanA sthAnApanna kucha-na-kucha chor3a jAtA hai, jisakA prakarSa yathApUrva banA hI rahatA hai| karaNa-kAraka kA parivartana kartA meM yoM hI nahIM ho jAtA, kartA banane kI pUrI kSamatA prApta karake hI yaha rUpAntarita hotA hai / chedana-kriyA ke prati bahuta teja dhAra hone ke kAraNa asi ( talavAra ) isa tathya kA tiraskAra kara detA hai ki usakA viniyoga kartA ne kiyA hai / phalataH svataMtra rUpa meM usakI vivakSA hotI hai tathA aba vaha karaNa nahIM rahA / taba karaNa kauna hai ? jisake vyApAra ke anantara kriyA hotI hai use hI karaNa-pada prApta hogaa| asi ke kartRtva kI sthiti meM taikSNya ( teja dhAra ), gaurava ( bhAra ), kAThinya ( kaThoratA ), saMsthAna ( sthApita honA ) ityAdi karaNa hoNge| hama prayoga kara sakate haiM - 'asiH taikSNyena gauraveNa kAThinyena saMsthAnena vA chintti'| yadi saMyogavaza inheM bhI kartA mAnane kI icchA huI taba laukika kaThinAI bhale hI ho, zAstrIya saMgati to baiTha hI jaaygii| vyAkaraNazAstra meM zabdasvarUpa artha kI upAdhi hai, ataH zabda meM bheda hone se artha meM bhI aupAdhika bheda ho jAtA hai; yathA'AtmAnamAtmanA hanti'' / yahA~ bhI isI vidhi se taikSNya meM zabdabheda kI kalpanA karake kartA aura karaNa ke rUpa meM use pratipanna kiyA jA sakatA hai| svAdhIna rUpa meM Azrita AtmA kartA hai tathA sAdhakatama ke rUpa meM Azrita hone para vahI karaNa haiisa prakAra AtmA hI do rUpoM meM vyavasthita hotI hai ( AtmA dvedhA vyavatiSThate ) / prayoga bhI hogA- 'takSNyaM chinatti svasAmarthyena ( taikSNyena )' / yaha vidhAna isalie kiyA gayA hai ki kriyA kA karaNa ke sAtha vyApti-saMbandha hai, ataH tIkSNatA hI chedanakriyA ke sAdhakatama ke rUpa meM vartamAna rahane se karaNa banA rahe, koI dUsarA karaNa nahIM calA Aye / ataH kartA aura karaNa bhinna rUpa meM haiM, inheM ekajAtIya samajhanA bhrama hai| pANini ke 'AkaDArAdekA saMjJA' ( 1 / 4 / 1 ) sUtra para aneka vArtika haiM, jinameM kAtyAyana yaha dikhAte haiM ki amuka saMjJA amuka saMjJA ko bAdhita karatI hai| inhIM meM eka vArtika hai-'karaNaM parANi' arthAt karaNa saMjJA ko dUsarI kAraka-saMjJAe~ bAdhita karatI haiM / isake udAharaNa haiM-dhanurvidhyati ( dhanuSa se nikalane vAle bANa vedha-kriyA ke prati karaNa haiM aura dhanuSa kartA ho gayA hai ), asizchinatti / tAtparya yaha hai ki apane hI vyApAra meM apane-Apa kI bhI karaNatva-vivakSA kabhI-kabhI asambhava rahatI hai| 1. draSTavya (pa0 la0 ma0, pR0 184 )- 'ekasyaiva zabdabhedAd bhedaH / zabdAliGgitasyaiva sarvatra bhAnAt' / 2. 'kriyAyAH kAraNAvinAbhAvAt karaNAntaravyAvRttipareyaM codanA / taikSNyameva chidau sAdhakatamaM nAnyaditi tasyAtizayaparipoSe tAtparyam' / helArAja 3, pR0 309

Page #223
karaNa-kAraka 203 helArAja isI sandarbha meM pUrvapakSa uThAte haiM ki yadi uparyukta prakAra se kartA aura karaNa ko bhinna batalAte haiM taba 'karaNaM parANi' vAle vArtika meM karaNa ke sAtha anya kArakoM kA (kartA kA bhI ) vipratiSedha kaise diyA gayA hai ? vipratiSedha tabhI hotA hai jaba do bhinnArthaka prasaMga eka hI sthAna meM yugapat prApta hoM ( 'yatra dvau prasaGgAvanyArthAvekasmin yugapat prApnutaH sa tulyabalavirodho vipratiSedha : ' - kAzikA 124 2 ) | kartA aura karaNa bhinna hoMge to eka sthAna para donoM prApta nahIM ho sakate, ataH yaha 'vipratiSedha'zAstra nirarthaka ho jAyagA / vAkyapadIya meM isakA bhI samAdhAna DhUMDhA jA sakatA hai ki vivakSA ke dvArA kartA aura karaNa ke rUpa meM kAlpanika bheda mAnane para bhI vAstava meM eka padArtha zakti ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM vartamAna rahatA hai, vaha apane rUpa se pRthaka nahIM hotA 'Atmabhede'pi satyevameko'rthaH sa tathA sthitaH / tadAzrayatvAd bhede'pi kartRtvaM bAdhakaM tataH // - vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 97 yaha satya hai ki taikSya kI AtmA ( svarUpa ) meM hI kartA aura karaNa kA bheda kalpita huA hai, kintu isase tAttvika bheda to nahIM ho gayA / vaha padArtha vastutaH ekAkAra hI hai / ' tadAzraya' zabda meM tat ke dvArA kalpanA kA parAmarza hotA hai arthAt kevala kalpanA para Azrita hone ke kAraNa bheda hone para bhI vastu kI ekarUpatA yathApUrva rahatI hI hai / kucha loga kahate haiM ki kartA aura karaNa kA AdhAra eka hI padArtha hai - ' tadAzraya' kA yahI artha lenA cAhie / phalataH zakti ( kAraka - sAmarthya ) meM bheda hone para bhI AdhAra dravya ke ekatva ( identity ) ke kAraNa donoM saMjJAoM kI eka hI sthAna para yugapat upasthiti kA prazna utpanna hotA hai aura tabhI yaha vipratiSedha kA viSaya banatA hai / jo saMjJA dI jAtI hai vaha zakti se viziSTa dravya ko hI ( 'saMjJA hi zaktiviziSTasya dravyasyaiva' - helArAja ) / talavAra eka hI hai, vaha kartA ho cAhe karaNa ho / kintu usake vyApAra yA zakti meM to bheda ho hI jAtA hai / kartRsaMjJA dvArA karaNasaMjJA kA bAdha isa prakAra jaba vastu meM vidyamAna rahane vAlI ekatA para vivakSA calatI hai taba viSaya ke ekatva para ArUDha hone vAlA vipratiSedha-zAstra upakrAnta hotA hai tathA kartRsaMjJA karaNasaMjJA ko bAdhita karatI hai; yathA - asirichanatti / yahA~ sAdhakatamatva tathA svAtaMtrya kI vivakSAoM meM vyApti-sambandha hai - - prathama vivakSA ke dvArA dUsarI vivakSA vyApta hotI hai / ata: 'asi' kI svAtaMtrya - vivakSA hone para samAna viSaya meM donoM saMjJAoM kI prasakti hone se paratva ke kAraNa kartRsaMjJA hotI hai - yahI usa vArtika kA tAtparya hai / sAdhakatama hone se hI svAtaMtrya kA Aropa ho sakatA hai / ( 'sAdhakatamatve hi sati svAtantryamAropyate' - helArAja ) / 'dhanuSA vidhyati' meM isI prakAra 'apAdAnamuttarANi kArakANi bAdhante' isa vArtika ke dvArA apAya kI sattA rahane para hI dhanuSa

Page #224
204 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana meM sAdhakatamatva kI prApti hotI hai| niSkarSataH bAdhita hone ke lie bhI mUla rUpa meM sattA anivArya hai| yahAM bhI mUlataH sAdhakatama rahane para hI svAtaMtrya kI prApti vivakSA se ho sakatI hai / antataH hama pAte haiM ki karaNa kriyA ke prati prakRSTa sahAyaka hotA hai| vidyamAna karaNa dvArA kriyopakAra kucha logoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki prakRta sthala meM jo karaNa ke dvArA upakAra kiye jAne kI bAra-bAra carcA ho rahI hai vaha vidyamAna yA sattAdhArI karaNa ke hI dvArA sambhava hai, avidyamAna karaNa ke dvArA nhiiN| puruSottamadeva apane kArakacakra (pR0 108 ) meM aisI hI bAta kahate haiN| prazna hai ki vivakSA sat padArtha kI hotI hai yA asat kI ? sata padArtha kI vivakSA hone para atizaya kI sattA siddha karanA sambhava hai / dUsarI ora, asat padArtha kI vivakSA hone para zabda kA apane artha ke sAtha sambandha nahIM rahegA, atizaya kA pradarzana bhI nahIM ho skegaa| isakA yaha samAdhAna diyA jA sakatA hai ki asat ke sthaloM meM vivakSA se atizaya-siddhi ho jA sakatI hai, kintu yaha samAdhAna puruSottama ke anusAra vivakSA kI prakRti ko ThIkaThIka nahIM samajhanevAle hI de sakate haiN| yadi aisA hone lage to vandhyAputra ke sAtha bhI vivakSA se sambandha hone laga jAya / vivakSA vaktA kI icchA kA dyotaka hai aura puruSa kI icchA padArtha para nirbhara karatI hai, na ki puruSa kI icchA para padArtha calatA hai / padArthaviSayaka icchA jJAta ke viSaya meM hI hotI hai, ataH jJAtavya padArtha ko avazya hI icchA kA pUrvavartI honA cAhie, tabhI usake viSaya meM icchA hogii| ataeva asat padArtha ke atizaya kI vivakSA asaMgata hai / kriyAsiddhi ke avyavahita pUrva meM karaNa ke vidyamAna rahane se hI lakSyaprAti hotI hai; asat rahane para vaha upakAraka nahIM hogA, atizaya honA to dUra kI bAta hai| asat padArtha kA karaNatva kintu pANini-tantra meM sAmAnyatayA isa mata ko prazraya nahIM miltaa| yahA~ yaha mAnyatA hai ki jisa prakAra sat padArtha prakRSTopakAraka hai usI prakAra asat bhI hai| vivakSA kI bAta jAne bhI deM to laukika dRSTi se bhI abhAvAtmaka padArtha kA yogadAna kriyAsiddhi meM dekhA jAtA hai / dhanAbhAva se maraNa, jJAnAbhAva se parAjaya, sahAyakAbhAva 1. 'icchA ca puruSasya padArthAnurodhinI, na puruSasyecchAnurodhI padArthaH' / -puruSottama : kArakacakram, pR0 108 2. 'padArthecchA ca jJAtaviSayA, tadavazyaM prAgjJAnaviSayo vAcyo yatrecchayA bhavitavyam / tasmAdasato'tizayasya na vivakSA / taduktam utkRSTaM naiva karaNamanyastulyatvadarzanAt / kathamicchAmabhAvasya ko hi kuryAdabAlizaH' / -puruSottama : kArakacakram, pR0 108

Page #225
karaNa-kAraka 205 se pratyAvartana ityAdi laukika dRSTAnta hI isake upobalaka haiM / abhijJAnazAkuntala meM vidUSaka kA mauna yogadAna nATaka kI lakSyatti meM upakAraka hotA hai / Agamana tarkazAstra ( Inductive Logic ) meM bhAvAtmaka tathA abhAvAtmaka donoM prakAra ke ghaTanAkramoM yA prayojakoM ( Conditions ) ke samudAya ko 'kAraNa' kahA jAtA hai| ataH kriyA kA upakAra asat padArtha se nahIM hotA, yaha kahanA galata hai / yahI bAta bhartRhari bhI kahate haiM 'yathA ca sannidhAnena karaNatvaM pratIyate / tathaivAsannidhAne'pi kriyAsiddheH pratIyate' // -vA0 pa0 1 / 7 / 98 arthAt jaise dAtrAdi padArtha sannihita rahate hue kriyA ke upakAra meM atizaya pAkara karaNa ke rUpa meM jAne jAte haiM, vaise hI 'dhanAbhAvena muktaH' ityAdi vAkyoM meM dhana asannihita ( dUra, abhAvAtmaka ) rahakara bhI mukti kI siddhi karane ke kAraNa karaNarUpa meM prasiddha hai : helArAja, pR0 310 ) / isake samarthana meM pANini ke sUtra 'karaNe ca stokAlpakRcchakatipayasyAsattvavacanasya' ( 2 / 3 / 33 ) kI dhvani bhI sahAyaka hotI hai / isa sUtra meM mAnA gayA hai ki stoka, alpa ityAdi zabda, jo anyathA sattvavAcaka haiM, asattvavAcaka ke rUpa meM A sakate haiM; jaba inake dharmamAtra ko abhihita karane ke tAtparya se prayoga kiyA jAya aura inase dravya ( sattva ) kA bodha nahIM ho'| isake udAharaNa meM 'stokAnmuktaH' (paMcamI ) tathA 'stokena muktaH' ( karaNa-tRtIyA )-ye diye gaye haiN| pichale vAkya meM yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki stoka se lakSita honevAlA dharma mAtra sat ho yA asat, muktikriyA meM atizaya upakAraka hone se karaNa hai / dAtavya padArtha ( rupayA, annAdi ) meM se thor3A hI niSpanna ho sakA, adhika denA sambhava hI nahIM; kyoMki dAtA ke pAsa aba dhana nahIM hai| ataH utane se hI mukta huA hai| yahAM karaNabhUta 'stoka' kI sattA hai| punaH yadi dAtavya vastu meM thor3A hI denA avaziSTa rahe, zeSa pUrA kara diyA gayA ho to usa datta dhana se hI mukta ( uRNa ) samajhanA cAhie / yahA~ bhI stoka kI sattA hI hai / dUsarI ora, yadi bahuta-sA bhAga denA ho, mukta hone meM kaThinAI ho to asat stoka ( stokAbhAva ) se mukti-kriyA kI niSpatti mAnanI hogii| isI prakAra 'ekena na vizatiH, ekAnna vizatiH' meM ekAbhAva ko viMzati-niSedha kA karaNa samajhanA caahie| ataeva isa vivecana se prakaTa hotA hai ki asat padArtha bhI karaNa ho sakatA hai| 1. 'yadA tu dharmamAtraM karaNatayA vivakSyate na dravyaM, tadA stokaadiinaamsttvvcntaa'| --kAzikA 2 / 3 / 33 2. 'stokasya vAbhinirvRtteranivRttezca tasya vA / prasiddhiM karaNatvasya stokAdInAM pracakSate' / -vA0pa037.99 3. 'yadi tu bahu deyaM syAt, na mucyeteti stokenAbhavatA muktH'| -helArAja , 3.11 15.

Page #226
saMskRta - vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki asat kA artha yahA~ trikAlabAdhita nahIM lenA cAhie aura kevala avidyamAna padArtha ko hI asat kahA gayA hai| trikAla meM bAdhita tathA sarvathA vastuzUnya padArtha ko bhI zabdasattA ke kAraNa karaNa mAnA jA sakatA hai; jaise - vandhyAputreNodAharati ( arthAt vandhyAputra - zabda ke dvArA asat padArtha kA udAharaNa detA hai ) / yahA~ udAharaNa - kriyA kI niSpatti vandhyAputra - zabda ke vyApAra ( uccAraNAdi ) ke anantara hI ho jAne se isakA karaNatva saMgata hai / vyAkaraNa meM zabdasattA yA bauddhArtha hI grAhya hotA hai / tabhI to aise-aise vAstavika dRSTi se asat padArthoM meM prAtipadikatva dekara su Adi pratyaya lagate haiM / 206 koI padArtha sAdhana ke vibhinna rUpoM ko vivakSA ke kAraNa grahaNa karatA hai / isakA pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki sAdhakatama ke rUpa meM vivakSita pratyeka padArtha ko karaNa kahate haiM / bhartRhari ke zabdoM meM 'dharmANAM tadvatA bhedAdabhedAcca viziSyate / kriyAvadheravacchedavizeSAd bhidyate yathA // - vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 100 arthAt jaise avadhi meM bheda - vizeSa kI kalpanA karane se kriyA meM vizeSatA huA karatI hai vaise hI Azraya ke sAtha Azrita dharmoM ke bheda aura abheda kI vivakSA se bhI usameM vizeSatA ( bhinnatA ) hotI hai / 'devadattaH kASThaiH pacati' isa vAkya meM indhana ta tejas ( agni ) kI abheda - vivakSA haiM, indhana Azraya hai, tejas Azrita / hama bodha kareMge -- 'devadattakartR kendhanakaraNikA pacikriyA' / jaba tejas kA indhana se bheda vivakSita hotA hai taba prayoga 'edhAH pacanti tejasA ' tathA bodha 'tejaH karaNikA indhana - kartRkA pacikriyA' hogA / phira bhI jaba tejas se uSNatA kA bheda dikhAkara kriyAsiddhi meMSNatA kA upayoga dikhalAnA abhISTa ho taba prayoga hogA - - ' tejaH pacatyauSNyena' ( utA se agni pakA rahI hai ) / aMtaH sAdhanavizeSa se kriyA meM bheda hotA calA jAtA hai / isakI tulanA apAdAna kAraka meM vivecya avadhi ke bhedoM ( avacchedoM ) se kI jAtI hai / 'grAmAdAgacchati' ko bheda-vivakSA se 'grAmasya samIpAdAgacchati' meM badala sakate haiM / grAma meM kaI cIjoM kA samUha hai - araNya, sImAbhUmi, vedikA, makAna ityAdi / aba koI kahA~ se A rahA hai, isakA vizeSa binA kahe 'grAmAdAgacchati' kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki una vizeSoM ( Azrita dharmoM) se grAma ( Azraya ) ke abheda. kI vivakSA hotI hai / jaba grAma ke mArgoM kA prasaMga AtA hai taba sImAdi se bhedavivakSA hotI hai aura avadhi meM bheda hotA hai - ' grAmasya samIpAdAgacchati' 2 / 1. draSTavya ( pa0 la0 ma0, pR0 423 ) - 'eSa vandhyAsuto yAti khapuSpakRtazekharaH / kUrmakSIratraye snAtaH zazazRGgadhanurdharaH // ityatra vandhyAsutAdInAM bAhyArthazUnyatve'pi prAtipadikatvam' / 2. helArAja 3, pR0 311 '

Page #227
karaNa-kAraka 207 isI prakAra karaNa meM bhI bhedAbheda-vivakSA hotI hai / anabhihita karaNa to tRtIyA vibhakti letA hai kintu abhihita hone para prathamA meM hI rahatA hai| helArAja punaH vivakSA kA Azraya lekara pradhAna karaNa ke viSaya meM kahate haiM ki lyuTa yA ghana ke dvArA isakA abhidhAna hotA hai; jaise-pacanamedhaH ( vaha lakar3I jo pAka kA prakRSTopakAraka hai ), pacanaM, tejaH, pacanI sthAlI, pacanamauSNyam / ___navyanyAya meM karaNa-vivecana : bhavAnanda bhavAnanda ke anusAra karaNa vaha ( kriyA ) hetu hai jo dUsare kArakoM meM caritArtha nahIM hotA arthAt dUsare kArakoM ke vyApAra jaba kriyA ke hetu yA janaka nahIM banate haiM taba jisake vyApAra se kriyA utpanna hotI hai, vahI karaNa hai / isase karaNa kA pRthak vyaktitva siddha hotA hai ki isakA vyApAra kisI bhI dUsare kAraka meM gatArtha nahIM ho sakatA, ve karaNa kA sthAna nahIM le sakate / jayarAma bhI bhavAnanda ke lakSaNa kI AvRtti karate hue kevala aspaSTa 'hetutvam' ko 'kriyAhetutvam' kara dete haiN| vaise kArakoM ke sandarbha meM kriyA-hetutva ke rUpa meM sAmAnya tathya azruta rahane para bhI gamyamAna hotA hI hai / kintu yahA~ bhavAnanda yaha vizeSa tathya rakhate haiM ki hetu kriyA kA nahIM, pratyuta kriyAphala kA hai / phala bhI to kriyA kA anyatara artha hai / __ aba hama yaha bhI dekheM ki bhavAnanda kisa prakAra apane karaNa-lakSaNa meM prayukta 'kArakAntara meM gatArtha nahIM hotA' isa vizeSaNa kI saMgati dikhalAne ke lie vibhinna kArakoM ke samakSa karaNa kA vyaktitva pradarzita karate haiM (1) kartA-kAraka pahale se kriyAjanaka ke rUpa meM prasiddha kuThArAdi meM avasthita saMyogAdi vyApAra utpanna karatA hai aura isIlie karaNa ke vyApAra ke dvArA hI chidA ( kaTa jAnA ) ke rUpa meM phala kA utpAdaka yA heta banatA hai| ataeva kartA kA sAkSAtsambandha karaNa se hotA hai; phala kA hetu to vaha paramparayA banatA hai arthAt usake aura phala ke bIca karaNa vyApAra calA AtA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM-kartA karaNa ke prati apane prayojana ko vyakta karatA hai aura karaNa usake prayojana ko phala taka pahu~cA kara hI vizrAma karatA hai / (2) karma-kAraka ke sAtha bhI yahI bAta hai| vaha bhI apanA uddezya karaNa ke samakSa hI upasthita karatA hai, kyoMki dhAnya ( dhAnyaM lunAti ), kASTha (kASThaM chinatti) 1. 'karaNatvaM ca kArakAntare'caritArthatve sati hetutvam / tatra caritArthatvaM ca tadvyApAramutpAdyeva phalahetutvam / / --bhavAnanda, kArakacakra, pR0 40 2. jayarAma, kArakavAda, pR0 30 / 3. 'kartA hi siddhaM kuThArAdikaM vyApArayan chidAlakSaNaM phalamutpAdayatIti karaNe caritArthaH, na tu phle'| -kA0 ca0, pR0 40 'phale=chidAdikriyAyAmaheturiti zeSaH / -mAdhavI, pR0 41

Page #228
saMskRta - vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana ityAdi karmoM ke asiddha hone para una para vyApArita hone vAle dAtrAdi karaNoM ke vyApAra bhI asiddha hI rahate haiM / jaba chedya padArtha hI nahIM hai taba kuThArAdi karaNa chidAnukUla vyApAra kisa para kareMge ? yahI kAraNa hai ki prAcIna AcAryoM ne karma ko 'karaNa ke vyApAra kA viSaya ' mAnA hai, jisakA vivecana pichale adhyAya meM ho cukA hai / isa prakAra karma karaNa meM caritArtha hai ' / 208 ( 3 ) adhikaraNa-kAraka kartA yA karma ke vyApAra ke dvArA kriyA kA niSpAdaka hotA hai arthAt vaha ina donoM meM se kisI eka meM caritArtha hotA hai; jaise-- 'gRhe caitraH sthAlyAM taNDulaM pacati' / isa vAkya meM gRha tathA sthAlI ve do adhikaraNa hai / gRha kA kArakatva ( kriyAniSpAdakatva ) caitra ( kartA ) ke vyApAra-sampAdana ke dvArA sambhava hotA hai aura jaba taNDula ( karma ) apane vyApAra kA sampAdana karatA hai taba sthAlI kriyAniSpAdaka banatI hai / gRha ke sAtha caitra kA saMyoga hue binA yA sthAlI ke sAtha taNDulasaMyoga hue binA pAka-kriyA sambhava nahIM hotI / ( 4 - 5 ) sampradAna aura apAdAna kriyAsAmAnya ke prayojaka nahIM hote, 2 tathApi ve prakArAntara se caritArtha hote haiM / sampradAna dAna-kriyA meM apanI anumati kA prakAzana karake kartA kI icchA utpanna karatA hai aura isI se uparyukta kriyA meM nimitta banatA hai / isa prakAra dArUpa kriyA - vizeSa meM sampradAna kI niSpAdakatA sthita hotI hai, sabhI kriyAoM meM nahIM / ataeva kriyAsAmAnya se sambaddha karaNa kA sthAna sampradAna nahIM le sakatA / dAna-kriyA meM bhI anumati - prakAzana ke dvArA jahA~ dAna- prayojakatA nahIM pratIta ho ( jaise - hastena dadAti ) vahA~ sampradAna nahIM hotA, pratyuta upayukta paristhitiyA~ mila jAne se karaNa hotA hai / apAdAna kAraka bhI patana ke Azraya patrAdi meM patana rokane vAle ( virodhI ) saMyoga ke vinAzaka vibhAga ko utpanna karake caritArthaM hA hai, patana-kriyA kA nimitta banatA hai / isalie vaha karaNa kA pratidvandvI nahIM hai / jahA~ apAdAna uparyukta prakAra se patana kA prayojaka nahIM hotA, vahA~ usakA vAraNa hotA hai / isa prakAra anya kisI kAraka meM karaNa caritArtha nahIM hotA / dUsare kAraka jaba kriyA kI niSpatti meM asaphala ho jAte haiM taba karaNa kA vyApAra hI use niSpanna karatA hai / isI dRSTikoNa se karaNa ko antima yA prakRSTa kAraNa ke rUpa meM naiyAyika svIkAra karate haiM / 1. 'karmApi karaNe caritArtham / karmAsiddhI karaNavyApAra ( 1 ) siddheH / na hi chedyAsiddhI kuThArAdikaraNAnAM chidAnukUlavyApAraH sambhavati / ata eva karaNavyApAraviSayatvaM karmatvamiti prAJcaH' / 'karmaNastu tAdRzakriyA hetutvavirahAdeva nAtiprasaGgaH' - vahIM kArakavAdArthaH, pR0 31 2. 'sampradAnApAdAnayozca na kriyAsAmAnyahetutvam' / - kA0 ca0, pR0 41 3. 'dAne'numatiprakAzanena karturicchAmutpAdya sampradAnasya patanAzraye ca patrAdau patanapratibandhaka - saMyoganAzaka - vibhAgamutpAdya apAdAnasya caritArthatvam' / vahIM

Page #229
karaNa-kAraka 209 kintu karaNa ko isa rUpa meM ( carama kAraNa ) svIkAra karanA bhavAnanda ko abhipreta nahIM hai, ataH ve uparyukta lakSaNa kI vyAkhyA karane ke bAda bhI apanA pakSa eka anya lakSaNa ke sAtha rakhate haiM - 'vyApAravatkAraNaM karaNam' / vyApAra se yukta kAraNa karaNa hai / carama kAraNavAle pakSa meM hasta, kuThArAdi meM gauNarUpa se karaNatva-prayoga ho sakatA hai, kyoMki ye prakRSTa yA carama kAraNa to haiM nahIM / kintu prakRta lakSaNa ke dvArA inameM pradhAna rUpa se karaNatva kI upapatti sambhava hai, kyoMki savyApAra kAraNa to ye haiM hI / tadanusAra kisI kriyA kA karaNa hone kA abhiprAya hai ki vaha vyApAra-sambandha se usa kriyA kA kAraNa hai ( 'vyApArasambandhena tatkriyAkAraNatvaM tatkriyAkaraNatvamityarthaH 'mAdhavI, 43 ) / --- AtmA kA karaNatva isa lakSaNa se eka kaThinAI sulajha sakatI hai / samasyA yaha hai ki AtmA aduSTa ke dvArA sabhI kAryoM ke prati kAraNa hai, ata: unake prati AtmA ke karaNatva kA aniSTa prasaMga A jAyagA / vizeSataH jJAna, icchA ityAdi ( jo AtmA ke dharma haiM ) ke prati manoyoga ke dvArA AtmA kAraNa banatI hai, ataH usakA kAraNatva duruccheda hai / kintu jaba hama vyApAra-sambandha se kAraNa hone para karaNatva kI bAta karate haiM taba AtmA meM aisI sthiti nahIM milatI / AtmA yadyapi kAryAnukUla adRSTa dhAraNa karatI hai tathApi vyApAra-sambandha se usakI kAraNatA aprAmANika hai| AtmA ko karaNa mAnane meM vaiyAkaraNoM ko koI Apatti nahIM, kyoMki yadi usI ke vyApAra ke bAda kriyAniSpatti vivakSita ho ( jaise - AtmAnamAtmanA vetsi ) to usakA karaNatva nirvivAda hogA / kintu pratyakSAdi jJAnoM meM indriyAdi taka hI karaNa ko niyamita karanevAle naiyAyikoM ke lie AtmA ke karaNa hone meM bar3I vipatti hai / isakA nirAkaraNa uparyukta prakAra se to hotA hI hai, eka dUsarI vidhi bhI bhavAnanda ko dikhalAyI par3atI hai / yaha sahI hai ki kAryamAtra yA jJAnecchAdi kA kartA AtmA hai, vaha upAdheya arthAt dharmI hai / usa para vibhinna dharma yA upAdhiyA~ Aropita ho sakatI haiM / prastuta sthala meM kartRtva aura karaNatva upAdhiyoM ke rUpa meM haiM jo eka hI sAtha AtmA para Aropita haiM / upAdhi aura upAdheya kA tAdAtmya honA koI Azcarya nahIM hai, sabhI vAdI ise mAnate haiM / karaNatva aura kartRtva - ye upAdhiyA~ bhale hI eka-dUsare se bhinna haiM, unameM paraspara tAdAtmya nahIM hotA kintu upAdheya ke sAtha unakA tAdAtmya sambhava hai / ataH AtmA ( upAdheya ) meM kramaza: karaNatva tathA kartRtva kA bodha ho sakatA hai aura vivakSA se 1. 'vyApArasambandhena kAraNatvasya vivakSitatvAnna doSaH / AtmanaH kAryAnukUlAduSTavattve'pi tena sambadhena kAraNatve mAnAbhAvAt' / - kA0 ca0 mAdhavI, pR0 43 2. ( ka ) ' na caivamadRSTadvArA kAryamAtre, vizeSato jJAnecchAdau manoyogadvArA''tmanaH karaNatvApattiH upAdheyasaGkarasyeSTatvAt, anukUlakRtisamavAyitvalakSaNa kartRtvasya niruktakaraNatvAd anyatvenaiva upAdhyorasaGkarAt' / - kA0 ca0, pR0 42

Page #230
210 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana kartA meM karaNatva kA vyavahAra hotA hai| isase yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki vAstava meM AtmA karaNa ho jaaygii| vyutpattivAda meM kartavyApAra kI adhInatA phira bhI kucha loga kartA meM karaNatva kA vyavahAra sahane meM akSama haiM / bhavAnanda unheM bhI apanI paMkti meM lAne ke lie karaNa-lakSaNa meM 'kartRbhinnatve sati' yaha vizeSaNa lagAne kA bhI Agraha karate haiM / vyApArayukta kAraNa to karaNa hI ho sakatA hai, kintu vivakSA se kartA ko bhI karaNa mAnane kI sthiti meM vaha lakSaNa azaktaprAya ho jAtA hai; ata: 'kartA se bhinna' vizeSaNa ko zrayamANa honA Avazyaka hai, jisase kartA kA vAraNa karake vizuddha karaNa kA lakSaNa sampanna ho sake / gadAdhara aisI hI viSama sthiti se bacane ke lie 'kartavyApArAdhInatve sati vyApAravattvaM karaNatvam' aisA lakSaNa karate haiM / unhIM ke zabdoM meM- yadi aisA nahIM kiyA jAya to kartA ko bhI karaNa hone laga jAya tathA 'caitrazcaitreNa pacati' 'kASThaM caitreNa pacati' ityAdi aniSTa prayoga durvAra ho jAyeMge jahA~ kartA karaNa bana gayA hai| yaha zaMkA phira bhI raha hI jAtI hai ki ceSTAdi ke rUpa meM kartA kA vyApAra bhI to usakI kRti ( yatna ) Adi ke rUpa meM dUsare vyApAra ke hI adhIna hai, ataH kartA ke vyApAra ke adhIna rahane para bhI kartA sarvathA karaNa nahIM hogA, aisA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| mAna liyA ki ceSTA ke rUpa meM kartavyApAra ke adhIna karaNa kA vyApAra cala rahA hai, kriyA kI niSpatti kara rahA hai / aba ceSTArUpa kartRvyApAra bhI kRtirUpa kartRvyApAra ke adhIna hai, ataH pUrva vyApAra ko ( jo kartA kA hai ) karaNavyApAra ke rUpa meM bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai / isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki kartavyApAra ko jo hama vizeSaNarUpa dete haiM vaha karaNa se bhinna mAnakara hI / isa prakAra apane se bhinnarUpa kartA ke vyApAra ke adhIna vyApAra se yukta kAraNa kA nAma karaNa hai-yaha lakSaNa niklaa| ____vAstava meM gadAdhara kartRvyApAra kI adhInatA sarvatra nahIM svIkAra karate, kyoMki unake anusAra karaNatRtIyA kI do pRthak zaktiyA~ haiM-(1) samabhivyAhRta ( eka sAtha prayukta ) kartRvyApAra kI adhInatA tathA ( 2 ) vyApArayukta kAraNa honaa| prathama zakti kI vyAkhyA apekSita hai| jahA~ eka hI pAkakriyA ko caitra kASTha se aura ( kha ) "jJAnAdAvAtmAdeH karaNatvasyeSTatvAt / upAdheyasaGkare'pi kartRtvakaraNatvAdyupAdherasAGkaryAdeva kArakasya SaDavidhatvAdata eva 'AtmAnamAtmanA vetsi sRjasyAtmAnamAtmanA' ityAdikaH pryog:"| -za0 za0 pra0, pR0 313, kArikA 71 1. 'tacca vyApAravatkAraNatvam / vyApAre kartRvyApArAdhInatvaM nivezanIyam' / -vyu0 vA0, pR0 224 2. 'svabhinnatvena kartuvizeSaNIyatvAt' / -vahIM 3. 'vastutaH samabhivyAhRtakartRvyApArAdhInatve vyApAravatkAraNatve ca tRtIyAyAH shktidvym'| -vahIM, pR0 225

Page #231
karaNa-kAraka 211 maMtra tuSa-prakSepa karake sampanna kara rahA ho vahA~ 'caitraH tuSaiH maitraH kASThaH pacati'-jaise prasaMga hone kI sambhAvanA hai / yahA~ eka sAtha uccarita kartavyApAroM kI adhInatA kA AbhAsamAtra ( vAstavika bodha nahIM ) una-una karaNavyApAroM meM hotA hai-yaha mAnate hue usa prayoga ko aprAmANika siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai / phalataH tuSa( karaNa )niSTha vyApAra ke caitra ( kartA ) ke vyApAra ke adhIna nahIM rahane ke kAraNa 'caitrastuNaiH ( pacati )' nahIM hogA aura usI prakAra cUMki kASThaniSTha vyApAra maitravyApAra ke adhIna nahIM, isalie 'maitraH kASThaH pacati' bhI nahIM hogaa| jisa karaNa kA vyApAra jisa kartA ke vyApAra ke adhIna hai usI ke sAtha usakA prAmANya bhI hogA--'caitraH kASThaH, maitrastuSaH' kaheM to koI Apatti nhiiN| yahA~ kartA aura karaNa kA sAtha hI ullekha huA hai / jahA~ isa rUpa meM kartA kA samabhivyAhAra nahIM hotA vahA~ karaNa meM kevala vyApArayukta kAraNatA kI pratIti hotI hai; jaise -- zaraiH zAtitapatro'yam, dAtreNa lunAti / kintu jahA~ kartA kA bhI samabhivyAhAra ho rahA ho vahA~ kartA ke vyApAra ke adhIna vyApArayukta kAraNa ko hI karaNa hotA hai, yahI vizeSatA hai / kAraNa tathA karaNa meM bheda gadAdhara eka vizeSa tathya kI ora hamArA dhyAna AkRSTa karate haiM ki karaNatva meM kAma denevAlA kAraNa phala ko utpanna karane kI yogyatA avazya rakhe, anyathA kATane kA kAma ( chidA-kriyA ) to kuThAra se aura dAtra (ha~suA ) se bhI sampanna hotA hai, ataH eka kI karaNatA meM honevAlI kriyAniSpatti ke prati dUsare ko bhI usakI svarUpayogyatA ke AdhAra para karaNa kaha diyA jA sakatA hai| kintu hama jAnate haiM ki kuThAra ke karaNa hone para jo chidAkriyA niSpanna hotI hai, vaha dAtra kI karaNatA meM nahIM hotii| ataH pUrNa kriyAniSpatti ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI vyApArayukta kAraNa ko karaNa kahanA cAhie / naiyAyikoM ne kAraNa aura karaNa kA isa prakAra samAntara prayoga kiyA hai ki kabhIkabhI donoM ke pArthakya kI pratIti kaThinatA se hotI hai| kintu vastutaH donoM meM spaSTa vibhAga hai / bhrama kA kAraNa yahI hai ki donoM kI sthiti kArya ke avyavahita pUrva meM hotI hai / aisA hone para bhI aMzataH kArya kI prakRti tathA aMzataH vyApAra para avalambita rahakara karaNa aura kAraNa kA bheda kiyA jA sakatA hai| 1. eka hI pAkakriyA meM-(1) caitrakartakatva, ( 2 ) tuSakaraNakatva, (3) maitrakartRkatva tathA ( 4 ) kASThakaraNakatva-ina cAroM kI upasthiti hotI hai, isIlie uparyukta vyatikara sambhava hai| 2. 'karbasamabhivyAhArasthale vyApAravatkAraNatvamAtraM prtiiyte| kartasamabhivyAhArasthale vyApAre tavyApArAdhInatvamapIti sAmaJjasyam' / -vyu0 pR0 225 3. 'kAraNatvaM ca phalopadhAnarUpameva karaNatAghaTakam / anyathA kuThArAdikaraNakacchidAdI dAtrAderapi svarUpayogyatayA karaNatvApatteH' / -vahIM

Page #232
212 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana pANini ne tRtIyA-vibhakti kA vidhAna karane vAle sUtroM meM karaNa tathA kAraNa ko pRthaka sthAna diyA hai| karaNa meM honevAlI tRtIyA kA sUtra hai --'karta karaNayostRtIyA' ( 2 / 3 / 18 ), jaba ki kAraNa meM 'hetau' ( 2 / 3 / 23 ) sUtra se tRtIyA hotI hai / hetu kA prayoga vyAkaraNa meM eka zAstrIya artha meM bhI ( hetukartA ) hotA hai--- yaha hama dekha cuke haiN| kintu yahA~ hetu kA prayoga usake sAdhAraNa artha ( kAraNa ) meM hI huA hai| hetu aura kAraNa ko nyAyazAstra meM paryAya mAnA gayA hai / avazya hI anumAna ke prasaMga meM kevala hetu kA hI prayoga hotA hai, kAraNa kA nhiiN| phira bhI inakI paryAyarUpatA akSuNNa rahatI hai, kyoMki liMgarUpa hetu bhI kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM kAraNa rahatA hI hai; jaise - 'parvato vahnimAn, dhUmavattvAt' / yahA~ pakSa ( parvata ) meM vahnimattva ( sAdhya ) ko siddha karane ke lie dhUmavattva ke rUpa meM hetu diyA gayA hai / yahI dhUmavattva vahnimattva kA kAraNa bhI hai, kyoMki inameM sAdhya-sAdhana yA kArya-kAraNa kA sambandha hai| parvatAdi pakSa meM dhama kA jo jJAna hotA hai use parAmarza kahate haiM / isa parAmarza ko anumitijJAna kA karaNa mAnA gayA hai aura anumiti kA karaNa hone se isI ko ( jaise-vahnivyApyadhUmavAnayaM parvataH ) anumAna bhI kahate haiN| naiyAyika isa prakAra pramANoM ko yathArthAnubhava kA karaNa mAnate haiM--pratyakSa ke lie indriyArthasaMtikarSa ( indriya, nirvikalpaka jJAna bhI), anumiti ke lie anumAna, upamiti ke lie upamAna aura zAbdabodha ke lie padajJAna karaNa haiM / isI sandarbha meM kaNAda hetu, liMga, pramANa tathA karaNa ko bhI paryAya rUpa meM rakhate haiM, kyoMki pramANa pramA kA karaNa ( prakRSTa kAraNa ) hai| usI ke antargata anumAna kA hetu aura usakA uparyukta parAmarza bhI calA AtA hai| prAcIna naiyAyika 'paravasAdhAraNaM kAraNaM karaNam' kahate hue thor3A bhinna rUpa meM vyAptijJAna ko anumiti kA karaNa mAnate haiM jaba ki navya naiyAyika parAmarza ko karaNa mAnane meM ruci dikhalAte haiM ( nyAyakoza, pR0 200 ) / isa prakAra nyAya-vaizeSika darzanoM meM karaNa-kAraNa ke samAntara prayoga kA mukhya AdhAra pramANa-vicAra hai| gadAdhara ne vyutpattivAda ( pR0 226 ) meM 'dhUmena vahnimanuminoti' isa udAharaNa ko lekara bhI do mata diye haiN| jo loga liMgajJAna ko anumiti kA karaNa mAnate haiM unake mata meM dhUma kA artha hai-dhamajJAna / isalie vyAptiviziSTa liMga ke jJAna kA 1. 'heturiha kAraNaM, na zAstrIyaH / tasya kartasaMjJAyA api sattvena kartatRtIyayaiva siddheH| -la0 za0 ze0, pR0 437 2. 'samavAyikAraNatvaM jnyeymthaapysmvaayihetutvm'| --bhASApari0, 17 3. 'vyApyasya pakSavRttitvadhIH parAmarza ucyate' / vyApya arthAt anvayavyApti kA sAdhana ( hetu-dhUma ) pakSa meM vartamAna hai, aisA bodha honA parAmarza hai| -vahIM, kArikA 68 4. 'heturapadezo liGaga pramANaM krnnmitynrthaantrm'| -vai0 sU. 9 / 2 / 4

Page #233
213 vyApAra hotA hai; punaH yahA~ parAmarza vyAptiviziSTa liMga kA pakSa ke sAtha vaiziSTya ( pakSadharmatA ) se sambaddha jJAna hai, jo anumAtA puruSa ke vyApAra ke adhIna hai / ataeva dhUma karaNa hai / kintu unakA pakSa dUsare mata se milatA hai / tadanusAra liMga-jJAna ke karaNa hone para bhI dhUma-pada se dhUmajJAna kA bodha nahIM hotA, apitu vaha apane zakyArtha meM hI rahatA hai, ataH dhUma karaNa nahIM, hetu hI hai aura 'heto' sUtra se usameM tRtIyA hotI hai / karaNa tathA hetu' pANini ne jahA~ karaNa aura hetu ke bheda kA saMketamAtra kiyA vahIM unake sampradAya meM isakI pUrNa mImAMsA kI gayI tathA pANini-prayukta hetu ko kAraNa paryAya mAnakara bhI anumAna gata hetu se pRthak to kiyA hI gayA, karaNa se bhI isakA spaSTa bhedanirUpaNa huA / isameM phala-sAdhana ke yogya padArtha ko hetu kahate haiM ( nyAyakoza, pR0 1071 ) / jaise - dhanena kuzalam, vidyayA yazaH Adi / yahA~ kuzalatA aura yazolAbha phala ke rUpa meM nirdiSTa haiM, jinakI siddhi ke yogya padArtha kramazaH dhana aura vidyA haiM; ataH ye hetu haiM / inheM kAraNa bhI kaha sakate haiM, kyoMki kAraNa ke samAna ye phaloM ke utpAdaka bhI haiM / smaraNIya hai ki anumAna meM AnevAlA hetu utpAdaka nahIM, jJApaka hotA hai / sAmAnya rUpa se kAraNa ke nAma se pracalita tattva hI pANini kA hetu hai, kintu isameM mukhyatayA nimitta kAraNa kA hI samAveza hai, samavAyI aura asamavAyI kA nahIM; yadyapi inake niSedha kA koI prazna nahIM uThatA / karaNa-kAraka apanI yogyatA anusAra hetu meM helArAja ke jJAta srotoM meM vAkyapadIya meM hI sarvaprathama karaNa aura hetu kI vibhAjaka rekhA khIMcI gayI hai / bhartRhari usameM pahalI bAta batalAte haiM ki hetu meM vyApAra kA Azraya nahIM liyA jAtA, jaba ki karaNa kAraka savyApAra hotA hai / vivakSita vastu yA prayojana kI siddhi ke lie vyApAra kA Azraya liye binA hI kevala se nimitta ke rUpa meM jo Azrita ho, vahI hetu hai / tRtIyA zeSalakSaNA SaSThI yA sambandha SaSThI ke sthAna meM hotI hai; jaise - adhyayanena vasati / adhyayana hetu tathA vAsa hetumAn hai / ina donoM ke paraspara sambandha ke kAraNa zeSa SaSThI prApta thI, jise rokakara hetu tRtIyA huI hai / yahA~ kriyA kA nimitta hetu hai, kintu isameM vyApAra kA leza nahIM / bhaTTojidIkSita isakI vyAkhyA meM kahate haiM ki hetu ke antargata phala ko bhI le liyA jAtA hai / 'adhyayana ke lie nivAsa' meM pahale nivAsa hotA hai, taba adhyayana / phalataH anuvartI hone ke kAraNa niyamataH adhyayana ko hetu nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki hetu kA artha yadi kAraNa hai to use caahie| dUsarI ora adhyayana karaNa bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki nivAsa kArya ke pUrva rahanA kI siddhi meM isakI ma0 harikRpAludvivedI smAraka -grantha meM hetukaraNavivekaH 1. draSTavya-ma0 ( merA nibandha ) / 2. 'anAzrite tu vyApAre nimittaM heturiSyate' | -- - vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 24 pU0

Page #234
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana prakRSTopakArakatA nahIM / taba tRtIyA kaise huI ? vastutaH upakAryopakAraka -bhAva hone se tAdarthya meM caturthI honI cAhie / isIlie adhyayanarUpa phala ko bhI hetu ke antargata mAnakara tRtIyA kI siddhi huI hai / vAstava meM yahA~ hetu nimitta, uddezya, prayojana, phala paryAya rUpa meM haiM / yahI dIkSita kA Azaya hai / anyathA nivAsa - kriyA kA kAraNa adhyayana nahIM ho sakatA / 214 nAyaka kevala guNa aura dravya ke nimitta ko hetu mAnate haiM, kriyA ke nimitta ko nahIM / uparyukta hetu nizcita rUpa se akAraka vibhakti kA viSaya hai / yadi kriyA kA grahaNa kriyApada se ho, vyApAra kA bodha ho rahA ho taba to vaha kAraka-vibhakti hI hai; yathA - vidyayA vasati / yahA~ vidyA nivAsavyApAra kA nimitta tathA kriyAnirvartaka hai / vastutaH nimitta tIna prakAra kA hai - ( 1 ) svarUpabheda se kriyA kA nirvartaka hone para kAraka, ( 2 ) sAmAnyarUpa se janaka hone para hetu tathA ( 3 ) jJApaka hone para lakSaNa / isa antima nimitta ke lie pANini-sUtra hai -anurlakSaNe ( 1 / 4 / 84 ) | yathA - 'vRkSamanu vidyotate' ( vRkSa ko lakSita karake bijalI camakatI hai ) / yahA~ vidyotana kA jJApakanimitta vRkSa hai / lakSaNa meM yahI vizeSatA hotI hai ki isameM avadhi - bhAva maryAdA, sImA kA bhI bodha hotA hai, jo lakSyamANa vastu ke prakAzana meM nirUpita hotA hai' / tadanusAra vRkSa avadhi ke rUpa meM bijalI camakane kI kriyA kA paricchedaka hai / 'japamanu prAvarSat' ityAdi udAharaNoM meM japa vastutaH vRSTi kA janaka hone se hetu hai aura tadanusAra isameM tRtIyA honI cAhie, kintu hetu ko hI jJApakatva - sAmAnya se lakSaNa mAnakara 'anu' ke yoga meM ( karmapravacanIyayukte dvitIyA 2038 ) dvitIyA kI gayI hai / bhaTTojidIkSita isakA artha karate haiM ki varSA hetubhUta japa se upalakSita ho rahI hai arthAt japa hetu hI hai / tathApi 'to' ( 2 / 3 / 23 ) kI prApti parasUtra hone para bhI yahA~ nahIM hotI, kyoMki 'lakSaNetthambhUta 0 ' ( 1/4/90 ) sUtra se hI ( jo para meM bhI hai ) karmapravacanIya saMjJA kI siddhi ho jAne para bhI 'anurlakSaNe' ( 124184 ) sUtra ko pRthak dekara isakI zakti sphIta kI gayI hai aura phalata: isI se 'japamanu prAvarSat' meM japa mukhyataH lakSaNa nahIM hone para bhI lakSaNavat vyavahRta hokara dvitIyA grahaNa karatA hai / bhartRharikaraNa aura hetu kA dUsarA bheda viSaya vaiSamya ke haiM ki hetu dravyAdi ( dravya, guNa aura kriyA ) tInoM kA viSaya AdhAra para siddha karate hai arthAt vaha tInoM ke - vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 24 u0 1. 'AzritAvadhibhAvaM tu lakSaNe lakSaNaM viduH' / 2. 'janakazca hetu:, na lakSaNamiti heturevAtra jJApakatvasAmAnyAllakSaNazabdenoktaH ityavirodhaH ' / - helArAja, pR0 251 3. ' hetubhUtajapopalakSitaM varSaNamityarthaH / parApi hetAviti tRtIyAnena bAdhyate, lakSaNetthambhUtetyAdinA siddhe punaH saMjJAvidhAnasAmarthyAt' / - si0 kau0, pR0 425

Page #235
karaNa-kAraka 215 " , guNa ,, sAdhana meM samartha hai| dUsarI ora karaNa-kAraka kevala kriyA kI siddhi meM samartha hai ( 'dravyAdiviSayo hetuH kArakaM niyatakriyam'-vA0pa0 3 / 7 / 25 pU0 ) / phalasvarUpa dravya aura guNa ke sAdhaka meM karaNa kI prApti kabhI nahIM hotii| karaNa kevala kriyA meM vyApAra kA pradarzana karatA hai| isameM bhI nirvyApAra hone se use hetu hI kahate haiM / dravya aura guNa kI sthiti meM cUMki karaNa kA koI yogadAna nahIM rahatA ataeva unake sAdhana meM hetu vyApAra kare yA nahIM-koI antara nahIM par3atA; donoM prakAra se hetu hI rahatA hai / karaNa aura hetu ke bheda-vivecana kA yaha phalitArtha hai1. nirvyApAra yA savyApAra rahakara dravya kA janaka / hetu hai| , kriyA , 4. -- savyApAra , kriyA ,, } karaNa hai| hetu ke kucha udAharaNa ise spaSTa kara sakeMge (1) dravyaviSayaka hetu-daNDena ghaTaH / yahA~ daNDa meM vyApAra hai, kintu usakA sAkSAt kriyA se anvaya nahIM hone se vaha karaNa nahIM hai / daNDa ghaTa ke janaka ke rUpa meM AyA huA hai / yahA~ hetu savyApAra hai| dUsarI ora 'dhanena kulam' isa udAharaNa meM dhana kA koI vyApAra nhiiN| vyApAra ho bhI to usase pRthak rahakara hI dhana apanI yogyatA-mAtra se kula kA hetu hai-aisA Azaya hai / (2) guNaviSayaka hetu-puNyena gauravarNaH / puNya ke do artha haiM-parama apUrva ( adRSTa ) tathA yajJAdi dhArmika kriyAkalApa / pahalA nirvyApAra hotA hai, dUsarA savyApAra / donoM hI sthitiyoM meM yaha hetu hI rahatA hai, kyoMki kriyA se isakA sAkSAt anvaya nahIM hai / isI prakAra helArAja 'zilpAbhyAsena naipuNyam' yaha udAharaNa dete haiM, jisameM naipuNya-guNa kA janaka savyApAra zilpAbhyAsa vivakSita hai| (3 ) kriyAviSayaka hetu-puNyena dRSTo hariH / yahA~ 'puNya' kA artha paramApUrva ( adRSTa ) hai, jisameM koI vyApAra nahIM hotaa| ataeva darzana-kriyA se anvaya ( darzanakA hetu ) hone para nirvyApAra hone ke kAraNa puNya hetu hai tathA usameM hetu-tRtIyA huI hai / yadi hama puNya kA artha ukta dhArmika kriyA-kalApa ( yajJa-yAgAdi ) leM to puNya hetu nahIM rahegA, kyoMki darzana-kriyA se anvaya hone se aura savyApAra hone se isameM kArakatva kI Apatti hogI arthAt vaha karaNa kahalAyegA aura tRtIyA kI utpatti 'heto' ( 2 / 3 / 23 ) se nahIM, 'kartRkaraNayostRtIyA' ( 2 / 3 / 18 ) se hogii| helArAja kriyAviSayaka hetu kA udAharaNa 'agninA pAkaH' dete haiM ki savyApAra hone para bhI 1. 'daNDe vyApArasattve'pi kriyAjanakatvAbhAvAnna karaNatvam / -la0 za0 ze0, pR0 438 . 2. 'kulasya hi dhanena prasiddhirupajanyate / tatra coparatavyApAra dhanaM, yogyatAmAtrAtkulasya heturiti' / -helA0 3, pR0 255

Page #236
216 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana agnivyApAra ke samApta hone para hI pAkakriyA kI siddhi hotI hai| pAkakriyA kI asiddhi meM ( yathA-agninA pacati ) to agni karaNa ke rUpa meM hai hii| isa prakAra karaNa-kAraka ke lie viSayarUpa meM kriyA hI niyata hai, usameM vyApArayukta honA karaNa kA svarUpabheda hai' / smaraNIya hai ki vyApArayukta kriyA-viSaya ko jo hetu kahA jAtA hai vaha zAstrIya hetu hai ( 'kartA karvantarApekSaH kriyAyAM heturiSyate'-vA0 50 3 / 7 / 25 u0 ) aura vaha svatantra kartA kA prayojaka hotA hai / / hetu aura karaNa meM eka vizeSa bheda kiyA jAtA hai ki hetu ke adhIna kartA rahatA hai, jaba ki kartA ke adhIna karaNa hai / 'dhUmenAndhaH' meM dhUma hetu hai, kyoMki yaha draSTA ke adhIna nahIM hai, pratyuta draSTA hI dhUma ke adhIna hai| dUsarI ora 'dAtreNa lunAti' meM dAtra ( karaNa ) chedanakartA ke adhIna hai ( yadadhInA kartuH pravRttiH sa hetuH, karbadhInaM karaNamiti hetukaraNayorbhedaH / / isakA kAraNa hai ki hetu ko eka to kriyAniSpatti se kucha lenA-denA nahIM hai, dUsare yadi ho bhI to vaha nirvyApAra hI pravRtta hotA hai / kartA kI sArthakatA kriyAsiddhi meM svatantra rUpa se pravRtta hone meM hI hai / kriyA nahIM ho to kartA kA svarUpa hI na rhe| ataH hetu kA svarUpa aisA hai ki kartA use kisI viSaya meM vyApta nahIM kara sktaa| dUsarI ora vaha dhana, vidyA ityAdi hetuoM ke adhIna apanA vyApAra saMcAlita kara sakatA hai| jaise--vidyayA yazaH / yahA~ vidyA-hetu ke adhIna kartA yazorUpI phala kA lAbha karatA hai| 'labhate' kA adhyAhAra karake kartA kI vyavasthA ho sakatI hai| bhartRhari isI viSaya ko kartA se haTAkara kriyA para le jAte haiN| hama dekha cuke haiM ki karaNa tathA hetu donoM kA sAdhAraNa viSaya kriyA bhI hai| savyApAra-nirvyApAra kI bAta pRthak hai| to karaNa kriyA kI niSpatti ke lie hotA hai, ataeva kriyA pradhAnabhAva se rahatI hai aura karaNa apradhAna hotA hai| kriyA kI isI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa jahA~ zrUyamANa karaNa nahIM ho vahAM usake sthAnApanna padArtha ko pratinidhi ke rUpa meM rakhate haiM / pradhAna rUpa meM vidyamAna kriyA sAdhya hone ke kAraNa apane yogya sAdhana kA AkSepa karane meM pUrNa samartha hai, isameM sandeha nahIM / tadanusAra kriyAsiddhi ke lie karaNa kA pratinidhitva hotA hai| kriyA aura hetu kA sambandha isake viparIta hotA hai, kyoMki kriyA hetu ke sampAdana ke lie hotI hai; ataH pradhAnabhUta hetu ke samakSa vaha svayam apradhAna banI rahatI hai| kriyAsiddhi meM sahAyaka nahIM hone ke kAraNa azrutAvasthA meM bhI isakA koI pratinidhi nahIM hotaa| 'adhyayanena vasati' meM vAsa kriyA 1. kriyAsAdhana niyataM tu kArakam / tatra hi kriyava viSayabhUtA niyatA, vyApArAviSTatvaM ca svarUpabhedaH' / -helArAja 3, pR0 256 2. helArAja 3, pR0 256 / 3. 'kriyAya karaNaM tasya dRSTa: pratinidhistathA / hetvarthA tu kriyA tasmAnna sa pratinidhIyate' / -vA0pa0 3 / 7 / 26

