Sankshipta Jain Itihas Part 03 Khand 01

Author(s): Kamtaprasad Jain
Publisher: Mulchand Kisandas Kapadia
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/035245/1

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zrI yazovijayajI jaina graMthamALA ghAghAsAheba, lApanagara. jhena : 0278-2425322 5171008 smAraka granthamAlA naM0 7 saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / bhAga 3 khaNDa 1 "digambara jaina " ke 30 veM varSakA upahAragrantha | - bAbU kAmatAprasAdajI-alIgaMja / www.umaragt Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar Umar com

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sau0 savitAbAI kApar3iyA smAraka pranthamAlA naM0 // OM namaH siddhebhyaH // saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / bhAga 3 - khaNDa 1 [dakSiNabhAratake jainadharmakA itihAsa / ] vibhAga 1. paurANika kAla 2. aitihAsika kAla: 1- prAcIna kAla ( I0pU0 9000 se 1 I0pU0 ) 2- madhya kAla ( sanH 1 se 1400 I0 ) 3- arvAcIna kAla ( uparAnta )! lekhaka:kAmatAprasAda jaina, ema. Ara. e. esa. sampAdaka- vIra va jaina si0 bhAskara, alIgaMja (eTA) prakAzaka: mUlacanda kisanadAsa kApar3iyA, mAlika, digaMbara jaina pustakAlaya kApar3iyAbhavana-sUrata / svargIya so0 savitAbAI, dharmapatnI, mUlacaMda kisanazasa kApaDiyA smaraNArtha " digambara jaina " ke 30 ve varSake grAhakoM ko bheTa | prathamAvRtti ] vIra saM0 2463 mUlya - rU0 1-0-0. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ prati 1000 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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("jainavijaya" prinTiga presa, khapaTiyA cakalA-sUratameM mUlacanda kisanadAsa kApar3iyAne mudrita kiyA /

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sau. savitAbAI- aa-smAraka graMthamAganaM.7 - hamArI svargIya dharmapatnI sau. savitAbAIkA vIra saM. 2456 bhAdoM vadI 10 ko sirpha 22 varSakI bhalpa mAyumeM eka putra ci0 bAbUbhAI aura eka putrI ci0 damayaMtIko 4 aura 2 varSake chor3akara pIliyAke rogase svargavAsa hogayA thA, unake smaraNArtha usa samaya 2612) kA dAna kiyA gayA thaa| jisameM se 2000) sthAyI zAstradAnake liye nikAle the, jisakI Ayase. prati varSa eka2 grantha navIna prakaTa karake 'digambara jaina' yA 'jaina mahilAdarza' ke grAhakoMko upahArameM diyA jAtA hai| bhAja taka isa graMthamAlAse nimna likhita 6 graMtha prakaTa ho cuke haiM jo, jaina mahilAdarza yA digambara jainake grAhakoMko bheTa diye nAcuke haiN| 1-aitihAsika striyAM-(060 caMdAbAIjI kRta ) ) 2-saMkSipta jaina itihAsa-(dvi0 bhAga pra0 khaNDa) 1 // ) 3-paMcarana-(vA0 kAmatAprasAdajI kRta ) ) 4-saMkSipta jaina itihAsa-(dvi0 bhAga, di0 khaNDa) 13) 5-vIra pAThAvalI-(bA0 kAmatAprasAdajI kRta) ) 6-jainatva-(ramaNIka vI0 zAha vakIla keta, gujraatii)|) - -

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aura yaha 7 vAM grantha saMkSipta baina itihAsa tRtIya bhAga-prathama khaMDa (bA0 kAmatAprasAdajI kRta) prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai jo 'digaMbara jena' patrake 30 veM varSake grAhakoM ko bheTa bAMTA jA rahA hai tathA jo 'digaMbara jaina' ke grAhaka nahIM haiM unake liye kucha pratiyAM vikrayArtha bhI nikAlI gaI haiM / bhAzA hai ki bahuta khoja va parizramapUrvaka taiyAra kiye gaye aise aitihAsika granthoMkA jaina samAjameM zIghra hI pracAra hojaaygaa| isa aitihAsika grantha ke lekhaka bA0 kAmatAprasAdajIkA di0 jaina samAjapara ananya upakAra hai, jo varSoMse matIva zramapUrvaka prAcIna jaina sAhityako khojapUrvaka prakAzameM kaar|| ___ yadi jaina samAjake zrImAn zAstradAnakA mahatva samajheM to aisI kaI smAraka granthamAlAyeM nikala sakatI haiM aura hajAroM to kyA lAkhoM anya bheTa svarUpa yA lAgata mUlyase prakaTa hosakate haiM, jisake liye sirpha dAnakI dizA hI badalanekI mAvazyaktA hai| paba dravyakA upayoga maMdiroMmeM upakaraNa bhAdi banavAnemeM yA prabhAvanA baMTavAne meM karanekI bhAvazyaktA nahIM hai lekina dravyakA upayoga vidyAdAna aura zAstradAnameM hI karanekI bhAvazyaktA hai| nivedakavIra saM* 2463 / mUlacanda kisanadAsa kApaDiyA, bAzvina vadI 3 ) prkaashk|

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AbhAra / " saMkSipta jaina itihAsa " ke pahale do bhAga pragaTa hocuke haiN| Aja usakA tIsarA bhAga pAThakoMke hAthoMmeM dete hue hameM prasannatA hai / yaha tIsare bhAgakA pahalA khaNDa hai aura isameM dakSiNa bhAratake jainadharma aura jaina saMghakA itihAsa - paurANikakAlase prAraMbhika aitihAsika kAlatakakA saMkalita hai / sambhava hai ki vidvAn pAThaka purANagata vArtAko itihAsa svIkAra na kareM, parantu unheM smaraNa honA cAhiye ki bhAratIya zAstrakAroMne purANa vArtAko bhI itihAsa ghoSita kiyA hai / jabataka isa purANa vAsake viruddha koI prabala pramANa upalabdha na ho tabataka use mAnya ThaharAnA hamArA kartavya hai / Akhira prA aitihAsika kAlake itihAsako jAnaneke vahI to eka mAtra sAdhana haiM - unheM hama bhulA kaise deM ? unake evaM anya sAkSIke AdhAra se hamane dakSiNabhArata meM anadharmakA astitva atiprAcIna siddha kiyA hai / AzA hai, vidvajjana hamAre isa matako svIkAra karane meM saMkoca nahIM kreNge| isa avasara para hama ina purANa aura zAstrakAroMkA AbhAra hRdayase svIkAra karate haiN| sAtha hI anyAnya sammAnanIya lekhakoMke bhI hama upakRta haiM jinakI racanAoMse hamane sahAyatA grahaNa kI hai| yahAM para hama adhyakSa, zrI jaina siddhAMta bhavana - mArA aura seTha mUlacanda kisanadAsajI kApar3iyA ko bhI nahIM bhulA sakte / unhoMne Avazyaka sAhitya juTAkara hamAre kAryako sugama banA diyA jisake liye vaha hamAre hArdika dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| AzA hai ki jabataka koI isase bhI zreSTha jana itihAsa na racA jAya, tabataka yaha pAThakoMkI AvazyakatA kI pUrti karegA / evamastu ! (eTA) tA0 16-8-37 | } vinIta-kAmatAprasAda jaina /

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samarpaNa | so jaina - sAhitya - prakAzana ke punIta kAryameM Morn datta-citta, vivekI mitra zrI. e. ena. upAdhye mahodaya ke kara-kamaloM meM sAdara saprema samarpita / k n lekhaka | ww

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(8) saMkSipta jaina itihaas| [lekhaka-bAbU kAmatAprasArajI jaina / ] prathama bhAga-yaha IsvIsana pUrva 600 varSase pahilekA itihAsa hai / isake 6 paricchedoMmeM jaina bhUgolameM bhAratakA sthAna, RSabhadeva aura karmabhUmi, anya tIrthaMkara AdikA varNana hai / thor3IsI pratiyAM bacI haiN| mUlya // 3) dusarA bhAgaH prathama khaNDa-yaha IzvI san pUrva chaThI zatAbdIse san 1300 takakA prAmANika jaina itihAsa hai| ise par3hakara mAlUma hogA ki pahale jamAne meM jainoMne kaisI vIratA batalAI thii| isameM vidvattApUrNa prAkathana, ma0 mahAvIra, vIrasaMgha aura anya rAjA, tatkAlIna sabhyatA aura paristhiti, sikandarakA AkramaNa aura tatkAlIna jainasAdhu, zrutakevalI, bhadrabAhu aura anya bhAcArya, tathA maurya samrAT candragupta AdikA 12 adhyAyoMmeM vizada varNana hai| pRSTha saMkhyA 300 mU0 1 // ) dusarA bhAgaH dvitIya khaMDa-isameM aneka mahatvapUrNa aitihAsika viSayoMkA sapramANa kathana kiyA gayA hai| yathA-cauvIsa tIrthakara, jaina dharmakI vizeSatA, digambara saMghabheda, zve0 kI utpatti, upajAtiyoMkI utpatti aura itihAsa, uttarI bhAratake rAjA aura jainadharma, mavAliyarake rAjA va jainadharma, munidharma, gRhastha dharma, ajainoMkI zuddhi, jaina dharmakI upayogitA Adi 125 viSayoM kA subodha aura sapramANa kathana hai / pR0 200 mUlya 10) mainejara, digambarajainapustakAlaya-sUrata /

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vissysuucii| 1-prAkakathana ... . ... 2-paurANika kAla (RSabhadeva aura bharata) 3-anya tIrthakara aura nArAyaNa tripRSTha .... 4-podanapurake manya rAnA.... 5-cakravartI hariSeNa ... 6-gama, vakSmaNa aura rAvaNa 7-nAnA aileya aura usake vaMzaja 8-kAmadeva nAgakumAra .... 9-dakSiNa bhAratakA aitihAsika kALa 10-bha0 pariSTanemi, kRSNa aura pAMDava 11-bhagavAna pArzvanAtha .... 12-mahArAjA karakaNDu 13-bhagavAna mahAvIra .... 14-samrAT zreNika, jaMbukumAra aura vidyuJcara.... 15-nanda aura maurya samrATa 16-mAMdhra sAmrAjya 17-drAviDa rAjya ... .....112 18-pAMDya rAjya, cola rAjya, cera rAjya .... .....115 19-dakSiNa bhAratakA jaina saMgha, jaina saMghakI prAcInatA ....129 20-jaina siddhAMta, zvetAmbara jainI ....134 21-zrI dharasenAcArya aura zruta UddhAra .... ....137 22-mula saMgha, zrI kuMdakuMdAcArya 23-kuraka kAvya 24-umAsvAmI ( umAsvAti) ....147 25-svAmI samaMtabhadra ....139 ... ....143

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saMketAkSara suucii| prastuta pranthake saMkalanameM nimna granthoMse sahAyatA grahaNa kI gaI . hai, jinakA ullekha nimna saMketarUpameM yathAsthAna kiyA gayA hai ma azokake dharmakha-lekhaka zrI janArdana bhaTTa ema0 50 (kAzI, saM0 1980) / mahie. 'mI hisTrI mApha inDiyA'-sara visenTa smitha ema. e0 (cautho bhaavRtti)| mazoka0='pazoka' * sara vinsenTa smitha ema. ema. / .. bhAka0='bhArAdhanA kathAkoSa' he. bra. nemidatta (jainamitra mAphisa, suurt)| mAjI0-bhAjIviksa-bhAga 1 DaoN. venI mAdhava bAramA. DI. liT ( kalakattA 1920) / - mAsU'mAcArAGga sUtra' mula (zvetAMbara nAgama graMtha ) / pahiD= baoNksapharDa hisTrI oNpha iMDiyA-vinsenTa smitha em.e.| babhariI0 manalsa bAva bhaMDArakara ricarsa iMsTITyUTa, pUnA / bAI-mArIjinesa innabITenTsa oNva iMDiyA, bAppaTa sA. kRta (mdaas)| nApulamAdipurANa, paM. lALArAma dvArA saMpAdita (iNdaur)| iai0-inDiyana ainTokerI (traimAsika ptrikaa)| iriI-insAyaklopeDiyA bApha rilIjana eNDa ithiksa haittriNgs| ___iMseje0 inDiyana sekTa mApha dI jainsa' bulhara / iMhiMkaNA-iMDiyana hisTorIkala kvArTalI-saM0TA0 narendranAtha

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[11] ikA0 athavA ekA0-ipIprephiyA karnATikA ( baMgalora ) / iMe * = iMDiyana enTIkerI ( bambaI ) / uda0='uvAsagadasAmo sutta0' - DaoN0 hANake (Biblo Indica). upu0604. pu. = ' uttarapurANa' zrI guNamadrAcArya va paM. kALArAmajI / usU0 = ' uttarAdhyayana sUtra' ( zvetAmbarIya Agama grantha ) bArla kArpeTiyara ( upasA ) | ei0 = 'epiprephiyA iMDikA' / e= eime* yA meei0 = enziyenTa inDiyA ejaDiskrAibDa mAI 'megasthanIja eNDa airiyana' - ( 1877 ) / eDne0 ena ipIToma oNpha jainIjma-zrI pUrNacandra nAhara ema0e0 / emikSaTrA 0 = ' enziyenTa miDa iMDiyana kSatriya TrAinsa ' DaoN0 vimalacaraNa laoN (kalakattA ) / ei0 = enziyenTa iMDiyA enaDiskAinDa bAI sTraibo meka kiMDala ( 1801 ) / airi0= aiziyATika risarcena- sara viliyama jonsa (san 1799 va 1909 ) / kajAi0 = kaniMghama, jAgaraphI oNpha eMziyenTa iMDiyA - (kalakattA 1924 ) / , kali0='e hisTrI oNpha kanArIna liTrecara ' I0 pI0 rAisa (H. L. S. 1921 ). kasU0 =kalpasUtra mULa ( zvetAMbarI Agama grantha ) / kAle 0 = kAra mAikala lekrsa DaoN0 DI0 bAra* bhANDArakAra - kaihie* = kaimbrija hisTrI oNpha iMDiyA ainzipenTa iMDiyA, bhA01- sA0 (1922 ) /

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[12] kaca0 - karakaNDucariya, praoNvhIrAkALa dvArA saMpAdita ( kArakhA) / kureiM0 = kRSNasvAmI eNgarakRta ainziyenTa iMDiyA (laMdana 1919) 0= gusApari0= gujarAtI sAhitya pariSad riporTa- sAtava ( bhAva-nagara saM0 1922 ) / gaubu0 'gautamabuddha' ke0 je0 saoNnDarsa ( H. L. S . ) gaiba 0 = gajeTiyara oNva bambaI, bhANDArakara vyAdi kRta / gemaku0 gaiz2eTiyara oNva maisUra eNDa kurga / 0 0 camabha0 = ' "candrarAja bhaNDArI kRta bhagavAna mahAvIra' | javi oso0 = janarala bApha dI bihAra eNDa oDIsA risarca sosAiTI' | jambU 0 = jambUkumAra caritra ( sUrata vIrAbda 2440 ) jamIso0 = jarnala oNpha dI mIthika sosAiTI - beMgalora / jarAesA0 = jarnala oNpha dI rAyaka esiyATika sosAiTI - laMdana | jaikA0=' jaina kAnUna ' ( zrI0 campatarAyajI jaina vidyAmA 0 bijanaura (1928 ) / baiga 0 = " 0 ' "jaina gajaTa ' aMgrejI ( lakhanaU ) | jaipra0 - jainadharma prakAza bra0 zItalaprasAdajaM) (bijanaura 1927) / jaistU * = jaina stUpa eNDa madara eNTIkaTIja oNpha mathurA - smitha / jaisAsaM0 = 'jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka' mu0 jinavijayajI (pUnA) / jaisibhA0 = jaina siddhAnta bhAskara zrI padmarAja jaina (kalakattA) / jaizi saM0' jaina zilAlekha saMgraha'- pro0 hIrAlAla jaina (mANi-kacandra pranthamALA / jaihi0 = jaina hitaiSI saM0 paM0 nAthUrAmajI va paM0 jugala kizo-rajI (bambaI ) / *

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[1] asU0 (Js.) jaina sUtrAja (S. E. Series, Vols. XXII & XLV ). jambU0 jambUkumAra carita (mANikacandra pranthamAlA, bambaI) jaisAiM0-pro0esa0 bhAra zarmA kRta jainIjma ina sAutha iNddiyaa| TaoNrA0-TaoNDasA* kRta rAjasthAnakA itihAsa veGkaTezvara presa / DijevA0= e DikzanarI nApha jaina bAyogrekI' zrI umarAvasiMha TaoNka (baaraa)| takSa ='e gAiDa TU takSazakA'-sara jaoNna mArazaLa (1918) / tatvArtha-tatvArthAdhigamsutra zrI umAsvAti S. B.J. Vol.1 tipa = tilloya paNNatta' zrI yati vRSabhAcArya (baina hiteSI mA0 13 aMka 12) / dijai0='di0 jaina mAsika patra saM. zrI. mulacanda kisanadAsa kApaDiyA (suurt)| dIni=0dIvanikAya' ( P. T. S.) nAca =nAyakumAra cariu ( mANikacaMdra graMthamAlA, bmbii)| pari0 pariziSTa parva-zrI hemacandrAcArya / prAjaichesaM0 cAcIna jaina lekha saMgraha kAmatApraptAda jaina (vrdhaa)| prasA0 upacanasAra, praoN0 e0ena0 upAdhye dvArA saMpAdita bNbii| pavimo jaismA baMgAla, bihAra, moDIsA jaina smAraka-mI.. brahmacArI zItaLaprasAdajI (suurt)| bajaismA baMbaI prAMta ke prAcIna jaina smAraka va shiitlprsaadnii| bui-buddhiSTa iMDiyA praoN0 hosa DeviDsa / busTa -buddhisTika sTaDIja, DA. vimacaraNa laoN dvArA saMpAdita klkttaa|

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[14] mapA0 - bhagavAn pAzrvanAtha-ke0 kAmatAprasAda jaina (sUrata) / bhama0 = bhagavAna mahAvIra 73 " " ango = bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0buddha kAmatAprasAda jaina (sUrata) mamI0 bhaTTArakamImAMsA (gujarAtI) sUrata / mamama0 = bhagavAna mahAvIra kI ahiMsA (dillI ) bhAI - bhAratavarSakA itihAsa- DaoN0 IzvarIprasAda DI0 kiT ( prayAga 1927 ) / 1 bhAmazo0 = prazauka - DaoN0 bhANDArakara ( kaLa rattA ) / bhAprArA0 = bhAratake prAcIna rAjavaMza zrI * vizvezvara nAtha reDa baMbaI | bhAprAsai0 = bhArata kI prAcIna sabhyatAkA itihAsa, sara ramezacaMdra datta / majaii0 = marAThI jaina itihAsa | . O mani0= majjhima0=} majjhimanikAya P. T. S. mamapra ne mA0 = madrAsamaisUra ke prA0 jainasmAraka bra0 zItakaprasAda jI | - mahA0 mahAvagga ( S. B. E. Vol. XVII ). milindra0 = milinda panha ( S. B. Vol. XXXV.) murA0 = mudrArAkSasa nATaka-ina dI hindU DrAmeTisa varkasa, vikasana / 'mulA0=muLAcAra vaTTakera svAmI (hindI bhASA sahita bambaI ) / ..maibu0 = mainyuka oNpha buddhijma - ( spenahArDI) / mairzo0 = zoka maikapheka kRta ( H. L. S. ) mAri0 = mADarna ribhyU, saM0 rAmAnaMda caTarjI (kalakattA) / maiku0 = maisUra eNDa kurga phrAma iMskripazansa - rAisa (baMgalora) / - maibu - mainyula Apha buddhijma - ( spenahArDI ) moda0 = mohenajodaro- - sara jaoNna mArazaLa ( landana ) /

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[24] rathA 0 = ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra saM0 paM0 jugala kizorajI (bambaI) zai0 - rAjapUtAnekA itihAsa bhAga 1 - rA0 ba0 paM0 gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA / rii0 = riliMgasa oNpha dI impAyara -- ( landana ) / lAbhAma*=ThAipha oNpha mahAvIra kA0 mANikacaMdrajI (ilAhAbAda ) / kAmAI 0 = bhAratavarSakA itihAsa chA0 kAjapatarAyakRta (laahaur)| lAma0 kArDa mahAvIra eNDa madhara TIcarsa oNpha hija TAimakAmatAprasAda (dillI ) / 0= DhAvabu0 = lAipha eNDa varkasa oNpha buddha ghoSa - DaoN0 vimalAcaraNa kaoN ( kalakattA ) / lAmane 0 kArDa pariSTanemi, (dillI ) / : G - bRjeza0 bRhad jaina zabdArNava- paM0 bihArIlAla caitanya / vira0 = vidvad ratnamAlA paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI ( bambaI ) / vibhA0-vizAlabhArata, saM0 zrI banArasIdAsa caturvedI kaLakattA | zrava0-zravaNabeLagoLA, rA0 ba0 pro0 narasiMhAcAra ema0 e0 ( madrAsa ) / zreca0 = zreNika caritra ( sUrata ) / samAmivA 0 = tara mAzutoSa moriyala vaoNlyUma ( paTanA ) / 1 sakau 0 = samyaktva kaumudI ( bambaI ) / sajai0 = sAnatana jaina dharma - anu0kAmatAprasAda ( kalakattA ) / saMjaii0 - saMkSipta jaina itihAsa prathama bhAga kAmatAprasAda (sUrata) saDije 0 =sama DisTinguijhDa jensa umarAvasiMha TAMka (AgarA) / saMprAjesmA 0 = saMyukta prAMtake prAcIna jaina smAraka - bra0 zItala /

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[16] ssAijaika sTaDIja ina sAutha iMDiyana jainijma pro. rAmasvAmI mAyaMgara / sasU0-samrATa akabara aura sUrIzvara-muni vidyAvijayajI (AgarA) sakSadAei0sama kSatrI TrAibsa ina enziyanTa iMDiyA-DA0 vimalacaraNa laa| sAmsa sAmsa mApha dI bradarena / muni suttanipAta (S. B. E.) / sAijai0 sTaDIja ina sAutha iMDiyana jainijma pro. rAmAsvAmI mAyaMgara / hari0=harivaMzapurANa-zrI jinasenAcArya (klkttaa)| .. haoNve. haoNTa gApha jainIjmaH misena sTokesana (saadn)| / hisTrI lApha dI mAryana rUka ina iMDiyA-haivela / higlI =hisTorIkala glIniMgasa-DaoN. vimalacaraNa loN| hiTe:-hindU Telsa-je. je. meyarsa / hiDAva0=hindU DrAmeTika va vilasan / hiproiphi hisTrI nApha dI prI-buddhisTika iMDiyana philAsaphI bArumA (klkttaa)| hilina0=hisTro eNDa liTrecara oNpha janIjma-bArodiyA (1809) hivi. hindI vizvakoSa nAgendranAtha vasu (klkttaa)| kSatrIklensa-kSatroklensa ina buddhiSTa iMDiyA-DA0 vimlaacrnnlaa| hamArU" " nAnasa narUpa

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OM namaH siddhebhyaH / saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | / / / bhAga tIsarA - khaNDa pahalA / ( arthAt dakSiNa bhAratake jainadharmakA itihAsa ) Wwuote Vin prAkkathana / jainadharma tAtvikarUpameM eka anAdi pravAha hai, vaha satya hai, eka vijJAna hai / usakA prAkRta itihAsa vastusvarUpa hai / vastu sAdi nahIM anAdi hai, kRtrima nahIM akRtrima hai, nAzavAna nahIM cirasthAyI hai, kUTastha nitya nahIM paryAyakA ghaTanAcakra hai| isa liye vizvake nirmApaka padArthoMkA itihAsa hI jainadharmakA itihAsa hai| aura vizvake nirmApaka padArtha tatvavettAoMne jIva aura ajIva batAye haiM / cetana padArtha yadi na ho to vizva aMdhakAramaya hojAya / use jAne aura samajhe kauna ? aura yadi acetana padArtha na ho to isa saMsAra meM jIva rahe kisake Azraya ? pratyakSa hameM vizva aura usake astitvakA jJAna hai| vaha hai aura apane astitva se jIva aura ajIvakI sthiti siddha kara rahA hai | parantu yaha jIva aura ajIva Aye kahAMse ? yadi inheM kisI niyata samayapara kisI vyakti-vizeSa dvArA banA huA kahA jAya to yaha akhaNDa aura kRtrima yA anAdi nahIM rahate /

Page #19
saMtima jaina itihaas| khaNDoMke bane huthe hone ke kAraNa inheM nAzavAna bhI mAnanA par3egA / para anubhava aisA nahIM hai| cetana kabhI maratA nahIM dekhA gayA aura na usakA jJAna TukaDoMmeM baTA humA anekarUpa anubhavameM bhAyA / isaliye vaha ananmA hai / saMsArameM vaha anAdise majIvake saMsargameM par3A humA saMsaraNa kara mhA hai / jIva-majIvakA yaha sanAtana pravAha anantakA itihAsa hai / usakA pratyakSa anubhava pUrNa jJAnI bananepara hotA hai / jaina siddhAnta graMthoMmeM usakA rUparaGga aura upAya varNita hai / jijJAsugaNa unase mAnI manastuSTi kara sakate haiN| kintu dharma athavA vastusvarUpake isa sanAtana pravAhameM usakA vartamAna itihAsa jAna lenA upAdeya hai| vartamAna meM usakA nirUpaNa kaise huA ? usakI samavRddhi kaise huI ? kina kina logoMne use kaise apanAyA ? usake yathArtha rUpame dhabbe kaise kage ? aura unase usake kaunarase vikRta-rUpa huye ? una vikRta rUpoMke kAraNa mUla dharmakA kasA hAsa hubhA ? ityAdi prazna haiM jinakA uttara pAye vinA manuSya apane jIvanako saphala banAne meM siddha-manoratha nahIM ho sakatA / isIliye manuSya ke liye itihAsa-zastro jJAnakI AvazyaktA hai| vaha manuSya ke naitika utthAna aura patana kA pratibimba hai| dharma aura adharma, puNya aura pApake raGgamaMca kA citrapaTa hai| usakA bAhyarUpa rAjyoMke utkarSa aura apakarSa, yoddhAoMkI jaya aura parAjayakA dyotaka hai; parantu yaha saba kucha puNya pApakA khela hI hai| isaliye itihAsa vaha vijJAna hai jo manuSyajIvanako saphala banAneke liye naitika zizA khulI pustakakI taraha pradAna karatA hai| vaha

Page #20
na / [ 3 manuSya meM viveka, utsAha aura zauryako jAgRta kara use bijayI vIra banAtA hai, isIliye usakI AvazyaktA hai / jaina dharmakA itihAsa usake anuyAyiyoMkI jIvana mAthA hai; kyoMki dharma svayaM pagu hai - vaha dharmAtmAoM ke Azraya hai / isa bAtako lakSya karake pahale jaina itihAsake tIna khaMDa likhe jA cuke haiN| unake pAThase pAThakagaNa jAna gaye haiM ki dharmakA pratipAdana isa kAlameM sarva prathama karmayuga ke Arambha meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva dvArA humA thA / bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke pahale yahAM bhogabhUmi thii| yahAMke prANiyoMko jIvana nirvAhake liye kisI prakArakA parizrama nahIM karanA hotA thA / unakA jIvana itanA sarala thA ki vaha prAkRtarUpameM hI apanI vyAvazyaktAoM kI pUrti kara lete the / jaina zAstra kahate haiM ki 'kalpavRkSoM' se una logoMko manacAhe padArtha mila jAte the / vaha manamAne bhoga bhogate aura jIvanakA majA lUTate the / kintu jamAnA hamezA ekasA nahIM rahatA / vaha dina vIta gaye jaba yahAM hI svarga thA / loga utane puNyazAlI janme hI nahIM ki svarga-sukhake adhikArI isa naravAmameM hI hote / jaina zAstra batAte haiM ki jaba eka roja kalpavRkSa naSTa ho cale, logoM ko peTakA savAla hala karane ke liye buddhi aura baLakA upayoga karanA nAvazyaka hogayA, parantu ve jAnate to the hI nahIM ki unakA upayoga kaise kareM ? ve apane meM medhAvI puruSoMko khojane lage, unhoMne unako kulakara yA manu kahA / ina kulakaroMne, jo kula caudaha the, logoMko jIvana nirvAha

Page #21
4 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | karanekI prArambhika zikSA dii| bArahaveM kulakarakA nAma marudeva thaa| unhoMne nAvika zikSAke sAtha 2 logoMko dAmpatyajIvanakA mahatva hRdayaGgama kraayaa| unhIM ke samaya se kahanA cAhiye ki karmazIka nara-nAriyoMne gharagirastI banAkara rahanA siikhaa| zAyada yahI kAraNa hai ki vaidika sAhitya meM bhAratake yAdi nivAsI 'murudeva' bhI kahe gaye haiN| aMtima kulakara nAbhirAya the jinakI rAnI marudevI thiiN| inhIM dampatike suputra bhagavAna RSabhadeva the / bhagavAna RSabhadevane hI logoMko ThIkase sabhya jIvana vyatIta karanA sikhAyA thA / unake pUrvopArjita zubha karmoMkA hI yaha suphala thA ki svayaM indrane Akara unake sabhyatA aura saMskRtike prasArameM sahayoga pradAna kiyA thA / kuTuMbako unakI kAryakSamatA ke anusAra unhoMne tIna vargoMmeM vibhakta kara diyA thA, jo kSatrI, vaizya aura zUdravarNa kahalAte the / jaba dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA hocukI taba jJAnaprasArake liye brAhmaNavarga bhI sthApita huA / isataraha kula cAra varNo samAja vibhakta karadI gaI; kintu usakA yaha vibhAjana mAtra rASTrIya suvidhA aura utthAna ke liye thA / usakA bAdhAra koI maulika bheda na thA / usa samaya to saba hI manuSya eka jaise the / naitika va anya zikSA milanepara jaisI jisameM yogyatA aura kSamatAdRSTi par3I vaisA hI usakA varNa sthApita kara diyA gayA; yadyapi sAmAjika sambandha - vivAha zAdI karaneke liye saba svAdhIna the / dakSiNa bhArata meM bhI isa vyavasthAkA pracAra thA, kyoMki vahAMke sAhi 1- bhA0 parva 3 va 12 / 2 -saMjeha0 1 / 21 /