Page #237
217 pradhAnatayA pratIta ho rahI hai, phira bhI vastu kI sAmarthya ke kAraNa adhyayana hetu ke adhIna hai, kyoMki adhyayana ke lie hI nivAsa abhipreta hai| dUsare zabdoM meM adhyayana sAdhya (pradhAna) tathA nivAsa sAdhana ( apradhAna ) hai / gauNa vastu para pradhAna vastu Azrita nahIM hotI hai ki adhyayana ke abhAva meM nivAsa kI niSpatti ke lie kucha dUsarA padArtha usake sthAna para baiThA deN| yadi dUsarI vastu usake sthAna para baiThAte haiM to vahI mukhya hetu ho jAyagI; jaise -- bhRtyA vasati ( jIvikArtha rahatA hai ) / niSkarSataH adhyayana meM hetu tRtIyA hI hai / savyApAra adhyayana ke dvArA vAsakriyA kI nirvRtti nahIM ho rahI hai ki ise karaNa mAneM; isake viparIta nivAsa-kriyA kA hI sAdhya yA lakSya adhyayana hai| ataH vyApArahIna kevala yogyatA se uddezyarUpa meM vartamAna adhyayana nivAsa kA hetu hai / yahI adhyayana yadi vyApArayukta tathA nivAsa ke prati anukUla hone ke rUpa meM vivakSita ho to prayojaka kartA yA zAstrIya hetu bhI ho jA sakatA hai; jaise -adhyayanaM vAsayati ( adhyayana use yahA~ ThaharAye huA hai ) / karaNa-kAraka hetu aura tAdarthya meM bheda isa vivecana se hetu aura tAdarthya meM bhrama hone kI AzaMkA hai, jisakA nirAkaraNa isa kArikA meM huA hai 'prAtilomyAnulomyAbhyAM heturarthasya sAdhakaH / tAdarthya mAnulomyena hetutvAnugataM tu tat' // - vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 27 hetu apane artha kI siddhi donoM prakAra se karatA hai - anuloma-vidhi se ( dUsaroM ke saMsarga se kArya ko upacitatara karate hue ) tathA pratiloma - vidhi se ( svayaM kSINa hote hue kSINatara kArya utpanna karate hue ) / tAdarthya anuloma-vidhi kA sahArA letA hai tathA hetutva se anugata eka prakAra kA hetu hI hai / 'kuNDalAya hiraNyam' isakA udAharaNa hai, jisameM kuNDala upakArya athavA sAdhya hai, jaba ki hiraNya upakAraka yA sAdhaka hai / 'tasmai idam' kA samAsa karake 'tadartham' hotA hai aura isameM bhAvavAcaka SyaJ pratyaya lagAkara 'tAdarthya' zabda banatA hai / upakArya aura upakAraka ke bIca kAryakAraNasambandha kA artha hai - udbhUta rUpa ( jisakA rUpa nayanagocara ho ) / ' yaha usameM udbhUta hai' yahA~ karaNa upakAraka pratIta hotA hai aura kAryakAraNa sambandha ke utpanna hone para jo caturthI hotI hai vaha kAryavAcaka zabda ko hI / kAraNavAcaka se tRtIyA nahIM hotI / 1. 'adhyayanena vasatIti tu vasatikriyA''khyAtAtprAdhAnyenApi pratIyamAnA vastusAmarthyAdadhyayanAkhya hetuparatantrA' / - helArAja, pR0 156-57 2. ' na hyadhyayanena vyApArAviSTena vAso nirvartyate, api tu vAsasyAdhyayanameva sampAdyaM pradhAnamiti nirvyApAraM yogyatAmAtreNoddezyamadhyayanaM vAsasya hetuH' / - helArAja, vahIM

Page #238
218 saMskRta vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana ___isa prakAra karaNa, hetu, lakSaNa, tAdarthya-ina cAroM meM nimittatA kI samatA hone para bhI lakSaNa ke vyAmizraNa kA prasaMga nahIM aataa| karaNa aura hetu kA vibheda to vyAkaraNa kA pramukha viSaya hai hii| 'Azraya' karaNatRtIyA kA artha hai-kauNDabhaTTa ___ navya-vaiyAkaraNoM meM kauNDabhaTTa karaNatRtIyA ke do artha mAnate haiM--Azraya tathA vyApAra / dIkSita kI mUla kArikA ( saM0 24 ) meM 'Azraya'-zabda vyApAra ko bhI antarbhUta karane ke kAraNa upalakSaNa hai / karaNa-lakSaNa meM sarvatra vyApAra kI carcA hai ki isake vyApAra ke anantara binA vyavadhAna ke kriyAsiddhi hotI hai| yaha avyavadhAna hI tRtIyA kI viziSTatA hai| 'sAdhakatama' meM atizaya-bodhaka tamap kA artha prakarSa mAnate hue koNDabhaTTa kahate haiM ki avyavahita phala ko utpanna karane vAle vyApAra se yukta kAraNa hI karaNa hai / isI se vyApAra aura Azraya kI zakyArthatA siddha hotI hai / 'rAmeNa bANena hato vAlI' isa udAharaNa meM bANa karaNa hai, jisake prakRtyartha kA abhedarUpa se tRtIyArtha ( Azraya ) meM anvaya hotA hai| isa Azraya kA anvaya Adheya hone ke kAraNa vyApAra ( karaNa-tRtIyA kA dUsarA artha ) meM hotA hai| isa vyApAra kA anvaya bhI janakatA-sambandha se ( kyoMki yaha vyApAra dhAtvartha kA janaka yA niSpAdaka hai ) dhAtvartha ke vyApAra meM yA prANa-viyogAtmaka phala meM hotA hai| tadanusAra bodha hotA hai ki rAmaniSTha jo vyApAra hai usake viSaya ke rUpa meM avasthita bANAzrayavyApAra se sampanna honevAle ( sAdhya ) prANaviyoga rUpa phala kA Azraya vAlI hai / bhUSaNakAra kA mata aneka vaiyAkaraNoM ko svIkAra nhiiN| ve vyApAra meM tRtIyA kI zakti nahIM mAnate tathA tRtIyArtha Azraya kA hI, apane meM ( karaNa meM ) vartamAna vyApAra se janya hone ke kAraNa, janyajanakatvAdi sambandha se anvaya dikhalA dete haiM / kahane kA yaha artha hai ki isa pakSa meM vyApAra aura Azraya kI pRthak zakti nahIM mAnI jAtI, pratyuta Azraya ke antargata vyApAra bhI samAviSTa ho jAtA hai| nAgeza bhI isI pakSa ke samarthaka haiN| brahmasUtra meM karaNatva-vivakSA bhartahari ne jo anya kArakoM kI karaNatva-vivakSA batalAyI hai usa para vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa meM vedAntaviSayaka prazna uThAyA gayA hai| vivakSA hone para bhI eka hI sAtha to aneka kAraka karaNa nahIM ho sakate--dvitIyA, saptamI Adi vibhaktiyoM kA avakAza raha hI jAtA hai| brahmasUtra meM 'kartA zAstrArthavattvAt' ( 2 / 3 / 33 ) se jIvAtmA ke kartRtva kI siddhi kI gayI hai ki 'yajeta, juhuyAt' ityAdi vidhi-vAkyoM kI artha 1. draSTavya-harirAma, vai0 bhU0 sA0 kAzikA, pR0 379 / 2. 'tathA ca rAmaniSTho yo vyApArastadviSayIbhUta-bANavyApArasAdhyaprANaviyogAzrayo vAlIti vaakyaarthH'| -prauDhamano0, pR0 510

Page #239
219 vattA siddha karane ke lie jIvAtmA ko kartA mAnanA anivArya hai / punaH yaha kahA gayA hai ki yadi jIva kartA na ho, buddhi yA vijJAna kartA bana jAya to zakti kA viparyaya ho jAyagA ( 'zaktiviparyayAt' 2 / 3 / 38 ) arthAt buddhi kI karaNa-zakti naSTa hokara usameM kartRtva-zakti A jAyagI, aisA hone se buddhi hI 'aham' ke jJAna kA viSaya ho jAyagI / yadi buddhi kartA ho jAya to usakI pravRtti ke lie dUsare karaNa kI AvazyakatA hogI, kyoMki samartha hone para bhI karaNa ko lekara hI kartA kI pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai / kisI bhI sthiti meM buddhi kA kartRtva vAMchanIya nahIM / yadi uparyukta vivakSA kA niyama svIkAra karate haiM to karaNa ke kartRtva yA usI prakAra ke anya viparyaya meM Apatti nahIM honI cAhie - ataH vivakSA niyama tathA zAMkarabhASya meM virodha-sA lagatA hai / karaNa-kAraka kintu bAta aisI nahIM hai / sUtrakAra yA bhASyakAra kA yaha Azaya kadApi nahIM hai ki vivakSA se sabhI kArakoM ko karaNatva nahIM hogA / pratyuta ve yaha kahate haiM ki buddhi ke pariNAmabhUta antaHkaraNa meM jo nizcita ( klRpta ) karaNatva hai usakI kSati ho jAyagI tathA anizcita kartRzakti kA praveza ho jAyagA / kisI zrutivAkya meM karaNa ke rUpa meM buddhi-pariNAma ( antaHkaraNa ) nizcita ho aura dUsare meM kartRtvavivakSA ho to bhI koI hAni nahIM / virodha to taba hotA hai jaba donoM kI yugapat vivakSA kareM / kintu vAstava meM yathA ca takSobhayathA' ( bra0 sU0 2 / 3 / 40 ) sUtra ke bhASya meM zaMkara ne spaSTa kara diyA hai ki jIva kA kartRtva svAbhAvika nahIM hai, pratyuta vaha aupAdhika hai / yadi svAbhAvika kartRtva hotA to mukti nahIM hotI, kyoMki kartRtva duHkharUpa hotA hai / jaise uSNatA se agni kA viyoga sambhava nahIM usI prakAra jIvAtmA kA viyoga bhI svAbhAvika kartRtva ( duHkha ) se nahIM ho sakatA thA / takSA ( bar3haI ) basUlA Adi sAdhanoM ko ( jo karaNa haiM ) hAtha meM liye rahane para duHkhI hotA hai, kyoMki taba vaha kartA banA rahatA hai; yadi vaha una karaNoM ko chor3akara baiThA rahe to sukhI hotA hai, kyoMki taba usameM kartRtva nahIM rahatA / isase spaSTa hai ki kartRtva aupAdhika hotA hai, karaNAdi ke saMsarga meM Ane se hI koI kartA kahalAtA hai / ataeva uparyukta zakti-viparyaya kI bAta isa tathya kA dyotana karatI hai ki buddhi ko gauNa sthAna pradAna kiyA gayA hai, usameM kartRtva-zakti kA abhAva dikhalAnA abhipreta hai / takSA mUlataH kartA nahIM hai ( karaNa ke saMsarga meM Ane para hI kartA hotA hai ), usI prakAra jIva bhI mUlataH kartA nahIM / zarIra, indriya, buddhi ke saMsarga se isameM aupAdhika kartRtva AtA hai / vivakSA se ye bhI kartA ho sakate haiM, kintu jaba jIva meM hI kartRtva nahIM taba inake 1. 'yadi punavijJAnazabdavAcyA buddhireva kartrI syAt tataH zaktiviparyayaH syAt / karaNazaktirbuddherhIyeta kartRzaktirApadyeta / satyAM ca buddheH kartRzaktau tasyA evAhampratyayaviSayatvamabhyupagantavyam' / - zAMkarabhASya 2 / 3 / 38 2. 'zakto'pi hi san kartA karaNamupAdAya kriyAsu pravartamAno dRzyate' / - vahIM

Page #240
220 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana kartRtva ko kauna pUchatA hai ? tathApi 'zabdajJAnAnupAtI vastuzUnyo vikalpaH' ( yo* sU0 19) mAnane meM kyA hAni hai ? nAgeza ke dvArA karaNatva-vivecana nAgezabhaTTa karaNa ko karaNatAzakti se yukta mAnakara isa zakti kA nirvacana karate haiM-'yadvyApArAvyavadhAnena kriyAniSpattivivakSyate tanniSThA' ( la0 ma0, pR0 1251 ) / jisake vyApAra ke bAda binA kisI vyavadhAna ke kriyAsiddhi vivakSita ho usI meM rahanevAlI karaNatA-zakti hai| spaSTataH uparyukta lakSaNoM kI hI isameM pratidhvani hai| isake anusAra karaNa-tRtIyA kA artha 'karaNatva-zakti se yukta' tathA 'kriyA-karaNabhAva' sambandha bhI hai / karaNa anvaya ke sambandha meM nAgeza ne do matoM kA ullekha kiyA hai (1) tRtIyA kA hI artha karaNa hai| prakRtyartha (bANa kA artha ) kA usameM abhedAnvaya hone se 'bANAbhinna karaNa' kA bodha hotA hai / aba isa prakRtyartha se abhedasambandha se anvita tRtIyArtha kA bhI anvaya dhAtvartha meM hotA hai, jisake lie svaniSTha ( karaNa, tRtIyArtha meM sthita ) vyApAra ke avyavahita bAda meM utpatti honA sambandha kA kAma karatA hai / pariNAmataH 'karaNabANIyo vadhaH' yA 'bANakaraNako vadhaH' ke rUpa meM bodha hotA hai / yaha mata bhUSaNakAra kI isa ukti kA tiraskAra karatA hai ki Azraya tathA vyApAra ye do zakyArtha haiN| (2) dUsarA mata nAgeza kA apanA hai, jisake anusAra karaNa kA anvaya dhAtvarthavyApAra se hotA hai, na ki phalAMza se| yahA~ uparyukta kriyA-karaNabhAva sambandha kA kAma karatA hai / zabda-zakti kI yaha prakRti hai ki kriyA meM karaNa kA anvaya ho / karaNa kA anvaya vyApAra meM hone se hI mImAMsA-darzana meM 'udbhidA yajeta' isa vidhivAkya meM udbhid-zabda meM kahIM matvartha-lakSaNA na ho jAya, isa bhaya se ise nAmadheya ( yAgavizeSa kA nAma ) mAna liyA gayA hai| tadanusAra artha hotA hai-udbhid nAmaka yAga se yajJa kI bhAvanA kre| yadi aisA na hokara ( phala meM bhI anvaya hone para ) vyApAra ( bhAvanA ) meM karaNa ke rUpa meM anvaya hotA to dhAtvartha ke phalAMza meM karaNa ke sAtha anvaya hone meM kaThinAI nahIM hotI aura anvayAnupapatti para Azrita lakSaNA kA prasaMga hI upasthita nahIM hotA ki usakA vAraNa kiyA jaay| bhAva yaha hai ki 'udbhidA yajeta' meM yadi udbhid kA artha vanaspati lete haiM to abhISTa artha taka pahu~cane ke lie artha karanA hogA-'udbhidvatA yajeta' ( vanaspatiyukta yAga se yajJa kI bhAvanA kare ) arthAt matvartha-lakSaNA mAnanI hogii| kintu yaha jaghanya vRtti hai, ata: udbhid ko yAgavizeSa kA nAma mAnakara abhidhAvRtti se hI 1. la0 ma0, kalA, pR0 1252 / 2. 'karaNaM tRtIyArthaH / prakRtyarthasya tatrAbhedenAnvayaH / tasya ca svaniSThavyApArAvyavahitottarotpattikatvasambandhena dhAtvarthe'nvaya ityeke'| -la0 ma0, pR0 1252

Page #241
karaNa-kAraka 221 abhISTa artha para pahu~cA jA sakatA hai / mImAMsaka yahI karate bhI haiM / nAgeza kahate haiM ki yaha dyotita karatA hai ki karaNa kA anvaya vyApAra meM hI hotA hai, kyoMki karaNa ke sAtha dhAtvartha vyApAra ke anvaya meM anupapatti hone se hI lakSaNA kA prasaMga AtA hai, dhAtvartha phalAMza ke sAtha to karaNarUpa meM anvaya ThIka hI ho jAtA hai, jisase lakSaNA prasakta nahIM hotii| isIlie 'somena yajeta' meM mImAMsaka loga chAndasa matvartha-lakSaNA mAnakara kAma calAte haiN| yadi vyApAra meM hI karaNa kA anvaya kiyA jAya to phala kA karaNa ke rUpa meM anvaya ho jAyagA, jisase 'jyotiSTomena yajeta' yaha karmasvarUpamAtra kA bodhaka hone se utpatti-vidhi hai, usI meM vihita karaNa ke dvArA avaruddha ho jAne se punaH dUsare karaNa ke anvaya kI yogyatA nahIM rahegI aura antataH lakSaNA Avazyaka ho jAyegI / chAndasa lakSaNA kI koI AvazyakatA nhiiN| nAgeza isa viSaya meM apanA mata dete haiM ki phala meM bhI yadi karaNa kA anvaya kiyA jAya to phalAMza meM vairUpya utpanna ho jAyagA, kyoMki eka ora to bhAvanA se nirUpita karaNa kA rUpa use milegA aura dUsarI ora apane karaNa se nirUpita sAdhya bhI vahI hogA--ye donoM sthitiyA~ yugapat upasthita hoMgI, ataH anvayAnupapattijanya lakSaNA kA Azraya anivArya hai| isa prakAra karaNa ke anvaya ko lekara nAgeza mImAMsakoM ke vidhivAkyoM kI vidhivat mImAMsA karate haiN| karaNatRtIyA para unakA vaktavya isI meM sImita hai| yadyapi karaNa kA mukhya sUtra eka hI hai tathApi 'pANini do anya sUtroM meM bhI karaNa-saMjJA kA AMzika vidhAna karate haiM / prathama sUtra meM karma tathA dUsare meM sampradAna karaNa ke sAtha vikalpita hai| dUsare kA nirUpaNa agale adhyAya meM hogaa| karmakAraka ke vikalpa kA sUtra hai-'divaH karma ca' ( pA0 su0 1 / 4 / 43 ) / div-dhAtu ( krIr3A) ke prayoga meM jo sAdhakatama kAraka hotA hai use karaNa aura karma donoM saMjJAe~ vikalpa se hotI haiM; jaise-akSAn dIvyati, akSardIvyati / isI vikalpa ke kAraNa 'manasA devaH' ( manasA dIvyati-karmaNyaN ) kI siddhi hotI hai| 'manasaH saMjJAyAm' (pA0 6 / 3 / 4) sUtra se karaNa-tRtIyA kA aluk hotA hai| isakA dUsarA phala hai-'akSardevayate yjnydtten'| isameM sakarmaka kriyA hone se aNyantAvasthA ke kartA ( yajJadatta ) ko NyantAvasthA meM karmasaMjJA nahIM huI / punaH 'aNAvakarmakAt' ( 1 / 3 / 88 ) se hone vAlA parasmaipada bhI nahIM huA, kyoMki karmavikalpa ke kAraNa yaha sakarmaka kriyA hai| yahA~ kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'akSAn dIvyati' meM paratva ke kAraNa tRtIyA vibhakti hI nyAyya hai / donoM saMjJAoM ke avakAza-sthala pRthaka-pRthak hai| karaNa kA avakAza hai-'devanA akSA:' ( ve pAse jinase khela ho ), jisameM karaNa meM lyuTa huA hai / dUsarI ora karma kA avakAza hai...'dIvyate akSAH' ( pAse khele jA rahe haiM ), yahA~ karmavAcya meM yaka aura Atmanepada huA hai| 'akSAn' meM to donoM saMjJAoM ke prayoga ke prasaMga meM 1. 'phale'pyanvaye yugapatphalAMzasya bhAvanAnirUpitaM karaNatvaM svakaraNanirUpitaM ceti vairUpyaM syAditi sA''vazyakItyanye' / -la0 ma0, pR0 1253 16.

Page #242
222 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana para-vibhakti hI honI caahie| yaha pUrvapakSa uThAkara dIkSita kahate haiM ki kAryakAla pakSa meM 'karmaNi dvitIyA' (pA0 2 / 3 / 2 ) se jisakI upasthiti hotI hai vaha anavakAza hai, ataH dvitIyA hogI hI / aba koI kahe ki 'dIvyante'kSAH' meM karma ke abhihita hone para bhI karaNatva ke anibhihita hone se karaNa meM tRtIyA ho jAya, athavA 'devanA akSAH' meM lyuTa ke dvArA karaNa kA abhidhAna hone para bhI karma anabhihita hone se dvitIyA ho jAya - to hama kaheMge ki yahA~ eka hI zakti donoM saMjJAoM ke upayukta ho sakatI hai / isa prakAra donoM sthitiyoM meM abhidhAna hI hai, anabhidhAna nahIM ( zabdakaustubha 2, pR0 126.27 ), nAgeza isa uttara kA pratyAkhyAna karate haiM ki eka hI zakti do-do saMjJAoM ke upayoga meM A sakatI hai| karmAdi pada karmatvAdi vividha zaktiyoM ke rUpa meM bodha karAte haiM, ataH donoM meM bheda karanA hI ucita hai / karaNa ke bheda karaNa kA vibhAjana pANinIyetara sampradAyoM meM huA hai, jo mukhyataH sAMkhyadarzana meM nirUpita karaNa kI kalpanA para Azrita hai / darzanoM meM karaNa indriyArthaka hai| vyAkaraNa meM usa karaNa-kalpanA kA itanA hI upayoga hai ki darzanazAstrokta sabhI karaNaantaHkaraNa, jJAnendriya tathA karmendriya-viSayopalabdhi ke prati sAdhakatama haiN| vahA~ karaNa kA nirvacana hai-kartA jisase puruSArtha kA sAdhana kre| jisa prakAra kartA chedanAdi puruSArthoM kA sampAdana dAtrAdi se karatA hai, usI prakAra vaha indriyoM kI sahAyatA se upalabdhi-rUpa puruSArtha kA sampAdana karatA hai.| isa prakAra dArzanika karaNa vyAkaraNa ke karaNa se bhinna nhiiN| (1) sAMkhya-darzana meM pahale do karaNa mAne gaye haiM - antaHkaraNa aura bAhyakaraNa * antaHkaraNa tIna haiM--buddhi, ahaMkAra tathA mana / bAhyakaraNa dasa haiM-pAMca jJAnendri " ( cakSu, zrotra, ghrANa, rasanA, tvacA ) tathA pA~ca karmendriyA~ ( vAk, pANi, pAda, pAyu, upastha )2 / inameM bAhyakaraNoM kA vyApAra kevala vartamAna kAla taka sImita hai, jaba ki anta karaNa yA Abhyantara karaNa tInoM kAloM meM vRtti rakhate haiM / vedAntiyoM ke mata meM cAra Abhyantara karaNa hote haiM, jaisA ki vedAntaparibhASA ( pR0 32 ) meM viSayoM ke sAtha unakA ullekha hai 1. 'ekava zaktiH saMjJAdvayopayoginIti tu cintyam / karmAdipadAnAM karmatvAditattacchaktirUpeNa bodhakatayA tayorbhedasyavaucityAditi maJjUSAyAM vistrH'|| -la0 za0 ze0, pR0 435 2. sAMkhyakArikA 26 / 3. vahIM, kArikA 33 'antaHkaraNaM trividhaM dazadhA bAhyaM trayasya viSayAkhyam / sAmpratakAlaM bAhyaM trikAlamAbhyantaraM karaNam' /

Page #243
karaNa-kAraka 223 'mano buddhirahaGkArazcittaM karaNamAntaram / saMzayo nizcayo garvaH smaraNaM viSayA amI' // ina viSayoM para eka daSTi DAlane se hI inakI traikAlika vRtti kA anumAna ho sakatA hai / sAMkhyoM kA uparyukta bheda karaNamAtra ko vyApta nahIM karatA, isakI maryAdA indriyoM yA viSayopalabdhi ke sAdhanoM taka hI hai / ataH hameM anya bheda karane hoNge| ( 2 ) bharatamallika apane kArakollAsa meM karaNa ke do bheda karate haiM -bAhya ( jo zarIra ke avayavoM se bhinna ho ) aura Abhyantara (jo zarIra meM samaveta ho)|' pahale ke udAharaNa meM 'cakreNa daityAMzciccheda samare madhusUdanaH' diyA gayA hai, jisameM cakra bAhya karaNa hai| dUsarI ora 'manasA kRSNapAdAbjaM sevyate sAdhunA sadA' meM mana Abhyantara karaNa hai| isa vibhAjana meM mukhya asaMgati hai ki isake anusAra hasta, pAda Adi bhI zarIra se samaveta hone ke kAraNa Abhyantara karaNa ho jAyeMge aura aisA kahanA aprasiddhi-doSa mAnA jAyagA / yaha vibhAjana mana, buddhi tathA hastapAdAdi meM koI bheda nahIM mAnatA / Abhyantara aura bAhya ke rUpa meM karaNa kA bheda karanA hI ho to dArzanika bheda hI mAnya hogaa| hA~, eka sujhAva ho sakatA hai ki pahale karaNa ke zArIra aura azArIra ye do bheda kara leM aura taba zArIra karaNa ke bAhya tathA Abhyantara bheda maaneN| __ sAMkhyoM ke anusAra bAhya tathA Abhyantara karaNa mAnakara bAhya ko punaH do bhedoM meM rakhA jA sakatA hai-kartRzarIrasambandha tathA tadbhinna / 'urasA gacchati, nakhena chinatti' ityAdi meM prathama koTi tathA dAtrAdi meM dvitIya koTi kA karaNa hogaa| 1. kArakollAsa, zloka 54 tathA Age /

Page #244
adhyAya : 7 sampradAna-kAraka vyutpatti sam tathA pra ina do upasargoM se yukta dA-dhAtu se lyuTa-pratyaya lagAkara sampradAnazabda kI niSpatti hotI hai / 'kRtyalyuTo bahulam' ( pA0 3 / 3 / 113 ) sUtra ke anusAra lyuTa apane nirdiSTa kSetra ( bhAva, karaNa tathA adhikaraNa-pA0 3 / 3 / 115, 117 ) se bhinna arthoM meM bhI hotA hai, ataH 'samyak pradIyate'smai' yaha nirvacana suvidhApUrvaka diyA jA sakatA hai / ataH sampradAnArthaka lyuTa yahA~ lagA hai / nirvacana ke anusAra jise koI vastu samyak rUpa se dI jAya vaha sampradAna hai| isameM sadA ke lie de denA yA apanA adhikAra vastuvizeSa se haTAkara ( svatva-nivRttipUrvaka ) dUsare vyakti kA adhikAra usa para sthApita karanA ( para-svatvApAdana ) sampradAna kI anivAryatA hai / isa artha meM kucha logoM ke dvArA sampradAna kI vivecanA hone para bhI yaha sarvasammata siddhAnta nahIM hai / kisI zabda kA vyutpattijanya artha sadA sthira rahe, yaha Avazyaka nahIM / ___ pANini-sUtra kA vizleSaNa pANini ne sampradAna-saMjJA ke lie kaI sUtra diye haiM, jinameM prathama sUtra ko sampradAya meM pradhAna tathA anya sUtroM ko gauNa sampradAna kA saMjJAsUtra mAnA gayA hai / prathama sUtra hai-'karmaNA yamabhipreti sa sampradAnam' (pA0 1 / 4 / 32 ) / isa sUtra kA saralArtha hai ki jisa padArtha yA vyakti ko kartA apane karma ke dvArA sambaddha karatA hai yA karanA cAhatA hai vaha sampradAna kAraka hai / pataMjali isa sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM-(1) karmaNA, ( 2 ) yaM saH tathA ( 3 ) abhi +pra ke prayoga kA prayojana batalAte haiN| (1.) yadi sUtra meM 'yamabhipreti sa sampradAnam' itanA hI aMza rahatA to kartA kA AkSepa karake artha karate ki jise kartA sambaddha karatA ho use sampradAna kahate haiM arthAt usake Ipsitatama ( karma ) ko bhI sampradAna kahane kA prasaMga upasthita ho jAtA / 'upAdhyAyAya gAM dadAti' meM upAdhyAya tathA gau donoM hI abhipreta haiM-karaNarUpa dAnakriyA ke dvArA gau abhipreta ( sambaddha ) hotI hai aura gau ke dvArA upAdhyAya abhipreta hote haiN| donoM sthitiyoM meM sampadAna-saMjJA kI siddhi ho jAtI hai, kintu vastusthiti aisI nahIM hai| yaha samAdhAna diyA jA sakatA hai ki paratva ke kAraNa gau ko karmasaMjJA hogI tathA parizeSa-vidhi se upAdhyAya ko hI sampradAna hogA' / kintu donoM meM abhipreyamANatA samAnarUpa se sambhava hone para bhI yaha sampradAna-saMjJA karmarUpa 1. 'tatra paratvAd goH karmasaMjJeti pArizeSyAdupAdhyAyasyaiva sampradAnasaMjJA bhaviSyatIti praznaH' / -kayaTa 2, pR0 256

Page #245
sampradAna kAraka 225 go ko hI adhika upayukta par3egI, kyoMki vaha antaraMga hai / go dAnakriyA se abhipreta hai, ata: usakA kriyA-sambandha antaraMga hai; jaba ki dAnakriyA se abhipreta gau se bhI abhipreta upAdhyAya hai, ataH dUra kA sambandha hone ke kAraNa upAdhyAya kA kriyAsambandha bahiraMga hai / aba yaha zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki taba to karmasaMjJA nirarthaka ho jAyagI jisakA kisI prakAra pANini ke vacana sAmarthya kA Azraya lekara, donoM saMjJAoM ko paryAya mAnakara samAdhAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / kAraka - prakaraNa meM sAmarthya se pratIta honevAle prakarSa-yoga kA Azraya nahIM liyA jAtA, kintu antaraMga - bahiraMga kA vyavahAra to calatA hI hai 2 / phalataH karma aura sampradAna kA paryAya honA anivArya ho jAyagA / vAstava meM sampradAna tathA karma ke ubhayaniSTha dharma kA vibheda 'karmaNA' isa sUtrastha pada ke dvArA ho jAtA hai ki sampradAnasaMjJA use hI hotI hai jo karaNarUpa karma se ( karmaNA ) sambaddha ho - gau-karma ke dvArA upAdhyAya hI abhipreyamANa hai, ataH use hI sampradAna-saMjJA hotI hai, gau ko nahIM / - 'karma ke dvArA sambaddha honA' sampradAna kA lakSaNa mAnane para bhI 'ajAnnayati grAmam ' ( bakaroM ko gA~va meM le jAtA hai ) isa udAharaNa meM grAma ko sampradAna nahIM hotA, yadyapi 'nayati' kriyA ke karmasvarUpa aja se vaha sambaddha hai / isakA kAraNa jAnane ke lie hameM pUrvamImAMsA ( 4 / 2 / 16-17 ) ke maitrAvaruNa - nyAya kI sahAyatA lenI par3egI / eka vaidika vidhi hai -- ' krIte some maitrAvaruNAya daNDaM prayacchati' / yahA~ dvitIyA ( karma ) tathA caturthI ( sampradAna ) eka hI vAkya meM vidyamAna haiM / prazna hotA hai ki inameM pradhAna kauna hai ? pUrvapakSI daNDa ( dvitIyA ) kI pradhAnatA batalAkara daNDa pradAna kI kriyA ko pratipattikarma ( zeSa yA guNIbhUta padArtha kA vihita sthala - vizeSa meM viniyoga karane vAlI kriyA ) kahate haiM, kyoMki dIkSita vyakti ke dvArA hAtha meM dhAraNa kiye jAne meM daNDa kI kRtArthatA hai aura dvitIyA vibhakti se usI kI pradhAnatA mAlUma hotI hai, dAna kI nahIM / isalie maitrAvaruNa ( eka purohita- vizeSa ) ke hAtha meM hI daNDa kA prakSepa karanA cAhie / kintu uttarapakSI yahA~ dvitIyA kI vyAkhyA 'tathAyuktaM cAnIpsitam ' kA Azraya lekara karate haiM, jisase yaha daNDa pradhAna yA Ipsitatama kA bodhaka nahIM rahatA / dUsarI ora sampradAna caturthI kA maitrAvaruNa kI pradhAnatA tathA daNDa pradAna kI gauNatA siddha hotI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM dvitIyA caturthI kI apekSA durbalatara hai, kyoMki artha sAmarthya arthAt kartRsaMyoga kI dRSTi se caturthI meM sthita artha pradhAna hai / phalasvarUpa daNDapradAna arthaMkarma ( maitrAvaruNa kA saMskAraka ) hai / daNDapradAna yadi arthakarma ho to caturthI ( sampradAna ) pradhAna ho jAtI hai, kintu pratipattikarma kI dRSTi meM yaha apradhAna hotI 1. 'dAnakriyAbhipretagavopAdhyAyo'bhipreta iti tasya kriyAsambandho bahiraGgaH / - udyota 2, pR0 256 2. kaiyaTa 2, pR0 256 /

Page #246
226 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana hai / yahI nyAya prastuta udAharaNa meM bhI upAdeya hai| 'yamabhipreti' meM yam ke dvArA uddezyatva ke rUpa meM zeSitva pratIta hotA hai aura 'karmaNA' ke dvArA go Adi zeSa ke rUpa meM pratIta hote haiN| zeSa kA artha hai-dUsare ke uddezya se pravRtta honevAlA guNIbhUta padArtha / yahA~ para ( sampradAna kI vyAkhyA meM ) kisI ke uddezya se honevAlI icchA ke viSaya ko hI zeSa kahate haiM 2 / 'brAhmaNAya gAM dadAti' meM ukta kAraNa se gau zeSa hai| tathA uddezya rUpa brAhmaNa shessii| grAma ke prati ajA ko zeSa nahIM kahA jA sakatA aura na ajA ke prati grAma hI zeSI hai, ataH sampradAna kI prApti yahA~ nahIM hai / isa vivecana kA phalitArtha hai ki uddezya zeSI, aMgI arthAt pradhAna hotA hai, zeSa nahIM / go-dAna brAhmaNa kA saMskAraka hai, arthakarma hai; kintu ajAnayana grAma kA saMskAraka nahIM / yadi devAt aisA mAna hI leM to bhI paratva ke kAraNa grAma meM karmasaMjJA mAna kara nirvAha kara leN| (2) yadi sUtra meM 'yam' 'saH' chor3a deM tathA 'karmaNAbhipraiti sampradAnam' itanA hI aMza rahe to sambaddha karane vAle athavA usake icchuka kartA ko hI sampradAna mAnane kA prasaMga upasthita ho jAyagA, kyoMki karma ke dvArA kartA hI kisI ko abhipreta karatA hai / yadyapi 'yam' tathA 'saH' kA adhyAhAra karake bhI sUtra ke ucita artha para pahu~cA jA sakatA hai, tathApi adhyAhAra kA vizeSa niyama hai; yadRcchA se yaha nahIM hotA / jaba zrUyamANa padoM ke arthoM ke pArasparika sambandha se AkAMkSA kA zamana nahIM hotA aura anupapatti raha jAtI ho tabhI pada-vizeSa kA adhyAhAra kiyA jAtA hai| prakRta sthala meM 'yam"saH' ke na rahane para bhI zrayamANa padoM ke arthoM ke sambandha se hI vAkya nirAkAMkSa ho jAtA hai, ataH adhyAhAra kI AvazyakatA nahIM raha jAtI, pratyuta vahI anupapanna ho jAyagA / ataeva kartA meM sampradAna kA atiprasaMga rokanA hI ina sarvanAmoM ke prayoga kA phala hai| ( 3 ) 'abhipreti' meM abhi+pra+ eti ye tIna pada haiM / inameM 'anuvyacalat' ke samAna samAsa nahIM huA hai, kyoMki 'kugatiprAdayaH' ( pA0 2 / 2 / 18 ) ke antargata jo vArtika aise sthaloM meM samAsa kA vidhAna karatA hai ( udAttagatimatA ca tiGA ) usakA 1. tulanIya-vai0 bhU0 sA0 kI kAzikA-TIkA, pR0 389 tathA Mimamsa : The Vakyashastra of Ancient India, cbap. xi, para 12 & 15. 2. 'taduddezyakecchAviSayatvaM ca zeSatvamityeva pUrvatantra nirUpitam' / -vai0 bhU0 sA0, pR0 389 3. draSTavya (jai0 sU0 3 / 1 / 2 )-'zeSaH parArthatvAt' / zabara:- 'yaH parasyopakAre vartate sa shessH| 4. "zrutapadArthasambandhenaiva nirAkAGkSatve'dhyAhArAnupapattiriti bhAvaH' / -yaTa 2, pR0 256

Page #247
sampradAna-kAraka 227 adhikAra kevala vaidika bhASA meM hai, saMskRta meM nahIM' / 'saha supA' (2 / 1 / 4 ) kI vyAkhyA meM isa viSaya para dIkSita kahate haiM ki tiGanta kA samAsa kevala veda meM hotA hai, kyoMki 'anuvyacalat' ityAdi udAharaNoM meM, jahA~ samAsa hone ke kAraNa prAtipadika ho jAne se saMskRta-bhASA meM sup-pratyayoM kI prApti anivArya ho jAtI hai, chAndasa vyatyaya kA Azraya lekara hI sup ke lopa kA samarthana kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadi aisA nahIM kareMge to 'paryabhUSayat' jaise halanta udAharaNoM meM su-pratyaya kA ( kyoMki sAmAnyarUpa se ekavacana kA su-pratyaya hI samAsoM ke bAda lagAyA jAtA hai) lopa hama 'halyAbbhyo dIrghAt.' ( pA0 6 / 1 / 68 ) ke dvArA bhale hI kara sakate haiM, kintu 'yatprakaroti' ityAdi meM lopa kA koI kAraNa nahIM hogA, 'su' ko zrUyamANa hI rahanA hogaa| hA~, eka upAya hai / samAsa ko napuMsaka liMga mAnakara 'svamornapuMsakAt' ( pA0 7 / 1 / 23 ) se su kA lopa kareM, kintu napuMsakaliMga kA Azraya lene se 'yatprakurute' ityAdi meM 'hrasvo napuMsake prAtipadikasya' ( pA0 1 / 2 / 47 ) se hrasva kI prasakti kA bhI bhaya hai| yahI nahIM, 'yatprakurvIran' meM to 'nalopaH prAtipadikAntasya' ( 8 / 2 / 7 ) ke dvArA na ke lopa kA prasaMga hogA / isalie dIkSita ke anusAra 'prabhavati' ityAdi kAvyagata prayogoM meM upasarga pRthak pada hai, samAsa kA avayava nhiiN| ata: 'abhipreti' meM bhI pRthak pada haiN| pataJjali isameM 'abhi' tathA 'pra' ina do upasargoM kI anivAryatA siddha karate haiM / inake abhAva meM 'karmaNA yameti sa sampradAnam' mAtra rahane se kevala vartamAna kAla ke udAharaNa hI diye jA sakate haiM, sannihita padArtha meM hI sampradAna-saMjJA ho sakatI thI- 'upAdhyAyAya gAM dadAti' / 'eti' kriyA vartamAna kA bodha karAtI hai / isameM ukta upasargoM kA upAdAna hone para hI kAla-viSayaka sImA samApta ho jAtI hai, ataH atIta evaM bhaviSyat kAloM meM bhI sampradAna-saMjJA ho sakatI hai / dhyAtavya hai ki vacana kI avivakSA hone para bhI usakA bodha ho hI jAtA hai, jisase 'viprebhyo gAH dadAti' meM sampradAna kI vyavasthA hotI hai / 'abhi kA artha Abhimukhya ( uddezya ) hai, jisase bhaviSyat kA bodha hotA hai aura 'pra' ArambhArthaka hai / ataeva jisa padArtha ko karma ke dvArA bhUta, vartamAna yA bhaviSyat kAla meM bhI sambaddha karane kA uddezya sUcita ho, vaha sampradAna hai| kriyAsambandha se sampradAna kAtyAyana pANini ke isa sUtra meM kriyA ke grahaNa kA prastAva karate haiM ki karma ke atirikta kriyA se bhI sambadhyamAna padArtha ko sampradAna kI saMjJA dI jAya / spaSTataH 1. draSTavya-za0 ko0 2, pR0 120 / 2. za0 kau0 2, pR0 160 tathA tattvabodhinI, pR0 440 / 3. 'tena yaM cAbhipreti, yaM ca.. Syati, yaM cAbhiprAgAd-AbhimukhyamAne sarvatra siddhaM bhavati' ( bhASya 2, pR0 256 ) / ( udyota )-'karmaNA karaNabhUtena kriyArambhe pamuddizatItyarthaH / sa boddezaH sarvatrAstIti bhAvaH' /

Page #248
228 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana yahAM akarmaka kriyA se hI kAtyAyana kA abhiprAya hai, kyoMki sakarmaka kriyA kI sthiti meM sampradAna ko karma ke hI dvArA sambaddha kiyA jA sakatA hai taba yaha vAtika nirarthaka ho jAtA' / isalie isa vArtika meM akarmaka kriyA ke hI udAharaNa diye gaye haiMzrAddhAya nigarhate ( zrAddha ko lakSita karake nindA karatA hai ), yuddhAya sannahyate ( yuddha ke uddezya se sajjita hotA hai ), patye zete (pati ke nikaTa jAkara sotI hai)2 / jahA~ sakarmaka kriyA kA prayoga ho kintu karma zrUyamANa nahIM ho vahA~ gamyamAna karma ke AdhAra para pANini-sUtra se hI sampradAna-saMjJA kI vyavasthA ho sakatI hai; jaise---tasmai (kathA) kathayati / vikalpataH sakarmaka kriyA ko akarmaka mAnakara bhI prastuta vArtika se kAma liyA jA sakatA hai| yaha dUsarA vikalpa isalie liyA gayA hai ki aneka vaiyAkaraNa sUtrastha 'karmaNA' zabda meM kevala dAnakriyA ke karma kA grahaNa karate haiM, anya kriyAoM ke nhiiN| pataJjali isa vArtika kA pratyAkhyAna karate hue isakA prayojana sUtra dvArA gatArtha mAnate haiN| laukika prayoga meM kriyA kA artha karma hI hotA hai, kyoMki 'kAM kriyAM kariSyati' kA artha hotA hai ---'ki karma kariSyati' / kintu karma aura kriyA ko paryAya mAnanA hI paryApta nahIM hai / zAstrIya karma ( kRtrima ) tathA kriyArthaka laukika (akRtrima ) karma donoM kI upasthiti hone para zAstrIya karma kA hI grahaNa kiyA jAyagA ( kRtrimAkRtrimayoH kRtrime kAryasampratyayo bhavati ) / ataH jaba taka ukta kriyA-bodhaka karma ko kRtrima siddha nahIM kiyA jAtA, hamArA uddezya siddha nahIM hogaa| pataJjali kahate haiM ki kriyA bhI kRtrima karma hI hai, kyoMki karma ke rUpa meM kriyA kA prayoga sabhI vaiyAkaraNoM ko abhISTa nhiiN| kRtrima karma kI upapatti tabhI hotI hai jaba zAstrAntara meM yA loka meM use vaisA prayukta na kareM, kevala zAstra-vizeSa meM hI yaha prayukta ho| 'karturIpsitatamaM karma ke anusAra honevAlA karma hI kRtrima hai| yadi kisI prakAra karma aura kriyA kI paryAyarUpatA siddha bhI kara deM to ukta karmalakSaNa vAle sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM asaMgati hogii| usI kriyA ke dvArA ( kriyayA ) vahI kriyA ( karma ) kaise Ipsita ho sakatI hai ? kAla tathA rUpa ke bheda se koI padArtha vibhinna kArakoM kI zakti le sakatA hai, kintu eka samaya meM vahI kriyA karma tathA karaNa donoM kArakoM meM nahIM ho sktii| Apa-dhAtu se bodhya kriyA kA karaNa to kriyA hai hI, yadi kriyA vahAM karma bhI ho jAya taba to asaMgati kI koI sImA hI nhiiN| kintu bhASyakAra asaMgati meM bhI saMgati siddha karate haiM ki kriyA ke dvArA bhI kriyA Ipsitatama ( ApyamAna ) ho sakatI hai; yadi saMdarzana, prArthanA aura adhyavasAya 1 tulanIya ( la0 za0 ze0, pR0 441)--- 'nanu karmaNetyuktAvakarmaka kriyoddezyasya sampradAnatvaM na syAdata Aha-kriyayeti / karmarahitakriyayetyarthaH' / 2. tulanIya ( helArAja 3 / 7 / 130 )-- "iha zrAddhAya nigarhate, yuddhAya sannahyate, patye zete ityakarmakadhAtuviSaye karmaNo'bhAvAt tenAbhipreyamANasya sampradAnatA na sidhyatIti 'kriyAgrahaNamapi kartavyam' iti vaartike'bhihitm"|

Page #249
sampradAna-kAraka 229 kriyAoM kI pratIti ho / hotA yaha hai ki dUradarzI vyakti kisI padArtha kI apane mana meM kalpanA karatA hai ( saMdarzana ), taba tadviSayaka icchA usake mana meM uThatI hai (prArthanA) aura anta meM nizcaya hotA hai ki kAryArambha ho ( adhyavasAya ) / tadanusAra prayAsa hotA hai aura eka samaya kArya kI samApti bhI ho jAtI hai / anta meM phala milatA hai / jaba taka sandarzana, prArthanA aura adhyavasAya nahIM hote taba taka koI bhI vyakti koI kArya karake usakA phala nahIM pA sakatA / ataeva sabhI kriyAoM ko prApta karane kI icchA kartA meM rahatI hI hai / dUsare zabdoM meM-kriyA bhI kartA kA Ipsitatama hai aura isIlie kRtrima karma ke rUpa meM siddha hotI hai, kyoMki 'Ipsitatama' kI kaThinAI dUra kI jA sakatI hai ( bhASya 2, pR0 257 ) / karma tathA sampradAna : bhedAbheda-vivakSA isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jahA~ sampradAna abhISTa ho vahA~ sandarzanAdi tathA mukhya kriyA ke bIca bheda vivakSita rahatA hai / isIlie una pratIyamAna kriyAoM ke dvArA ApyamAna athavA Ipsita kriyA ko kRtrima kahane meM koI Apatti nahIM aura usa kriyA ke dvArA sambadhyamAna padArtha ko sampradAna kahate haiN| 'patye zete' ityAdi udAharaNoM meM yahI bAta huI hai / dUsarI ora, sampradAna kI vivakSA nahIM hone se ukta bheda-vivakSA bhI nahIM hotii| phalasvarUpa utpatti, viklitti ityAdi kisI eka phala kI nizcita sImA ke antargata ekIbhUta kriyA se jo padArtha vyApta hotA hai vaha karma hai; jaise-odanaM pacati, kaTaM karoti / ataeva kriyA se sambaddha kiye jAne para bhI odana, kaTa Adi zabdoM meM sampradAnatva nahIM hai, anyathA 'kriyayA yamabhipreti0' isa vArtika se yahAM bhI usakI prApti thii| gatyarthaka dhAtuoM me bheda aura abheda donoM kI vivakSA hotI hai / bheda-vivakSA hone para 'grAmAya gacchati' aura abheda-vivakSA kI dazA meM 'grAmaM gacchati' prayoga hotA hai / isI AdhAra para bhASyakAra ne 'gatyarthakarmaNi dvitIyAcatuthyo ceSTAyAmanadhvani' (pA0 sU0 2 / 3 / 12 ) kA pratyAkhyAna kiyA hai ki dvitIyA to karma meM siddha hotI hai aura caturthI sampradAna meM, kyoMki 'grAmAya gacchati' meM gamana-kriyA ke dvArA kartA grAma ko sambaddha karatA hai / isa bheda-vivakSA para bhartahari kI ukti upajIvyAtmaka sandarbha ke rUpa meM sarvatra grAhya rahI hai--- 1. 'bhASyamate tu yatra sampradAnatvamiSTaM tatra sandarzanAdInAM kriyAyAzca bhedo vivakSyate / tatazca terApyamAnA kriyApi kRtrimaM karmeti siddham / tayAbhipreyamANasya sampradAnatvam' / -za0 ko0 2, pR0 121 2. vhiiN| 3. draSTavya ( kaiyaTa 2, pR0 496 )-'tatra yadA gamanasya sandarzanAdInAM ca bhedo vivakSyate tadA sandarzanAdibhiH kriyAbhirApyamAnatvAt karmaNA gamanenAbhipreyamANasya sampradAnatvAccaturthI bhavati' /

Page #250
230 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana 'bhedasya ca vivakSAyAM pUrvA pUrva kriyAM prati / parasyAGgasya karmatvAnna kriyAgrahaNaM kRtam // -vA0 pa0 37 / 131 jaba pradhAna kriyA se sandarzanAdi kriyAeM ( jo vyakti kI pravRtti meM anivArya hone ke kAraNa sannihita pratIta hotI haiM ) bhinna rUpa meM vivakSita hotI haiM, taba pratyeka pUrvavartI kriyA ke prati usakA uttaravartI aMga karma ho jAtA hai aura 'karma ke dvArA abhipreyamANa' hI to sampradAna hai| isIlie 'kriyA ke dvArA abhipreyamANa' kA pRthak upanyAsa nahIM karake bhASyakAra ne use sUtra ke antargata hI rakhA hai| mAna leM ki pradhAna kriyA 'gacchati' hai, isake aMga haiM-saMdarzana, prArthanA tathA adhyavasAya / saMdarzanakriyA ke dvArA prArthanA-kriyA ApyamAna ( Ipsitatama ) hai, prArthanA ke dvArA adhyavasAya / ina tInoM se hI pradhAna-kriyA ( gamana ) ApyamAna hai| dUsare zabdoM meMprArthanA, adhyavasAya tathA sampUrNa gamana-kriyA karma hai| aba aise karma se sambadhyamAna padArtha ko saralatA se sampradAna kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai (helArAja 2, pR0 335) / aisI sthiti meM yaha zaMkA kI jA sakatI hai ki 'odanaM pacati' meM bhI tathAkathita kriyAkarma ( kRtrima karma ke rUpa meM svIkRta kriyA ) se abhipreyamANa padArtha arthAt odana ko sampradAnasaMjJA dI jA sakatI hai jo asaMgata hai| isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki kriyAkarma ke rahane para bhI odana ko karmasaMjJA dene meM bAdhA nahIM hogI, yadi abhedavivakSA ho 'kriyANAM samudAye tu yadakatvaM vivakSitam / tadA karma kriyAyogAt svAkhyayavopacaryate' // -vA0pa0 37 / 132 jaba sandarzanAdi avAntara kriyAoM kA samudAya paraspara aGgAGgibhAva se vidyamAna nahIM ho, samAna koTi meM hI sabhI kI sthiti ho, jisase samuccaya' hokara eka hI phala utpanna karane ke kAraNa sabhI ko pradhAna kriyA aGgIkAra kara le, taba bhedabodhaka kriyA-kArakabhAva kI pratIti nahIM hotI / phalataH aisI kriyA karmabhAva nahIM prApta karatI aura aisI sthiti meM ( pacati Adi ) kriyA se sambaddha honevAlA ( odanAdi ) padArtha apanI mUla AkhyA ( arthAt kriyA ke dvArA Ipsitatama hone se karmasaMjJA ) ke dvArA hI vyavahRta hotA hai, sampradAna-saMjJA ke dvArA nahIM ( helArAja 3, pR0 336 ) / abheda-vivakSA vAle isa pakSa meM samuccaya ke dvArA abhidhAna hotA hai, isIlie avAntara kriyAoM meM aMga aura aMgI kA sambandha nahIM rahatA / pradhAna kriyA tathA inake bIca abheda kA bodha hotA hai, ataeva kriyA karma ke rUpa meM nahIM hotii| ___ aba yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki abheda-vivakSA meM to karma-saMjJA yahAM huI; kintu yadi koI bheda-vivakSA kare to kyA 'odana' ko sampradAna bhI ho sakatA hai ? uttara hai ki nahIM; vivakSA niyata hotI hai, yAdRcchika nahIM 1. 'yatra parasparanirapekSANAmanekeSAmekasmin kriyAdAnvayaH sa samuccayaH' / -nyAyakoza, pR0 974

Page #251
231 'bhedAbhedavivakSA ca svabhAvena vyavasthitA / tasmAt gatyarthakarmatve vyabhicAro na dRzyate // - vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 133 prasiddha laukika prayogoM ke samarthana ke lie vyAkaraNazAstra upAya kI parikalpanA karatA hai / ataeva ina prayogoM ko dekhate hue yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki bheda aura abheda kI vivakSA niyata hai / 'patye zete' meM kevala bheda kI vivakSA hai to 'odanaM pacati' meM kevala abheda kii| yadi 'odanAya pacati' prayoga hotA to hama vivakSA ko yAdRcchika mAna sakate the, kintu aisA hotA nhiiN| ataH laukika prayoga kA AdhAra lene se vivakSA bhI niyata-viSaya yA asArvatrika mAnI jAtI hai| isIlie gatyarthaka dhAtuoM ke sAtha ubhayavidha prayoga ( karma tathA sampradAna meM ) dekhakara ( grAmaM grAmAya vA gacchati ) bheda aura abheda donoM kI vaikalpika vivakSA mAnane meM ukta niyama kA ( ki vivakSA niyataviSaya hai ) ullaMghana nahIM hotaa| pataJjali ke prAmANya para isa samasta mAnyatA kI puSTi bhartRhari ko abhISTa hai __ 'vikalpenaiva sarvatra saMjJe syAtAmme yadi / ArambheNa na yogasya pratyAkhyAnaM samaM bhavet // -vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 134 yadi sarvatra vikalpa se hI donoM saMjJAe~ ( karma tathA sampradAna ) huA karatIM, to bhASyakAra 'gatyarthakarmaNi' (2 / 3 / 12 ) sUtra ko Arambha karake isake sAtha hI usakA pratyAkhyAna nahIM karate, kyoMki isameM atiprasaMga hotaa| bhalA avAMchita padArtha kA nirarthaka vistAra karane se kyA lAbha hai ? kintu bhASyakAra ke mana meM vivakSA kA niyama vyakta karane kA uddezya thaa| isalie Arambha tathA pratyAkhyAna meM koI antara na mAnate hue hI ve isakA khaMDana karate haiM, jo yuktisaMgata hai| phalataH uparyukta prakAra se prayogoM meM bheda aura abheda kI niyata vivakSA hotI hai| ceSTA kA bodha nahIM hone para yA adhvavAcaka zabda rahane para jo kevala dvitIyA hotI hai vaha bhI abheda-vivakSA ke hI antargata hai--'manasA pATaliputraM gacchati, adhvAnaM gacchati' / yahI sthiti 'striyaM gacchati', 'ajAM nayati' ityAdi udAharaNoM kI hai, jo asamprApta karma ke rUpa meM gatyartha karma kI vyAkhyA karane se samarthita hote haiM / isake anusAra gatyarthaka dhAtuoM ke karma kA artha hai ki jo gamana-kriyA ke dvArA abhI taka samprApta nahIM huA hai kintu samprApta hogA / strI tathA ajA samprApta karma haiM, kyoMki inheM kartA pahale hI prApta kara cukA hai / ceSTA hone para bhI isIlie yahA~ caturthI kI prApti nahIM hotii| samprApta tathA asamprApta karmoM kA vibhAjana vAstava meM karma tathA sampradAna kA eka mahattvapUrNa vyAvartaka tattva hai| isakI pratIti hameM tathAkathita vaikalpika udAharaNoM meM bhI hotI hai / tadanusAra 'gAmaM gacchati' meM gati ke sAtha lakSya kI samprApti kA bhI artha rahatA 1. 'asamprAptaM yadvastu gamanena samprepsyate tasmin krmnniityrthH'| -pradIpa ( kaiyaTa ), pR0 496

Page #252
232 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana hai, jaba ki 'grAmAya gacchati' meM grAma ke uddezya se hone vAlI gamana-kriyA mAtra kA bodha hotA hai| __ 'adhvAnaM gacchati' meM bhI adhva samprApta karma hai, jisase dvitIyA kI prApti hotI hai / vastutaH vyakti mArga para pahale se hI prApta hai, ataH ise zuddha rUpa meM karma hI kahA jAyagA / dUsarI ora, yadi mArga pahale se samprApta nahIM ho aura usake uddezya se koI yAtrA kara rahA ho to 'adhvane gacchati' avazya hogaa| isa para kAtyAyana kA vArtika bhI hai-'AsthitapratiSedhazca' ( saM0 1421 ) / adhvavAcaka zabda kA bodha hone para sAmAnyatayA caturthI kA niSedha hotA hai, kintu yaha tabhI hogA jaba mArga pahale se hI AkrAnta yA prApta ho / jaba unmArga se mArga para jAnA abhISTa ho taba 'utpathena pathe gacchati' yA 'adhvane gacchati' yahI rUpa hotA hai / pataJjali isa para bala dete haiN| isa prasaMga meM bhartRhari dvArA bhI isakA samarthana draSTavya hai 'tyAgarUpaM prahAtavye prApye saMsargadarzanam / AsthitaM karma yattatra dvarUpyaM bhajate kriyaa|| -vA0pa0 317135 jisa mArga para cala rahe haiM vaha Asthita hai / gamanakriyA ke sambandha se vaha karma hai arthAt Asthita karma hai| aise mArga se sambaddha honevAlI gamana-kriyA ke do rUpa hote haiM / atikramaNa ke yogya ( hAtavya ) mArga ke viSaya meM kriyA kA rUpa tyAgAtmaka hotA hai, kintu jo bhAga abhI atikrAnta nahIM huA hai, AsAdya ( prApya ) hI hai, usake viSaya meM kriyA kA rUpa saMsargAtmaka hotA hai| isa tyAgarUpa aura grahaNa rUpa kA avicchinna pravAha gamana-kriyA meM calatA rahatA hai| donoM rUpa gamana-kriyA se abhinnatayA sambaddha rahate haiM aura isase AkrAnta ( Asthita ) 'adhva' karmasaMjJA kA hI viSaya rahatA hai| kriyA ke bheda ke abhAva meM, uparyukta abheda-vivakSA kI vidhi se, yaha 'adhva' karmabhUta kriyA se sambaddha nahIM hotA aura sampradAna-saMjJA kA viSaya nahIM bana sakatA hai| isalie 'adhvAnaM gacchati' prayoga hotA hai / 'grAma' Adi ke sAtha dUsarI bAta hai; vaha adhva ke rUpa meM nahIM hai ki adhvagamana kI prakriyA usa para lAgU ho / ' hAM, yaha bAta avazya hai ki jahAM mArga anAsthita ho vahA~ avazya hI donoM vibhaktiyAM prApta hotI haiN| yaha tabhI hotA hai jaba eka hI patha para gamana kA bodha nahIM houtpatha se patha para jA rahA ho| aisI sthiti meM tyAga aura grahaNa ina do rUpo kA pArthakya spaSTa rahatA hai, kriyA ekarUpa nahIM hotii| utpatha kA tyAga aura patha kA grahaNa-kriyA ke ye hI do rUpa yahAM pratIta hote haiM / eka hI mArga para calane kI taraha donoM rUpoM kA avicchinna pravAha pratIta nahIM hotaa| 1. "yo satpathena panthAnaM gacchati, 'pathe gacchati' ityeva tatra bhavitavyam" / ( udyota )- 'evakAro bhinnakramaH / iti tatra bhavitavyamevetyarthaH' / -bhASya 2, pR0 495 2. draSTavya-helArAja 3, pR0 337-38 /