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5. maaykn| svase bhI inhIM cAra varNoM kA patA calatA hai aura inake jIvananirvAhake liye ThIka vahI bhAjIvikAke chaha upAya batAye gaye haiM jo uttara bhAratameM milate haiN|' jaina zAstroMmeM uttara aura dakSiNa bhAratake manuSyoMmeM koI bheda najara nahIM par3atA / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki unameM usa samayakA varNana hai, jaba ki sAre bhAratameM eka hI sabhyatA aura saMskRti thii| usa samaya vaidika mAryokA unako patA nahIM thaa| prAcIna zodha bhI hameM isI dizAkI ora lejAtI hai| harappA aura mohanajodarokI IsvIse pAMcahajAra varSoM pahalekI sabhyatA aura saMskRti vaidika dharmAnuyAyI AryokI nahIM thI, yayapi usakA sAdRzya aura sAmba drAvir3a sabhyatA aura saMskRtise thA, yaha mAja vidvAnoMke nikaTa eka mAnya viSaya hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI prakaTa hai ki eka samaya drAvir3a sabhyatA uttara bhArata taka vistRta thii| sArAMzataH yaha kahA jAsaktA hai ki vaidika mAryoMke pahale sAre bhAratavarSameM eka hI sabhyatA aura saMskRtiko mAnanevAle loga rahate the| yahI vajaha hai ki jainazAmroMmeM. uttara aura dakSiNake bhAratIyoMmeM koI bheda dRSTi nahIM par3atA ! 1-'tholakAppiyam' jaise prAcIna graMthase yahI pragaTa hai| voke nAma (1) barasara arthAt kSatrI, (2) manayenara arthAt brAhmaNa, (3) vaNikara, (4) billAlara (kRSaka) kSatrIvarNa jaina pranyoMkI bhAMti pahale binA gayA hai| 2-mAszala, moda. bhA. 1 pR. 1.9-11.1 * * comparison of the lndus and Vodio Culture shows in contostably that they were unrelated." (p. 110),

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saMkSita jaina itihAsa / kintu prazna yaha hai ki vaidika Aryose pahale jo loga bhAra. tameM rahate the vaha kauna the ? yadi hama mejara jenarala pharalA~ga sA0 ke abhimatako mAnya ThaharAyeM to isa praznakA uttara yaha hogA ki ve drAvir3a bhaura jainI the / aura saba hI marudeva yA nAbhirAya kulakarakI santAna the / ' unakI eka sabhyatA thI, eka saMskRti thI aura eka dharma thA, jaisA ki kulakaroM aura mAdibrahmA RSabhadevane niradhArita kiyA thaa| parantu isa prabhapara jarA adhika gaharA vicAra vAnchanIya hai-manastuSTi gaMbhIra gaveSaNAse bhalI hotI hai| nissandeha yaha spaSTa hai ki bhAratake Adi nivAsI vaidika mAnyatAke mArya nahIM the| unake matirikta bhAratameM do prakArake manuSyoMke rahanekA patA calatA hai| unameMse eka sabhya the aura dusare viskula asabhya the| pahale logoMkA prAcIna sAhityameM nAga, mamura, drAvir3a Adi nAmoMse ullekha hubhA milatA hai aura dUsare prakArake masabhya loga 'dAsa' kahe gaye haiN| kinhIM logoMkA anumAna hai ki inhIM 'dAsa' gogoMmeMse zudra varNake loga the / sabhya loga 1. pharalAMga sA0 likhate haiM ki "anumAnataH I0 pUrva 1500se "800 balki agaNita samaya se pazcimIya tathA uttarIya bhArata tUganI yA drAvir3oM dvArA zAsita thA |....usii samaya uttarIya bhAratameM eka purAnA, sabhya, saiddhAntika aura vizeSataH sAdhuoMkA dharma arthAt jaina dharma bhI vidyamAna thA / isI dharmase brAhmaNa aura bauddha dharmoMke sanyAsa zAstroMne vikAsa pAyA / "Short studies in the Science of Comparative Religions, (pp. 243-4) 2. aI, pR0 bhU0 3 1 1-64

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praathkn| [7 mukhyatayA asura nAmase hI vikhyAta the| aba jarI dekhiye, vaidika sAhityameM ina asura logoMkI yaha khAsa vizeSatAyeM varNita haiM: (1) masura loga 'prajApati' kI santAna the aura unakI tulanA vaidika devatAoMke samAna thii| (2) masura logoMkI bhASA saMskRta nahIM thii| pANinine unheM vyAkaraNake jJAnase hIna batAyA hai| Rgveda (7 / 18-13 ) meM unheM 'virodhI bhASA-bhASI' (of hostile speech) aura vaidika mAryokA zatru ( 1 / 174-2) kahA hai| (3) asura dhvacihna sarpa aura garur3a the| (4) asura kSAtradharma pradhAna the| (5) asura loga jyotiSa vidyAmeM niSNAta the| (Rgveda 1 / 28 / 8) (6) mAyA yA jAdU (magic) asurakA guNa thaa| (Rgveda 1 / 160-23) asura logoMkI yaha vizeSatAyeM Aja bhI jainiyoMke liye bhanUThI haiM / jaina zAsro AdibrahmA RSabhadeva 'prajApati' bhI kahe gaye haiN|' Ajake jainI unakI santAna haiM aura ve bhI anya hindu oMkI taraha Arya hI haiM / jainiyoMkI bhASA saMskRtase sthAnapara prAkRta rahI hai| jisakA vyAkaraNa athavA sAhityakarUpa saMskRtase zAyada bharvAcIna hai| prAkRta saMskRtase bhinna hI hai| isaliye jainiyoM aura asuroMkI bhASA bhI sadRza pragaTa hotI hai| asura cihna sarpa 1. mahApurANa-jinasahasranAma - -

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samita na itihAsa / jainoMmeM vizeSa rUr3ha hai| ekase adhika jaina tIrthakaroM aura zAsana devatAoMse usakA sambandha hai| hAM, garur3akA cihna jainoMmeM utanA pracalita nahIM hai / jainoMke saba hI tIrthaGkara kSatrI the aura unakI zikSA pratyeka manuSyako kSAtra dharmakA anuyAyI banA detI hai| bainiyoMkA mAdhyAtmika kSAtradharma anUThA hai| brAhmaNoM aura bauddhoMne jainiyoMko jyotiSa vidyA niSNAta likhA hai aura prAcIna bhAratameM jaina mAnyatAnusAra hI kAlagaNanA pracalita thii| ina vidharmiyoMne jaina tIrthakaroMkI bAhya vibhUti dekhakara unheM indrajAliyA (jAdugara ) Adi kahA hai| isa prakAra asUra logoMkI khAsa vizeSatAyeM jainoMmeM milatI haiN| usapara uparAnta masUra logoMdvArA marthavedakI mAnyatAkA ullekha hai, nise RSi aGgarisane racA thaa| yaha RSi anarisa svayaM eka samaya jaina muni the| isa sAkSIse bhI asuroMkA jainadharmase sambaMdhita honA pragaTa hai| antataH vaidika purANa granthoMke nimna uddharaNoMse spaSTa hai ki asura bhI eka samaya jainadharmAnuyAyI the: (1) 'viSNupurANa' (ma0 17-18) meM eka kathA hai jisakA saMkSepa isaprakAra hai ki eka samaya devatA aura masuroMmeM 1. paJcataMtra (1 / 1) prabodha candrodaya nATaka, nyAyavindu ma. 3 bhAdi0 / nyAyabindu meM likhA hai: " yathAH sarvajJa bhApto vA sa jyotirbAnAdikamupadiSTavAn / yathA RSabhavardhamAnAdiriti / " 2. baLavekhanIkA bhArata varSa dekho-usane kAlagaNanAmeM aba. sarpiNIkA ullekha kiyA hai| 3. bRhatasvayaMbhUstotrAdi / 4. "dijai"-vizeSAMka....

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- praayn| bar3A bhArI yuddha hubhA taba devatA hAra gaye aura asura jIta gaye / hAre hube devagaNa viSNu bhagavAnakI zaraNameM mAye aura bahuta stuti karake kahA ki mahArAja, kucha aisA upAya kIjiye jisase hama asuroMpara vijaya prApta kara skeN| viSNu bhagavAnane yaha sunakara apane zarIrase eka mAyAmoha nAmakA puruSa utpanna kiyA / vaha digambara ghuTe siravAlA aura mora picchidhArI thaa| isa mAyAmohako viSNune una devoMko dekara kahA ki yaha mAyAmoha apanI mAyA ( jAdu ) se asuroM yA daityoMko dharma-bhraSTa kara degA aura taba tuma vijayI hoNge| mAyAmoha devoMke sAtha bhasuroMke pAsa pahuMcA aura unheM bahuta taraha samajhAkara batAyA ki Aheta (jaina) dharma hI zreSTha hai-ise dhAraNa kro| masuroMne mAvAmohakA upadeza svIkAra kiyA aura ve dharmabhraSTa hogaye / taba devoMne unheM jaldI hI parAsta kara ddaalaa| isa kathAmeM varNita mAyAmoha eka digambara jaina muni haiM aura unheM mAyAjAlI (jAdugara) batAyA 1. ityukto bhagavAstebhyo mAyAmohaM zarIrataH / samutpAdya dadau viSNuH prAha cedaM surottamAn // 41 // mAyAmohoyamakhilAn daityAMstAna mohayiSyati / tato vadhyA bhaviSyanti vedamArgabahiSkRtAH // 42 // sthitau sthitasya me badhyA pAvantaH paripanthinaH / brahmaNo ye'dhikArasthA devadaityAdikA: surAH // 43 // tadgacchata nabhIkA mahAmoho'yamamataH / gacchatvadyopakArAya bhavatAM bhavitA murAH // 44 // ityaadi| viSNupurANa 10 18

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10] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | hai / unakA dharma spaSTa rUpase mAIta mata (jaina dharma) kahA gayA hai| narmadAtaTapara basanevAle asuroMko unhoMne jainadharma-rata banAyA thA / masuroMkI pUrvollikhita vizeSatAyeM ina jainI asuroMmeM mila jAtI haiN| (2) eka aisI hI kathA hindU 'padmapurANa' ( prathama sRSTi khaDa 13 pR0 33) para aMkita hai aura usameM bhI mAyAmoha jo diga mbara muMDe sira aura mora picchikAdhArI yogI (yogI digambaro muNDo barhipatradharozayaM ) thA, usake dvArA asuroMkA jainadharma rata honA likhA hai|' (3) 'devI bhAgavata' ( caturtha (kaMgha adhyAya 13 ) meM kathana hai ki zukrAcArya apane asura daityAdi yajamAnoMko dekhane gaye to kyA dekhate haiM ki chaLaveSadhArI bRhaspatijI una asuroMko jaina dharmakA upadeza dete haiM / vaha asuroMko ' devoMkA vairI' kahakara sambodhana karate haiM, jaise ki RgvedameM asuroMko kahA gayA hai / 1. bRhaspatisAhAyyArthe viSNunA mAyAmohasamutpAdanam digambareNa mAyAmohena desyAn prati jainadharmopadezaH dAnavAnAM mAyAmohamohitAnAM guruNA digambara jainadharmadIkSAdAnam / ' ( padmapurANa- veMkaTe zvara presa bambaI pR0 2) isa purANameM daitya, dAnava aura asura zabda samavAcI partha meM vyavahRta huye haiM, kyoMki aMta meM likhA hai 'trayIdharmasamutsRjya mAyAmohena te'surAH / ' 2. 'rUpadharaM saumyaM bodhayaMta kulena tAn / jainadharma kRtaM svena yajJaniMdA paraM tathA // 14 // bho devaripavaH satyaM bravImi bhavatAM hitam / mahiMsA paramo dharmo'haMtavyAdyAtatAyinaH // 55 // ityAdi /

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prAyakana / [11 (4) ' matsyapurANa ' (0 24 ) meM bhI devAsura yuddhakA prasaMga AyA hai aura usameM bhI unameM jaina dharmakA pracAra honA varNita hai|' ina uddharaNoMse siddha hai ki bhAratake prAcIna nivAsI asura logoMmeM jainadharmakA pracAra rahA hai| ve devAsura saMgrAmake samaya jainI the / isaliye vaidika AryokI sabhyatA aura saMskRtise pRthak aura prAcIna jo sabhyatA aura saMskRti sindhu upatyayakAmeM milatI hai vaha jaina dharmAnuyAyI asura logoMkI kahI jAsakatI hai aura usakA sAdRzya drAvir3a sabhyatAse hai| isaliye una donoMko eka mAnanA manucita nahIM hai / jaina granthoMse eka akhila bhAratIya sabhyatA aura saMskRtikA hI patA calatA hai| mohanajodarokI mudrAoMpara vidvAnoMne aisI mUrtiyAM aura vAkya par3he haiM jinakA sambandha jaina dharmase hai / eka mudrApara 'jinezvara' zabda likhA huA par3hA gayA hai| mudrAmoMpara aGkita mUrtiyAM yoganiSTha kAyotsarga mudrAvAlI nama haiM, jaisI ki jaina mUrtiyAM hotI haiN| eka padmAsana mUrti to ThIka bhagavAna pArzvanAthakI sarpaphaNamaNDala yukta pratimAke anurUpa hai| unakI nAsAgra dRSTi, kAyotsarga mudrA aura vRSabhAdi cihna ThIka jina mUrtiyoMke samAna haiN| yaha samAnatA bhI una mUrtiyoMko jaina dharmAnuyAyI puruSoMdvArA nirmita pragaTa karatI haiN| 1. purAtatya, bhA0 4 pR. 176 2. iMhikA0 bhA08 pariziSTa pR0 30 3. Modern Review, August 1932, pp. 155-160 4. moda0, mA0 1 pR. 60 Plato XIII, 15, 16.

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12] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / udhara jaina zAstroMse yaha pragaTa hI hai ki uttara bhAratakI taraha dakSiNa bhAratake dezoMmeM bhI sarva prathama bha0 RSamadeva dvArA hI samyatA aura saMskRtikA pracAra humA thaa| jaba vaha samUce dezakI vyavasthA karane lage the, taba indrane sAre dezako nimnalikhita 52 pradezoMmeM vibhakta kiyA thA:___"sukauzala, avaMtI, puMDa, uMDU, azmaka ramyaka, kuru, kAzI, kaliMga, aMga, baMga, suhya, samudraka, kAzmIra, uzInara, Anarta, vatsa, paMcAla, mAlava, dazArNa, kaccha, magadha, vidarbha, kurujAMgala, karahATa, mahArASTra, murASTra, mAmIra, koMkaNa, vanavAsa, mAMdhra, karNATa, kozala, cola, kerala, dAru, abhisAra, sauvIra, sUrasena, aparAMta, videha, siMdhu, gAMdhAra, yavana, cedi, pallava, kAMboja, mAraTTa, vAlhIka, turuSka, zaka, aura kekaya / " 1. " dezAH sukozalAvatIpuDroDAzmakaramyakAH / kurukAzIkaliMgAMgabaMgasuhyAH samudrakAH // 152 // kAzmIrozInarAnartavatsapaMcALamAlavAH / dazAH kacchamagadhA vidarbhA kurujAMgalaM // 153 // karahATamahArASTrasurASTrAbhIrakoMkaNAH / banavAsAMdhrakarNATakozalAzcolakeralAH // 154 // dArzabhisArasauvIra zUrasenAparAMtakAH / videhasiMdhugAMdhArayavanAzvedipallavAH // 15 // kAMbojAgvAlhImApAzakakekayAH / nivezitAstathAnyepi vimaktA viSayAstadA" // 156 // - mAdipurANa parva 16 /

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maathaan| [13 inameM azmaka ramyaka, karahATa, mahArASTra, AmIra, koMkaNa, vanavAsa, mAMdhra, karNATa, cola, kerala Adi deza dakSiNa bhAratameM milate haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki bha0 RSabhadeva dvArA ina dezoMkA mastitva aura saMskAra humA thA / ataH dakSiNa bhAratameM jaina dharmakA itihAsa usa hI samaya arthAt karmamamikI Adise hI prAraMbha hotA hai| isa apekSA hameM use do bhAgoMmeM vibhakta karanA ucita pratIta hotA hai; arthAt:(1) paurANika kAla:-isa antarAlameM bhagavAna RSabha devase 21 veM tIrthakara bha. naminAtha takakA saMkSipta itihAsa samAviSTa hojAtA hai| (2) aitihAsika kAla:-isa antarALameM uparAntake tIrthaGkaroM aura bhAjataka huye mahApuruSoMkA itihAsa garbhita hotA hai| yaha antarAla nimna prakAra tIna bhAgoMmeM bAMTanA upayukta hai| arthAt:(1) prAcInakAla (I0 pUrva 5000 se I0 pUrva 1) (2) madhyakAla ( san 1 se 1300 I0 ) (3) arvAcInakAla ( uparAnta ) bhAgeke pRSToMmeM isI uparyukta kramase dakSiNa bhAratake jaina itihAsakA varNana karanekA udyoga kiyA gayA hai| pahale hI 'paurANika kAla' kA vivaraNa pAThakoMke samakSa upasthita kiyA jAtA hai|

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saM0 jaina i0 bhAga 3 khaMDa 1. paurANika kAla / dakSiNa bhAratakA itihAsa /

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paurANika kaal| ("bha0 RSabhadeva aura samrAT bharata") bhagavAna RSabhadeva athavA vRSabhadeva jaina dharmameM mAne gaye isa bhabasarpiNIkAlake pahale tIrthaGkara the| jaina dharmameM tIrthaGkarase bhAva usa mahApuruSase hai jo isa saMsAra-samudrase pAra utArane ke liye aura mokSasthAnako prApta hone ke liye eka dharma-tIrthakI sthApanA karate haiN| RSabhadeva eka aise hI tIrthaGkara the / para sAtha hI unako 'kulakara' yA 'manu' bhI kahA gayA hai / vaha isaliye ki unhoMne hI vastutaH manuSyako sabhya aura saMskRta jIvana vyatIta karanA sikhAyA thaa| yaha pahale likhA jAcukA hai ki bhagavAna RSabhadeva mantima kulakara nAbhirAya aura unakI rAnI marudevIke suputra the / hindu purANa granthoM meM unakI gaNanA avatAroMmeM kI gaI hai aura unheM mAThavAM avatAra kahA gayA hai| bhagavAnakA janma caitra kRSNA 9 ko ayodhyAmeM humA thA aura unakA janma-mahotsava khUba dhUmadhAmase manAyA gayA thaa| vaha dharmake prathama upadeSTA the, isaliye unakA nAma 'zrI vRSabhanAtha' rakkhA gayA thaa| jisa samaya vaha rAnI marudevIke garbhameM the, usa samaya unakI mAMne solaha zubha svapna dekhe the, jinake aMtameM eka sundara baila thA / saMskRtameM bailako 'vRSabha' kahate haiM aura malaM. kRta bhASAmeM vaha dharmatatvake liye vyavahRta huA hai|' isaliye hI 1-bhama0 pR0 12-47: dI paramAnenTa hindI bhASa iMDiyA dekho|

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18 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / bhagavAnakA dhvajacinha bhI ' vRSabha ' ( Bull) thA / bhagavAna RSabha - devakI jo mUrtiyAM milatI haiM unameM yaha bailakA cihna milatA hai| " bhagavAna RSabhadeva svayaM jJAnI the| mAnavoMmeM sarvazreSTha the / unakI yuvAvasthAkI ceSTAyeM paropakAra ke liye hotI thiiN| unase janatAkA vAstavika hita sAdhA thaa| ve svayaM gaNita, chaMda, alaMkAra, vyAkaraNa, lekhana, citralipi Adi vidyAoM aura kalAoMke jJAtA the aura unhoMne hI sabase pahale inakA jJAna logoM ko karAyA thA / pUrNa yuvA honepara unakA vivAha kaccha mahAkaccha nAmaka do rAjAoMkI parama suMdarI aura viduSI naMdA aura sunaMdA nAmaka do rAjakumAriyoMke sAtha huA thA / rAnI sunandA ke samasta bharatakSetrakA pahalA samrAT bharata cakravartI nAmakA putra aura brAhmI nAmakI kanyA huI thii| RSabhadevane brAhmIko hI pahale pahale lekhanakalAkI zikSA dI thii| isIliye bhAratIya Adi lipi ' brAhmI lipi' kahalAtI hai / dUsarI rAnI sunandA ke mahAbalavAna bAhubali aura paramasuMdarI sundarI nAmakI kanyA huI thI / bharatake vRSabhasena Adi bhaTThAnave bhAI aura the / ina saba putrako vividha pradezoMmeM rAjapratiSTha karake RSabhadeva nizcita huye the / yaha hama pahale likha cuke haiM ki prajAkI Adi vyavasthA 1. mohanajodarokI mudrAoMpara katipaya kAyotsarga mudAkI nagna mUrtiyAM aMkita haiM jinapara baiThakA cihna bhI hai| rA0 ba0 rAmaprasAdga candA mahAzaya unheM bha0 RSabhadevakI mUrtike samAna pragaTa karate haiM / ma0 RSabhadevane kAyotsarga mudrAmeM tapazcaraNa kiyA thA / ( Modern Review, Aug 1932, p. 159 )

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A paurANika kAla / [19 bha0 RSabhadeva dvArA hI huI thI / bharata yuvarAja the aura RSabhadevake muni hojAne para rAjyAdhikArI huye the| unake bhAiyoM se katipayakA rAjya dakSiNa bhAratake nimna likhita pradezoMmeM thA: azmaka, mUlaka, kaliMga, kuMtala, mahiSaka, navarASTra, bhogavarddhana ityaadi| bhagavAna RSabhadeva aura unakI santAna 'ikSvAku kSatriya' kahalAte the| yahI ikSvAkuvaMza uparAnta 'sUrya' aura 'candra' vaMzoM vibhakta hogayA thaa| samrAT bharatane sabhyatA aura saMskRtike prasArake liye chahoM khaMDa pRthvIkI digvijaya kI thii| unhIMke nAmakI apekSA yaha deza 'bhAratavarSa ' kahA jAtA hai| bhAratake uttara aura dakSiNa bhAgoMkA eka hI nAma honA isa bAtakA pramANa hai ki samUcA deza bharata mahArAjake adhikArameM thaa| sAre bhAratakA taba eka hI rAjA, eka hI dharma aura eka hI sabhyatA thii| nRtyakAriNI nIlAMjasAko nRtya karate karate hI vilIyamAna hotA dekhakara RSabhadevako vairAgya utpanna humA / caitra vadI navamIke dina bhagavAn digambara muni ho tapazcaraNa karane lge| unake sAtha cAra hajAra anya rAjA bhI muni hogae / parantu kaThina municaryAko vaha nibhA na ske| isaliye munipadase bhraSTa hokara ve nAnA pAkhaNDoMke pratipAdaka huye / inameM bha0 RSabhadevakA pautra marIci pradhAna thA usane sAMkhya matake sadRza eka dharmakI nIMva DAlI thii| Akhira bha0 RSabhadeva sarvajJa paramAtmA huye aura taba unhoMne sAre deza meM vihAra karake lokakA mahAna kalyANa kiyA thaa| yaha

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20 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | isa kAlameM bAdi dharma dezanA thI / bhagavAnane kAzI, avaMtI, kurujAMgala, kozala, sujha, puMDU, cedi, aMga, baMga, magadha, aMtra, kaliMga, bhadra, paMcAla, mAlava, dazArNa, vidarbha Adi dezoMmeM vihAra kiyA thA / logoMko sanmArgapara lagAyA thA ! antataH kailAsa parvata para jAkara bhagavAna birAjamAna huye the aura vahIMse mAgha kRSNA caturdazIko bhagavAna nirvANapadake adhikArI huye / bharata mahArAjane unake smAraka meM vahAM unakI svarNa-pratimA nirmita karAI thI / * dakSiNa bhAratake prathama sabhrAT bAhubali / bhagavAna RSabhadevake dUsare putra bAhubali the / yaha mahA balavAna aura ati suMdara the / isIliye inako pahalA kAmadeva kahA gayA hai / bhagavAna RSabhadevane bAhubaliko azmaka - ramyaka athavA suramya dezakA zAsaka niyukta kiyA thA aura vaha podanapura se prajAkA pAlana karate the / apane samayake anupama sundara aura zreSTha zAsakako pAkara unakI prajA vyatIva saMtuSTa huI thii| yahI vajaha hai ki Aja bhI unakI pavitra smRti logoM ke hRdayoM meM sajIva hai / dakSiNa bhArata ke loga unheM 'gomaTTa' arthAt 'kAmadeva' nAmase smaraNa karate haiM aura nissandeha vaha kAmadeva the / parantu kAmadeva hote huye bhI bAhubali nIti aura maryAdA dharmake Adarza the / sAtha hI unakI manovRtti svAdhIna aura nyAyAnumodita thI / vaha anyAke pratikAra aura kartavya pAlanake liye moha mamatA aura kAyaratA se * vizeSake liye byAdipurANa va saMkSipta jaina itihAsa prathama bhAga dekho /

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paurANika kaal| [21 pare rahate the / 'svArtha' nahIM-'kartavya' unakA mArgadarzaka thA / isIliye vaha eka Adarza samrAT aura mahAna yogIke rUpameM prasiddha hue / _ 'cakravartI'-padako sArthaka banAneke liye apane aura parAye saba hI zAsakoMko ekadaphA natamastaka banA denA Arya rAjanItikA takAz2A rahA hai / samrAT bharatako cakravartI honA thaa| unhoMne SaTkhaNDa pRthvI jIta lI thii| parantu unake bhAI abhI bAkI the / samrATne cAhA ki unake bhAI kevala unakI Ana mAna leM / para ve saba svAdhIna vRttike kSatrI the| unhoMne bhAI ke svArtha aura aizvaryamadako viveka netrase dekhA aura socA-"yaha pRthvI pitAjIne hameM dI hai| hamAre bar3e bhAI usapara apanA adhikAra cAhate haiN| hama isase moha kyoM kareM ? pitAjI ise chor3a gye| calo, hama bhI ise tyAga deN|" unhoMne jaisA socA vaisA kara dikhaayaa| ve saba tIrthakara RSabhadevake caraNatalameM jAkara muni hogye| bharatake bhAiyoMmeM bAhubali bAkI rahe / bharata mahArAjane maMtriyoMkI sammatiko Adara dekara apanA dUta unake pAsa mejaa| itane bahutasI utAra caDhAvakI bAteM kahIM; parantu bAhubalipara unakA kucha bhI asara nahIM huaa| unhoMne dutake dvArA bharata mahArAjako raNAgaNameM mAneke liye nimaMtraNa bhijavA diyaa| samrAT bharata pahalese hI isa avasarakI pratIkSAmeM the| unhoMne apanI caturaMgaNI senA sajAI aura vaha lAvalazkara lekara podanapurake liye cala diye / udhara bAhubaliko senA bhI zastrAstrale susajita ho raNakSetra bhaaddttii| donoM senAyeM mAmane-sAmane yuddha ke lie taiyAra thIM / do

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22] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / narapuMgavoMkI javAna hilAne bharakI dera thI ki lAkhoM naramuMDa dharAtala para loTate dikhAI dete / parantu donoM zAsakoMke rAjamaMtriyoMkA viveka jAgRta humA / unhoMne dekhA, yaha nirarthaka hiMsA hai-anarthadaNDa hai| ise kyoM na rokA jAya ? donoMne narazArdUloMko samajhAyA / niraparAdha manuSyoMkI amUlya jAneM kyoM jA~yeM ? svayaM bhArata aura bAhubali hI apane bala pauruSakI parIkSA karaleM / yahI nizcita huaa| malayuddha-netrayuddha mAdi kaI prakArake yuddhoMmeM donoM vIroMne apane bhAgyoMkI parIkSA kI; parantu bAhubalikA pauruSa mahAna thA / bharata unako na pA paaye| vaha khisiyA gye| bhapamAnake paritApase vaha aise kSobhita hue ki unhoMne apane bhAI para hI cakra calA diyA; kintu sagotrI hone ke kAraNa cakra bhI bAhubalikA kucha na vigAr3a skaa| hA~, bharatakI yaha khArthaparatA dekhakara unake hRdayako gaharI coTa phuNcii| unako rAja-pATa heya jaMcane lgaa| unhoMne manuSyakI mAyA mamatAko dhikkArA bhaura vastrAbhUSaNa tyAga kara digambara muni hoge| bharata natamastaka hokara ayodhyA lauTa Aye / podanapura meM bAhubalikA putra rAjyazAsana karane lagA maura unhIMkI santatikA vahAM adhikAra rahA / podanapurameM rahakara bAhubaline ghora tapazcaraNa kiyaa| vaha kAyotsarga mudrAmeM zAnta aura gaMbhIra bane hue eka sAlataka lagAtAra dhyAnamama rhe| cITiyoMne unake pAMvoMke sahAre bAMbiyAM banAlI, latAyeM unake zarIra para car3ha gaI; parantu unako z2arA bhI khayAla na humA / udhara bharatamahArAjako bhI bhAIke darzana karanekI abhilASA

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paurANika kaal| huii| vaha podanapura gye| unhoMne bar3e premase rAjarSi bAhubaliko vandanA kii| bAhubali nirAkula hue| unhoMne apane dhyAnako aura bhI vizuddha banAyA aura ghAtiyA karmoM kA nAza kara diyaa| vaha kevalajJAnI hogae / devoMne utsava mnaayaa| bharatamahArAjane unake kevalajJAnakI pUjA kii| bAhubaline cAtaka zrotAoMko dharmAmRta pAna kraayaa| aura vaha sAre dezameM vihAra karane lage / bhAtamahArAjane unakI pavitra smRtimeM podanapurameM eka svarNamUrti unhIMke bhAkArakI sthApita karAI; jo vahA~ eka lambe samaya taka vidyamAna rhii| vihAra karate hue rAjarSi bAhubali kailAza parvatapara pahuMce aura vahA~para unhoMne pUrNa dhyAnakA Azraya liyA, jisake pariNAma svarUpa vaha nirvANake adhikArI hue| vidvAnoMkA anumAna hai ki bAhubali hI dakSiNamAratake pahale samrAT dharmAmRta varSA karake mokSakAma karanevAle pahale manuSya the|' hamAre vicArase yaha mAnyatA hai bhI ThIka; kyoMki bAhubalikA rAjyapradeza aznakaramyaka aura podanapura dakSiNabhAratameM hI abasthita pramANita hote haiN| yadyapi koI 2 vidvAn podanapurako bhAratakI pazcimottara sImA bhavasthita aura prAyaH takSazilA hI anumAna karate haiM; parantu unakI yaha mAnyatA yuktipurassara nahIM hai| nimna paMktiyoM pAThakagaNa podanapurako prAcIna dakSiNApathameM avasthita " siddha huA pddh'eNge| jaina saMghameM podanapurakA kathana aneka syaloMpara bhAyA hai aura 1-padmapurANa carya parva ko* 67-77.