Page #253
sampradAna-kAraka 233 karma aura sampradAna ke isa vinimaya-vivecana se sambaddha hI eka vArtika hai'karmaNaH karaNasaMjJA sampradAnasya ca karmasaMjJA' (saM0 1096 ) / isameM karma ko karaNasaMjJA tathA sampradAna ko karmasaMjJA hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai; yathA- 'pazuM rudrAya dadAti' ke artha meM 'pazunA rudraM yajate' ( rudra-devatA kA uddezya se pazu kA tyAga karatA hai ) / agni meM pazu kA prakSepa hotA hai jise rudra ke uddezya se diyA jAtA hai| yahAM yajana-kriyA pUjArthaka nahIM hai, dAnArthaka hai / kaiyaTa isIlie isa vArtika ko chandoviSayaka mAnate haiM, kyoMki loka meM to ukta kriyA pUjA ke artha meM hotI hai jisase pazu kAraNa ke hI rUpa meM siddha hai| vaidika udAharaNa hone ke kAraNa bhaTTojidIkSita ise sup kA vyatyaya mAnakara khaNDanIya kahate haiM ( za0 ko0 2, pR0 121) / dAnakriyA tathA sampradAna : anvarthasaMjJakatA pANinitantra meM sampradAna kI anvarthasaMjJakatA para do spaSTa mata haiN| eka ora pataJjali kI mAnyatA hai ki sampradAna mahAsaMjJA hone para bhI anvartha-saMjJA nhiiN| dUsarI ora bhartRhari, jayAditya, bhaTTojidIkSitAdi ise anvarthasaMjJA mAnate haiM / kevala dAnArthaka kriyA se sambaddha mAnane se hI sampradAna kI anvarthatA hotI hai| pratyuta samyag rUpa se pradAna karanA isameM, nihita hai / dAna ke antargata svatvanivRtti aura parasvatvApAdana---ye do kriyAe~ haiN| jaba taka ye donoM kriyAe~ nahIM hotI tabataka samyak pradAna nahIM kahA jA sakatA / tantrAntara meM AcAryoM ne pUjA, anugraha tathA kAmyA ko dAna ke kAraNoM meM liyA hai| puruSottama deva ke anusAra bhAva ko zuddha rakhate hue guru, devatA yA brAhmaNa kA sammAna jo dhyAna, praNAma tathA dAna ke dvArA kiyA jAya use 'pUjA' kahate haiM / kurUpa, pramatta, dhanahIna yA dayanIya ko, ghRNA kA pradarzana kiye binA, jo dAna aura sammAna se pUrNa kiyA jAtA hai vaha 'anugraha' hai| isI prakAra kucha phala ke uddezya se dAna, yajJa, japa Adi jo kAyika karma kiye jAte haiM, ve manISiyoM ke dvArA 'kAmyA' ke adhIna svIkRta kiye gaye haiM / ___ yadyapi pataJjali mukhyavRtti se anvarthasaMjJakatA kA nirAsana nahIM karate; tathApi unake dvArA isa mata ke grahaNa ke pakSa meM ye yuktiyAM ho sakatI haiM-(ka) 'kriyAgrahaNa' vAle vArtika kA khaNDana karane ke kAraNa yaha pratIta hotA hai ki pataJjali sampradAna ke grahaNa meM samyak pradAna to dUra rahA, dAnamAtra ke hI grahaNa meM udAsIna haiM / ve to sakarmaka-akarmaka sabhI kriyAoM kA grahaNa sUtra meM hI kara lenA cAhate haiM, kevala dAna-kriyA kA nhiiN| spaSTa hai ki sampradAna dAna-kriyA taka hI sImita nahIM hai| ( kha ) 'gatyarthakarmaNi' (pA0 2 / 3 / 12) kI vyAkhyA meM, gatyarthaka dhAtuoM ke 1. pUjAnugrahakAmyAbhiH svadravyasya parArpaNam / dAnaM, tasyArpaNasthAnaM sampradAnaM prakIrtitam // -rAmatakaMvAgIza, mugdhabodha-TIkA ( sU0 294 ) / 2. puruSottama, kArakacakra, pR0 109 /

Page #254
234 saMskRta-gyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana sAtha bhI sampradAna hotA hai, isakI puSTi ve karate haiM / ( ga ) aba samyak pradAna kI bAta leM / bhASyakAra ke kucha prayoga isakA bhI avasara samApta kara dete haiM; yathA-'na zUdrAya matiM dadyAt, khaNDikopAdhyAyaH ziSyAya capeTAM dadAti' / ina donoM udAharaNoM ko samyak pradAna ke nikaSa para rakheM to sthiti spaSTa ho jAtI hai| apane svAmitva kA tyAga karake dUsare ko use dene kA artha kisI meM nhiiN|' bhartahari tathA helArAja ke anusAra sampradAna meM samyak pradAna kA artha nihita rahane se yaha anvartha saMjJA hai; yadyapi kriyA-grahaNa vAle vArtika ko bhI vAkyapadIya meM kArikAbaddha kiyA gayA hai| kintu ise bhASyakAra kI vyAkhyAmAtra se prayojana hai, unake samarthana se nhiiN| helArAja to spaSTa kahate haiM- 'anvarthatvAtsampradAnazabdasya tyAgAGgamiti lakSaNalAbhaH' (pR0 331) / bhartRhari kA sampradAna-lakSaNa hai-'tyAgAGgaM karmaNepsitama' / diye jAne vAle padArtha kI svatvanivRtti karake usa para dUsare kA svatva ApAdita karanA tyAga kahalAtA hai / isa tyAga kA aMga arthAt nimitta sampradAna hai| kintu kevala itanA kahane se hAtha Adi ko bhI sampradAna ho jA sakatA hai, isalie vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM 'karmaNA Ipsitam' bhI kahA gayA hai| jo karma tyAga kA viSaya hai usake dvArA kartA jise prApta karanA cAhe vaha sampradAna hai| yaha vastutaH pANinI-sUtra kA hI prakArAntara se kathana hai, kintu pANini ke 'karmaNA' zabda ne vibhinna kriyAoM ke karma ke rUpa meM ise vyAkhyAta karane kA avakAza rakha chor3A hai, jaba ki bhartahari ise 'tyAgakarmaNA' yA 'dAnakarmaNA' ke rUpa meM sImita kara dete haiN| yahI artha kAzikA meM jayAditya ko tathA dIkSita ko bhI apane granthoM meM svIkArya hai| sampradAna ke bheda sampradAna kA lakSaNa nirUpita karane vAlI kArikA meM bhartahari yaha bhI dikhalAte haiM ki tyAga ke ukta nimitta kina rUpoM meM sampradAna-kAraka kA rUpa dhAraNa karate haiM __ 'anirAkaraNAtkartustyAgAnaM karmaNepsitam / preraNAnumatibhyAM ca labhate sampradAnatAm // -vA0pa0 37 / 131 arthAt tyAga kA nimitta padArtha jise kartA apane karma ke dvArA prApta karane kI icchA kare, sampradAna-kAraka kahalAtA hai aura yadi vaha nimitta kartA ke dvArA kiye gaye ukta tyAga kA-(1) nirAkaraNa nahIM kare, (2) usakI preraNA de yA ( 3 ) use vaisA karane kI anumati de-ye tInoM kAraNa sampradAna ke bheda ke AdhAra haiM / (1) anirAkaraNa-jaba padArtha grahaNa karanevAlA ( sampradAna ) diye gaye dravya kA nirAkaraNa ( tiraskAra ) nahIM karatA, taba sampradAna-vyApAra hotA hai| yathAupAdhyAyAya gAM dadAti / tyAgA jAnevAlA karma ( go ) upAdhyAya se sambaddha hotA hai, kyoMki unhIM ke abhiprAya yA uddezya se vastu kA tyAga ho rahA hai| ye upAdhyAya 1. kaiyaTa 2, pR0 257 /

Page #255
235 apane se sambaddha honevAle karma kA tiraskAra nahIM karate aura na hI ve usakA tyAga karane vAle vyakti ko 'dAna mata karo' aisA kahate haiM / yadi nirAkaraNa karate to tyAga sampanna nahIM hotA / nirAkaraNa hone para parasvatvApAdana nahIM hotA aura manA karane para svatvanivRtti nahIM hotI / helArAja anumati ko bhI isI meM antarbhUta karate haiM / isIlie unake anusAra upAdhyAya kI anumati bhI isa sampradAna- vyApAra meM upalabdha hotI hai / sampradAna kAraka kintu helArAja kI yaha vyAkhyA - vidhi bhrAmaka hai / spaSTataH hari ne tIna pRthak kAraNa rakhe haiM, jinheM helArAja - ( 1 ) anirAkaraNa - saha - anumati tathA ( 2 ) preraNA ke dvaividhya meM svIkRta kara pRthak dizA meM agrasara hote haiM / isakA saMzodhana kArakacakra, zabda kaustubha, bhUSaNAdi granthoM meM huA hai / inake anusAra anirAkartR sampradAna vaha hai jo na dAna kI prArthanA ( yAcanA ) kare, na anumati de aura na isa kriyA kA nirAkaraNa kare jaise - sUryAyAyaM dadAti / nirjIva, mUka tathA amUrta sampradAna isI bheda meM liye jA sakate haiM / ( 2 ) preraNA - jaba kartA ko dAna kI preraNA sampradAna se mile yA yAcanApUrvaka dAna- kriyA kA pravartana ho ? taba bhI tyAga meM sahAyaka hone ke kAraNa tyAga kA nimitta sampradAna kAraka hotA hai, jaise- 'viprAya gAM dadAti' / yahA~ pratIti hotI hai ki vipra godAna ke lie apane yajamAna ko prerita karatA hai / isI prakAra 'bhikSave bhikSAM dadAti' meM yAcanA ke kAraNa tyAga sampanna hotA hai / isa sampradAna ko 'preraka' kahate haiM / (3) anumati - jaba kartA ke dvArA kiye gaye tyAga kI preraNA nahIM ho, kintu tyAga ke pazcAt sampradAna use svIkAra kara le aura yaha bhI kahe ki acchA kiyA, taba ukta tyAga kA sampAdana anumati se jAnA jAtA hai / yathA - viprAya gAM dadAti / anumati ke dvArA tyAga sampanna hone para sampradAna ko 'anumantR ' kahate haiM / diye gaye padArtha ko svIkAra kara lene para anumati tathA asvIkAra nahIM karane para anirAkaraNa samajhA jAtA hai / isa prakAra donoM ko ekarUpa samajhane kA bhrama hotA hai / kintu dUsare dRSTikoNa se vicAra karane para donoM meM bheda kA prakAzana hotA hai / anumati meM bhAvarUpa svIkRti hotI hai, yaha tyAga ke pUrva hI nirdhArita hotI hai / dUsarI ora anirAkaraNa kI pratIti svatvanivRtti yA tyAga ke pazcAt hotI hai tathA vaha niSedha rUpa kriyA hai / anirAkaraNa tathA parasvatvApAdana meM virodha kI kalpanA nahIM karanI cAhie / yaha nizcita hai ki donoM svatvanivRtti ke bAda hI sambhava hai / parasvatvApAdana meM tabhI 1. 'nAtra sUryaH prArthayate, na vAnumanyate, na ca nirAkaroti' / - za0 kau0 2, pR0 122 2. ' yAcJApUrvake ca dAne preraNamabhyarthanayA dAne pravartanamapi sampradAnavyApAraH / - helArAja 3, pR0 332

Page #256
236 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana bAdhA ho sakatI hai jaba dUsare pakSa ( sUrya, devatAdi ) se nirAkaraNa yA asvIkAra ho / tathApi anirAkartR sampradAna svarUpataH avyAkhyeya hone se naiyAyikoM ke nimittakAraNa ke samAna' parizeSa-vidhi se samajhA jA sakatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki anya sampradAnoM ke viSaya meM mitabhASI ( udAharaNa se hI saMtuSTa ) rahane para bhI anirAkarta sampradAna kA udAharaNa dekara parizeSa-vidhi kI sampUrNa aupacArikatAoM kA nirvAha karane meM paravartI AcArya pIche nahIM rahate / sampradAna meM dAna-kriyA kA mahattva eka dUsare prasaMga meM bhI siddha ho sakatA hai| helArAja yaha pUrvapakSa uThAte haiM ki jaba dAnakriyA sampradAna kI siddhi ke lie prastuta kI jAtI hai taba 'tAdarthya caturthI' (pA0 2 / 3 / 13 kA vArtika ) se hI kAma kyoM nahIM liyA jAya ? vyartha sampradAna-saMjJA kI kalpanA karake vistAra kyoM kiyA jAya ? tAdarthya se bhale hI zAstrataH prakRti-vikRti-bhAva athavA kArya-kAraNa-bhAva pratIta hotA ho,2 kintu usake sAmAnya artha ko lekara aisI zaMkA kI jA sakatI hai| jo gAya upAdhyAya ko dI jAtI hai vaha upAdhyAya ke lie hI hotI hai-ataH tAdarthya meM isakA antarbhAva sambhava hai / kintu yaha zaMkA yathArtha nahIM hai, kyoMki dAnakriyA aura sampradAna meM tAdarthyasambandha viparIta dizA meM hai / dAna kriyA kI niSpatti ke lie sampradAna hai, usa kriyA meM sAdhanarUpa hone se hI yaha kAraka hai| aisI bAta nahIM ki dAnakriyA sampradAna ke uddezya se pravRtta hotI hai / sampradAna ke lie to vastutaH diyA gayA karma hI vidyamAna rahatA hai / isa prakAra vAkyArtha ke rUpa meM prayukta dAnakriyA aura tAdarthya meM bheda hai, ekarUpatA nahIM / samAnatA tabhI sambhava thI jaba dAnakriyA sampradAna ke lie hotI jo asaMgata hai| yadyapi pataMjali bhI tAdarthya se sampradAna kI rakSA karate haiM kintu unakI yukti pradhAna sampradAna se sambaddha nahIM hai / ve ruci-Adi ke artha meM honevAlI sampradAna-saMjJA kI rakSA ke lie usameM tathA tAdarthya meM bheda karate haiN| kintu sampradAna-saMjJA kA vidhAna eka dUsare kAraNa se bhI Avazyaka hai / 'dAzagono sampradAne' (pA0 3 / 4 / 73 ) sUtra meM ukta saMjJA-zabda kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai jo pradhAna sampradAna se hI sambaddha hai| 'dAzanti tasmai iti dAzaH, AgatAya tasmai dAtuM gAM ghnanti iti 1. 'nimittakAraNaM taducyate yanna samavAyikAraNaM nApyasamavAyikAraNam / atha ca kaarnnm'| -tarkabhASA, pR0 39 2. 'tadarthasya bhAvastAdarthyamiti kAryakAraNasambandha uccate, samAsakRttaddhiteSu bhAvapratyayena sambandhAbhidhAnamiti vacanAt' / - kaiyaTa 2, pR0 497 3. 'yo hyapAdhyAyAya gordIyate, upAdhyAyArthaH sa bhavati / tatra tAdarthya ityeva siddhm| --bhASya 2, pR0 498 4. tulanIya-( helArAja 3, pR0 332) 'dAnakriyArthaM hi sampradAnam, na tu dAnakriyA tadarthA, kArakANAM kriyaarthtvaat|| 5. 'avazyaM sampradAnagrahaNaM kartavyam / yAnyena lakSaNena sampradAnasaMjJA tadartham - chAtrAya rucitam / chAtrAya svditmiti'| -bhASya 2, pR0 498

Page #257
sampradAna-kAraka 237 goghno'tithiH'- yahA~ dAza aura goghna donoM hI sampradAna haiM, jisameM inakA nipAtana huA hai| yahI nahIM, yaha nipAtana dAnArthaka sampradAna meM hI huA hai| yadi sampradAna kA kArya tAdarthya se hI sampanna hotA to isa sUtra meM usI kA ullekha karanA adhika saMgata hotaa| yahA~ pataJjali jo apradhAna sampradAna ke lie saMjJAgrahaNa mAnate haiM. vaha vastutaH tAdarthya kA vyApaka artha lene ke kAraNa hai| ina paMktiyoM kI vyAkhyA meM nAgeza bhI helArAja kA samarthana karate haiM ki dAna kA karma ( gavAdi ) to sampradAnArthaka hai, tathApi dAnakriyA sampradAnArthaka nahIM hotI isalie caturthI vibhaktivAle zabda ke artha kA anvaya dAna-kriyA se nahIM ho sakegA - isI ke lie sampradAnasaMjJA kA vidhAna hai ( udyota, vahIM ) / udAharaNArtha gAya upAdhyAya ke lie hai kintu dAnakriyA to vaisI nahIM hai / taba dAnakriyA se upAdhyAya kA anvaya kaise ho? isakA samAdhAna sampradAna-saMjJA se hotA hai jo tatsampradAnaka dAna ke rUpa meM anvaya karA detI hai| ___ isa prakAra isa mata meM dAnakriyA kI hI niSpatti meM sampradAna hotA hai aura yaha kriyA svatvanivRtti ke sAtha parasvatvApAdana ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai| yahA~ eka AzaMkA hotI hai ki yaha parasvatvApAdana apane svatva ke rahate hI hotA hai yA usake samApta ho jAne para ? yadi apane svatva ke rahate hI hotA hai to do vyaktiyoM ke svatvoM kI yugapat sthiti asambhava hone ke kAraNa asaMgati hogii| dUsarI ora, yadi apane svatva kI nivRtti ho jAne para koI dUsare ko usakA svatva samarpita kare to yaha bhI asambhava hai / jisa vastu ko vaha chor3a cukA hai usa para usakA adhikAra hI kahAM hai ki vaha dUsare ko samarpita kara sake / ___ yaha AzaMkA vastuta: dAna kA ekAMgI artha grahaNa karane se hI utpanna hotI hai| 'dadAti' kriyA kA ucita artha hai apane svatva ke tyAga se Arambha karake parasvatva ke AdhAna-paryanta eka kriyA-samUha / pUrvArdha kAraNa hai, uttarArdha kArya / donoM kA saMyukta prayoga 'dAna' kahalAtA hai / kevala svatva kA parityAga athavA kevala parasvatvApAdana dAna nahIM hai| donoM ke bIca antarAla par3ane se ukta doSa ko avasara mila jAtA hai| sAmudAyika artha lene para donoM ke bIca vyavadhAna nahIM hotA, jisase dAna kA prayojana siddha hotA hai| kucha saMzayAtmaka udAharaNa aba hama sampradAna ke katipaya saMzayAtmaka udAharaNoM ko dAna kI isa kasauTI para kaseM 1. 'svasvatve vidyamAne hi parasvatvaM na vidyate / parityajya pradAnaM cedIdAsInyAnna sidhyati' / --puruSottama, kArakacakra, pR0 110 17saM.

Page #258
238 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana ( 1 ) rajakAya vastraM dadAti - rajaka ko pralAkSanArthaM vastra pradAna kiyA jAtA hai / isa pradAna meM svatvanivRtti-pUrvaka parasvatvApAdana kA bodha nahIM rahane se vidhivat tyAga kI aupacArikatA kA nirvAha nahIM hotA, ataH rajaka sampradAna nahIM ho sakatA / ataH ukta prayoga ko asAdhu mAnate hue prAyaH sabhI AcArya yahA~ ' dadAti' kA gauNa prayoga svIkAra karate haiM / helArAja kA kathana hai ki tyAga aisA ho jisameM tyAga karane vAlA vyakti usa dravya se apanI mamatA samApta kara de tathA sampradAna usakA upayoga svecchA se kara sake / aisI bAta yahA~ nahIM hai / isalie sambandha - sAmAnya se yahA~ SaSThI vibhakti hI ucita hai - ' rajakasya vastraM dadAti' / yahI bAta 'ghnataH pRSThaM dadAti' ( mArane vAle vyakti kI ora pITha kara detA hai ) meM bhI hai (helArAja 3, pR0 332) / kintu bhASyakAra ke mata meM rajaka sampradAna ho sakatA hai, kyoMki unake anusAra sampradAna anvarthasaMjJA nahIM / ataH dAnakriyA ke karma ke dvArA abhisambaddha karane meM svatvanivRtti koI anivArya tattva nahIM hai / 'rajakAya' bilkula zuddha prayoga hai / nAgeza yahA~ 'dadAti' kA artha ' adhInIkaraNa' ( kucha samaya ke lie malanAzArthaM pradAna karanA ) mAnakara aise prayoga meM koI Apatti nahIM dekhate ' / ' rajakasya vastraM dadAti' kA prayoga zeSa- SaSThI se samarthanIya hai / yaha nahIM ki rajaka ke sampradAnatva para kisI prakAra kI Apatti hai / rajaka ke sampradAnatva ke viSaya meM pataJjali tathA nAgeza kI sahamati vizeSa dhyAna kA viSaya hai / ( 2 ) na zUdrAya matiM dadyAt - isa prayoga meM bhI dAnakriyA kI mukhyArthatA evaM gauNArthatA ke prazna para matabheda hai| helArAja kA vicAra hai ki mati-santAna ( buddhi 1 1 rAzi kA apakramaNa ( pArthakya ) hone se buddhi kA upayoga dUsare vyakti ke lie nirvivAda rUpa se siddha hai / jJAna-pradAna karane kI kriyA meM jJAna denevAle vyakti deya jJAna para se apanI mamatA kA AvaraNa pRthak karake sampradAna ko usa jJAna ke upayoga kA pUrA adhikAra de detA hai / isIlie to pArthakya kA bodha dhArA pravAha ke rUpa meM hone se 'upAdhyAyAdAgamayati' jaise prayogoM meM apAdAna -saMjJA kI siddhi hotI hai / isameM upAdhyAya apAdAna hai tathA buddhisamUha kA ekadeza AMzika rUpa se parityakta hotA hai / phalataH svatvanivRtti - kriyA ke aMga ke rUpa meM parasvatvApAdana-kriyA ( upAttaviSaya apAdAna kA rUpa ) kA bodha hone se 'dadAti' kI aupacArikatA pUrI ho jAtI hai aura yaha kriyA mukhyArtha meM hI rahatI hai / zUdra kI ( niSedhamUlaka ) sampradAnatA meM isalie koI asaMgati nahIM hai kyoMki svatvanivRtti tathA parasvatvApAdana kA sammilita arthabodha hotA hai / dUsare logoM kA kathana hai ki yahA~ dAtR sambandha kA niyamataH jJAna nahIM hotA kyoMki jJAnadAtA apane se sarvathA sambandha viccheda nahIM kara letA / isalie ve loga ' dadAti' kA gauNaprayoga mAnate haiM ( helArAja, vahIM ) / 1. iSTavya pa0 la0 ma0, jyotsnA, pR0 181 /

Page #259
sampradAna- kAraka 239 ( 3 ) varAya kanyAM dadAti - kanyA kA pitA jaba usake vivAha ke samaya kanyAdAna karatA hai, taba usameM bhI dAnakriyA kI aupacArikatA pUrI ho jAtI hai tathA isalie dAna kA mukhya artha hI liyA jAtA hai, gauNa nahIM / yadyapi isameM pitA tathA putrI ke madhya janya-janaka-sambandha nahIM TUTatA, kintu unameM svasvAmibhAva kI nivRtti to ho hI jAtI hai aura yaha sambandha vara-kanyA ke bIca sthApita ho jAtA hai ( helArAja, vahIM ) / sArasvatakAra yahA~ kanyA ke gotra tathA jJAtitva ke sadyaH parivartana ke kAraNa pitA kI svatvanivRtti mAnate haiM / isalie vara kI sampradAnatA eka tathya hai / ( 4 ) pradIyatAM dAzarathAya maithilI ( vA0 rAmAyaNa, yu09|21 ) - yahA~ rAvaNa kA sItA para koI vaidha adhikAra nahIM hai ki vaha rAma ko dAna ke rUpa meM unheM samarpita kare / isase yaha kalpanA ho sakatI hai ki dAna ke nimitta kartA ko vAstavika adhikAra nahIM rahane para bhI dAna-kriyA kI siddhi ho sakatI hai, yadi svatvanivRtti aura parasvatvApAdana kI uparyukta aupacArikatA kA nirvAha hotA ho / kintu vaiyAkaraNoM ke sampradAya meM yaha asahya hai / isIlie kAtantraTIkA meM suSeNa kavirAja vivakSA - zAstra kA Azraya lekara isakA samarthana karate haiM / rAvaNa ko vaidha adhikAra vastutaH nahIM rahane para bhI vaktA ko vaisA kahane kI icchA hai 2 / vAstava meM vaktA kahanA cAhatA hai ki sItA rAma ko zraddhApUrvaka lauTA dI jAya / viva'kSA ke adhIna svatva ke anya udAharaNa bhI rAmAyaNa meM haiM 'dhanAni ratnAni vibhUSaNAni vAsAMsi divyAni maNIMzca citrAn / sItAM ca rAmAya nivedya devIM vasema rAjanniha vItazokAH ' // - vA0 rA0 yu0 15 / 14 prazna hai ki 'dAna' kA mukhyArtha yahA~ hai yA nahIM ? vyavahAra meM hama dekhate haiM ki curAI huI vastu para apahartA kA niyaMtraNa tathA adhikAra bhI rahatA hai / ataH rAvaNa kA sItA para taba taka ke lie to adhikAra hai - aisA mAna leM / kintu dharmazAstra ke anusAra jisa padArtha ko usake svAmI ne becA nahIM ho ( curAyA gayA yA nyAsa ke rUpa meM rakhA huA padArtha ho ) vaha apane pUrvasvAmI ke pAsa calA jAtA hai ( ' dravyamasvAmivikrItaM pUrvasvAminamApnuyAt ' ) / kucha loga yahA~ 'asvAmI' kA artha ayogya yA 'avaidha svAmI' lete haiM jisase 'pUrva' zabda kA vizeSaNatva surakSita rahe / tadanusAra avaidha svAmI yadi use beca bhI de to bhI vaha pUrvasvAmI ( mUlasvAmI ) kA hI rahatA hai, cora ke dvArA becA huA padArthaM mUlasvAmI ko dilAyA jAtA hai / pariNAmataH 1. vivAha ke paryAya ke rUpa meM bhI isIlie sampradAna- zabda kA prayoga huA hai; yathA - 'sampradAnasamaye'rthahArikA ( dArikA ) ' / - ai0 brA0 33 / 1 / 5 sAyaNa 0 - 2. 'rAvaNasya maithilyAM svatvAbhAve'pi svatvavivakSayA prayogasya sAdhutvam' / - vyA0 da0 iti0 pR0 302 para uddhRta

Page #260
240 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana rAvaNa ko avaidha svAmI hone ke kAraNa sItA ko na becane kA adhikAra hai na pradAna kA / pradAna gauNa artha meM hI hai tathA rAvaNa kA svatva vivakSita hai, vAstavika nhiiN| (5) khaNDikopAdhyAyaH ziSyAya capeTAM dadAti-bhASya ke isa prayoga meM helArAja dAna kA mukhyArtha mAnate haiM / vAstava meM yahA~ capeTA ( thappar3a ) para svAmitva kI vAstavika sattA pratIta nahIM hotI, kintu ziSya kA upakAra karane kA uddezya vidyamAna rahane se capeTA mArane vAle guru meM usakA svAmitva kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM uddiSTa hI hai / capeTA ziSya meM tatkAla to pratikUla vedanA utpanna karatI hai ( duHkhada hai ), ataH usakA tAtkAlika upayoga to ziSya ke lie nahIM hai, kintu vidyAbhyAsa meM tallInatA-rUpa dUravartI phala ke dvArA capeTA kA paropayoga niHsandigdha hai| capeTA sahane para hI zAstrAbhyAsa kI yogyatA yA pravRtti milatI hai| ataH yahA~ bhI svatvanivRtti aura parasvatvApAdana ke rUpa meM dAna kA artha suvyavasthita hai / navyanyAya meM sampradAna-vivecana : uddezyatva pANini ke dvArA 'abhipraiti' ke prayoga se navyanyAya tathA tatprabhAvika granthoM meM sampradAna kA artha uddezyatva mAnA gayA hai / kintu uddezyamAtra ko sampradAna nahIM kahA jA sakatA, isalie kauNDabhaTTa uddezyavizeSa ko sampradAna kahate haiM / isa vizeSa kA nirvacana bhavAnanda ke zabdoM meM isa prakAra hai-'takriyAkAraNIbhUta-karmajanyaphalabhAgitvena uddezyatvaM sampradAnatvam' / tadanusAra kisI kriyA ke ( dAnAdi ke ) kAraNa ke rUpa meM jo gavAdi karma ho usase utpanna hone vAle phala kA adhikArI rahate hue jo uddezya ho vahI sampradAna hai / yahI uddezya kI viziSTatA hai| isa lakSaNa meM sthita 'takriyAkAraNIbhUta' vizeSaNa 'caitro grAmaM gacchati' jaise udAharaNoM meM caitrAdi ke sam nitva kA vAraNa karatA hai| yahA~ gamana-kriyA ke karma ( grAma ) se utpanna honevAle 2, vAdi phaloM ke adhikArI ( upabhoktA ) ke rUpa meM caitra uddezya to hai, kintu grAma gamana-kriyA kA kAraNa nahIM ho sktaa| gamana ke ekadeza saMyoga kA vaha kAraNa ho sakatA hai, gamanamAtra kA nhiiN| jahA~ karma kriyA kA kAraNIbhUta nahIM ho vahA~ sampradAna nahIM ho sktaa| 'viprAya gAM dadAti', 'vRkSebhyo jalaM siJcati' ityAdi udAharaNoM meM lakSaNa kA samanvaya pUrNataH ho jAtA hai kyoMki dAna, sekAdi kriyAoM kA kAraNa go, jalAdi karma hai / isa karma se utpanna phala ke adhikArI ke rUpa meM bipra, vRkSAdi uddezya haiM, ataH sampradAna haiM / 1. gurupada hAldAra, vyA0 da0 iti0, pR0 302 / 2. helArAja 3, pR0 333 / 3. 'uddezyaH sampradAnacaturthyarthaH' / -vai0 bhU0, pR0 112 4. 'grAmaM gacchatItyatra gamanakarmajanyaphalabhAgitvenoddezyasya caitrAdau sattvAt, caitrAdestakriyAyAM sampradAnatvAbhAvAt tadvAraNAya kaarnniibhuuteti'| -kArakacakra, pR0 55-6

Page #261
sampradAna kAraka 241 yadi isa lakSaNa meM 'karma' pada kA niveza nahIM ho to karma ko hI sampradAnasaMjJA hone lage; jaise - odanaM pacati / yahA~ pAka-kriyA-rUpa kAraNa se utpanna viklitti phala ke adhikArI ke rUpa meM odana hI uddezya hai, ataH use sampradAna kahate, kinta pAkakriyA ke kAraNarUpa 'karma' se utpanna phala kA vaha adhikArI nhiiN| bhASyakAra bhI 'karmaNA' ke padakRtya meM aisI hI bAta kaha cuke haiM / icchAviSayatva gadAdhara isa lakSaNa ko Age bar3hAte hue 'kartA ke abhipreta athavA icchAviSaya' ke rUpa meM sampradAna kA nirvacana karate haiN| unake anusAra sampradAna mukhya tathA gauNa donoM prakAra se hotA hai, kyoMki dAnakriyA kahIM to apane mukhyArtha ( tyAga ) meM rahatI hai, kintu kahIM-kahIM usa rUpa meM nahIM bhI rhtii| isake atirikta dAnetara kriyAoM meM bhI, pANini ke dUsare sUtroM se sampradAna kI prApti hotI hai jo gauNa sampradAna kahalAtA hai| ina donoM hI sthitiyoM meM, kriyA ke karma ke sambandhI ke rUpa meM jo kartA ko abhipreta ho vahI sampradAna hai / 'brAhmaNAya gAM dadAti' meM dAnakriyA ke karma ( gau ) kA sambandhI brAhmaNa hai| gau ko brAhmaNa se sambaddha kara denA kartA ko abhISTa hai, ataeva vaha sampradAna hai| kriyAjanya phala ke Azraya ko kriyAkarma kahate haiM / yahA~ phala svatva ke rUpa meM hai ataH svatvazAlitva gau meM hai, vaha svatva kA Azraya hai| dAna kriyA se yahI svatvarUpa phala utpanna hotA hai| yahA~ kucha logoM kI zaMkA hai ki dAna to eka prakAra kA tyAga hai, ataH vaha ( dAna-kriyA ) sva-svatvadhvaMsamAtra kA hI vaidharUpa meM janaka ho sakatA hai, parasvatvaparyanta kA nhiiN| parasvatva kA janaka to nyAyataH pratigrahItA ke dvArA kiye gaye padArtha-svIkAra ko kaha sakate haiN| phalataH dAnakriyA se janya phala jo milegA vaha svatvadhvaMsa hI hogA, parasvatvApAdana nhiiN| kintu yaha zaMkA nitAnta nirmUla hai, kyoMki brAhmaNa ke lie jo gau parityakta hotI hai usameM 'yaha gau brAhmaNa kI hai, merI nahIM' yaha jo sArvajanIna pratIti hotI hai, vahI isakA pratyAkhyAna karane meM samartha hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki videzastha pAtra ke uddezya se jo dhana nikAlA jAtA hai use pAtra svIkAra kare yA nahIM ( pAtra ko usa tyAga kA patA bhI na ho )-pAtra ke marane para, pitRdAya ke rUpa meM, use usake vaMzadhara le lete haiM / yadi aisA nahIM hotA to putrAdi ke samAna hI udAsIna vyakti bhI usa dhana para araNyakuzAdi ke samAna apanA adhikAra dikhalAne lagate / aba tathAvidha karmatva se yukta padArtha ke sAtha sambandha hotA hai arthAt karmatvayukta padArtha meM avasthita phala kA bhAgitva mila jAtA hai| dAna-kriyA se utpanna svatva-phala kA Azraya gau hai, isameM kriyAkarmatva hai| isa kriyAkarmatva se yukta padArtha ( gau ) kA 1. 'sampradAnatvaM ca mukhyabhA, mAdhAraNaM kriyAkarmasambandhitayA karbabhipretatvam' / ----vyu0 vA0, pR0 236 2. draSTavya-vyu0 vA0, pR0 237 ( prakApATIkA ) /

Page #262
242 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM phArakatattvAnuzIlana sambandha brAhmaNa se karAyA jAtA hai| tadanusAra brAhmaNa gau meM avasthita uparyukta svatvaphala kA bhAgI hogaa| sIdhe zabdoM meM kaheM ki brAhmaNa gau ko svadhana ke rUpa meM samajhane lgaa| yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki brAhmaNa ke lie padArtha ko svIkAra karanA sampradAna hone ke lie anivArya hai / punaH sampradAna ke bhedoM meM 'anirAkartR' bhI hotA hai, jo isa svIkAra-vidhi se sarvathA aspRSTa rahatA hai / gadAdhara ke kahane kA abhiprAya itanA hI hai ki kriyAjanya phala ke adhikArI ke rUpa meM ( bhale hI pAtra ko apane isa adhikAra kA patA nahIM ho ) kartA kA jo icchA-viSaya hotA hai vaha sampradAna hai| ukta udAharaNa kA zAbdabodha gadAdhara apane nyAyamata se karAte haiM'tyAgarUpa-kriyAjanya-goniSTha-svatvabhAgitayA dAturicchAviSayo braahmnnH'| yaha zAbdabodha uparyukta lakSaNa ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue diyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra kevala 'uddezyatva' kaha dene se kAma nahIM calatA, usI prakAra 'icchAviSayatva' bhI apane-Apa meM sampradAnatva ko lakSita karane meM asamartha hai| karma tathA sampradAna kA bheda nirUpita karate samaya gadAdhara ise spaSTa karate haiM / phala ke Azraya ke rUpa meM jo icchAviSaya ho vaha karma hai; phala ke sambandhI ke rUpa meM icchAviSaya hone vAlA sampradAna hai / brAhmaNa cUMki tyAgajanya svatva ( phala ) ke Azraya ke rUpa meM dAnakartA kA icchAviSaya nahIM hai, ataH vaha karma nahIM / brAhmaNa svatva ke nirUpaka ke rUpa meM hI dAtA ko iSTa hai 2 / isa prakAra icchAviSayatva kI vizeSatA dekhI jA sakatI hai| AzrayatA karma kA niyamana karatI hai aura sambandha sampradAna kA niyAmaka hai| ___ yaha zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki AzrayatA bhI to eka prakAra kA sambandha hI hai / aisI sthiti meM tyAgaphala kA Azraya ( gau ) bhI saralatA se sampradAna bana sakatA hai, jo saMgata nahIM / yadi yaha kaheM ki AzrayatA ke rUpa meM jahA~ para kahanA abhISTa hotA hai vahA~ karmasaMjJA ke dvArA sampradAna-saMjJA bAdhita hotI hai tathA sampradAna kA nirUpaka sambandha isa AzrayatA se bhinna hotA hai; taba to 'vRkSAyodakamAsiJcati, patye zete' ityAdi udAharaNoM meM-( 1 ) seka se utpanna jalasaMyoga ( phala ), ( 2 ) zayana se utpanna prIti ( phala )-ityAdi ke Azraya ke rUpa meM jo vRkSa, pati prabhRti padArtha hai unheM sampradAna nahIM ho sakegA, kyoMki Apa AzrayatA se bhinna sambandha ko sampradAna kA niyAmaka mAna rahe haiM / isa zaMkA ke samAdhAnArtha gadAdhara kahate haiM ki sampradAna meM phalAzrayatva ( jo karma-kAraka kA niyAmaka hai ) se bhinna phala-sambandha to rahatA hai 1. 'tathA ca kriyAjanyaphalabhAgitayA karturicchAviSayatvam' / -vyu0 vA0, vahIM 2. 'phalAzrayatayeSTatvameva hi karmatvam / phalasambandhitayeSTatvaM sampradAnatvam / brAhmaNAdizca na tyAgajanyasvatvAzrayatayA dAturiSTa:, apitu tannirUpakatayaivAto na tasya krmtaa'| -vyu0 vA0, pR0 238

Page #263
sampradAna-kAraka 243 kintu phalAzrayatva sarvasAdhAraNa dRSTikoNa kA nahIM hai, kyoMki yahA~ phala ko dhAtvartha ke rUpa meM (dhAtvarthatAvacchedaka ) grahaNa karanA caahie| __dA-dhAtu kA artha hai-svatvajanaka tyaag| isakA avacchedaka phala saMyoga ke rUpa meM hai| 'vRkSAyodakaM siJcati, patye zete' ityAdi prayogoM meM jo dhAtvartha ke anavacchedaka ( dhAtvartha-bhinna ) phala ke bhAgI ke rUpa meM sampradAna-bhAva dekhate haiM vahA~ uddezyatva ko bhI sAtha lenA Avazyaka hai / dUsare zabdoM meM- jaba taka vRkSa aura pati uddezya ke rUpa meM vidyamAna na hoM taba taka anya sthitiyoM ke rahane para bhI sampradAnatva svIkArya nhiiN| kisI dUsare uddezya se jala pheMkA jAya aura usakA saMyoga daivAt vRkSa se ho jAya athavA dUsare uddezya se kisI kI patnI zayana kare tathA daivAt pati ko phalasambandha prApta ho jAya to uparyukta prayoga asaMgata hoNge| phalataH svatvabhAgitva ke rUpa meM uddezyatva anivArya hai| nAgeza dvArA sampradAnatva-nirvacana nAgeza apanI laghumaMjUSA ( pR0 1261 ) meM caturthyartha kA vizleSaNa karate hue naiyAyikoM kI uktiyoM kA saMkSepa karate haiM-prakRta dhAtvartha ke karma ke sambandha se utpanna hone vAlA phala, jo gau ke lAbha se milanevAlA sukhAdi hai, usake bhAgI (prAptikartA ) ke rUpa meM jo icchAviSaya hai vahI sampradAna hai| pUrvapakSa kA Azaya hai ki karmatva kriyA se nirUpita hotA hai, isalie prakRta kriyA ke karma ke dvArA, ukta karma ke sambandhajanya phalabhAgI ke rUpa meM kartA jise sambaddha karatA hai, icchAviSaya banAtA hai, vaha sampradAna hai| gau kI prApti hone se brAhmaNa ko milane vAlA sukhAdi vaha phala hai jo karma ke sambandha se utpanna hotA hai / yaha phala padoM ke sahoccAraNa tathA tAtparya se vizeSarUpeNa bhAsita hotA hai| isake anusAra karma ke sambandha se utpanna phala ke bhAgI ke rUpa meM uddezya ko caturthI vibhakti kA artha mAnA jAtA hai, kintu nAgeza ke mata se yaha artha na to sUtra kA svarasa ( vAcyArtha) hai aura na hI isa prakAra kA zAbdabodha hotA hai| 'viprAya gAM dadAti' meM zAbdabodha kA vAstavika rUpa yaha hai- 'viprAbhinna-sampra. dAnaniSThodezyatA-nirUpakaM dAnam' (la0 ma0, pR0 1262) / apane meM ( sampradAna meM) vartamAna uddezyatA kA nirUpaka honA hI sambandha hai| bodha do prakAra kA ho sakatA hai-'sampradAnaviprIya' yA 'viprasampradAnaka' ke rUpa meN| kucha logoM ne icchAviSayatva aura uddezyatva ko samAnArthaka samajhane kI bhUla kI hai, kintu aisI bAta nahIM hai / 'devo rUpavAn' isa vAkya meM deva uddezya hai, rUpavAn vidheya-donoM kA isI rUpa meM anvaya hotA hai| deva meM uddezyatva kI pratIti to ho 1. 'dhAtvarthatAvacchedaka-phalAzrayatvabhinna-phalasambandhasya sampradAnatvazarIre nivezena saamnyjsyaat'| -vyu0 vA0, pRSTha 238 2. la0 ma0 kI kalA-TIkA meM ise bhUSaNakArAdi kI ukti kahA gayA hai|

Page #264
244 saMskRta - vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana rahI hai kintu icchAviSayatva kI nahIM, kyoMki deva kisI kI icchA kA viSaya nahIM hai / ataeva uddezyAdipadoM kA zakyatAvacchedaka uddezyatva pRthak padArtha hai / yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki kahIM-kahIM icchAviSayatva ke samAnAdhikaraNa padArtha ke rUpa meM isakA prayoga huA hai| isase yaha artha nahIM nikalatA ki donoM eka hI haiM / uddezya aura icchAvipaya meM spaSTa bheda nirUpaNa ko dRSTi meM rakhakara hI nAgeza uddezya ko sampradAna caturthI kA artha batalAte haiM / unake mata meM kriyAmAtra ke karma se sambandha banAne ke lie jo kAraka kriyA meM uddezya ho vahI sampradAna hai ( 'kriyAmAtrakarmasambandhAya kriyAyAmuddezyaM yatkArakaM tattvaM sampradAnatvam' - paramalaghumaMjUSA, pR0 180 ) / viprAya gAM dadAti' meM dAnakriyA ke karmarUpa gau ke sAtha sambandha banAne ke kAraNa vipra usa kriyA kA uddezya hai / tadanusAra gau aura vipra ke bIca svasvAmibhAva sambandha hai / isI prakAra 'caitro maitrAya vArtAH kathayati' meM maMtra aura vArtA ke bIca jJeya-jJAtR-bhAva sambandha hai / AnuSaMgika rUpa se yaha jJAtavya hai ki nAgeza bhI bhASyakAra ke isa mata ke samarthaka hai ki sabhI kriyAoM meM sampradAna kAraka ho sakatA hai, kevala dAnakriyA meM hI nahIM / isIlie to ' tadAcakSvAsurendrAya sa ca yuktaM karotu yat ' ( durgAsaptazatI, 5 / 129 ) isa prayoga meM 'asurendra' meM sampradAna-caturthI hai / sakarmaka ke samAna akarmaka kriyA kA uddezya bhI sampradAna ho sakatA hai; yathApatye zete / isameM phala tathA vyApAra kI samAna vRttivAlI zayana-kriyA kA uddezya pati hai, ataH use sampradAna kaheMge / bodha hotA hai - 'patyuddezyakaM nAyikAkartRkaM zayanam / laghumaMjUSA isa prazna para kucha adhika vistAra se vicAra karatI hai / jaise 'piNDIm ' kahane se isameM gamyamAna kriyA pada ( Anaya ) kI apekSA rakhakara kArakatattva (karma) dikhalAyI par3atA hai, vaise hI yahA~ zayana kriyA ke karma kI bhI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai / isa sthiti meM karmatva saMdarzana, prArthanA aura vyavasAya se utpanna hone vAlI Arambha kriyA ke dvArA nirUpita hotA hai / jaba koI kisI padArtha ko acchI taraha se dekhatA hai ( saMdarzana arthAt phalaviSayaka saMkalpa karatA hai ) taba prArthanA ( phalopAya kI icchA ) karatA hai / taba vyavasAya ( dRr3ha nizcaya ) hokara ArambhakriyA hotI hai / ina kriyAoM kA kramaza: sAdhya - sAdhanabhAva hama dekha cuke haiM / saMdarzanakriyA kA sAdhana kriyAsAdhya phala kI abhilASA kI yogyatA rakhanevAlA ( viziSTa ) caitanya hI hai / bhASyakAra ke 'kriyAgrahaNa' vivecana kA anuvAda karake nAgeza yahA~ 1. 'sampradAnacaturthyarthaH uddezyaH / tathA ca brAhmaNoddezyakaM gokarmakaM dAnamiti - pa0 la0 ma0, pR0 181 bodha: ' 1 2. tulanIya ( vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 16-17 ) - 'sandarzanaM prArthanAyAM vyavasAye tvanantarA / vyavasAyastathArambhe sAdhanatvAya kalpate // pUrvasminyA kriyA saiva parasmin sAdhanaM matA / sandarzane tu caitanyaM viziSTaM sAdhanaM viduH ' //

Page #265
sampradAna kAraka 245 isake phalasvarUpa 'patye zete' kA saMzodhita zAbdabodha karAte haiM - 'patisampradAnakamArambha karmabhUtaM patnI kartRkaM zayanam' / uddezyatva kA prayoga vyApaka artha meM hotA hai, icchAviSayatva kA sImita artha meM / isalie viziSTa icchAviSayatva ko uddezyatva ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai / nAgeza donoM meM spaSTa bheda mAnate hue bhI, laghumaMjUSA meM 'icchA-viSaya' kA prayoga karate hue sampradAnatvazakti kA nirvacana karate haiM - ' aura vaha zakti hai, una una dhAoM ke artha ke karma meM nivAsa karanevAle phala ke nirUpaka ke rUpa meM icchAviSaya meM jisakA nivAsa ho' ( la0 ma0, 1261 ) / dAnArthaka dhAtu ke karma ( go ) meM vidyamAna phala ( svatvanivRtti, parasvatvApAdana ) kA nirUpaka brAhmaNa hai, isI rUpa meM vaha icchA kA viSaya hai, ataH sampradAna hai / prAcIna AcAryoM ne ise hI uddezya kahA hai ( la0 ma0 kalA ) / karma cUMki isa caturthI kA nimitta hai, isalie ukta lakSaNa meM 'karmaniSThAphalanirUpaka' ke rUpa meM sampradAna kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai / karma aura sampradAna ke bIca sambandha bhI isI rUpa meM hotA hai / 'pitRbhyaH zrAddhaM dadyAt' isa prayoga meM yadyapi pitaroM ke dvArA svatva ke nirUpaNa meM bAdhA pahu~catI hai, kyoMki dAna kA pUrA artha jo svatvanivRtti tathA parasvatvApatti hai vaha yahA~ vyavasthita nahIM ho sakatA; tathApi apane svatva kI nivRtti ke anantara paramAtra meM ( sAmAnyatayA ) svatvApAdama ke anukUla tyAga ke rUpa meM jo dA-dhAtu kA artha hai usameM pitaroM ke uddezyatva kA bhAva hai / yahA~ nAgeza ke dvArA svIkRta dA-dhAtu kA vilakSaNa artha dhyAtavya hai, kyoMki isI para isa dhAtu ke vibhinna prayogoM kI puSTi nirbhara karatI hai / parasvatva kA ApAdAna akSarazaH na bhI ho to koI hAni nahIM, tadanukUla vyApAramAtra se kAma cala jAyagA, jo tyAga ke rUpa meM raha sakatA hai / tyAga hI to parasvatva kA kAraNa hai / ataH ukta vAkya kA zAbdabodha hogA - 'pitrabhinnasampradAna- niSThoddezyatAnirUpakaH svatvanivRttyAdyanukUlo vyApAraH' ( kalA, 1263 ) / apanI isa mAnyatA ke samarthana meM nAgeza dharmazAstrIya dAyabhAga kA udAharaNa dete haiM / paradeza meM gaye hue kisI pAtra ke uddezya se jo dhana alaga kiyA jAya use yadi pAtra ko svIkAra karane kA avasara na mile tathA usakI mRtyu ho jAya to aisI dazA meM pitA ke dAya ke rUpa meM usa dhana kA vibhAjana usake putra Apasa meM kara lete haiM, dUsaroM ko yaha adhikAra nahIM hai / yaha sAmAnya anubhava hai ki jo dhana vipra ke uddezya se tyAgA gayA hai vaha vipra kA hI hai, dAtA kA nahIM / yadi aisA nahIM hotA to araNyastha kuzAdi ke samAna sabhI loga usakA vyavahAra karane lagate, pratyavAya kA bhaya nahIM rahatA / yaha prazna ho sakatA hai ki jaba grahaNakartA kI svIkRti ke binA bhI dAnakriyA pUrI ho jAtI hai taba isa svIkRti kI AvazyakatA hI kyA hai ? uttara hai ki svIkRta dhana-dAna arthAt pratigraha adhika phalada hai ( labdhAvaSTaguNaM puNyam ) / pratigraha kA vAstavika artha hai - adRSTa phala kI prApti ke lie diye gaye dhana ko svIkAra karanA / isalie dUsare ke dvArA pitR-paritoSAdi ( adRSTa phala ) ke lie pradatta

Page #266
246 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana yA vikrIta tila, turaga Adi svIkAra karane meM koI doSa nahIM, kyoMki vaha bhI pratigraha hai| ___ saMsRSTi ke sthala meM, jahA~ kaI parivAra eka sAtha apane svatva kA sAmUhika pratigraha karate hoM, asAdhAraNa ( individual ) svatva ke nAza ke bAda sAdhAraNa ( collective ) svatva kI utpatti hone para bhI 'dadAti' kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isalie 'paramAtra meM svatva kI utpatti ke anukUla tyAga' ko dhAtvartha kahA gayA hai| phira bhI AzaMkA ho sakatI hai ki svatva kA nAza to isa vidhi se vyavasthita nahIM ho sakatA, ataH paramAtra meM svatvotpatti ityAdi kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM / kevala itanA hI kaheM ki apane svatva kI nivRtti ke bAda parasvatva kI Apatti ke anukUla tyAga hI dhAtvartha hai, 'mAtra' zabda dene kI koI AvazyakatA nhiiN| uttara meM kaha sakate haiM ki pUrvasvatva ke nAza kI vyavasthA isa prakAra ho sakatI hai ki svatva se yukta padArtha yA vyakti meM svatva kI utpatti nahIM ho rahI hai, yahI svatvanAza hai| niSkarSa yaha nikalatA hai ki jaba sabhI bhAI apane-apane svatva ko punaH eka hI meM vilIna karake mila jAyeM taba svatva kI Apatti nahIM hotI-apanA svatva sAmudAyika svatva ke rUpa meM badala jAtA hai / sabhI kA usa para adhikAra rahatA hai| ataeva isa sthala meM 'dadAti' kriyA nahIM prayukta hotI ki pratyeka vyakti apanA svatva detA hai / 'paramAtra' kI yahIM sArthakatA hai| ____ aba hama upekSA ( udAsInatA ) kA udAharaNa leN| koI vyakti apane uddezya se diye gaye dAna ko upekSita kare to yahA~ niyamataH parasvatva kA ApAdAna nahIM hotA / isalie 'dadAti' ke prayoga se upekSA kA sthala bhI vaMcita rahatA hai / parasvatva kA ApAdana niyamapUrvaka ( as a rule ) honA cAhie, kabhI-kabhI nhiiN| vikraya ke sthala meM bhI dAna-kriyA kI sArthakatA siddha nahIM hotI, kyoMki vastu-vikraya parasvatva kA niyamapUrvaka ApAdana nahIM karatA / vikraya to parasvatvApAdana kA hetu hai hI nahIM / yaha ( parasvatvApAdana ) vastutaH usa kraya se hotA hai jo mUlyadAna ke anantara svIkAra ke rUpa meM rahatA hai| vikraya meM svatva-nivRtti hotI hai to kraya meM parasvatvApAdana / ataeva vikrayasthala meM 'dadAti' kA prayoga nahIM hotaa| yadi hotA hai ( vaNika grAhakAya vastraM dadAti ) to bhAkta prayoga se nirvAha kara sakate haiN| svatvavicAra nAgeza svatva-padArtha kA dArzanika vivecana bhI karate haiM, jisakA upayoga jayarAma ke kArakavAda meM bhI huA hai / navya naiyAyikoM se sahamati rakhate hue nAgeza svatva ko atirikta padArtha ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| yaha dAna-kriyA se naSTa tathA prati 1. vibhakta kiye hue dhana ko punaH ekatra karanA / tulanIya-yAjJaH smR0 2 / 143 tathA usakI mitaakssraa| 2. draSTavya-la0 ma0 kalA, pR0 1264 tathA kArakavAda, pR0 26-27 /

Page #267
sampradAna-kAraka 247 graha se utpanna hotA hai| kisI vastu kA jaba hama apanI icchA ke anukUla viniyoga kara sakeM taba usake Upara hamArA svatva kahA jAtA hai| hA~, itanA avazya hai ki zAstroM meM isa viniyoga kA niSedha nahIM honA caahie| yaha svatva kraya, pratigraha Adi kriyAoM kA viSaya hotA hai arthAt isa svatva ko hama kharIda sakate haiM, svIkAra kara sakate haiM ityAdi / prAcIna tathA navya AcAryoM ke bIca isa viSaya meM matabheda hai ki yaha bAhya indriyoM se vedya hai yA nhiiN| prAcIna AcArya pratigrahAdi ko eka vizeSa mAnasa-jJAna ke rUpa meM dekhate hue bahirindriyoM kA aviSaya mAnate haiN| kintu navya AcArya isakA khaNDana karate haiM ki pratigrahAdi ke nAza ke anantara bhI svatva kA vyavahAra hotA hI rahatA hai| dAna se svatvanAza aura pratigraha se svatva kI utpatti kA vyavahAra sarvavidita hai / 'svaM pazyAmi' ( maiM apane dhana ko, adhikAra ko dekhatA hU~ ) isa prayoga se bhI yahI siddha hotA hai| kisI ke svatva kA sAkSAtkAra tabhI hotA hai jaba hameM yaha jJAna ho jAya ki kisI ke yatheSTa ( icchAnukUla ) viniyoga kI yogyatA isameM hai / jayarAma ke anusAra svatva kI anumiti hI hotI hai, sAkSAtkAra nahIM / svatva ko alaukika viSayitA se yukta usake sAkSAtkAra meM usa prakAra ke vizeSa darzana ko hetu mAna leM to kalpanAgaurava hogA ( kArakavAda, pR0 27 ) / 'svaM pazyAmi' kA anuvyavasAya ( mAnasa jJAna, nizcayAtmaka pratyakSa ) to 'surabhicandanaM pazyAmi' ke samAna vizeSaNa aMza meM laukika viSaya se hI sambaddha hai| sampradAna ke anya sUtra isa prakAra svatva kI vedyatA para prAcIna ( bahirindriya se avedya), navya ( usase vedya ) tathA navyatara ( anumeya ) matoM ke bIca nAgeza navyamata ke samarthaka haiN| nAgeza taka sampradAna ke mukhya sUtra para vizada vivecana kA isa rUpa meM paryavekSaNa kiyA gyaa| aba hama usakA vidhAna karanevAle kucha gauNasUtroM kI vyAkhyA kreN| inameM ATha sUtra vizuddha sampradAna ke haiM aura eka meM karaNa kA vikalpa hai| (1) 'rucyarthAnAM prIyamANaH' ( 1 / 4 / 33 )-dUsare ke dvArA utpanna kI gayI ( anyakartRka ) abhilASA ko ruci kahate haiM / vaise dIpti ke artha meM bhI ruc dhAtu kA prayoga hotA hai, kintu vaha artha yahA~ abhimata nahIM hai, isalie 'Adityo rocate dikSu' meM sampradAna-saMjJA nahIM hotI ( tattvabodhinI, pR0 441 tathA za0 kau0 2, pR0 123 ) / sUtrArtha hai ki ruci ke artha meM AnevAle dhAtuoM kA prayoga hone para jo artha prIyamANa ho, jise prasanna yA tRpta kiyA jAya use bhI sampradAna kahate haiM; jaise'devadattAya rocate modakaH' ( devadatta ko miSTAnna tRpti detA hai ) / yahA~ devadattastha 1. 'tatsAkSAtkAre ca tadIyasvatvavyApya-tadIyayatheSTaviniyogyatvavadidamiti jJAnaM hetuH / -la0 ma0, pR0 1265 2. kAzikA, pR0 68; helArAja 3, pR0 333 /

Page #268
248 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana abhilASA kA kartA modaka hai| devadatta prIyamANa hai, kyoMki tathokta abhilASA ke kartA ke dvArA use hI tRpti yA prasannatA milatI hai| bhartRhari tathA helArAja yahA~ dUsarI prakriyA Arambha karate haiN| anyakartaka abhilASA ko ruci kahate haiM, isalie abhilASA ke viSayIbhUta modaka kA prayoga devadatta kara rahA hai-yahI artha nikalatA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM -apanI caMcalatA se tadanukUla ( miThAI pAne kI dizA meM ) AcaraNa karatA hai, tabhI to loga ukta prayoga karate haiM / phalataH prayojaka devadatta ko hetusaMjJA prApta hone lagatI hai, jisake sthAna para sampradAnasaMjJA hotI hai / hetusaMjJA ke abhAva meM Nic-pratyaya bhI nahIM lagatA tathA hetu se samaveta dUsarI kriyA kI pratIti bhI nahIM hotii| ataeva modaka apanI dhAtuvAcya kriyA kA kartA banatA hai, karma nahIM ( helArAja 3, pR0 333 ) / jaise 'hariH bhRtyaM gamayati' isa vAkya meM Nic ke abhAva meM bhRtya gamana-kriyA kA kartA hI rahatA hai --'bhRtyaH gacchati' / 'rocate' kA artha hai-abhilASA kA viSaya banatA hai| jaba 'devadattAya rocate modakaH' kA artha hotA hai 'devadattaM modakaH prINayati', jaisA ki 'prIyamANa' vizeSaNa se prakaTa hotA hai, taba karmasaMjJA ke sthAna meM sampradAna-saMjJA hone ke lie prastuta sUtra kA Arambha mAnanA cAhie / ruc akarmaka dhAtu hai, isake prayoga meM karmasaMjJA kA AnA asaMgata pratIta ho sakatA hai, kintu dhAtu kI arthAntara meM vRtti hone para sakarmakatA hotI hai ( 'dhAtorarthAntare hi vRttau sakarmakatvam'-helArAja, pR0 334 ); isameM koI saMdeha nahIM / ataH 'prINayati' ke artha meM 'rocate' kA upayoga karane para sakarmakatA hogI aura taba karmasaMjJA hone para use sampradAna meM badalane kI bAta nirmUla nahIM lgegii| isa sUtra kA tIsarA prayojana zeSatva ke sthAna meM sampradAna kA vidhAna karanA bhI hai / jaba devadatta kI abhilASA devadatta-viSayaka bana jAtI hai, aisA artha liyA jAya taba zeSa ke kAraNa SaSThI kI prApti hogii| aisI sthiti meM sampradAna hogA-yaha bhI sUtra kA lakSya hai| dUsare zabdoM meM vizeSa vivakSA ke abhAva meM kevala kriyA ke nimitta ke rUpa meM sAmAnyatayA grahaNa karane para zeSa SaSThI kI prApti ho rahI thii| ataeva hetusaMjJA, karmasaMjJA tathA zeSalakSaNa SaSThI-ina tIna aniSTa prasaMgoM ke vAraNArtha prastuta sUtra kA avatAraNa huA hai ki devadattAdi ko sampradAna-saMjJA hI ho / jJAtavya hai ki jisa prakAra ukta tIna saMjJAoM ke sthAna meM sampradAna hotA hai usI prakAra adhikaraNAdi ke sthAna meM yaha nahIM ho sktaa| isIlie 'prIyamANa' kA prayojana batalAte hue jayAditya tathA dIkSita pratyudAharaNa dete haiM-'devadattAya rocate modakaH 1. 'yadA tu devadattasya yo'bhilASastadviSayo bhavatItyarthastadA zeSatvAtSaSThayAM prAptAyAM vcnmiti'| -za0 kau0 2, pR0 123 draSTavya-helArAja ( 3 / 7 / 130 pr)| 2. 'hetutve karmasaMjJAyAM zeSatve vApi kArakam / rucyarthAdiSu zAstreNa sampradAnAkhyamucyate' /

Page #269
sampradAna-kAraka 249 pathi' | 'pathin' zabda meM adhikaraNa hai, usake sthAna meM sampradAna nahIM hogA / isake atirikta vaha prIyamANa bhI nahIM / bhavAnanda apane kArakacakra meM 'nAradAya rocate kalahaH' tathA ' vaizyAya zataM dhArayati' ina donoM prayogoM meM nArada aura vaizya ko sampradAna nahIM mAnane tathA sambaddha A sUtroM ke bala para sambandhamAtra meM yahA~ caturthI svIkAra karate haiM / caturthI kA sambandha dhAtu ke sAtha ruci ke rUpa meM hai aura AkhyAta ke dvArA viSayatA abhihita hai / phalataH 'nAradasya ruciviSayaH kalahaH' yahI artha hotA hai / spaSTa hai ki bhartRhari kI zeSatvavivakSA vAle vikalpa kA isa vyAkhyA para prabhAva hai / cUMki zeSatva kAraka nahIM hai ata: usake sthAna meM sampradAna svIkAra karane meM naiyAyika bhavAnanda ko Apatti ho rahI hai / gadAdhara ko isameM saMkoca nahIM / prItijanakatA ke rUpa meM jo ruci kA artha hai usI meM vidyamAna prIti ke bhAgI nArada ko ve dRr3hatApUrvaka sampradAna siddha karate haiM ( vyutpattivAda, pR0 242 ) / yahA~ Azritatva ke rUpa meM caturthI kA artha hai - jisakA anvaya prIti meM hotA / isa prakAra kI prItikriyA kA Azraya hone se kalaha kA kartRtva nirvivAda hai / nAgeza ko 'zeSatva ke sthAna meM rucyarthaka sampradAna' kI bAta ThIka nahIM lagatI, kyoMki hetusaMjJA ke sthAna meM sampradAna-saMjJA kA prasaMga to ve helArAja kA anuvAda karake calAte hI haiM" aura " karmasaMjJA ke sthAna meM sampradAna' ke pakSa meM bhI bolate hue nyAya-mata meM gaurava - doSa dikhalAkara usakA nirasana karate haiM / pUrvapakSa ke anusAra prIti ke samAnArtha meM ruci abhihita hai, jisase karma ke apavAdasvarUpa sampradAna kA vidhAna hotA hai | nAgeza kahate haiM ki sUtra meM jo ' prIyamANa' zabda kA prayoga huA hai vahA~ karmavAcya meM zAnac lagA hai arthAt devadattAdi sampradAna ko karmasaMjJA (hari prINayati - hariH prIyate - hariH prIyamANaH ) prApta thI hI / yadi karmasaMjJA ke apavAda ke rUpa meM sampradAna hotA to 'hari prINayati' kI saMgati kabhI hotI hI nahIM, kyoMki utsarga se apavAda adhika prabala hotA hai / dUsare, yadi ruci aura prIti samAnArtha hote to prIdhAtu ke yoga meM bhI sampradAna- saMjJA honI cAhie, kintu nahIM hotI / niSkarSataH prIdhAtu ke yoga meM jo karma rahatA hai vahI ruci artha vAle dhAtuoM ke lie ( jo prItyanukUla artha rakhate haiM ) sampradAna hai / abhipUrvaka lakS dhAtu ke yoga meM bhI sampradAna nahIM hotA - 'hariH bhaktimabhilaSyati' / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki 'abhilaSyati' kriyA ruci ke artha meM nahIM hai / isa kriyA se hameM usa vyApAra kA bodha hotA hai jo viSayatA sambandha se avacchinna prIti ke anukUla to hai hI, sAtha-sAtha prIti se vyadhikaraNa ( bhinnAdhArayukta ) bhI hai ( la0 ma0, pR0 1. 'kecittu prItiviSayatAmApadyamAnaM modakaM laulyAd devadattaH prayuGkte, tadAnuguNyamAcaratIti hetutve prApta idam / evaM ca hetusaMjJAbhAve Nico'bhAvAd hetugatavyApArApratIteH modakaH svakriyAyAM kartA bhavati, na tu devadattaH / upAttakriyAyAM tasya svAtantryAbhAvAdityAhuH' / - la0 ma0, pR0 1268

Page #270
250 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kAraka tattvAnuzIlana 1269 ) / kisI vastu meM hone vAlI prIti ko hI viSayatA sambandha se avacchinna prIti kahate haiM; jaise - modakaviSayaka yA kalahaviSayaka prIti / jisa vastu meM prIti hai usI meM anivAryatayA abhilASA nahIM hai / ruci kA artha prIti ke anukUla tathA prIti kA samAnAdhikaraNa vyApAra hai / jisameM prIti, usI meM ruci - yaha sthiti hai / kintu isakA artha yaha nahIM ki donoM paryAya hoM / prIti ruci kA pariNAma hai-- donoM meM kAryakAraNabhAva hai / abhilASA to ruci tathA prIti se bilakula bhinna hI hai / 'haraye rocate bhakti: ' meM isa prIti kA samavAya- sambandha se hari Azraya hai, ata: usameM sampradAnatva-zakti hai / aba prI- dhAtu kA artha hai - samavAya sambandha se avacchinna prIti ke anukUla vyApAra / isa sambandha ke kAraNa hI 'hari prINayati' meM karma hotA hai / isake abhAva meM SaSThI vibhakti hotI / aba hama nimnalikhita tIna udAharaNoM para pahu~ca cuke haiM - (1) haraye rocate bhaktiH - ruci ke artha ke phalabhUta prIti kA samavAya sambandha se Azraya hari sampradAna hai / ( 2 ) haribhaktimabhilaSyati - rucyartha se bhinna abhilaSaNa kriyA kA Azraya hari kartA hai / ( 3 ) hari prINayati - prI-dhAtugata vyApAra kA phalAzraya hari karma hai / smaraNIya hai ki prItyanukUlatA kA samAna artha rahane para bhI tInoM ke sAtha hari ko vibhinna kAraka -saMjJAe~ milatI haiM, kyoMki antataH tInoM dhAtu bhinnArthaka haiM / lArAja eka mahattvapUrNa prazna uThAte haiM ki sampradAna ke prathama sUtra se hI jaba kAma cala jAtA hai taba 'rucyarthAnAm' ityAdi sUtroM ko Arambha karane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? isake uttara meM ve kahate haiM ki sampradAna- zabda anvartha hai, ataH prathama sUtra meM vihita sampradAna kA artha laukika hai, kintu pichale sUtroM se hone vAlI sampradAnasaMjJA meM laukika artha nahIM rahatA / ataH kevala zabda kA saMskAra ( racanA, sAdhutva ) - pratipAdita karane ke lie bhI zAstrArambha karanA asaMgata nahIM hai / 'haraye' ityAdi zabdoM meM nirdiSTa caturthI kI siddhi karane ke lie hI ukta saMjJA kA atideza kiyA gayA hai / lArAja isa prakAra sampradAna ke do bheda kara DAlate haiM- ( 1 ) laukika tathA ( 2 ) zAstrIya sampradAna 2 / donoM sthitiyoM meM sampradAna kRtrima saMjJA hI hai, kintu laukika sampradAna nyUnAdhika rUpa se laukikArtha ke adhika nikaTa hai, durgAcArya ke 1. draSTavya - ( la0 za0 ze0, pR0 441 ) 'yatkiJcidviSayaka prItyanukUlavyApArAzrayo'bhilaSyatikartA' / 2. 'anvarthatvAt sampradAnazabdasya laukika eva sampradAnArthaH pUrvamuktaH / iha tu rucyarthAdiviSaye tadarthAbhAvAcchabda saMskAramAtrapratipAdanAya zAstrArambhasAmarthyAt sampradAnatvamucyata iti zAstrIya laukikabhedena dvividhaM sampradAnaM vyAkhyAtam' / - helArAja 3, pR0 335

Page #271
sampradAna-kAraka 251 zabdoM meM 'pratyakSavRtti' hai / zAstrIya sampradAna kRtrimatA kI parAkASThA para hai, parokSavRtti' hai / zAstrakAra kI ghoSaNA ke abhAva meM use koI bhI sampradAna nahIM kaha sakatA, kyoMki dAna se usakA koI sambandha nhiiN| (2.) 'zlAghahasthAzapAM jIpsyamAnaH' ( 1 / 4 / 34 )--zlAgh (katthana, stuti), haG ( apanayana, chipAnA ), sthA ( gatinivRtti ) tathA zap ( upAlambha )-ina dhAtuoM kA prayoga hone para jisa vyakti-vizeSa ko bodha karAnA abhipreta ho use bhI sampradAna kahate haiM / jaise-( ka ) 'gopI smarAt kRSNAya zlAghate' ( gopI kAmapIr3A se kRSNa kI stuti kara rahI hai ) / yahA~ kRSNa ko yaha bodha karAnA abhipreta hai ki unake viyoga meM unakI premikA stuti kara rahI hai| prAcIna udAharaNoM meM 'devadattAya zlAghate' AtA hai, jisakI vyAkhyA meM helArAja kahate haiM ki devadatta guNotkarSa ke kAraNa prazaMsita ho rahA hai aura isI guNavattA ke kAraNa apanI zakti ke anukUla AcaraNa bhI karatA hai, ataH usa para prayojakatva kA AropaNa hotA hai tathA use hetusaMjJA prApta hotI haiise rokakara yaha sUtra use sampradAna meM vyavasthita karatA hai| athavA guNoM ke varNana se devadatta ko bodha karAnA abhISTa hai / jJApana-kriyA ke dvArA prApya hone se usakI karmasaMjJA bhI prApta hai, jise rokakara sampradAna kI vyavasthA hotI hai / dUsare prAcIna AcAryoM kA mata hai ki devadatta ke samakSa apane ko yA dUsare ko zlAghya kahatA hai ( devadattAyAtmAnaM paraM vA zlAghyaM kathayati )--yaha artha hai| isI artha meM bhaTTi kA bhI prayoga hai--'zlAghamAnaH parastrIbhyasta trAgAd rAkSasAdhipaH' ( bhaTrikAvya 873 ) isa pakSa meM kAraka-zeSa hone ke kAraNa SaSThI kI prApti thI, ise rokakara sampradAna-saMjJA kA vidhAna hotA hai| jIpsyamAna (jJap+Ni+san+karmaNi yaka+zAnac )-pada' ke dvArA Nijartha (preraNA ) ke pradhAna karma kA grahaNa hotA hai| san-pratyaya ( icchArthaka ) ke prayoga kA prayojana hai ki jisa viSaya ke jJAna ke anukUla vyApAra ho usa prakRtyartha-karma kA bhI grahaNa usa pada se samajhanA caahie| yadi aisA nahIM hotA to 'jJApyamAna' kahakara bhI kAma calAyA jA sakatA thA ( laghumaMjUSA, pR0 1270 ) / pUrvokta udAharaNa kA bodha hotA hai-'gopIkartRkA smarahetukA kRSNasampradAnikA ( arthAt ) kRSNabodhaviSayA stutiH' / yaha prakaraNAdi se samajha leM ki stuti apanI ho rahI hai yA dUsare kI / yadi kRSNa hI stutya hoM taba to paratva ke kAraNa karma hI hogA-kRSNaM stauti / (kha ) kRSNAya hnate ( kRSNa ko bodha karAne ke lie gopI chipatI hai )sapatniyoM ke sAmane kRSNa ko dikhAkara chipatI huI gopI unheM apanI sthiti batalA detI hai athavA chipane yogya sthAna kA bodha karA detI hai| nAgeza ke anusAra hna-dhAtu kA artha hai-bodha ke lie, dUsare ko dikhAyI na par3ane yogya sthAna meM rakha 1. 'jJapa micca ( cu0 u0 ) iti curAdikAtsani karmaNi zAnaci jJIpsyamAna iti rUpaM bodhyam / na tu jJAdhAtoH / tasya bodhane mittvAbhAvAt / tajjJApayati ityAdi bhASyaprayogAt' / -za0 kau0 2, pR0 123-4

Page #272
252 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana denA / yahA~ 'AtmAnam' ( apane ko ) kA adhyAhAra hotA hai| sapatnI ke bhaya se apane ko usa rUpa meM sthApita karanA artha hai| zAbdabodha isa prakAra hogA-'gopIkartRkA kRSNasampradAnikA ( arthAt ) kRSNavRttibodhaviSayA AtmakarmakatathAvasthAnAnukUlA kriyA' ( gopI ke dvArA kRSNa ke lie arthAt kRSNa ke bodha kA viSaya apane ko banAte hue usa rUpa meM avasthita hone ke anukUla kriyA-la0 ma0, pR0 1270 ) / (ga ) kRSNAya tiSThate (kRSNa ko bodha karAne ke lie sthira ho jAtI hai)--yahA~ gatinivRtti ( Thahara jAnA ) ke dvArA apane abhiprAya ko bodha karAne kA artha hai / abhiprAya yahI hai ki maiM isa prakAra kI hU~ / isakA bodha isa prakAra hogA- 'gopIkartRkA kRSNasampradAnikA bodhAnukUlA sthitiH' / sthA-dhAtu kA artha jahA~ abhiprAyakathana ( prakAzana ) ho vahA~ yaha Atmanepada hotA hai-'prakAzanastheyAkhyayozca' (pA0 1 / 3 / 23 ) / (gha ) kRSNAya zapate ( kRSNa ko bodha karAne ke lie gopI zapatha letI hai, ulAhanA detI hai )-yahA~ upAlambha dvArA kRSNa ko bodha karAnA abhISTa hai / pANinisUtra 1 / 3 / 21 para vArtika hai --zapa upalambhane / upalambhana ( prakAzana-kaiyaTa, zapathakAzikA ) ke artha meM zap-dhAtu Atmanepada hotA hai / isa dhAtu ke aneka artha haiM -- (1) Akroza yathA-devadattaM zapati ( nindati ); (2) zArIrika yA mAnasa sparza yathA-viraiH zape, kSAtradharmeNa zape; ( 3.) prakAzana yathA-devadattAya zapate / nAgeza kAzikA ke isa mata para AkSepa karate haiM ki upalambhana kA artha zapatha hai| jayAditya ne kahA hai ki vANI se zarIra kA sparza karanA ( zapatha lenA, Swearing ) upalambhana hai| nAgeza udyotaTIkA meM ise prakAzana ke artha meM vyavasthita karake bhI punaH laghumaMjUSA meM zAbdabodha dete hue zapatha-rUpa artha hI rakha dete haiM- 'tatsampradAna-bodhAnukUlaM zapathakaraNam' (pR0 1271 ) / nAgeza prakArAntara se bhI isakI vyAkhyA karate haiM / jIpsyamAna pada meM Nyarthakarma tathA prakRtyarthakarma kA bhI grahaNa hotA hai, isalie bodha bhI do prakAra ke hoNge| pahalA artha hotA hai-stuti se, hnati se, sthiti se aura zapatha se kRSNa ko apane anurAga kA bodha karAtI hai| dUsare prakAra meM stutyAdi se kRSNa ko apane sakhIjana kA jJAna karAtI hai| anurAga-rUpa jJAyamAna padArtha yahA~ para Nyarthakarma hai| gopI kA anurAga kRSNa ke dvArA jJAta ho jAya isIlie vaha stutyAdi karatI hai / svasakhIjana ke rUpa meM jJIpsyamAna padArtha prakRtyarthakarma hai, kyoMki gopI kA uddezya kRSNa taka apane anurAga ko pahu~cAnA hI nahIM, apanI sakhiyoM kA bodha karAnA bhI abhipreta hai / san pratyaya ke prayoga ke kAraNa aisA artha hotA hai / isa prakAra nAgeza kA Azaya hai ki donoM prakAra ke artha nikalate haiM, yadyapi vAkya eka hai| ( 3 ) 'dhAreruttamarNaH' ( 1 / 4 / 35 )-uttamarNa kA artha hai RNadAtA, jisakA 1. pradIpodyota, pR. 162 / 2. la0 za0 ze0, pR0 442 tathA la0 ma0, pR0 1270-71 /

Page #273
sampradAna-kAraka 253 RNa uttama ho arthAt jisakA dhana ho / RNa kA prayoktA, dhana kA svAmI sampradAna kahalAtA hai jaba dhAraya ti-kriyA kA prayoga ho / jaise- 'devadattAya zataM dhArayati' ( vaha devadatta ke sau rupaye liye huA hai ) / RNa grahaNa karane vAle ko adhamaNaM kahate haiN| yahA~ helArAja kahate haiM ki uparyukta hetu, karma tathA zepa ina tInoM ke sthAna meM sampradAna ke vidhAna kA jo sAmAnya niyama hai vaha sarvatra lAgU nahIM hotA / kahIM-kahIM ekAdha ke hI sthAna meM sampradAna hotA hai / jaise isI sthala meM kevala zeSa SaSThI prApta hone para sampradAna-saMjJA ke lie yaha sUtra hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki svarUpa meM sthita sau rupayoM ko devadatta sthApita karatA hai, adhamarNa unheM dhAraNa karatA hai / uttamarNa devadatta dAna-kriyA ke dvArA dhAraNa kA nimitta hai, kyoMki vahI dAna karatA hai| kintu 'dadAti' kriyA yahA~ zrayamANa nahIM hai / ataH azrUyamANa 'dadAti' kriyA ke viSaya meM kArakazeSa hone se yahA~ SaSThI kI prApti thI - ise rokakara zAstra dvArA sampradAna-vidhAna huA hai / dhRG-dhAtu kA artha hai-avasthAna / isameM preraNArthaka Nic pratyaya lagAne para 'dhArayati' banatA hai, jisameM avasthAna ke anukUla vyApAra kA artha nihita hai| isa artha kI avasthiti kA jo Azraya ( RNa lene vAlA ) ho usakA sambandhI ( RNadAtA ) sampradAna hai / 'bhaktAya dhArayati mokSaM hariH' yaha udAharaNa navya granthoM meM hai / ukta prakriyA se isakA zAbdabodha hogA--'harikartRko bhaktasampradAnako mokSakarmakAvasthityanukalo vyApAraH' / yahA~ mokSa svarUpataH avasthita hai, usameM parivartana nahIM hotA / dhAraNa kriyA kA yahI artha hai ki gRhIta RNa ko usI rUpa meM dene ke lie adhamarNa vyakti rakhA huA hai| yahA~ prazna hotA hai ki bhokSa ko RNa kahA jA sakatA hai yA nahIM? RNa ke viSaya meM do mAnyatAe~ haiM / pahalI mAnyatA yaha hai ki jaba sajAtIya dravyAntara kA dAna svIkArya ho taba dUsare ke dvArA diye gaye usake dravya kA grahaNa karanA RNa hai ( 'RNaM nAma sajAtIyadravyAntaradAnamaGgIkRtya paradatta-parakIyadravyAdAnam'--- la0 ma0, pR0 1272 ) / yaha sambhava nahIM ki jisa vastu kA RNa liyA gayA hai use usI rUpa meM lauTA diyA jAya, anyathA RNa kA prayojana ( upayoga ) hI nahIM hogaa| kintu dravya kI rAzi, guNa yA parimANa meM parivartana karake dUsarA dravya nahIM diyA jA sakatA / denA to dravyAntara hI hai, kintu vaha sajAtIya hI ho / yaha nahIM ki liyA to acchA anna aura lauTAne lage nikRSTa anna / caurya kA nirasana karane ke lie 'paradatta' zabda kA prayoga hai / isake anusAra to hari kI adhamarNatA kabhI sambhava nahIM, kyoMki mokSa ke sajAtIya dravya kA AdAna hari jaba bhakta se kiye hue raheMge tabhI ve usake adhamarNa ho sakate haiN| 1. 'yathAsambhavaM hi hetvAditrayaM prAptamucyate, na tu pratyekam' / -helArAja, pR0 334 2. 'vizeSavivakSAyA abhAve kriyAnimittatvamAtrAzrayaNena zeSatvaM prAptamiti bodhym| -la0 ma0, pR0 1272 18.

Page #274
saMskRta - vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana RNa ke viSaya meM dUsarI mAnyatA hai ki uparyukta dravyAdAna se utpanna hone vAlA, adhamarNa meM sthita tathA parizodhana se naSTa hone yogya adRSTa vizeSa ko RNa kahate haiM / isa viSaya meM gadAdhara kA kathana hai ki isI adRSTa ke kAraNa RNazodha kiye binA mare logoM ko naraka-prApti hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai / donoM mAnyatAoM ko milAkara hI gadAdhara ' dhArayati' kA artha karate haiM / isa dUsarI mAnyatA ke anusAra bhI hari adhama nahIM hote / adRSTa kA niSedhAtmaka prayojana gadAdhara spaSTa kaha cuke haiM / hari ko mokSarUpa RNa kA parizodhana nahIM karane para bhI narakAdi phala nahIM mila sakatA / yadi milane lage to pUrNatva para Apatti hogii| isa prakAra sthiti atyanta hI viSama hai| hari vAstava meM adhamarNa haiM ki nahIM ? nAgeza samAdhAna karate haiM ki mokSa cUMki avazyadeya hai, ataH use bhI RNa kahA jA sakatA hai 2 / 254 ( 4 ) ' spRherIpsitaH' ( 1 | 4 | 36 ) - spRha- dhAtu ( IpsA, cu0 pa0 ) ke prayoga meM jo padArtha Ipsita arthAt icchA kA viSaya ho vaha bhI sampradAna hai; jaise - ' puSpebhyaH spRhayati' / Ipsita puSpa sampradAna haiM / yahA~ sampradAna- saMjJA ke vidhAna ke prayojana ko lekara helArAja aura haradatta meM matabheda hai / helArAja kA kathana hai ki puSpoM ke Ipsitatama hone se karmasaMjJA ho sakatI thI, sAtha hI zeSatva - vivakSA hone para SaSThI kI bhI prApti thI / ina donoM kA nivAraNa karake yaha sUtra sampradAna kA vidhAna karatA hai / dUsarI ora haradatta kA kahanA hai ki zeSatva-vivakSA meM SaSThI hotI hI hai, jisase 'kumArya iva kAntasya trasyanti spRhayanti ca' meM SaSThI kA samarthana hotA hai| helArAja aisI sthiti meM kaheMge ki vibhakti - vipariNAma se 'kAntAya spRhayanti' ke rUpa meM vyAkhyA karanI cAhie ( prauDhamanoramA, pR0 522 ) yaha sampradAna- saMjJA IpsitamAtra meM samajhana gahie / jaba prakarSa kI vivakSA ho ( Ipsitatama ) taba to paratva ke kAraNa karmasaMjJa hI hogI - 'puSpANi spRhayati' / isIlie to karmatva ke kAraNa 'paraspareNa spRhaNIyobham' tathA 'spRhaNIyaguNairmahAtmabhiH' ityAdi prayoga samarthita hote haiM, jinameM zobhA, guNa Adi spRha dhAtu ke karma haiM, kyoMki prakarSavivakSA hai / helArAja yahA~ para 'spRhaNIya' zabda ko dAnIya ke samAna sampradAnArthaka anIyar-pratyaya se niSpanna mAna sakate haiM (draSTavya - uparivat ) / inake anusAra karma tathA zeSatva ke sthAna meM sampradAna hI hotA hai, jaba ki haradatta tInoM sambhAvanAoM kA vikalpa vivakSA se grahaNa karate haiM / / yaha sahI hai ki 'spRhayati' icchAmAtra kA vAcaka hai / kintu isakA vizeSa artha do prakAra kA hogA - ( 1 ) icchA ke anukUla manaH saMyogAdi vyApAra kA yaha vAcaka ho sakatA hai aura aisI dazA meM sampradAna kAraka hotA hai - 'puSpebhyaH spRhayati / ( 2 ) kabhI-kabhI phala se avacchinna icchA kA bhI yaha vAcaka ho sakatA hai aura taba karma 1. ' tathA ca dravyAntaradAnAbhyupagamapUrva kapa radattadravyAdAnajanyAdRSTavizeSavattvameva dhArayaterarthaH ' / 2. 'Avazyakadeyatvena tatrApi RNavyavahArAt' / - vyu0 vA0, pR0 243 -la0 ma0, pR0 1272

Page #275
sampradAna-kAraka 255 kAraka hogA- 'puSpANi spRhayati' / sampradAna kI sthiti meM Ipsita padArtha dhAtvartha ke vyApAra se utpanna phala kA Azraya hotA hai| yahAM dhAtvartha meM phala kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai| phalasvarUpa bodha hotA hai--puSpasampradAnikA icchA / nAgeza isa prakAra helArAja kI yaha bAta nahIM mAnate ki karmasaMjJA kI prApti hone para sampradAna-vidhAna hotA hai| donoM ke viSaya-kSetra ( jurisdiction ) atyanta bhinna haiM / hA~, zeSa SaSThI ke apavAda meM ise rakha sakate haiM / kintu yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki zeSavivakSA hone para SaSThI kA koI vAraNa nahIM kara sktaa| nAgeza ke kathana kA sArAMza yaha hai ki-(1) kriyAjanakatva hone para sampradAna, (2) kriyAsambandhitva-mAtra kI vivakSA hone para SaSThI tathA ( 3 ) kriyA ke phalalAbha kI vivakSA hone para karma hotA hai / (5) 'krudhaguheAsUyArthAnAM yaM prati kopaH' (1|4|37)-krodh ( amarSa, roSa ), droha ( apakAra yA ahita kI icchA ), IrSyA ( parotkarSa ko na sahanA ) tathA asUyA ( guNoM meM doSa DhUMr3hanA )--ina arthoM kA prayoga hone para jisake prati kopa ho vaha sampradAna hotA hai| jaise-haraye krudhyati, druhyati, IrNyati, asUyati / sampradAna ke sUtroM meM prathama sUtra ke atirikta ekamAtra isI sUtra kI vyAkhyA pataMjali ne kI hai / ve zaMkA karate haiM ki krodhAdi ekArthaka haiM yA nAnArthaka ? yadi saboM kA eka hI artha hai to inakA pRthak-pRthak nirdeza kyoM kiyA gayA hai ? aura yadi ye nAnArthaka haiM to 'yaM prati kopaH' isa sAmAnya vizeSaNa se sambaddha kaise hoMge ? kyA saboM meM kopa kA bhAva rahatA hai ? isakA samAdhAna karate hue ve kahate haiM ki kopa kA vAcyArtha saboM meM sAmAnyatayA rahatA hI hai, sabhI vRttiyA~ kopamUlaka hI haiN| kaiyaTa ise sampradAna-vivakSA ke sthAnoM ke lie prayukta mAnate haiM -aisI bAta nahIM hai ki drohamAtra yA IrSyAmAtra hI kopapUrvaka hotA hai / 'yaM prati kopaH' vizeSaNa kI sArthakatA vyabhicAra ( virodhI udAharaNa ) ke milane meM hI hai| kahIM-kahIM kopazanya drohAdi milate haiM; yathA-bhAryAmIya'ti / yahA~ bhAryA se isalie IrSyA hai ki dUsarA koI use na dekhe / kopa kA bhAva nahIM hai / bAta itanI hI hai ki dUsare ke dvArA dekhe jAne para bhAryA ko saha nahIM pAtA / usameM asahiSNutA hai, ataH sampradAna nahIM huaa| ___ laghumaMjUSA meM prasaMgataH krodhAdi kA vizleSaNa huA hai / vadhAdi ke anukUla vyApAra ko utpanna karanevAlI eka vizeSa prakAra kI cittavRtti, jo krodha ke rUpa meM hai, vahI dhAtvartha ( krudh kA artha ) hai / duHkha utpanna karanevAlI kriyA ke rUpa meM apakArajanaka cittavRtti ko droha kahate haiM / ye donoM dhAtu akarmaka haiM, kyoMki dhAtvartha se karma kA upasaMgraha hotA hai / jisa prakAra 'prANAn dhArayati' kA upasaMgraha 'jIvati' kriyA meM ho 1. 'zeSaSaSThyapavAda ettsmprdaanvibhktiH'| -la0 ma0, pR0 1273 2. la0 za0 ze0, pR0 443 /

Page #276
256 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana jAne se vaha akarmaka hai usI prakAra 'krudhyati' yA druhyati' meM bhI kriyA dvArA karma kA grahaNa ho gayA hai -- vadhAdikaM janayati, apakAraM janayati / viSayatA-sambandha se isa dhAtvartha ke mUlarUpa kopa se sambaddha hari ko sampradAna-saMjJA huI hai| yahA~ zAbdabodha hotA hai ---'harisampradAnako drohaH' / yaha bhI zeSaSaSThI kA apavAda hai / utkarSa ke virodhI dharma ke Aropa ke anukUla vyApAra ko utpanna karanevAlI cittavRtti IrSyA hai / zauca, AcArAdi guNoM ke viSaya meM 'dambha se aisA kiyA jA rahA hai' isa prakAra ke doSoM ke Aropa ke anukUla cittavRtti kA nAma asUyA hai / kopa bhI eka cittavRtti hai, jo saboM ke mUla meM hai| kopa kA prayoga sAmAnyatayA avyakta krodha ke lie huA hai / vahI jaba prarUDha ho, vANI-netrAdi ke vikAroM se lakSita ho to use krodha kahA gayA hai| ___ nAgeza prakRta sUtra se bodhya sampradAna kA nirvacana karate haiM-'tadvAtvarthamUlabhUtakopaviSayatve sati taddhAtvarthaphalAzrayasya sampradAnatvam' ( la0 ma0, pR0 1274 ) / arthAt uparyukta cAroM dhAtuoM ke artha ke mUlabhUta kopa kA jo viSaya ho tathA una dhAtuoM ke artha ke phaloM kA Azraya ho vahI yahA~ sampradAna hai / dveSa kA udAharaNa bhI yahA~ diyA gayA hai| yaha vaha cittavRtti hai jo aprItijanaka hai tathA prabala duHkha-sAdhanatA ke jJAna ( ki yaha vastu atyadhika duHkhadAyI hai ) se utpanna hotI hai| kopAbhAva meM yahA~ sampradAna nahIM hotA / dveSa ko hI anabhinandana (prItyabhAva ) kahate haiN| isIlie acetana padArtha meM bhI dviS-dhAtu kA prayoga hotA hai--'auSadhaM dveSTi' / isameM kevala karma hI hotA hai--'yo'smAndveSTi yaM ca vayaM dviSmaH' ( atharva0 saM0 2 / 11 / 3 ), 'ramyaM dveSTi' ( zAku0 ) / 'mitrAya druhyati pratApaH' ( rAjA kA pratApa sUrya se bhI droha karatA hai )-yahA~ cetanatA kA Aropa huA hai| halArAja yahA~ karmasaMjJA kI prApti hone para sampradAna-saMjJA mAnate haiM / isIlie pANini kA yaha vidhAna caritArtha hotA hai ki vadha aura druha dhAtu yadi sopasarga hoM to jisake prati kopa ho use karmasaMjJA hotI hai, sampradAna nahIM ( 1 / 4 / 38 ) / jaisekaramabhidhyati, abhidruhyati / ye donoM dhAtu mUlataH akarmaka haiM / yaha sandigdha hai ki usI artha meM upasarga lagate hI ye sakarmaka ho jAya~ aura karma kI khoja kreN| isIlie kalpanA hotI hai ki abhi karmapravacanIya hogA jisake prayoga meM dvitIyA hotI hai| (6 ) 'rAdhIkSyoryasya vipraznaH' (1 / 4 / 39 )-rAdh ( saMsiddhi ) tathA IkSa ( darzana ) yadyapi apane arthoM meM prasiddha haiM tathApi prakRta sthala meM zubha aura azubha ke paryAlocana ke artha meM liye gaye haiM aura vaha paryAlocana bhI prazna pUchane ke bAda ho| 1. 'hyAdau karmasaMjJAprasaGgaH / drohasyApakAratvAttadarthAH sakarmakAH / evamAsUyArthA api' / spaSTataH ye sabhI dhAtuoM ko sakarmaka mAnate haiM, kintu dIkSita, nAgezAdi prathama do ko akarmaka tathA pichale do ko sakarmaka mAnakara kramazaH SaSThI tathA karmasaMjJA ke apavAda ke rUpa meM isa sampradAna kA grahaNa karate haiN| dekheM-za0 ko0 2, pR0 125 /

Page #277
257 yahA~ bhI zubha aura azubha ina do karmoM kA dhAtvartha ( rAdhyati, IkSate ) ke dvArA upasaMgraha ho rahA hai, ataH ye donoM kriyAe~ akarmaka haiM ( za0 kau0 2, pR0 125 ) / rAdhyati = zubhAzubhaM paryAlocayati / yahI artha 'IkSate' kA bhI hai / viprazna kA artha hai vividha prazna / jisake zubhAzubha kI bAta pUchI jAtI hai, usIkA viprazna bhI hotA hai / ataH sUtrArtha huA ki rAdha aura IkS dhAtuoM ke prayoga meM jisake sambandha meM aneka prazna pUche jAte haiM vaha kAraka bhI sampradAna hotA hai / jaise - 'devadattAya rAdhyati IkSate vA' ( devadatta ke viSaya meM pUchane para jyotiSI zubhAzubha phala batalAte haiM ) / helArAja yahA~ hetusaMjJA kI prApti hone para sampradAna mAnate haiM, kyoMki unake anusAra deva ( bhaviSyatphala ) kA paryAlocana karane ke lie gaNaka ko devadatta hI prerita karatA hai arthAt devadatta prayojaka yA hetu hai / kintu aisA kahanA sarvathA abhrAnta nahIM hai, kyoMki devadatta ke viSaya meM jyotipI se pUchanevAlA vyakti devadatta kA koI sambandhI bhI to ho sakatA hai jo daiva-paryAlocana kI preraNA de / aisI dazA meM devadatta ko hetusaMjJA kahA~ prApta hai ? ataH navya- vaiyAkaraNoM kA mata hai ki devadatta ke sambandha meM prazna pUche jAne se SaSThI kI prApti avazya thI jise rokakara sampradAna- saMjJA vihita huI hai ( za0 kau0 ) / nAgeza ke anusAra dhAtvartha 'praznaviSayaka zubhAzubha kA paryAlocana' hai / usa prazna ke viSaya se sambaddha kRSNa ko sampradAna hokara zAbdabodha hogA - 'kRSNasampradAnakam (arthAt ) kRSNasambandhiprazna viSayazubhAzubhaparyAlocanam ' ( la0 ma0, pR0 1275 ) / ( 7 ) 'pratyAdbhyAM zruvaH pUrvasya kartA' ( 1|4|40 ) - prati aura AG - ina do upasargoM ke bAda zru-dhAtu kA prayoga ho to pUrva arthAt pravartana-rUpa vyApAra kA kartA sampradAna hotA hai; jaise - 'devadattAya gAM pratizRNoti, AzRNoti' ( devadatta ke dvArA gau dene ke lie pravRtta kiye jAne para koI use dene kI pratijJA karatA hai ) / yahA~ vAstava meM do vAkya haiM / devadatta godAna ke lie preraNA detA hai, taba dUsarA vyakti use godAna karane kA vacana detA hai / pUrva vAkya meM pravartana-vyApAra hai, jisake kartA devadatta kI sampradAna- saMjJA huI / helArAja, dIkSita tathA nAgeza isa viSaya meM sahamata tathA samarthanIya haiM ki hetusaMjJA prApta hone para sampradAna-vidhAna huA hai / kintu haradatta ke anusAra vivakSA se 'devadatto gAM pratizrAvayati' prayoga ho sakatA hai ( jahA~ pravartanAvyApAra ke kartA ko sampradAnatva-vivakSA nahIM huI hai ) / dIkSita isakA dRr3ha prativAda karate haiM ki aisI dazA meM to 'devadatto rocayati modakam ' kA prayoga bhI anivArya ho jAyagA / kintu aise prayogoM kA helArAja ne tathA svayaM haradatta ne virodha kiyA hai / vahA~ hetutva kA bAdha karane ke phalasvarUpa yadi Nic nahIM hotA to yahA~ bhI tulya anuzAsana honA cAhie, viSamatA ThIka nahIM / niSkarSataH hetusaMjJA ke sthAna meM isa sUtra se sampradAna hotA hai, vivakSA bhI prativartana kI anumati nahIM detI / pravartana se utpanna abhyupagama ( svIkRti ) dhAtvartha hai aura svArtha ke lie kiye gaye pravartana kA Azraya sampradAna hai ( la0 ma0, pR0 1275 ) / sampradAna-kAraka

Page #278
258 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana (8) 'anupratigaNazca' (1 / 4 / 41)- anu aura prati se yukta gR-dhAtu ( krayAdi, pa0) kA prayoga hone para pUrva kriyA ke kartA ko sampradAna kahate haiM / anugaraNa aura pratigaraNa vastutaH zrautayAga meM prayukta honevAle zabda haiM / yahA~ bhI do vAkya hote haiMpahale hotA zaMsana ( RcAoM kA pATha ) karatA hai, dUsarA vyakti use protsAhita karatA hai| isameM pUrvavAkya kI kriyA kA kartA sampradAna hai-hotre'nugRNAti, pratigRNAti / pUrvavAkya meM zaMsana-kriyA hai, usakA kartA hotA hai| zaMsanakartA ke protsAhana ke artha meM anugara-pratigara kriyAoM kA prayoga hotA hai| isalie nAgeza dhAtvarthanirUpaNa karate haiM-zaMsana ke viSaya meM harSAnukUla vyApAra se lakSita honevAlA protsAhana dhAtvartha hai ( la0 ma0, uparivat ) / zaMsana kA Azraya ( hotA ityAdi ) sampradAna hai| __ helArAja kahate haiM ki yahA~ hotAraM zaMsanena (zaMsantaM ? ) protsAhayati' isa rUpa meM vAkyArtha karane para hotA' ko karmasaMjJA prApta thI, use roka kara sampradAna huA hai| ina sabhI sUtroM meM vizeSa-vivakSA ke abhAva meM SaSThI to prApta hai hI jisake apavAdasvarUpa sampradAna-vidhAna hai| (9) parikrayaNe sampradAnamanyatarasyAm' (1|4|44)-is sUtra meM karaNa aura sampradAna kA vikalpa hai| parikrayaNa kA artha hai-vetanAdi se kisI ko nizcita samaya ke lie svIkAra karanA, sadA ke lie kraya nahIM krtaa| jaba niyata samaya ke lie (1 varSa, 30 varSa ityAdi ) kucha vetana dekara kisI ko sevaka ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jAya to vahI parikrayaNa hai| pari=sAmIpya / kraya = sadA ke lie svIkAra karanA' / parikrayaNa kA artha hone para jo sAdhakatama kAraka ho vaha sampradAna yA karaNa bhI hai; jaise-'zatAya parikrItaH, zatena vA' ( sau rupayoM se yA ke lie vaha naukarI kiye hue hai ) / yahAM zata kA vyApAra hai dAna / sau rupayoM ko vaha apanI zakti pradAna kara rahA hai / nAgeza isa sampradAna ke prati upekSAbhAva dikhalAte haiM ki karaNa kA hI sampradAna ke rUpa meM bhAna hotA hai| 1. 'parizabdaH sAmIpyaM dyotayati / krayo nAmAtyantika svIkaraNam / niyatakAlaM tu tasya samIpamiti bhAvaH' / -za0 ko0 2, pR0 127 'tacca niyatakAlaM tato nyUnatvAt' / -prauDhamanoramA, pR0 523 2. la. za. ze0, pR0 445 /

Page #279
adhyAya : 8 apAdAna-kAraka vyutpatti apa aura A ina do upasargoM ke bAda dAnArthaka dA-dhAtu se bhAvavAcaka lyuT-pratyaya lagakara niSpanna apAdAna-zabda kA nirvacana hai-'apAdIyate pRthak kriyate' arthAt pRthak kiyA jAnA / AdAna zabda grahaNa, dhAraNa prabhRti saMzleSAtmaka arthoM meM AtA hai, jaba ki apAdAna isake ThIka viparIta vizleSAtmaka artha meM prayukta hotA hai / sAmAnyatayA sampradAna aura apAdAna paraspara sambaddha zabda haiM, jinakA samakAlika vikAsa huA thA, kyoMki saMzleSa tathA vizleSa bhI paraspara sambaddha haiN| ye hI una donoM kArakoM ke AdhAra haiN| pANinIya lakSaNa apAdAna kA ukta laukika artha zAstrIya artha se anivAryatayA sambaddha hone para bhI bhinna hai / pANini kA apAdAna-lakSaNa isa prakAra hai--'dhruvamapAye'pAdAnam' (1 / 4 / 24 ) / apAya ukta vizleSa yA pRthakkaraNa ke artha meM AyA hai / dhruva kA' sAmAnya artha hai-sthira / ise pataMjali ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai, yadyapi kAlAntara meM vaiyAkaraNoM ne ise avadhi ke ( jahA~ se vibhAga Arambha ho ) artha meM paribhASita kiyA hai| sUtrArtha hai ki vizleSa hone para jo padArtha dhruva yA sthira rahe vaha apAdAna hai; yathA-'vRkSAtpaNaM patati' / vRkSa aura parNa ke vibhAga kI sthiti meM parNa kI asthiratA tathA vRkSa kI sthiratA vivakSita hai, ataH vRkSa apAdAna hai| sUtra meM yadi 'dhruva' zabda kA prayoga nahIM hotA to 'grAmAdAgacchati zakaTena' isa vAkya meM vizleSamAtra ke AdhAra para zakaTa ko bhI apAdAna kahA jA sakatA thA, kintu adhruva hone ke kAraNa zakaTa apAdAna nahIM hai| isI prakAra 'grAmAdAgacchan kaMsapAtryAM pANinIdanaM bhuGkte' ( gA~va se Ate hue kahIM para rAha meM--kAMsyapAtra meM hAtha se bhAta khAtA hai ) isa vAkya meM 'kaMsapAtrI' ko apAdAna kaha sakate the, kintu vizleSa hone para bhI yaha dhruvatva ke abhAva meM apAdAna nhiiN| isa para kahA jA sakatA hai ki paratva ke kAraNa karaNa tathA adhikaraNa saMjJAe~ apAdAna-saMjJA kI prApti roka detI haiM / ataeva sUtrastha 'dhruva' pada kA prayojana dikhalAne ke lie pataJjali dUsare pratyudAharaNa dete haiM-vRkSasya parNa patati, kuDyAsya piNDaH ( dIvAla kA Tukar3A ) patati / patanakriyA 1. 'dhru gatisthairyayoH ityasmAtkuTAdeH pacAdyac / ye tu dhruva sthairya iti paThanti teSAmigupadhalakSaNaH kapratyayaH' / -za0 ko0 2, pR0 115

Page #280
260 - saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana hone se yahA~ ApAtataH apAya kI pratIti hotI hai, kintu vastutaH apAya nahIM hai / vRkSa aura parNa pRthak nahIM ho rahe haiM aura na kuDya-piNDa kA viyoga hI vivakSita hai| dhruva vastu kI sattA ke binA kevala gati ko apAya nahIM kaha sakate / laukika dRSTi se apAya rahane para bhI dhruva avivakSita hai, ataH yahA~ vRkSa aura kuDya ko apAdAnasaMjJA nahIM hogii| dhruva ko zAstrIyatA : avadhi ko anivAryatA dhruva kA artha yadi sthira yA acala lete haiM to uparyukta- 'vRkSAtparNa patati' ityAdi udAharaNoM meM to acalatA ke kAraNa apAdAna-saMjJA vRkSAdi meM ho sakatI hai, kintu gatizIla padArthoM meM apAdAna kaise hogA? rathAtpravItAtpatitaH ( teja daur3ate hue ratha se gira gayA ), azvAt trastAtpratitaH ( Darakara bhAga rahe ghor3e se gira par3A ), sAdi gacchato hInaH ( jAte hue apane sAthiyoM ke samUha se bichur3a gayA ) ityAdi aise udAharaNa haiM jahA~ gatizIla ratha, azva, sArtha ityAdi nizcita rUpa se apAdAna haiN| inakI kyA vyavasthA hogI ? kAtyAyana kahate haiM ki yahA~ apAdAna isalie mAnA jA sakatA hai ki adhuvatA avivakSita hai| arthAt vaktA ina padArthoM ko adhruva hone para bhI dhruva mAnanA cAhatA hai / parantu yaha kaise ho sakatA hai ki spaSTataH parispandita honevAle padArthoM ko hama dhruva mAna le ? pataMjali kahate haiM ki azva meM jo azvatva ( jAti, pravRtti nimitta artha ) tathA AzugAmitva ( vyutpattinimitta artha ) hai, vahI dhruva hai-ise vaktA kahanA cAhatA hai| nizcaya hI ve ekarUpatA ko dhruva mAnate haiM, kyoMki azva ke uparyukta dharma sadA ekarUpa haiM, vaha cAhe zAnta ho yA trasta / kaiyaTa kahate haiM ki aise udAharaNoM meM pahale kAraka ( azva ) kA kriyA ( patitaH ) se anvaya hotA hai, jo zrutigamya hai| aba vizeSaNa ke sAtha vAkyagata saMbandha hotA hai ( trastaH azvaH ) / isa prakAra yadi 'azvAtpatitaH' isa saMbandha ke pradarzana meM azva meM adhruvatA nahIM hai to bAda meM trasta ke sAtha sambandha hone para bhI azva kI antaraMga saMjJA nivRtta nahIM hogI, jisase usakI adhruvatA bhI pUrvavat banI rhegii| aba rahI bAta 'trasta' zabda ke apAdAnatva kI, yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki usameM apAdAna nahIM rahane para bhI vizeSya ke anurodha se hI vibhakti lagAyI gayI hai, aniyama se nahIM' / 'trasta' meM vibhakti-sAdhana kA anya upAra bhI kayaTa dikhalAte haiM jo nAgeza ke anusAra bhASya kA svarasa hai| vaha yaha hai ki 'trasta' ko bhI apAdAna mAnA jAya, kyoMki trAsa kI apekSA se usameM bhale hI adhruvatva ho 1. 'na vA'dhrauvyasyAvivakSitatvAt' / ( 1 / 4 / 24 para vArtika ) 2. 'dhruvamekarUpamucyate' -kaiyaTa 2, pR0 249 3. 'vizeSaNasyAsatyapyapAdAnatve sAmayikI vibhaktiH / sA ca vizeSyAnurodhena pravartate, na tvaniyamena' // -vahIM

Page #281
apAdAna-kAraka 261 kintu patana-kriyA ko daSTi meM rakhate hue to usameM dhruvatva hai hii| yahI kalpanA paravartI vaiyAkaraNoM ke vivecanoM meM vikasita huii| isI prakAra ratha aura sArtha meM bhI dhruvatva kA bodha kiyA jA sakatA hai| ratha meM rathatva ( jAti ) tathA 'jisameM Ananda leM' ( ramante'smin iti rathaH ) yaha vyutpattinimitta artha hI dhruva ke rUpa meM vivakSita hai| sArtha ( Carvan ) meM sArthatva tathA sahArthAbhAva ( samAna prayojana honA, vyutpattinimitta artha ) dhruva haiM / isa rUpa meM dhruvatva-maryAdA kA nirvAha hotA hai| kintu yaha vyavasthA vahIM saMbhava hai jahA~ kriyA pravRttinimitta nahIM ho, kevala vyutpattijanya artha para AsIna rahe / yadi kriyA zabda ke vyAvahArika artha para calane lage; yathA-'dhAvataH patitaH, tvaramANAtpatitaH', taba apAdAnatva-sAdhaka dhruva kI maryAdA kahA~ rahegI ?' pataMjali yahA~ bhI adhruvatva kI avivakSA ko sArI vyavasthA kA bhAra de dete haiM / loka meM satpadArtha kI avivakSA aura asat kI vivakSA ke udAharaNa milate haiN| 'alomikA eDakA ( lomahIna = kama roe~ vAlI bheMr3a ), anudarA (udarahIna-patale udaravAlI) kanyA-yahAM padArtha hone para bhI avivakSA ke kAraNa naJ kA prayoga huA hai / 'samudraH kuNDikA' ( sAgara eka choTA kalaza hai ), vindhyo vadhitakaH ( vindhyAcala bhAta kA choTA piNDa hai )-yahA~ padArtha vastutaH usa prakAra ke nahIM haiM tathApi vivakSA hai / ataH avasthita hone para bhI adhruvatva kI avivakSA laukika vyavahAra ke lie naI cIja nahIM hai| ___ isa prakAra pataMjali apAdAna-saMjJA ke sUtra meM prayukta dhruva tathA apAya donoM ko apane vyAvahArika artha meM lekara saba prakAra ke saMbhAvya prayogoM kI vyAkhyA karate haiN| bAda ke vaiyAkaraNoM ne donoM ko pAribhASika artha meM liyA hai| isa dizA meM bhartRhari kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai, kintu unake nAma se aneka kArikAe~, jo apAdAna ke prasaGga meM vaiyAkaraNoM ke dvArA uddhRta kI gayI haiM, vAkyapadIya ke vartamAna saMskaraNa meM nahIM miltii| tathApi unakA apAdAna-vivecana samasta paravartI granthakAroM ke lie pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa se upajIvya rahA hai, isameM saMdeha nhiiN| prastuta dhruvatva ko bhartRhari dravya kA svabhAva arthAt kUTastha yA niSkriya ke artha meM nahIM lete, aisA unheM sUtra kA svArasya pratIta hotA hai| pataMjali kI 'azvatva, AzugAmitva'-prabhRti vyAkhyA se asammati. dikhalAte hue ve apAya ke viSaya ko dhruva mAnate haiM / apAya arthAt pRthak hone kI kriyA ke prati jo sthira ho, apAya kriyA se asaMspRSTa ho tathA usake prati jo udAsIna ho vahI dhruva ho sakatA hai| 'dhAvato'zvAtpatitaH' isa vAkya meM apAyabodhaka kriyA 'patitaH' hai| isakA kartA azva nahIM 1. 'ye tvete'pyantaM gatiyuktAstatra katham / dhAvataH patitastvaramANAtpatita iti' / -bhASya 2, pR0 249 2. 'dravyasvabhAvo na dhrauvyamiti sUtre pratIyate / apAyaviSayaM dhrauvyaM yattu tAvad vivakSitam // -vA0pa0 3 / 7 / 138

Page #282
262 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana hai, pratyuta azva usa kriyA ke prati udAsIna hai| patana-kriyA se anAveza ( sAkSAtsambandha kA abhAva ) rahane ke kAraNa azva kA dhruvatva nirvivAda hai'| navya-vyAkaraNa granthoM meM bhartRhari ke nAma se isa kArikA kA bahudhA uddharaNa diyA gayA hai 'apAye yaduvAsInaM calaM vA yadi vAcalam / pravamevAtadAvezAta tadapAdAnamucyate // isakA udAharaNa dikhalAne ke lie eka pRthak zloka diyA gayA hai 'patato dhruva evAzvo yasmAdazvAtpatatyaso / tasyApyazvasya patane kuDyAdi dhruvamiSyate // ina zlokoM kA bhAva helArAja ne ( vA0pa0 3 / 7 / 138-39 kI vyAkhyA ) to diyA hI hai bhartRhari bhI isase sahamata haiN| abhiprAya yaha hai ki uparyukta krama se vizleSa kriyA ke prati jo udAsIna yA nirapekSa ho, vaha cAhe cala ho yA acala; vahI dhruva hai, kyoMki vaha vizleSa-bodhaka kriyA se sAkSAtsambaddha nahIM hai| isalie dhruva ke do bheda haiM--acala ( vRkSa ) tathA cala / dUsare zloka meM cala dhruva kI hI sodAharaNa vyAkhyA hai / 'kuDyAtpatato'zvAtpatati' ( dIvAra se gira rahe ghor3e se vaha giratA hai )- isa udAharaNa meM vizleSaNa-hetuka do kriyAe~ haiM / 'patati' se bodhya dvitIya patana-kriyA kA kartA koI vyakti hai jo azva para ArUDha hai| jisa azva se vaha vyakti giratA hai vaha isa patana-kriyA ke prati udAsIna hone ke kAraNa dhrava hai| dUsare zabdoM meM vyakti ke patana ke prati azva dhrava hai| kintu vahI azva 'patata:' se bodhya prathama patana-kriyA ke prati kartA hai, dhruva nahIM / isa kriyA ke prati nirapekSa hone se kuDya avazya hI dhruva hai| isa prakAra 'dhruva' kA nirgalita artha huA-vizleSa-hetuka ( patana, saraNa, hAna, bhraMza ityAdi ) kriyA kA prayoga hone para jo padArtha usa kriyA ke prati udAsIna ho, vahI dhruva hai| bhartRhari ne dhruva tathA adhruva kA bheda dikhalAyA hai 'saraNe devadattasya prauvyaM pAte tu vAjinaH / AviSTaM yadapAyena tasyAprauvyaM pracakSate // -vA0pa0 37 / 139 azva meM samaveta saraNa-kriyA ( teja daur3atA ) hone para jisa prakAra devadatta meM dhruvatva hai, kyoMki usa kriyA se vaha aprabhAvita rahatA hai, ThIka usI prakAra devadatta meM samaveta patanakriyA hone para usase aprabhAvita ( anAviSTa ) hone ke kAraNa azva meM bhI dhruvatva hai / 'apAya kA anAveza' dhruva hone kA hetu hai| dUsarI ora jo padArtha apAyAviSTa hai use adhruva kahate haiM / yahA~ yaha smaraNIya hai ki azva ke bhAgane para devadatta ko laukika dRSTi se dhruva bhale hI kaha leM, kintu pAribhASika dhruvatva ke abhAva 1. 'dhruvaM kUTasthaM niSkriyamiti dravyasvabhAvaH / 'dhruvatAzvasya tatrAstyeva' / -helArAja 2, pR0 340