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24] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| unakA ullekha mAgeke pRSThoMne pAThakagaNa yathAsthAna pddh'eNge| sabase pahale isakA ullekha bAhubalijIke sambandhameM humA milatA hai| 'mahApurANa' meM likhA hai ki bharatake itane podanapurako zAlicAvala aura ganneke khetoMse lahalahAtA pAyA thA aura vaha * saMkhyAta' dinoMmeM hI vahAM pahuMca gayA thaa| 'harivaMzapurANa' meM likhA hai ki duta ayodhyAse pazcima dizAko calakara podanapura pahuMcA thaa| ina ullekhoMse spaSTa hai ki podanapura ayodhyAse bahuta jyAdA dUra nahIM thA aura na vaha ayodhyAse uttara dizAmeM thA; jaise ki takSazilA honI caahiye| usake AsapAsa zAlicAvala aura gannA hote the| takSazilAmeM yaha cIjeM zAyada hI milatI hoN| sAtha hI takSazilAmeM eka bRhatkAya bAhubali mUrtike mastitvakA patA nahIM calatA, joki podanapurakA khAsa smAraka thaa| bAhubalike atirikta podanapurakA khAsa ullekha bhagavAna pArzvanAthake pUrvabhava caritrameM milatA hai| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha apane pahale bhavameM podanapurake rAjA aravindake purohita vizvabhUtike suputra marubhUti the| unake bhAI kamaTha the / kamaTha duSTa prakRtikA manuSya thA / usane marubhUnikI strIse vyabhicAra sevana kiyA, jisakA daNDa use dezanikAlA milaa| 1-'zAlivapreSu'-'zAlIkSugIrakakSetravRtaH' ( 36 parva) "krameNa dezAn siMdhUzca dezasaMdhIca so'tiyan / prApat saMkhyAtarAtraistatpuraM podanAkSayam / " 2-harivaMzapurANa, sarga 11 zloka 79 /

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paurANika kaal| [15 vaha podanapurase calakara bhUtAcala parvatapara eka tApasAzramameM kutapa tapane lgaa| marubhUti marakara malayaparvatake kubjakasallakI vanameM hAthI huaa| vaha vahAM vegavatI nadIke kinArepara rahatA thaa| 'uttarapurANa' meM spaSTa zabdoMne podanapurako dakSiNabhAratake suramyadeza meM avasthita likhA hai|' zrI vAdirAjasarine bhI podanapurako murampadezameM zAlicAvaloMke khetoMse bharapUra likhA hai| vahAMse bhUtAcala parvata adhika dUra nahIM thaa| zrIjinasenAcAryane bhUtAcalake sthAnapara rAmagiri parvata likhA hai| aba yaha dekhanA cAhiye ki podanapurake nikaTavartI uparokta sthAna kahAMpara the ? pahale hI bhUtAcaLa yA rAmagiri parvatako lIjiye / bhI jinasenAcAryane rAmagirikA ullekha bhUtAcalake liye kiyA hai, isaliye yaha anumAna karanA ThIka hai ki rAmagiri aura bhUtAcA eka hI parvatake minna nAma the, athavA eka parvatakI do zikhiroMke nAma the| rAmagiri nAgapura DivIjanakA rAmaTeka hai, jo bhAja bhI eka prasiddha tIrthasthAna hai| zrI ugrAdityAcAryane rAmagirike jaiba maMdirameM hI baiThakara graMtha racanA kI thii| unhoMne use trikaliGga dezameM bhavasthita 1-"jabUvibhUSaNe dvIpe bharate dakSiNe mahAn / suramyo viSayastatra vistIrNa podanaM puraM // " 2-pArzvanAthacarit prathama sarga zloka 37-38, 48 va sarga 2 zloka 65 3-pArvAbhyudayakAvya-'yo nirmatsai'-ityAdi padya dekho| 4-jaina siddhAMta bhAskara (jaisimA0) mA0 3 pR. 13-14 /

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26 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | likhA hai, jise vidvajjana Adhunika madhyaprAMta hI pragaTa karate haiM / " aba jaba rAmagiri rAmaTeka hai to bhUtAcala bhI vahIM kahIM honA cAhiye / 3 hamAre mitra zrI govinda pai nAgapura DivIjanake vetUla jileko bhUtAcala anumAna karate haiN| usake AsapAsa parvata haiM aura vaha mazmaka deza se bhI dUra nahIM hai, jaise ki prAcIna bhAratake nakose spaSTa hai / hindU ' matsyapurANa' se eka ' tApasa' nAmaka pradezakA dakSiNApathake uttara bhAgameM honA pragaTa hai, jo yUnAnI lekhaka TomIkA madhyadezavartI 'tabase' (Tabassoi) pratIta hotA hai| ataH yaha saMbhava hai ki kamaTha va tApasa dezameM sthita bhUtAcala yA rAmagiri parvatapara kutapa tapane gayA thaa| jo ho, yaha spaSTa hai ki podanapura ke nikaTa avasthita uparokta parvata dakSiNApathake uttarI bhAgameM vidyamAna the / bhana malaya parvata aura kubjakasallakI banako laujiye / karnighama sA0ne malayaparvatako drAvir3a dezameM sthita batAyA hai| * cInadezake yAtrI vhAnutsAMgane use kAMcIse dakSiNakI ora 3000 1- vezIza trikaliGga deza.... ramye rAmagirAviMda.... / ' - jesibhA0 3 pR0 53 / 2 - pro0 10 mukarajIkI 'Fundamental Unity of India' nAmaka pustaka meM lagA huA prAcIna bhAratakA nakazA dekho / . 3 - matsyapurANa (Panini office ed., S. B. H. Vol. XVII) ch. CXIV. 4 - ja0 pR0 627 /

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paurANika kALa / [ 27. mIlakI dUrIpara likhA hai| vegavatI nadI bhI drAviDadezameM hai / " malayaparvatapara candana vRkSoMkA vana thA / vahI kubjakasallakI vana anu mAna kiyA jAsakatA hai / isaprakAra podanapurake pAsa meM avasthita ye uparokta sthAna bhI dakSiNa bhAratameM milate haiM / podanapura inase uttarakI ora honA cAhiye; kyoMki 'bhujabali carit' meM ullekha hai ki. gaGga senApati cAmuNDarAya podanapurakI yAtrA karane ke liye uttara kI ora calate huye zravaNabelagola pahuMce the / 3 roha rahA suramya deza, jisakI rAjadhAnI podanapura thI / yaha deza bhI dakSiNApathameM avasthita milatA hai| yUnAnI lekhaka TolamIne 'zmanai' (Ramnai) nAmaka eka pradeza madhyapradezameM likhA hai, jo vartamAna ke madhyaprAnta, barAra aura nijAma rAjyake kucha aMza jitanA thA / saMbhavataH yaha ramane hI jainoMkA suramya deza hai / 'AdipurANa' meM isIkA nAma saMbhavataH azmakaramyaka hai / aba jarA ajaina sAkSIpara bhI dhyAna diijiye| bauddha jAtakoM meM podanapura azmaka dezakI rAjadhAnI kahA gayA hai tathA 'suttanipAta' meM assakadeza godAvarI nadIke nikaTa sakya parvata, pazcimI ghATa aura daNDakAraNyake madhya avasthita likhA hai| saMskRta bhASA ke koSa 'bRhadAbhidhAn' meM pauNDya rAjA aimakakI rAjadhAnI kahI gaI haiM aura 'rAmAyaNa' (kiSkindhAkANDa) meM azmaka deza bhArata ke dakSiNa 1- pUrva0 pR0 741 / 2 - pUrva 0 pR0 739 / 3 - zravaNabeLagoLa pR0 10-11 / 4- prajega 0 10 bhAga 22 pR0 211 /

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. 28 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | yA dakSiNa pazcimottara bhAga meM batAyA gayA hai| kintu prazna yaha hai ki kyA ajaina graMthoMkA podana yA pauNDya aura azmakadeza jainazAstroM kA podanapura aura suramyadeza hai ? hamAre khyAlase unheM eka mAnanA yuktisaMgata hai / AdipurANAnusAra suramyadezakA aparanAma yadi azmaka - ramyaka mAnA jAya to azmaka dezako suramya mAnA jAsakatA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki azmakA apara nAma ramyaka yA suramya thA athavA yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki usake uparAnta do bhAga azmaka aura ramyaka hogae ho| yaha STa hI hai ki azmaka aura ramyaka prAyaH eka hI dakSiNApathavartI pradeza thA / 'harivaMzapurANa' meM azmakako dakSiNa deza hI likhA hai| " jaina lekhakoMne bhI aipakako dakSiNabhAratakA deza likhA hai| varAhamihira ne AMdhra ke bAda azmakako ginA hai| rAjazeSarane bhI 'kAvyamImAMsA' meM azmakako dakSiNadeza likhA hai| zAkaTAyanane sAlva (AMdhroM ) ke bAda azmakakA ullekha kiyA hai| kauTilyane azmako hIroMke liye prakhyAta aura rASTrikoMke bAda likhA hai| vindhyAcalake pare prAcIna dakSiNApatha meM hameM hIroMkI prasiddha 5 1 - jaiga * mA0 22 pR0 211 / 2 - hari0 sarga 19 zloka 70-71 / 3 - varAhamihirasaMhitA pari0 160 11 / G. O. S., Vol. I, eh. XVH P. 9. 1 - ( 2|4|101 ) 6 - arthazAstra, adhikAra 2 prakaraNa 29 /

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baurANika kAla / [ 29 khAna golakunDA mila jAtI hai / isaliye azmakadeza AjakalakA barAra aura nijAma rAjyakA kucha aMza jitanA thA / udhara suramyadeza bhI madhyaprAnta, barAra aura nijAma rAjyako aMzako apane meM liye huye thA, yaha pahale hI likhA jAcukA hai| ataH donoM dezoMko eka athavA eka dezake do bhAga mAnanA yuktisaMgata hai| isa avasthAmeM podanapura bhAratakI pazcimottara sImApara nahIM mAnA jAsakatA / kavi dhanapAlane 'bhaviSyadatta kathA' meM hastinApura ke rAjA aura podanapura ke zAsaka meM yuddha honekA ullekha kiyA hai / ina donoM rAjyoMke bIca meM kaccha dezakI sthiti vaisI hI thI jaisI ki gata yUropIya mahAyuddha meM belajiyamakI thI / yaha kaccha deza siMdhudezake samIpa sthita kaccha nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki vaha donoM rAjyoM ke bIca meM nahIM par3atA / hAM, yadi yaha kaccha deza gvAliyara rAjyake naravarajilemeM rahe huye kacchavAhe kSatriyoM kA pradeza mAnA jAya, jisakA mAnanA ThIka pratIta hotA hai, to usakI sthiti donoM rAjyoMke ThIka bIcameM AjAtI hai / kavi dhanapAlane podanapura narezako sAketa narendra bhI likhA hai, jisakA bhAva yahI hai ki vaha sAketa (ayodhyA) ke rAjavaMza se sambandhita the / podanapura rAjakulake AdipuruSa bAhubali sAketa - rAjAke suputra aura yuvarAja the| kavi dhanapAlane podanapurako siMdhudezameM likhA hai so ThIka hai, kyoMki yavantIke AsapAsakA pradeza sindhunadIkI apekSA sindhudeza bhI kahalAtA thA / ataH bAhubali 1-G. O. S., Vol. XX. Intro:

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30] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / narezakI rAjadhAnI podanapura dakSiNApathameM hI pramANita hotI hai|' bAhubali dakSiNa bhAratake pahale samrATa the aura pahale sAdhu the| dakSiNa bhAratameM Aja bhI unakI bRhatkAya pASANamUrtiyAM isa * smArakako jIvita banAye hue haiN| "anya tIthakara aura nArAyaNa tRpRsstt|" bhagavAn RSabhadevake atirikta paurANika kAlameM bhagavAna ajitanAthase bhagavAn mariSTanemi paryanta 21 tIrthaGkara aura huye the| ina tIrthakkaroMne bhI kevalajJAna prApta karake uttara aura dakSiNabhAratameM "vihAra kiyA aura dharmopadeza diyA thaa| 'uttarapurANa' meM likhA hai| 'ki malayadezake bhadrapurameM tIrthakkara zItalanAthakA janma huA thaa| aura vahIMpara muMDazAlayana nAmaka eka brAhmaNa rahatA thA; jisane loma kaSAyake vaza ho karake aise zAstroMkI racanA kI ki jinameM brAhma* NoMko sone cAMdIkA dAna denekA varNana thaa| una zAstroMko rAjadarabAra meM upasthita karake usane dAna dakSiNAmeM bahutasA dhana prApta kiyA thaa| yahIMse mithyA matakA pracAra huA kahA gayA hai| malayadeza drAvir3a kSetrameM mAnA jAtA hai / isaliye bhadrapura bhI vahIM avasthita pragaTa hotA hai; kintu bhAdhunika mAnyatAnusAra zItalanAtha bhagavAnakA janmasthAna vartamAna bhelasA hai, jo madhyapradezameM bhavasthita hai| isa mAnyatAkA kyA mAdhAra hai, yaha jJAta nahIM hai / 1-vizeSake liye 'bUlanara kamomerezana vAlyUma' (lAhora ) meM "hamArA 'podanapura aura takSazilA' zIrSaka lekha dekho| 2-upu0 56 / 23-85 /

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anya tIrthakara aura nArAyaNa tRpRSTa / [ 31 dUsare tIrthakara bha0 ajitanAtha ke samayameM sagara cakravartI huye the| unhoMne SaTkhaMDa digvijaya kiye the, jisakA artha yaha hotA hai ki unhoMne dakSiNabhAratako bhI vijaya kiyA thaa| unake pazcAt kALAnusAra maghavA, sanatkumAra, subhauma, padma, hariSeNa yadi cakravartI huye the, jinhoMne bhI apanI digvijayameM dakSiNabhArata para apanI vijaya- vaijayantI phaharAI thii| ma0 zreyAMsanAthake samaya meM dakSiNApathavartI podanapurake rAjA prajApati the / unakI mahArAnIkA nAma bhagavatI thA / unake eka bhAgyazAlI putra janmA, jisakA nAma unhoMne tRpRSTa rakkhA / yahI tRpRSTa jainazAstroM meM pahale nArAyaNa kahe gaye haiM / tRSpRSTakI vimAtA se utpanna vijaya nAmaka bhAI pahale baladeva the / tRpRSTa aura vijayameM paraspara bahuta hI prema thA / nArAvaNa tRSTaSTane pratinArAyaNa azvagrIvako yuddhameM harAkara dakSiNa bhAratako apane AdhIna kiyA thA / tRpRSTakI paTTarAnI svayaMprabhA thI aura usake jyeSTha putrakA nAma zrIvijaya thA / zrIvijayakA vivAha tArAke sAtha huA thA / tRpRSTake bAda podanapura ke rAjA zrI vijaya huye the| unake bhAI vijayabhadra yuvarAja the| tArAko eka vidyAdhara hara legayA thA / zrIvijayane yuddha karake tArAko usa vidyAdhara se vApasa liyA thA / rAjA prajApati aura baladeva vijayane trita dhAraNa kara karmo kA nAza kiyA thA; parantu tRpRSTa bahu pariyahI hone ke kAraNa narakakA pAtra banA thaa| to bhI isameM zaka nahIM ki dakSiNa bhAratakA vaha dUsarA prasiddha aura balavAna rAjA thaa| 1- parva 57 va parva 62 dekho| 1

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32] saMkSita jaina itihaas| nArAyaNa dvipRSTa / dUsare nArAyaNa dvipRSTa bhagavAna vAsupUjyake samayameM huye the / yadyapi unakA janma dvArAmatI nagarImeM huA thA, parantu unake pUrvabhavakA sambandha dakSiNa bhAratase avazya thaa| apane pUrvabhavameM vaha kanakapurake rAjA suSeNa the / unakI guNamaMjarI nAmaka nRtyakAriNI suMdarI aura vidvAna thI / malayadezake viMdhyapura nagarameM rAjA vidhya. zakti rAjya karatA thaa| usane guNamaMjarIkI prasiddhi sunI aura sunate hI usane suSeNase use maMgavA bhejA / aura jaba suSeNane use rAjIse nahIM diyA to vaha suSeNako yuddha meM parAsta karake jIta laayaa| suSeNa muni hogayA aura Ayu pUrI kara svargameM deva huaa| vahAMse cayakara vahI nArAyaNa dvipRSTa huaa| viMdhyazaktise usakA pUrva vaira thA-use vaha bhulA nhiiN| vidhyazaktikA jIva saMsArameM rUla kara bhogavarddhanapurake rAjAke yahAM tAraka nAmaka zyAmavarNa putra humA / tAraka rAjA honepara eka prabhAvazAlI zAsaka aura vijetA siddha huaa| tArakane dvipRSTase bhI kara mAMgA, parantu dvipRSTane ise apanA apamAna samajhA / isI bAtako lekara donoMmeM ghamAsAna yuddha huA, jisameM tArakako Ane prANoMse hAtha dhone pdd'e| dvipRSTane tIna khaMDa pRthvIkA svAmitva prApta kiyA / digvijaya karake unhoMne pratIpa nAmaka parvatapara zrI vAsupUjya svAmIkI vandanA kii| dvipRSTa yadyapi balavAna rAjA thA, parantu vaha indriyoMkA gulAma thaa| isI liye zAstroMmeM kahA gayA hai ki vaha marakara narakakA pAtra huaa| 1-upu0 5861-77 /

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podanapurake anya raajaa| podanapurake anya raajaa| tIrthakara vimalanAthake samayameM gaNadhara merumaMdara aura mumi saMjayaMta huye the| unake pUrvabhavake varNanameM podanapurake rAjA pUrNacandrakA ullekha hai| rAjA pUrNacandrako sAketake rAjA mAdityabalakI putrI hiraNyavatI byAhI gaI thii| unakA putra siMhacaMdra thaa|' pUrNacaMdrakI putrI rAmadattAkA vyAha siMhapurake rAjA siMhasenake sAtha huA thaa|' tIrthakara anaMtanAthake suprama nAmaka balabhadra aura puruSottamanArAyaNa huye the| unake pUrvabhavAntaroMmeM poinapurake rAjA vasusenakA ullekha hai| vasusenakI mahArAnI naMdA paramapavitra aura anupama suMdarI thiiN| vasusenakA mitra malayadezakA rAjA caMDazAsana thaa| ekadA vaha usase milane aayaa| rAnI naMdAke rUpalAvaNyapara vaha mAsakta hogayA aura kisI upAyase use harakara vaha apane nagara legyaa| rAjA vasusena virakta ho muni hogyaa|' rAjarSi bAhubalIkI hI vaMzaparaMparAmeM uparAMta zreSTa rAjA tRNarpigala huaa| usakI paTTarAnIkA nAma sarvayazAdevI thaa| unake madhupiMgala nAmaka sundara putra thaa| ayodhyAke sagarane cAlAkIse use dUSita zarIra ThaharavAkara eka svayaMvarase nikalavA diyA thA; jisa krodhako lekara vaha marA aura mahAkAla nAmakA vyaMtara humA / isa mahAkAlane apanA vaira cukAneke liye yajJameM pazuoMko homanekI prathAkA zrIgaNeza kiyA thaa| 1-upu0 19:208-9 / 2 hari0 2755 / 3-upu0 60150-17 / 4-upu0 67223-25 /

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34 saMkSipta jaina itihaas| podanapurake eka anya rAjA supratiSTha the / yaha rAjA susthita aura rAnI sulakSaNAke suputra the / kAraNa pAkara yaha virakta hokara sudharmAcAryakai caraNa-kamaloMmeM muni hogaye / harivaMzake mahApuruSa aMdhakavRSNi Adine ina supratiSTha munirAjase dharmopadeza sunakara munivrata dhAraNa kiye the| munirAja supratiSThakA zaurasena dezameM kaIbAra vihAra humA thA / Akhira vahIMke gaMdhamAdana parvatapara unheM kaivalya prApta hubhA thA aura ve mokSapadake adhikArI huye the| ___ pAMDavoke samayameM podanapurakA rAjA candravarmA thaa| vaha rAjA caMdradatta aura rAnI devilAkA putra thA / rAjA drupadake eka maMtrIne usake sAtha draupadIkA vyAha karanekI bAta kahI thii| 'bhaviSyadatta kathA' meM podanapurake eka rAjAkA yuddha hastinApurake rAjA bhUpAlake sAtha huA varNita hai| isa yuddha meM podanapura narezako parAjita honA par3A thaa| cakravartI hariSeNa / tIrthaGkara munisuvratanAthajIke samayameM cakravartI hariSeNa huye the| unakA janma bhogapurake mahArAja ikSvAkuvaMzI rAjA padmakI rAnI airAdevIkI kokhase huA thA / bhogapura saMbhavataH dakSiNa bhAratakA 1-upu. 70-137....! 2-upu. 72-201...! 3-bhaviSya saMvi 13 //

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cakravartI hariSeNa / [ 35 koI nagara thaa| isI nagarameM unake pahale pratinArAyaNa tArakakA nanma huA thA / dakSiNa bhAratameM ikSvAkuvaMzI kSatriyoMkA rAjya eka samaya rahA thA / isaliye hI yaha anumAna ThIka hai ki hariSeNa cakravartIkA sambaMdha dakSiNa bhAratase thA / hariSeNa bAlyakAlase hI dharmaruciko liye hue the| eka roja vaha apane pitA rAjA padmanAma ke sAtha anantatIrtha munirAjakI vaMdanA karane gaye / munirAjase unhoMne dharmopadeza sunA / rAjA padmanAbha virakta hokara muni hogaye aura hariSeNane zrAvaka ke vrata liye / jaba padmanAbhako kevalajJAna utpanna huA taba hI hariSeNa cakravartIko cakraratnakI prApti huI / hariSeNane pahale kevalI bhagavAnakI vandanA kI, pazcAt SaTkhaNDa pRthvIko vijaya kiyA / isa digvijaya meM unhoMne nissandeha dakSiNa bhAratako bhI vijaya kiyA thA / hariSeNa dharmAtmA samrAT the / unhoMne ekadA aSTAnhikA mahAvratakI pUjA kI, jisase unake pariNAma dharmarasase salila hogaye / unhoMne aTTAlikA para baiThe2 pUrNacandrako rAhuprasita dekhA, jisase unheM vairAgya hogayA / apane putra mahAsenako rAjya dekara unhoMne sImaMtaka parvata para zrI nAga munIzvarake nikaTa dIkSA grahaNa karalI | muni hariSeNane khUba tapa tapA aura samAdhimaraNa dvArA Ayu samApta karake sarvArthasiddhimeM ahamindrapada pAyA / 1 - u50 37 - 84.............

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- 36] saMkSiA jaina itihAsa / zrI rAma, lakSmaNa aura rAvaNa / bhagavAna munisuvratanAthajIke tIrthakAlameM baladeva aura nArAyaNa zrI rAma aura lakSmaNa huye the| ve ayodhyAke pUrva bhv| rAjA dazarathake suputra the / bAlyAvasthAse ho / ___unakI pratibhA aura pauruSakA prakAza huA thA / yapi unakA janma aura prArambhika jIvana uttara bhAratameM vyatIta huA thA, parantu unakA sambandha dakSiNa bhAratase unake usa janmase bhI pahalekA thA aura uparAMta yuvAvasthAmeM jaba ve donoM bhAI vanavAsameM rahe taba unakA adhikAMza samaya dakSiNa bhAratameM hI vyatIta humA thaa| acchA, to rAma aura lakSmaNake jIva apane eka pUrvabhavameM dakSiNa bhAratakI mubhami para keli karate the| dakSiNake malaya dezameM eka ratnapura nAmakA nagara thaa| usa nagarakA prajApati nAmakA rAnA thaa| usakA eka lar3akA thA, jisakA nAma candracUla thA / candracUlakA prema rAjamaMtrI ke putra viSayase thaa| apane mAM-bApake yaha donoM ikalaute beTe the| donoMkA beDhaba gar3a pyAra hotA thaa| lAr3apyArakI isa madhikatAne unheM samucita zikSAse zUnya rakkhA / mAM-bApake anucita moha-mamatAne unake jIvana bigAr3a diye / ve donoM durAcArI hogaye / ralapurameM kubera nAmakA eka bar3A vyApArI rahatA thaa| usakA bar3A nAma aura bar3A kAma thaa| kuberadattA usakI kanyA thii| vaha anupama mundarI thii| yuvAvasthAko prApta hone para kuveradasane apanI usa kanyAkA vyAha usI nagarameM rahanevAle eka dUsare prakhyAt seTha

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zrI rAma lakSmaNa aura rAvaNa / vaizravaNake suputra zrIdattake sAtha karanA nizcita kiyA / udhara rAnakumAra candracUlake kAna taka kuberadatsAke anupama rUpa-saundarya kI vArtA phuNcii| vaha durAcArI to thA hI-usane kuberadacAko apane bhAdhIna karaneke liye kamara kasa lI / rAjakumArakA yaha anyAya dekha kara vaizya samudAya ikaTThA hokara rAjadarabArameM pahuMcA aura unhoMne isa atyAcArakI zikAyata mahArAja prajApatise kii|| mahArAja prajApati apane putrase pahale hI aprasanna the| isa samAcArako sunane hI vaha Aga-babUlA hogye| unhoMne nyAvadaNDako hAthameM liyA aura kotavAlako caMdracUla tathA usake mitra vijayako prANadaNDa denekI AjJA dI / rAjAke isa niSpakSa nyAya aura kaThora daNDakI caracA puravAsiyoMmeM huii| buDDhe maMtrIkA putramoha jAgA / vaha nagaravAsiyoMko lekara rAjAkI sevAmeM upasthita huaa| sabane rAjAse prArthanA kI ki vaha apanI kaThora mAzA loga '-rAjyakA eka mAtra uttarAdhikArI caMdracUla hai, usako prANadAna diyA jAya / ' kintu rAjAne yaha kahakara una logoMkI prArthanA masvIkRta kara dI ki 'mApa loga mujhe nyAyamArgase cyuta karanA cAhate haiM, yaha anucita hai / ' saba cupa hogae / rAjahaTha gaura so bhI samucita ! kisakA sAhasa thA no muMha kholtaa| isa paristhitimeM maMtrIne apanI buddhise kAma liyA / unhoMne donoM yuvakoMko prANadaNDa denekA bhAra apane Upara liyaa| vaha apane putra aura rAjakumArako lekara banagiri nAmaka parvatapara ge| vahAMpara mahAbala nAmaka munirAja virAjamAna the| tInoM hI mAgaMtukoMne una

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38] saMkSipta jana itihAsa / sAdhu mahArAnakI vandanA kI aura dharmopadeza sunA, jisase unake bhAva zuddha hogye| unheM apane para bahuta glAni huii| apanI karanIpara vaha pachatAne lage / saMsArase unheM vairAgya humA -nAzavAna jIvanameM unhoMne amaratvakA rasa paayaa| be jhaTapaTa guruke caraNoMmeM gira pdd'e| guru vizeSa jJAnI the, unhoMne apane jJAna-netroMse unakA bhAvI abhyutthAna dekhA / caTase unhoMne una donoM yuvakoMko apanA ziSya banA liyaa| maMtrI yaha dekhakara bar3A prasanna humA aura apanA kAma banAkara vaha ratnapura lauTa gyaa| muni hokara candracUla aura vijaya naye jIvanameM pahuMca gye| unakI kAyApalaTa hogii| mamimeM tapakara sonA vizuddha hojAtA hai ThIka vaise hI tapakI mamimeM praveza karake una donoM yuvakoMkI mAtmAyeM mapanI kAlimA khokara bahuta kucha zuddha hogii| kintu isa ucca dazAyeM bhI unheM eka kAmanAne apanA zikAra bnaayaa| unhoMne nidAna kiyA ki hama donoM ko kramazaH nArAyaNa aura balabhadrakA aizvaryazAlI pada prApta ho| vaha Ayuke aMtameM isa icchAko liye hue mre| marate samaya unhoMne zubha ArAdhanAyeM aaraadhiiN| donoM kumAroMke jIva sanatkumAra svarga meM deva hue| deva paryAyake sukhabhogakara ve caye gaura bhayodhyA rAma aura lakSmaNa hue| .. jaba rAma aura lakSmaNa yuvaka kumAra the taba bhAratapara bharddhabaravara ___ dezake rahanevAle mlecchoMkA bhAkramaNa huaa| rAma aura lkssmnn| rAjA janakane rAma aura lakSmaNakI sahAya tAse ina mlecchoMko mAra bhagAyA thaa|

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zrI rAma lakSmaNa aura raavnn| [39 yuddhameM bace huye mleccha apane prANa lekara viMdhyAcalakI pahAr3iyoMmeM jA chipe aura rahane lge| yaha arddhavaravara deza madhya eziyAse UparakA deza anumAnita hotA hai| isa dezake rAjAkI adhyakSatAmeM zyAmamukha, kardamavarNa Adi mleccha bhAratameM bhAye the| ina mlecchoMko mAra bhagAne meM rAma aura lakSmaNane khAsI vIratA darzAI thii| janaka una rAnakumAroMpara mohita huye aura unhoMne apanI rAjakumAriyoM kA vyAha unake sAtha karanA nizcita kara liyaa| svayaMvara racA mayA aura usameM bhI rAma aura lakSmaNane apanA dhanukauzala pragaTa kiyaa| sItAne rAmake galemeM varamAlA DAlI / rAmacandrake sAtha unakA vyAha humA / manya rAjakumArI lakSmaNako vyAhI gii| donoM rAjakumAra sAnanda kAlakSepa karane lge| rAma aura lakSmaNa rAjA dazarathake beTe the| dazarathane vRddhA vasthAko AyA dekhakara apanA Atmahita vnvaas| karanA vicArA, vaha saMsArase virakta huye| jyeSTha putra rAmacaMdra the| unheM hI rAjapada milanA thaa| bharatakI mAtA kaikayIne bhI yaha bAta sunI / vaha rAjA dazarathake pAsa gaI aura unheM muni-dIkSA lenese rokane lagI; parantu dazaratha mahArAjake dilapara vairAgyakA gADhA raMga car3ha gayA thaa| kaikayIkI bAta unako nahIM rucii| taba kaikayIne apanI bAta khii| eka daphA yuddhameM kaikayIkI vIratApara prasanna hokara dazarathane use eka vacana diyA thaa| kaikayIne vahI vacana pUrA karaneke liye dazarathase prArthanA kii| dazaratha mArya rAjatvake mAdarza the| unhoMne rAnIse kahA,

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40] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | 'khuzI se jo cAho mAMgalo / ' kaikayI prasanna huI / usane kahA ki ' bharatako rAjya dIjiye aura rAmacandrako vanavAsa / ' dazaratha yaha sunakara daMga raha gye| rAnIkA iTha thA aura vaha svayaM vacanabaddha the / jo kaikayIne mA~gA vaha unheM denA par3A / parantu isa ghaTanAne unheM aisA marmAhata kiyA ki vaha adhika samaya jIvita na rahe / tatkAla hI ghara chor3akara muni hogaye / bharata rAjA huye, rAmacandra vanavAsI bane / banavAsa meM rAmacandrajI ke sAtha unakI patnI sItA aura unake choTe bhAI lakSmaNa bhI the| ve donoM rAmacandranIke dukha-sukhameM barAbara sAthI rahe / bharatako bhI rAmacandrase atyadhika prema thaa| vaha bhrAtRprema se prerita hokara unheM vApisa lauTA lAne ke liye vanameM gaye, parantu rAmacandrane unakI bAta nahIM maanii| balki banameM hI apane hAthase unakA rAjyAbhiSeka kara diyA / bharata ayodhyA lauTa Aye / rAma, lakSmaNa aura sItA Age bddh'e| mAlavadeza ke rAjAkI unhoMne sahAyatA kI aura usakA rAjya use dilavA diyaa| Age calakara bAlyakhilla narezako unhoMne vidhyAravIke mlecchoMse chudd'aayaa| vaha apane nalakUvara nagarameM jAkara rAjya karane lgaa| mleccha saradAra raudrabhUta usakA maMtrI aura sahAyaka huA / isa prakAra eka rAjyakA uddhAra karake rAma-lakSmaNa Age cale aura tAptI nadIke pAsa pahuMce / vahA~ eka yakSa nArAyaNa - balabhadra ke sammAna meM eka sundara nagara racA, jisakA nAma rAmapura rakkhA | vahA~se cale to ve vijayapura pahuMce | lakSmaNake vanavAsameM dakSiNa bhAratakA pravAsa /

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zrI rAmabANa aura rAvaNa / [41 viyogameM tar3aphatI vahAMkI rAjakumArI vanamAlA unheM pAkara mati prasana huii| lakSmaNake samAgamase usake prANa bce| yahAMse raghukula kA apamAna karanevAle nandhAvartake rAjAko daNDa deneke liye rAma aura lakSmaNa gae / vaha rAjA unase parAsta hokara muni hogyaa| rAmalakSmaNa vaMzadhara parvatake nikaTa vaMzasthaLa nagarameM phuNce| usa parvatapara rAtako bhayAnaka zabda hote the, jisake kAraNa nagaranivAsI bhayabhIta the| sAhasI bhAiyoMne usa parvatapara rAta vitAnA nizcita kiyA / ve paropakArakI mUrti the-lokakA kalyANa karanA unheM abhISTa thA / rAtako ve parvatapara rahe-vahAM sAdhu yugalakI vaMdanA kii| una sAdhuoMpara eka daitya upasarga karatA thA, isI kAraNa bhayAnaka zabda hotA thA / rAma aura lakSmaNane usa daityakA upasarga naSTa kiyA / una donoM munirAnoMko upasarga dUra hote hI kevalajJAna utpanna hubhaa| unakA nAma kulabhUSaNa bhaura dezabhUSaNa thaa| bahAiprAMtIya kuMthalagiri para bhAja bhI ina munirAjoMkA smAraka vidyamAna hai / rAmacaMdrajIne bhI unake smAraka svarUpa vahAMpara kaI jinamaMdira banavAye the| ___vahAMse Age calakara rAmacandrajI daNDakAraNyameM phuNce| usa samaya taka vaha manuSyagamya nahIM thA; parantu rAmacandrajIke sAhasake sAmane kucha bhI bhagamya na thaa| vaha usameM praveza karake eka kuTiyA banAkara rahane lge| vahIM unhoMne do cAraNa muniyoMko mAhAradAna diyA, jisakI anumodanA eka giddha pakSIne bhI kii| rAma lakSmaNake sAtha rahakara vaha zrAvakAcAra pAlane lgaa| rAmane isakA nAma jaTAyu rakkhA / daNDakavanameM Age ghusakara rAma aura lakSmaNane kauMcavA nadI

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41] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / pAra kI aura ve daNDakagirika pAsa jAkara tthhre| vahAM unhoMne nagara basAkara rahanA nizcita kara liyA thaa| isakA artha yaha hotA hai ki ve vahAM apanA upaniveza sthApita karake rahanA cAhate the| kintu vahAM eka aghaTita ghaTanA ghaTa gii| lakSmaNake hAthase dhokhemeM kharadUSaNa ke putra zambukI mRtyu hogaI / kharaduSaNane rAma-lakSmaNase yuddha ThAna diyaa| rAvaNakA vaha bahanoI thaa| usane usake pAsa bhI sahAyatAke liye samAcAra bheja diye / rAma aura lakSmaNa nara-puMgava the / ve isa Apattiko dekhakara jarA bhI bhayabhIta nahIM huye| rAma yuddhake liye udyata huye, parantu lakSmaNane unheM jAne nahIM diyaa| vaha svayaM yuddha lar3ane gaye aura kaha gave ki yadi maiM siMhanAda karUM to merI sahAyatAko bhAiye / rAma aura lakSmaNa vIra puruSa the, unakA puNya bhakSaya thaa| kharaduSaNakA zatru virAdhita unakI sahAyatA karaneke liye svayaM mA upasthita humaa| kharadRSaNakA bhAzA bharosA laMkAkA rAjA rAvaNa thaa| rAvaNane tInakhaMDa pRthvIko jItakara apanA pauruSa pragaTa raavnn| kiyA thaa| vaha bar3A hI kara parantu parAkramI thaa| usane bhaneka vidyAyeM siddha kI thiiN| vaha rAkSasa nAmaka vidhAgharoMke rAjavaMzakA agraNI thaa| amurasaMgIta nagarake rAjA mayakI putrI mandodarI rAvaNakI paTarAnI thii| rAvaNane digvijayameM dakSiNabhAratake dezoMko bhI apane AdhIna banAyA thaa| rAvaNake sahAyaka haihaya, TaMka, kihikandha, tripura, malaya, hema, kola mAdi dezoMke rAjA the| rAvaNa apanI digvijayameM viMdhyAcalaparvatase

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zrI rAma lakSmaNa aura rAvaNa / [ 43 hotA huA narmadA taTapara AyA thA aura vahAM DerA DAle the / baha jinendrabhakta thA / isa saMgrAmakSetra meM bhI vaha jinapUjA karanA nahIM bhUlatA thA / rAvaNane jisa sthAnapara par3Ava DAlA thA, vahAMse kucha dUrIpara mAhiSmatI nagarIkA rAjA sahasrarazmi jalayaMtra ke dvArA jala bAMdhakara apanI rAniyoM sahita krIr3A kara rahA thA / akasmAt baMdhA huA jala TUTa gayA aura narmadAmeM beDhaba bAr3ha Ane se rAvaNakI pUjA meM bhI vina pdd'aa| rAvaNane sahasrarazmiko pakar3ane ke liye AjJA dI / rAvaNa ke yoddhA cale aura vAyuyAnoMpara se yuddha karane lage, jise devoMne anyAya batAyA, kyoMki sahasrarazmi bhUmigocarI thA, usake pAsa vAyuyAna nahIM the / * haThAt rAvaNake yoddhA pRthvIpara Aye aura sahasrarazmise yuddha karane lge| sahasrarazmi aisI vIratA se kar3A ki rAvaNakI senA eka yojana pIche bhAga gaI / yaha dekhakara rAvaNa svayaM yuddha kSetra meM bhaayaa| usake Ate hIM saMgrAmakA pAsA palaTa gayA / usane sahasrarazmiko jItA pakar3a liyA kintu muni zatabAhuke kahanese rAvaNane unheM chor3a diyA aura apanA sahAyaka banAnA cAhA, parantu vaha muni hogaye / usa digvijayameM. rAvaNa jahAM jahAM jAtA vahAM vahAM jinamaMdira banAtA thA, athavA unakA jIrNoddhAra karAtA thA aura hiMsakoMko daNDa tathA daridviyoMko dAma dekara saMtuSTa karatA thA / dakSiNa bhAratake pUdI parvata Adi * isase spaSTa hai ki rAvaNa bhAratavarSakA nivAsI nahIM thA, usakI laMkA bhAratavarSa ke bAhara kahIM para thI, yaha anumAnita hotA hai| vizeSake liye 'bhagavAna pArzvanAtha' nAmaka pustaka dekhiye /

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wwmv 44] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / sthAnopara usane jina mUrtiyAM sthApita karAI thIM - isa prakAra rAvaNane apanA pratApa cahuMora chiTakA rakkhA thA / kharadUSaNane usako apanI sahAyatAke liye bulaayaa| aura vaha mAyA bhii| mArgameM Ate huye rAvaNane sItAko dekhA / vaha usake rUpa-saundaryapara mugdha hogayA / dhokhA dekara vaha sItAko harakara laMkA legayA / rAma aura lakSmaNa jaba yuddhase lauTe to unhoMne sItAko nahIM pAyA / ve unake viyogameM mAkula-vyAkula hogaye aura unakI talAzameM vana. vana bhaTakane lge| __ bAlI dvIpameM bAnaravaMzI vidyAdhara rAjA rahate the| unake vaMzaja vahAMse rAjyacyuta hokara dakSiNa bhAratameM mA rAma-rAvaNa yuddha / rahe / miSkindhApura unakI rAjadhAnI thii| taba vahAM sugrIva nAmakA rAjA rAjya karatA thA / rAmacaMdrane usakI sahAyatA karake use apanA mitra bnaayaa| sugrIvane mItAkA patA lagAneke liye zapatha lI aura vaha usa kAryameM saphala huaa| rAma bhaura lakSmaNako patA cala gayA ki sItA rAva. gake yahAM laMkAme hai / lakSmaNane dakSiNa bhAratakI koTizilAko ghuTanoMtaka uThAkara apane bhatula balakA paricaya vidyAdhara rAjAoMko diyA, jisase ve rAmakA sAtha dekara rAvaNase lar3aneke liye tatpara hogaye / - aba hanumAnajIko sItAke samAcAra leneke liye bhejA gyaa| vaha dakSiNa bhAratake mahendra parvataparase hokara laMkA gaye the| vahAM x kaca0 5-5-1 /

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zrI rAma lakSmaNa aura rAvaNa / [ 45 pahuMcakara sItAjI se mile aura rAvaNa evaM usake parijanoM ko samajhAyA; parantu rAvaNane eka na maanii| hanumAnajI lauTakara rAmake pAsa Aye aura saba samAcAra kaha sunaaye| isapara rAma aura lakSmaNane rAvaNapara AkramaNa kiyA aura bhayAnaka yuddhake uparAnta lakSmaNake hAtha se rAvaNakA bagha huA / sItA rAmako milIM | laMkAkA rAjya vibhISaNako diyA gayA / rAma, lakSmaNa aura sItA vanavAsakA kAla vyatIta karake ayodhyA lauTa aaye| rAma rAjA huye aura sAnaMda rAma aura lava-kuza / rAjya karane lage / bharata muni hogaye / rAmane sItAko gharameM vApasa rakha liyA, isa bAta ko lekara prajAjana ucchRMkhala hone lage / isa para rAmane sItAko vanavAsakA daMDa diyA / sItA garbhavatI thI, banameM asahAya khar3I thI ki puNDarIkapurake vajrajaMgha rAjAne usakI sahAyatA kI / vaha sItAko apane nagara livA legayA aura dharmabhaginIkI taraha use rakkhA | vahAM sItAke lava aura kuza nAmaka do pratApI putra huye / yuvAvasthA prApta karake yaha digvijaya karaneke liye nikale / podanapura ke rAjAke sAtha inakI mitratA hogaI aura ye usake sAtha aneka deza dezAMtaroMko vijaya karane meM saphala hue / AMdhra, kerala, kaliMga Adi dakSiNa bhArata ke dezoM ko bhI inhoMne jItA thA, parantu ayodhyA taka vaha nahIM pahuMce the / nAradane rAma-lakSmaNakA vRtAMta donoM mAiyoMse kahA, jise sunakara ve krodhita ho unapara senA lekara car3ha gaye / pitA-putrakA yuddha huA, kintu kSullaka siddhArthane unase

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- 46 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | paraspara saMdhi karAdI | lava kuza ayodhyA meM phuNce| sItAkI ani parIkSA huI jisameM unakI sahAyatA devoMne kii| rAmane sItA se ghara calanekI prArthanA kI, parantu unhoMne use asvIkAra kiyA aura pRthvImati AryikA ke nikaTa sAdhvI hogii| sAdhvI sItAkI vandanA rAma lakSmaNane kI / isa prakAra dakSiNa bhArata se rAma aura lakSmaNakA samparka thA / * rAjA aileya aura usake va~zaja / bhagavAn munisuvratanAthajI ke samayameM suvrata ke putra dakSa nAmake rAjA huye the / yaha harivaMzI kSatriya the| unakI rAnIkA nAma ilA thA / unase rAjA dakSake aileya nAmakA putra aura manoharI nAmaka putrI huI thI / putrI atizaya rUpavatI thii| rAjA dakSa svayaM apanI putrIpara Asakta thA / usane dharmamaryAdAkA lopa karake manoharIko apanI patnI banA DAlA ! isakA duSpariNAma yaha huA ki dakSake virodhI svayaM usake parijana hogaye / rAnI ilA apane putra aileyako saradAroM sahita lekara videzako cala dii| anItipUrNa rAjyameM kauna rahe ? durga dezameM pahuMcakara unhoMne ilAvarddhananagara basAyA aura vahAM hI ve rahe / aileya harivaMzakA tilakasvarUpa pramANita huA / usane apane zaurya aura puruSArthase tAmralipta nagara basAyA aura dakSiNa digvijayake liye vaha narmadAtaTa para AyA / vahAM usane mAhiSmatI nagarIkA nIMbAropaNa kiyaa| vahIM usakI * upu0 parva 67 va prAbai0 bhA0 250 90-150 /

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- rAjA aileya aura usake vaMzaja / [47 rAjadhAnI rahI / kaI dezoMko jItakara aileyane dharmarAjya kiyaa| vRddhAvasthAmeM vaha apane kuNima nAmaka putrako rAjya dekara tapake liye .vanameM calA gyaa| zatrubhoMko saMtApa denevAle rAjA kuNimane vidarbhadezameM varadA nadIke kinAre eka kuMDinapura nAmakA nagara bsaayaa| kuNimake pazcAt unakA putra puloma rAjA humA, jisane paulomapura nAmakA nagara basAyA / inake pauloma aura carama nAmaka do putra the| pulomake muni honepara ve hI rAjA huve| unhoMne kaI gajAoMko jItA thaa| donoMne milakara revAnadIke kinAre indrapura basAyA aura caramane jayantI aura vanavAsa nAmaka do nagara prathaka basAye / uparAntakAlameM yaha donoM nagara dakSiNabhArata ke itihAsameM khUba hI prasiddha huye the / rAjA caramakA putra saMjaya aura paulomakA mahIdatta huaa| unake uparAnta ve hI rAjyAdhikArI huye| mahIdattane kalpapura bsaayaa| ariSTanemI aura matsya - ye do unake putra the / rAjA matsyane bhadrapura aura hastinApurako jIta liyA aura vaha istinApura bhAkara gajya karane lagA thaa| matsyake pazcAt Ayodhana nAmakA gajA humA, jisakI santAna jAkara videidezame rAjya karane lagI thii| inhIM mithilAnAthakI santati eka mabhicandra nAmakA parAkramI rAjA humA; jisane viMdhyAcalaparvatake pRSThabhAgapara cedirASTra kI sthApanA kI evaM zuktimatI nadIke taTapara zaktimatI nAmakI nagarI bsaaii| rAjA abhicandrakA vivAha ugravaMzase utpanna rAnI vasumatIse humA thaa| inhIMkA putra vasu thA; jisane jihAlampaTatAke vaza o 'maja zabdakA artha 'zAli' na batAkara 'bakarA' batAyA mora yajJoMne

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- 48] saMkSiA jaina itihaas| hiMsAko sthAna diyA thaa| isa prakAra dakSiNApathake eka prAcIna nagarase vedoMmeM hiMsaka vidhAnoMko sthAna milA thA jaise ki pahale bhI likhA jAcukA hai| rAjA vasuke putra suvasu aura bRdadhvaja vahAM na raha ske| suvasu bhAgakara nAgapurameM jArahA maura bRhadhvaja mathurAmeM mA basA ! jisake vaMzameM pratApI rAjA yadu humA thA / * kAmadeva naagkumaar| kanakapurake pAsa rAjA jayandhara the| unakI eka rAnI vizA. lanetrA thI, jisase unake eka putra zrIdhara nAmakA thaa| eka roja jayandhara rAjAse kisI vaNikane Akara kahA ki saurASTradezastha girinagarake rAjAkI pRthvIdevI nAmakI kanyA ati sundarI hai, jise vaha rAjA unheM byAhaneke liye utsuka hai / jayandhara yaha samAcAra sunakara prasanna huA aura unakA vivAha pRthvIdevIke sAtha hogyaa| kAlAntarameM rAnI pRthvIdevIke eka mahA bhAgyazAlI aura parama rUpavAna putra huA, jisakA nAma unhoMne prajAbaMdhu rakkhA / kintu usa navajAta zizuke sAtha eka adbhuta ghaTanA ghaTita huii| vaha kisI taraha rAjadhAyake hAthoMse nikalakara nAgalogoMkI pallImeM jA phuNcaa| nAga-saradArane usa zizuko bar3e pyArase pAlA, poSA aura use zastrAstra meM niSNAta banA diyA / bhAratIya sAhityameM ina nAgalogoMkA varNana alaMkRta rUpameM hai| usameM inako vApiyoM aura kuoMmeM * hari0 sarga 17 saMbhavataH nijAma rAjyakA malAdurga nAmaka sthAna ilApardhana nagara hai| kahate haiM vahAM hajAroM jinamUrtiyAM jamIdosta haiN|

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rAjA aileya aura usake vNshj| [49 " rahate likhA hai tathA inheM sarpa anumAna kiyA hai / vAstavameM isakA bhAva yahI hai ki ve manuSya the| vidvAnoMkA kathana hai ki bhAratavarSake Adi nivAsI asura jAtise nAgalogoMkA samparka thaa| unakA vajacihna sarpa thA aura ve brAhmaNoM ko mAnyatA nahIM dete the| eka samaya ve sAre bhArata hI nahIM balki madhya aiziyA taka phaile huye the| narmadA taTapara unakA adhika AvAsa thaa| unameM jainadharmakA pracAra eka ati prAcInakAlase thaa| tAmila dezake zAstrakAroMne dakSiNa bhAratake prAcIna nivAsiyoM meM nAga logoMkI gaNanA kI hai| aitihAsika kAlameM nAgarAjAoMkI kanyAoM ke sAtha pallavaMzake rAjAoMke vivAha sambandha hue the| tAmila dezakA eka bhAga nAga logoMkI apekSA nAganAdu kahalAtA thaa| jaina padmapurANameM nAgakumAra vidyAdharoMkA bhI ullekha hai| rAjA jayaMdharake putra inhIM nAga logoMke eka saradArake yahAM zikSita aura dIkSita hue the| saMbhava hai, isI kAraNa unakA aparanAma nAgakumAra thaa| unakA sambaMdha avazya nAgoMse rahA thaa| 'viSNupurANa' meM nau nAgarAjAoMmeM bhI eka nAgakumAra nAmaka the / parantu yaha spaSTa nahIM ki vaha hamAre nAgakumArase aminna the / nAga loga apane rUpa sauMdarya ke liye prasiddha the / sundara kanyAko 'nAgaH kanyA' kahanA lokapracalita rahA hai| nAgakumAra bhI apane alaukika rUpake kAraNa svayaM kAmadeva kahegaye haiN| /

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50] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / dakSiNa bhAratakI anya rAjakanyAoMse unakA vivAha humA pragaTa hai, parantu pallava dezakI rAjakanyAoMko unhoMne nahIM vyAhA thaa| zAyada isakA kAraNa yahI ho ki svayaM nAgakanyAyeM pallavoMko vyAhI gaI thiiN| yaha saba bAteM kucha aisI haiM jo nAga logoMse nAgakumArakI dhaniSTatAko dhvanita karatI haiN| hosakatA hai ki ve nAga baMzaja hI hoM / * jo ho, yuvA honepara nAgakumAra apane mAtA- pilAke pAsa kanakapura lauTa Aye aura vahAM sAnaMda rahane lge| kintu unake sautele bhAI zrIdharase unakI nahIM bnii| bhAiyoMkI isa anabanako dekhakara rAjA jayaMgharane thor3e samayake liye nAgakumArako dura haTA diyA / jyeSTha putra zrIdhara thA aura usIkA adhikAra rAjyapara thA / nAgakumAra mathurA jApahuMcA / vahAMke rAjakumAroM-vyAla aura mahAvyAlase usakI mitratA hogaI / unake sAtha nAgakumAra digvijayako gyaa| aura bahutase dezoMko jItA evaM rAjakanyAoMko vyaahaa| mahAvyAlake sAtha nAgakumAra dakSiNa bhAratake kimindhamalaya dezastha meghapurake rAjA meghavAhanake atithi hue / rAjA meghavAhanakI putrIko mRdaMgavAdanameM parAsta karake nAgakumArane use vyaahaa| phira meghapurase nAgakumAra toyAbalIdvIpako gye| vahAMse lauTakara vaha pAMkhya deza Aye the| pAMDya nareza ne unakI khUba bhAvabhagata kI thii| * nAga logoMke viSaya meM jAnaneke liye hamArI 'bhagavAna pArzvanAtha' pustaka tathA 'NAyakumAra carita' (kAraMjA)kI bhUmikA dekhiye|

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rAjA reva aura usake bNdhn| [51 unase vidA hokara vaha mAMdhra deza phuNce| aise hI dhUmate hune mAkhira rAjA jayandharane unheM bulga bhejA aura unakA rAjyAbhiSeka kara diyaa| nAgakumAra rAjAdhirAja huye aura nItipUrvaka unhoMne kAravizeSa taka rAjyazAsana kiyA / vRddhAvasthAke nikaTa pahuMcane para unhoMne rAjyabhAra apane putra devakumArako nauMSA aura svayaM digambara muni ho tapa tapane lage / nyAla, mahAvyAla, aceya aura macheva nAmaka rAjakumAroMne bhI unake sAtha munitrata dhAraNa kiyA thaa| tapazcaraNa dvArA karmokA nAza karake ve pAMcoM RSivara bhaSTApada nAmaka parvatase mokSadhAma sidhAre the|

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / ( bhAga 3 khaNDa 1 ) aitihAsika kAla / (prAcIna khaNDa) dakSiNa bhAratakA itihAsa |

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dakSiNa bhAratakA aitihaasik-kaal| (prAcIna khaNDa) bhAratavarSake itihAsakA prArambha kabase mAnA jAya ? yaha eka aisA prazna hai ki jisakA ThIka uttara bhAratake itihAsakA Ajataka nahIM diyA jAsakA hai| vidvAprArambha / noMkA isa viSayapara bhinna mata hai| bhAra tIya vidvAna Arya sabhyatAkI janmasthalI bhAratabhUmi mAnate haiM aura usake itihAsakA Arambha eka kalpanAtIta samayase karate haiN| jaina zAstra bhI isI matakA pratipAdana karate haiM, kintu unake kathanameM yaha vizeSatA hai ki ve bhAratabhUmikA Adi dharma jainadharma aura prathama tIrthaMkara zrI RSabhadeva dvArA saMsthApita sabhyatAko Adi sabhyatA pragaTa karate haiN| jaina zAstroMke isa kathanakA samarthana mAdhunika aitihAsika khojase bhI hotA hai| pro0 helmutha phaoNna glAsanappa sadRza yUropIya vidvAn jainadharmako hI bhAratakA sarva prAcIna dharma ghoSita karate haiN|' udhara bhAratIya purAtatvase yaha spaSTa hai ki vaidika (brAkSaNa) AryoMke atirikta aura unase pahale bhAratavarSa meM eka sabhya aura saMskRta jAtike loga nivAsa karate the| ve loga asura, drAviDa, nAga mAdi nAmoMse vikhyAta the aura unameM jainadharmakA praveza eka atyaMta prAcInakAlameM hI hogayA thaa| jainoMke prathama tIrthaMkara zrI RSabhadeva sura, masura, nAga mAdi dvArA 9-Der Tainismus

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561 saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | pUjita prAcIna jaina zAstroM meM kahe gaye haiM / ' aura yaha hama pahale hI dekha cuke haiM ki bhArata ke Adi nivAsI asura hI vaidika mAyase prAcIna manuSya haiM jo bhAratavarSa meM rahate the| siMdhu upatyayakAkI sabhyatA unhIM logoM kI sabhyatA thI aura bahAMkI dharmaupAsanA jaina dharmase milatI julatI thI / kintu isa mAnyatA ke viruddha bhI eka vidvatsamudAba hai, jisameM adhikAMza bhAga yUropIya vidvAnoMkA hai| ve loga bhAratako AryokA janmasthAna nahIM maante| unakA kahanA hai ki vaidika Arya bhArata meM madhya aiziyAse Aye aura unhoMne yahoMke asura dAsa Adi mUla nivAsiyoMko parAsta karake apanA adhikAra aura saMskAra pracalita kiyA / isa ghaTanA ko ve loga Ajase lagabhaga pAMca hai hajAra varSa pahale ghaTita huA pragaTa karate haiM aura isIse bhAratIya itihAsakA prArambha karate haiM / kiMtu sindhu upatyayakAkA purAtatva bhAratIya itihAsakA Arambha ukta ghaTanAse do-cAra hajAra varSa pahale pramA 1 - ' sura asura garula gahiyA, cehayarukkhA jiNavagaNaM // 6-18 // // // - samavAyAGga sUtra | << esa surAsura maNusiMda, baMdidaM ghodaghAikammamalaM / paNamAmi vaDDhANaM, titthaM dhammassa kattAraM // 19 // " karmAntakunmahAvoraH siddhArtha kuLasaMbhavaH / ete surAsuraugheNa pUjitA vimalatviSaH // 5 // B pravacanasAra / - devazAstragurupUjA | MA 2- mahiiM0 pR0 4 - 25. O

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dakSiNa bhAratakA aitihAsika kALa / [ 57 Nita karatA hai| hAM, vaha avazya hai ki usa samayakA ThIka hAla hameM kucha bhI jJAta nahIM hai / usako DhU~Dha nikAlane ke liye samaya aura zakti apekSita hai| kiMtu yaha spaSTa hai ki bhAratIya itihAsakA jo AdikAla yorupIya vidvAna mAnate haiM vaha ThIka nahIM hai / yaha to huI samUce bhAratake itihAsakI bAta; parantu hamArA sambandha yahAM para dakSiNa bhAratake itihAsase dakSiNa bhAratakA hai| hameM jAnanA hai ki dakSiNa bhAratakA itihAsa kabase vyArambha hotA hai, aura usameM jainadharmakA praveza kabase huA ? yaha itihAsa | prathaka nahIM thA to pragaTa hI hai ki dakSiNa bhArata samUce bhAratase aura isa dRSTise jo bAta uttara bhAratake itihAsa se sambaddha hai vahI bAta dakSiNa bhArata ke itihAmase lAgU honA cAhiye / sAdhAraNataH yaha kathana ThIka hai aura vidvAna yaha pragaTa bhI karate haiM ki eka samaya sAre bhAratameM ve hI drAvir3a loga miLate the jo uparAMta dakSiNa bhArata meM hI zeSa rhe| kiMtu dakSiNa bhAratakI apanI vizeSatA mI hai / vaha uttara bhArata se apanA prathak astitva bhI rakhatA hai aura vahAM hI Aja prAcIna bhAratake darzana hote haiN| maisUra ke candradallI * 1- baraI0, pRSTha 23 - "Step by step the Dravidians receded from Northern India, though they never left it altogather." 2-"India, south of the Vindhyas - the Peni. nsular India-still continues to be India proper. Here the bulk of the people continue distinctly