Page #283
apAdAna-kAraka 263 meM use apAdAna-saMjJA nahIM hogii| kAraNa yaha hai ki dhruva hone para bhI avadhi ( jahA~ se vizleSa kA Arambha ho ) ke rUpa meM devadatta kA grahaNa nahIM huA hai| yadi usa rUpa meM grahaNa kareM to 'sarato devadattAd dhAvatyazvaH' isa prakAra apAdAna kI prApti avazya hogii| yaha avadhi hI dhruva ko loka-prayukta artha se haTAkara zAstrIya artha meM vyavasthita karatI hai / tadanusAra yaha vibhAga kI sImA aura apAya se anAviSTa padArtha ke rUpa meM dhruva ko niyata karatI hai / avadhi kA mahattva itanA adhika hai ki isake abhAva meM kisI bhI gati ko apAya kaha hI nahIM sakate / spaSTataH apAya bhI sAvadhi gati mAtra ke lie prayukta hone se pAribhASika zabda siddha hotA hai / 'vRkSasya parNa patati' isa vAkya meM vRkSa se sambaddha parNa kA patana vivakSita hai| vaktA vRkSa ko avadhi ke rUpa meM rakhanA nahIM cAhatA, ataH isameM patana-kriyA hone para bhI avadhi kI avivakSA se apAya kI pratIti nahIM hotii| isalie apAdAna-mUlaka paJcamI bhI nahIM hai / apAya kI vivakSA hone se vRkSa avadhi ho jAyagA aura tabhI 'vRkSAtparNaM patati' kA prayoga ho skegaa| aisI sthiti meM yaha jJAta nahIM hotA ki parNa kisase sambaddha hai-kaMka se thA kurara se ? SaSThIvAle udAharaNa meM vRkSa kI vivakSA parNa ke vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM huI hai- vRkSasambaddha prnn| isakA artha hai ki yaha prayoga tabhI hotA hai jaba zAkhA para sthita parNa vRkSa kA tyAga kiye binA bhUmi kA sparza karatA hai| ataH avadhihIna gati apAya nahIM hotI, anyathA ukta vAkya meM apAdAna-saMjJA ho sakatI thii| dhruva ke paryAya ke rUpa meM prayukta hue 'udAsIna' zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue puruSottamadeva kucha adhika spaSTa pratIta hote haiN| ve kahate haiM ki apAya ke viSaya meM jo avicalatA hai arthAt gamana-kriyA ke prati agamana, patana-kriyA ke prati apatana, vahI dhruva hai| 'dhAvato'zvAtpatati devadattaH' meM devadatta ke girane para azva to nahIM giratA / yadi vaha bhI giratA to 'azvadevadatto patataH' yaha prayoga hotA / patana-kriyA meM anupraveza na hone se azva kI udAsInatA dhruvatva hai| __ aba eka zaMkA hotI hai ki yadi yaha dhruva kriyA ke prati udAsIna hai to kAraka nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki kAraka ghaTanA-rUpa hotA hai aura udAsIna ghaTita nahIM hotaa| usake ghaTita hone para udAsInatA para hI AkSepa hogaa| isakA uttara puruSottama dete 1. 'gativinA tvavadhinA nApAya iti kathyate / vRkSasya parNa patatItyevaM bhASye nidarzitam // -vA0pa0 3 / 7 / 143 2. ukta kArikA para helArAja - 'etasmAccAvasIyate-sAvadhikagatirapAyo, na shuddhaa| anyathAvadhyavivakSAyAmapyatrApAyasambhavAdapAdAnatvaM syAdeveti jJApakametat' / 3. 'dhruvaM na kArakaM manye nopakAri gatau yataH / apAyAdhArabhUto'sau sa kriyazca na kathyate' ||-puru0 kArakacakra, pR0111

Page #284
264 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana haiM ki sabhI kAraka svagata kriyA ke dvArA pradhAna-kriyA ke nimitta banate haiM, yaha sarvasammata satya hai| jisa prakAra pAka-kriyA meM kASThAdi jvalana-kriyA ke dvArA hI nimitta banate haiM usI prakAra 'grAmAd devadattaH Agacchati' isa vAkya meM dhruvarUpa grAma bhI avasthAna-kriyA ke dvArA devadatta ke Agamana ( arthAt pradhAna kriyA ) ke prati nimitta hai| yaha saca hai ki grAma avasthita hai tathApi vaha isa rUpa meM rahakara hI pradhAna kriyA kA nirvartaka hone se kAraka hai| dUsare zabdoM meM grAma apane anAgamana dvArA devadatta ke Agamana kA nimitta hai| sabhI kAryoM kI kucha kAraNa-sAmagrI hotI hai| yahA~ apanI kriyA se udAsIna sAdhana ke dvArA sAdhya hone se apAyarUpa kArya kI yahI kAraNasAmagrI hai| punaH zaMkA hotI hai ki avasthAna jo gatinivRtti ke artha meM AtA hai abhAvarUpa padArtha hai, ise kriyA kaise kaha sakate haiM ? uttara yaha hai ki vaiyAkaraNoM ne dhAtvartha ko hI kriyA mAnA hai, ataH dhAtu se abhihita hone ke kAraNa abhAva bhI kriyA hai; jaise 'nazyati' se abhidheya kriyA abhAvarUpa hI hai / yadi abhAvarUpa kriyA nahIM mAnate to 'avatiSThate' 'nazyati' ityAdi meM akriyArthaka kI dhAtusaMjJA hotI hI nhiiN| udAsIna kA yahA~ artha hai ki Agamana-kriyA ke prati vaha kartA nahIM hai| devadatta jA rahA hai, grAma usakA anugamana nahIM karatA / tathApi vaha apAya kA nimitta to hai hI / apAya eka sambandha hai, jisakI siddhi do sambandhiyoM ke dvArA hotI hai| isa apAya meM eka sambandhI to kriyA meM pravRtta hotA hai ( kartA ), kintu dUsarA pravRtta nahIM hotA ( apAdAna )-isa dUsare sambandhI kI udAsInatA bhI apAya-siddhi meM nimitta hai| dhruva kI udAsInatA kA yahI tAtparya hai| apAya tathA vaizeSika darzana kA vibhAga-vivecana yadyapi apAya zAstrIya artha meM AyA hai kintu vaizeSika-darzana meM svIkRta anyatama guNa-vibhAga se isakI prAyaH paryAyatA hai| apAdAna ke vividha udAharaNoM kI vyAkhyA ke lie isakA paricaya Avazyaka hai / prAptipUrvaka aprApti ko vaizeSika vibhAga kahate haiM, jo vibhakti kI pratIti kA kAraNa hai| kaNAda ne saMyoga ke bhedoM kA hI atideza vibhAga meM kiyA hai / yaha vibhAga pahale do bhAgoM meM ba~TA hai-karmaja tathA vibhAgaja / karmaja vibhAga sambandhiyoM meM se kisI eka ke karma se utpanna ho sakatA hai ( anyatarakarmaja ); jaise-sthANu aura zyena kA vibhAga; donoM ke karmoM se bhI utpanna hotA hai ( ubhayakarmaja ); jaise saMyukta malloM yA meSoM kA vibhAga / vibhAgaja vibhAga 1. 'kasyacitkAryasya kiyatyapi sAmagrI, svakriyodAsInasAdhanasAdhyatvAd apAyasyeyatI saamgrii'| 2. prazastapAdabhASya (caukhambA saM0 ), pR0 67 / 3. draSTavya-'etena vibhAgo vyAkhyAtaH' ( vai0sU0 7 / 2 / 10 ) tathA upaskAra /

Page #285
mapAvAna-kAraka 265 kI siddhi meM vaizeSikoM kA svatantra abhiniveza hai| yaha bhI do prakAra kA hai-- ( ka ) kAraNamAtra se utpanna vibhAga, yathA-do kapAloM ke vibhAga se utpanna kapAla tathA AkAza ( pUrvadeza ) kA vibhAga / ( kha ) kAraNa tathA akAraNa donoM ke vibhAga se utpanna kArya tathA akArya kA vibhAga, yathA--hasta aura pustaka ke vibhAga se utpanna zarIra aura pustaka kA vibhAga / yahA~ zarIra kA kAraNa hasta ( avayava ) tathA akAraNa pustaka hai| ina donoM ke vibhAga se hasta ke kArya ( zarIra ) tathA akArya ( pustaka ) kA vibhAga utpanna huA hai / anyatarakarmaja tathA ubhayakarmaja vibhAgoM meM apAdAna kI sthiti vaizeSikoM ke isa vibhAga-vivecana se paravartI vaiyAkaraNoM kI vyAkhyA atyadhika prabhAvita haI hai| pataJjali anyatarakarmaja vibhAgamAtra ke udAharaNa se santuSTa haiM, kintu bhartRhari ubhayakarmaja vibhAga kI bhI vyAkhyA karate haiM, jisa viSaya meM unakI ye do prasiddha kArikAe~ haiM 'ubhAvapyaghravau meSo yadyapyubhayakarmaje / vibhAge pravibhakte tu kriye tatra vivakSite // meSAntarakriyApekSamavadhitvaM pRthak pRthak / messyoH| svakriyApekSaM kartRtvaM ca pRthak pRthak // ___---vA0pa0 3 / 7 / 140-41 'sthANoH zyeno'pasarpati' ( sUkhe vRkSa se bAja alaga ho rahA hai )--yahAM to anyatarakarmaja vibhAga hai / gamana-rUpa karma kevala bAja meM hai, sthANu meM nhiiN| isalie apAya kA anAveza hone se sthANu ko dhruva kaheMge / kintu 'apasarpato meSAdapasarpati meSaH' ( haTate hue meSa se dUsarA meSa haTatA hai ) isameM ubhayakarmaja vibhAga hai, donoM meSa alaga ho rahe haiM / apAya se sIdhe sambandha hone ke kAraNa donoM meSa yadyapi adhruva haiM tathApi eka ke apAya se dUsare kA anAveza hai / ataH kartRbheda se apAyabodhaka kriyAe~ bhI bhinnarUpa dI gayI haiM / eka meSa ko dUsare meSa kI kriyA kI apekSA se avadhi kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki use meSAntara ke sAtha lagI huI apAya-kriyA AviSTa nahIM karatI / tadanusAra donoM meSa bArI-bArI se apAdAna hoMge / dUsarI ora yadi donoM meSoM kA vicAra apanI kriyA ko dRSTi meM rakhakara kareM to unakA kartatva bhI nivivAda hai| yaha bhI eka-eka karake sambhava hai / abhiprAya yaha hai ki pratyeka meSa kartA aura apAdAna donoM hai / koNDabhaTTa bhI isakA vizleSaNa isI rUpa meM karate haiN| 1. 'dvitve ca pAkajotpattau vibhAge ca vibhAgaje / yasya na skhalitA buddhistaM vai vaizeSikaM viduH' / -sarvadarzanasaM0, pR0 419 ( aulUkya0 ) 2. draSTavya-bhASApariccheda, 120-21 / 3. 'yathA nizcalameSAdapasarad dvitIyameSasthale'pasaradvitIyameSakriyAmAdAyAparasya

Page #286
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana kabhI-kabhI paraspara avadhibhAva kI vivakSA nahIM hotI aura eka zabda kA grahaNa karake donoM meM vidyamAna kriyAoM kI saMyukta rUpa se vivakSA hotI hai; jaise - 'parvatAt meSAvapasarpata:' ( parvata se donoM meSa haTa rahe haiM ) athavA 'parasparasmAt meSAvapasarpata: ' ( donoM meSa eka-dUsare se haTa rahe haiM ) / aisI sthiti ke viSaya meM bhartRhari kahate haiM 266 'abhedena kriyaikA tu dvisAdhyA cedvivakSitA / meSAvapAye kartArau yadyanyo vidyate'vadhiH // - vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 142 dokartAoM dvArA sampAdya kriyA ( meSAvasarpataH ) yadi ekAtmaka rUpa meM pratIta karAyI jA rahI ho to donoM meSoM meM kriyAveza ke kAraNa kartRtva siddha hotA hai / yadyapi aisI sthiti meM apAya ho rahA hai tathApi kisI eka ko bhI avadhi nahIM kahA jA sakatA / isIlie inameM apAdAna kAraka bhI nahIM hai / dhruva ke rUpa meM parvatAdi jaba avadhi haiM taba apAya ke kartA meSa hI rahate haiM / parvata yA paraspara ko dhruvatva ke AdhAra para apAdAnasaMjJA huI hai ( draSTavya - ukta kArikA para helArAja ) / dIkSita tathA kauNDabhaTTa 'parasparasmAnmeSAvapasarpataH' meM pratyeka ko dhruva tathA kartA mAnate haiM ki eka meSa meM vidyamAna gati ko lekara dUsare meSa ko apAdAnatva huA hai / prastuta vAkya ko 'apasarpato meSAdapasarpati meSa:' ke tulya yogakSema samajhakara TAlane kI pravRtti ina donoM meM hai / nAgezabhaTTa ne isIlie apanI laghumaJjUSA meM bhUSaNakAra ke mata kA anuvAda karake prabala khaNDana kiyA hai / kintu ise pUre pariprekSya meM hI dekhanA ThIka hogA / nAgeza dvArA apAdAnatva-nirvacana laghumaJjUSA meM apAdAnatva-zakti kA nirvacana isa prakAra hai - 'prakRtadhAtUpAttavibhAgajanaka - vyApArAnAzrayatve sati prakRtadhAtvarthavibhAgAzrayo yastadvRttiH ' ( pR0 1284-5 ) / jisa dhAtu kA vAkya meM prayoga hotA hai vaha prakRta dhAtu hai; jaise - pat, A + gam apa + sR ityAdi / inameM vibhAga kA artha samAviSTa hai / apAdAna kAraka isa prakAra ke vibhAga ko utpanna karanevAle vyApAra kA Azraya ( AdhAra ) nahIM hotA hai / 'parNaM patati', 'rAmaH Agacchati' ityAdi vAkyoM meM parNa, rAma ityAdi vibhAgajanaka vyApAra ke Azraya haiM, kintu apAdAna aise nahIM hote isalie yaha vizeSaNAMza kartRkAraka meM ativyAptivAraNa ke lie lagAyA gayA hai / apAdAna kA mukhya lakSaNa to vizeSyAMza meM prakaTa huA hai ki prakRta dhAtu ke artha rUpa meM jo vibhAga ho rahA ho usakA Azraya apAdAna hai ( prakRta dhAtvarthavibhAgAzraya ) / kintu vibhAga ke Azraya dhruvatvaM tathAtrApi vibhAgasyaikye'pi kriyAbhedAdekaniSThakriyAmAdAyAparasya dhruvatvam' / - vai0 bhU0, pR0 110 1. 'tathA parasparasmAnmeSAvapasarata ityatra sRdhAtunA gatidvayasyApyupAdAnAt ekameSaniSThAM gatiM pratyaparasyApAdAnatvaM sidhyati' / - za0 kau0 2, pR0 115

Page #287
apAdAna-kAraka 267 to vRkSa aura parNa donoM haiM, ata: ubhayatra samAna rUpa se prasakta honevAle apAdAna kA parNa meM ativyApti-vAraNa ke lie pUrva vizeSaNa lagAyA gayA hai| vastusthiti yaha hai ki pat-dhAtu vRkSa aura parNa meM vibhAga utpanna karatA hai, donoM hI isa vibhAga ke Azraya haiN| kintu parNa vibhAgAzraya hone ke sAtha-sAtha vibhAgajanaka kriyA ( patana ) kA bhI Azraya hai| sArAMzataH parNa vibhAga kA kartA hai, jaba ki vRkSa nahIM / ataH vRkSa vibhAgajanaka vyApAra kA Azraya nahIM hone se apAdAna hai| paramalaghumaJjUSA meM apAdAna-nirvacana kI dUsarI hI prakriyA dekhI jAtI hai'tattatkarta smvet-ttttkriyaajny-prkRtdhaatvvaacyvibhaagaashrytvmpaadaantvm'| 'caitro grAmAdAyAti' meM caitra kartA hai, uttaradezasaMyogAnukUla kriyAe~ ( caraNaprakSepAdi ) usI kartA meM samaveta haiM, kyoMki kriyA aura kriyAvAn meM ayutasiddhi hone ke kAraNa samavAya sambandha hai / ye kriyAe~ vibhAgajanaka haiN| yahA~ prakRta dhAtu ( yA = jAnA ) kA vibhAga ke sAtha vAcya-vAcaka-bhAva nahIM hai, AnA-jAnA vibhAgajanaka hai, kintu usake vAcaka nhiiN| ataH vibhAga ukta kriyAoM se utpanna hone ke sAtha-sAtha dhAtu se avAcya bhI hai| aise hI vibhAga kA Azraya apAdAna hai / hama jAnate haiM ki prakRta dhAtu se vAcya vyApAra kA Azraya kartA hI ho sakatA hai| vaise 'apAdAnamuttarANi kArakANi bAdhante' isa niyama se hI apAdAna kI pravRtti kartA roka detA hai| ___'taruM tyajati khagaH' meM bhI vibhAga kA bodha hotA hai, kintu donoM vibhAgAzrayoM meM koI bhI apAdAna nahIM hai, kyoMki yahAM tyaj-dhAtu kA vAcyArtha hI vibhAga hai| ataH prakRta dhAtu se vAcya vibhAga-vyApAra kA Azraya hone se khaga kartA hai tathA ukta vibhAga-vyApAra kA phalatAvacchedaka sambandha se Azraya hone se taru karma hai| yahAM bhI paratva ke kAraNa karmasaMjJA apAdAna ko bAdhita karegI-yaha yukti denA sambhava hai| isa lakSaNa ke anusAra apAdAna kI anivAryatAe~ isa prakAra haiM (1) vibhAga kA Azraya honaa| (2) vibhAga kI kriyAjanyatA ( vaizeSikAnumodita ) / (3) ukta kriyA kA kartA meM samaveta honA / (4) vibhAga kA prakRta dhAtu se abhidheya na honA / 'parasparasmAnmeSAvapasarataH' meM pratyeka meSa apanI pArI ( turn ) Ane para apAdAna hai / eka ( meSa ) meM samaveta kriyA se utpanna vibhAga kA Azraya dUsarA ( meSa ) hai-yahI 'tattat' kA tAtparya hai / ataeva donoM hI bArI-bArI se apAdAna haiM aura isIlie donoM meSoM ke lie bArI-bArI se prayukta 'paraspara' apAdAna hone ke kAraNa paJcamI grahaNa karatA hai| isake atirikta meSa tathA paraspara-ina donoM zabdoM ke arthoM meM aupAdhika yA kRtrima bheda mAnakara kAraka-vyavasthA kI jAtI hai| 'meSa' pada ke vAcyArtha ke rUpa meM jo do pazu-vizeSa haiM unheM kriyAzraya arthAt kartA mAnane kI vivakSA hai / dUsarI ora 'paraspara' zabda ke vAcyArtha ke rUpa meM jo vahI pazuvizeSa haiM, unakI vibhAgAzrayatva ( apAdAnatva )-vivakSA hai| isa prakAra eka hI padArtha zabdagata

Page #288
268 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana upAdhi ke bheda se bhinna kArakoM meM vyavasthita hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki 'devadattayajJadattAvanyonyamAzliSyataH' meM anyonya- zabda meM karmatva kI siddhi hotI hai ( laghumaJjUSA, pR0 1287 ) / / sarvaprathama ve hari-mata rUpa meM vibhAga kI sattA dUsare meSa- vyakti nAgeza isa viSaya meM bhartRhari ke mata kA khaNDana karate haiM kA isa rUpa meM ullekha karate haiM - eka - eka ( meSa ) vyakti ke buddhigata vyavasthA karake eka-eka vibhAga ke anukUla kriyA kI meM nahIM pAye jAne ke kAraNa donoM ko dhruva kahA jA sakatA hai / Azaya yaha hai ki hari aisI sthiti meM do kriyAoM kI sattA mAnate haiM / nAgeza batalAte haiM ki yadyapi meSoM meM samaveta kriyAoM meM bheda hai, tathApi sR-dhAtu ke dvArA yahI gRhIta ho rahA hai ki donoM kriyAoM meM bheda kI nivRtti ho cukI hai / isalie donoM meSoM ko apasaraNakriyA kA Azraya hone ke kAraNa parivartinI kartRsaMjJA hI dI jA sakatI hai, apAdAnasaMjJA nahIM / sR dhAtu se bodhya kriyA ekAtmaka hai, do ke rUpa meM pratIta honevAlA padArtha vAstava meM kriyA kA Azraya ( meSa ) hai / yaha tas - vibhakti ke dvArA bodhya hai / pataJjali ne isIlie kahA hai ki tiGanta rUpoM kA ekazeSa nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki kriyA eka rUpa hI hotI hai / jisa prakAra 'bAlakazca bAlakazca bAlakau' meM ekazeSa hotA hai, usI prakAra 'apasarati cApasarati cApasarata: ' nahIM ho sakatA / ataH bhartRhari kA yaha kathana ki 'eka kI kriyA kI apekSA se dUsare meSa ko dhruva yA avadhi kaheM' asaMgata hai / vAstava meM donoM kI kriyAe~ to ekarUpa ho gayI haiM / bhartRhari ke anuyAyI bhUSaNakAra ke mata kA bhI khaNDana pradhAnamalla - nibarhaNa nyAya se ho jAtA hai / eka meSa meM samaveta hai, usa isa prakAra 'parasparasmAnmeSAvapasarataH' kI vyAkhyA ke do bhAga haiM - ( 1 ) pratyeka kartA meM ekarUpa kriyA bArI-bArI se samaveta hotI hai / yaha sahI hai ki kriyA eka hI hai kintu vaha jisa samaya samaya usI meSa kI kriyA se vibhAga utpanna hotA hai / bhartRhari donoM meSoM kI do kriyAoM kI yugapat sattA mAnate haiM - yahI bheda hai / ( 2 ) isake atirikta meSa aura paraspara zabdoM ke artha meM aupAdhika bheda hai, yadyapi donoM kA paryavasAna meSa-rUpa artha meM hI hotA hai / isI se eka kartA aura dUsarA apAdAna hai| yaha AzaMkA kI jA sakatI hai ki isa aupAdhika bheda ko hI lekara apAdAna kI siddhi kara dI jAya, vyartha 'tattatkartRsamaveta' yaha aMza kyoM lagAyA gayA hai ? kintu hama pUrva aMza kA sarvathA tyAga nahIM kara sakate, kyoMki 1. 'zabdasvarUpopAdhikRtabhedo'pyarthe gRhyate' / 2. ' tattadvyaktitvena vibhAgasya buddhayA tattadvibhAgAnukUlakriyAvattvasya aparatrAbhAvAdubhayorapi dhruvatvamityarthaH ' / 3. 'vastutastanniSThayorbhede'pi sRdhAtunA nivRttabhedasyaivopAdAnAdubhayorapi tatkriyAzrayatvena paratvAtkartRtvApatteH' / - pa0 la0 ma0, pR0 184 - la0 ma0, pR0 1287 - vahI, pR0 1288 4. bhASya ( 1 / 2 / 64 sarUpANAm 0 ) - ' na vai tiGatAnyekazeSArambhaM prayojayanti, kriyAyA ekatvAt' /

Page #289
apAdAna kAraka 269 'parvatAtpatato'zvAtpatati' meM aupAdhika bheda kucha nahIM kara sakatA, apAdAnatva-siddhi kA bhAra pUrva aMza para hI hai / eka hI padArtha vibhinna padArthoM ke samparka se bArI-bArI se kartA aura apAdAna donoM haiM -- parvata ke apAdAnatva kI sthiti meM azva kartA hai aura azva ke apAdAnatva kI dazA meM azvavAha kartA hai / zAstrIya zailI meM kaheMge ki azva meM samaveta kriyA se janya tathA prakRta dhAtu ke avAcya rUpa vibhAga kA Azraya hone se parvata apAdAna hai / dUsarI ora azvavAha meM samaveta kriyA se janya tathA prakRta dhAtu ke avAcyarUpa vibhAga kA Azraya hone se azva bhI apAdAna hai' / -- 'prakRta dhAtvartha' kA tAtparya dhAtugata zabda se gRhIta artha nahIM, pratyuta nAgeza vivakSita artha ko dhAtvartha mAna rahe haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki 'dhanuSA vidhyati' meM apAdAna-saMjJA ko roka kara karaNa-saMjJA hotI hai / vAstava meM yahA~ do kriyAe~ haiM( 1 ) dhanuSa se bANa kA niHsaraNa tathA ( 2 ) bANa dvArA lakSya kA vedha | 'vidhyati' meM jo 'vyadha-dhAtu' hai usakA yahA~ vivakSita artha hai - niHsaraNajanya vedha | yadi bANaniHsaraNa para dRSTi rakhate haiM to dhanuSa avadhi ( dhruva ) ho jAyagA, kintu yadi vyadhanakriyA para dhyAna deM to vaha karaNa ho jAtA hai / isa prakAra vivakSitArthaM kA hI grahaNa karane se donoM kArakoM kI upasthiti nimitta rUpa meM ho pAtI hai tathA vipratiSedha-paribhASA ko apanI zakti dikhalAne kA avasara milatA hai / yadi kevala zabdopAtta artha kA grahaNa karate to asaMgati hotI, kyoMki dhanuSa se to kisI kA vedha nahIM ho sakatA / naiyAyikoM ke vibhAgAzrayatva mata kA khaNDana nAgeza apane pUrvavartI vaiyAkaraNoM ke atirikta navya-nyAya meM bhI tatkAla pracalita apAdAnatva-nirvacana kA nirasana karate haiM / unake vivecana kA pUrvapakSa nyAyamata kA sArAMza detA hai / naiyAyika vibhAga ko paMcamyartha mAnakara prakRti-pratyaya ke arthoM ke saMsarga ko AzrayatA kahate haiN| vibhAga kA isa prakAra janyajanakabhAva se dhAtvartha meM anvaya hotA hai / yaha sArAMza vastutaH naiyAyikoM ke 'vibhAgAzrayatvamapAdAnatvam' ke vizleSaNa para Azrita hai / gadAdhara paMcamI meM zaktidvaya mAnate hue kahate haiM ki 'vRkSAtparNa patati' meM jo prakRtyartha vRkSa hai usakA bheda tathA vibhAga donoM meM AdheyatAsambandha se anvaya hotA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM- AdhArarUpa vRkSa ke Adheya rUpa meM bheda tathA vibhAga donoM hI haiM / gadAdhara ke vivecana ko nAgeza saralatama zabdoM meM rakhate haiM / gadAdhara Age calakara kahate haiM ki vibhAga tathA janakatva donoM hI paMcamyartha haiM, jo 1. pa0 la0 ma0 ( jyotsnA ), pR0 185 / 2. la0 ma0, pR0 1289 / 3. tulanIya ( kArakacakra, pR0 63 ) - 'parakIya kriyAjanyavibhAgAzrayatvam' / tathA - ( vyu0 vA0, pR0 252 ) - ( svaniSTha bhedapratiyogitAvacchedakIbhUta-kriyAjanyavibhAgAzrayatvam' / 19 saM0

Page #290
270 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana paraspara anusyUta haiM / vibhAga ke prati prakRtyartha kA sambandha 'avadhika' rUpa meM rahatA hai; yathA-vRkSAvadhika / isI sambandha ke dvArA prakRtyartha se viziSTa vibhAga kA anvaya janakatva meM hotA hai ( vyutpattivAda, pR0 252-53 ) / paMcamyartha ke rUpa meM vibhAgajanakatva ko bhI aMgIkAra karate hue gadAdhara ukta vAkya kA zAbdabodha karAte haiM- 'vRkSaniSThabhedapratiyogitAvacchedaka-tanniSTha-vibhAgajanaka-patanAzrayaH parNam' (vhiiN)| isa prakAra avadhi kI sattA mAnate hue bhI naiyAyikoM meM vibhAga tathA Azraya ko apAdAna-paMcamI kA artha mAnane kA paryApta abhiniveza hai| dUsarI ora kauNDabhaTTa bhI vibhAga aura Azraya ko paMcamyartha mAnate haiM / donoM pratipakSiyoM kI samAna sthiti hone se inake khaNDana meM nAgeza ko suvidhA hai| vibhAga ko paMcamyartha mAnane meM sAdhAraNa anubhava se hI virodha hotA hai| hameM 'vRkSApAdAnaka' bodha hotA hai, 'vRkSavibhAgaka' nhiiN| dUsarI Apatti yaha hai ki 'vRkSAd vibhajate' meM vibhAga ke bodha kI AvRtti hogI-paMcamyartha tathA dhAtvartha donoM hI vibhAga haiM / isa prakAra punarukti-doSa hogA / jaba kevala apAdAna ko paMcamyartha mAnakara sabhI kAryoM ko suvyavasthita kiyA jA sakatA hai taba vibhAga aura Azraya donoM ko yaha kAryabhAra samarpita karanA ardhajaratIyanyAya se nirarthaka hai| isake atirikta yadi naiyAyikasammata vibhAga ko paMcamyartha mAneM to prakRtyartha aura vibhaktyartha bhinnAzraya ho jAyeMge tathA bar3e parizrama se inake bIca siddha kiyA gayA naiyAyikoM kA hI abhedAnvaya agrAhya ho jAyagA / yahI kAraNa hai ki vibhAga aura Azraya, vibhAga aura janaka ityAdi ke rUpa meM nyAya meM svIkRta paMcamyartha asaMgata hai| 'vRkSAtparNa patati' meM abhedAnvaya kI prakriyA dikhalAyI jA sakatI hai| yahAM patdhAra kA artha hai-vibhAga se utpanna honevAlA saMyoga / pUrvadeza se vibhAga hokara usase uttaradeza-saMyoga utpanna hotA hai / paMcamyartha vibhAga kA vizeSaNa hai tathA prakRtyartha pratyayArya kA vizeSaNa hai / isa prakAra 'vRkSarUpApAdAnaka-vibhAga' aisA bodha hotA hai / pUre vAkya kA vaiyAkaraNa-mata se zAbdabodha hogA-'apAdAnavRkSIya-parNakartRkaM patanam' (la0 m0)| __nAgeza isI prakAra apAdAna ke vibhinna udAharaNoM meM dhAtvartha kA pradarzana karate haiM-kahIM saMketamAtra aura kahIM pUrNa rUpa se zAbdabodha dekara / udAharaNArtha --- 'vRkSAd bhUmi parNaM patati' meM bhI pat-dhAtu kA artha hai-vibhAga se utpanna honevAlA saMyogAnukUla vyApAra / kintu yahA~ vibhAga phalatA kA bhI avacchedaka ( nirNAyaka ) hai arthAta vibhAga se bhUmi ko phala bhI prApta ho rahA hai ki parNa ke sAtha usakA saMyoga ho rahA hai / hama dekha cuke haiM ki phalatAvacchedaka sambandha se vibhAgAzraya banane vAlA kAraka karma hai| 1. 'tasmAduktAvadhitvAntargatavyApArAMzasya lAbhAdAzrayo vibhAgazcArtha ityaadypoym'| -bai0 bhU0, pR0 111

Page #291
apAdAna-kAraka 271 'vRkSaM tyajati' kA saMketa kiyA jA cukA hai| yahA~ vibhAga hone para bhI vRkSa ko isIlie karma-kAraka huA hai ki dhAtvartha hI hai-vibhAgAnukUla vyApAra / apAdAna ke lie vibhAgajanya saMyoga artha caahie| kevala eka kI sattA se kAraka-vyatyaya ho jaaygaa| mahAbhASya ke 'vRkSasya parNa patati' kI vyAkhyA meM isIlie nAgeza kahate haiM ki yahA~ pat-dhAtu kA artha kevala saMyogAnukUla vyApAra hai, ataH apAdAna nahIM huA ( udyota 2, pR0 247 ) / yahI kAraNa hai ki 'vRkSaM tyajati' meM kevala vibhAgavyApAra hone se vibhAgAzraya ko karmasaMjJA ho gayI hai| tyaj-dhAtu kA sarvatra vahI artha ho, yaha koI niyama nhiiN| 'vRkSAtphalaM tyajati' meM hI isakA artha vibhAgajanya saMyoga ke anukUla vyApAra hai / isIlie apAdAna ho sakA hai| kintu isase yaha artha nahIM nikalatA ki 'vRkSAtspandate' bhI zuddha prayoga hai| yahA~ spanda vibhAga kA vAcaka hI nahIM hai / ataeva nAgeza ke mata se isakA zuddha rUpa hogA-vRkSe spandate / 'AsanAccalitaH' ke prayoga ke AdhAra para cal-dhAtu kA artha avazya hI vibhAga se sambaddha hai| 'vRkSAd vibhajate' meM dhAtu kA artha hai-vibhAgajanya pUrvadezasaMyoga kA nAza / yaha apAdAnatva kA prayojaka hai / isI rUpa meM 'javena pIThAdudatiSThadacyutaH' ( zizu0 vadha 1 / 12) meM ut + sthAdhAtu kA bhI artha vahI hai| apAdAna-viSayaka anya sthala apAdAna ke pramukha sUtra ke atirikta anya sAta sUtroM meM pANini ne isa kAraka kA nirdeza kiyA hai| prathama sUtra ke antargata kAtyAyana ne eka vArtika bhI diyA hai'jugupsAvirAmapramAdArthAnAmupasaMkhyAnam' / prathama do muniyoM ke anusAra ye sabhI svatantra vidhAna haiM, kintu pataJjali inakA antarbhAva 'dhruvamapAye'pAdAnam' meM hI buddhikalpita apAya mAnakara karate haiM / trimuni ke isa matabheda se vyAkaraNa-zAstra ke itihAsa meM do mata ho gye| jinendra, cAndra, haima, saupadmAdi / sampradAyoM meM jahA~ pataJjali kA anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai vahIM kAzikA, sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa, saMkSiptasAra, mugdhabodha, sArasvata tathA harinAmAmRta meM pANini-kAtyAyana ke mata kA samarthana huA hai| kAtantra tathA jainazabdAnuzAsana meM yadyapi pANini ke mata kA sAkSAt virodha nahIM hai, tathApi ina sUtroM ko ziSyabuddhi ke vikAsa ke lie mAnA gayA hai| ise hI prapaJca bhI kahate haiM ( 'tadetatsarvaM prapaJcamAtram / na ca prapaJce gurulAghavaM cintyate' ) / pANinIya vaiyAkaraNoM meM bhartRhari tathA unake TIkAkAra helArAja,2 bhaTTojidIkSita' ityAdi isa prapaJcamata ke samarthaka haiN| navya-naiyAyikoM ko aura nAgeza ko to apane-apane apAdAna lakSaNoM para itanI AsthA hai ki ve unhIM ke antargata sabhI udAharaNoM kA samAveza kara lete haiN| isI pRSThabhUmi meM ina niyamoM kI vyAkhyA apekSaNIya hai| 1. gurupada hAldAra, vyA0 da0 iti0, pR0 314 / 2. 'sarvatra pUrveNaivApAdAnasaMjJAyAmuttaro vidhiH prapaJcArthaH / lakSaNaprapaJcAbhyAM hi vyaakrnnm'| bA0pa0 3171147 tathA helArAja 3. 'evamuttarasUtreSvapi prapatya bodhyam' / -pA0 ko. 2, pR0 118

Page #292
272 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana kAtyAyana ke ukta vArtika kA artha hai ki jugupsA ( ghRNA ), virAma tathA pramAda ke artha meM bhI avadhibhUta kAraka ko apAdAna kahate haiN| jaise-adharmAjjugupsate ( adharma se ghRNA karatA hai ), dharmAdviramati ( dharma se nivRtta hotA hai ), dharmAt pramAdyati ( dharma se anavahita rahatA hai ) / vArtikakAra ko saMzleSapUrvaka vizleSa ko apAya mAnanA abhipreta hai| ina sthitiyoM meM koI aisA ( vAstavika ) apAya nahIM hai / isIlie isa vArtika kI AvazyakatA hai| yadi buddhikalpita apAya kA grahaNa karate haiM to vaha gauNa hai arthAt vAstavika apAya ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai ( udyota ) / bhASyakAra ne dUsare upasaMkhyAnoM kI bhI AvazyakatA batalAyI hai; yathA-'sAMkAzyakebhyaH pATaliputrakA abhirUpatarAH' ( sAMkAzyavAsiyoM kI apekSA pATaliputra ke nivAsI adhika sundara haiM ) / kintu yadi isI taraha upasaMkhyAna karate raheM to kitane hI sthaloM ke udAharaNoM ke lie hameM ananta niyama banAne pdd'eNge| ___ isI Anantya-doSa se bacane ke lie pataJjali buddhikalpita yA gauNa apAya ko yojanA karate haiM / 'adharmAjjugupsate, viramati, bIbhatsate' ityAdi udAharaNoM kA artha hai ki jo manuSya dUradarzI ( prekSApUrvaka yA soca-vicAra kara kAma karanevAlA ) hai vaha socatA hai ki adharma duHkha kA srota hai, ataH usase hAni hai, lAbha nhiiN| vaha isa vicAra ke bauddhika samparka meM Akara usa adharma se alaga ho jAtA hai, ataH vahAM mukhya sUtra se hI buddhikRta apAya mAnate hue adharma ko dhruva ( udAsIna ) samajha kara apAdAna kI vyavasthA ho sakatI hai| yahI bAta 'dharmAd viramati, pramAdyati' ke sAtha hai / jo vyakti sambhinna buddhi kA ( = nAstika, jisakI buddhi dharma-adharma donoM meM samAna rahatI hai ) hai, vaha socatA hai ki dharma nAmaka koI aisA padArtha nahIM jisakA sampAdana kira jAya / yahI samajha kara vaha nivRtta ho jAtA hai| vArtika ke udAra raNoM kI vyAkhyA meM nAgeza kA navyanyAya se spaSTa matabheda hai / 'ajjuigupsate' meM bhavAnanda ke anusAra paJcabhI kA artha karmatva hai aura dhAtvartha hai nindA / phalasvarUpa 'adharma nindati' ke rUpa meM isakA artha-paryavasAna hotA hai ( kArakacakra, pR0 74 ) / dUsarI ora nAgeza 'jugupsA' kA artha karate haiM-aniSTasAdhanatA ke jJAna ke rUpa meM nindA ( la0 ma0, pR0 1291) / paJcamI-vibhakti kA artha hai viSayatA / jise viSaya banAkara jugupsAdi vivakSita ho vahI apAdAna hai / yadi usI viSaya kI kriyAjanaka kAraka ke rUpa meM vivakSA nahIM ho, pratyuta sambandhI ke rUpa meM kahanA abhipreta ho to 'pApasya jugupsate' aisA prayoga ho sakatA hai / isa udAharaNa kA nAgeza-sammata artha hai-aniSTasAdhanatA kA jJAna rakhate hue koI vyakti adharma se nivRtta hotA hai / pataJjali kA bhI yahI mata hai / karmatva ( bhavAnanda ) tathA 1. "jugupsAdInAM yaviSayakatvena vivakSA tadapAdAnam / tasyaiva biSayasya..... sambandhitvena ca vivakSAyAM pApasya jugupsate' iti SaSThI bhavatyeva satyabhidhAne" / -la0 za0 ze0, pR0 452

Page #293
273 viSayatva ( nAgeza ) kI antataH sadRza pariNati hone para bhI nAgeza kA vizleSaNa adhika mahattvapUrNa hai / 'dharmAd viramati' meM dhAtu kA artha hai - prAgabhAva kI sAdhAraNa kRti ke abhAva ke anukUla vyApAra ( la0 ma0, pR0 1292 ) / virAma niSedha rUpa vyApAra hai, jisameM kRti ( prayatna ) kA abhAva rahatA hai / utpatti ke pUrva jisa prakAra kArya kA abhAva rahatA hai ( asatkAryavAdiyoM ke anusAra ), usI prakAra dharmajJAna ke pUrva nAstika meM bhI dharma ke prati kRtyabhAva hotA hai ki dharma koI vastu nahIM / vaha usake prati utsAhahInatA dikhalAtA hai, nivRtta ho jAtA hai / yahA~ anukUlatA kA tAtparya lenA cAhie ki yaha jIvikA - nirvAha ( yogakSema ) ke sadRza vyApAra hai / yaha vyApAra dharma ke viSaya meM hai arthAt eka prakAra kI AkAMkSA hai / dharma se nAstika ko yoga kSema siddha hotA nahIM pratIta hotA, isalie vaha nivRtta ho jAtA hai / pataJjali ke vivecana ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue hI navyazailI meM yaha vizleSaNa nAgeza ne kiyA hai / virAma ke artha ke viSaya meM naiyAyikoM ke mata kI nAgeza ne kar3I AlocanA kI hai / naiyAyika loga kRti ke asamAnAdhikaraNa ( bhinnAzrayI ) kRtidhvaMsa ko, jo jIvanavyApI ho, virAma kahate haiM / tadanusAra ve 'caitro dharmAd viramati' kA zAbdabodha karate haiM - 'svajIvanakAlAvacchinno dharmaviSaya kRtya samAnAdhikaraNakRtidhvaMsaH caitravRttiH " / yahA~ kRti ko sarvatra eka hI viSaya se saMyukta mAnanA cAhie - caitra kI kRti ho to bAla, yuvA, vRddha ina sabhI dazAoM meM vaha kRti caitra se saMyukta mAnI jAyagI / jIvana kA bhI artha hai - kartA se sambaddha jIvana / punaH yahA~ eka hI sAtha uccarita ( samabhivyAhRta ) hue kartRpada se bodhita honevAle zarIra ( piMNDa ) ke sajAtIya zarIra ke AdhAra para samAnAdhikaraNa kI kalpanA hotI hai / caitrAdi kartRpadoM se zarIra viziSTa AtmA kA to bodha hotA hI hai, zarIra kA bhI bodha hotA hai / sajAtIyatA kA grahaNa caitrAdipadoM ke dvArA lAye gaye ( upasthApita ) caitratvAdi jAti ke AdhAra para hI karanA cAhie / virAma-zabda ke isa naiyAyika artha ke anusAra - bhaviSyatkAla meM dehAntara pAkara koI dharmAcaraNa bhale hI kare kintu usake vartamAna zarIra se sambaddha antima kRti-dhvaMsa ke AdhAra para 'dharmAd viramati' isa prayoga kI siddhi hotI hai / yaha virati jIvanabhara calatI rahegI / kRtidhvaMsa tathA kRti donoM asamAnAdhikaraNa haiM / apAdAna kAraka naiyAyikoM ke mata meM tIna pramukha doSa haiM - ( 1 ) yuvaka hone para yadi koI vyakti dharma karane lage to usake bAlazarIra se sambaddha kRtidhvaMsa ke AdhAra para 'viramati' kA prayoga nahIM ho sakegA, kyoMki kRtidhvaMsa aura kRti eka hI zarIra se sambaddha ( samAnAdhikaraNa ) hai / ( 2 ) pUrvakAla meM tathA parakAla meM dharmAcaraNa karane para bhI yadi madhyakAla meM alpAvadhi meM ka e dharma para nahIM calatA to yahAM bhI 'viramati' kA prayoga nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki jisa rIra meM kRtidhvaMsa hai usI meM kRti bhI hai ( virAma N 1. la0 ma0, ( kalA ) pR0 1293 /

Page #294
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana donoM ke asamAnAdhikaraNa hone para hotA hai) / ( 3 ) 'dharmAdvirato'pi punaH pravRttaH ' aise prayoga bhI isIlie nahIM ho sakeMge / inase bacane kA upAya nAgeza kI virativyAkhyA hai, jisameM kSaNika, sthAyI sabhI prakAra kI viratiyA~ samAviSTa haiM / 1 'dharmAtpramAdyati' meM pra + mad-dhAtu kA artha hai iSTasAdhanarUpa padArtha ( dharmaM ) meM samAna deza aura samAna kAla-- ina donoM sambandhoM se adhikAra - viziSTa iSTasAdhanatA ke abhAva kA jJAna / athavA saMkSepa meM kaha sakate haiM ki aniSTa sAdhanatA kA jJAna hI yahA~ dhAtvartha hai | jJAna se anvita honevAlI viSayatA paMcamI kA artha hai / vaise pUre vArtika kA hI isa dRSTi se artha hogA - jugupsAdi kI vivakSA jise viSayIbhUta banAkara kI jAya vaha bhI apAdAna hotA hai / pataJjali ne 'sAMkAzyakebhyaH pATaliputrakA abhirUpatarAH' yaha udAharaNa bhI bauddha apAya ke pradarzanArtha diyA hai / yaha vAkya usI ke dvArA prayukta hotA hai jo vyakti pahale se hI sAMkAzya tathA pATaliputra ke nivAsiyoM ke samAna guNoM kA jJAna rakhatA hai aura aba prakarSa kA Azraya lekara eka ko pRthak karake kucha kahanA cAhatA hai / yahA~ gamyamAna kriyA kA AkSepa karake kArakatva kI vyavasthA hotI hai / ise apAdAna ke tIna bhedoM meM anyatama - apekSitakriya - mAnate haiM / kaiyaTa ne isa udAharaNa kI vyAkhyA meM tInoM bhedoM kA varNana kiyA hai ( khaNDa 2, pR0 248 ) / apAdAna ke bheda apAdAna ke bhedoM kA pracAra paravartI sUtroM ko prapaMca mAnane vAloM ne kiyA hai / ve sabhI prakAra ke apAdAnoM ko ina tIna bhedoM meM hI gatArtha karate haiM - nirdiSTaviSaya, upAttaviSaya tathA apekSitakriya / inakA sarvaprathama ullekha vAkyapadIya ( 3 / 7 / 136 ) meM huA hai| aba hama kramazaH inakA nirUpaNa kareM / ( ka ) nirdiSTaviSaya apAdAna - jahA~ dhAtu ke dvArA sAkSAt vibhAga kA nirdeza ho vahA~ isI prakAra kA apAdAna hotA hai / isameM apadAna kA viSaya ( apAya ) apane zabda se ( svadhAtu dvArA ) vyakta kiyA jAtA hai; jaise -- ' grAmAdAgacchati, parvatAdavarohati azvAtpatati' / ina udAharaNoM meM svavAkya meM prayukta dhAtu ke hI dvArA vizleSa prakaTa ho rahA hai nAgeza ke mata meM 'ghaTAdbhinna:' meM bhI isI prakAra kA apAdAna hai, kyoMki sUtragata apAya - zabda kA artha 'bheda' bhI hai| jisa prakAra 'paJcamI vibhakte ( pA0 2 / 3 / 42 ) meM vibhakta kA artha bheda hai usI prakAra jaba kabhI bhI bhedamUlaka sambandha abhivyakta karane kI icchA vaktA meM ho to ghaTagata bheda bhI usakA viSayakSetra bana sakatA hai / dhAtupATha meM jo 'bhidir vidAraNe' par3hA gayA hai vahA~ vidAraNa / 274 1. draSTavya - (ka) 'yatra dhAtunApAyalakSaNo viSayo nirdiSTaH ' / - udyota, pR0 248 (kha) 'yatra sAkSAdadhAnA gatirnirdizyate tannirdiSTaviSayam' / - jai0 bhU0, pR0 111

Page #295
apAdAna-kAraka 275 bhedajJAna kA bhI viSaya hai| kahane kA artha hai ki vidAraNa se bhautika tathA bauddhika donoM prakAra ke bheda vyakta hote haiN| 'ghaTAdbhinnaH' meM bauddhika bheda se apAdAna huA haiN| ekatva ke rUpa meM yadi vastu kA grahaNa kiyA jAya tathA bhautika dRSTi se bhedajJAna nahIM ho to bhI isa bauddhika bheda kA Azraya lekara apAdAnatva-vyavasthA kI jA sakatI hai / bhinna zabda ke hI paryAya 'anya' ke sAtha apAdAna nahIM hotA, kyoMki 'ghaTAdanyaH' meM koI kriyA isake kArakatva kA samarthana karane ke lie nahIM hai / isIlie kriyA ke abhAva meM 'ghaTa: paTo na' meM bhI paMcamI nahIM hotii| natra kA artha bhedAtmaka rahane para bhI vaha kriyArUpa nahIM hai| 'ghaTAdanyaH' ko to 'anyArAditara0' (pA0 2 / 3 / 26 ) se upapadarUpa paMcamI-vibhakti kI prApti bhI ho jAtI hai, 'ghaTa: paTo na' meM vaisA bhI kucha nahIM hai| (kha ) upAttaviSaya apAdAna-jahA~ vAkyagata dhAtu aise svArtha ko prakaTa kare jo dUsare dhAtu ke artha kA aMga ho vahA~ upAttaviSaya apAdAna hotA hai| dUsare dhAtu kA artha pradhAna bhI ho jA sakatA hai aura gauNa bhI / yathA-'balAhakAd vidyotate' ( megha se jyoti camakatI hai ) / dyut-dhAtu kA artha hai vidyotana ( camakanA) / yaha niHsaraNakriyA kA aMga hai arthAt megha se nikala kara jyoti camakatI hai ( balAhakAnniHsRtya jyotirvidyotate )-yaha artha nikalatA hai| isa prakAra niHsaraNa-kriyA mukhya ho gayI hai ( kyoMki isI para apAdAna Azrita hai ) aura vidyotana-kriyA gauNa hai| helArAja ina vidyotana kI avAntara kriyAoM kA paraspara aMgAMgibhAva mAnate haiN| yA to niHsaraNa ke aMga ke rUpa meM vidyotana hai ( Upara kI taraha ) yA vidyotana ke aMga ke rUpa meM niHsaraNa hai ( balAhakAd vidyotamAnaM jyoti: niHsarati ) / isI artha meM vidyut-dhAtu kA prayoga hai| isa prakAra niHsaraNa para Azrita apAya vidyotanakriyA kI pradhAna yA gauNa dazA meM upAtta hotA hai| nAgeza isa kriyA kA artha lete haiM--vibhAgajanya saMyoga ke anukUla kriyA ke rUpa meM niHsaraNa ke pazcAt vidyotanavyApAra / isalie ukta prayoga kA zAbdabodha bhI isI dRSTi se kiyA jA sakatA hai'balAhakApAdAnaka-vibhAgajanya-saMyogAnukUla-kriyottarakAlikaM vidyutkartRkaM vidyotanam / ( la0 ma0, pR0 1290) megha meM dhUma, jyoti, salila tathA vAyu kA saMghAta hai / jaba kisI vyakti ko megha ke avayavarUpa jyoti ke bheda kI vivakSA hotI hai to isameM vibhAga vivakSita hone se megha avadhi bana jAtA hai / punaH yadi megha jyoti ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM vivikSita ho to 1. tulanIya-la0 ma0, pR0 1291 / 2. la0 za0 ze0, pR0 456 / 3. 'upAttaH kriyAntarasya guNabhAvena pradhAnabhAvena vA yatrApAyalakSaNo vissystdupaattvissym'| -helArAja 3, pR0 338 4. 'atra hi niHsaraNAGge vidyotane, vidyotanAGge vA niHsaraNe vidyutirvartate iti niHsaraNalakSaNo'pAyo vidyotanasya guNapradhAnabhAvenopAttaH /

Page #296
276 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana 'balAha ke vidyotate' isa rUpa meM adhikaraNa - saptamI bhI hotI hai / anta meM, yadi koI megha aura jyoti kI abheda-vivakSA kare ki jyotiHsvarUpa ( tejomaya ) hone ke kAraNa isameM prakAzana kI sAmarthya hai tathA jalAdi aGgIbhUta padArtha isa prakAzana ke pratibandhaka ke rUpa meM vivakSita na hoM taba 'balAhako vidyotate' aisA prayoga hotA hai / yahA~ kriyA kA svAdhIna Azraya hone kI pUrNa kSamatA megha meM vidyamAna hai / ( nAgeza, vahIM ) / 1 isa apAdAna ke dUsare udAharaNa haiM- kusUlAtpacati ( koThI se nikAla kara pakAtA hai ) / yahA~ pac-dhAtu kA artha hai AdAna kA aGgabhUta pAka / AdAna-kriyA pradhAna hai jo sIdhe apAya se sambaddha hai - kusUlAdAdAya pacati / isI prakAra 'brAhmaNAt zaMsati' meM zaMs-dhAtu kA artha grahaNa - kriyA kA aMga hai, isalie artha hai - 'brAhmaNAd gRhItvA zaMsati / pataJjali ise upAttaviSaya apAdAna ke rUpa meM lete haiM, jabaki kAtyAyana 'brAhmaNAcchaMsI' zabda meM dvitIyA ke artha meM paMcamI mAnakara usakA aluk karate haiN| ( ga ) apekSitakriya apAdAna -- jahA~ kriyApada zrutigocara nahIM ho pratyuta pratIyamAna ho vahA~ apAya ke viSaya ko apekSitakriya apAdAna kahate haiM / kriyA kI pratIti vAkya zrUyamANa padoM se hI hotI hai / jaise- 'sAMkAzyakebhyaH pATaliputrakAH abhirUpatarAH' / yahA~ 'vibhaktA:' isa kriyApada kI pratIti hotI hai / prakarSa kI pratIti hone ke kAraNa yahA~ vibhAga kA hetu hai 'sAMkAzyaka' / ataH apAya kA bodha karAnevAlI apakarSaNa-kriyA anumita hotI hai ( helArAja, pR0 339 ) / upAttaviSaya apAdAna meM dhAtu ke dvArA hI apAya sUcita hotA hai, jaba ki yahA~ kriyA apekSita yA pratIyamAna hotI hai / isa apAdAna ke viSaya meM dIkSita ( za0 kau, 117 ), kauNDabhaTTa ( vai0 bhU0, 111 ) tathA nAgeza ( la0 ma0, pR0 1290 ) tInoM samAna lakSaNa aura udAharaNa dete haiM - kisI ke pratyakSa Agamana ko mana meM rakhakara koI se ( kuto bhavAn ) ? isakA uttara hotA hai - pATaliputra se / donoM vAkyoM meM Agamana-kriyA apekSita hai| kisI anivArya viSaya kA upAdAna nahIM hone se AkAMkSA pUchatA hai Apa kahA~ 1. 'brAhmaNAni granthavizeSarUpANi yaH zaMsati sa kathyate brAhmaNAcchaMsIti vRttiviSaye'tra dvitIyArthe paJcamI vaktavyA / bhASyakArastu brAhmaNAd gRhItvA AhRtya zaMsatItyAharaNAGge zaMsane zaM sarvartate ityupAttaviSayametadapAdAnaM manyate ' / - helA0 3, pR0 338-39 bhASya ( 6 / 3 / 2 ) 2. 'yatra kriyAvAci padaM na zrUyate, kevalaM kriyA pratIyate' / 3. tulanIya - 'buddhayA samIhitaikatvAnpaJcAlAnkurubhiryadA / punarvibhajate vaktA tadApAyaH pratIyate' || -- kaiyaTa 2, pR0 248 - vA0 pa0 3 / 74

Page #297
apAdAna-kAraka 277 hotI hai / yahA~ isI akAMkSA se prerita hokara kriyA kA adhyAhAra kiyA jAtA hai| kAraka-vibhakti kI prApti to gamyamAna kriyA ke bhI AdhAra para hotI hai, ata: kArakatva ke uccheda kI zaMkA nahIM karanI caahie| apAdAna-saMjJA ke anya sUtra (1) bhItrArthAnAM bhayahetuH ( 1 / 4 / 25 )-sUtra meM 'bhI' aura 'trA' zabda inhIM dhAtuoM se kvip-pratyaya lagAkara banAye gaye haiM / isalie artha huA ki bhaya tathA trANa ke artha meM honevAle dhAtuoM ke yoga meM bhaya-hetu kAraka apAdAna hotA hai| yathA'vRkebhyo bibheti, caurebhyaH trAyate' / isa viSaya meM bhASyakAra kahate haiM ki vicAra kara kAma karanevAlA vyakti dekhatA hai ki yadi bher3iyA yA cora use dekha le to nizcaya hI vaha mArA jaaygaa| yahI socakara vaha nivRtta hotA hai| dUsare udAharaNa meM prekSApUrvakArI suhRt socatA hai ki yadi mere mitra ko cora dekha leMge to mAra DAleMge yA bandhanAdi kaSTa deMge / isIlie vaha apane mitra ko nivRtta karatA hai| kayaTa yahA~ upAttaviSaya apAdAna mAnate haiM, kyoMki bhaya-kriyA nivRtti-kriyA kA aMga hai-caurAd bibheti = caurAnnivartate / bhaya kA artha hai-AkulIbhAva ( kaiyaTa ), aniSTasambhAvanA ( gadAdhara ) athavA aniSTajJAna ( nAgeza ) / vaiyAkaraNa-mata se bodha hogA-'caurApAdAnaka aniSTajJAna tathA anisstt-prihaar'| prathama bhayArthaka tathA dvitIya trANArthaka hai| ina donoM ke arthoM meM aniSTa kA bodha hone se 'bhayahetu' kA artha aniSTa-hetu yA aniSTajanaka mAnanA upayukta hai| kintu prazna hai ki jaba bhaya kA artha aniSTajJAna hai to bhaya-hetu ko aniSTa-hetu kaise kaha sakate haiM ? adhika-se-adhika hama aniSTa jJAna ke hetu ko bhayahetu kA artha kheN| isa zaMkA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue nAgeza bhayahetu kA artha karate haiM-bhaya ke ekadeza kA aniSTa-hetu honA / aisI sthiti meM bhaya ke sabhI prakAroM meM-cAhe AMzika bhaya ho yA pUrNa-bhayahetu kI saMgati ho sakatI hai| gadAdhara aniSTa-sambhAvanA kI sthiti meM apAdAna kI vyavasthA sarvatra karate haiN| zatru ke bhrama se yadi mitra se aniSTa-sambhAvanA prasakta ho to 'mitrAd bibheti' kahane meM koI Apatti nahIM / aniSTa sarvatra anugata du:kha ke artha meM liyA jAtA hai / kabhIkabhI kisI padArtha se utpanna honevAlA duHkha sabhI vyaktiyoM meM prasiddha nahIM hotA; jaise-sarpa, kA~Te ityAdi se utpanna honevAle duHkha se koI anabhijJa bhI raha sakatA hai / isa sthiti meM apane (anubhavI vyakti ke) anubhava ke AdhAra para bhaya yA trANa kA prayoga karake paJcamI-vibhakti vyavasthita ho sakatI hai / nAgeza bhI yahI kahate haiM ki jisase utpanna honevAlA bhaya lokaprasiddha nahIM ho usameM apAdAnAzrita paJcamI nahIM ho 1. 'yajjanyaM duHkhaM kasyApi na prasiddhyati tAdazasyAhikaNTakAderyadyapAdAnatvamiSyate tadA tanniSThasvaduHkhopadhAyaka-vyApAra-virahAnukUlavyApArastadapAdAnakaM svakarmakaM rakSaNamiti vaktavyam / -vyu0 vA0, pR0 255-56