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A 58] saMtima jaina itihAsa / nAmaka sthAnase mohana jodaDo jaisI aura utanI prAcIna sAmagrI upalabdha huii| basa, jaba hama usake svataMtrarUpaye darzana karate haiM aura usake itihAsakA prArambhika kAla TaTolate haiM to vahAM bhI dhuMdhalA prakAza hI milatA hai| vidvAnoMkA to kathana hai ki dakSiNa bhArata ke itihAsakA yathArtha varNana durlabha hai / sara vinsenTa smithane likhA thA ki 'dUravartI dakSiNa bhAratake prAcIna rAjya yadyapi dhanajana sampanna aura drAvir3a jAtike logoMse paripUrNa the, parantu ve itane mapragaTa the ki zeSa duniyAM ko-svayaM uttara bhAratake logoMko unake viSayameM kucha bhI jJAna na thaa| bhAratIya lekhakoMne unakA itihAsa bhI surakSita nahIM rakkhA / pariNAmataH Aja vahAMkA IsvI AThavIM zatAbdise pahale kA itihAsa upalabdha nahIM hai|' elphinsaTana sA0 to retain their pre-Aryan features; their preAryan languages, their pre-Aryan institutions." -Pillai's Tamil Antiquities. jainazAstra meM bhI kahA gayA thA ki isa kAla meM dakSiNabhArata meM ho jainadharma jIvita rhegaa| kyA yaha usake prAcIna rUpakA dyotaka hai ? 1-"The ancient kingdoms of the fer south, although rich and populous, inhabited by Dra ridian nations......were ordinarily 80 secluded -- from the rest of the civilised world, inoluding northern India, that their affairs remained hidden from the eyes of other nations and native annalists being lacking, thoir history provious to the year 800 of the obristian era, has almost wholly perished......" -EHI. P. 7. -

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dakSiNa bhAratakA aitihAsika kaal| [59 ne spaSTa likhA thA ki prAcInakAlameM dakSiNa bhAratakI rAjanaitika ghaTanAoM kA sambandhita vivaraNa likhA hI nahIM jA sktaa| bhAja bhI yaha kathana eka hadataka ThIka hai| parantu isa daramiyAnameM jo aitihAsika khoja aura anveSaNa huye haiM, unake AdhArase dakSiNa bhAratakA eka kramabaddha aitihAsika vivaraNa IsvI prArambhika zatAbdiyoMse likhA jA sakatA hai| kiMtu vaha samaya dakSiNa bhAratake itihAsakA bhArambha-kAla nahIM kahA jA zakatA / bhale hI IsvI pUrva zatAbdiyoMke dakSiNa bhAratakA kramabaddha vivaraNa na mile, parantu usakI samyatA aura saMskRtike astitva maura abhyutthAnakA patA bahuta samaya pahale taka calatA hai| siMdhu upatyayakAkA purAtatva aura vahAMkI sabhyatA drAvir3a sabhyatAse milatI julatI thii|' candrahallIkA purAtatva isakA sAkSI hai| sumeru jAtIya logoMse bhI drAvir3oMkA sAdRzya thaa| aura yaha sumeru loga siMdhusuvarNa athavA siMdhu suvIra dezake mUla adhivAsI the / su-rASTra yA saurASTrase hI jAkara ve mesopoTemiyA Adi dezoMmeM basa gaye the| gujarAtake jainI vaNika isa su-varNa jAtike hI vaMzaja anumAna kiye jAte haiN| siMdhu, sumeru aura drAvir3a-ina tInoM jAtiyoM kI sabhyatA aura saMskRtikA sAdRzya unheM sama-sAmAyika siddha karatA hai| isaliye drAvir3a deza arthAt dakSiNa bhAratakA itihAsa utanA hI prAcIna hai jitanA ki sumeru jAtikA hai, balki saMbhava to yaha 1-Ibid. 2-moda0 bhA0 1 pR0 109 / 3-vibhA0 bhA. 18 aMka 5 pR0 631 /

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6.] saMtima jaina itihaas| hai ki vaha unase bhI prAcIna ho kyoMki sumeru logoMne bhAratase jAkara mesopoTemiyAmeM upanivezakI nIva DAlI thii| mahArASTra, nijAma haidarAbAda aura madrAsa prAntameM aise prAcIna sthAna milate haiM jo prAg aitihAsika kAlake anumAna kiye gaye haiM aura vahAMpara eka atyaMta prAcIna samayake zilAlekha bhI upalabdha huye haiM / yaha isa bAtake sabUta haiM ki dakSiNa bhAratakA itihAsa IsvI prArambhika zatAbdiyoMse bahuta pahale Arambha hotA hai| udhara prAcIna sAhitya bhI isI bAtakA samarthaka hai| tAmiLa sAhityake prAcIna kAvya 'maNimekhale' aura 'sIlappaddhikAram ' meM evaM prAcIna vyAkaraNa zAstra - tholappakiyam ' meM dakSiNa bhAratake khUba hI unnata aura samRddhizAlI rUpameM darzana hote haiM aura yaha samaya IsAse bahuta pahalekA thA / ataH dakSiNa bhAratake itihAsako uttara bhArata jitanA prAcIna mAnanA hI ThIka hai ! aba jarA yaha dekhiye ki dakSiNa bhAratameM jainadharmakA praveza kaba huA ? isa viSayameM jainiyoMkA dakSiNa bhAratameM jo mata hai vaha pahale hI likhA jAcukA jainadharmakA prvesh| hai| unakA kathana hai ki bhagavAna RSa bhadevake samayameM hI jainadharma dakSiNa bhAratameM pahuMca gayA thaa| udhara hindu purANoMkI sAkSIke AdhArase hama yaha dekha hI cuke haiM ki devAsura saMgrAmake samaya arthAt usa prAcIna kAlameM jaba bhAratake mUla nivAsiyoMmeM brAhmaNa Arya apanI vaidika -sabhyatAkA pracAra kara rahe the, jainadharmakA kendra dakSiNa pathake narmadA

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- dakSiNa bhAratakA aitihAsika kaal| [61 taTapara maujUda thaa| jaina mAnyatA bhI isake anukUla hai| usameM narmadA taTako eka tIrtha mAnA hai aura vahAMse aneka jaina mahApuru. SoMko mukta humA pragaTa kiyA hai| vaise bhI hiMdU purANoM ke varNanase narmadA taTakI sabhyatA atyaMta pAcIna pramANita hotI hai. yadyapi abhI. taka vahAMkI jo khudAI huI hai usameM mauryakAlase prAcIna koI vastu nahIM milI hai| hosaktA hai ki narmadA taTakA vaha kendrIya sthAna abhI apragaTa hI hai ki jahAM usakI prAcInatAkI dyotaka apUrva sAmagrI bhUgarbha meM surakSita ho| sArAMza yaha ki jaina hI nahIM balki prAcIna bhAratIya mAnya. tAnusAra jainadharmakA praveza dakSiNamArata meM eka atyanta prAcInakAlase pramANita hotA hai| parantu Adhunika vidvajana mauryakAlameM hI jaina dharmakA praveza dakSiNabhAratameM huA pragaTa karate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki samrATa candragupta maurya ke guru zrutakevalI bhadrabAhune jaba uttarabhAratameM bArahavarSakA akAla hotA jAnA to ve saMgha sahita dakSiNabhAratako cale mAye aura unhoMne hI yahAMkI janatAko jainadharmameM sarva prathama dIkSita kiyaa| isake viparIta koI koI vidvAn jainadharmakA praveza dakSiNabhAratameM isase kiMcit pahale pragaTa karate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki jaba laMkAmeM jainadharma isa ghaTanAse pahale arthAt IsvIpUrva pAMcavI zatAbdimeM hI pahuMcA huA milatA hai to koI vajaha nahIM ki taba 1-navagraha bariSTa nivAraka vidhAna pR0 41 / 2-'sarasvatI' bhAga 38 aMka 1 pRSTha 18-19 / / 3-mahiI0 pR0 154, kaihiI, pR0 165, kali0, pR0 18 //

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- 62 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | 2 usakA astitva dakSiNabhArata meM na mAnA jaave|' AndhradezameM jaina dharma prAD mauryakAla se pracalita huA pragaTa kiyA hI jAtA hai| kintu hamAre vicArase jainadharmakA praveza isa kALase bhI bahuta pahale dakSiNa bhAratamai hocukA thA / uparokta sAkSIke atirikta prAcIna jaina aura tAmila sAhitya tathA purAtatva isa viSaya meM hamArA samarthana karate haiM / pahale hI jaina sAhityako lIjiye ! usameM bagabara zrI RSabhadeva ke samaya se dakSiNabhAratakA ullekha milatA hai, jaise ki paurANika kAlake varNana meM likhA jAcukA hai| aura Age ke pRSToMmeM aura bhI likhA jAyagA / sacamuca jainoMko lakSya karake jaina graMthoMmeM dakSiNabhArata ke pallavadeza, dakSiNama 1-"If this information (of the 'Mahavamsa') could be relied upon, it would mean that Jainism was introduced in the island of Ceylon, so early as the fifth century B. C. It is impossi ble to conceive that a purely North Indian religion could have gone to the island of Ceylon without leaving its mark in the extreme south of India, unless like Buddhism it went by sea from the north. ''---- Studies in South Indian Jainism, -Pt. I p. 33. " 2- Jainism in the Andhra desh, at least, was probably pre-Mauryan...... -- Ibid., Pt. II. p. 2. 29 3 - 650 pR0 609 /

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dakSiNa bhAratakA aitihAsika kaal| [63 thurA,' polAsapura, mahila, mahAzokanagara ityAdi sthAnoMkA prAcIna varNana milatA hai| dakSiNamathurAko svayaM pANDavoMne basAyA thaa| pallacadezameM bhagavAna ariSTanemikA vihAra huA thA, jaise ki hama bhAge dekheNge| ye aise ullekha haiM jo dakSiNabhAratameM jainadharmake astitvako bhadrabAhu svAmIse bahuta pahalekA pramANita karate haiN| yahI bAta tAmila sAhityase siddha hotI hai| tAmila sAhityameM mukhya grantha " saMgama-kAla" ke haiM, jisakI tithike viSayameM bhinna mata haiN| bhAratIya paMli usa kAlako IsvIranse hajAroM varSoM pahale lejAte haiM; kintu Adhunika vidvAn use IsvIsana se cAra-pAMcasau varSa pahale IsvI prathama zatAbditaka anumAna karate hai| yaha jo bhI ho, para itanA to spaSTa hI hai ki 'saMgamakAla' ke graMtha prAcIna aura pramANika haiN| inameM 'tolkApSiyam' nAmaka grantha sarva prAcIna hai| isakA racanAkAla IsvIpUrva cauthI zatAbdi batAyA jAtA hai aura yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki yaha eka jaina racanA hai| isakA spaSTa martha yahI hai ki jainadharmakA pracAra tAmiladezameM mauryakAlase pahale hocukA thaa| tAmila ke prasiddha kAvya 'maNimerUlai' aura 'sIlappaddhikAram' haiM aura yaha kramazaH eka bauddha aura jaina lekhakakI racanAyeM haiN| inameM jainadharmakA khAsa varNana milatA hai| bauddhakAvya 'maNimekhalai' se 1-jJAtRdharma kathAMga sUtra pR0 680 va hapu0 pR0 487 / 2-aMtagar3adazAMga sUtra pRSTha 22 / 3-antagaDadazAMga sutra pR0 11 / 4-bhagavatI pRSTha 1958 / 5-busR0 ( Budhistic Studies ) pRSTha 671 / 6-busTa0, pR0 674 mora jaisAI* bhA* 10 89 /

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64] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| spaSTa hai ki usake samayameM jainadharma tAmila dezameM gaharI jar3a pakar3e huye thaa| vahAM jainiyoMke vihAroM aura maThoMkA varNana padapadapara milatA hai| janatAmeM jaina mAnyatAoMkA ghara kara ganA usakI bahu prAcInatAkI dalIla hai|' sIlappadikAram' bhI isI matakA poSaka hai|' ____ upalabdha purAtatva bhI hamAre isa matakI puSTi karatA hai ki jainadharma dakSiNa bhAratameM eka atyaMta prAcInakAlameM pahuMca gayA thaa| jaina grantha 'karakaMDu carita' meM jina terApura dhArAziva Adi sthAnokI jaina guphAoM aura mUrtiyoMkA varNana hai, ve Aja bhI apane prAcIna rUpameM milatI haiN| unakI sthApanAkA samaya ma0 pArzvanAtha ( I0 pR0 8 vIM zatAbdi) kA nikaTavartI hai| isaliye una guphAoM aura mUrtiyoM kA astitva dakSiNa bhAratameM jainadharmakA astitva tatkAlIna siddha karatA hai| isake atirikta madurA aura rAmanada jiloMmeM brAhmI lipike prAcIna zilAlekha milate haiN| inakA samaya IsvI pUrva tIsarI zatAbdi anumAna kiyA gayA hai / inake pAsa hI jaina maMdiroMke avazeSa aura tIrthakaroMkI khaMDita mUrtiyAM milI haiN| isI liye evaM inameM akita zabdoMke AdhArase vidvAnoM ne inheM jainoMkA pragaTa kiyA hai| isake mAne yaha hote haiM ki usa samayameM jainadharma vahAMpara acchI taraha pracalita hogayA thA / alagaramalai ( madurA) eka prAcIna jaina 1-busTa0, pR0 3 va 681 / 2-sAIje0, pR0 93-94 / 3-ameriI0, bhA0 16 pra0 saM0 1-2 aura karakaNDu cAreya (kAraMjA) bhUmikA / 4-sAijai0, bhA0 1 pR. 33-34 / -

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dakSiNa bhAratakA aitihAsika kAla / [ 65 sthAna thA aura vahAMvara I0 pUrva tIsarI zatAbdi ke lekha par3he gaye haiM / ina ullekhoMse bhI dakSiNa bhAratameM jainadharmakI prAcInatAkA samarthana hotA hai / nissandeha yadi dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina dharmakA vyastitva eka ati prAcInakAla se na honA to mauryakAla meM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu jaina saMghako lekara vahAM jAnekI himmata na karate 1 hAlace praoN0 prANanAthane kAThiyAvAr3a se mile huye eka prAcIna tAmrapatrako par3hA hai / inakI lipi romana, siMdhu, sumera Adi lipiyoMkA mizraNa hai| praoN0 sA0 ise baibIlanaka rAjA ne bundanebhara prathama ( I0 pUrva 1140) athavA dvitIya ( I0 pUrva 600 ) kA batAte haiN| usa tAmratrakA artha unhoMne nimnaprakAra pragaTa kiyA hai:" revAnagara ke gajabakA svAmI, su... jAtikA deva, nevuza 1 1 - jamIsA0 bhA0 27 pRSTha 123-124 / 2-" Dr. Pran Nath, Professor at the Hindu University, Benares, has been able to decipher the copper-plate grant of Emperor Nebuchadnezzar I ( circa 1140 B. C. ) or II ( circa 600 B. C.) of Babylon, found recently in Kathiawar. The inscription is of great historical value, and it shows a peculiar mixture of the characters used by the Romans, The Sindha valley people and the Semites. It may go a long way in proving the antiquity of the Jain religion, since the name of Nemi appears in the inscription. " -The Times of India, 19th March 1935, p. 9. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat ; www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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66 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa ! danez2ara AyA hai / vaha yadurAja (kRSNa) ke sthAna ( dvArikA ) AyA deva nemi ki jo svarga hai | usane maMdira banavAyA. sUrya.. samAna revataparvata ke deva haiM ( unako ) hamezA ke liye arpaNa kiyA / " jaina " bhAga 35 aMka 1 pRSTha 2 / isameM giranAra (revata) parvata devarUpameM nemi' kA ullekha humA hai aura yaha pragaTa hI hai ki 'jaina tIrthaMkara neminAtha giranAra ( rakta ) parvata se nirvANa sivAre the| vaha revata parvataka deva haiM / sAtha DI anyatra yaha anumAna kiyA gayA hai ki gujarAta jainI vaNika 'su' jAtike haiN|' ataH isa tatra dharma prAcInatA siddha hotI hai / parantu isameM khAsa bAta hamAre viSayakI yaha hai ki nevuza danez2a ko revA nagarakA svAmI kahA hai / isase pratIta hotA hai ki usakA rAjya bhArata meM bhI thA, kyoMki revA nagara dakSiNa bhArata meM avasthita hosakatA hai / prAcIna prAkRta ' nirmANakAMDa' meM bhAratakI dakSiNa dizA meM sthita revanadI siddhavarakUTakA ullekha hai / hosatA hai ki ukta reva nagara bahIM revanadI nikaTa ho| ina dadA meM yaha tAmrapatra dakSiNa pathame jainadharma ke astitvako ati pracInakAlameM pragaTa karatA hai / . * uparyullikhita vArtAko dhyAna meM rakhate huye yaha mAnanA anucita nahIM hai ki dakSiNa bhAratameM jaina aitihAsika kAla | dharmakA itihAsa eka atyaMta prAcInakAlase prArambha hotA hai / usake paurA kiAlakA varNana pUrva pRSThoMmeM likhA jAcukA hai| aba aitihAsika 4 - vibhA0 bhA0 18 aMka 5 pRSTha 631

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- dakSiNa bhAratakA aitihAsika kaal| [67 kAlake varNanameM usakA prAcIna itihAsa likhanA abhISTa hai / ise hama bhagavAn ariSTanemike varNanase prArambha kareMge bhaura bha0 mahAvIra ke uparAMta usake do bhAga kara deMge, kyoMki sudUra dakSiNa bhAratakI aitihAsika ghaTanAyeM vindhyAcalake dakSiNastha nikaTavartI bhAratase bhinna rahI haiN| pahale * dakSiNApatha' kA aitihAsika varNana nimnalikhita chaH kAloMmeM vibhakta hotA hai (1) AndhrakAla-IsvI pAMcavIM zatAbdi taka / (2) prArambhika cAlukya-(IsvI 5 vIse 7vIM zatAbdi) evaM rASTrakUTa kAla ( 7 vIMse 13 vIM zatAbdi taka ) (3) antima cAlukya kAla-(10 vIse 14vIM za0) (4) vijayanagara sAmrAjya kAla / (5) musalamAna marAThA kAla / (6) aura briTiza rAjya / isIke anusAra suduravartI dakSiNa bhAratake nimnalikhita chai kAla hote haiM: (1) prArambhika kAla-IsvI pAMcavIM zatAbdi tk| (2) pallava kAla-IsvI 5 vIMse 9 vIM zatAbdi taka / (3) cola prAdhAnya kAla-I0 9vIMse 14vIM zataka / (4) vijayanagara sAmrAjya kAla-I0 14 vIMse 16 vIM zatAbdi tk| (5) musalamAna-marAThA kAla-I0 16vIMse 18 vI zatAbdi tk|

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68] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / (6) briTiza rAjya-( uparAMta) prastuta 'prAcIna khaNDa' meM hama donoM bhAgoMke pahale kAloM takakA itihAsa likhanekA prayatna nimna pRSThoMmeM kreNge| avazeSa kAloMkA varNana Ageke khaNDoMmeM prastuta karanekA prayatna kiyA jaaygaa| AzA hai, jaina sAhitya saMsArake liye hamArA yaha udyoga upayogI siddha hogaa| aarNbhik-itihaas| bhagavAna ariSTanemi, kRSNa aura pANDava / uttara bhAratake kSatriya vaMzoMmeM harivaMza mukhya thA / isa vaMzake rAjAoMkA rAjya mathurAma thA, yadyapi yAdava vNsh| inake Adi puruSa magadhakI ora rAjya karate the / harikSetrakA Arya nAmaka eka vidya para apanI vidyAdharI ke sAtha AkAzamArga dvArA campAnagarameM pahuMcA thaa| usa samaya campAnagara apane rAjAko khoneke kAraNa anAtha ho rahA thA / vidyAdhara Arya campAkA rAjA bana baitthaa|' usakA putra hari humA, jo bar3A parAkramI thaa| usane apane rAjyakA khuba vistAra kiyaa| usIke nAmakI apekSA usakA vaMza * hari' nAmase prasiddha humA / yadyapi yaha rAjAloga videzI vidyAdhara the; parantu phira bhI unako zAstrakAroMne kSatriya saMbhavataH isaliye likhA hai ki vidyAgharoMke Adi rAjA nami-vinami bhAratase gaye huye kSatriya putra the|

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bhagavAn ariSTanemi, kRSNa aura pANDava / [ 69 dhIre-dhIre isa vaMzake rAjAoMne apanA adhikAra magadha bara jamA liyA aura vahA~ isa vaMzameM rAjA sumitrake suputra tIrthaGkara munisuvratanAtha janme the / munisuvratanAtha svaputra suvratako rAjya dekara dharmacakravartI huye the / suvrata ke uparAMta isa vaMzameM aneka rAjA huye aura ve nAnA dezoMmeM phaila gye| unameM rAjA vasukA putra bRhadadhvaja mathurA meM Akara rAjyAdhikArI huA aura usakI santAna vahAM sAnaMda rAjya karatI rahI / tIrthaGkara namike tIrthameM madhurAke harivaMzI rAjAoM yadu nAmakA eka tejasvI rAnA huA / yaha rAjA itanA prabhAvazAlI thA ki Age harivaMza isIke nAmakI apekSA ' yAdava vaMza' ke nAmase prasiddha hogayA / rAjA yuduke do pote zUra aura suvIra usIkI taraha parAkramI huye / suvIra mathurAkA rAjA huA aura zUrane kuzadyadezameM zauryapura basAkara vahAM apanA rAjya sthApita kiyA / aMdhakavRSNi Adi inake aneka putra the / suvIrake putra bhojakavRSNa Adi the / suvIrane madhurAkA rAjya unako diyA aura svayaM siMdhudezameM sauvIrapura basAkara vahAMkA rAjA huA / aMdhakavRSNike daza putra the, arthAt samudra vijaya, akSayobhaya, svimita, sagara, himavana, acala, dharaNa, pUraNa, abhicandra aura vAsudeva / inakI do bahineM kuntI aura mantrI thIM, jo pANDu aura damaghoSako vyAhIM gaI thIM / / kRSNa vAsudeva aura devakIke putra the aura nahI usa samApa yAdavoMmeM pramukha rAjA the| pANDurAja hastinApurameM rAjya karate the, aura unakI santAna pANDava nAmase prasiddha bhI / kRSNake bhAI balabhadra the /

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70] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| zauryapurameM rAjA samudravijaya rahate the| unakI rAnIkA nAma zivAdevI thaa| unhoMne kArtika kRSNa tIrthaGkara ariSTanemi / dvAdazIko antima rAtrine sundara solaha svapna dekhe; jinake artha sunanese unako vidita huA ki unake bAvIsaveM tIrthaGkara janma leNge| dampati yaha bAnakara atyanta harSita huve / Akhira zrAvaNa zuklA paMcamIko zubha muhUrtameM satI zivAdevIne eka suMdara aura pratApI putra prasava kiyaa| devoM aura manuSyoMne usake sanmAnameM Anandotsava manAyA / unakA nAma mariSTanemi rakkhA gyaa| ariSTanemi yuvAvasthAko pahuMcate-pahuMcate eka anupama vIra pramANita huye| magadhake rAjA jarAsiMghuse yAdavoMkI hamezA kar3AI ThanI rahatI thii| ariSTanemine apane bhuja vikamakA paricaya ina saMgrAmoMmeM diyA thaa| jarAsiMdhuke Aye dina hote huye aAkramoMse taMga Akara yAdavoMne nizcaya kiyA ki ve apane cacere bhAI suvIrakI nAI murASTrameM jA rame / unhoMne kiyA bhI aisA hii| saba yAdavagaNa murASTrako cale gaye gaye jaaura vahAM samudrataTapara dvArikA basAkara rAjya karane lge| isa prasaMgameM su-rASTrake viSayameM kiMcit likhanA anupayukta nahIM hai| mAlUma aisA hotA hai ki su-rASTrakA paricaya / yAdavoMkA sambandha su-jAtike logoMse thA; jinheM su-mera kahA jAtA hai aura jo madhya aiziyAmeM phaile huye the / kintu mUlameM ve bhAratavarSake hI

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bhagavAn ariSTanemi, kRSNa aura pANDava / [ 71 nivAsI the; yahI kAraNa hai ki unake nivAsakI mUla bhUmi kAThi yAvAr3a 'suvarNA' athavA ' su-rASTra' nAma se vikhyAt thI / 'mahAbhArata' meM 'sindhu - suvarNA- pradeza' aura jAtikA ullekha hai / 'suvarNA' kA artha 'su' jAti hotA hai / jaina zAstroMmeM sindhu - sauvIra' dezakA ullekha huA milatA hai / " sauvIra deza apanI pramukha nagara sauvIrapura ke kAraNa hI prakhyAtimeM AyA pratIta hotA hai jise yAdavarAjA suvIrane sthApita kiyA thaa| subIrakA artha 'su'jAtikA vIra hotA hai / inake pahale aura uparAnta kATiyA kA ullekha 'su-rASTra' nAmase jaina zAstroMmeM bhI huA hai / ina su-kIra logoM kI sabhyatAkA sAdRzya siMdhu upatyayakAkI sabhyatAsaM thA / 4 bhAratIya vidvAnoMkA mata hai ki su-jAtIya ( Sumerian ) sabhyatAkA vikAsa siMdhu sabhyatAse huA thA / su-jAtike loga surASTrase hI jAkara mesopoTemiyA meM base the|" jaina zAstroMmeM hameM eka prasaMga milatA hai jisameM kahA gayA hai ki kaccha - mahAkacchake 1- " vizAla bhArata" bhA0 18 aMka 5 pRSTha 626 meM prakAzita " sumera sabhyatAkI janmabhUmi bhArata" zIrSaka lekha dekhanA cAhiye / 2- bhagavatI sUtra pR0 1863 ( siMdhusovIresu jaNavarasu ) va hari0 3-3-7; 11-68 ityAdi / 3-Lord Aristanemi, p. 37. 4- hari0 11-64-76 va 49 - 14; Aka0 1-100; nAca0 1 - 19-7; kaca0 3-5-6 / 5 - " vizAlabhArata" bhA0 18 aMka 5 /

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72 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | putra nabhi - vinabhiko nAgarAja dharaNendra apane sAtha legayA thA aura unheM vidyAdharoMkA rAjA banAyA thaa| unhIMkI santAna vidyAdhara nAmase madhya aiziyA AdimeM phaila gaye the / yAdavoMke pUrva puruSa bhI vidyAdhara the / uparyullikhita vidyAdharoM ke pUrvaja nami-vinami kaccha mahAkaccha athavA sukaccha ke putra the, jisakA artha yaha hotA hai ki unakA AvAsa bhI surASTra ( kAThiyAvAr3a ) thA / unake pitA kaccha mahAkaccha dezake pramukha nivAsI honeke kAraNa hI usa nAma se prasiddha huye pratIta hote haiN| aura kaccha mahAkaccha athavA sukaccha deza Ajakala ke kaccha dezake pAsa arthAt siMdhu suvarNa Adi hI honA cAhiye / isase bhI yahI dhvanita hotA hai ki surASTrame hI sujAtike loga madhya aiziyA Adi dezoMmeM jArahe the / sumera athavA sujAtike rAjAoMke nAma bhI prAyaH ve hI milate haiM jo ki bhAratake sUryavaMzI rAjAoM ke haiM / sumera rAjAoMkI kizavaMzAvalI meM ikSvAku, vikukSi ( jinake bhAI nimi the ), puraMjaya, anetu (nakSa), sagara, gbu, dazaratha aura rAmacaMdra ke nAma milate haiM / O mApu0 sarga 18 zlo0 91-92 va hari 0 sarga 9 zlo 127-130 / 2 - 'su-kaccha' nAma kyA unheM 'su' jAtile sambandhita nahIM pramaSTa karatA ? ' uttarapurANa' (parva 66 zloka 17) meM eka 'sukaccha ' nAmaka dezakA spaSTa ullekha hai / i dezake nivAsI su-jAtIya hone ke kAraNa mahAkaccha sukaccha nAma se prasiddha hue pratIta hote haiM /

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wwwwwwwwwww bhagavAna ariSTanemi, kRSNa aura pANDava / [73 yadi RSabhadevako ikSvAku mAnA jAya jinase nami vina mine rAjyakI yAcanA kI thI, to kiza vaMzake vikukSi aura unake bhAI nimi jaina zAstrake nami vinami athavA sukacchake putra vikaccha ho sakate haiN| udhara baibIlanake rAjAne buzadanejara apaneko 'su'jAtikA deva (=narapati) aura revA nagara ke rAjyakA svAmI likhatA hI hai, jise hama dakSiNa bhAratameM anumAna kara cuke haiN| yaha rAjA apane dAnapatrameM yadurAja (kRSNa) kI rAjadhAnI dvArikAmeM AnekA vizeSa ullekha karatA hai aura vaita parvatase nirvANa pAye hue bha0 nemike sammAnameM eka maMdira banavAkara unheM arpaNa karane meM gaurava anubhava karatA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki yadurAjake prati usake hRdayameM sammAna hI nahIM balki prema thaa| usakA kathana aisA hI bhAsatA hai jaise ki koI nayA bhAdamI apane pUrvajoMkI janmabhUmipara pahuMcakara harSodvAra pragaTa karatA ho| yAdavoMkA mathurA chor3akara surASTrameM AnA bhI unako sujAtise sambaMdhita pragaTa karatA hai| kyoMki Apattike samaya apane hI logoMkI yAda AtI hai / madhurAmeM jarAsiMdhule duHkhI hokara yAdava surASTra meM Aye, isakA artha yahI hai ki unako surASTravAsiyoMpara vizvAsa thA-ve unake AzA bhomA the| unake eka pUrvaja hIsubIra nAmase prasiddha huye hI the aura udhara sujAtike nRpa yadurAjake prati prema aura vinaya pragaTa karate haiN|