Page #298
278 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana sakatI, kintu aisA prayoga yadi abhISTa hI ho to usa para hetutva kA Aropa kiyA jA sakatA hai; jaise- 'kaNTakAd bibheti' / smaraNIya hai ki bhaya kI lokaprasiddhi dezakAlApekSa hai| Aropa kA Azraya lekara hI to 'antarikSeNa juhoti' 'paramANuM na pazyati' ityAdi prayoga saMgata hote haiM, anyathA asambhava padArthoM kA bodha athavA niSedha karanA asaMgata hai| mahAbhASya meM jo bhayapUrvaka yA trANapUrvaka nivRtti ke artha meM ina dhAtuoM ko liyA gayA hai vaha nAgeza ko bhI mAnya hai| isIlie laghumaMjUSA meM zAbdabodha karAte hue nAgeza isa tathya kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhate haiM-(1) 'buddhiprAptacaurApAdAnikA pratyAsattyA tadbhayapUrvikA nivRttiH' / (2) 'buddhi prAptacaurApAdAnikA pratyAsattyAniSTaparihAraphalikA nivRttiH' / coroM ke bIca meM rahane para bhI yadi unake samparka ke phalasvarUpa honevAle bandhana, vadhAdi se nivRtta ho to coroM se hI nivRtti samajhI jaaygii| isa prakAra bhaya ke ekadeza ko bhI bhaya kahakara 'bhayahetu' kI vyavasthA hotI hai| vAlmIki ne 'kasya bibhyati devAzca jAtaroSasya saMyuge' ( vA0 rA0 1 / 1 / 4 ) prayoga kiyA hai| yahA~ zeSavivakSA yA apAdAnatva kI avivakSA se SaSThI kA samarthana kiyA jA sakatA hai, kintu dIkSita yahA~ 'kasya saMyuge' kA anvaya karake bhayahetu kI samasyA hI samApta kara dete haiM ( za0 kau0 2, pR0 118 ) / saMyuga meM bhI apAdAna kI zaMkA nahIM karanI cAhie, kyoMki paratva ke kAraNa adhikaraNa apAdAna kA bAdhaka hogaa| (2) parAjerasoDhaH (1 / 4 / 26 )-parA-pUrvaka ji-dhAtu ke prayoga meM jo padArtha asahya ke rUpa meM vivakSita ho use apAdAna kahate haiM / 'asoDha' kI vyutpatti hainan + saha+kta / 'parA+ji' kA prayoga prAya: abhibhava ke artha meM AtA hai; yathA'zatrUnparAjayate' / kintu yahA~ yaha asahiSNutA ke artha meM liyA jA rahA hai, yaha 'asoDha' ke prayoga se dhvanita hotA hai / yathA-'adhyayanAtparAjayate' ( adhyayana asahya hai, jisase vaha pichar3a rahA hai)| isa sthiti meM ( parAsta honA, hAra mAnanA ) yaha dhAtu akarmaka hai / isIlie ise nyUnIbhAva ( kaiyaTa ) tathA zaktivaikalya ke artha meM liyA gayA hai| pataJjali isa udAharaNa kI vyAkhyA meM kahate haiM ki vivekI puruSa adhyayana ko duHkhada aura durdhara samajhatA hai, gurujanoM kA vaha ThIka se upacAra nahIM kara pAtA / aisA socakara vaha usase nivRtta ( pRthak ) ho jAtA hai| ata: bauddha apAya mAnakara pramukha sUtra meM hI isakA antarbhAva ho sakatA hai| yaha isalie upAttaviSaya apAdAna hai ki 'parA+ji' se bodhya parAjaya-kriyA nivRtti-kriyA kA aMga hai| zaktivaikalya ke kAraNa vaha vyakti adhyayana se nivRtta ho rahA hai| ___ 'asoDha' zabda meM kta-pratyaya yadyapi bhUtakAlika hai tathApi kAla yahA~ avivakSita hai| isalie anya kAloM meM bhI isake udAharaNa ho sakate haiM; yathA-'adhyayanAtparAjeSyate' / dIkSita 'asoDha' zabda ko vyartha samajhate haiM, kyoMki isakA prayojana jo 'zatrUn

Page #299
279 parAjayate' meM paMcamI kA vAraNa karanA hai vaha anyathA bhI ( paratva ke kAraNa karmasaMjJA ke dvArA apAdAnasaMjJA kA bAdha hone se ) siddha ho jAtA hai / isakA samAdhAna jJAnendra sarasvatI karate haiM ki jahA~ karmatva kI vivakSA nahIM hogI, vahA~ zeSa SaSThI ko rokakara paMcamI prApta ho sakatI thI / isake vAraNArtha 'asoDha' kI upasthiti sUtra meM anivArya hai / apAdAna kAraka nAgeza navyanyAya kI vizleSaNa-paddhati svIkAra kara ina sArI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna atyanta sUkSmekSikA se prastuta karate haiM / ukta udAharaNa meM dhAtu kA artha hai - kRti ( prayatna ) kI asAdhyatA ke jJAna ke samAnAdhikaraNa tadviSayaka ( adhyayana ke viSaya meM) utsAha kA abhAva / jisa vyakti ko adhyayana kI asAdhyatA kA jJAna hai, usI meM adhyayana ke prati utsAha kA abhAva bhI hai / viSaya hI yahA~ apAdAna hai arthAt parAjaya ( asahyatA ) adhyayana ko viSaya banAkara ho rahI hai, yaha apAdAna hai / isa mata se zAbdabodha isa rUpa meM hogA -- ' adhyayanApAdAnako devadattakartRka utsAhAbhAvaH' / nAgeza prakArAntara se 'tatpUrvaka nivRtti' ke rUpa meM dhAtvartha mAnate haiM / Azaya yaha hai ki utsAhAbhAva ke anantara viSaya se nivRtta ho jAnA yahA~ dhAtvartha hai / yaha bhASyakAra ke mata kA samarthana hai, jaba ki pUrva prakAra sUtrakAra ke mata se sambaddha hai / 'zatrUnparA - jayate' meM dhAtu kA vahI artha nahIM hai jo yahA~ hai / isameM parAjaya kA artha hai - tiraskAra ke anukUla ( janaka ) vyApAra / yahI kAraNa hai ki, phala aura vyApAra kA Azraya bhinna hone se kriyA yahA~ sakarmaka hai, vyApArAzraya kartA tathA phalAzraya ( zatR ) karma hai / naiyAyikoM ne pUrva udAharaNa meM aniSTa ko dhAtvartha mAnA hai / tadanusAra zAbdabodha hotA hai - adhyayana se utpanna hone vAlA aniSTa / nAgeza isakA pratyAkhyAna karate haiM ki - (1) hameM isa prakAra ke bodha kA anubhava nahIM hotA - adhyayana se aniSTa ho rahA hai yaha jAnakara koI usase bhAge, aisA bodha nahIM dekhate haiM / ( 2 ) puna: 'asoDha' zabda se isa naiyAyika sammata artha kI prApti nahIM hotI / pataMjali ne to yahA~ taka kahA hai ki vyakti apane mana meM hI adhyayana kI asAdhyatA tathA durdharatA kA vicAra karake usase dUra ho jAtA hai; isa prakAra adhyayana ke sarvathA apravRtta rahane ( prArambha nahIM hone ) para bhI aisA prayoga ho sakatA hai / ( 3 ) anta meM, jo adhyayana Arambha bhI nahIM huA hai (asat hai ) vaha bhI aniSTa utpanna karane lagegA / kAryaM utpanna karane ke lie kAraNa kI sattA Avazyaka hotI hai / prakRta udAharaNa meM asat adhyayana se aniSTa kI prApti kA prasaMga ho jAne se yaha nyAya-mata bhrAmaka hai / ( 3 ) vAraNArthAnAmIpsitaH ( 1/4/27 ) - vAraNArthaka dhAtuoM ke prayoga meM 1. 'vastutastu asoDhagrahaNaM vyartham, zatrUnparAjayate ityatra paratvAtkarmasaMjJAsiddheH' / - za0 kau0 2, pR0 118 2. tattvabodhinI, pR0 453 /

Page #300
280 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana kriyA ke dvArA jise prApta karane kI icchA kI jAya vaha bhI apAdAna hai / jaise'yavebhyo gAM vArayati' ( jau ke kheta meM jAne se gAya ko rokatA hai ) / yahA~ gau ke vAraNa kA artha hai usakI pravRtti kA vighAta karanA / pataMjali 'mASebhyo gAM vArayati' yaha udAharaNa dekara Ipsita kI vyAkhyA karate haiM / jisa vyakti ke pAsa mASa ( ur3ada ) ho, gAya nahIM - usa vyakti ko mASa Ipsita ho sakate haiM, kintu jisake pAsa kevala gAya hai, mASa nahIM - usake lie to gAya hI Ipsita hai / usa vyakti ko mASa kaise Ipsita ho sakate haiM ? kintu vAstava meM use bhI mASa Ipsita hI hai, cUMki vaha gAyoM kA usase vAraNa karatA hai ataH mASa usakA Ipsita to hai hI / sthiti yaha hai ki vAraNa kriyA ke dvArA parakIya hone para bhI mASoM ko vAraNakartA Ipsita samajhatA hai| ki inakA nAza na ho| isIlie apanI gAyoM ko vaha unase alaga karatA hai' / abhiprAya yaha hai ki yahA~ 'Ipsita' kA artha hai 'jise vAraNa kriyA ke dvArA prApta karanA abhISTa ho' / isI AdhAra para bhASyakAra 'kUpAdandhaM vArayati' meM kUpa ko Ipsita siddha karate haiM / vAraNakartA yaha dekhatA hai ki kahIM andhA kUpa meM na jA par3e, ataH vAraNa - kriyA kA Ipsita kUpa hI hai| jisa prakAra gAyoM ke vAraNa meM zasya - vinAza ko dhyAna meM rakhakara socA jAtA hai ki kahIM gAyeM mASa ke khetoM meM na calI jAya~ usI prakAra yahA~ andhe ke vinAza ko dhyAna meM rakhA jAtA hai / bhASyakAra prakArAntara se bhI kUpa ko Ipsita siddha karate haiM / tadanusAra vAraNakartA ko kUpa Ipsita nahIM, andhe ko hai / vAstava meM yaha vyAkhyA sUtra kA artha spaSTa karatI hai ki vAraNa kriyA ke karma kA Ipsita apAdAna hotA hai / andhe ko kucha dikhalAyI nahIM par3atA, isalie use jaise kUpetara sthAna Ipsita hai, vaise hI kUpa bhI hai / use kyA patA ki vaha kUpa meM jA rahA hai ki sar3aka para donoM hI usake lie samAna rUpa se Ipsita hai / 'agnermANavakaM vArayati' meM mANavaka ( karma ) ko Ipsita hone ke kAraNa apAdAna kI prApti kA prasaMga hone para kaha sakate haiM ki karmasaMjJA paravartinI hone ke kAraNa apAdAna ko roka legI / kintu aisI sthiti meM agni meM bhI to apAdAna kA bAdha ho jAyagA / isase bacane ke lie sujhAva diyA gayA hai ki karma kA jo Ipsita ho athavA Ipsita kA bhI Ipsita ho vahI apAdAna hai - aisA lakSaNa kareM / kAtyAyana isa saMkaTa se bacAte haiM ki aisI sthiti nahIM A sakatI, kyoMki karma ke lakSaNa meM 1. " tatra vAraNakriyayA parakIyA api mASA vArayitumiSTA bhavanti, 'mA nazannete' ityetebhyo'sau gA vArayati" / -- kaiyaTa 2, pR0 251 2. 'Ipsita ityanena karmaNA kartRmAtrasyAkSepAnnivAryamANasyAndhasya gamanAdikriyayA kUpa AptumiSTo bhavatIti pravartate'pAdAnasaMjJA' / - kaiyaTa 2, pRSTha 251 3. 'tasmAd vaktavyam - karmaNo yadIpsitamiti / Ipsitepsitamiti vA' / 1 - mahAbhASya, khaMDa 2, pR0 252

Page #301
apAdAna-kAraka 281 'Ipsitatama' kA prayoga hai / vahA~ prakarSa-vivakSA hai / karmasaMjJA kA avakAza vAraNArthabhinna dhAtuoM meM hai, apAdAna kA avakAza prakarSahIna Ipsita padArtha meM hai / jahA~ donoM prasakta hoM taba vahA~ Ipsitatama meM paratva ke kAraNa karmasaMjJA hI hotI hai / anta meM bhASyakAra isa sUtra ko 'dhruva'-sUtra ke antargata rakhate hue kahate haiM ki vivekI puruSa vicAra karatA hai ki ye gAyeM yadi khetoM meM ghusa jAya~gI to zasya-vinAza hogA, jisase adharma aura rAjadaMDa donoM mileMge / yahI socakara vaha inheM mASoM ke samparka meM Ane ke pUrva hI pRthak kara detA hai| yahA~ bhI nivRtti kA aMga vAraNakriyA hai| aba hama nAgeza kI cintana-prakriyA se ina udAharaNoM kA vizleSaNa dekheM / 'yavebhyo gAM vArayati, agnermANavakaM vArayati, kUpAdandhaM vArayati'-- ina tInoM meM kriyA kA artha hai-bhakSaNa, saMyogAdi phaloM ko utpanna karane vAle vyApAra ke abhAva ke anukUla vyApAra ( la0 za0 ze0, pR0 453 ) / prathama udAharaNa meM gAyoM ke dvArA yava-bhakSaNa honA phala hai, ise utpanna karane vAle vyApAra kA ( jaise gAyoM kA nirvighna jAne denA yA usI ora prerita karanA ) abhAva jisa rUpa meM bhI ho, aise vyApAra ( kArya ) kA hI bodha 'vArayati' se hotA hai| anya udAharaNoM meM 'saMyoga' ( agni-saMyoga, kRpasaMyoga ) phala ke rUpa meM haiM / ise utpanna karane vAle vyApAra ke abhAva ke yogya vyApAra ko yahA~ dhAtvartha lenA cAhie / anya phaloM ke lie bhI. avakAza rakhane ke lie 'Adi' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| ___abhAva ke pratiyogI vyApAra se utpanna hone vAle phala kA Azraya yahAM Ipsita (apAdAna ) hai / vAraNa-kriyA vyApAra se utpanna bhakSaNa tathA saMyoga-rUpa phala yathAzakti yava, agni tathA kUpa meM nihita haiN| ina phaloM ke ve Azraya haiM, isIlie nAgeza ke anusAra vAraNArtha-dhAtu ke artha ke phala kA Azraya hI Ipsita hai ( la0 ma., pR0 1295) / Ipsita-zabda se pradhAna athavA apradhAna donoM meM se kisI eka ke vyApArAzrayamAtra kA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai / karma ke lakSaNa meM tamap-pratyaya kA grahaNa hone se prakRta dhAtvartha ke phalAzraya kA bodha hotA hai ( la0 za0 ze0, pR0 454 ) / 'vArayati' kA artha dene meM nAgeza 'anukUla vyApAra' kA prayoga karate haiN| isa anukUla kA artha hai ki vaha aisA karane meM sarvathA samartha hai ( anukUlatA= yogyatA ) / isakA phala yaha huA ki pratiSiddha hone para bhI gAya jaba jau ke paudhoM ko khAtI hI jAtI hai, mAnatI nahIM taba bhI aisA prayoga ho sakatA hai- 'ayaM vArayati, tathApi na nivartate' / yahAM bhakSaNa-janaka vyApAra kA sarvathA abhAva nahIM ho rahA hai tathApi vyApAra kA abhAva lAne kI yogyatA to vAraNakartA meM hai hI, isI AdhAra para yaha prayoga huA hai| isI prakAra jaba gAya ne caranA Arambha nahIM kiyA ho usa samaya bhI usakA vAraNa ( apravRtta-vAraNa ) karane meM yaha prayoga samarthita ho sakatA hai| nAgeza kI yaha vyAkhyA aneka zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna karake sabhI udAharaNoM kA samAveza kara sakatI 1. kayaTa 2, pR0 252 /

Page #302
282 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kAraka tasvAnuzIlana hai / tathApi 'kUpAdandhaM vArayati' ke viSaya meM ve alaga se kahate haiM ki abhimukha- deza meM gamana karane ke kAraNa kUpa-patana andhe kA icchA-viSaya Ipsita ) hai | andhA usa dizA meM bar3hatA jAtA hai aura yadyapi udhara sthita kUpa kI sattA kA use patA nahIM hai tathApi kUpa - patana meM pariNata hone vAlA usakA 'usa dizA meM calate jAnA' hI icchA kA viSaya hai / sArAMza yaha hai ki sAdhana ( gamana ) abhISTa hai to tatsambaddha sAdhya yA phala ( kUpa-patana ) bhI abhISTa hI hai / yahA~ nAgeza ke pUrvavartI gadAdhara kA kahanA hai ki yadyapi kUpa-gamana icchA-viSaya nahIM banAyA jA sakatA, kyoMki jJAna ho jAne para andhA kabhI udhara jA hI nahIM sakatA, tathApi abhimukha- deza meM gamana ke kAraNa kUpa-gamana bhI icchA viSaya hai / antataH kUpAdi- deza meM andhe kI kriyA se utpanna saMyoga icchA kA viSaya hotA hai / yahA~ taka donoM meM matasAmya hai (vyu0 vA0, pR0 256 ) | kintu isI ke AdhAra para gadAdhara ne jo 'mitraM viSAd vArayati' kI vyAkhyA kI hai vaha nAgeza ko amAnya hai / gadAdhara kahate haiM ki jahA~ caitrAdi puruSa apane bhojana se abhinna rUpa meM viSa khA rahe hoM (anna viSa-mizrita ho ), apanI icchA se kevala viSa nahIM khAe~ to aise sthAnoM meM isa bhojana vyApAra ko rokane vAle kartA kA yaha prayoga nahIM hotA - viSAd vArayati / zuddha prayoga hogA -- 'saviSAd bhojanAt vArayati / prathama prayoga ke nivAraNArthaM hI sUtrakAra ne 'Ipsita' meM san pratyaya kA prayoga kiyA hai / saviSa anna meM anna icchAviSaya hai, viSa nahIM / AtmahatyA ke atirikta kabhI bhI viSa icchA viSaya nahIM hotA / AtmahatyA kA sthala yahA~ nahIM hai ' / gadAdhara kI dhAraNA bhramamUlaka hai, kyoMki jisa prakAra abhimukha deza gamana ke kAraNa kUpagamana Ipsita hai usI prakAra bhakSya ke rUpa meM pratIyamAna hone ke kAraNa viSa bhI icchA kA viSaya ho sakatA hai / bhale hI viSa viSarUpa meM icchAviSaya na ho, kintu bhakSyarUpa meM ( bhakSya se mizrita hone ke kAraNa ) to vaha avazya hI icchA kA viSaya hai / ataeva 'viSAd vArayati' prayoga karane meM koI Apatti nahIM / yahA~ smaraNIya hai ki jaba jIvana se Uba kara koI vyakti svecchA se AtmaghAta ke uddezya se zuddha viSa kA bhakSaNa karatA ho taba viSa avazya hI Ipsita hai aura isake vAraNa meM gadAdhara ko bhI 'viSAd vArayati' ke prayoga para Apatti nahIM hogI / ( 4 ) antadhau yenAdarzanamicchati ( 1/4/28 ) - antadhi kA artha hai - vyavadhAna, chipanA / yadi vyavadhAna kA artha ho to jisa kartA ke dvArA apane darzana kA niSedha koI puruSa cAhatA hai use ( kartA ko ) bhI apAdAna kahate haiM / 'yena' zabda meM kartari - 1. "yatra caitrAdernAntarIyakatayA viSabhojanAdikaM, na tu svecchAtastatra taMdbhojanavirodhavyApArakartari 'caitraM viSAd vArayati' iti na prayogaH, apitu 'saviSAd vArayati' ityAdireva / tatra pUrva prayogavAraNAya sUtrakRtA Ipsita ityanena sampratyayenecchopAdAnAt" / - vyu0 vA0, pR0 257 2. la0 ma0 pu0 1296 /

Page #303
apAdAna-kAraka 283 tRtIyA hai| 'kartRkarmaNoH kRti' (pA0 2 / 3 / 65 ) se kRdyoga meM ( dRz + lyuT = darzanam ) SaSThI kI prApti hone para 'ubhayaprAptau karmaNi' (2 / 3 / 66 ) se kevala karma meM hI ( kartA meM nahIM ) yaha hotI hai| dIkSita kI isa vyAkhyA se nAgeza sahamata nahIM, kyoMki pichale sUtra kI pravRtti vahIM hotI hai jahA~ kartA aura karma donoM kA vAstavika prayoga huA ho / udyota ( pR0 252 ) meM isalie nAgeza 'yena' meM sautrI ( sUtramAtra meM siddha ) tRtIyA mAnate haiM / tadanusAra artha hotA hai ki vyavadhAna ke lie jise kartA banAkara, apane ko karma ke rUpa meM rakhate hue adarzana cAhatA ho vaha apAdAna hai ( 'antadhinimittakaM yatkartRkamAtmakarmakamadarzanamicchati tadapAdAnam'-udyota ) / yathA'upAdhyAyAdantardhatte / mAtunilIyate kRSNaH' / upAdhyAya ( kartA ) ke dvArA vaha ( karma ) dekhA na jAya, isalie vaha tirobhUta hotA hai| isI prakAra mAtA ( kartA ) kRSNa ( karma ) ko dekha na le, isI uddezya se kRSNa chipa jAte haiM / pataJjali ise bhI bauddha apAya ke antargata rakhate hue kahate haiM ki ziSya pahale se vicAra karatA hai ki yadi upAdhyAya use dekha leMge to koI kAryabhAra de deMge athavA upAlambhana ( DA~TanA ) hI Arambha kara deM-isI se vaha nivRtta ho jAtA hai| dIkSita isa sUtra meM 'icchati' kA prayojana batalAte haiN| jaba adarzana kI icchA vidyamAna ho aura usake anukUla kArya bhI kiyA jA rahA ho, kintu daivavaza darzana ho jAyeM, aisI sthiti meM bhI ye prayoga hote haiM, kyoMki darzana hone para bhI adarzana kI icchA to mana meM hai hii| yadi 'icchati' kA prayoga sUtrakAra nahIM karate to kevala darzanAbhAva ke sthala meM hI aise prayoga ho sakate the, darzana hone kI dazA meM nahIM / 'bhAtunilIyate' ityAdi udAharaNoM meM icchA kA bodha AkSepa se hotA hai / 'caurAnna didRkSate' (coroM ko dekhanA nahIM cAhatA) yahA~ antadhi (vyavadhAna) kI sattA na hone se apAdAna nahIM huA hai / tathApi zabdakaustubha meM 'antadhi' ko cintya-prayojana batalAte hue isakA tiraskAra kiyA gayA hai ki ukta udAharaNa meM paratva ke kAraNa karmasaMjJA upapanna ho jAtI hai, antadhi kI koI AvazyakatA nhiiN| kintu jJAnendra sarasvatI isakI anivAryatA vyakta karate haiM ki 'cora mujhe dekha na leM' isI uddezya se vaha coroM ko dekhanA nahIM cAhatA, yahI artha vivakSita hai / aba karma ( caurAn ) meM yadi karmatvavivakSA nahIM ho, pratyuta zeSatva kI vivakSA ho to usase utpanna SaSThI ko rokakara yahA~ isa antadhi-vihIna sUtra se paJcamI ho jaaygii| isake vAraNArtha 'antadhi' kA prayoga Avazyaka hai| ataH antadhi-bodha ke abhAva meM 'caurAnna didRkSate' kA prayoga hotA hai| ___ nAgeza ke anusAra ni+ lIG-dhAtu ( nilIyate ) kA artha hai-svakarmaka darzanAbhAva kI prayojikA deza-vizeSa meM sthiti arthAt apane-Apa ko dikhalAyI nahIM par3ane dene ke 1. tulanIya-( za0 kau0 2, pR0 119 tathA la0 za0 ze0, pR0 454 ) 'adarzanecchayA tadanukalavyApArakaraNe daivavazAt darzane satyapItyarthaH / anyathA yatra darzanAbhAva eva tatraiva syAditi bhAvaH' /

Page #304
284 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kAraka tasvAnuzIlana lie kisI nibhRta sthAna meM avasthita rahanA / dhAtvartha meM prayukta darzana vyApAra kA kartA hI yahA~ apAdAna hai aura usI se adarzana ke lie nivRtta honA dhAtu kA artha hai / ataH zAbdabodha meM mAtR-prabhRti zabdoM kA apAdAna ke rUpa meM anvaya hogA - yaha bhASyakAra kA bhI mata hai / darzana vyApAra ke prati 'mAtA' kartA hai, yaha jJAna pratyAsatti ( sambandha ) se prApta hotA hai / (5) AkhyAtopayoge ( 1/4/29 ) - AkhyAtA pratipAdana karane vAlA / upayoga = niyamapUrvaka vidyA- grahaNa krnaa| chAtra kI ora se jaba vidyAgrahaNa kI pravRtti pradarzita hotI hai tabhI niyama kI sArthakatA hai / ata: jaba niyamapUrvaka vidyA- svIkAra sAdhya ho, aisI kriyA cala rahI ho taba AkhyAtA ko apAdAna kAraka kahate haiM / jaise - 'upAdhyAyAdadhIte' / yahA~ chAtra ke dvArA niyamapUrvaka vidyAgrahaNa kA artha to hai hI, grahaNa - kriyA sAdhya arthAt uddezya ke rUpa meM bhI vivakSita hai / grantha ke zabdoM tathA arthoM ke dhAraNArtha jo grahaNa kiyA jAtA vAstava meM vahI upayoga hai / yadi upayoga nahIM hotA ho to 'naTasya gAthAM zRNoti' kI taraha apAdAna kI prApti nahIM hogI / yahA~ kAtyAyana prazna karate haiM ki anupayoga kI sthiti meM yaha AkhyAtA kAraka rahegA yA akAraka ? ( 1 ) yadi kAraka rahatA hai to akathita rahane se karmatva prasakta hogA / ( 2 ) yadi vaha akAraka rahatA hai to upayoga-zabda nirarthaka ho jAyagA, kyoMki kArakatvAbhAva kaha dene se hI 'naTasya' meM apAdAnatva kI aprApti ho jAyagI / upayoga ke abhAva meM apAdAna - nivAraNa kA prazna hI nahIM uThegA / bhASyakAra karmasaMjJA kI prasakti kA pratyAkhyAna karate haiM ki akathita karma ke dhAtu parigaNita haiM / yaducchA se akathita vyapadeza nahIM hotA / phala yaha huA ki anupayoga kI sthiti meM 'naTasya ' ( gAthAM ) zRNoti' yaha prayoga nirbhrAnta hai / pataJjali yahA~ bhI bauddha apAya kI upapatti karate haiM ki upAdhyAya se adhyayana . ke vAkya alaga ( apakrAnta ) hote haiM / aba prazna hotA hai ki vRkSa se phala ke apAya ke samAna yahA~ bhI upAdhyAya se vAkyoM kA Atyantika apAya kyoM nahIM hotA ? bAta yaha hai ki upAdhyAya ke mukha se zabdoM ke rUpa meM vicAra satata pravAhita hote haiM / zabda- vyaMjaka dhvaniyA~ AcArya ke mukha se puna: puna: utpanna hotI haiM / ve bhinnarUpa hone para bhI sAdRzya ke kAraNa tattvataH pahacAna lI jAtI haiM tathA zrotA ke zrotrapradeza meM puna: puna: ( avirala gati se ) jAkara vyaktisphoTa ke rUpa meM zabda kA abhivyaJjana karatI haiM / eka dUsarA uttara bhI ho sakatA hai ki jJAna jyoti ke sadRza hote haiM / jaise jvAlA ke rUpa meM avicchinna utpanna honevAlI jyoti sAdRzya ke kAraNa satata pratIta hotI hai usI prakAra AcArya ke vibhinna jJAna bhI bhinnarUpa zabdoM meM nikalate hue bhI satata pratIta hote haiM / isalie Atyantika apAya kI samasyA nahIM uThatI, kyoMki yahA~ dhArApravAha nyAya se apAya hotA hai / isa sthala para kaiyaTa tathA nAgeza donoM ne hI apanI TIkAoM meM dArzanika cintana tathA pANDitya kA prakarSa pradarzita kiyA hai / laghumaJjUSA meM nAgeza ' adhIte' kriyA kA artha karate haiM--uccAraNa ke anantara =

Page #305
apAdAna-kAraka 285 honevAlA niyamapUrvaka granthasvIkAra ke anukUla vyApAra / uccAraNa kA Azraya yahA~ apAdAna hai / artha hotA hai ki vaha ( ziSya ) upAdhyAya ke mukha se nikalate hue grantha kA adhyayana karatA hai| yahA~ 'naTasya zRNoti' ke rUpa meM jo atiprasaMga hotA hai use anabhidhAna ( vidvAnoM kI asvIkRti ) kA Azraya lekara dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai| ( udyota 2, pR0 254) (6) janikaH prakRtiH (1 / 4 / 30 )- jani = utpatti ( jan + iN ) / janeH kartA =janikartA ( SaSThItatpuruSa ) / isakA artha hai jAyamAna padArtha, kyoMki vahI jananakriyA kA kartA hai| janma lene vAle padArtha kI prakRti ko apAdAna kahate haiM; yathA'gomayAt vRzciko jAyate, brahmaNaH prajAH prajAyante, putrAtpramodo jAyate' / pataJjali yahA~ bhI prakRti se tattat padArthoM ke apakramaNa ke kAraNa apAya mAnate haiN| sAtha hI Atyantika apAya nahIM hone kA kAraNa ve sAtatya athavA vibhinna rUpoM meM honevAle prAdurbhAva ko samajhate haiN| prakRti-zabda kA artha vivAdAspada rahatA hai| eka ora kAzikAkAra, bhaTTojidIkSita tathA gadAdhara ise kAraNamAtra ke artha meM lete haiM, jaba ki dUsarI ora bhASyakAra, kaiyaTa tathA nAgeza ise kevala upAdAna-kAraNa ke artha meM svIkAra karate haiN| 'brahmaNaH prajAH prajAyante' ubhayaniSTha udAharaNa hai| sAmAnyatayA hiraNyagarbha ( brahmA ) sRSTi kA hetu hai, upAdAna nhiiN| kintu advaitavedAnta ke anusAra mAyArUpa upAdhi se yukta ( upahita ) caitanya brahma hai, jo samasta kAryoM kA upAdAna hai / tadanusAra samasta jagat brahmarUpa upAdAna kA vivarta hai| hetu yA kAraNa ke artha meM 'prakRti' zabda kA grahaNa karanevAloM kI yukti hai ki 'putrAtpramodo jAyate' ityAdi udAharaNoM meM jo prastuta sUtra se apAdAna-saMjJA hokara paJcamI hotI hai vaha upAdAna-kAraNa meM nahIM / putra pramoda kA upAdAna kAraNa nahIM hai / ataeva prakRti kA artha samavAyi, asamavAyi tathA nimitta-ina tInoM kAraNoM ko mAnanA cAhie, kevala prathama ko nahIM / gadAdhara prakRti ke vikAritva artha kA khaNDana karate hue kahate haiM ki jina padArthoM meM prakRti-vikRtibhAva nahIM ho vahAM bhI paJcamI dekhate haiM; yathA-'prAkkekayIto bharatastato'bhUt' / putra kA zarIra mAtA-pitA ke zarIra kA vikAra nahIM hotA, pratyuta unake zukra-zoNitAdi se nirmita hotA hai| ye yadyapi zarIra meM hI rahate haiM tathApi mala-mUtrAdi ke samAna ye bhI zarIra ke avayava nahIM hai| yaha zaMkA nahIM karanI cAhie ki 'mRtpiNDAd ghaTo jAyate' ityAdi udAharaNoM meM apAdAna-paJcamI na hokara hetu-paJcamI hai / hetu-paJcamI kI pravRtti astrIliMga guNavAcaka zabdoM se hotI hai, mRtpiNDa to guNavAcaka pada nahIM hai| ataH isameM apAdAna-paJcamI hI hai ( vyu0 vA0, pR0 257 ) / 1. 'zukrazoNitAdeH zarIrasthatve'pi malamUtrAderiva zarIrAvayavatvAbhAvAt' / -dhyu0 vA0, pR. 257

Page #306
286 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana ___ gadAdhara yadyapi 'dugdhAd dadhi jAyate, mRdo ghaTo jAyate' prabhRti udAharaNoM meM samavAyikAraNa meM hI prakRti kI vyavasthA karate haiM tathApi siddhAntataH ve kahate haiM-'tasmAkAraNatvameva prakRtitvam' / isIlie 'daNDAd ghaTo jAyate' ityAdi iSTa-prayoga upapanna hote haiM, jahA~ daNDa ghaTa kA nimitta kAraNa hai / yahI sthiti 'yato dravyaM guNAH karma tathA jAtiH parAparA' meM hai, jahA~ 'yataH' kA artha 'IzvarAt' hai / inakI prakRti ke rUpa meM Izvara nimitta-kAraNatA kA Azraya lekara siddha hai / prakRti kA artha upAdAna kAraNa mAnanevAle nAgeza kahate haiM ki 'brahmaNaH prajAH prajAyante' se isa prakAra bodha hotA hai- 'brahmApAdAnikA prajAkartRkotpattiH (prajA brahma se nikalatI huI utpanna hotI hai ) / niHsaraNa kA artha lokavyavahAra para avalambita hai, kyoMki vyavahAra meM vastu jisase utpanna hotI hai vaha usI se nirgata ke rUpa meM prayukta hotI hai / bhASyakAra ke mata meM yaha vyavahAra upAdAna kAraNa kA hI viSaya hai / 'putrAtpramodo jAyate' meM pratyakSataH upAdAna kAraNa nahIM hai, kintu upAdAnatva kA nirvAha usakA Aropa karake nAgeza karate haiN| saMkSepa meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki 'prakRti' kA mukhya artha haiM-samavAyi yA upAdAna kAraNa, kintu Aropa ke dvArA hama dUsare kAraNoM meM bhI isakA nirvAha kara sakate haiM ( la0 ma0, pR0 1297 ) / uparyukta tathya kI siddhi ke lie dUsarI yuktiyA~ bhI dI gayI haiN| 'mRdo ghaTo jAyate, tantubhyo vastraM jAyate, brahmaNaH prajAH prajAyante' ityAdi meM to upAdAna kAraNa meM paJcamI hai hI, kyoMki 'vAcArambhaNaM vikAro nAmadheyaM mRttiketyeva satyam' ( chAM0 u0 6 / 1 / 1 ) isa zruti-vAkya meM upAdAna-kAraNa ke rUpa meM mRttikA kA dRSTAnta dekara brahma upAdAnakAraNatva kA samarthana hai / isIlie 'yato vA imAni bhUtAni jAyante' ( tai0 0 3 / 1) ityAdi vAkya meM pradarzita prapaJca kA brahma meM abhisaMveza siddha hotA hai; jaise ra kA mRttikA meM yA paTa kA tantuoM meM hotA hai| punaH 'AdityAjjAyate vRSTirvRSTerannaM tataH prajAH' isa vAkya meM prajA kA upAdAna-kAraNa anna hai, anna kA vRSTi aura vRSTi kA Aditya-yaha paJcAgni-vidyA ke ( chA0 4 / 9-10 ) anurodha se upapanna hotA hai| Aditya yahA~ jyotiHsvarUpa hai aura yahI jyoti vRSTi rUpa meM pariNata hotI hai, vRSTi anna ke rUpa meM aura anna prajA ke rUpa meM pariNata hotA hai| kucha loga 'vibhASA guNe'striyAm' ( 2 / 3 / 25 ) meM vibhASA-zabda kA yogavibhAga karake aguNavAcaka zabda meM hI hetupaJcamI kI siddhi karate haiM; jaise-'dhUmAdagnyanUmitirjAyate' / isI AdhAra para ye 'putrAtpramodo jAyate' meM bhI paJcamI kI siddhi karate haiM aura putra ko pramoda kA hetu mAnate haiN| kintu yaha hone para bhI paJcamIvibhakti brahma kI nimittakAraNatA nahIM siddha kara pAtI / isake atirikta 'tadakSata bahu syAM prajAyeya' (chA0 u0 6|2|3-usne kalpanA kI ki maiM aneka rUpoM meM janma lU) 1. draSTavya-bhASya 2, pR0 254-55 para raghunAtha zAstrI kI paadttippnnii|

Page #307
apAdAna-kAraka 287 yahA~ 'kuryAm' nahIM kahakara 'syAm' tathA 'prajAyeya' kA prayoga brahma kI upAdAnakAraNatA hI siddhi karatA hai| isa vivecana se yaha sthira hotA hai ki prakRta sUtra meM 'prakRti' upAdAna vAcaka hai tathA jahA~ upAdAna kAraNa ke abhAva meM bhI paJcamI kI zruti ho vahA~ apAdAna meM nahIM, hetu meM paJcamI hai / isakI siddhi ukta sUtra meM 'vibhASA' ko pRthak karake artha karane para ho sakatI hai, anyathA sUtrAnusAra to hetu ke guNavAcaka hone para hI paJcamI kA vikalpa ho sakatA hai / tadanusAra 'AdityAjjAyate vRSTiH' ityAdi prayoga bhI samarthita ho sakate haiM, isake lie upAdAna-kAraNatva kI siddhi meM AkAza-pAtAla eka karane kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| (7) bhavaH prabhavaH ( 1 / 4 / 31 )-bhU-dhAtu ke kartA ke utpattisthAna ko bhI apAdAna kahate haiM; jaise-'himavato gaGgA prabhavati, kazmIrebhyo vitastA prabhavati' / bhASyakAra ke anusAra jala kA apasaraNa hone se apAya ke antargata hI yahA~ apAdAna hai / Atyantika apasaraNa isalie nahIM hotA ki usameM sAtatya hai| athavA vibhinna rUpoM meM jala utpanna hotA rahatA hai / 'prabhavati' kA artha hai-prathama prakAzana ( vyu0 vA0, pR0 258 tathA la0 ma0, pR0 1297 ) / isalie prathama prakAza ke adhikaraNa ko apAdAna kahate haiM-yahI sUtrArtha huaa| bhavAnanda apane kArakacakra meM kahate haiM ki ki isa sUtra ke udAharaNa meM paMcamI kA artha hetu nahIM hai, anyathA 'janikartuH prakRtiH' meM hI isakA antarbhAva ho jaataa| isalie yahA~ Adya-bahiH-saMyoga ko dhAtvartha mAnanA cAhie / bahiH padArtha pRthvI hI hai, kyoMki gaMgA vahIM prakaTa hotI hai / paMcamyartha hai-himavAn ke saMyogadhvaMsa ke avyavahita uttarakSaNa meM vidyamAna rahanA / AkhyAtArtha AzrayatA hai / isa prakAra ve nyAyamata se zAbdabodha dete haiM-'himavatsaMyogadhvaMsAvyavahitottarakSaNavAdyapRthivIsaMyogAzrayatAvatI gaGgA' ( kA0 ca0, pR0 73 ) / isa zAbdabodha meM 'avyavahita' tathA 'Adya' padoM kA niveza nahIM ho to 'vaikuNThAt kAzIto vA gaGgA prabhavati' jaise apaprayoga hone lgeNge| spaSTIkaraNa yaha hai ki vaikuNTha se gaMgA kA saMyogadhvaMsa hone ke turanta bAda hI pRthvI se sambandha nahIM hotA / dUsarI ora kAzI se gaMgA kA saMyoga-dhvaMsa hone ke bAda pRthvI se Adi-sambandha nahIM hotA, kyoMki yaha to bahuta hI pahale ho cukA hai jaba vaha himAlaya se girI / bhavAnanda kA sUkSma vizleSaNa bahuta rocaka hai / meghadUta ke 'valmIkAgrAtprabhavati' meM bhI yahI artha hai, kintu isameM bAhya padArtha ke rUpa meM valmIkAgra Urdhvadeza hai| bhavAnanda ke ziSya jagadIza ne isa gurumArga ko saMkSipta karake prathama prakAzana ke rUpa meM prabhavana kA artha mAnA hai, jo gadAdhara aura nAgeza ko sammata hai / jagadIza dvArA diyA gayA zAbdabodha isa prakAra hai-'valmIkAgra-vRtti-prathamaprakAzanavad AkhaNDalasya 1. za0 ko0 2, pR0 119-20 / 2. 'prabhavanaM prathamaprakAzaH, pragrahaNAt / tadadhikaraNamapAdAnamityarthaH' / --la. za0 ze0, pR. 455

Page #308
288 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana dhanu:khaNDam' / yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki jagadIza ne valmIka kA artha paramparA se haTakara 'sAtapamegha' kiyA hai| 'himavato gaGgA prabhavati' kA zAbdabodha isa prakAra karAte haiM--'himavadapAdAnako gaGgAkartRkaH prathamaH prakAzaH' / tadanusAra yaha bhI artha ho sakatA hai ki himAlaya se nikalatI huI gaMgA prakAzita hotI hai| upasaMhAra pANini ke dvArA apAdAna-saMjJA ke vidhAna ke lie diye gaye ye sUtra aneka vaiyAkaraNoM ko Avazyaka pratIta hue haiM / dIkSita ne zabdakaustubha meM isa 'saptasUtrI' kI vyAkhyA ke anantara pataMjali ke vicAroM kA saMkSepa meM nidarzana karake unakA pratyAkhyAna kiyA hai / unakA kathana hai ki nivRtti, vismaraNa Adi dUsare dhAtuoM ke artha se viziSTa apAya kA Azraya lekara ( tathAkathita upAttaviSaya apAdAna ke antargata ) kisI-kisI prakAra uparyukta prayogoM kA hama samarthana bhale hI kara leM, kintu vaisI dazA meM 'naTasya zRNoti' ke samAna dhAtu ke mukhyArtha ke AdhAra para SaSThI-vibhakti kA vAraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / 'upAdhyAyAdadhIte' aura 'naTasya zRNoti' ina donoM meM zabda ke niHsaraNa ke anukUla vyApAra to samAna hI hai, koI bheda to hai nhiiN| isI prakAra apakramaNa, nivRtti, apagamana ityAdi apAyArthaka kriyAoM kA Azraya lekara 'saptasUtrI' ke prayogoM kA apAya meM antarbhAva kA jo pAtaMjala-prayAsa huA hai, vaha SaSThI ke durvAra prayoga kA prayojaka hai| anabhidhAna ( vidvAnoM ke dvArA prayukta na honA ) rUpa amogha astra kA Azraya lekara SaSThI kA niSedha karanA zobhAjanaka nahIM hai| isI se 'jugupsA' ityAdi vArtika bhI anivArya haiM / isa prakAra apAdAna ke saMjJI hue-dhruva, bhayahetu, a. 3 ityAdi / paratva ke kAraNa dUsarI saMjJAoM kI prApti hone para bhI zeSatva kI viva meM 'na mASANAmastIyAt' ke samAna SaSThI ho sakatI hai aura aise sthala meM apaad| -saMjJA ke vAraNa meM koI Apatti nahIM hogii|

Page #309
adhikaraNa-kAraka 'adhi' kA prAcIna artha adhi-pUrvaka kR-dhAtu se adhikaraNArthaka lyuT-pratyaya lagakara bane hue adhikaraNazabda kA nirvacana hai- 'adhikriyante ( kriyAH ) yasmin' arthAt jisameM kriyA kA nivAsa yA Azraya ho / isa zabda meM lagane vAlA 'adhi' nipAta ke rUpa meM vaidika kAla se hI saptamI-vibhakti para niyamana karatA A rahA hai| yathA--'vayo na sIdannadhi bahiSi priye' (R0 1985 / 7 gha), 'pratIdaM vizvaM rocate yatkiJca pRthivyAmadhi' ( R0 5 / 83 / 9 gadya ), 'yatsuvAco vadathanAdhyapsu' (R0 7 / 103 / 5 gha) / yadyapi isa 'aghi' ke yoga meM kahIM-kahIM paMcamI bhI dekhI jAtI hai kintu vaha isakA gauNa prayoga hai tathA aise avasara atyalpa haiN| / saptamI ke prayogAdhikya ke kAraNa hI 'adhi' kA upayoga saptamI-vibhakti ke artha meM hone vAle avyayIbhAva samAsa meM bhI hotA hai; jaiseadhihari, adhikandharam ( zizu0 1154 ) / pANini 'adhi' ko Izvara ( svAmI ) ke artha meM karmapravacanIya mAnate haiM ( 'adhirIzvare' pA0 sU0 1 / 4 / 94 ) tathA aise karmapravacanIya ke yoga meM usa zabda se saptamI kA bhI vidhAna karate haiM jisase Adhikya dikhAnA yA jisameM svAmitva pradarzita karanA iSTa ho ( 'yasmAdadhikaM yasya cezvaravacanaM tatra saptamI' 2 / 3 / 9); jaise-'adhi brahmadatte paJcAlAH, adhi paJcAleSu brahmadattaH / 'yasya cezvaravacanam' meM Izvara zabda bhAvapradhAna ( Izvaratva-vAcaka ) hai, ataH svAmI tathA adhikRta padArtha donoM meM saptamI kA vikalpa hotA hai| adhi ke isa arthaprayoga-vivecana ke sandarbha meM adhikaraNa-saMjJA kI sArthakatA pratIta hotI hai| AdhikyavAcaka 'adhi' ke sAtha karaNa kA saMyoga bhI kama rocaka nahIM hai| tadanusAra karaNa kI apekSA adhika vyApti vAle kAraka ko adhikaraNa-saMjJA milatI hai / hama dekha cuke haiM ki karaNa ke lakSaNa meM prakarSavAcaka tamap pratyaya ke yoga se usakI vyApti kSINa ho gayI hai / adhikaraNa ke sAtha aisI bAta nhiiN| tamapa nahIM hone se sabhI prakAra ke AdhAroM ko adhikaraNa kahate haiM, na ki karaNa ke samAna kevala kucha sAdhakoM ko / ataeva gauNa AdhAra bhI adhikaraNa hote haiM, yaha hama dekheNge| isalie karaNa kI apekSA adhika vyApaka hone ke kAraNa ise adhikaraNa kahA gayA ho, yaha sambhava lagatA hai| isalie pANini ne ise karaNa kA avyavahita paravartI banAyA hai| 1. Macdonell, Vedic Grammar for Students, Art. 176.2. 2. "yasya cezvaravacanam' i. garthadvayam / Izvarazabdo bhAvapradhAnaH / yasya svAmina Izvaratvamucyate tasmAtsvAminaH saptamItyekaH, yasya svasyezvara ucyate tsmaatsvaatsptmiityprH"| padamaJjarI, 1494

Page #310
saMskRta - vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana adhikaraNa kA artha AdhAra ko adhikaraNa kA lakSaNa mAnA gayA hai ( AdhAro'dhikaraNam 124/45) / kAraka - prakaraNa meM kriyA sApekSa hone ke kAraNa use adhyAhRta kiyA jAtA hai / tadanusAra kriyA kA AdhAra adhikaraNa hai / yahA~ prazna hotA hai ki kriyA kA AdhAra yA to kartA hotA hai yA karma, kyoMki kartRstha ( rAmo gacchati ) yA karmastha ( odanaM pacati ) rUpa 'hI kriyA hotI hai / taba adhikaraNa ko kriyA kA AdhAra kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? yadi isake uttara meM hama kartR - karmasaMjJAoM kA anavakAza kahakara nikala jAnA cAheM to yaha nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki aisI dazA meM bhI adhikaraNa ke sAtha inake paryAya kA prasaMga utpanna ho jAyagA -kabhI adhikaraNa-saMjJA to kabhI kartRsaMjJA yA karma-saMjJA' / spaSTa hai ki lakSaNa apane-Apa meM apUrNa hai / AdhAra kI paramparayA adhikaraNatA 290 1 isa prasaMga ke nivAraNArtha lakSaNa kI vyAkhyA meM kahA jAtA hai ki kriyA ke Azraya ke rUpa meM vidyamAna kartA yA karma meM sthita dhAraNa- kriyA ke prati jo AdhArabhUta kAraka ho use adhikaraNa kahate haiM / dhAraNa kriyA ke prayoga se yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki apAdAna yA sampradAna ke samAna adhikaraNa bhI kriyA - vizeSa se sambaddha hotA hai / isake viparIta yaha sabhI kriyAoM se sambaddha hai / kriyA kA AdhAra hone ke kAraNa una una kriyAoM ko dhAraNa karane kI bAta isameM avazya uThatI hai / kriyA ko koI padArtha do taraha se dhAraNa kara sakatA hai - sAkSAt yA paramparA se / jahA~ taka kriyA ko sAkSAt dhAraNa karane kA prazna hai to yaha kevala kartA yA karma se hI sambhava hai / adhikaraNa vyavadhAna se hI kriyA ko dhAraNa karatA hai / yaha vyavadhAna kartA yA karma ke dvArA upasthita hotA hai / ataH adhikaraNa kriyA ke sAkSAt AzrayasvarUpa kartA yA karma kA AdhAra banakara ( unheM dhAraNa karake ) kriyA kA AdhAra kahalAtA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki adhikaraNa ukta prakAra se kriyA-dhAraNa karane ke prati asAkSAt upakAraka hotA hai / vAkyapadIya meM adhikaraNa- lakSaNa bhartRhari inhIM viSayoM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara adhikaraNa kA lakSaNa isa prakAra karate haiM - 'kartRkarmavyavahitAmasAkSAddhArayatkriyAm / upakurvatkriyAsiddhau zAstre'dhikaraNaM smRtam' // - vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 148 kartA yA karma se vyavahita kriyA ko asAkSAt rUpa se dhAraNa karatA huA jo 1. nyAsa ( 1 / 4 / 45 ), pR0 561 / 2. draSTavya - kAzikA, ukta sUtra para / 3. nyAsa -- uparivat, pR0 561-62 /

Page #311
adhikaraNa-kAraka 291 kriyA kI niSpatti meM bhI sahAyatA pahu~cAtA hai vahI isa ( vyAkaraNa ) zAstra meM adhikaraNa samajhA jAtA hai / loka meM adhikaraNa ke viSaya dravya, guNa tathA kriyA--ye tInoM haiM, kintu isa zAstra meM kArakoM ke antargata hone se kriyA kA adhyAhAra ( AkSepa ) anivArya hai, ataH kriyA meM hI eka vizeSa prakAra kA upakAra hone ( arthAt use dhAraNa karane ) ke kAraNa adhikaraNa-saMjJA kI vyavasthA hotI hai| kartastha kriyA ke adhikaraNa kA udAharaNa hai-kaTe zete ( caTAI para sotA hai ) / yahA~ zayana-kriyA kartA meM sthita hai tathA usI kA AdhAra hone ke kAraNa 'kaTa' kriyAdhAra yA adhikaraNa hai / karmastha kriyA ke adhikaraNa kA udAharaNa hai-'sthAlyAM pacati' / yahA~ viklitti rUpa phalavAlI pAkakriyA odanAdi karma meM vartamAna hai| cUMki usa karma kA AdhAra sthAlI hai ataH vaha adhikaraNa hai / kartA yA karma ko dhAraNa karake usameM samavAya-sambandha se vartamAna kriyA kI sahAyatA ( upakAra ) adhikaraNa paramparayA karatA hI hai, kyoMki yadi adhikaraNa na ho to kartA yA karma bhI kriyA ke upakAraka nahIM ho sakate / ataH AdhAra ina donoM kA to upakAra karatA hI hai, inake mAdhyama se kriyopakAraka bhI hai| kAraka yadi kriyA kA janaka vyavahita rUpa meM bhI ho to koI hAni nahIM2 / adhikaraNa aura kriyA ke bIca vyavadhAna kI puSTi bhartRhari ke do zabdoM se hotI hai--'vyavahitAm' tathA 'asAkSAt' / tadanusAra vyavadhAna adhikaraNa meM bahuta Avazyaka hai| isa dRSTi se karaNa tathA adhikaraNa paraspara pratiloma haiM ki karaNa aura kriyA ke bIca lavamAtra bhI vyavadhAna nahIM hotA, jaba ki kriyA aura adhikaraNa meM vyavadhAna anivArya hai| kartA yA karma kA vyApAra karaNa ke pUrva hotA hai, jaba ki adhikaraNa ke pazcAt hI unakI sthiti hotI hai| isa sAkSAt aura asAkSAt kriyopakAra ko lekara eka dUsarA prazna upasthita hotA hai ki kartA aura karma ko sAkSAt kriyAdhAra hone se mukhya AdhAra kyoM nahIM kaha deM? dUsarI ora kartA aura karma ke AdhAra rUpa kaTAdi ko gauNa AdhAra kahanA cAhie, kyoMki ye asAkSAt kriyAdhAra haiM / jaba mukhya AdhAra hai hI taba gauNa AdhAra ko kisa prakAra adhikaraNa-saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai ? uttara meM yaha kaha sakate haiM ki karaNa ke lakSaNa meM tamap-pratyaya kA prayoga yaha batalAtA hai ki gauNa AdhAra ko bhI adhikaraNa kahA jA sakatA hai| kintu yaha koI uttara nahIM hai| gauNa AdhAra ko hama adhikaraNa bhale hI kaha leM, kintu mukhya AdhAra ( kartA, karma ) ko yaha saMjJA kyoM nahIM milegI? isakA antima uttara yaha hai ki kevala paramparA se kriyAdhAraNa karanevAle padArtha meM hI adhikaraNa-saMjJA sAvakAza hotI hai, anyatra nhiiN| kartA aura karma isameM 1. 'asati hyAdhAre kartRkarmaNI kriyopakAraM na pratipadyeyAtAmiti tayorAdhAra upakurvan kriyAmapi tatsthAmupakaroti' / -helArAja 3, pR0 348 2. 'kArakANAM ca kriyAnimittatvaM yathA tathApi bhavadAzrIyata iti vyavadhAnena kriyopakArakatvamaviruddham / -vahIM

Page #312
292 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana niravakAza rahate haiN| dUsarI ora kriyA ko sAkSAt dhAraNa karanevAle padArthoM ko paratva ke kAraNa kartA yA karma kI hI saMjJA dI jaaygii| pANini-sUtroM meM adhikaraNa ke bAda kartA, karma Aye haiM aura vipratiSedha kI sthiti meM para-saMjJA hI pravRtta hogI ( draSTavya -helArAja, vahIM ) / pUrva meM AnevAlI adhikaraNa saMjJA isa prakAra gauNAdhAra meM sAvakAza ho jAtI hai| apane viparIta kartA yA karma kI saMjJAoM se bAdhita. hokara unake viSaya meM yaha atikrAnta nahIM hotI (nyAsa, pR0 562 ) / tathya yaha nikalA ki kriyA ke sAkSAt AdhAra ke rUpa meM kartA aura karma hI vyavasthita haiM; ina donoM ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM sthita AdhAra rUpa kAraka ko adhikaraNa kahate haiM / yadyapi adhikaraNa-kAraka ke paramparayA AdhAra vAle lakSaNa kI AvRtti pANinIya tathA dUsare sampradAyoM meM bhI huI hai kintu kriyA ke sAkSAt AdhAra ke bhI udAharaNa milate haiM; yathA- 'gale baddhvA gornIyate' ( gale meM bandhana lagAkara gau ko le jAte haiM / yahAM bandhana-kriyA kA sAkSAt sambandha gale ( adhikaraNa ) ke sAtha hai, kartA yA karma ke mAdhyama se nhiiN| ataH ukta siddhAnta kA khaNDana-sA hotA pratIta ho rahA hai| kAtantra-sampradAya ke TIkAkAra suSeNa kavirAja ne ise paramparAvAda kI paridhi meM lAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki kucha logoM ke anusAra avayava ( gale ) meM bhI avayavI ( go ) kI sattA hotI hai| tadanusAra bandhana-kriyA kA AdhAra gau ( jo vAstava meM karma hai ) hai aura galA usake sampUrNa zarIra kA eka avayava hone ke kAraNa gau ko dhAraNa kara rahA hai, usakA AdhAra hai| isalie 'kriyA ke karma (gau ) kA AdhAra' galA bahuta saralatA se siddha ho jAtA hai aura adhikaraNa ke ukta sAmpradAyika lakSaNa kI rakSA ho jAtI hai| kintu apanI isa vyAkhyA se svayaM suSeNa ko santoSa nahIM hai| dUsarI vaikalpika vyAkhyA dene meM unakA yaha aparitoSa prakaTa hotA hai| unakA kathana hai ki kriyA ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM jisakI vivakSA ho vahI adhikaraNa hai / aba yaha paristhiti-vizeSa para nirbhara karatA hai ki kriyAdhAratA sAkSAt hotI hai yA kartA-karma ke dvaaraa| isake anusAra 'asAkSAd dhArayat kriyAm' vAlI vyAkhyA upalakSaNa mAtra hai| pANini-tantra meM sAkSAt AdhAra vAle mata ko kabhI mAnyatA nahIM milii| pratyuta isa mata kA ullekha karake khaNDana taka kiyA gayA hai| udAharaNasvarUpa kAla ko sAkSAt kriyAdhAra samajhane kA bhrama ho jAtA hai, kyoMki 'samaye caitrastaNDulAnpacati' jaise prayoga hote haiN| vastutaH adhikaraNa-saMjJA kA vidhAna karanevAle sUtra meM svaritatvapratijJA ke dvArA yaha nizcita hotA hai ki kAla bhI paramparA se hI kriyA kA Azraya 1. DaoN0 rAmazaMkara bhaTTAcArya, pANini-vyAkaraNa kA anuzIlana, pR0 157 / 2. 'vyAkhyAntaravikalpasya dvayamiSTaM nibandhanam / svavyAkhyAparitoSo vA vyaptirvA viSayAntare' / 3. pANini ke 'svaritenAdhikAraH' ( 13311 ) sUtra ke bhASya meM pataJjali ne adhikAra-zabda ke prayojanoM meM 'adhika kArya' ke rUpa meM dvitIya prayojana rakhA hai|

Page #313
adhikaraNa-kAraka 293 hai| hameM isa prakAra kA anubhava bhI hotA hai ki ukta udAharaNa meM kAla caitra tathA taNDula ( jo kramazaH kartA tathA karma haiM ) donoM kA AdhAra hai / yadi kriyA ke sAkSAt AdhAra ke rUpa meM kAla kI vivakSA ho to 'kAla: bhUtAni pacati' aisA prayoga hogA arthAt vaha kartA ho jAyagA / pariNAmataH adhikaraNa kA kriyA ke sAtha anvaya kartAdi ke anvaya ke mAdhyama se hI hotA hai, kyoMki jisakA kAraka-bhAva ( kArakatva ) jisake mAdhyama se hotA hai usakA kriyA ke sAtha anvaya bhI usI ke mAdhyama se hogAyaha zAstrIya vyavasthA hai| AkAza tathA kAla kA AdhAratva bhartahari adhikaraNa-vivecana ke prasaMga meM AkAza tathA kAla ke AdhAratva kA bhI nirUpaNa karate haiN| unake anusAra sabhI saMyogadAna padArthoM kA Adi AdhAra AkAza hI hai / graha, nakSatra, vimAnAdi AkAzIya padArthoM kA AdhAra to pratyakSataH AkAza hai hI; rathAdi pArthiva padArthoM ke AdhAra jo hama pRthvI kA bhAga-vizeSa dekhate haiM vaha bhI antataH paramparayA AkAza para hI AdhRta hai| isIlie sabhI saMyogI padArthoM kA prathama AdhAra AkAza ko mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai 2 / helArAja na kevala saMyogI padArthoM kA apitu samavAyI padArthoM kA bhI pAryantika AdhAra AkAza ko hI siddha karate haiM, kyoMki unakA tAtkAlika AdhAra to apane hI avayava haiM aura anta meM paramANuoM taka pahu~cA jA sakatA hai / ina paramANuoM ke bIca dezagata vibhAga kA kAraNa AkAza hI AdhAra-rUpa meM hai| isa prakAra vaizeSikoM ke apara sAmAnya ( sattA ) ke samAna AkAza apara yA mukhya adhikaraNa kA pada le sakatA hai / yahA~ dezagata pravibhAga karanA AkAza kA pradhAna kArya samajhanA cAhie, anyathA ekatva-saMkhyA se viziSTa nitya AkAza meM vibhinna padArthoM ke Adheya-rUpa meM avasthita kisI sUtra meM mukhya svarita kA prayoga karake pANini yaha dikhalAnA cAhate haiM ki tatratya niyama apane nizcita kArya se adhika kArya ko vyApta karatA hai; jaise apAdAna yA adhikaraNa kI vyApti mukhya apAdAnAdi ke atirikta gauNa meM bhI hotI hai / tadanusAra jahA~ sampUrNa AdhAra-svarUpa vyApta hotA hai (tileSu tailam, dadhni sapiH ) kevala vahIM adhikaraNa nahIM hotA pratyuta lAkSaNika, sAmIpika ityAdi AdhAra bhI adhikaraNa hI haiM, yaha svarita kA prasAda hai / yaha adhika kArya ( adhikAra ) sUcita karanA isa sUtra kA uddezya hai / yahA~ bhI isa pratijJA ke AdhAra para 'AdhAra' zabda se paramparAdhAra kA grahaNa hotA hai| 1. 'yadyapi kAlasya sAkSAtkriyAparicchedakatvaM, tathApi tadadhikaraNaM kartakarmadvAraiva, tathaivAnubhavAt / sAkSAttadAdhAratve'pi ( AdhArapade ) svaritatvapratijJAnAtparamparAdhArasya grahaNam' / -la0 za. ze0, pR0 477 2. 'AkAzameva keSAJcid dezabhedaprakalpanAt / AdhArazaktiH prathamA sarvasaMyoginAM matA' // -vA0pa0 3 / 7 / 151

Page #314
294 saMskRta vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana rahane se sAMkarya kA doSa upasthita hogA / eka dezabhAga ( AdhAra ) meM eka hI vastu raha sakatI hai| kintu tathya yaha hai ki vyApaka AkAza ke antargata vibhinna padArtha apanA-apanA deza-vizeSa gherakara rakhe rahate haiM / yaha deza-vizeSa pratyeka padArtha kA pRthakpRthak hotA hai / ataH AkAza-AdhAra meM hI sabhI padArtha paraspara sattAgata virodha ke binA hI premapUrvaka sahayoga-sahita nivAsa karate haiM / AkAza meM yaha dezabheda kalpanAmAtra hai; kevala vyavahAra ke lie hai, paramArthataH nhiiN| ukta prathamAdhAra ke rUpa meM nirUpita AkAza kI sattA bhI AdhArazakti para Azrita hai / samasta bhAva padArthoM ke viSaya meM jo kahA jAtA hai ki yaha yahA~ hai ( idamatra ), vaha vyavahAra hI siddha karatA hai ki 'atraM' ke dvArA kisI aise bhAva-padArtha kA nirdeza ho rahA hai jo pRthvI Adi se bhinna hai| sAmAnya vastuoM se vastutaH pRthvI kA bhAga parimita nahIM hotA, pRthvI se Upara kA zUnya sthAna hI vyApta hotA hai / antataH pRthvI bhI usI zUnyasthAna ko gheratI hai| phalataH usa zUnyasthAna rUpa bhAvapadArtha ko 'AkAza' kaha kara vyavahAra meM lAte haiM / ise hama apadArtha yA avastu nahIM kaha sakate haiM, kyoMki avastu meM kisI prakAra kI zakti nahIM hotI aura usakA nAmakaraNa bhI isa rUpa meM nahIM hotaa| sAdhAraNa vyavasthA yaha hai ki kisI vastu kA vyapadeza ( nAmakaraNa ) use nirUpita karane ke bAda hI hotA hai aura yaha vastu para Azrita hotA hai, avastu para nhiiN| kAraNa yaha hai ki loka meM jo zabdajanya vyavahAra calatA hai usameM usI ko 'vastu' kahane kA niyama hai jisakA nirUpaNa ho cukA hai / ___ bhartRhari tathA helArAja donoM isa viSaya ko mahattva pradAna karate haiM ki abhAva padArtha meM adhikaraNatva nahIM ho sktaa| yahA~ hama spaSTa ho leM ki adhikaraNa meM Adheya ke abhAva kA prazna bilakula pRthak hai, jisameM adhikaraNatva kI kSati nahIM hotI ( yathA-ghaTe jalaM nAsti ) / kintu 'zatrorabhAve sukham' isa udAharaNa meM abhAva nirUpyamANa hone para bhI vastu-sApekSa nahIM hone se AdhAra nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| yadyapi abhAva meM saptamI-vibhakti ke viSaya meM helArAja mauna haiM, tathApi sambhavataH ve ise 'bhAve saptamI' se samarthanIya mAnate hoM / ataH siddha hotA hai ki loka meM prasiddha vyavahAra kA kAraNa rUpa AkAza AdhAra hI nahIM, paramAMdhAra hai / sabhI bhAvapadArthoM kA AdhAra-rUpa AkAza kevala siddha vastuoM ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai; jaise ghaTa, paTAdi kA / jahA~ taka 'gacchati, pacati' ityAdi sAdhya kriyAoM 1. draSTavya-helArAja ( ukta kArikA para ), pR0 350 / 2. 'ihAdhArazaktirevAnyathAnupapatterAkAzasadbhAvaM gamayati' / -helArAja 3, pR0 351 3. 'nirUpya hi vyapadezo, nirUpaNA ca vastunibandhanA, zAbde vyavahAre nirUpitasyaiva vstutvaat| -vahIM 4. 'idamatreti bhAvAnAmabhAvAnna prakalpate / vyapadezastamAkAzanimittaM sampracakSate' // -vA0pa0 37 / 152

Page #315
adhikaraNa-kAraka 295 kA prazna hai inakA AdhAra banane kI kSamatA kevala kAla meM hai| ise bhartRhari spaSTa karate haiM 'kAlAkriyA vibhajyante AkAzAtsarvamUrtayaH / etAvAMzcaiva bhedo'yamabhedopanibandhanaH // -vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 153 kAla ke kAraNa sabhI kriyAoM meM aura AkAza ke kAraNa mUrta ( siddha ) padArthoM meM vibhAga kI kalpanA hotI hai| yadyapi kAla aura AkAza donoM hI atyanta abhinna ( advaya ) parabrahma kI zakti ke rUpa meM haiM tathApi ukta kAryoM ke rUpa meM pRthak-pRthaka zaktiyoM ko dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa imameM bhedAvabhAsa kI upapatti vyavahAra-dazA meM hotI hai| __ sAdhana-zaktiyoM ( kArakoM ) ke vyApAra kA vyAghAta ho jAne para kriyA meM 'pratibandha' ho jAtA hai aura yadi unake vyApAra prakrAnta hote haiM to kriyA bhI calane lagatI hai jise 'abhyanujJA' kahate haiN| kriyA ke isa pratibandha tathA abhyanujJA ke dvArA kAla kI nityavRtti meM bheda kI pratIti hotI hai / udAharaNa ke lie ghaTIyantra ke chidra se jala-niHsaraNa kI prakriyA ko le sakate haiN| ghaTI-yantra ke bhItara vidyamAna jala kA koI bhAga to eka kAla-vizeSa meM chidra se bAhara nikala rahA hai aura usa samaya dUsarA bhAga abhI bhItara hI hai / yaha zakti kA pratibandha tathA abhyanujJA kAla ke dvArA hI niSpanna hotI hai, kyoMki yadi kAla-zakti isake pIche nahIM hotI to gurutva ke kAraNa samasta jala kA niHsaraNa eka hI bAra ho jAtA-kramazaH niHsaraNa kA prazna hI nahIM hotA / yaha siddha karatA hai ki jala-niHsaraNa kI prakriyA se pRthak apane vyApAra se yukta kAla nAma kI zakti hai / __ yaha kAla uparyukta donoM niyamoM ke kAraNa krama kA pradarzana karatA hai tathA samasta bhAva-padArthoM kA upakAra ( sahAyatA ) janma-sthiti-vinAza ke rUpa meM pravibhAga karake karatA hai / tadanusAra kriyAoM kA AdhAra yaha kAla hI siddha hai / una ( kriyAoM) meM pravibhAga kI vyavasthA bhI isI kA kArya hai| 'iha jAyate, iha tiSThati, iha nazyati' ityAdi tathA atIta meM utpanna, vartamAna meM sthita, bhaviSya meM naSTa hone vAlA ityAdi sabhI vyavahAra kAla ke AdhAratva ke kAraNa niSpanna hote haiN| dUsarI ora AkAza avyApaka dravyoM ke pariNAma se yukta padArthoM ke saMyoga ke kAraNa pravibhAga kA grahaNa karatA hai aura una saboM ke niyata dezavartI hone ke kAraNa padArthoM ko alagaalaga karatA hai / antataH hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki AkAza meM dravyoM kA 1. 'kasyAzcikriyAyAH sAdhanazaktInAM vyApAravighAte pratibandhastadviparyayo'bhyanujJA tAbhyAmupalakSitA kAlasya nityA pravRttirbhAveSu satatapariNAmiSu hi kiJcitprajAyate kiJcidapakSIyate iti niyatametat' / -helArAja ( 3 / 9 / 90) 2. draSTavya-vA0pa0 3 / 9 / 70 tathA helaaraaj|

Page #316
296 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana vibhAjana karane kI zakti hone se vaha unhIM kA AdhAra hai, jaba ki kAla kriyAoM kA vibhAjana - janaka hone se kriyAdhAra hai' / upavAsa kriyA meM AdhAra -- se AkAza tathA kAla kI adhikaraNatA ke hI prasaMga meM bhartRhari ne pANini ke 'upAnvadhyAGgvasaH' ( pA0 1 / 4 / 48 ) ke antargata Aye hue vArtika 'vaserazyarthasya pratiSedhaH' ke udAharaNa kA bhI vicAra kiyA hai| ukta sUtra meM vas dhAtu ( nivAsa karanA) ke ( paramparita ) AdhAra ko karma mAnA gayA hai, yadi usake pUrva meM upa, anu, adhi, AG - inameM koI upasarga lagA ho / yahIM para vArtikakAra kAtyAyana saMzodhana upasthita karate haiM ki azananivRtti ke artha meM upa + vas-dhAtu ho to karmasaMjJA nahIM hotI, AdhAra ke kAraNa adhikaraNa hI hotA hai; jaise - grAme upavasati / kAtyAyana kA vizeSa abhiprAya yahI hai ki jaise 'tiSThati' kriyA se gati-nivRtti se viziSTa avasthiti kA bodha hotA hai vaise hI yahA~ 'upavasati' kA artha bhI 'bhojananivRtti se viziSTa vAsa' hai / tadanusAra grAma se upavAsa kA usI prakAra sambandha hai jaise ' tiSThati' se ( grAme tiSThati ) ho sakatA hai / ataH sUtravihita karmasaMjJA kI nivRtti ho jAtI hai| grAma kI vivakSA yahA~ Ipsitatama ke rUpa meM nahIM, AdhArarUpa meM haiarthAt yaha vArtika vivakSA - niyama kA bhI samarthana karatA hai / kintu pataJjali isa vArtika se sahamata nahIM hai| unakA kathana hai ki yahA~ grAma upa-pUrvaka vas-dhAtu kA adhikaraNa nahIM hai, vaha to upasarga-hIna vas-dhAtu kA hI adhikaraNa hai / isI se ' grAme vasaMstrirAtramupavasati' yaha udAharaNa ve dete haiM ( bhASya, 1 / 4 / 48 ) / unakA Azaya yaha hai ki grAma kA sIdhA sambandha vAsa-kriyA ke sAtha hai, kyoMki inameM antaraGga sambandha hai / upavAsa - kriyA cUMki svarUpataH kAla kI apekSA rakhatI hai ata: usakA antaraGga sambandha kAla ke hI sAtha ho sakatA hai, grAma ke sAtha to usakA bahiraGga -sambandha hai / helArAja isa sthiti kA vizleSaNa karate haiM ki yadyapi upavAsa - kriyA ke sAtha kAla- vizeSa hI antaraGga hotA hai tathApi bhojana na karane vAle puruSa kI niradhikaraNa avasthiti asambhava hai / ata: AdhAra kI apekSA 1. vyAkaraNa-darzana meM kAla tathA AkAza ye donoM Izvara kI zaktiyA~ haiM / cUMki vahIM isa saMsAra ko zabdabrahma kA vivarta mAnA gayA hai, jisameM do prakAra kI vyavasthA hai - mUrti ( Thosa padArtha ) tathA kriyA ( sAdhya bhAva ), ataH vyAvahArika dazA meM aneka prakAra ke bhedoM kI pratIti hotI hai / prathama dazA meM kevala zabdabrahma kI sattA hotI hai jisameM kAlAkAza kI ekatvaniSTha zaktiyA~ rahatI haiM / mUrta padArthoM aura kriyAoM ke rUpa meM vivarta hone kA kAraNa kAlAkAza kA ekatva hI hai / jaba vivarta hotA hai taba yahI ekatva hameM bhedoM ke rUpa meM pratIta hone lagatA hai / 2. draSTavya -- helArAja ( 3 / 7 / 153 para ), pR0 352 / 3. draSTavya - pradIpa tathA udyota, pR0 260 ( khaNDa 2 )

Page #317
adhikaraNa-kAraka 297 hotI hai jisakI pUrti grAma karatA hai| apekSita hone para bhI grAma kA AdhArarUpa meM cUMki upavAsa-kriyA se sambandha nahIM hai ( kyoMki usa kriyA kA AdhAra kAlazakti hai ), ataH 'upAnvadhyAvasaH' ( pA0 1 / 4 / 48 ) se hone vAlI karmasaMjJA usameM prasakta nahIM hotI-pratyuta kAlavAcaka 'trirAtra' meM karmasaMjJA huI hai| isI kA upapAdana vAkyapadIya kI isa kArikA meM hai'yadyapyupavasirdezavizeSamanurudhyate / zabdapravRttidharmAttu kAlamevAvalambate' // ___--vA0 pa0 3 / 7 / 154 ___'tIrthe upavasati' ityAdi udAharaNoM meM upavAsa-kriyA kA sambandha tIrthAdi dezavizeSa se yadyapi dekhA jAtA hai tathApi vaha dezasambandha zabdazakti ( upavAsa-kriyA kI sAmarthya ) se prApta nahIM hotaa| upavAsa kA artha hai-bhojana-nivRtti, jisakI upapatti kAla-sambandha se hI hotI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM--bhojana-nivRtti kaba yA kaba taka hotI hai, yahI sArthaka prazna hai; kahA~ hotI hai, yaha nahIM / ukta kriyA meM kAlazakti antahita rahatI hai, AkAzazakti ( dezavizeSa ) to upavAsakartA kI sattA kI nirAdhAratA kI asiddhi para Azrita hone ke kAraNa, sambaddha hone para bhI zabdArtha ( upavAsa-kriyA ke artha ) meM antarbhUta nahIM hai| bhojananivRtti se deza kA sIdhA sambandha nahIM rhtaa| upavAsa ke artha meM jo avasthiti yA nivAsa karane kA bhI artha aGgarUpa meM rahatA hai usI se deza sambaddha hai / isa prakAra jahA~ deza kA upavAsa ke sAtha sambandha usake aGga ke mAdhyama se hotA hai, kAla kA usase sAkSAt hI yoga hotA hai| ___ anazanArthaka upavAsa-kriyA ke yoga meM isa prakAra deza aura kAla ke AdhAratva kA spaSTa vibhAjana hai / kisI bhI sthiti meM dezavAcaka zabda ko adhikaraNa kI vibhakti hotI hai, kAlavAcaka ko karma kii| tadanusAra yaha vArtika bhASyakAra tathA bhartahari ke matAnusAra nirarthaka hai| bhartRhari to yahAM taka kahate haiM ki unake dvArA khIMcI gayI vibhAjaka rekhA itanI niyamabaddha hai ki jahA~ kevala upavAsa-kriyA kA prayoga ho vahIM vAsa-kriyA ke aprayukta ( gamyamAna ) hone para bhI deza-vizeSa (grAmAdi ) usI kA adhikaraNa hotA hai / punaH trirAtrAdi kAlavAcaka zabda aprayukta hone para bhI upavAsakriyA ke lie karma hoNge| isa prakAra yaha siddha hotA hai ki bhojana-nivRtti ke artha meM upavAsa-kriyA kA sAkSAt AdhAra kAla hotA hai, jise karmasaMjJA dI jAtI hai| deza abhimata hone para bhI aGgabhUta vAsa-kriyA ke mAdhyama se usakA AdhAra banatA hai, use adhikaraNa hI kahate 1. 'tathA cAGgabhUtavasatikriyAdvAreNopavAse'dhikaraNatAM dezaH pratipadyate / sAkSAkAlena tu tathA yogaH' / -helArAja 3, pR0 353 2. 'sAdhanaM hyazrUyamANAmapi yogyAM kriyaamaakssipti'| 3. 'vasatAvaprayukte'pi dezo'dhikaraNaM tataH / aprayuktaM trirAtrAdi karma copavasau smRtam' / / -vA0 pa0 37 / 155 -vahIM

Page #318
298 saMskRta - vyAkaraNa meM kAraka tattvAnuzIlana haiN| donoM meM se kisI kI anupasthiti rahane se saMjJA para koI prabhAva nahIM par3atA / 'tIrthe upavasati' tathA 'ekAdazImupavasati' donoM prakAra ke udAharaNoM kI pRthakpRthak siddhi sUtramAtra se ho jAtI hai / pahale udAharaNa meM kAla gamyamAna hai to dUsare meM deza / zabdakaustubha meM dIkSita ukta vArtika ko svIkAra karate hue 'upoSya rajanImekAm' kI dvitIyA ko upapada - vibhakti mAnakara ' kAlAdhvanoratyantasaMyoge' ( pA0 2|3|5 ) se kAlavyApti ke kAraNa niSpanna kahate haiM / punaH ve isIlie 'ekAdazyAM na bhuJjIta ' isa udAharaNa meM saptamI kI siddhi adhikaraNa ke AdhAra para karate haiM ki upapada-vibhakti kAraka - vibhakti adhika prabala hotI hai / aba prazna hai ki yadi kAraka - vibhakti prabalatara hI hai to 'rajanImekAm' meM bhI saptamI kyoM na ho ? uttara meM vivakSAzAstra dikhalAyA jAyagA / isase kahIM adhika santoSaprada bhartRhari kI ukta vyAkhyA hai / ataH 'ekAdazyAM na bhuJjIta' meM 'upAnva 0 ' sUtra aprasakta hogA, kyoMki upa + vas kA prayoga nahIM hai / bhuj-dhAtu ke AdhArarUpa kAla ko adhikaraNa huA hai / 'rajanImekAm' meM upavAsa kA AdhAra kAla hai, jo karma hI rahegA / navyanyAya tathA adhikaraNa : bhavAnanda kA vivecana navyanaiyAyikoM meM bhavAnanda adhikaraNa-kAraka kI vivecanA ko naI dizA dekara bhI bhartRhari ke lakSaNa kI parikramA karate haiM / sarvaprathama unhoMne adhikaraNa ke tIna tathAkathita bhrAmaka lakSaNoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai. ( ka ) kucha loga apane Adheya se hone vAle sambandha ko adhikaraNatva mAnate haiM tathA yaha sambandha saMyoga yA samavAya ke rUpa meM rahatA hai / yaha pakSa gadAdhara ke dvArA vyutpattivAda meM bhI uThAyA gayA hai / isa pakSa meM yaha doSa hai ki saMyogAdi sambandha sambandha-vizeSa hone ke kAraNa do vastuoM meM sthita raheMge tathA donoM meM jaise eka-dUsare kA saMyoga hotA hai vaise hI donoM eka-dUsare ke AdhAra hoNge| mAna liyA ki kuNDa aura badarIphala meM saMyoga sambandha hai / jisa prakAra kuNDa meM saMyoga hai, usI prakAra badarIphala meM bhI saMyoga hai / yadi AdhArAdheya - sambandha bhI saMyogAtmaka hI hai to jisa prakAra badarIphala kA AdhAra kuNDa hai, usI prakAra kuNDa kA AdhAra bhI ThIka usI kAla meM badarIphala hai, kyoMki donoM meM saMyoga sambandha hai / kuNDa meM badarIphala, pAtra meM ghRta, pRthvI para ghaTa ityAdi sabhI saMyogAtmaka udAharaNoM kI yahI gati hogI / vaiyAkaraNa kaha sakate haiM ki yaha aniSTa prasaGga isalie utpanna huA hai ki do mUrta padArthoM ke saMyogarUpa sambandha kA udAharaNa dekara koI kriyApada nahIM rakhA gayA hai / kintu bhASA kI maryAdA ke anusAra koI vAkya binA kriyA ke nahIM hotA / ataH 1. kArakacakra, pR0 75- 77 / 2. 'AdhArAdheyabhAvazca na saMyogAdirUpasambandhAtmakaH / kuNDAdisaMyogino badarAderapi kuNDAdhAratAprasaGgAt' / - vyu0 vA0, pR0 268

Page #319
adhikaraNa-kAraka 299 ina udAharaNoM meM bhI 'asti, bhavati' jaisI kriyA lagAkara usakA sambandha AdhAra se dikhalAte hae niyata adhikaraNa kI sthApanA ke dvArA avyavasthA kA nivAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai / badarIphalAdi kartA ke mAdhyama se kuNDAdi AdhAra hoMge - yaha dikhalAnA koI kaThina nahIM / asti-kriyA badarIphala meM hai ( kuNDa meM nahIM ), badarIphala kuNDa meM hai arthAt kuNDa asti-kriyA ke kartA kA AdhAra hone ke kAraNa adhikaraNa hai| isa prakAra inameM AdhArAdheya-bhAva hone para bhI koI visaGgati nahIM hai| bhavAnanda ko phira bhI eka dUsarA doSa isameM dikhalAI par3atA hai| ve pUchate haiM ki isa 'svAdheyatva' kA kyA nirvacana hai ? yadi isakA artha apane-Apa dvArA nirUpita adhikaraNa kA sambandhI honA ( svanirUpitAdhikaraNasambandhitvam ) hai taba to anyonyAzraya-doSa hogaa| yaha doSa vahA~ hotA hai jahA~ eka ke jJAna yA sattA ke adhIna dUsare kA jJAna yA sattA ho tathA dUsare ke jJAna yA sattA ke adhIna pahale kA bhI jJAna yA sattA ho| prakRta sthala meM yahI bAta hotI hai ki adhikaraNatva ke jJAna ke adhIna Adheyatva kA jJAna hai aura Adheyatva ke jJAna ke adhIna vaha adhikaraNatva-jJAna bhI hai| isa nirvacana ke atirikta kucha dUsarA artha nahIM sUjhatA ki isa doSa se rakSA ho / yaha doSa pUrvokta doSa kA prAyaH rUpAntara hai, isIlie gadAdhara ne isakA saMketa bhI nahIM kiyA hai / AdhAra aura Adheya sApekSa zabda haiN| jisa prakAra pitA-putrAdi anya laukika zabdoM kA kramika jJAna hotA hai, usI prakAra inakA bhI kramika jJAna hotA hai| kisI vastu meM eka koTi ( AdhAra yA Adheya ) kI sthiti jAna lene para sApekSa hone ke kAraNa vaha dUsare sambaddha padArtha kI AkAMkSA karatA hai, jisakI upasthiti zIghra hotI hai| ( kha ) kucha logoM ne kahA hai ki utpatti, sthiti yA jJapti ( jJAna ) ke lie kisI vastu kA apekSaNIya honA adhikaraNatva hai| Adheya kI utpatti ke lie apekSaNIya padArtha kA udAharaNa kisI bhI kArya kA samavAyikAraNa ho sakatA hai / tadanusAra samavAyikAraNa adhikaraNa hai tathA usakA kArya Adheya hai, jaise-tantuSu paTa: samavetaH / isI prakAra ghaTAdi padArthoM kI sthiti ke bhUtalAdi padArtha apekSaNIya hote haiM / bhUtala ( AdhAra ) para ghaTa ( Adheya ) kI sthiti hai / jAtyAdi padArthoM kI jJapti ke lie jo usake samavAyi ( samavAya-sambandha se sthita vyaktyAdi ) padArthoM kI apekSaNIyatA hotI hai, vahIM adhikaraNa hote haiM / punaH abhAva tathA samavAya padArthoM ke jJAna ke lie bhI svarUpa-sambandha se yukta padArtha kI apekSA hotI hai jo adhikaraNa kahalAtA hai| ___ bhavAnanda isa pakSa meM doSa dikhalAte haiM ki apekSaNIya hone kA artha kisI kA utpAdaka honA nahIM hai ( apekSaNIyatvaM hi na janakatvam ) kyoMki yadi utpAdaka padArtha ko hI apekSaNIya mAna leM to atIndriya jAti, samavAya tathA abhAva ke adhikaraNoM meM avyApti hogii| cUMki inakA laukika pratyakSa nahIM hotA, ataH sannikarSa se sambandha 1. 'ekasambandhijJAnamaparasambandhismArakam' ( nyA0 si0 mu0 meM kArikA 81 ke antargata ) /

Page #320
300 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana bhI nahIM aura isalie inameM janakatva-zakti bhI nahIM hai / apekSaNIya kA artha utpAdaka svIkAra karane para na kevala samavAyikAraNa hI kArya kA adhikaraNa hogA, pratyuta kAraNamAtra hI adhikaraNa kI sImA meM A jaayeNge| daNDAdi (nimitta kAraNa ) bhI ghaTAdi kAryoM ke adhikaraNa hone lgeNge| apekSaNIya hone kA artha adhikaraNa ho jAnA bhI nahIM liyA jA sakatA, kyoMki taba AtmAzraya-doSa hogaa| yaha doSa tabhI hotA hai jaba svajJAna ke lie svajJAna kI hI apekSA hotI hai ( nyAyakoza, pR0 121) / yadi apekSaNIya kA artha adhikaraNa kareM aura use hI adhikaraNa kA lakSaNa mAneM to lakSya-lakSaNa meM koI bheda nahIM rhegaa| yahI AtmAzraya-doSa hai| mAdhava ina doSoM meM eka anya doSa bhI jor3ate haiN| vaha yaha ki bhavana meM utpanna ghaTa yadi AMgana meM lAyA jAya to usake isa naye adhikaraNa ( A~gana ) meM avyApti hogI' / kAraNa yaha hai ki ghaTa kI utpatti ke lie to tatkAla bhavana kI apekSA hai, vahIM ghaTa utpanna huA hai| kintu aisI bAta nahIM hai, kyoMki AMgana ghaTa kI utpatti ke lie apekSita bhale hI na ho, sthiti ke lie to apekSita hai hii| (ga ) kucha loga patanazIla dravya kA adhikaraNa use mAnate haiM jo usase bhinna hone ke sAtha-sAtha usake patana ko rokanevAle saMyoga se yukta mUrta padArtha ho / isa lakSaNa meM 'mUrta' zabda nahIM rahe to Izvara meM ativyApti ho jAya / Izvara brahmANDa ko dhAraNa karane vAle saMyoga kA Azraya hai / mAdhava TippaNI dete haiM ki brahmANDa kA patanazIla honA koI prasiddha tathya to nahIM ataH mUrtatva kI anupasthiti meM bhI Izvara meM ativyApti kA prazna nahIM uThatA / satya yaha hai ki yaha mUrta zabda isalie prayukta hai ki vibhu-rUpa Izvara ke zarIra kA adhikaraNatva rokA jAya ( mAdhavI, pR0 78 ) / koI padArtha apanA adhikaraNa Apa hI na ho jAya isalie 'svabhinna' vizeSaNa lagAyA gayA hai / kintu abhI bhI isameM eka doSa raha hI jAtA hai ki jina padArthoM kA patana prasiddha nahIM, jo patanazIla nahIM hoM, unakA adhikaraNa hogA yA nhiiN| pUrvapakSI kaheMge ki patanazUnya mUrta padArthoM kA bhI adhikaraNa hotA hai, kintu unameM vilakSaNa saMyoga rahatA hai / isa vilakSaNatA kI kalpanA patanAbhAva ke dvArA hI kI jA sakatI hai| kamala ke koSa ke bhItara hI utpanna tathA naSTa hone vAle bhramara kA patana aprasiddha hai-vaha ur3atA to hai kintu kamala ke andara isakA bhI avasara nahIM hai| aise bhramara kA adhikaraNa kamala hai / isameM avyApti nahIM hotii| isa prakAra patanazIla aura 1. kA0 ca0 vyAkhyA ( mAdhavI ), pR0 77 / 2. 'nApi tadbhinnatve sati tatpatanapratibandhakasaMyogavanmUrtatvaM patanavadravyasyAdhi. krnntvm| -kA0 ca0, pR0 77 3. 'yasya patanamaprasiddhaM tadAdhAratvAsaGgrahAt' / -vyu0 vA0, pR0 267

Page #321
adhikaraNa-kAraka 301 patanazUnya donoM prakAra ke padArthoM meM adhikaraNa kI vyavasthA ho sakatI hai| vyutpattivAda meM bhI isa pUrvapakSa kA ullekha hai'| isa sthiti meM pradhAna dravyoM kA adhikaraNa to ho hI sakatA hai| kevala amUrta AkAza, dik, kAlAdi adhikaraNa-zUnya hoMge / guNa, karma, jAti, vizeSa kA adhikaraNa vahI hogA jisameM ye pRthak-pRthak samaveta hoNge| abhAva tathA samavAya ke adhikaraNa bhI pUrvokta niyamAnusAra inake svarUpa-sambandha ko dhAraNa karane vAle padArtha hoMge; jaise 'bhUtala meM ghaTAbhAva' -yahA~ abhAva kA adhikaraNa bhUtala hai / isI prakAra paramparAsambandha se adhikaraNa kA nirUpaNa ho sakatA hai / bhavAnanda kahate haiM ki isa lakSaNa meM pahalA doSa to ananugama kA hai, arthAt adhikaraNa ke sabhI udAharaNoM meM yaha prApta nahIM ho sktaa| lakSaNa kI yaha vizeSatA hotI hai ki vaha sabhI udAharaNoM meM samAna rUpa se anugata hotA hai| prastuta lakSaNa kI zithilatA isI bAta se prakaTa hai ki patanazIla tathA tacchUnya padArthoM ke adhikaraNoM kA antarbhAva karane meM bahuta kaThinAI huI hai / dUsarA doSa yaha hai ki 'bhUtale ghaTa:' isa udAharaNa meM hI adhikaraNatva kI siddhi ke lie aneka bAdhAoM se pAra pAkara vizada vyAkhyA karanI par3I hai arthAt kalpanAgaurava-doSa huA hai / isIlie gadAdhara ne isa prakaraNa ko samApta karate hue kahA hai ki aise lakSaNa kI anupasthiti meM bhI adhikaraNa kA vyavahAra bar3e Ananda se cala sakatA hai ( etdnupsthitaavpydhikrnnvyvhaaraaditylm'|- vyu0 vA0, pR0 269 ) / ___ taba adhikaraNatva kyA hai ? bhavAnanda kA vicAra hai ki jisa prakAra pratiyogitva aura anuyogitva vijAtIya pratIti se pramANita kiye jAne vAle eka vizeSa prakAra ke svarUpa-sambandha' haiM, usI prakAra Adheyatva aura adhikaraNatva bhI haiM / ataeva saMyogAdi sambandhoM ke binA bhI hameM ina donoM kI viziSTa pratIti hotI hai| Adheyatva kA vijAtIya padArtha adhikaraNatva hai, usI kI pratIti para yaha nirbhara hai| yaha eka pRthak prazna hai ki yaha svarUpa-sambandha AdhArAdheya se bhinna hai yA abhinna hai| kartA aura karma ke mAdhyama se adhikaraNa kA kriyA se anvita honA bhavAnanda ko bhI svIkAra hai / 'gRhe caitraH pacati' meM adhaHsantApana ke rUpa meM jo pAka-kriyA hai usakI sAkSAd vRtti gRha meM nahIM hai, usakI vRtti caitra meM hai| ataH kartA meM ghaTita ( usake mAdhyama se Agata ) paramparA dvArA hI adhikaraNatva yA Adheyatva kA nirUpaNa hotA hai / yahI saptamyartha hai jisakA anvaya pAka-kriyA se hai / 'sthAlyAmodanaM pacati' meM 1. 'svAnyatve sati svaniSThapatanAnutpAdaka-prayojakasaMyogavattve taditi cenna' / -vahIM 1. 'midvayAtmakaH sambandhaH / pratiyogyanuyogyanyatarAtmakaH sambandhaH / sambandhAntaramantareNa vishissttprtiitijnnyogytvm'| -sarvatantrasi0 saMgraha, pR0 231 2. (ka) 'gRhe caitraH pacatItyAdI..... kartRghaTitaparamparayA'dhikaraNatvamAdheyatvaM vA pAkAdikriyAnvitasaptamyarthaH' / -kA0 ca0, pR0 79 21 saM0

Page #322
302 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana karmaghaTita paramparA se adhikaraNatva yA Adheyatva hai| adhaHsaMtApanarUpa pAka-kriyA kI vRtti sthAlI meM nahIM hai tathApi karma ( odana ) ke mAdhyama se calane vAlI paramparA dvArA adhikaraNatva yA Adheyatva saptamI kA artha hotA hai, jisakA anvaya ukta prakAra se pAkakriyA meM hai / isI sthala meM bhavAnanda bhartRhari kI adhikaraNa-kArikA ko pramANa ke rUpa meM rakhate hue kahate haiM- 'evaM kartR karmAnyataradvArA kriyAzrayatve sati tatkriyopakArakatvamadhikaraNatvam' ( kA0 ca0, pR0 80 ) arthAt kartA yA karma inameM se kisI eka ke dvArA kriyA kA Azraya hone ke sAtha-sAtha jo usa kriyA kA upakAraka ( janaka ) ho vahI adhikaraNa hai / kriyAjanaka hone se isakI kArakatA nirUpita hotI hai| antima rUpa se bhavAnanda dvArA svIkRta lakSaNa hai-'paramparayA kriyAzrayatvamadhikaraNatvam' / kartA aura karma ( sAkSAt kriyAzraya ) kA vAraNa karane ke lie 'paramparayA' zabda kA prayoga hai / isIlie prAMgaNa meM sthita hokara lambe DaMDe se kASTha kA saMcAlana karate hue yadi kamare ke bhItara pAkakriyA kI jAya to bhI gRhaM ( adhikaraNa ) kartA ke dvArA kriyA kA Azraya bhale hI na ho- 'gRhe pacati' aisA prayoga sambhava hai / ataH kartA ke dvArA kriyAzraya honA adhikaraNa ke lie koI anivArya tathya nahIM hai| 'paramparayA' vizeSaNa ina udAharaNoM kI vyAkhyA ke sAtha-sAtha kartA yA karma ke dvArA hone vAle kriyAzrayatva ko bhI antarbhUta kara letA hai| prakArAntara se bhI isa vizeSaNa kI sArthakatA samajhI jA sakatI hai / adhaHsantApana ( pAkakriyA ) kA artha hai-sthAlI ke nimna bhAga meM agnisaMyoga ke anukUla kASTha, agni Adi kA vyApAra / inake hI sAtha usa vyApAra kA sIdhA sambandha hai / yadi 'paramparayA' vizeSaNa nahIM hotA to utta vyApAra se sAkSAd vRttivAle kASThAdi padArthoM ko adhikaraNa kahate tathA 'kASThe pacati agnau pacati' ityAdi aniSTa prayoga hone lagate / 'paramparayA' vizeSaNa kI tIsarI sArthakatA hai ki isake abhAva meM 'pathi gacchati' ke samAna 'svasmin gacchati' jaise prayoga hote| kintu 'sva' ke sAtha cUMki 'gacchati' kI sAkSAd vRtti hai ataH adhikaraNa nahIM hotA / tAtparya yaha hai ki vaiyAkaraNoM ke samAna bhavAnanda bhI adhikaraNa ke lakSaNa meM 'paramparA se' kriyA-sambandha para bahuta bala dete haiM / naiyAyikoM meM sAmAnyatayA yaha dhAraNA hai ki adhikaraNa kA kriyA se anvaya honA Avazyaka nahIM / dUsarI ora vaiyAkaraNa isake kArakatva kA nirvAha karane ke lie kriyAnvaya paramAvazyaka samajhate haiM / bhavAnanda ina donoM dRSTikoNoM kI carcA karate hue kahate haiM ki vaiyAkaraNa loga 'bhUtale ghaTa:' jaise prayoga yA to karane nahIM deMge yA gamyamAna kriyA kA AkSepa kreNge| naiyAyikoM ke lie aise prayoga asAdhya nhiiN| isa vAkya kA 'bhUtalAdheyo ghaTa:' aisA zAbdabodha ho sakatA hai| yaha bAta avazya hai ki (kha) 'paramparAsambandhasyApi pratItibalena kvcidaadhaaraadheybhaavniyaamktvopgmaat'| -vyu0 vA0, pR0 269

Page #323
adhikaraNa-kAraka 303 jahA~ kriyA se anvaya hotA hai vahA~ kArakatva kA vyavahAra bhI hogA, anyathA saptamI kA artha adhikaraNatva athavA Adheyatva kahakara zAbdabodha karAyA jA sakatA hai| gadAdhara vyutpattivAda meM aise udAharaNoM meM do sujhAva dete haiN| pahalA yaha hai ki vyAkaraNa ke niyamAnusAra 'vINAyAM zabdaH' ityAdi meM 'bhavati' kriyA kA adhyAhAra kArakatA ke nirvAha ke lie kiyA jAya / dUsarA sujhAva yaha hai ki 'saptamyadhikaraNe ca' ( pA0 2 / 3 / 36 ) isa pANini-sUtra meM 'ca' zabda akArakarUpa AdhAravAcI zabda meM saptamI ke prayoga kA vidhAna karatA hai / isase niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki naiyAyika AdhAramAtra ko adhikaraNa nahIM kahate / kriyA ke paramparayA Azraya hone para unheM adhikaraNa-kAraka kahate haiM, kriyAzraya nahIM hone para AdhArAdheya ke rUpa meM svarUpasambandha hotA hai / ___ina tathyoM para vicAra karane para 'gRhe sthAlyAmodanaM pacati' kA zAbdabodha isa prakAra hogA-- 'gRhAdhikaraNaka-sthAlyadhikaraNaka-odanakarmaka-pAkAnukUla-kRtimAn' / yahAM adhikaraNa kriyAnvita hone se kAraka hai| dUsarI ora 'bhUtale ghaTa:' ke zAbdabodha meM navyanaiyAyikoM ke bIca hI paryApta bheda hai| prAcInoM kA kathana hai ki saptamI kA adhikaraNatva artha hai, punaH prakRtyartha ( mUlArtha, vAcyArtha ) kA Azraya lene ke kAraNa prathamAnta ( ghaTa: ) zabda kA anvaya nirUpaka ke rUpa meM hotA hai| tadanusAra bodha hogA - 'bhUtalaniSThAdhikaraNatA-nirUpako ghaTa:' / bhavAnanda vyaMjanA se ina prAcIna mata meM apanI anAsthA prakaTa karate hue navyamata kI sthApanA karate haiN| prAcIna AcArya jo nirUpakatva-sambandha ke bala para anvaya karate haiM vaha doSapUrNa hai / nirUpakatva-sambandha vRtti kA niyAmaka nahIM hotA hai, ataH niSedha-vAkyoM meM nArtha ke sAtha usakA anvaya nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| 'bhUtale ghaTo nAsti' aise vAkyoM meM jisa sambandha ke dvArA pratiyogitva ( virodhitva ) kI pratIti abhAva-aMza meM hotI hai vaha pratiyogitAvacchedaka sambandha hai, kintu nirUpakatva ko aisA sambandha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isIlie aise vAkyoM meM yaha niSphala sambandha ho jaaygaa| ataeva hama saptamI kA artha Adheyatva leM aura prakRtyartha kA nirUpaka hone se prathamAntArtha kA anvaya adhikaraNa ke rUpa meM kareM'bhUtalanirUpita-AdheyatvavAn ghaTaH' / kahanA nahIM hogA ki naiyAyikoM kA adhikaraNa-vivecana atyanta sUkSma kakSA kA avagAhana karatA hai| navyavyAkaraNa meM adhikaraNa-vicAra : kauNDa tathA nAgeza vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa meM kauNDabhaTTa ne adhikaraNa kA vivecana eka anuccheda meM kiyA hai ( vai0 bhU0, pR0 109) / adhikaraNa se sambaddha saptamI kA AzrayarUpa artha unheM pahale se hI dIkSita dvArA nirdhArita milatA hai / Azrayatva akhaNDa zakti ke rUpa meM avacchedaka dharma hai| kintu Azrayatva mAtra ko adhikaraNatva kaha dene se yaha artha nahIM nikalatA 1. 'athavA saptamyadhikaraNe ceti cakAreNAkArakAdhAravAcino'pi saptamI' / -vyu0 vA0, pR0 270

Page #324
304 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana ki kartA, karma yA karaNa ko bhI adhikaraNa-saMjJA de dI jAya / koNDabhaTTa kahate haiM ki yaha Apatti tabhI ho sakatI thI jaba kartA Adi kArakoM ke dvArA apane viSaya-kSetra meM Ane para adhikaraNa-saMjJA bAdhita nahIM hotii| kintu hama dekhate haiM ki ina sabhI kArakoM kA viSaya-kSetra pRthak-pRthak hai arthAt ye niravakAza hokara adhikaraNa-saMjJA ko bAdhita karate haiM / ataH inake adhikaraNa hone kA prazna hI utpanna nahIM hotaa| ___ phira bhI Azrayatva-sAmAnya artha ke kAraNa dvitIyA, tRtIyA aura saptamI vibhaktiyoM ke paraspara paryAya hone kA prasaGga upasthita ho hI jaaygaa| kintu sthiti aisI nahIM hai / Azraya ke artha meM samAna rahane para bhI Azraya-viSaya ko lekara tInoM meM spaSTa bheda hai / phala kA Azraya hone para dvitIyA, vyApAra kA Azraya hone para tRtIyA tathA kartAkarma kA Azraya hone para saptamI-isa prakAra vibhaktiyoM kI vyavasthA hai| ata: kartA yA karma dvArA kriyAzraya hone kA sAmpradAyika lakSaNa vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa meM bhI duharAyA jAtA hai| nAgeza bhI ukta lakSaNa kI AvRtti karate hue phala tathA vyApAra kA sanniveza karake adhikaraNa kA nirvacana karate haiM---'kartRkarmadvArakaphalavyApArAdhAratvamadhikaraNatvam' ( pa0 la0, pR0 187 ) / phala tathA vyApAra samavAya-sambandha se kramazaH karma tathA kartA meM sthita hote haiM, punaH karma tathA saMyoga-sambandha se AdhAra meM rahate haiN| isa prakAra kriyA kA vizleSaNa karake usakA paramparA-sambandha ( svasamavAyi-saMyogasambandha ) AdhAra meM dikhalAyA jA sakatA hai / 'sthAlyAmodanaM gRhe pacati' yahA~ sthAlI tathA gRha do AdhAra ( adhikaraNa ) haiM / 'pacati' kriyA meM phala viklitti tathA vyApAra pA- ( adhaHsantApanAdi ) hai| viklittirUpa phala odana ( karma ) meM samavAya se hai| dUsare prakAra se odana viklitti kA AdhAra bhI hai, jisase 'odana meM komalatA' jaisA prayoga ho sakatA hai| isake adhikaraNatva kA samarthana 'bhavati' kA adhyAhAra karake ho sakatA hai / aba hama dekhate haiM ki odana kA sambandha saMyogarUpa se sthAlI ke sAtha hai, arthAt odana kA AdhAra sthAlI hai| isa prakAra karma dvArA phala kA AdhAra ( phala ke AdhAra kA AdhAra ) adhikaraNa huaa| sthAlI isI prakAra kA adhikaraNa hai| dUsarI ora, pAkavyApAra kA AdhAra samavAyatayA kartA hai| kartA ( kriyAvAn ) tathA kriyA ke bIca aisA hI sambandha hotA hai, kyoMki ye ayutasiddha haiM / 'kartari pAkavyApAraH' isa rUpa meM kartA ko sAkSAt vyApArAdhAra bhI dikhalA sakate haiM / aba kartA kA AdhAra gRha hai, donoM meM saMyoga-sambandha hai| ata: vyApAra ke samavAyI se saMyoga-sambandha ( vyApAra ke AdhAra kA AdhAra ) hone ke kAraNa gRha bhI adhikaraNa hai / sAkSAt kriyAdhAra hone para adhikaraNa isalie nahIM hotA ki para-sUtroM meM kartA aura karma ke sthita hone ke kAraNa sAkSAt kriyAdhAra meM ina kArakoM ke dvArA adhikaraNa-saMjJA kA bAdha ho jAtA hai| sAkSAt kriyAdhAra ke rUpa meM yadi do saMjJAoM kA samAna viSaya hai to nizcaya hI usa para parasaMjJA kA Adhipatya hogaa|

Page #325
adhikaraNa-kAraka 305 laghUmaJjUSA ( pR0 1234 ) meM isakA vizleSaNa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki 'taNDulaM pacati' ityAdi udAharaNoM meM taNDulAdi ( karma ) ko bhI dhAtvartha-phala ( viklitti ) ke rUpa meM karma ke mAdhyama se kriyAzraya kahA jA sakatA hai, arthAt taNDula bhI 'karmadvArA kriyAzraya' hone se adhikaraNa kA svarUpa le sakatA hai| ise adhikaraNa kyoM nahIM kaheMge ? bAta yaha hai ki taNDula vyApArajanya phala kA bhI Azraya hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, eka ora to yaha adhikaraNa kA lakSaNa pUrA kara rahA hai evaM dUsarI ora karma kA / aisI sthiti meM paratva ke kAraNa karmasaMjJA hI hogI, adhikaraNa nhiiN| pUrvapakSI kI zaMkA ke viparIta yahAM sthiti aisI hai ki dhAtvarthabhUta jisa phala ko premapUrvaka karma kA Asana ve loga dete haiM, vaha to apane se bhinna kriyA kA Azraya ho hI nahIM sakatA-jo kriyA hai vahI phala hai / taNDula to aura bhI dUra kI vastu hai; vaha kahA~ se usa kriyA kA Azraya ho sakegA? ___ nAgeza antataH isa vAkya kA zAbdabodha karAte haiM--'sthAlyadhikaraNikA yA odananiSThA viklittiH tadanukUlo gRhAdhikaraNako maitrakartRko vyApAraH' / yaha bodha ukta sabhI viSayoM para dhyAna rakhakara diyA gayA hai / ( pa0 la0 ma0, pR0 187 ) / ____ adhikaraNa-kAraka ke anvaya ko lekara vyAkaraNazAstra meM do virodhI mata dikhalAyI par3ate haiN| kaiyaTa, bhaTTojidIkSita-prabhRti kA mata hai ki adhikaraNa kA paramparAsambandha se ( svavRttivRttitvAdi se ) sAkSAt kriyA meM hI anvaya hotA hai / dUsarI ora nAgezAdi ke anusAra adhikaraNa kA sAkSAt kartA yA karma meM anvaya hotA hai, taba usake dvArA kriyA meM anvaya hotA hai| spaSTataH nAgeza navyanyAya se prabhAvita haiM, jahA~ 'bhUtale ghaTa:' kA binA kriyA ke bhI anvaya ho jAtA hai| adhikaraNa kA sAkSAt kriyAnvaya nAgeza ko ucitta nahIM lgtaa| ina donoM matoM ke phala pRthaka haiM, jinheM 'akSeSu zauNDa:' (pAsA pheMkane meM catura ) ke samAsa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| prAcIna mata ke anusAra akSa-padArtha kA 'zauNDa' meM anvaya nahIM ho sakane ke kAraNa samAsa nahIM hotA / isa aniSTa prasaGga se bacane ke lie zauNDa kA artha lakSaNA ke dvArA AsaktazoNDa karake AsaktikriyA ke rUpa meM vidyamAna lakSyArtha meM ( jo zauNDa-padArtha kA ekadeza hai ) sAkSAt anvaya karake samAsa kA upapAdana kiyA jA sakatA hai| navyamata meM akSa-zabda kA zauNDa ( kartA ) meM anvaya ho jAtA hai aura kisI prakAra ke draviDa-prANAyAma kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| punaH, zauNDa zabda kA asti-kriyA meM anvaya hI jAtA hai| 1. draSTavya ( la0 za0 ze0, pR0 477 )-'evaM ca kriyAnvayo'pyasya karbAdyanvayadvAraiva / yasya yadvArA kArakatvaM tasya taddvArava kriyAnvaya iti vyutpatteH' / 2. 'kArakANAM kriyayaiva sambandha iti tAvat sthitam / tadiha 'akSazauNDaH' ityAdI saptamyarthaH kvAnvetu ? kriyAyA azravaNAt / satyam, prasaktirUpA kriyA vRttAvantarbhavati / tavArakameva ca sAmarthya yathA vdhyodn-gudddhaanaadissu'| -0 ko0 2, pR0 178 3. aSTamya-siko0 kI lakSmI-nyAzyA, pR. 851 /

Page #326
saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana adhikaraNa ke bheda pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM sarvaprathama pataJjali ne 'saMhitAyAm ' ( 6 / 1 / 72 ) sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM eka hI sAtha adhikaraNa ke tIna bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / ve haiMvyApaka, aupazleSika tathA vaiSayika / isa sambandha meM ve saMhitAdhikAra-sUtra kA pratyAkhyAna karate hue do zabdoM ke bIca aupazleSika sambandha hone kA nirNaya dete haiMeka zabda kA dUsare zabda se isa upazleSa ke atirikta dUsarA kauna-sA sambandha ho sakatA hai ? isIlie 'iko yaNaci ' ( pA0 6 / 1 / 77 ) meM 'aci' aupazleSika adhikaraNa hai, jisakA artha hogA - paravartI ac ( svaravarNa ) meM upazliSTa ( nikaTa se sambaddha ) ik ko 'yaN ho jAtA hai / 306 vaipayika aura vyApaka eka dUsare sthAna meM ina tInoM bhedoM kA pataJjali ne eka dUsare rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai| sUtra meM ' asminnadhikam' ke sthAna para 'asmAdadhikam' kA pATha sujhAne vAle vArtika kA uttara dete hue ve kahate haiM ki paJcamI kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, adhikaraNasaptamI bilkula ThIka hai / prazna hai ki kaisA adhikaraNa yahA~ hai ? kI sambhAvanA nahIM hone se aupazleSika hI yahA~ saMgata hotA hai / upazleSa kA nikaTa sambandha ke rUpa meM artha karane para udAharaNa meM use ThIka se saMghaTita kiyA jA sakatA hai - isa rAta meM ( sau rupayoM ke samUha meM ) ekAdasa kArSApaNa ( gyAraha rupaye ) adhika haiM, arthAt upazliSTa haiM == ekAdazaM zatam ('ekAdazan + Da-pratyaya ) / ataH adhyAhRta upazleSaNa kriyA kI apekSA rakhate hue yahA~ adhikaraNa-kAraka hai, jo kartA ke dvArA huA hai - kartA ke dvArA ye rupaye sau rupayoM meM upazliSTa kiye gaye haiM / bhASya kA eka tIsarA sthala bhI mahattvapUrNa hai jisameM yadyapi tInoM bhedoM kI carcA nahIM hai, tathApi auSazleSika ke viSaya meM uparyukta sthaloM kI puSTi usase hotI hai ' diyA jAya ( dIyate )' tathA ' kiyA jAya ( kAryam )' ina do arthoM meM saptamIsamartha kAlavAcaka zabda se ve hI pratyaya lagAye jAte haiM jo 'tatra bhava:' ( 4|3|53 ) ke artha meM vihita haiM, jaise - mAse dIyate kAryaM vA mAsikam ( Thak ) / yahA~ zaMkA hotI hai ki 'tatra dIyate' ko 'tatra bhavaH' meM hI gatArtha kyoM na kara diyA jAya ? eka mAsa meM jo 1. adhikaraNaM nAma triprakAram -- vyApakam, aupazleSikaM, vaiSayikamiti / zabdasya ca zabdena ko'nyo'bhisambandho bhavitumarhatyanyadata upazleSAt / iko yaNaci - acyupa - zliSTasyeti' / - bhASya 5, pR0 74 2. 'tadasminnadhikam0' ( 5/2/45 ) - ' yadyapi tAvad vaiSayike vyApake vA'dhikaraNatve sambhavo nAsti, aupazleSikamadhikaraNaM vijJAsyate / ekAdaza kArSApaNA upazliSTA asmiJchate = ekAdazaM zatam' / ( bhASya 4, pR0 324 ) / 3. 'tatra ca dIyate kAryaM bhavavat' ( pA0 511196 ) - ' tatra tatra bhavaH' ityeva siddham / na sidhyati / na tanmAse dIyate / kiM tarhi ? mAse gate / evaM tarhi - opazleSikamadhikaraNaM vijJAsyate" ( bhASya 4, pR0 283 ) /