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74] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| isa saba varNanase yaha spaSTa hai ki yAdavoMkA surASTravAsiyoMse vizeSa sambandha thA aura madhya aiziyAke su mere rAjA bhI unhIM ke sajAtIya the| jaina zAstroMmeM kahA gayA hai ki kRSNakA rAjya vaitAvya parvatase samudra paryanta vistRta thaa| yaha vaitADhya parvata hI vidyAdharoMkA bhAvAsa aura namivinami ke rAjyAdhikArameM thaa| isase spaSTa hai ki kRSNake sAmrAjyameM madhya-aiziyA bhI garbhita thaa| prAcIna bhAratakA AkAra utanA saMkucita nahIM thA, jaisA ki vaha Aja hai / usameM madhya aiziyA Adi deza sammilita the| sindhu aura sumera sabhyatAoMke varNanase aisA hI pratIta hotA hai ki eka samaya madhyaaiziyA taka eka hI jAtike logoMkA bhAvAsa-pravAsa thaa| pUrvollikhita dAnapatrameM sumeranRpa nevuzadanejara apaneko revAnagarakA svAmI likhatA hai jo dakSiNa bhAratameM revA (narmadA ) taTapara honA cAhiye / isase pragaTa hai ki narmadAse lekara mesopoTemiyA taka usakA rAjya vistRta thaa| eka gajya hone ke kAraNa vahAMke logoMmeM paraspara vyApArika vyavahAra aura AdAna-pradAna hotA thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratIya sabhyatA jaisI hI sabhyatA aura sike evaM vailIpa madhyaaiziyAke logoMmeM bhI taba pracalita thii| eka vidvAnakA kathana hai ki ina su-jAtike logoMke dharmame se jainadharma utpanna humA aura gujarAta tathA surASTrake jaina vaNika inhIM 1-jJAtRdharmakathAGgasUtra (haidarAbAda) pR. 229 va hari0 pRSTha 481-482 / 2-"sarasvatI" bhAga 38 aMka 1 pRSTha 23-24 /

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bhagavAn ariSTanemi, kRSNa aura pANDava / [ 75: logoMke vaMzaja haiM / ' niHsandeha yaha kathana satyAMzako liye huye hai; kyoMki isakA artha yahI ho sakatA hai ki su-rASTravAsI nami - vinamine bhagavAna RSabhakA dharma grahaNa karake usakA pracAra apane vidyAdhara jAtike logoM meM kiyA thA, jo uparAnta madhya aiziyA meM bahutAyata se milate the / madhya aiziyAkI jAtiyoM meM rjanadharmakA sadbhAva thA / yaha hama anyatra pragaTa kara cuke haiN| udhara yaha pragaTa hai ki surASTra jainadharmakA kendra rahA hai| 2 suvarNa aura jainadharma | prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadevaka putroMke adhikAra meM sindhu-suvIra aura surASTra the / antameM ve muni hogaye the aura unhoMne jainadharmakA pracAra kiyA thA / unake pazcAt bhI surASTrameM jainadharma ke astitvakA varNana zAstroMmeM milatA hai| svayaM eka tIrthakarane surASTra tapasyA aura dharmapracAra kiyA thaa| isase surASTra aura vaDhAMke nivAsiyoM meM jainadharma kI mAnyatA 14 hai ! DA~, to isa su-rASTra Akara yAdavagaNa basa gaye / dvArikA unakI rAjadhAnI huI aura kRSNa unakebha0 ariSTanemikA rAjA / tIrthaGkara ariSTanemi kRSNake cacere bhAI the| unhoMne rAjakumArI rAjula ke sAtha ariSTanemikA vivAha kara vivAha | 1 - " vizAla bhArata" mA0 18 aMka 5 pRSTha 631 / 2"bhagavAna pArzvanAtha" pR0 140 - 178 / 3 - hari0 sarga 13 zloka64 - 76 / 4 - harivaMzapurANa, uttarapurANa Adi graMtha dekho /

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76 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | denA nizcita kiyA / ariSTanemi dUlhA bane - bArAtake bAjA baje aura dhvajA nizAna udd'e| parantu ariSTanemikA vivAha nahIM huA / unhoMne kinhIM pazuoMko bhUkhapyAsa se chaTapaTAte huye bAr3emeM banda dekhA / isa karuNa dRzyane unake hRdayako gaharI coTa pahu~cAI / unakA komala hRdaya isa adayAko sahana na kara sakA / pazuoM ko unhoMne bandhana mukta kiyA; parantu itane se hI unheM - santoSa nahIM huA / unhoMne socA saMsAra ke saba hI prANI prAravtra aura yamadUtake cuMgalameM phaMse huye zarIrabandhana meM par3e huye haiM vaha svayaM bhI to -svAdhIna nahIM hai ! kyoM na pUrNa svAdhIna banA jAya ? yahI soca-samajhakara ariSTanemine vastrAbhUSaNoM ko utAra pheNkaa| pAlakIse uttara - kara vaha sIdhe raivataka ( giranAra ) parvatakI ora cala diye / vahAM unhoMne zrAvaNa zuklA SaSTIko digambara mudrA dhAraNa karake tapasyA karanA ArambhakI ghora tapazcaraNakA suphala kevalajJAna unheM nasIba huA / girinAra parvata ke pAsa sahasrAmravana meM dhyAna mAr3akara unhoMne ghAtiyA karmoM kA nAza azvina kRSNa amAvasyA ke zubha dina kiyA 1 aba bhariSTanemi sAkSAt sarvajJa tIrthaMkara ho gye| deva aura mayoM unheM mastaka namAyA aura unakA dharmo deza cAva se sunA / samAna uttara pramukha ziSya huA / kumArI rAjula bhI sAdhvI hokara sArmikAoMmeM agraNI huI / 1- hari0, pRSTha 413-505 /

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bhagavAn ariSTanemi, kRSNa aura paannddv| [77. eka sarvajJa-sarvadarzI tIrthakarake rUsameM bhagavAna ariSTanemine nAnAdezoMmeM vihAra karake dharma-pracAra kiyaa| bhagavAnakA harivaMza purANa' meM likhA hai ki bhagavAn. vihaar| ariSTanemine kramase soTha ( su-rASTra ), lAToru, zUrasena, pATacA, kurujAMgala, pAMcALa, kuzAgra, magadha anana, aMga, baMga kaliMga bhAdi dezoMmeM vihAra kiyA thaa| ima vihAra meM bhagavAna : zubhAgamana malayadezake bhadilapurameM" bhI huaa| vahAMka rAjA pauMDUne bhaktipUrvaka bhagamanakI vandanA kii| vahIM seTha sudRSTike yahAM kRSNakI rAnI devakIke cha yugaliyA putra rahate the| ve bhI bhagavAnakI vandanA karane Aye aura dharmopadeza sunakara muni ho bhagavAna ke sAtha holiye| Age bhagavAn kA vihAra pallavadezameM bhI humA / usa samaya dakSiNa mathurAmeM pAMcoM pANDava raha rahe the| unhoMne jaba yaha sunA ki bhagavAna ariSTanemi vahAM mAye haiM to unhoMne jAkara bhagavAmakI vandanA kii| isaprakAra bhagavAnane dakSiNake dezoMmeM vihAra kiyaa| pallavadezameM ve kaIvAra pahuce the| unake isaprakAra dharmapracAra kAnese dakSiNa bhAratameM jainadharmakI pragati khuba huI thii| udhara apane cacere bhAI mariSTanemike muni ho jAneke pazcAt kRSNa loTakara dvArikA gaye aura vahAM sAnanda rAjya karane lge| 1-pRSTha 154 / 2-hari* pR0 594 / 3-hari0 sarga 63 zloka 76-77 /

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / denA nizcita kiyA / ariSTanemi dUrahA bane-bArAtake bAjA baje aura dhvajA nizAna udd'e| parantu ariSTanemikA vivAha nahIM huaa| unhoMne kinhIM pazuoMko bhUkhapyAsase chaTapaTAte huye bAr3emeM banda dekhA / isa karuNa dRzyane unake hRdayako gaharI coTa pahu~cAI / unakA komala hRdaya isa bhadayAko sahana na kara skaa| 'pazuoMko unhoMne bandhana mukta kiyA; parantu itanese hI unheM santoSa nahIM huaa| unhoMne socA saMsArake saba hI prANI prArabdha aura yamadutake cuMgala meM phaMse huye zarIrabandhanameM par3e huye haiM-vaha svayaM bhI to svAdhIna nahIM hai ! kyoM na pUrNa svAdhIna banA jAya ? yahI socasamajhakara mariSTanemine vastrAbhUSaNoMko utAra pheNkaa| pAlakIse utara kara vaha sIdhe raivataka ( giranAra ) parvatakI ora cala diye / vahAM unhoMne zrAvaNa zuklA SaSTIko digambara mudrA dhAraNa karake tapasyA karanA ArammakI ' ghora tapazcaraNakA suphala kevalajJAna unheM nasIba huaa| girinAra parvatake pAsa sahasrAmravanameM dhyAna mAr3akara unhoMne dhAtiyA karmoM kA nAza azvina kRSNA amAvasyAke zubha dina kiyA / aba ariSTanemi sAkSAt sarvajJa tIrthakara hogaye / deva aura manuSyoMne heM mastaka namAyA aura unakA dharmo deza cAvase sunaa| khamA vAdA unakA pramukha ziSya huA / kumArI rAjula bhI sAdhvI jhekara zAmikAoMmeM agraNI huii| 1-hari0, pRSTha 413-605 /

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bhagavAn ariSTanemi, kRSNa aura pANDava / [ 77 eka sarvajJa sarvadarzI tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM bhagavAn ariSTanemine nAnAdezoMmeM vihAra karake dharma pracAra kiyA / ' meM likhA hai ki bhagavAn. harivaMza purANa ariSTanemine kramase soraTha (su.rASTra ),. bhagavAnakA bihAra | 6 lAToru, zUrasena, pATaca', kurujAMgala, pAMcALa, kuzAgra, magadha aMjana, aMga, baMga kaliMga Adi dezoMmeM vihAra. kiyA thA / " 1 2 ima vihAra meM bhagavAna kA zubhAgamana malayadezake bhadvilapura meM" bhI huaa| vahAM rAjA pauMDrane bhaktipUrvaka bhagavAnakI vandanA kI |vhiiN seTha supike yahAM kRSNakI rAnI devakIka chai yugaliyA putra : rahate the / ve bhI bhagavAnakI vandanA karane Aye aura dharmopadeza sunakara muni ho bhagavAna ke sAtha holiye| Age bhagavAn kA vihAra pallavadeza meM bhI huA / usa samaya dakSiNa mathurA meM pAMcoM pANDava raha rahe the| unhoMne jaba yaha sunA ki bhagavAna ariSTanemi vahAM Aye haiM to unhoMne jAkara bhagavAnakI vandanA kii| isaprakAra bhagavAnane dakSiNake dezoMmeM vihAra kiyA / pallavadezameM ve kaIbAra pahuMce ye unake isaprakAra dharmapracAra karanese dakSiNa bhArata meM jainadharmakI pragati khUba huI thii| 3 udhara apane cacere bhAI ariSTanemike muni ho jAne ke pazcAt kRSNa loTakara dvArikA gaye aura vahAM sAnanda rAjya karane lage / 1- pRSTha 194 / 2 - hari0 pR0 594 / zloka 76-77 / 3 - hari0 sarga 63

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78 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | jaba bhagavAn ariSTanemi kevalajJAnI huye, laba vaha unakI vandanA karane aaye| unake sAtha aneka yAdavagaNane tIrthakara ariSTanemikA ziSyatva grahaNa kiyA thaa| uparAnta zrI kRSNane digvijaya ke liye prasthAna kiyaa| aura apane atula pauruSase sAre dakSiNabhArata kSetrako vijaya kiyA / isake pazcAt kRSNane ATha varSataka khUba bhoga bhoge aura anya rAjAoM ko vaza kiyaa| uparAnta unhoMne 'koTizilA ' neke liye gamana kiyA / aura use uThAkara apane zArIrika - balakA paricaya jagatako karA diyaa| yahAM se vaha dvArikA Aye - aura vahAM unakA rAjyAbhiSeka huA / aba kRSNa rAjarAjezvara banakara nItipUrvaka rAjya karate rahe / udhara haritanApura meM pAMDava sAnaMda raha rahe the ki usakA virodha kauravase huA | yudhiSTha zAMtipriya the / unhoMne isa vizeSako bheTanekA pazca pANDava / udyoga kiyA / parantu yaha gRhAmi zAMta na huii| kauravoMne duSTatAko grahaNa kiyaa| unhoMne pAMDavako lAkhA mArameM jalA DAlanekA udyoga kiyA, parantu ve suraMga ke rAste se bhAga nikale / hastinApura se calakara pAMcoM pAMDava aura kuntI dakSiNa bhArasameM phuNce| varSoM udhara hI vicarate rahe aura usa orake rAjAoMse unhoMne vivAha sambandha kiye / | 1- hari0 sarga 63, koTizikA dakSiNa bhArata meM hI kahIM avasthita thI / zrImAn bra0 sItalaprasAdajIne ise kaliMgadezameM kahIM cInhA hai /

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bhagavAn ariSTanemi, kRSNa aura paannddv| [79 ___arjunakA vyAha kAmpilya nagarake rAjA drupadakI rAjakumArI draupadIse pahale hI hocukA thA ! Akhira pAMDava dakSiNa mathurA basA kara vahIM rAjya karane lage the| Aja bhI pAMDavoMke smArakarUpameM dakSiNa bhAratameM 'pAMDava malaya' Adi sthAna milate haiN|' eka daphA jaba bhagavAna ariSTanemi giranAra parvatapara virAja mAna the, zrIkRSNa saparivAra unakI vandanA dvArikAkA naash| karane gye| vandanA karake unhoMne tIrthakara bhagavAnase pUchA ki dvArikAkA bhaviSya kyA hai ! bhagavAnane uttarameM batAyA ki dvArikAkA nAza dvIpAyana munike nimittase hogaa| uddhata yAdava yuvaka madamatta ho dvIpAyana muniko cher3eMge aura unakI kopAnimeM sAre yAdavoM sahita dvArikA bhasma hojAyagI-kevala kRSNa aura balarAma zeSa rheNge| ve donoM nirAza hokara dakSiNa mathurAkI ora pAMDavoM ke pAsa jAyage ki rAstemeM kauzAMbavanake madhya jaratkumArake bANase kRSNakA svargavAsa hogaa| tIrthakarake mukha se yaha bhaviSyavANI sunakara yAdavagaNa bhayabhIta hogaye aura unhoMne dvArikAkI rakSAke liye satat upAya kiye / parantu bhAvI amiTa thii| dvArikAkA nAza dvIpAinakI krodhAgise 1-hari0 saga 45 va 54 / 2-mame smA0, pR0 61.... / 2-tateNa ahA marinemI daNDa vAsudevaM evaM payAsI-evaM khalu kaNha ! tuma mAravatie NayarIe surigmI dIvAyaNe ko vinihAe sammApiyaro Ni ggavi pahuNe rAmeNa baladeveNa saddhi dAhiNe veyoliyabhimuhe juDehala pAmokkhANaM paMcAhaM paMDavANaM paMDUrAya puttANaM pAsa DanahuraM sapatyite kosaMtra kANaNeNaM nagohavara pAyassa ahe puDhavisilApaTTara viyaeka chAiya sarIre....ityAdi /

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8.] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / huaa| kRSNa aura bakarAma hI usa pralayaMkarI amise baca paaye| ve dakSiNa mathurAko cale ki dhokhese jaratkumArake bANane kRSNakI jIvanalIlA samApta karadI ! balarAma bhrAtRmohameM pAgala hogaye / pAMDavoMne jaba sunA to ve bakarAma ke pAsa bhAye aura unako sambodhA / taba balarAmane zRGgI parvatapara kRSNake zavakA amisaMskAra kiyA aura kahIM muni ho vaha tara tapane lge| usa samaya bhagavAna neminAtha pallava dezameM vihAra kara rahe the| pAMDava saparivAra vahIMko prasthAna kara gye| pallAdezameM viharate bhagavAna ariSTanemike samavazaraNameM pahuMca ___ kara pANDavoM aura unakI rAniyoMne bhagavAnakI nirvANa / vandanA kI aura unase dharmo deza sunA / sabane apane pUrvabhava unase pUche jinako sunakara ve saba saMpArase bhayabhIta hogaye / yudhiSThira Adi pAMcoM pAMDavoMne tatkSaNa bhagavAnake caraNakamaloMmeM munivrata dhAraNa kiye / kuMtI, draupadI mAdi rAniyAM bhI rAjamatI mAryikAke nikaTa sAdhvI hogaI / isapakAra saba hI sanyasta hokara tapa tapane meM lIna hogae ! aba bhagavAna ariSTanemikA nirmANakAla samIra rahA thA / isaliye ve pallavadezase calakara uttara dizA meM vihAra karate hue girinAra parvatapara mA virAje / unake sAtha saMghameM pANDavAdi bhI bhAye / giranAra parvatapara Akara bhagavAn ariSTanemine nirvANakAlase eka mAsa pUrvataka dharmogdeza diyaa| yaha unakA aMtima pravacana thaa| 1-hari0 sarga 62 /

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bhagavAn ariSTanemi, kRSNa aura paannddv| [81 uparAnta eka mAsa pahale se unhoMne yogoMkA nirodha kiyA / maura bhaghAtiyA karmoM kA nAza kara ve mukta hogaye / usa samaya samudra. vijaya, zaMbU, pradyumna Adi bhI giranArase mokSa gaye the| isa punIta ghaTanAke harSameM devoMne bhAnandotsava manAyA thaa| indrane girinAra para eka siddhazilA nirmApI, jisapara bhagavAn neminAthake samasta lakSaNa aMkita kara diye| isa prakAra bhagavAnako mukta humA jAnakara pAMcoM pANDava zatrujaya parvatapara jA viraaje| vahAM unhoMne gahana dhyAna mAr3A / usa dhyAna avasthAmeM unapara kaurava vaMzake yugharovana nAmaka duSTane ghora upasarga kiyaa| usane lohe ke kar3e, mukuTa Adi banAye aura unheM amimeM tAkara pAMDavoM ko pahinA diye, jisase unake zarIra avayava burI taraha jala gaye / parantu sAdhu pANDavoM ne isa upasargako sama mAvoMse sahana kiyA / yudhiSThira, bhIma aura arjuna usI. samaya mukta ho siddha paramAtmA huye| munirAja nakula aura sahadeva bhAiyoM ke mohameM kiMcit phaMsa gaye / isalie ve marakara sarvArthasiddhi vimAnameM mahimindra huye| balamada bhI brahmasvarga deva huye|" uparAnta yAdavoMmeM kevala jaratkumAra zeSa rahe gaura nahA~se yAdavoMkI vaMzaparamparA jIvita rahI / marakumAra kanideza jAkara rAjya karane lage aura vahIM unakI santAna rAjyAdhikArI huI thii| 1-hari0 sarga 65 /

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | yahAM yaha prazna nirarthaka hai ki kyA bhagavAna ariSTanemi eka aitihAsika mahApuruSa the ? pUrvollikhita samrAT truzdane jjara ke dAnapatra meM unakA spaSTa ullekha huA hai aura usase unakA astitva eka ati prAcInakAla se siddha hai / usa dAna patrake atirikta girinAra parvatapA bhaneka 'prAcIna sthAna aura lekha haiM, jo bha0 ariSTanemizrI aitihAsikatAko pramANita karate haiM / 82 ] bha0 ariSTanemi aitihAsika puruSa the| f 1 girinArake bAbA pyAgake maTavAle zilAlekha meM kevalajJAna samprAptAnAm" bAkya paDhA gayA hai; jisase spaSTa hai ki vaha sthAna kisI kevalajJAnIke prati utsargI kuna thA aura yaha vidita hI hai ki zrI ariSTanemine girinAra parvataka niSTa va valajJAna prApta: kiyA thA | mathurAko prAna pugatatvakI makSI bhI ma0 nemike astitvako siddha karatI hai| isake atirikta nimna likhita sAhi tyakI sAkSI bhI isa viSaya ke samarthana meM utva hai I .. jainoMke prAcIna sAhitya meM to bhagavAna amikA varNana hai ho; parantu mahatvakI bAta yaha hai ki hameM vaidika sAhityame bhI bhaga: vAna ariSTanemikA ullekha huA milatA hai| jurveda a0 9 maMtra 4 3 1 - Iai0, bhA0 20 pR0 360 2 1 0 pRSTha 86-88 va stara0 13.... /

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bhagavAn ariSTanemi, kRSNa aura paanndd| [81 25meM eka ariSTanemikA spaSTa ullekha hai| aura jaina evaM ajaina vidvAna unheM jaina tIrthakara hI prakaTa karate Ae haiN| isake atirikta prabhAsa purANa' meM spaSTa likhA huA hai ki nemi jinane raivata parvatase mokSa lAbha liyA thaa| isa sAkSIke samakSa bha0 ariSTanemike astitvameM zaGkA karanA vyartha hai| vidvAnoMkA mata hai ki jaba nemiprabhuke cacere bhAI zrI kRSNako aitihAsika puruSa mAnA jAtA hai to koI vajaha nahIM ki tIrthaGkara nemi vAstavika puruSa na mAne jAMya / DaoN0 phuharara aura pro0 bAraneTa sA0ne spaSTatayA bhagavAna ariSTanemikI aitihAsikatA svIkAra kI hai| isa prakAra bhagavAna ariSTanemike caritrase yaha pragaTa hai ki unake dvArA dakSiNa bhAratake pallava, malaya Adi dezoMmeM jaina dharmakA pracAra humA thA aura isa mAkSIse dakSiNa bhAratameM jaina dharmakI prAcInatA bhI spaSTa hotI hai| 1-bAjasTanu prasAda bhAvabhUvenA ca vizvabhuvanAni sarvanaH / sa nemirAjA pariyAtti vidvAn prana puSTi vardhayanamAno // 9 // 25 // 2-zrI ToDaramala kRta * mokSamArga-prakAza' dekho| 3-pro0 svAmI virupakSa vaDiyara ne yahI artha kiyA thA-dekho jaina patha pradarzakakA vizeSAMka [ varSa 3 aMka 3] Rgveda ( 16 va 16) ke isa maMtrakA 'svasti vastAkSyo ariSTanemiH ' kA artha 'mariSTanemi ( saMsAra sAgarako pAra kara jAne meM samartha ) aisA jo pariSTanemi tIrthakara hai vaha hamArA kalyANa kare ' kiyA thaa| 4- raivatAdro jino nemiyugAdivimalAca / RSINAM yA zramAdeva muktimArgasya kAraNam // ' 5-dAmane0 pR088-89

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84] saMmita jaina itihaas| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha / kAzI deza ikSvAkvaMza-upakulake rAjA vizvasena rAjya karate the| banArasa unakI rAjadhAnI thI aura vahIM unakA nivAsasthAna thaa| rAnI brahmadattA unakI paTarAnI thii| pauSakRSNa ekAda. zIko una rAnIne eka pratApI putra prasava kiyA, jisake janmate hI lokameM mAnaMda aura harSakI eka dhArA baha gii| devoM aura manuSyoMne milakara khUba utsava mnaayaa| usa putrakA nAma 'pArzva' rakkhA gayA aura vahIM jaina dharmake 23 veM tIrthakara huye| yuvAvasthAko prApta karake rAjakumAra pArzva rAja-kAjameM vyasta hogaye / vaha apane pitAke sAtha prajAkA hita sAvanemeM aise nirata huye ki unakA nAma aura kAma cahuM ora phaila gyaa| loga unheM " sarvajana priya" (People's Favourite ) kahakara pukArate the| ___ ekadaphA kumAra pArzvanAtha mitroM sahita vanavihArake liye nikale / bAgameM unhoMne dekhA ki unakA nAnA mahIpAlapurakA rAjA tApasake bheSameM paMcAmi tapa rahA hai| vaha ulTA mukha kiye per3ameM bdakA humA thA / kaJcana-kAminIkA moha usane tyAga diyA thA; paratu sira bI isake tyAmameM kamI thii| use ghamaMDa thA ki maiM sAdhu mA saMsArameM aura koI nhiiN| isa ghamaMDake darpaye vaha apane mApa ko bhUla gayA / usakI bhAsmolatikA mArga nava iNThita hogavA / lekina vaha tapa tapatA aura kAyakleza sahatA thaa| pAmAra aura unake mitroM ko usane unheM cInane

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bhagavAn pArzvanAtha | [ 85 dera na lagI / para vaha sAdhu thA / unakA abhivAdana pAye binA vaha kyoM bole ? sarala-sahana kI rIti use pasanda na thI / pArzvakumArane usakI mUr3hatA dekhii| vaha use bhalA abhivAdana kyA karate ? hA~, vaha usakA saccA hita sAdhaneke liye tula par3e / 1 unhoMne kahA ki yaha sAdhumArga nahIM hai / ani sulagAkara vyartha jIvoMkI hiMsA karate ho ! rAjakumArake ina zabdoMne usa sAdhuko mAga-babUlA banA diyaa| usane kulhAr3I uThAI aura asilage lakar3Ike boTeko vaha phAr3ane lagA / usake bhAzvaryakA ThikAnA na rahA, jaba usane usa lakar3IkI khukhAlameM eka maraNAsana sarpayugala dekhA ! usakA mana to mAna gayA, parantu ghamaMDakA bhUta sirase na utarA ! yahI kAraNa thA ki vaha ahiMsA dharmake mahatvako na samajha sakA / sarpayugalako bha0 pArzvane sambodhA ! ve samabhAvoMse mare aura dharaNendra - padmAvatI huye / isa rIti se bha0 pArzvanAtha kaumArakAlase hI janatA dhArmika sudhAra kara rahe the| unake samaya meM dharma ke nAmapara taraha tarahake anartha pracalita hogaye the / pArzva prabhUne unako meMTanA bhAvazyaka samajhA / unhoMne dekhA ki samAja meM gRhatyAgiyoMkI mAnyatA hai aura vinA gRha tyAga kiye satyake darzana pA lenA durlabha hai / isaliye unheM ghara meM rahanA dUbhara hogayA / Akhira unheM eka nimitta mila gayA-maba ve digambara muni hogye| muni avasthAmeM unhoMne ghora tapa tapA / jJAna-dhyAnameM ve. kIna rahe / saMyamI jIvanakI parAkASThA para ve pahuMca gye| eka acchese

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saMlita jaina itihAsa / dina 'jJAna' mUrtimAna ho unake mabhyantarameM nAcane lgaa| pArzvanAtha sAkSAt bhagavAn hogaye-ve aba sarvajJa tIrthakara the| jJAna-prakAzakA dhavala mAloka unake cahuMora chiTaka rahA thaa| jJAnI jIva unakI saraNameM phuNce| bhagavAna ne unheM saccA dharma batAyA, jise pAkara saba hI jIva sukhI huye-sabane samAnatAkA anubhava kiyA aura mAtmasvAtaMvyake ve adhikArI huye / . apane isa vizvasandezako lekara bhagavAna pArzvanAthane sAre mAryadezameM vihAra kiyaa| jahAM-jahAM unakA zubhAgamana huA vahAM vahAMke loga pratibuddha ho sanmArga para ArUr3ha huye / bhagavAna pArzvanAthake dharmapracArakA varNana sakalakIrti kRta 'pArzvanAthacarit' meM nimnaprakAra likhA hubhA hai: "tatva medapradAnena zrImatpAzvabhumahAn / janAna kauzaladezIyAn kuzalAn saMdhyadhyabhRzaM // 76 // bhidan mithyAtamogADhaM divyadhvanipradIpakaiH / kAzIdezIyakokAn sa cakre saMyamatatparAn / / 77 // zrImanmALavadezIyabhavyalokasucAtakAn / dezanArasadhArAbhiH prINayAmAsa tIrtharAT / / 78 // atIyAn janAn sarvAn mithyAtvAnalatApitAn / rayAnnipiyAmAsa...pArzvacandrAmRtaiH // 79 // gojarANAM janAnAM hi pArzvasamrAT jiteMdriyaH / mithyAtvaM janaraM cakre sadvacaH zastradhAtanaiH // 8 // mahAbataparAn kAzcinmahArASTrajanAndhyavAn / dIkSopadezadAnena pArthakalpadrumastathA // 8 //

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bhagavAn pArzvanAtha / " pArzvabhaTTAraka zrama n pAdanyA vihaartH| sarvAn saurASTra lokAMzca pavitrAn ciddhebhRzaM // 82 // aMge vaMge kaliMge'tha karNATe kokaNe tthaa| . medapAdaM tathA lATe liMtige drAvir3e tathA // 83 / / kAzmIre magadhe kacche vimeM ca dazANake / paMcAle pallo vatse paramabhIra manohare // 84 // ityAryakhaNDadezeSu kroNAtsa mahAdhanI / darzanajJAna cAritrAtmAnmevotayAnyalaM // 85 // 15 // bhAvArtha-tatvabhedako pradAna karane ke liye mahAn prabhU zrI pArzva bhagavAnane kauzala dezake kuzaka puruSoM meM vihAra kiyA aura apanI divyadhvanirUpa pradIpase ga da mithyAtamakI dhajjiyAM ur3A diiN| phira saMyamameM tatpara kAzI dezake manuSyoMmeM dharmacakrakA prabhAva phailaayaa| zrI mALavadezake nivAsI bhavyalokarUpa cAtakoMne bhI tIrtharATke dharmAmRta kA pAna kiyA thA / avaMtI deza jo mithyAnalase tapta thA, so pArzvarUpI candra ke amRtako pAkara zAMta hogayA thaa| gaurjara dezameM bhI mitendriya zarzva samra ke sadvacanoMke prabhAvase mithyAtva bilkula jarjarita hogayA thaa| mahArASTra dezavAsiyoMmeM anekoMne pArzva bhagavAnase dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| sarva saurASTra dezameM bhI pArtha bhaTTArakakA vihAra huA thA. jisase vahAMke loga pavitra hogae the| aMga, baMga, kaliMga, karnATaka, koMkaNa, medapAda, lATa, drAvir3a, kAzmIra, magadha, kaccha, vidarbha, zAka, paMcAla, pallava, vatsa ityAdi AryakhaMDake dezoMmeM bhI bhagavAnke upadezase samyakdarzana, jJAna, cAritra ratnoMkI abhivRddhi huI thii|

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88 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke isa vihAra vivaraNa se spaSTa hai ki unakA zubhAgamana dakSiNa bhArata ke dezoMmeM bhI huA thA | mahArASTra, koMkaNa, karnATaka, drAvir3a, pallava Adi dakSiNAvartI dezoM meM vicara karake tIrthaGkara pArzvanAthane eka bAra puna: jaina dharmakA udyota kiyA thA / dakSiNa bhArata meM bhagavAn pArzvanAthake zubhAgamanako cirasmaraNIya banAnevAle vahAM kaI tIrtha Aja bhI upalabdha haiM / antarIkSa pArzvanAtha, kalikuMDa pArzvanAtha Adi tIrtha vizeSa ullesvanIya haiN| dakSiNa bhAratake jainI bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA vizeSarUpameM utsava bhI manAte haiM / mahArAjA karakaMDu / bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke zAsanakAlameM suprasiddha mahArAjA karakaMDu huye the| inheM zAstroMmeM ' pratyeka buddha' kahA gayA hai aura unakI - mAnyatA jainetara logoM meM bhI hai| uttara bhArata ke campApurameM ghADIvAhana nAmakA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usakI rAnI padmAvatI garbhavatI thI / eka dina hAthIpara savAra -hokara rAjA aura rAnI vanavihArako gye| hAthI vicaka gayA aura unheM jaMgalameM lebhAgA / rAjA to per3akI DAlI pakar3akara baca gayA / parantu rAnIko hAthI liye hI calA gayA / vaha dantipura ke pAsa eka jalAzaya meM jA ghusaa| rAnIne kUda kara apane prANa bacAye aura eka mAlina ke ghara jAkara vaha rahane lgii| kiMtu mAlina ke krUra svabhAvase vaha taMga bhAgaI aura eka smazAna bhUmimeM vaha jA baiThI /

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mahArAjA rakhaNDu / koMke vaicitryako dhikkAratI huI padmAvatI rAnI vahAM baiThI thI ki vahIM unhoMne eka putra prasava kiyaa| eka mAtaMga veSadhArI vidyAdharane usa samaya padmAvatI rAnIkI sahAyatA kI-navajAta zizukI rakSAkA bhAra usane apane Upara liyA / usa vidyAdharane usa bAlakako khUba par3hAyA-likhAyA aura zastrAstra calAnemeM niSNAta bnaayaa| bAlakake hAthameM sUkhI khujalI bhii| isa kAraNa use 'karakaMDu' nAmase pukArane lge| bAlaka karakaMDu bhAgyazAlI thaa| jaba vaha yuvA huA to dantipurake rAjAkA paralokavAsa hogayA / usake koI putra na thaa| rAjamaMtriyoMne divya nimittase karakaMDuko rAjatvake yogya pAkara unheM dantipurakA rAjA banAyA / rAjA honeke kucha samaya pazcAt karakakA vivAha girinagarakI rAnakumArI madanAvalIse hogayA / campAke rAjAne karakaMDuko apanA Adhipatya svIkAraneke liye bAdhya kiyA, jise karakaMDune asvIkAra kiyaa| Akhira donoM nare. zoMmeM yuddhakI naubata AI; pAntu padmAvatIne bIcameM par3akara pitAputrakI sandhi kraadii| dhAr3IvAhana putrako pAkara bahuta harSita hue / unhoMne campAkA rAjapATa karakaNDuko sauMga aura bhApa muni hogaye / karakaNDu sAnanda rAjya karane lge| ekavAra karakaMDuko yaha kAmanA huI ki unakI AjJA sAre bhAratameM nirvAdha rItise mAnya ho; kiMtu maMtriyoMse unheM mAlUma humA ki drAvir3a deza ke cola, cera aura pANDyanareza unakI bhAjJAko nahIM mAnate haiN|

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saMtima jaina itihaas| rAjAne unake pAsa duta bhejA, parantu unhoMne karakaMDukA Adhipatya svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| isa uttarako sunakara karakaMDu cir3ha gyaa| aura usane unapara turanta car3hAI kara dii| mArgameM vaha terApura nagara phuNce| aura vahAMke rAjA zivane unakA sammAna kiyaa| vahIM nikaTameM eka pahAr3I aura guphAyeM thiiN| karakaMDu zivarAjAke sAtha unheM dekhane gayA / guphAmeM unhoMne bhagavAna pArzvanAthakA darzana kiyA / vahIM eka vAmIko unhoMne khudavAyA aura usamese jo bhagavAna pArzvanAthakI eka mUrti nikalI, usako unhoMne usa guphAmeM birAjamAna kiyA / mUrti jisa siMhAsana para virAjamAna thI usake bIcameM eka bhaddI gA~Tha dikhatI thii| karakaMDDane use tur3avA diyA, kintu usake tur3avAte hI vahA~ bhayaMkara jalapravAha nikala par3A / karakaMDu yaha dekhakara pachatAne lge| usa samaya eka vidyAdharane mAkara unakI sahAyatA kI aura usane usa guphAke bananekA itihAsa bhI unako btaayaa| vidyAdharake kathanase karakaMDuko mAlUma huA ki dakSiNa vijayAIke sthanapura nagarase rAjacyuta hokara nIla mahAnIla nAmake do bhAI terapurameM bhArahe the| yaha donoM vidyAdhara vaMzake rAjA the| dhIre dhIre unhoMne vahA~ rAjya sthApita kara liyaa| eka munike upadezase unhoMne jaina dharma grahaNa kara liyA aura vaha guphA maMdira bnvaayaa| usa guphA maMdirameM eka mUrti TheTha dakSiNabhAratase AI huI usa vidyAdharane btaaii| rAvaNake vaMzajoMne malayadezake pudI parvatapara eka jinamaMdira

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mahArAjA krknnddu| [9 banavA kara. vaha suMdara jinamUrti sthApita kagaI thii| koI vidyAdhara usa mUrtiko vahA~se uThA lAye aura terApurameM usako utArA / phira vaha usa mUrtiko vahA~se nahIM le jAsake : karakaMDu yaha saba kucha. sunakara bahuta prasanna huye / karakaMDune vahA~ do guphAyeM aura vanavAI / terApurase karakaMDu siMhaladvIpa pahuMce aura vahA~kI rAjaputrI rativegAkA pANigrahaNa kiyaa| uparAnta eka vidyAdhara putrIko vyAha kara unhoMne cola, cera aura pANDya narezoMkI sammilita senAkA mukAbalA kiyA aura harAkara apanA praNa pUrA kiyA / kintu jaba kara kaMhune unheM jainadharmAnuyAyI jAnA- unake mukToMmeM jinapratimAyeM dekhI to unheM bahuta pazcAtApa huA aura unhoMne unheM punaH rAjya denA cAhA; para ve svAbhimAnI drAviDAdhipati yaha kaha kara tapasyAko cale gaye ki aba hamAre putra pautrAdi hI ApakI sevA kareMge / vahA~se lauTakara terApura hote huye karakaMDu campA Agaye aura rAjyasukha bhogane lge| ___ eka dina campAmeM zIlagupta nAmaka munirAjakA zubhAgamana humA / karakaMDa saparivAra unakI vandanAko gyaa| munirAjase unhoMne dharmopadeza aura apane pUrvabhava sune, jinake sunane se unheM vairAgya hogayA aura ve apane putra vasupAlako rAjya dekara muni ho gye| muni avasthA meM unhoMne ghora tapa tapA aura mokSa prApta kiyaa| unakI rAniyA~ bhI sAdhvI hogaI thiiN| mahArAjA karakaMDukI banavAI huI guphAyeM Aja bhI haidrAbAda rAjyake usmAnAbAda milemeM tera nAmaka sthAnapara milatI haiN| unakI

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92 1 saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | racanA aura krama ThIka vaisA hI hai jaisA ki karakaMDukI banavAIM huIM * guphAoMkA thA / aura vahAM para jImUtavAhana vidyAghara ke vaMzajakA eka samaya rAjya bhI thA / ve ' tagarapura ke adhIzvara ' kahalAte the / uparAnta ve hI loga itihAsa meM zilAhAra vaMzake nAmase paricita huye the / karakaNDu mahArAjakI sahAyatA karanevAlA bhI eka vidyAdhara thA aura usane yaha kahA thA ki nIla- mahAnIla vidyAdharoMke vaMzaja terApura ( tagarapura) meM rAjya karate the / isase spaSTa hai ki zikAdvAravaMzake rAjA una vidya gharoMke hI adhikArI the, jinameM nadharmakI mAnyatA thI / zilAhAra rAjAoMmeM bhI adhikAMza jainI the| isase * bhI dakSiNa bhArata meM jainadharmakA prAcIna astitva siddha hai / x bhagavAn mahAvIra - varddhamAn / bhagavAna mahAvIra jaina dharma meM mAne huye cauvIsa tIrthakaroMmeM antima the / ve jJAtRvaMzI kSatriya nRpa siddhArthake putra ratna the| unakA janma vaizAlI ke nikaTa avasthita kuNDa grAmameM huA thA aura unake jIvanakA adhikAMza samaya uttara bhArata meM hI vyatIta huA thA; parantu yaha bAta nahIM hai ki dakSiNa bhAratake loga unake dharmo deza se achUte rahe the / yaha avazya hai ki unakA vihAra TheTha dakSiNa meM zAyada nahIM huA ho / vahAM unake pUrvagAmI tIrthaGkara zrI ariSTanemI Adi x vizeSa ke liye 'karakaNDucariya' (kAraMjA jaina pranthamAlA) kI * bhUmikA dekhanA cAhiye, jisake AdhArase yaha paricaya sadhanyavAda kikhA gayA hai|

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bhagavAna mahAvIra brddhmaan| [93 aura unake ziSyoMkA hI vihAra humA; parantu viMdhyAcalake nikaTavartI pradeza arthAt dakSiNA pathameM bhagavAna mahAvIrakA zAMti-sukhavistAraka samozaraNa nissandeha avatarita humA thaa| jaba lagabhaga tIsa varSakI avasthAmeM unhoMne gRha-tyAga karake digambara munikA veSa dhAraNa kiyA taba ve uttara aura pUrvIya bhAratameM hI vicarate rhe| udhara pUrva-dakSiNameM lAr3ha-vajrabhUmi mAdi dezoMmeM bhagavAnne vihAra kiyA thA aura idhara pazcima dakSiNameM ve ujjaina taka pahu~ce the| ujjaina ke mahAkAla smazAna bhUmimeM jaba bhagavAn virAja rahe the, taba unake alaukika dhyAna jJAna-mabhyAsako sahana na karake rudra nAmaka vyakti ne una para ghora upasarga kiyA thaa| isa ghaTanAke bAda bhagavAna kA vihAra uttara-pUrva dizAko huA thaa| ___mantataH jammakaprAmake nikaTa RjukUlA nadIke taTa para unhoMne ghora tapazcaraNa kiyA thA aura vahIM unako kevalajJAnakI siddhi huI thii| yaha pavitra sthAna mAdhunika jhiriyAke nikaTa bhanumAna kiyA gayA hai| kevalI tIrthakara hokara bhagavAna ne rAjagRhakI ora prasthAna kiyA thA aura vahAMse ve prAyaH sarvatra uttara bhAratameM vicarate rahe the / ThIkase nahIM kahA jAsakatA ki ve kahA~-kaise aura kaba pahu~ce the, parantu isameM saMzaya nahIM ki jaba ve sUrasena, dazArNa mAdi 1-zAyada yahI kAraNa hai ki dakSiNa bhAratake nainoMne apane saMghako 'mUlasaMdha' kahA hai| ataH jainadharmake yathArtha darzana dakSiNa bhAratIya sAhitya meM hI honA saMbhava hai| 2-'vIra' mA0 5 pRSTha 334-336 /

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-94 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | dezoM meM hote huye sindhu- sauvIra dezameM pahu~ce the, taba viMdhyAcala ke samIpa sthita deza unake samparka meM Anese nahIM bace / hemAMgadezakI rAjadhAnI rAjapura meM bhagavAna kA zubhAgamana huA thaa| rAjapura daNDakAraNyake nikaTa avasthita thA / " vahAMke rAjA jIvandhara atyaMta parAkramI the| unhoMne palavadezAdi vijaya kiye the / unakA vivaraNa dakSiNa bhAratake dezoMmeM bhI huA thA / dakSiNamtha kSemapurI meM unhoMne divya jinamaMdira ke darzana kiye the| Akhira ve ma0 mahAvIra ke nikaTa muni hogaye the| podanapura meM rAjA prasannacaMdra bha0 mahAvIrakA bhakta thA / pohArapurakA rAjA bhI bhagavAn mahA- vIrakA ziSya thA / bhagavAna kA zubhAgamana ina dezoM huA thA / isase bhAge ve gaye the yA nahIM, yaha kucha patA nahIM cltaa| hAM, 'harivaMzapurANa' meM avazya kahA gayA hai ki bha0 mahAvIrane RSabhadeva ke samAna hI sAre mArya deza meM vihAra aura dharmapacAra kiyA thA / isakA artha yahI hai ki dakSiNa bhAratameM bhI ve pa Mce the / samrAT zreNika, jambUkumAra aura vidyuccara / bhagavAn mahAvIra-varddhamAnake ananya bhakta samrAT zreNika the / taba magadha meM zizu nAgavaMza ke rAjAoMkA zreNika vimbasAra / rAjya thA / zreNika usa hI baMzake na aura magadha sAmrAjya ke magadha rAjyakA unhoMne khUba hI vistAra kiyA thA / saMsthApaka the / kahate haiM ki 1 - jaisimA0 bhA0 2 pRSTha 9 - 102 / 260, pRSTha 18 / }

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samrAT zreNika, jambukumAra aura vidyuJcora / [ 95 bhAratakI pazcimottara sImApara paira jamAye huye IrAniyoMko samrATa zreNikane hI dUra bhagA diyA thaa| zreNikake putra abhayarAjakumAra the| vaha rAjamaMtra aura taMtrameM mati pravINa the| mAlama hotA hai ki IrAna ke rAjavaMzase unakA premamaya vyavahAra thaa| zreNikane IrAna aura usake nikaTavartI dezoMmeM jinamUrtiyAM sthApita karAI thiiN| abhayarAjakumArane apane mitra IrAnake zAhajAde Ardrakake liye khAsa taurapara eka jinamUrti bhejI thii| AIka usa divyamUrti ke darzana karake aisA pratibuddha huA ki sIdhA bhagavAna mahAvIrake samozaraNameM A munidIkSAse dIkSita hogayA / nissaMdeha samrAT zreNika aura unake suputroMne magadha gajyakI samRddhike sAtha jainadharmakI mahAna sevA aura prabhAvanA kI thii| zreNikakI rAjadhAnI gajagRha nagarI thii| vahAMvara bhaIdAsa nAmake eka dharmAtmA seTha rahate the, jinakI jmbuukumaar| patnI jinamatI thii| phAlguna mAsake zukla ... pakSameM eka acchese dina jaba candramA rohiNI nakSatra para thA taba prAtaH samaya usa sTAnIkI kokhase eka putra-ratnakA janma huaa| mAtA-pitAne usakA nAma jambukumAra . rakkhA / jagbUkumArane yuvA hote2 saba dI zastrazAstra viSayaka vidyA omeM yogyatA prApta kara lii| gadarabArameM bhI inakI, mAnyatA hogaI / mrAT zreNika inakA khUba sanmAna karate the / 1- mAri0 ' ( akTUbara 1930) pR0 438 ... 2-saMjaii0 bhA0 2 khaMDa 1 pR0 22-23

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96 ] saMbita va vihAsa / usa samaya dakSiNa bhAratake keraka dezameM eka vidyAdhara rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usa bhora vidyAdhara kerala bijy| vaMzake rAjAoMne prAcInakAlase apanA mAdhipatya jamA vakhA thaa| basa, keralake usa vidyAdhara rAjAkA nAma mRgAMka thaa| samrAT zreNikase usakI mitratA thii| mRgAMkapara haMsadvIpa (laMkA) ke rAnA ralacUlane bhAkamaNa kiyA thaa| mRgAMkakI sahAyatAke liye zreNikane jambUkumArake senApatitvameM apanI senA mejI thii| __jambUkumArane vIratApUrvaka zatrukA saMhAra kiyA thaa| isa yuddha meM unake hAthase mATha hajAra yoddhAoMkA saMhAra huA thaa| uparAMta mRgAMkane apanI kanyA vilAsavatIkA vivAha zreNikake sAtha kiyA thaa| jaba zreNika kerala gaye huye the taba unhoMne vindhyAcaka maura revA nadIko pAra karake kurala nAmaka parvatapara vizrAma kiyA thA aura vahAMpara sthApita jina vimboMkI pUjA-arcanA kI thii|' dakSiNa bhAratake itihAsase yaha siddha hai ki prAcIna kAla meM haMsadIpa (laMkA) aura tAmika-pANDyAdi dakSiNa dezavAsiyoMke madhya paraspara mAkramaNa hote rahate the| udhara yaha bhI pragaTa hai ki nanda 1-'bamyUkumAra carit / meM vizeSa paricaya dekho 'tatastA ca samuttIrtha pratasthe keralAM prati / vizazrAma kiyatkALa nAnA kuraLabhUbare // 143 // 7 // pUjayAmAsa bhUmIzastatra ziba bineshinH| munInapi mahAmattayA tataH prasthAtamukhataH // 14 //

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samrATa zreNika, jambakumAra ora vidhucor| [95 rAjAbhoMne dakSiNa bhAratapara AkramaNa kiye the| isa avasthAmeM yaha saMbhava hai ki zreNikane rAjA mRgAMkakI sahAyatA kI ho| kerala vinaya karake zreNika aura jambukumAra lauTakara sAnanda rAjagRha mAye aura khUba vijayotsava mnaayaa| ____eka roja jambukumArakA samAgama munirAja zrI sudharmAcAryase huA, jinase unhoMne apane pUrvabhatra sune| unhoMne jAnA ki sudharmAcArya unake pUrvabhavake bhAI haiN| vaha bhI mAIkI taraha muni hojAneke liye udyamI hogaye; parantu sudharmAcAryane unheM usa samaya dIkSita nahIM kiyA / jambukumAra mAtA-pitA kI mAtrA leneke liye ghara cale gaye / vahAM u pitRgaNake vizeSa Agrahase vivAha karanA par3A; parantu unhoMne navavadhuoMke sAtha rahakara ratikelI meM samaya nahIM . gaMvAyA / una sabako samajhA-bujhAkara ve digambara muni hogaye / jisa samaya jambukumAra apanI patniyoMko samajhA rahe the usa sasaya vidyuJca! nAmakA cora unakI vidyucr| bAteM suna rahA thA, jinakA usapara veDhava asara pdd'aa| aura vaha bhI apane pAMcasau ziSyoM sahita jambRkumAra ke sAtha muni hogyaa| yaha vidyuccara dakSiNa. pathake prasiddha nagara podanapura ke nareza vidyu dAjakA putra vidyuHprabha thaa| isane caurya zAstrakA adhyayana kiyA thA aura usakA abhyAsa 1-uyu0 pR0 709 "jambUkumAra carit" meM inheM haspinApurake rAjAkA putra likhA hai; parantu vaha vidyubA inase bhinna aura bha. pAzvanAthake tIrtha meM huye the|

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98 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | karaneke liye rAjagRha calA AyA thaa| dakSiNa bhAratake dezoMmeM usane khAsA bhramaNa kiyA thA / samudrake nikaTa sthita malayAcala parvatapara vaha pahuMcA thA / vahAM se vaha siMhaladvIpa bhI gayA thA; jahAMse vApisa hokara vaha kerala AyA thA / draviDa dezako usane jaina maMdiroM aura vainiyoMse paripUrNa dekhA thA / phira vaha karNATaka kAmboja, kAMcIpura, sAvata, mahArASTrAdimeM hotA huA viMdhyAcala ke usa pAra AmIra deza, koGkaNa, kiSkindhAdimeM pahuMcA thaa| isa varNana se bhI usa samaya dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina dharmakA astitva pramANita hotA hai| jambUkumAra aura vidyuta ne apane sAthiyoM sahita bhagavAn saudharmAcArya se muni dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| vipukAcala parvata parase jaba sudharmasvAmI mukta huye taba jambUsvAmI kevalajJAnI huye / / 1- " dakSiNasyAM dizi prApya samudraM maLayAcaram / paTerAdidrumAkIrNamaprotugamanam // 215 // agamyaM hi siMhadvIpaM kelaM dezamunna m / draviDaM caitaH gRhAgamaM jainaTokaparivR-m // 216 // vINaM karNATasaMjJa ca kAMboja kautukAvaham / kAMcIpuraM sukAMtyA va kAMcanAme manoham // 217 // katalaM ca samAsAdya sahAM parvatamunnam * mahArASTra ca vaidarbhadezaM nAnAvanA Gkam // 298 // vicitra narmadAtaraM pradeza vidhyaparvam | vidhyATava samullaMghya tacalitam // 219 // ityAdi / - jambU0 pR0 188.

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nanda aura maurya samrAT / [99 unhoMne magadhAdi dezoMmeM dharmapracAra kiyA aura Akhira vipulAcala parvataparase vaha bhI nirvANa padhAre / ekadA vidyuccara apane pAMcasau sAthiyoM sahita mathurAke udyAnameM A virAje; jahAM una para ghora upasarga humA / saba muniyoMne samatApUrvaka samAdhimaraNa kiyA / unakI pavitra smRti meM vahAM pAMcasau stUpa nirmANa kiye gaye the, jo akabara bAdazAha ke samaya taka vahAM vidyamAna the| nanda aura maurya samrAT / zizu nAgavaMzake pratApI rAjAoMke pazcAt magadha sAmrAjyake adhikArI nandavaMzake rAjA huye the| usa nnd-raajaa| .samaya magadhakA zAsaka hI bhArata varSakA pramukha aura agragaNya nRpa mathavA samrATa samajhA jAtA thaa| isI kAraNa magadhakA adhikAra pAte hI nandarAjA bhI bhAratake pradhAna zAsaka samajhe jAne lge| yahAM taka ki videzIyUnAnI lekhakoMne bhI nandoMkI pradhAnatA aura prasiddhikA ullekha kiyA hai| ina nandoMmeM samrAT nandavarddhana aura mahApadma mukhya the| naMdavarddhanne eka bhAratavyApI digvijaya kI thI, jisameM usane dakSiNa bhAratako bhI vijaya kiyA thaa| dakSiNa bhAratake eka zilAlekhase yaha spaSTa hai ki nandarA 1-jambU0 pR. 10-11. mathurA meM vidyuccarakI smRtimeM stUpoMkA honA isa kathAnakakI satyatAkA pramANa hai| 2-ema., pRSTha 139 /

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M 1..] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / jAmoMne kuntaladeza para zAsana kiyA thA aura kadamba vaMzake rAjA unheM apanA pUrvaja mAnate the| kuntaladeza bhAjakalake pazcimIya dakkhina (Decoan) aura uttarIya maisUra jitanA thA / dakSiNabhAra. take hosakoTe jilemeM nandaguDi nAmaka grAma uttuGgabhuja nAmaka rAnAkI rAjadhAnI batAI jAtI hai aura kahA jAtA hai ki naMdarAjA usake bhatIje the / usane unako kaida kara liyA thA; parantu unhoMne mukta hokara apanA svataMtra rAjya sthApita kiyA thaa| parantu kahA nahIM jA sakatA ki isa janazrutimeM kitanA tathya hai, to bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki naMda sAmrAjyakA vistAra dakSiNa bhArata taka thaa| kuMtaladeza nandarAjAoMke zAsanAdhIna thA ! nandarAjAoM ke pazcAt bhAratake pradhAna zAsaka mauryavaMza ke zAsaka huye / candragupta mauryane mantima maury-smraatt| naMdarAjA aura usake sahAyakoM ko parAsta karake magadha sAmrAjya para apanA adhi. kAra jamAyA thaa| udhara pazcimottara sImA prAMtase yUnAniyoMko khade kara candraguptane uttara bhAratameM aphagAnistAna taka apanA rAjya sthApita kiyA thaa| aura yaha pragaTa hI hai ki dakSiNa bhArata ke eka bhAgako nanda rAjAoMne hI magadha sAmrAjyameM milA liyA thaa| isaliye candraguptakA adhikAra svataH usa pradezapara hogayA thaa| * eka zilAlekhameM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki zikArapura tAlukake nAga 1-ikA0 7, zikArapura 229 va 236, maiku0 pRSTha 3 va jamIso0 bhA0 22 pRSTha 104|2-jmiiso0 bhA0 22 pRSTha 505 /

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nanda aura maurya samrAT / [ 201 svaNDakI rakSA prAcIna kSatriya cAritra - Azraya- candragupta karate the / ' candraguptane kRSNA nadIke kinArepara bhI zAlamameM eka nagara bhI basAyA thA / kintu mAlUma hotA hai ki mauryooko uparAnta dakSiNa bhAratameM adhikAdhika rAjya vistArakI AkAMkSA huI thii| tadanusAra mauyyane tAmila dezapara AkramaNa kiyA thA / mauyyoMke isa AkramaNakA ullekha tAmilake prAcIna 'saMgam' sAhityame milatA hai / saMgam kavi mAmUlanAra, paranara, prabhRtane apanI racanAoM meM mauryya AkramaNakA varNana kiyA hai| usase jJAta hotA hai ki dakSiNake tInoM pradhAna rAjyoM cera, coka, aura pAMNDayane milakara mauyyakA mukAbila kiyA thA / tAmiLa senAke senApati pANDiyana ne dunceliyana nAmaka mahAnubhAva the / moharakA rAjA unakA sahAyaka thaa| udhara mauyyauke sahAyaka veDukara arthAt telugu loga the / tAmiloMse pahalA moracA bahukara logoMne hI liyA thA; parantu tAmiloMse ve burI taraha hAre the| isapara svayaM maurya samrAT raNAGgaNameM upasthita huye the aura ghamAsAna yuddha huA thA; kintu veGkaTa parvatane mauyyoko mAge nahIM bar3hane diyA thaa| phira bhI yaha pragaTa hai ki maurya maisUra taka pahuMca gaye the / sAtha hI vidvAnoMkA anumAna hai ki dakSiNa bhAratapara yaha AkramaNa samrAT vindusAra dvArA huA thaa| kyoMki azokane 2 1 - sorAbasya naM0 263 kA zilAlekha, jo 14 vIM zatAbdikA haiM / maku0 pRSTha 10 eri0 mA0 9 pRSTha 99 / 2 - jamIso 0, bhAga 18 pRSTha 155 - 166 / 3 - jamIso0, bhAga 22 pRSTha 505 /

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102) saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / kevala eka kaliGgakA yuddha lar3A thA parantu usake zAsana lekha maisUra taka milate haiM / isa prakAra mauryokA zAsana dakSiNa bhAratameM maisura prAnta taka vistRta thaa| samrATa azokake dharmazAsana-lekha maisUrake pati nikaTa mile hai| brahmagiri, siddhapura, jaTiGga, rAmezvara samrATa azoka / parvata, koppala aura berungar3I nAmaka sthAnoMse upalabdha azoka lekha vahAMtaka mauryazAsanake vistArake dyotaka haiN| kintu 'brahmagiri ke dharma-lekhameM samrAT mAtA-pitA aura gurukI sevA karanepara jora dete haiM, yaha eka khAsa bAta hai| yaha zAyada isaliye hai ki yaha dharmalekha maisUrake usa sthAnase nikaTa bhavasthita hai jahAMpara azokake pitAmaha samrATa candraguptane Akara tapasyA kI thii| zravaNabelagolase hI caMdraguptane svargArohaNa kiyA thaa| bhazokane apane pitAmahake pavitra samAdhisthAnakI vandanA kI thii| mAlama hotA hai, isIliye unhoMne brahmagirika dharmalesameM khAsa taurapara guru aura mAtA-pitAkI sevA karanekI zikSAkA samAveza kiyA thaa| pro0 esa0 bhAra0 zarmA yaha pragaTa karate haiN| aura yaha hama pahale hI pramANita kara cuke haiM ki bauddha honese pahale azoka jainI thA aura apane zeSa jIvanameM bhI usapara jaina dharmakA kAphI prabhAva rahA thaa| azokane jainoMkA ullekha nirgrantha aura zramaNa nAmase kiyA thaa| .: 1-maca0 pRSTha 94-96 / 2-saMhi0, mA0 2 khaNDa 1 pRSTha 229-20 / 3-jaisaI., madhyAya 2 /

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[ 103 nanda aura maurya samrAT / kintu maurya samra ToMmeM candraguptakA hI sambandha dakSiNa bhAratase vizeSa aura mahatvazAlI rahA hai / samrAT candragupta ! eka zAsaka ke rUpameM hI vaha samrAT dakSiNa bhAratIyoMke paricayameM Aye hoM kevala itanA hI nahIM balki vaha unake bIcameM eka pUjya sAdhuke bheSameM vicare the| jaina zAstroM aura zilAlekhoMse pragaTa hai ki jisa samaya samrAT candragupta bhAratakA zAsana kara rahe the, usa samaya uttara bhArata meM eka bhayaMkara duSkAla par3A, jisake kAraNa loma trAhi-trAhi karane lage / isa samaya jaina saMghakA pradhAna kendra magadha thA aura zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura AcArya sthUlabhadra saMghake netA the / bhadra svAmIne isa duSkAlakA honA apane divyajJAna se jAnakara pahale hI ghoSita kara diyA thA / samrAT candragupta ina AcAryoMke ziSya the / unhoMne jaba guru bhadrabAhujI mukha se duSkAlake samAcAra sune to unhoMne apane putrakA rAjatilaka kara diyA aura svayaM munidIkSA lekara zrutakevalI ke sAtha ho liye / bhadrabAhusvAmI saMghako lekara dakSiNa bhAratakI ora cale gye| maisUra prAMta meM zravaNabeLagoLake nikaTa kaTavapra parvatapara vaha Thahara gaye, aura saMghako Age coladezameM jAneke kiye Adeza diyA / muni candragupta unakI vaiyAvRttike liye unake sAtha rahe the / vahIM tapazcaraNa karate huye bhadrabAhusvAmI svargabAsI huye the 1- saMjehi0, mA02 khaMDa 1 pR0 203-228, zrava0 30-32 jaizisaM 0 bhUmikA /

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14] saMkSipta na itihaas| aura candragupta munine bhI vahIMse samAdhimaraNa dvArA svargakAma kiyA thaa| uttara bhAratase jaina saMghake dakSiNa bhAgamanakI isa bAtoMke poSaka dakSiNa bhAratake ve sthAna bhI haiM jahAM Aja bhI batAyA jAtA hai ki isa saMghake munigaNa Thahare the| arkATa jilekA tirumalaya nAmaka sthAna isa bAtake liye prasiddha hai ki vahAM bhadrabAhujIke saMghavAle muMniyoMmese mATha hajAra Thahare the| ___ vahA~ parvata para Der3ha phuTa lambe caraNacihna usakI prAcInatAke dyotaka haiN|' isI prakAra hassana jileke hemavRtanagara ( jo hemavatI nadIke taTapara sthita thaa|) ke viSayameM kahA jAtA hai ki vahA~ zrutakevalI bhadrabAhujIke saMghake muni uttara bhAratase bhAkara Thahare the| Theghara tAmiLa bhASAke prasiddha nItikAvya ' nAlADiyAra' kI rakSA viSayaka kathAse spaSTa hai ki uttara bhAratase durbhikSake kAraNa pIDira huye mATha hajAra munigaNa pANDya deza taka pahuMce the / pANDyanareza ugraperuvalIne unakA svAgata kiyA thaa| pANDyanareza unakI vidvattApara aisA mugdha huA ki vaha unase alaga nahIM honA cAhatA thaa| haThAt muniyoMne apanI dharmarakSAke liye cupacApa vahAMse prasthAna kara diyA; parantu calane ke pahale unhoMne eka eka padya racakara apane2 Asana para chor3a diyA! yahI 'nAlA. DiyAra' kAvya bana gayA / sArAMzataH ina ullekhoM evaM anya zilA 1-mamaiprAjasmA0 pRSTha 74 / 2-gaimaiku0, bhA0 2 pRSTha 296 / 3-hi0 bhAga 14 pRSTha 332 jJAta nahIM ki pANDava narezakA samaya kyA hai?