Page #327
adhikaraNa-kAraka 307 diyA jAtA hai vaha usa mAsa meM utpanna hI hotA hai| isa para bhASyakAra kahate haiM ki 'eka mAsa meM diyA jAya' kA artha hai mAsa ke samApta hone para ( mAse gate ) / mAsa ke atikrAnta hone para jo ( vetanAdi ) diyA jAtA hai usakA aupazleSika adhikaraNa mAsa hai, kyoMki mAsa se usakA sAmIpika sambandha hai ( tena 'vaTe gAvaH' itivat sAmIpikamidamadhikaraNam - udyota, uparivat ) ukta tInoM adhikaraNoM kI alaga-alaga vyAkhyA ke pUrva aba hama ina bhedoM ke mUla kAraNa kA vivecana kreN| isa viSaya meM vAkyapadIya kI kArikAe~ hI sahAyaka haiN| upazleSa ( samIpagata sambandha ) kI sattA sAmAnyatayA sabhI prakAra ke adhikaraNoM meM rahatI hai cAhe vaha tila ho ( vyApaka ), AkAza ho ( vaiSayika ) yA caTAI ho ( aupazleSika )' / upazleSa kI abhinnatA sarvatra rahane para bhI sambandha athavA upakAra ke prakAra bhinna-bhinna haiM-saMyoga vAle AdhAra meM eka prakAra sambandha hai to samaya vAle meM dUsare hI prakAra kA / 'devadattaH kaTe Aste' ( caTAI para baiThA hai ) isa udAharaNa meM saMyoga-sambandha se yukta caTAI kA upazleSa devadatta ke sAtha sabhI avayavoM kI vyApti pUrvaka nahIM hai, pratyuta katipaya avayavoM kI vyApti hone ke kAraNa sAmAnyarUpa se ise aupazleSika AdhAra kahate haiM / 'tileSu tailam' isameM taila-rasa samavAya-sambandha se yukta hai, usakA tila ke sAtha sambandha sabhI avayavoM ko vyApta karate hue hotA hai--yaha vyApaka adhikaraNa hai| 'khe zakunayaH' (AkAza meM pakSI)-yahA~ AkAza meM paramArthataH avayavoM kA abhAva hone se, usake pravibhAga kI kalpanA karake, pakSI kA sambandha dikhalAyA gayA hai-yaha vaiSayika adhikaraNa hai|| helArAja ke anusAra yahA~ viSaya kA artha hai-ananyatrabhAva, arthAt kahIM dUsarI jagaha para na honaa| isIlie yahA~ bhI katipaya avayavoM ko kalpita rUpa meM vyApta kara sakane ke kAraNa saMyoga se upazleSa hI hai / 'gurau vasati' meM cUMki ziSya kI vRtti guru ke adhIna hai, ataH ise mAnate hue vaiSayika adhikaraNa guru hai, ziSya (kartA) ke mAdhyama se yahA~ kriyAdhAratA hai| yahA~ upazleSa bhI buddhi-parikalpita hai / 'yuddhe saMnahyate' ( yuddha meM prastuta hotA hai )-yahA~ yuddha ke uddezya se kavacAdi bandhana ke rUpa meM taiyArI hotI hai, isa pravRtti kA viSaya yuddha hai| yaha bhI vaiSayika hI hai| 'gaGgAyAM gAvaH' meM gaGgA zabda sAmIpya ke sAtha apane pradeza kA bodhaka hai, jise aupazleSika ke antargata rakhA jA sakatA hai| 'zatrorabhAve sukham' meM bhI abhAva. ko buddhi-kalpita kArakatva hotA hai ( helArAja 3, pR0 349 ) / isa prakAra upazleSAtmaka AdhAra ke upakAra-bheda se kaI prakAra ho jAte haiM / ina 1. 'upazleSasya cAbhedastilAkAzakaTAdiSu / upakArAstu bhidyante saMyogisa vAyinAm // -vA0pa0 3 / 7 / 149 2. 'anyathA tu saMyoginyAdhAre sambandhaH, anyathA tu samavAyinIti sambandhibhedAd bhinnatvena. vypdeshH| -helArAja 3, pR0 349

Page #328
308 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana upakAroM kI saMkhyA yadyapi ananta hai, tathApi kucha kA nirdeza vAkyapadIya meM kiyA gayA hai / mukhyatayA ye vahI upakAra haiM jo uparyukta AdhAra-traya kI vyAkhyA meM samartha haiM 'avinAzo gurutvasya pratibandhe svatantratA / digvizeSAdavaccheda ityAdyA bhedahetavaH ||-vaa0p0 3 / 7 / 150 adhikaraNa-bheda ke kAraNa-rUpa ina upakAroM meM pahalA hai-avinAza / kucha AdhAra apane Adheya kA isa prakAra upakAra karate haiM ki Adheya kA nAza na ho ske| tila ( AdhAra ) kA nAza ho jAya to taila ( Adheya ) bhI bikhara kara naSTa ho jAya / isa prakAra tila ke dvArA taila kA avinAza-rUpa upakAra kiyA jAtA hai| dUsarA upakAra haigurutva ( bhAra, vajana ) ke pratibandha ( rokane ) meM svatantra honA / 'paryake zete' isa udAharaNa meM paryaGka ( AdhAra ) kA upakAra yahI hai ki vaha zayana karane vAle vyakti ke gurutva ko rokane meM svatantra rUpa se kAma kara rahA hai| isa upakAra ke abhAva meM vyakti apane bhAra ke kAraNa pRthvI para hI A jAya / tIsarA upakAra hai--digvizeSa se sambandha kI vyApti ( digvizeSAdavacchedaH ) / 'khe zakunayaH' isameM AkAza ( AdhAra ) kA pakSiyoM ke prati yaha upakAra hai ki pakSI dizAvizeSa se sambaddha haiM, unake nimnadeza ke sambandha kA apAkaraNa karate hue hI Adheya ke upayoga meM AdhAra A rahA hai| helArAja Adi-zabda se anya kaI gamyamAna upakAroM meM zakaTAdi AdhAra se dezavizeSa kI samprApti ( pahu~canA ) kA ullekha karate haiM, jisakA vAkya hogAzakaTe yAti / punaH 'gurau vasati' meM guru ( AdhAra ) ke dvArA ziSyoM meM saMskArAtizaya lAnA bhI upakAra hai| paryaGka bhI uparyukta upakAra ke sAtha vizrAma ( sausthityam ) rUpa upakAra bhI karatA hai| digvizeSa ke sambandha ke rUpa meM jo AdhAra dvArA Adheya kA upakAra hotA hai usI meM kaI udAharaNa haiM-'prAcyAmAditya udeti, pratIcyAmastameti / dakSiNasyAmagastyaH, uttarasyAM dhruvaH'' / aba hama yahA~ uparyukta saMkSepataH nirdiSTa bhedoM kA pRthak nirUpaNa kreNge| (1) vyApaka adhikaraNa - isakA sAmAnya nAma abhivyApaka bhI hai| isakI do paristhitiyA~ haiM -Adheya padArtha ke sAtha samavAya-sambandha rahanA tathA apane sabhI avayavoM meM Adheya dvArA vyApti / isake udAharaNa haiM-tileSu tailam, ghaTe rUpam, zarIre ceSTA, dadhati sapiH / pANinIyetara sampradAya ke kucha vaiyAkaraNoM ne tila ke vyApakatva para zaMkA prakaTa kI hai| suSeNa kavirAja ( kAtantra ) tila tathA taila meM samavAya-sambandha kA abhAva dekhakara tila ko aupazleSika adhikaraNa mAnate haiM / 1. draSTavya-helArAja 3, pR0 349 tathA la0 ma0, pR0 1325-26 / 2. ( ka ) 'yatra sarvAvayavAvacchedena vyAptistat' / -la0 ma0, pR0 1327 (kha) 'yatra sarvAvayavAvacchedenAdheyasya vyAptiH, ... 'samavAyena yadadhikaraNamiti yAvat' / --pa0 la0 ma0 kI vaMzI-TIkA, pR0 158 3.ninendrabuddhi bhI ( nyAsa 1, pR0 562) tila-tala meM saMpoga-sambandha mAnate

Page #329
adhikaraNa-kAraka 309 kintu rAmatarkavAgIza Adi ne kahA hai ki donoM meM saMyoga-sambandha pratIta hone para bhI deza-vibhAga ke abhAva meM ( kyoMki donoM kI samAna deza meM sattA hai ) saMyoga-sambandha nahIM kahA jA sakatA' / saMyoga vahIM hotA hai jahAM vibhAga bhI sambhava ho, kintu taila ke alaga hone para tila kI sattA hI nahIM rhtii| ataH saMyogAbhAva meM samavAya hI mAnA jA sakatA hai| navyavaiyAkaraNa ( pANinIya ) sAmAnya rUpa se samavAya-sambandha kI siddhi karate haiN| yaha sarvamAnya tathya hai ki avayava-avayavI ke bIca samavAya hai| yaha bhI satya hai ki tela meM sthita AdheyatA avacchedakatA-sambandha se sabhI avayavoM meM vartamAna hai| dUsarI ora, unhIM avayavoM meM tila kI bhI sattA samavAya-sambandha se hai| tila avayavI hai, apane avayavoM meM samavAyataH rahegA hI / antataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki tila samavAya-sambandha se avacchinna vyApakatA se yukta hai, ataH abhivyApaka hai / pataJjali do sthAnoM para isa AdhAra kI carcA karate hue ise mukhya AdhAra mAnate haiM, kintu adhikaraNa-sUtra meM 'tamap' pratyaya kA abhAva unheM yaha kahane ko vivaza karatA hai ki gauNa aura mukhya kA bheda yahA~ vAstava meM nahIM hai| vyApaka mukhya hone para bhI yaha nahIM kahatA ki anya AdhAra adhikaraNa nahIM haiM / pataJjali kI paMktiyA~ haiM- "tathAdhAramAcAryaH kiM nyAyyaM manyate ? yatra kRtsna AdhArAtmA vyApto bhavati / tenehaiva syAt-tileSu tailam, dadhni sapiriti / gaGgAyAM gAvaH, kUpe gargakulam ---ityatra na syAt / 'kArakasaMjJAyAM taratamayogo na bhavati' ityatrApi siddhaM bhvti"| (bhASya 1 / 4 / 42 ) / antima vAkya meM Uha ( viSayAnusAra parivartana ) karake 'svarita-sUtra' ( 1 / 3 / 11 ) meM bhI ye hI paMktiyAM haiN| spaSTata: bhASyakAra vyApaketara AdhAroM ko gauNa mAnate haiM / yaha to AdhAra meM tamap kA abhAva hai ki anya AdhAra bhI adhikaraNa hote haiN| nAgeza ne AdhAra ke mukhya-gauNa hone kA pratipAdana kiyA hai ( la0 ma0, 50 1327-28 ) / vyApaka AdhAra isalie mukhya hai ki prakRtyarthatArUpa avacchedaka se viziSTa meM hI vibhaktyartha ( saptamyartha ) kA anvaya honA ucita hai / tila kA prakRtyartha tilamAtra hai jisakA avacchedaka hai tilatva / yaha ( tilatva ) tila ke sampUrNa avayava meM rahatA hai, eka avayava meM nhiiN| tilatvaviziSTa tila meM hI saptamI kA artha ( vaha Azrayatva ho yA adhikaraNatva ) avasthita hai, anvita hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki haiM kintu tarkavAgIza ke samAna hI dezavibhAga kA abhAva dekhakara saMzleSa-vyavahAra kI anupasthiti svIkAra karate haiM --'yadyapyatra tilAdInAM tailAdibhiH saha saMyogo'sti tathApi deza vibhAgAbhAvAdatra saMzleSavyavahAro nAstItyaupazleSikAt ttpRthgevopsthaapyte'| 1. gurupada hAldAra, vyA0 da0 iti0, pR0 326 / 2. pA0 1 / 4 / 42 ( sAdhakatamaM karaNam ) tathA 1 / 3 / 11 ( svaritenAdhikAraH ) sUtroM kI vyAkhyA meN|

Page #330
310 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana vyApakAdhAra meM sambandha kI sAkSAt sattA hotI hai, jaba ki aupazleSika meM avayava meM sthita saMyoga-sambandha kA avayavI para Aropa hotA hai| vRkSa ke ekadeza meM vRkSatva nahIM hotA, vaha pUre vRkSa meM hI hotA hai kintu 'vRkSe vAnaraH tiSThati' meM vRkSa meM adhikaraNatA kA bhAna hotA hai / yahA~ vAstava meM ekadeza-gata AdhAratva kA vRkSa meM Aropa ke dvArA bodha hotA hai, isIlie yaha gauNa hai| vaiSayika AdhAra ke udAharaNa 'khe zakunayaH' meM bhI AkAzatva se viziSTa sampUrNa ( AkAza ) meM adhikaraNatva kI pratIti nahIM hotI hai, ataH vaha bhI gauNAdhAra hI hai| vyApakAdhAra ke udAharaNa 'dadhni sapi:' meM dadhitvaviziSTa ( dadhi ) meM hI adhikaraNatva kI pratIti hotI hai jisase Aropa ke binA hI adhikaraNatva ke anvaya kA bodha hotA hai| ataH isakI mukhyatA nirvivAda hai / yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki svaritatva-pratijJA ke kAraNa gauNAdhAroM meM bhI saptamI kI zakti rahatI hai| (2) aupazleSika adhikaraNa-yaha upazleSa zabda se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa sAmIpyagata sambandha ke dvArA utpanna AdhAra ke artha meM AtA hai / isa artha kA samarthana bhASya ke ukta tInoM prasaMgoM meM hotA hai| tadanusAra AdhAra aura Adheya meM sAmIpika sambandha hone se yaha adhikaraNa hotA hai, jaise-iko yaNaci / kintu isa zAbdika artha meM aupazleSika adhikaraNa kA grahaNa karane para 'kaTe Aste' ityAdi udAharaNoM kI upapatti nahIM hogii| isalie isakA vyutpattinimitta artha chor3akara pravRttinimitta artha grahaNa karane kI AvazyakatA hai / helArAja ke zabdoM meM hama dekha cuke haiM ki eka AdhAra aisA bhI hotA hai jahA~ katipaya avayavoM kI hI vyApti hotI hai, jisake udAharaNa meM 'kaTe Aste' diyA gayA hai| isI se isake dUsare lakSaNa kA AbhAsa mila sakatA hai / nAgeza kA kathana hai ki Adheya ke dvArA jaba AdhAra ke kucha hI avayavoM ko vyApta kiyA jAya to vaha bhI upazleSa hI kahalAtA hai, aise upazleSa ke dvArA niSpanna adhikaraNa aupazleSika haiM / caTAI ke kucha avayavoM ko arthAt ekadeza ko hI Adheya ( baiThanevAlA ) vyApta karatA hai| ataH caTAI aupazleSika adhikaraNa hai| isa artha meM bhI upazleSa kI vyutpatti karane kA prayAsa huA hai / zleSa kA artha sarvAdhAra kI vyApti ke rUpa meM mukhya AdhAra kareM aura isake samIpa ( milatA-julatA, prAyaH vaisA hI kintu kama avayavoM ko vyApta 1.50 la0 ma0 ( pR0 188 ) meM kaiyaTa dvArA diye gaye aupazleSika adhikaraNa ke 'kaTe Aste' udAharaNa kA khaNDana nAgeza ne ukta bhASya ke virodha ke hI kAraNa kiyA hai tathA ise vaiSayika adhikaraNa ke antargata rakhA hai| kintu nAgeza kA yaha vicAra atyanta prAthamika tathA bhASya ke prati gAr3habhakti ke kAraNa niSpanna pratIta hotA hai, jisakA nirAkaraNa unhoMne laghumaMjUSA tathA zabdenduzekhara meM bhI kiyA hai| 2. draSTavya (la0 ma0, pR0 1326 )-'yatkiJcidavayavAvacchedenAdhArasyAdheyena vyAptirapyupazleSaH' / yathA-kaTe aaste|

Page #331
adhikaraNa-kAraka 311 karane vAlA ) vidyamAna AdhAra upazleSa hai-aisA kahA jA sakatA hai / isI se gaMgAnadI ke ekadeza meM tairatI huI gAyoM ke lie 'gaGgAyAM gAva:' kA tathA kue~ ke eka bhAga meM gargakula ke sthita rahane para 'kUpe gargakulam' kA prayoga hotA hai / isa udAharaNa meM tathA 'gaGgAvAM ghoSaH'2 ityAdi meM pUrvokta artha ( sAmIpya ) meM bhI isa adhikaraNa kI upapatti ho sakatI hai, kintu isa dUsare lakSaNa meM adhika vyApakatA hai--sAmIpika sambandha ho yA AdhAra ke antargata hI Adheya ho, donoM sthitiyoM meM yaha lakSaNa saMghaTita hotA hai / niSkarSataH aupazleSika adhikaraNa sAmIpya yA saMyoga, kisI bhI sambandha se ho sakatA hai| upazleSa kA artha saMyoga lene para yaha Apatti ho sakatI hai ki 'vaTe gAva: zerate', 'gurau vasati' ityAdi udAharaNoM meM saMyogAbhAva ke kAraNa aupazleSika adhikaraNa anupapanna ho jaaygaa| kintu yaha niHsAra AzaMkA hai| saMyoga kA artha aura bhI vyApaka hai--gau se saMyukta deza kA saMyoga bhI saMyoga hI hai| vaTa meM nizcaya hI isa prakAra kA saMyoga hai / isI prakAra 'iko yaNaci' meM ik ke dvArA nirUpita kAlika sAmIpyarUpa saMyoga kI sattA hai / ( 3 ) vaiSayika adhikaraNa-viSaya-sambandha se hone vAlA adhikaraNa vaiSayika hai| 'viSaya' ke artha ko lekara prAcIna aura navIna vaiyAkaraNoM meM matabheda hai / prAcIna AcArya 'ananyatra-bhAva' (dUsare sthAna meM na rahanA ) ko viSaya kahate haiN| inameM helArAja ( vA0 pa0 37 / 149 kI TIkA ), jinendrabuddhi ( nyAsa, pR0 562 ) mukhya haiM / jinendrabuddhi kahate haiM ki jaise cakSuHprabhRti indriyA~ rUpAdi se alaga nahIM pAyI jAtIM aura isase cakSu Adi kA viSaya rUpAdi ko kahA jAtA hai, usI prakAra 'gurau vasati' ityAdi meM viSaya kI sattA guru se pRthak ( anyatrabhAva ) nahIM hai; isalie guru ziSya kA viSaya hai| itanA hI nahIM, navIna vaiyAkaraNoM ke vivecana kI pRSThabhUmi bhI inake nyAsa meM hI hai| 1. 'yadvA ekadezAvacchedena zleSe'pi zleSasya samIpamupazleSaM tatkRtamityaupazleSikatvamityabhiprAyeNa tadudAharaNam ( = kaTe zete ) / -la0 za0 ze0, pR0 478 2. 'gaGgAyAM ghoSaH' meM sAmIpyamUlaka aupazleSika adhikaraNatva hai, jisase zakti ( abhidhA ) ke dvArA hI anvayabodha kI upapatti ho jAtI hai| taba kAvyazAstra meM ise lakSaNA se kyoM siddha karate haiM ? bAta yaha hai ki pataJjali avyavahita sAmIpya ko hI AdhAra hone kA kAraNa ( niyAmaka ) mAnate haiM, vyavahita ko nahIM / prastuta sthala meM sAmIpya vyavahita hai, jisase gaMgA-zabda kI tIra meM lakSaNA mAnakara hI AdhAratva kI upapatti hotI hai / (draSTavya-la0 ma0, pR0 1327-28)- "avyavahitasAmIpyamevAdhAratvaniyAmakam, na tu vyavahitamiti 'saMhitAyAm' ( 6 / 1 / 72 ) iti sUtre bhASye dhvanitam / vyavahitasAmIpye 'gaGgAyAM ghoSaH' ityAdau gaGgAzabdasya tIre lkssnnaa"| 3. draSTavya-pa0 la0 ma0 ( vaMzI), pRSTha 159 / 4. si0 ko0 ( lakSmI TIkA ), pR0 851 /

Page #332
312 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana prazna hai ki jaba AdhAra kA artha Azraya hai taba vaha yA to saMyoga-sambandha se hogA yA samavAya se / ziSya kA guru ke sAtha inameM koI sambandha nahIM hai, taba guru adhikaraNa kaise huA ? uttara hai ki jisake adhIna jisakI sthiti hotI hai vaha saMyoga yA samavAya ke binA bhI usakA Azraya hotA hai| rAjA ke adhIna puruSa kI sthiti hai to rAjA usakA Azraya hai / rAjA ke sAtha puruSa kA na to saMyoga hai, na samavAya kintu tadadhIna sthiti ke kAraNa loka meM vyavahAra hotA hai-rAjAzrayaH puruSaH ( vaha puruSa jisakA Azraya rAjA hai ) / usI prakAra ziSyoM kI sthiti guru ke adhIna hai, isalie guru kA Azrayatva sarvathA upapanna hai ( nyAsa, vahIM ) / navyavyAkaraNa meM sAmIpya, saMyoga tathA samavAya-ina tInoM se bhinna sambandha ko vaiSayika adhikaraNa kA niyAmaka mAnA gayA hai jaise- 'khe zakunayaH' / AkAza jo amUrta tathA vyApaka dravya hai, usameM avayavoM kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa na to sabhI avayavoM ko vyApta karane vAlA vyApaka adhikaraNa hogA, na hI kucha avayavoM ko vyApta karanevAlA aupazleSika adhikaraNa / kalpita deza-bhAga hone se vaiSayika adhikaraNa hI zaraNa hai / paramalaghumaJjUSA meM nAgeza isI AdhAra para 'jale santi matsyAH ' ko vaiSayika kA udAharaNa rakhate haiM kintu vastutaH yahA~ saMyoga-sambandha hai / jala mUrta hai jisake ekadeza meM matsyoM kI sthiti hai / yaha eka dUsarA prazna hai ki usake avayava nahIM haiM, kintu dezavizeSa ke Azrayavaza usake vibhAgoM kI kalpanA ho sakatI hai jisase ise aupazleSika mAnanA adhika saMgata hogA / tathApi AzrayAzrayibhAva-rUpa viSayatA-sambandha se isakA antarbhAva vaiSayika adhikaraNa meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| laghumaJjUSA meM nAgeza kI sthiti sudhara jAtI hai| ve kahate haiM ki aprAptipUrvaka prApti ke rUpa meM jo saMyoga-sambandha hai usase tathA samavAya se bhinna sambandha se jo adhikaraNa hotA hai vahI vaiSayika hai, jaise- 'khe zakunayaH, mokSe icchaasti'| yaha pichalA udAharaNa sarvazreSTha tathA nirvivAda hai / cUMki sabhI icchAe~ saviSaya hotI haiM, ata: yahAM icchA meM mokSa viSayatA-sambandha se anvita hotA hai| rAmatarkavAgIza ne viSaya ke nimnAMkita bheda kiye haiM(1) ananyatra bhAva ( avinAbhAva-sambandha ) yathA-'AkAze zabdo jAyate' / (2) bodhya padArtha yathA-'dharme vedAH pramANam' / dharma aura veda meM bodhya-bodhakabhAva hai| ( 3 ) AzrayaNIya yathA-'tIrthe vasati' / tIrtha aura usake nivAsI meM AzrayAzrayi-bhAva hai| (4) upasthAnIya ( upAsya ) yathA-'guro vasati ziSyaH' / guru tathA ziSya ke bIca upAsyopAsaka-bhAva hai / isa prakAra ina sabhI meM viSayatA-sambandha hai|' 1. tulanIya-prakriyA-kaumudI ( prasAda-TIkA ), pR0 455 / 2. 'aprAptayostu yA prAptiH saiva saMyoga iiritH'| -bhASApari0, kA0 116 3. gurupada hAldAra, vyA0 da0 iti0, pR0 328 /

Page #333
adhikaraNa-kAraka adhikaraNa ke anya bheda yadyapi adhikaraNa ke ukta tInoM bhedoM meM sabhI AdhAroM kA antarbhAva ho jAtA hai, tathApi prapaMca ke lie pANinIyetara sampradAyoM meM AcAryoM ne kucha anya bhedoM kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai / inameM cAndra, vAraruca, saupadma tathA mugdhabodha meM sAmopika nAmaka cauthA bheda svIkRta hai, jaise - gaGgAyAM ghoSaH / isakA antarbhAva aupazleSika meM hone para bhI pRthak nirdeza batalAtA hai ki lakSaNA bodhita hone vAle padArthoM ko bhI adhikaraNa kahA jA sakatA hai, jaise - 'karazAkhAzikhare kareNuzatamAste' ( a~guliyoM ke chora para saiMkar3oM hAthI haiM - vaza meM haiM ) / ise cAgudAsa aupacArika adhikaraNa ( pA~cavA bheda ) mAnate haiM / sArasvata tathA bhojadeva ke sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa meM naimittika nAmaka chaThA bheda bhI svIkRta hai, jisakA udAharaNa hai - 'yuddhe saMnahyate vIra:' ( yuddha ke nimitta vIra prastuta hotA hai ) / hama dekha cuke haiM ki helArAja ise vaiSayika adhikaraNa mAnate haiM / sArasvata-sampradAya ke laghu bhASya ( pR0 270 ) meM kahA gayA hai ---- 'AdhArastrividho jJeyaH kaTAkAzatileSu ca / nimittAdiprabhedAcca SaDvidhaH kaizcidiSyate ' // 313 isameM chaha bhedoM ke udAharaNa dekara unakA zAbdabodha bhI karAyA gayA hai, jo kramaza: isa prakAra haiM ( 1 ) aupazleSika - 'kaTe zete kumAro'sau' / bodha - 'ekakaTAbhinnAzrayako nidrAnukUla ekakumArAbhinnAzrayako vartamAno vyApAraH' / ( 2 ) sAmIpika - 'vaTe gAvaH su zerate' / 'vaTA bhinnAdhAraka nidrAnukUlo bahugobhinnAdhArakavartamAno vyApAraH' / gAyoM kA vaTa se saMyoga nahIM rahane ke kAraNa yaha AdhAra opazleSika se bhinna hai / tIna hI AdhAra mAnane vAle pakSa meM aupazleSika meM isakA antarbhAva ho sakatA hai, yadi vaTa meM saMyoga Aropita ho / (3) abhivyApaka - tileSu vidyate tailam' / ' bahutilAbhinnAdhAraka AtmadhAraNAnukUla ekatailAbhinnAzrayo vartamAno vyApAraH' / ( 4 ) vaiSayika - 'hRdi brahmAmRtaM param ' ( nididhyAsatAM sphurati ) = dhyAna karane vAloM ke hRdaya meM parabrahmarUpa amRta sphurita hotA hai / bodha - 'hRdayAbhinnAzrayaka AtmadhAraNAnukUlaH sphuraNAnukUlo vA ekabrahmAbhinnAzrayako vartamAno vyApAraH' / (5) naimittika - 'yuddhe saMnahyate vIra:' / 'yuddhAbhinnAdhArakaH kavaca bandhanAnukUla ekadhIrAbhinnAzrayako vartamAno vyApAraH' / nimitta kA artha hetu hai, yahA~ kavaca-bandhana kA phala ( uddezya ) yuddha hai ataH vaha nimitta hai / phala bhI kabhI-kabhI hetu kahalAtA hai / isakA nirvAha vaiSayika ke antargata sambhava hai / 1. raghunAtha, laghubhASya ( veMkaTezvara presa, bambaI ), pR0 271-72 /

Page #334
314 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana ( 6 ) aupacArika-upacAra kA artha hai eka sthAna meM vidyamAna sambandha kA dUsare sthAna para Aropa / yathA-'aGagulyagre kariNAM zatam' / 'aGagulyagrAbhinnAzrayaka AtmadhAraNAnukUla: karisambandhazatAbhinnAzrayako vartamAno vyApAraH' / hAthI aura bhUmi kA AdhArAdheyabhAva aMguli ke agrabhAga para Aropita hai| yaha bhI aupazleSika hI hai / laghubhASyakAra bhI atirikta tInoM bhedoM ko aupazleSika meM antarbhUta karane ke pakSapAtI haiN| isa prakAra tInoM adhikaraNoM ko hI antima vargIkaraNa mAnane meM koI doSa nahIM, kyoMki aupazleSika kI vyApti bahuta adhika hai|

Page #335
upasaMhAra vigata adhyAyoM meM hamane pANini se Arambha kara isa sampradAya meM AvirbhUta pramukha AcAryoM dvArA kAraka ke prazna para kiye gaye vicAroM kA aitihAsika krama se paryavekSaNa kiyA hai / hamane yaha dekhA hai ki mUla sUtra kI vyAkhyA ke vyAja se TIkAkAroM ne vibhinna kArakoM kI tAttvika mImAMsA kI hai tathA saMskRta bhASA meM prApti tathAkathita sandigdha udAharaNoM ke sAtha sAmaJjasya rakhate hue unhoMne kAraka ke mUla prazna kA samAdhAna kiyA hai / kArakatattva ke cintana meM phira bhI kArakatva ke prazna para utanI vyApaka sAmagrI nahIM milatI / TIkAkAroM ne kartrAdi kAraka - bhedoM ke vizleSaNa meM ukta viSaya kI apekSA adhika zakti lagAyI hai / isakA mukhya kAraNa to yahI pratIta hotA hai ki pANini ne svayaM 'kAraka' ko paribhASita nahIM kiyA tathA ise anvartha-saMjJA yA loka meM saralatA se bodhya saMjJA mAnakara ise adhikAra - sUtra ke antargata rakhA hai| phira bhI kArakazakti kI bAhya abhivyakti ke AdhAra para anuvartI AcAryoM ne isake lakSaNa karane ke prayAsa kiye haiM; kriyA - nirvartaka, kriyAjanaka, kriyA-sampAdakaprabhRti lakSaNa isakA svarUpa nirdhAraNa karate hue bhI sarvathA anavadya nahIM haiM - yaha hamane siddha kiyA hai / vAstava meM kAraka eka zakti hai jo kriyA ke sampAdana meM apanI pravRtti dikhalAtI hai / isa dRSTi se kArakatattva kA vivecana bhASA-vaijJAnika yA zabdazAstrIya na hokara dArzanika koTi meM AtA hai / zakti kI dravyabhinnatA vyAkaraNa-darzana meM svIkRta hai, bhale hI isameM nyAya-vaizeSika darzanoM kA virodha hotA hai / isa viSaya meM bhartRhari kA zakti - vivecana vyAkaraNa-darzana meM antima zabda ke rUpa meM mAnya hai, jisameM kAraka kA lakSaNa isI zakti ke rUpa meM svIkRta hai / yaha kArakazakti vibhakti ke dvArA abhivyakta hone ke kAraNa usase bhinna hai / prastuta prabandha meM vistArapUrvaka prayogoM ke sAtha donoM kA antara spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / yadyapi 'vibhakti' zabda kA prayoga pANini meM sup tiG tathA katipaya taddhita pratyayoM ke lie bhI huA hai, tathApi isa sthAna para kAraka aura vibhakti ke vaiSamya kA nirUpaNa karane ke lie vibhakti sup-pratyaya mAtra ke sImita artha meM, pANini-sUtroM meM bhI, gRhIta huI hai - yaha yahA~ dikhalAyA gayA hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI siddha kiyA gayA hai ki vibhakti bhASA ke bahiraMga se sambaddha hai jaba ki kAraka zakti rUpa hone ke kAraNa usake antaraMga arthAt dArzanika pakSa yA 'arthapakSa' se sambaddha hai / karmAdi kArakoM kA kriyA se sambandha honA anivArya hai kyoMki kArakazakti kriyA kI niSpatti meM hI vibhinna yahI kAraka tathA kAraNa meM prakAra se sahAyatA karatI hai, mUla bheda hai / isa prasaGga ke dravyoM kI utpatti meM nahIM / spaSTIkaraNa ke lie hamane

Page #336
316 saMskRta - vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana sambaddha adhyAya meM kriyA kA apekSAkRta vistArapUrvaka vivecana kiyA hai jisameM nyAya, mImAMsA tathA vyAkaraNa meM vivecita dhAtvartha kA nirUpaNa hai / prabandha ke vyAkaraNonmukha hone ke kAraNa anta meM vyAkaraNa-mata kI hI sthApanA kI gayI hai anyathA tantra- vizeSa meM sImita hokara kAraka - vivecana karane kI pratijJA kA bhaMga hotA / vaiyAkaraNoM ke dvArA phala aura vyApAra ke saMyukta artha meM dhAtu kA abhyupagama hone se hI sakarmaka akarmaka dhAtu kI vyavasthA ho pAtI hai tathA kArakoM kI saMkhyA ke kramika vikAsa para bhI prakAza par3atA hai| kArakoM kI saMkhyA ke vikAsa ko hamane cAra caraNoM yA avasthAoM meM pradarzita kiyA hai, jo nimna rUpa meM haiM ( 1 ) kartA - ' kAraka' zabda kI anvarthatA ke sandarbha meM yahI sabase maulika kAraka siddha hotA hai / anya kAraka bhI mUlataH kartRzakti se yukta hokara hI nimittabheda se tattat kArakazaktiyoM ko dhAraNa karate kahe jAte haiM / yahI anya kAraka bhedoM kA kAraka hai jisase ve yathAvasara apanI mUla zakti kI abhivyakti karane ke lie vivakSA se prerita hote haiM / ataH sabhI bhASAoM kA maulika kAraka kartA hai / ( 2 ) karma-kartA ke bAda dUsarA mahattvapUrNa sthAna isI kA hai, kyoMki dhAtvartha ( vyApAra aura phala ) ke Azraya ke rUpa meM kramazaH kartA tathA karma hI haiM / kriyAniSpatti meM isIlie ina donoM kI sarvAdhika upakArakatA rahatI hai| ataH nyUnatama ye do kAraka to kisI bhI bhASA ke lie anivArya haiM / ( karaNa tathA adhikaraNa - ye donoM kAraka isalie tRtIya caraNa ke kAraka haiM ki pUrva se vidyamAna rahane vAle kartA yA karma kI sahAyatA kriyAniSpatti meM karate haiN| adhika spaSTatayA kaha sakate haiM ki karaNa kriyAniSpatti ke nikaTatama rahakara kartA IT upakAraka hai to adhikaraNa kartA yA karma ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM sthita hokara donoM kA upakAra karatA hai| uparyukta cAra kAraka bhedoM meM hI prAyaza: saralatA se kartRtva kI maulika sattA dikhalAnA sambhava hai; ataeva kucha loga apanI yuktiyoM se cAra kArakoM kI hI sattA dikhalAte haiM, kintu yaha bhrAmaka vicAra hai / meM antima caraNa meM huA hai / yadyapi inake gayI haiM, tathApi kramaza: karma tathA kartA ke upakAraka mAne gaye haiM jisase inakI kArakatA siddha hotI hai / ( 4 ) sampradAna tathA apAdAna -ina donoM kArakoM kA yoga uparyukta kArakacakra kAraka hone ke vipakSa meM kaI yuktiyA~ dI upakAraka hone ke kAraNa kriyA ke bhI pANini ke sUtroM meM jo kArakoM kA paurvAparya hai, vaha isa caraNagata vikAsa se pUrNatayA saMgati rakhatA hai, kyoMki pANinIya krama ke anusAra apAdAna- sampradAna, karaNaadhikaraNa, karma tathA kartA isa rUpa meM kArakoM kA mahattva kramazaH bar3hatA gayA hai / kama mahattvapUrNa kAraka pahale diye gaye haiM aura adhika mahattvapUrNa bAda meM / vipratiSedha- paribhASA kI kArakoM meM pravRtti hone kI pRSThabhUSi meM yahI yuktisaMgata vikAsa kAma karatA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM, apAdAna ko dUsare kAraka bAdhita karate haiM ( 'apAdAnamuttarANi kAra

Page #337
upasaMhAra 317 kANi bAdhante'.-pataJjali kI ukti ) yathA kartA ke dvArA dUsare kAraka bAdhita hote haiM; vaha isalie sambhava hotA hai ki apAdAna sabase kama mahattva rakhane vAlA antima caraNa meM vikasita kAraka hai aura kartA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa maulika kAraka hai| ' ___ jahA~ taka sambodhana kA prazna hai use kAraka ke rUpa meM nahIM dekhA gayA hai, kyoMki kriyA ke sAtha to dUra rahA, vAkya ke sAtha bhI usakA sambandha kucha kaSTa se hI hotA hai / nAgezAdi kucha vidvAnoM ne usake kartRtva kI carcA uThAyI hai, kintu yaha zakti bhI, usameM nahIM, usake pratinidhirUpa sarvanAma meM AtI hai / ataH sAkSAt kriyAjanaka zakti nahIM hone ke kAraNa usakA kArakatva cintya hai| yahI sthiti zeSa ke sAtha hai| yadyapi kucha kArakoM kI zeSatva vivakSA hotI hai, tathApi zeSa svayaM kAraka nahIM hai / zeSa apane-Apa meM apAdAnAdi-bhinna sambandha ko kahate haiM jo upapada-sambandha yA malataH kAraka-sambandha ke rUpa meM bhI ho sakatA hai; donoM sthitiyoM meM SaSThI vibhakti hotI hai| zeSa ke kArakatva kA nirasana isa prabandha meM aneka matoM kI sthApanA tathA AlocanA ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai / jina vibhaktiyoM meM kAraka-zakti dyotita nahIM hotI hai, ve upapada-sambandha prakaTa karane ke kAraNa upapadavibhakti kahalAtI haiN| donoM prakAra kI vibhaktiyoM ke pRthak-pRthak sthala pratyeka vibhakti ke sandarbha meM dikhalAye gaye haiN| aisA kadAcit pANinitantra meM pahalI bAra kiyA gayA hai| isa dRSTi se SaSThI bhI katipaya kArakoM ko abhivyakta karatI hai; yadyapi aise sthala meM unake kArakatva kI vivakSA na hokara, zeSatva kI vivakSA hotI hai| prabandha meM SaSThI kI kAraka-vibhakti ke jo sthala diye gaye haiM ve isI dRSTi se anuprANita haiM ki kArakazakti unake mUla meM kAma karatI hai| kAraka ke bhedoM kA vizada nirUpaNa karane meM hama vikAsa ke tIna caraNa pAte haiM( 1 ) pANini tathA pataJjali ke dvArA udbhAvita kAraka-vizeSa kI kalpanA / ( 2 ) bhartahari dvArA unakA dArzanika vivecana / ( 3 ) navyavyAkaraNa meM navyanyAya se prabhAvita vivecana / ina tInoM hI caraNoM meM dRSTikoNa kA spaSTa pArthakya pratIta hotA hai| prathama caraNa meM kAdi kArakoM ke Arambhika lakSaNa saralatama zabdoM meM prakaTa kiye gaye haiM, jinheM pataJjali ke dvArA kiyA gayA sarasa vizlepaNa darzanonmukha karatA hai| dvitIya caraNa meM bhartRhari usa vivecana ko pUrNataH dArzanika rUpa de dete haiM jisase kAraka zaktivizeSa ke rUpa meM dekhA jAne lagatA hai / sarvaprathama kArakoM ke avAntara-bhedoM kI kalpanA bhI bhartRhari meM hI milatI hai| hA~, karma ke bhedoM kI kalpanA svayaM pANini ne tathA adhikaraNa ke bhedoM kI kalpanA pataJjali ne hI kI thii| yaha durbhAgya kA viSaya hai ki vyAkaraNazAstra meM bhartRhari kI paramparA Age nahIM cala skii| isase siddha hotA hai ki janasAmAnya meM vyAkaraNa ke dArzanika pakSa kI apekSA zabda-pakSa kA hI prAdhAnya rhaa| tRtIya caraNa meM kAraka praveza kareM isake pUrva hI una para navya-naiyAyikoM kI dRSTi par3a cukI thI; inameM - bhavAnanda, jagadIza tathA gadAdhara pramukha the| inhoMne apane 22 saM0

Page #338
318 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatattvAnuzIlana sampradAyoM tathA dArzanika mAnyatAoM ke anurUpa navyanyAya kI viziSTa abhivyaJjanazailI kA prayoga karate hue kAraka-vizeSoM para vicAra kiyaa| phalasvarUpa aba kArakaprakaraNa meM samAgata zabdoM ke zakyatAvacchedaka arthAt kArakatva, kartRtva, svatantratva, karmatva ityAdi kA nirvacana hone lgaa| sambhavataH isakI pratikriyA meM yA isa zailI se camatkRta hokara navyavyAkaraNa kA udbhava huaa| bhaTTojidIkSita, kauNDabhaTTa tathA nAgeza-prabhRti vaiyAkaraNoM ne ina naiyAyika-pUrvapakSiyoM kI unhIM kI bhASA-zailI kA Azraya lekara ghora AlocanA kI / navyavyAkaraNa ke siddhAntoM ko samajhane ke lie pRSThabhUmi ke rUpa meM ina nyAyazAstrIya vicAroM se avagata honA anivArya hai, anyathA paramparA kI zrRMkhalA ke TUTa jAne se navIna abhivyaJjanA ke durbodha hone kA bhaya hai| isa prabandha meM prAyaH sarvatra hI pRSThabhUmi ke rUpa meM nyAyazAstrIya vivecana dekara navyavyAkaraNa meM Aye hue lakSaNoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| vicAra ke krama meM kahIM-kahIM sAtha-sAtha bhI nyAyamata kA nirdeza kara usakI samAlocanA kI gayI hai| yahI nahIM, navyavyAkaraNa ke AcAryoM ne apane tantra ke bhI pUrvavartI AcAryoM kI kahIMkahIM kaTu AlocanA kI hai| antima rUpa se nAgezabhaTTa ke matoM kI sthApanA pradhAnatayA laghumaJjUSA ke AdhAra para kI gayI hai| yaha isa prabandha kI vizeSatA hai ki uparyukta caraNoM meM Aye hue vidvAnoM ke sambaddha granthoM se sambaddha sthaloM kI pUrI vyAkhyA pUrvApara kA tAratamya dikhalAte hue kI gayI hai| hA~, anAvazyaka punaruktiyoM kA parihAra avazya kiyA gayA hai| yadi kinhIM mAnya vidvAn ke mata kA kahIM abhAva hai to vaha isalie ki unameM vahI bAteM hai, jo unake pUrvavartI kaha cuke haiM aura jinakA nirdeza isa prabandha meM pahale bhI kiyA jA kA hai / sArAMza yaha hai ki tantrastha kisI bhI naye tathya kA nirUpaNa karanevAle vidvAn kA parityAga nahIM kiyA gayA hai / __isa prakAra maiMne kArakatattva para kramazaH vikAsazIla vivecanoM kI vyAkhyA karake unake tAratamya kI zrRMkhalA dikhalAyI hai ki kisa prakAra bIjarUpa pANinIya kArakasUtra bar3hatA-bar3hatA nAgeza taka pahu~cakara vyApaka vRkSa kA rUpa le letA hai| isa vikAsa ke vizleSaNa meM maiMne sarvatra vyAkhyAkAroM kA hI Azraya liyA hai, anargala kalpanA se prasUta koI bhI bAta isameM nahIM dI gayI hai / mujhe kaI mata cintya yA Alocya bhI mAlUma par3e haiM to maiMne pUrA prayAsa kiyA hai ki merI dhAraNA kA samarthana kahIM zAstroM meM hI mile aura tadanukUla matoM kA saMgraha bhI kiyA gayA hai| pANinIya vyAkaraNa eka vizAla sAgara hai, jisameM hameM sabhI dRSTikoNoM se pUrNatA hI dikhalAyI detI hai| kAraka-jaise atyanta gambhIra aura mahattvapUrNa viSaya se sambaddha tathyoM kI bhI usameM kamI nahIM / apanI niyata sImA meM rahakara maiMne usameM se aneka ratnoM kA grahaNa kiyA hai tathA pAyA hai ki sabhI AcArya apane dRSTikoNa se svakathya ko pUrNa hI samajhate haiM; kintu antaraMga-bahiraMga donoM dRSTiyoM se vaha tathya nAgezabhaTTa meM hI pUrNatA prApta karatA hai / yadyapi nAgeza se bhI Age bar3hane kA avakAza abhI hai,

Page #339
upasaMhAra 319 vizeSataH lakSaNoM ke AkArika pakSa ( Formal side ) meM; tathApi nAgeza ke sAtha eka viziSTa cintana-prakriyA yA vicAradhArA ( Line of thought ) kI parisamApti hotI hai - yaha mAnanA par3egA / saMskRta-vyAkaraNa ke viSaya vizeSa ko lekara pUre pANinIya tantra meM aitihAsika vikAsa kA nirUpaNa karate hue niSpanna kiyA gayA yaha apane DhaMga kA prathama prayAsa hai / logoM ne katipaya viSayoM para eka hI lekhaka ke vicAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA hai / kintu zodha kI aitihAsika vidhi se sambaddha yaha kArya apane-Apa meM avazya hI vilakSaNa hai / sampUrNa tantra ke vibhinna granthoM meM bikhare hue tathyoM ko saMyukta karake unakA samudita upayoga karake isa grantha kI racanA kI gayI hai / tulanA ke lie kahIMkahIM tantrAntara meM bhI praveza kiyA gayA hai, kintu kisI vizeSa adhyayana kI utsukatA se nahIM / kArakoM ke avAntara bhedoM kI vivecanA karane ke lie dUsare tantroM kA vizeSa rUpa se nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / udAharaNArthaM hetukartA ke tIna bhedoM kA ( preSaka, adhyeSaka, AnukUlyabhAgI ) nirUpaNa jaina granthakAra rabhasanandi ke AdhAra para huA hai / karaNa ke bhedoM kA vicAra karate hue tantrAntara ke matoM kI samIkSA karake svatantra mata kA bhI niveza kiyA gayA hai / ataH isa sampUrNa grantha meM yathAzakti yathAmati kAraka para prApta vicchinna vivecanoM ko eka nUtana saMghaTita rUpa dekara apanI sImA meM sarvAMgapUrNa banAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai /

Page #340
sahAyaka granthAvalI (saMskRta) IzvarakRSNa -sAMkhyakArikA ( tattvakaumudI-sahita ); DaoN0 AdyAprasAda mizra kRta * prabhA-vyAkhyA, satya prakAzana mandira, prayAga ( 1956 ) / kaNAda-vaizeSikasUtra ( upaskAra-sahita ); DhuNDhi rAjazAstrikRta hindI-anuvAda, caukhambA ( 1969 ) / nandalAla sinhA kRta aMgrejI anuvAda / kumArila -mImAMsAzlokavArtika (nyAya ratnAkara-sahita ); saM0 -rAmazAstrI mAnavallI, caukhambA ( 1898 ) / gaMgAnAtha jhA kRta AMglAnuvAda / kezavamizra-tarkabhASA; AcArya vizvezvarakRta hindI-vyAkhyA, caukhambA ( 1953 ) / koNDabhaTTa-(1) vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa ( mUla ) tathA vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra (harirAma kRta kAzikA-TIkAsahita ); aMgrejI TippaNiyoM se yukta; saM0-kamalAzaMkara prANazaMkara trivedI, bambaI saMskRta-prAkRta sIrija ( 1915 ) / (2) vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNasAra ( harivallabha kRta darpaNa sahita ), caukhambA (1939) / gaGgeza-tattvacintAmaNi; bibliyothikA' iNDikA ( 1884-91) / gadAdhara-vyutpattivAda; lakSmInAtha jhA kRta prakAza sahita, kAzI ( 1932 ) / gAgAbhaTTa-bhATTacintAmaNi; saM0-sUryanArAyaNa zukla, caukhambA ( 1933 ) / giridhara bhaTTAcArya-vibhaktyarthanirNaya; caukhambA ( 1901 ) / gokulanAtha upAdhyAya-padavAkya ratnAkara ( yadunAthamizra kRta gUDhArthadIpikA sahita ), vArANaseya saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya ( 1960 ) / gautama--nyAyasUtra ( vAtsyAyanabhASya sahita ); hindI anuvAda ( DhuNDirAja zAstrI ), caukhambA ( 1970 ) / AMglAnuvAda-gaMgAnAtha jhA ( pUnA oriyaNTala buka ejensI, 1939 ) / candragomi-cAndravyAkaraNam; saM0 -kSitIzacandra caTarjI, klkttaa| cArudeva zAstrI-prastAvataraGgiNI ( pR0 188-96 ); caukhambA ( 1950 ) / jagadIza-zabdazaktiprakAzikA, kRSNakAntI tathA prabodhinI TIkA sahita; caukhambA (1394 ) / jayantabhaTTa-nyAyamaJjarI; saM0--paM0 sUryanArAyaNa zukla, caukhambA ( 1934 ) / jayarAma bhaTTAcArya-kArakavAdArtha; veMkaTezvara presa, bambaI ( 1966 vi0 saM0 ) / jayAditya vAmana-kAzikA; jinendrabuddhikRta nyAsa tathA haradattakRta padamaJjarI sahita, prAcyabhAratI prakAzana ( 1965-67 ), ( cha: khaNDoM meM ) / jaimini-mImAMsAsUtra ( zAbarabhASya-sahita ); AnandAzrama saMskRta granthAvali, pUnA ( 1929-34) / aglAnuvAda-gaMgAnAtha mA (bar3auvA ) /

Page #341
sahAyaka granthAvalI 321 dharmarAjAdhvarIndra-vedAnta-paribhASA ( aMgrejI anu0 sahita ); mAdhavAnanda kRta anu0 rAmakRSNa maTha, belUra ( 1963 ) / nAgeza-(1) paramalaghumaJjUSA ( kAlikAprasAda zukla kRta jyotsnA sahita, bar3odA saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya ( 1961 ) / paM0 vaMzIdhara mizra kRta vaMzI-TIkA tathA hindIanu0, gayA ( 1957 ) / arthadIpikA-sahita, caukhambA ( 1946 ) / (2) laghumaJjUSA ( kalA-kuJjikA sahita ), caukhambA ( 1917-1928) / ( 3 ) paribhASenduzekhara-vaidyanAthakRta 'gadA'-sahita, AnandAzrama, pUnA ( 1913 ) / kIlahaoNrna kA aMgrejI anuvAda, bmbii| ( 4 ) bRhacchabdenduzekhara ( saM0 DaoN0 sItArAmazAstrI ), vArANaseya saMskRta vi0 vi0 ( 1960 ), 3 khaNDa / pataJjali-mahAbhASya ( kaiyaTakRta pradIpa tathA isa para nAgezakRta udyota sahita ), nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI ( 1951 ), 1-6 adhyAya tk| 7-8 adhyAya, gurukula jhajjhara ( hariyANA, 1962 ) / pANini-aSTAdhyAyI ( vAmanajayAditya kI kAzikA-sahita ), caukhambA, tRtIya saMskaraNa ( 1952 ) / pArthasArathimizra-zAstradIpikA, saM0 dharmadattamUri, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI ( 1915 ) / puruSottamadeva-paribhASAvRtti, jJApakasamuccaya tathA kArakacakra; saM0-dInezacandra bhaTTAcArya, vArendra risarca myujiyama, rAjazAhI ( 1946 ) / bAdarAyaNa-brahmasUtra ( zAMkarabhASya-bhAmatI, kalpataru, parimala sahita ) nirNaya sAgara presa ( 1938 ) / bhaTTojidIkSita-(1) vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntakaumudI, tattvabodhinI ( jJAnendra sarasvatI ) tathA laghuzabdenduzekhara ( nAgeza ) sahita; saM0-guruprasAda zAstrI, kAzI ( 1939 ), bhAga-1 / ( tInoM granthoM ke uddharaNa tathA pRSTha saMkhyA isI saMskaraNa se diye gaye haiN)| ( 2 ) zabdakaustubha ( bhAga-2), gopAlazAstrI nene saMpAdita, caukhambA ( 1929 ) / ( 3 ) prauDhamanoramA-zabdaratna tathA usa para jyotsnA-sahita, caukhambA ( 1934 ) / bharatamallika---kArakollAsa, saMskRtasAhityapariSad, kalakattA ( 1924 ) / bhartahari-vAkyapadIya ( 1 ) sampUrNa, sAta pariziSToM ke sAtha, saM0-abhyaMkara tathA limaye, pUnA ( 1965 ) / ( 2 ) tRtIya kANDa (1-7 samuddeza ), helArAja kI TIkA sahita, saM0-ko0 a0 su0 aiyara, pUnA ( 1963 ) / ( 3 ) tRtIya kANDa ( 8-14 samuddeza ), helArAja-sahita, caukhambA ( 1920 ) / ( 4 )

Page #342
322 saMskRta-vyAkaraNa meM kArakatatvAnuzIlana prathama-dvitIya kANDa-raghunAthazAstrikRta 'ambAka:' vyAkhyA-sahita, vArANaseya saM0 vizva0 ( 1964-68) / bhavAnanda-kArakacakra ( mAdhavI-sahita ), caukhambA ( 1942 ) / bhImAcArya jhalakIkara-nyAyakoza, bhANDArakara-prAcyavidyA-saMzodhana-mandira, pUnA ( 1928) / bhoja-sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa ( nArAyaNadaNDanAtha kRta hRdayahAriNI-sahita ), prathama adhyAya, trivendram ( 1935 ) / mAdhavAcArya-(1) sarvadarzanasaMgraha-hindI-vyAkhyA-sahita ( umAzaMkara zarmA ), caukhambA ( 1964 ) / (2) mAdhavIyadhAtuvRtti, saM0-anantazAstrI phar3ake, caukhambA ( 1934 ) / yAska-nirukta ( durgavRtti ), veMkaTezvara presa, bmbii| raghunAtha-laghubhASya ( sArasvata vyAkaraNa ), veMkaTezvara presa ( 1900 ) / rabhasanandi--kArakasambandhodyota, rAjasthAna purAtattvAnveSaNa mandira, jayapura ( vi0 saM0 2013 ) / rAmacandra dIkSita-prakriyAkaumudI ( viTThalakRta prasAda sahita ), kamalAzaMkara prANa zaMkara trivedI saMpA0, 2 khaNDa, bambaI - saMskRta-prAkRta sIrija ( 1925 ) / rAmAjJA pANDeya--vyAkaraNadarzanabhUmikA, sarasvatI-bhavana, kAzI ( 1954 ) / vararuci--vArarucasaMgraha ( nArAyaNa kRta dIpaprabhA-sahita ), saMpA0- gaNapati zAstrI, trivendram ( 1913 ) / vizvanAtha-nyAyasiddhAntamuktAvalI ( nRsiMhadevazAstrikRta prabhAsahitA ), meharacandra ___ lakSmaNadAsa, lAhaura ( 1929 ) / vizvezvarasUri-vyAkaraNasiddhAntasudhAnidhi, caukhambA ( 1914-25 ) / vopadeva-mugdhabodha vyAkaraNa ( durgAdAsa vidyAvAgIza tathA rAmatarkavAgIza kI ___TIkAoM se yukta ) kalakattA ( 1902 ) / zaraNadeva-durghaTavRtti, gaNapatizAstri saMpA0, trivendram ( 1909 ) / zarvavarmA-kAtantra ( durgasiMhakRta vRtti), bibliyothikA iMDikA, kalakattA (1876) / zAkaTAyana ( jaina )--zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa, abhayacandrasUri kRta prakriyA sahita, bambaI (1907 ) / hemacandra-hemaprakAza mahAvyAkaraNa ( vinayavijaya gaNi ), bambaI (1994 vi0saM0) / hindI-baMgalA kapiladeva dvivedI--arthavijJAna aura vyAkaraNadarzana, ilAhAbAda ( 1951 ) / gurupada hAldAra -vyAkaraNadarzanera itihAsa ( prathama khaNDa ); baMgalA; kAlIghATa kAlikA-granthamAlA, kalakattA, vaMgAbda-1350 ( 1944 I0 ) / ( pR0 252 332 kAraka-vicAra ) / cArudeva zAstrI-vyAkaraNa candrodaya, motIlAla banArasIdAsa ( 3 khaNDa ) / baladeva upAdhyAya-bhAratIya darzana, kAzI ( 1948 ) /

Page #343
sahAyaka granthAvalI 323 yudhiSThira mImAMsaka-saMskRta vyAkaraNazAstra kA itihAsa, prathama bhAga ( dvitIya ___ saMskaraNa-2020 vi0 saM0 ) / dvitIya bhAga (prathama saMskaraNa-2019 vi0 sN0)| rAmazaMkara bhaTTAcArya-pANinIya vyAkaraNa kA anuzIlana (pR0 131-62 ), iNDo laoNjikala buka hAusa, vArANasI ( 1966 ) / satyakAma varmA-bhASAtattva aura vAkyapadIya, bhAratIya prakAzana, naI dillI ( 1964 ) / aMgrejI Abhyankar, K. V.- A Dictionary of Sanskrit Grammar, Oriental Institute, Baroda ( 1961 ). Belvalkar, S. K.-Systems of Sanskrit Grammar. Chakravarti. P. C.-- Philosophy of Sanskrit Grammar, University of Calcutta ( 1930 ). Chatterjee, K. C.- Technical Terms and Technique of Sanskrit Grammar, Calcutta ( 1948 ). Devasthali, G. V.-MImamsa : The Vakyasastra of Ancient India, Bombay ( 1959). Gold Stucker, Theodor-Panini : His Place in Sanskrit Literature, Indian Reprint, Chowkbamba ( 1965 ) Guha, D. C.-Navya-nyaya System of Logic, Bharatiya Vidya Prakashana, Varanasi ( 1969 ). Kale, M. R.- Higher Sanskrit Grammar, Reprint, Motilal Bana rasidass ( 1960). MacDonell, A. A.-- Vedic Grammar for Students ( Oxford University Press, ( 1955 ), 4th Impression. Pandeya, R. C.-Problem of Meaning in Indian Philosophy, Motital Banarasidass, Delhi ( 1963 ). Radbakrishnan, S. - Indian Philosophy; Vol. I ( 1948 ), Vol. II ( 1941 ), George Allen and Unwin Ltd., London. Shastri, Gaurinatha- Philosophy of Word and Meaning, Calcutta. Taraporewala, I. J. S.-Sanskrit Syntax, Munshiram Mahobarlal, Delhi ( 1967 ). Vidyabhusan, S. C.--- History of Indion Logic, Reprint, Motilal Banarasidass ( 1971 ). Whitney, W. D.-Sanskrit Grammar, Reprint, Motilal Banarasidass ( 1962 ),

Page #344
_