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nanda mAra mAya samrAT / [15 lekhAdise samrATa candraguptakA muni hokara zrutakevalI bhadavAhujIke sAtha dakSiNabhAratameM AnA spaSTa hai| ina mutiyoMke bhAgamanake kAraNa vahAM pahalese pracalita jaina dharmako vizeSa protsAhana milA pratIta hotA hai| kintu isI samaya uttarabhAratameM mabhAgyavaza jaina saMgha matabhedakA zikAra bana gayA thA; jisake pariNAmasvarUpa usakA ekadhArArUpa pravAha idhara udhara vaha calA thaa| zvetAmbara saMpradAyake pUrvarUpameM 'arddhakAlaka' mAnyatAvAloMkA janma isI samaya hogayA thA aura uparAMta vahI vikasita hokara IsvI prathama zatAbdimeM spaSTataH zvetAmbara saMpradAyake nAmase prakhyAt hogayA thaa| mUla jaina saMghake anuyAyI nitha kAlAMtarameM 'digaMbara' nAmase prasiddha hogaye the| yaha saba bAteM hama pahale hI likha cuke haiN|' samrAT candraguptake prasiddha maMtrI cANakyake viSayameM bhI kahA jAtA hai ki vaha jaina dharmAnuyAyI the caannky| aura apane antima jIvanameM vaha jaina sAdhu ho gaye the / Akhira vaha AcArya huye the aura apane pAMcasau ziSyoM sahita deza-videzameM vihAra karake vaha dakSiNa bhAratake vanavAsa nAmaka dezameM sthita kauMcapurameM A birAje ye / vahIM unhoMne prAyopagamana sanyAsa liyA thaa| eka janazruti cANakyako 'zukkatIrtha meM ekAntavAsa karate batAtI haiM / saMbhava hai ki yaha 'zukratIrtha jainoMkA balgola yA 'dhavalasara' tIrtha 1-sahi mArga 2 khaNDa 1 pRSThaM 203-217 / 2-pUrva pustaka pRSTha 239-242 /

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106.] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / ho|' inhIM bAtoMko dekhate huye vidvajana jaina mAnyatAko vizvasanIya pragaTa karate haiN| candraguptake samAna hI usakA potA samprati bhI jaina dharmakA ___mananya bhakta thaa| vaha dharmavIra honeke. samrAT smpti| sAtha hI raNavIra bhI thaa| kahate haiM ki usane aphagAnistAnake Age turka, IrAna Adi dezoMko bhI vijaya kiyA thaa| ina dezoMmeM sampratine jaina vihAra banavAye the aura jaina sAdhuoMko vahAM bhejakara janatAmeM jaina dharmakA pracAra karAyA thaa| videzoMke atirikta bhAratameM bhI sampratine dharmaprabhAvanAke aneka kArya kiye the| unhoMne dakSiNa bhAratameM bhI apane dharmapracAraka bheje the| kintu sampratike bAda mauryavaMzameM koI bhI yogya zAsaka nahIM huaa| pariNAma svarUpa maurya sAmrAjya chinnabhinna hogayA aura dakSiNa bhAratake rAjya bhI svAdhIna hogye| azokake eka dharma 1-jaisaI0 pRSTha 9 / 2-" This co-incidence, if it were merely accidental, is certainly significant. Apart from minor details, this confirms the opinion of Rhys Devids that the linguistic and epigraphical evidence so far available confirms in many respects the general reliability of the traditions ourront among the Jains..." -Prof. S. R. Sharma, x. A. 3-maMjeI. mA. 2 khaNDa 1 pRSTha 293-296 /

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Andhra-sAmrAjya lekhase yaha spaSTa hai ki dakSiNake cera. cola. pANDya rAjya pahalese hI svAdhIna the aura mauryoke bAda mAndhravaMzI balavAna hogaye / aandhr-saamraajy| narmadA aura vidhyAcalake uparAnta dakSiNa dizAke saba hI prAMta 'dakSiNApathake nAmase prasiddha the|' dakSiNa bhAratake parantu rAjanaitika dRSTise unake do bhAga do bhaag| ho jAte haiN| pahale bhAgameM vaha pradeza mAtA hai jo uttarameM narmadA tathA dakSiNameM kRSNA aura tuGgabhadrAke bIca hai| aura dUsare bhAgameM vaha triko NAkAra bhUbhAga AtA hai jo kRSNA aura tugabhadrA nadiyoMse bhArambha hokara kumArI aMtarIpataka jAtA hai / yahI vAstavameM tAmika athavA drAvir3a deza hai| ina donoM bhAgoMkI apekSA inakA itihAsa bhI alaga-alaga hojAtA hai / tadanusAra yahAM hama mauryoke bAda pahale bhAga para adhikArI AndhravaMzake rAjAoMkA paricaya likhate haiN| azokake uparAMta mAndhravaMzake rAjA svAdhIna hogaye the| yaha loga zAtavAhana athavA zAlivAhanake Andhra raajaa| nAmase bhI prasiddha the| aura inake rAjyakA mArambha IsvI pUrva 300 ke lagabhaga huA thaa| caMdraguptake samayameM tIsa bar3e bar3e prAcIravAle * 1-gaiva0, pR0133 yUnAniyoMne ise 'dakhinavadesa' (Dakhinar bades) kahA thA / 2-maiku0, pRSTha 15 / 3-kAmAi0, pR.191 /

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saMcita jaina itihA~sa / nagara Andhra rAjyake aMtargata the| AndhroMkI senA meM eka lAkha pyAde, do hajAra savAra aura eka hajAra hAthI the| yUnAnI lekhakoMne inheM eka balavAna zAsaka likhA hai| azoka ke marate hI inhoMne apane - rAjyako bar3hAnA prArambha kara diyA aura san 240 yA 230 I0 pUrvake lagabhaga pazcimI ghATa para godAvarIke udbhavake samIpa nAsikanagara unake rAjya meM sammilita hogyaa| dhIre-dhIre sAre kSakSiNa pradeza para samudrase samudra paryanta unakA rAjya hogayA / ' kahate haiM, magadhako bhI mantroMne, khAravela ke sAtha jIta liyA thA / kaliGgake jaina samrAT khAravelane Andhra samrAT zatakarNIko parAsta kiyA thaa| isIse anumAnita hai ki magadha vijaya meM vaha khAravela ke sAtha rahe the| unake samaya meM pazcima kI ora se zaka chatrapoMke AkramaNa bhArata para hote the / AndhoMne unase bacane ke liye apanI rAjadhAnI mahArASTra ke hRdaya pratiSThAna ( paiThana) meM sthApita kI thii| inakA pahalA rAjA sisuka yA sindhuka nAmaka thA / inakA sArA rAjatvakAla karIba 460 varSa batAyA jAtA hai, jisameM inake tIsa rAjAoMne rAjya kiyA thA / * isa vaMza ke rAjAoM meM gautamI putra zAtakarNi nAmaka rAjA prakhyAta thA / nAsikake eka zilAlegautamIputra shaatkrnni| khameM use 'rAjAdhirAja' aura azika, azmaka mUlaka, surASTra, kukura, aparAnta, anUpa, vidarbha aura akarAvantI nAmaka dezoM para zAsana karate likhA [ d 1-0, pR0 154 - 172 / 2 - kuaiI0, pR0 15 / 3 - javi - mosI0 bhA0 3 pR0 442 / 4 - lAbhAi0, pR0 199 /

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Andhra - sAmrAjya / [ 109 hai / aneka rAjA-mahArAjA usakI sevA karate aura AjJA mAnate the / vaha zaraNAgatoMkI rakSA karatA aura prajAke sukha-duHkhako apanA sukha duHkha samajhatA thA / vaha vidvAna, sajjanoMkA mAzraya, yazakA AgAra, cAritrakA bhaMDAra, vidyAmeM advitIya aura eka hI dhanurdhara vIra thA / usane zaka, yavana aura pallavoMkI saMyukta senAko parAsta karake : bhAratako mahAna saMkaTase mukta kiyA thA / isI kAraNa vaha 'vikramAditya' ke nAma se prasiddha huA thA / usakA rAjatvakAla I0 pUrva 100 44 banAyA jAtA hai / prArambhameM usane brAhmaNoMke dharmakA pAlana kiyA thA, parantu apane aMtima jIvanameM vaha eka jaina gRhastha hogayA thA / zaka vijayakI smRtimeM usakA eka saMvat bhI Arambha huA thA jo Aja taka pracalita hai / 2 gautamIputra ke atirikta isa vaMzake rAjAoMmeM hAla aura kuntalazAta karNi bhI ullekhanIya haiN| hAla apanI sAhityaka racanAoMke lie prasiddha haiM aura kuntalane san 78 I0 meM punaH zakoM ko harAkara AMdhrasAmrAjyako svAdhIna banAyA thaa| zAlivAhana zaka imI ghaTanAkI samRtimeM pracalita huA thA / AMdhrakAlameM deza samRddhizAlI huA thaa| logoM meM utsAha aura sAhasakA saMcAra huA thA, jisase unhoMne jIvana ke pratyeka vyApAra / 1 - 0, pRSTha 149 / 2 - vikramAditya gautamIputra zAtakarNikA vivecanAtmaka varNana ' saMkSipta jaina itihAsa bhAga 2 khaMDa 2 pR0-61-66 meM dekhanA cAhie / ,

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | - aMgako unnata banAyA thA / baMNija - vyApAra khUba hI vRddhiko pahuMcA thaa| pazcimase jahAja Akara bhRgukacchake bandaragAhapara TaharA karate the / paiThanase eka khAsa tarahakA patthara aura tagarapura ( terApura ) se majalaina- sATane, mArakIna Adi kapar3A evaM anya vastuyeM bhRgukaccha gAr3iyoMmeM le jAI jAtI thIM aura vahAMse jahAjoMmeM lavakara pazcimake dezoM yUnAna Adiko calI jAtIM thIM / sopArA ; kalyANa, semulla -ityAdi nagara vyApArakI maMDiyAM thiiN| logoMke liye Ane jAnekI kAphI suvidhA aura unakI rakSAkA samucita prabandha thaa| bhAratIya - vyApArI nizcita hokara deza-videza se vyApAra karake samRddhako prApta hohe the / sAhitya | vANijya ke anurUpa hI sAhityakI bhI AndhrakAlameM acchI unnati huI thI / Andhraveza ke aneka rAjA sAhityarasika the aura unameM se kinhoMne svayaM hI racanAyeM bhI racIM thI / samrAT hALakI 'gAthA saptazatI' prasiddha hI hai / parantu yaha bAta nahIM hai ki Andhra kAlameM kevala prAkRta bhASAkI hI unnati huI ho, balki saMskRta bhASAko bhI isa samaya protsAhana milA thaa| prAkRta bhASAkA pramukha -grantha 'bRhatkathA' thA, jo mahAkavi guNADhya kI racanA thii| . 8 kahA jAtA hai ki guNADhyane kAraNabhUti nAmaka AcAryase jAnakara kathAsAhityakA yaha advitIya grantha racakara sAlivAhana rAjAko bheMTa kiyA thaa| yaha kAraNabhUti eka jainAcArya pragaTa hote haiN| udhara 1-0 pRSTha 174- 106 / 2 - bagai0 pRSTha 170-171 / -3- 'vIra' kA ' kahAnI- a ' dekho| wzd

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Andhra-sAmrAjya / [111 saMskRta bhASAkA apUrva vyAkaraNa kAtantra' bhI eka tAlivAhana rAjAke liye racA gayA thA ! kahate haiM ki yaha bhI eka jainAcAryakI kRti thii| jaina vidyAlayoMmeM isakA paThanapAThana bAja bhI hotA hai| logoM vadikadharmake sAtha-sAtha bauddhadharma aura janadharmakA bhI pracAra thA / sAmAjika saMsthAyeM prAyaH sudara dhrm| dakSiNa deza jaisI hI thiiN|' 'kAlakAcAryaka __thAnaka se pragaTa hai ki paiThanake gajAke vaha gurU the| jaina muniyoM aura mAryikAoM kA AvAgamana rAjaprAsAdameM bhI thA : rAjA aura prajAko jaina guru dharmakI zAMti aura sukhakara zikSA diyA karate the| unakA dharmopadeza bahakAryakArI bhI thaa| yahI vajaha hai ki gautamIputra aura hAlake viSayameM anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki ve jainadharmAnuyAyI hogaye the| mAndhradeza saghana noM, parvatoM aura upatyakAoMse paripUrNa thaa| prakRtipriya jainoM kA dhyAna isa dezake saundaryakI ora AkRSTa humA / unake saMgha vahA~ pahuMce aura apanIapanI 'palila' sthApita karake basa gye| sArA deza jaina maMdiroMse alaMkRta aura jaina muniyoMke dharmopadezase pavitra hogayA / 9-" The Andhra or Satavahana rule is characterised by almost the same social features as the further south; bat in point of religion they seem to have been great patrons of the Jains and Buddhists."-S. Krishnaswami Aiyangor in the Ancient India, page 34. 2-sAIja., mA0 2 pRSTa 8 9 /

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112] saMkSipta jaina itihaa| sudUra dakSiNake rAjya / (drAvir3a-rAjya ) godAvarI aura phira kRSNA evaM tuGgabhadrAse pare dakSiNa dizAmeM jo bhI pradeza thA vaha tAmila athavA drAvir3a rAjyoMkI drAvir3a nAmase paricayameM mAtA thaa| yaha siimaayeN| drAvir3a athavA tAmiladeza tIna bhAgoM arthAt cera, coka aura pANDya maNDaloMmeM vibhakta thA / pANDyamaMDala 'paNDi nADu' nAmase vikhyAt thA aura vaha vartamAnake madurA jilA jitanA thaa|' zokakai samayameM pAMDya rAjyameM madurA aura tinAvalI ke jile garmita the| madurA usakI rAjadhAnI thI, jo eka samaya samRddhizAlI bahujanAkIrNa aura parakoTese veSTita nagara thaa| pAMDayoMkA dusarA pramukha nagara ko ( Korkai) thaa| colamaMDalakA dUsarA nAma 'punalanADu' thA aura uyura (uragapura) usakI rAjadhAnI thI, jo vartamAna ke TricanApalI nagarake sannikaTa avasthita thii| cola rAjyakA vistAra koromaNDala jitanA thA / pukara arthAt kAverIyAmpaTTanam coloMkA pradhAna bandaragAha thaa| prAcInakAlameM ceramaNDalakA vistAra maisUra, koimbaTora, salema, dakSiNa mAlAbAra, TrAvanakora aura kocIna jitanA thaa| isakI rAjadhAnI karUra athavA 1-jamIso0, bhA0 18 pRSTa 213 / 2-lAbhAi0 0 286 / / 3-jaSIso0, bhA0 18 pR0 213 / 4-lAbhAi0 pR0 286 /

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Andhra-sAmrAjya [113 bejiGga thI aura pANDyadeza isase pazcimameM thii| yaha tIna rAjya hI dakSiNa bhAratameM pramukha the| / dakSiNake ina tInoM rAjyoMkA ullekha samrATa azokake dharma lekha meM humA hai| aura samrAT khAravelake zilAlekha aura zilAlekhameM bhI inakA ullekha milatA drAvir3a raajy| hai| parantu sAhityameM ina tInoM rAjyoMkA astitva eka ati prAcInakAlase siddha hotA hai / ' kAtyAyana-vAtikA' meM pANDya, coka mAdikA ullekha hai| pAtaJjaline isI prakAra mAhiSmatI, vaidarbha. kAJcIpura aura kera. sakA ullekha kiyA hai / 'mahAbhArata' (vanaparva 118) meM drAvir3a dezakI uttarIya sImA godAvarI nadIkA ullekha hai| yUnAnI lekhakoM TolmI Adine bhI ina dezoMkA ullekha kiyA hai| udhara jaina sAhityase bhI ce, cola aura pANDya rAjyoMkA prAcIna astitva pramANita hai| mahArAja jaina sAhityameM kRSNaka yuddha jaba jasa siMdhuse horahA thA drAvir3a raajy| taba dravir3a deza ke rAjA bhI unake pakSameM the| mAlUna hotA hai ki pANDavoM ke dakSiNa mathugameM rAjya sthApita karane ke kAraNa una rAjyoMkA samparka uttara bhAratIya rAjyoMse ghaniSTatAmeM . riNata hogayA thaa| cecola. 1-kaca0 pRSTa 250 / 2-adha0 pRSTa 113-119 / 3javiboso0 mA0 3 pR. 446 / 4-paga pR0 138 / 5-mahAbhASya, 1. 1, 19 / 6-ga* pR. 138-142 / 7-hari0 pR. 468 /

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194 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | pANDya ina dravir3a rAjyoM kA yudhiSTharAdi pANDavoMse gaharA sambandha thaa| vidita hotA hai ki jisa samaya pallavadeza meM virAjamAna bhagavAn mari'nemake nikaTa pANDavoMne jinadIkSA lI thI, usI samaya ina dravir3a rAjAoMne bhI munivrata dhAraNa kiyA thA / pANDavoM ke sAtha tapa tapakara vaha bhI zatruMjayagirise mukta huye the| bhagavAn ariSTanemi tIrthane hI kAmadeva nAgakumAra huye the / nAgakumArakA mitra mathurAkA rAjakumAra mahAvyAla thA / yaha mahAvyAka pAMDyadeza gayA thA aura pANDya rAjakumArIko vyAha lAyA thaa| isake pazcAt bha0 pArzvanAthake tIrthakAlameM karakaNDu rAjA huye the, jinhoMne cera, cola aura pANDya rAjAoMko yuddhameM parAsta kiyA thA / karakaNDuko yaha jAnakara hArdika duHkha huA thA ki ve rAjA nI the| unhoMne unase kSamA cAhI aura unakA rAjya unheM denA cAhA; parantu ve apane putroMko rAjyAdhikArI banAkara svayaM jaina muni hogaye the| ina ullekhoMse cera, cola, pANDya rAjyoMkA prAcIna astitva hI nahIM balki unake rAjAoMkA jainadharmAnuyAyI honA bhI spaSTa hai| dakSiNa bhArata meM antara parvata, aivara male, tirumUrti parvata ityAdi 1- paMDusumA tithigaNNA daviDa riMdANa aTThakoDiyo / setujaya girisiire NivANagayA Namo tesi ||" 2 - gaMbhIra vihiNi gAudA hiNamaDurA hiDa paMDirAu - NAyakumAracarita 8/2 30ca0 pRSTha 79-80 /

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bAndhra-sAmrAjya / [215 sthAna aise haiM jinase pragaTa hotA hai ki vahAM pANDavAdi prAcIna mahApuruSa pahuMce the| dakSiNake ina tInoM rAjyoMmeM pANDya rAjya pradhAna thaa| rAja vakI apekSA hI nahIM balki sabhyatA pANDya raajy| aura saMskRti ke kAraNa pANDyavaMzako hI pramukha sthAna prApta hai| unakA eka dIrghakAlIna rAjya thA aura usameM unhoMne dezako khUba hI samRddhizAlI banAyA thaa| pANDyarAjya ati prAcIna kAla se romavAloM ke sAtha vyApAra karatA thA / kahA jAtA hai ki pAMDya rAjAne san 25 I0 pR0 meM agasTasa sIjarake darabAgmeM duta bheje the| yUMhI logoMke sAtha nama zramaNAcArya bhI yUnAna gaye the| yUnAnameM mAratIya kapar3ekI bahuta khapata thii| romana graMthakAra pITara vInasako isa bAtakA sandeha thaa| yUnAnI ramaNiyAM bhAratIya paridhAna pahanakara nirlajjatAkI doSI hotI haiN| vaha bhAratakI malamalako 'bunI huI pavana ' ke nAmase pukAratA hai| linI evaM anya yUnAnI lekhakoMne zikAyata kI hai ki yUnAnakA karor3oM rupayA vilAsitAkI vastuoMke mUlyameM yUnAnase bhArata calA jAtA hai / usa samaya ruI, Una aura rezamake kapaDe banate the| Unake vasroM meM sabase naphIsa cUhoMkI Una ginI jAtI thii| rezamake kapar3e tIsa prakArake the| sArAMza yaha ki pAMDya rAjatvakAlameM yahAM vidyA, kalA aura vijJAnakI khUba unnati huI thii| 1-jamIso0 bhA0 25 pRSTha 88-89|2-jmiiso0, bhA018 pR. 213|3-iNhikvaa0,bhaa02 pRSTha 293 / -kAbhAi0, pRSTa 287-288

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116.] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | pANDya rAjake samaya meM arthAt IsvI pUrva tIsarI zatAbdimeM pANDya dezameM pAnIkA sIlAva bhAyA pANDya vijaya / thA, jisameM kumArI aura paharU li nAmaka nadiyoMkA madhyavartI pradeza jala mana hogayA thaa| apanI isa kSatikI pUrti pANDya rAjane coka-cera rAjAoMke kunDura aura muttura nAmaka jiloMpara adhikAra jamAkara kI thI / isa vijaya ke kAraNa yaha pANDyarAja nIlantaru tiruvIra pANDyan kahalAye the / inhIMke samaya meM dvitIya 'saMgam sAhitya pariSada " huI thii| pANDayavaMzakI isa muLa zAkhA ke atirikta do anya zAkhAoMkA bhI patA calatA hai / IsvI bArukuruke pANDya / prathama zatAbdimeM madhurA pANDyavaMzake eka deva pANDya nAmaka rAjakumAra taulava dezAntargata bArukurumeM A base the| aura vahIM kisI jainIkI kanyAse unakA vyAha huA thA / kAlAntara meM vaha bArukuruko rAjadhAnI banAkara zAsanAdhikArI huye the / inake uttarAdhikArI inake bhAnaje bhUtAla pANDya the jo kadamba samrATke AdhIna rAjya karate the / isI samaya se pANDya dezameM nija putrake sthAnapara bhAnajeko uttarAdhikArI honekA niyama pracalita huA thA / bhUtAlake pazcAt kramazaH vidyumna pANDya (san 148 I0), vIra pANDya (san 262 I0 taka), citravIrya pANDya ( san 281 I0) devavIra pANTya 1 1- sAIje0 bhA0 1 pRSTha 38-39 / , Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat . www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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Andhra - sAmrAjya / [ 117 (san 290 I0), balavIra pANThya (san 316 I0) aura jayavIra pANDya (san 343 I0) ne rAjya kiyA thaa| isake Age isa pANDya vaMzakA patA nahIM calatA / ' pANDyavaMzakI eka dUsarI zAkhA kArakalameM rAjyAdhikArI thI / jisa samaya taulava dezakA zAsana kArakalake pANDya / kApiTTu heggaDe kara rahA thA, usa samaya prajA usake duHzAsanake kAraNa Uba gaI thIM / bhAgyavazAt kArakalame humbuccake zAsaka jinadattarAyake vaMzaja bhairava pANDya mUDabidrI tIrthakI yAtrA karake A nikale / dukhI prajAne unase jAkara apanI dukha gAthA kahI / bhairava pANDyane hegaDeko bulAkara samajhAyA, parantu usapara unake samajhAnekA kucha bhI asara nahIM huA / haThAt unhoMne hegaDeko yuddhameM parAsta karake usake pradezapara adhikAra jmaayaa| inake uttarAdhikArI kArakalameM Arahe aura nimnalikhita zAsakoMne vahAM rahakara rAjyazAsana kiyA thA / (1) pANDya devarasa yA pANDya cakravartI, (2) lokanAtha devarasa, (3) vIra pANDya devarasa, (4) rAmanAtha bharasa, (5) bhairarasa joDeya, (6) vIra pANDya bhairarasa oDeya, (7) abhinava pANDyadeva, (8) hiriya bhairavadeva oDeba, (9) immaDi bhairavarAya, (10) pAMDayappa oDeba, (11) immaDi bhaigvarAba, (12) rAmanAtha aura (13) vIra pANDya | 1 - jaisibhA0 bhA0 3 kiraNa 3 pRSTha 92 / 2- pUrva0 pRSTha 93 / >

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118] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| pANDyarAjyameM usa samaya dhArmika sahiSNutA bhI pracuramAtrAmeM vidyamAna thii| 'maNimekhale' nAmaka dhrm| tAmika mahAkAvyameM eka sthala para eka nagarake varNanameM kahA gayA hai ki 'pratyeka dharmAlayakA dvAra hara bhakta ke liye khulA rahanA cAhiye / pratyeka dharmAcAryako apane siddhAMtoM kA pracAra aura zAstrArtha karane denA caahiye| isa taraha nagarameM zAMti aura AnaMda bar3hane diijiye|" yahI bajaha thI ki usa samaya brAhmaNa, jaina aura bauddha tInoM dharma pracalita horahe the| logoMmeM jaina mAnyatAyeM khUba ghara kiye huye thIM, yaha bAta 'maNimekhale' aura ' zIlappadhikAram ' nAmaka mahAkAvyoMke par3hanese spaSTa hojAtI hai / 'maNimekhale meM brAhmaNoMkI yajJazAlAoM, jainoMkI mahAna palliyoM (hermitages), zavoMke vizrAmoM aura bauddhoMke saMghArAmokA sAtha-sAtha varNana milatA hai| yaha bhI ina kAvyoMse pragaTa hai ki pANDya aura cola rAjAoMne jaina aura bauddha dharmoko apanAyA thii| madhurA jaina dharmakA mukhya kendra thA / 'maNimekhalai' kA mukhya pAtra kobalana apanI patnI sahita 1-jaisAI0, pRSTha 29 / 2-busTa0, pRSTha 3 / 3-"It would appear that there was then perfoot religious toleration, Jainism advanoing so far as to be embraced by members of the royal family......The epics give one the improssion that there two (Jain & Buddhist) religions wore patronised by the Chola aswell 8a by the Pandym Kings."-sAijai0 pRSTha 46-47 /

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adha samA [ 119 jisa samaya madhurAko jArahA thA to mArgameM eka jainIne unheM sAvadhAna kiyA thA ki ve vahAM pahuMcakara kisI jIvako pIr3A na pahuMcAyeM aura na hiMsA kareM, kyoMki vahAM nirgrantha ( jainI ) ise pApa batAte haiM / puharanagarame jaba indrotsava huA to rAjAne saba hI sampradAyako nimaMtrita kiyaa| jainI bhI pahuMce aura apanA dharmopadeza diyA, jisake phalarUpa anekAneka manuSya jaina dharmameM dIkSita huai / 3 'zI padhikAram' kAvyase pragaTa hai ki usake mukhya pAtra madhurAkI yAtrA karane gaye the / madhurA usa samaya tIrtha samajhA jAtA thaa| vahAM pAsa meM aneka jaina guphAyeM thIM, jinameM jaina muni tapasyA kiyA karate the / 'mArAdhanA kathAkoSa' se pragaTa hai ki bha0 mahAvIrake uparAnta vahAM para eka suguptAcArya nAmake mahAn sAdhu huye the| u madurAkI yAtrAko calakara ve pAtra pahale jaina sAdhuoM kI eka 'palli' meM Thahare the| vahAM cikane saMgamaramarakA cabUtarA thA, jisapara se jainAcArya upadeza diyA karate the| unhoMne usakI parikramA de vandanA kii| vahAMse calakara unheM kAverI nadIke taTapara AryikAoM kA Azrama milA | devandhi mAryikA mukhya thI, vaha bhI unake sAtha holI / jaina AryikAoMkA prabhAva usa samaya tAmila strIsamAja meM khUba thaa| Age kAverIke bIca TApUmeM bhI unhoMne jaina sAdhuke darzana kiye| sArAMza yaha ki unheM Thaura- Thaurapara jaina muniyoM aura bhAyikAoMke darzana hote the / isase vahAM jainadharmakA bahu pracalita honA spaSTa hai / 1- sAI pRSTha 47-48 | 2 - jaisA0 pRSTha 29 / 3-mAka0 /

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120 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | cola rAjya / cola pradezakA nAma colamaNDala thA, jisakA apabhraMza koromaNDala hogyaa| usake uttara meM pennAra aura dakSiNa meM vellAru nadI thI / pazcimameM yaha rAjya kurgakI sImA taka pahuMcatA thA / arthAt isa rAjya meM madarAsa, maisUrakA bahutasA ilAkA aura pUrvIsAgara taTa - para sthita bahuta se anya briTiza jile mile hue the / prAcInakAla meM isa rAjya kI rAjadhAnI uIMUra ( purAnI tRcanApalI ) thI / aura taba isakA pazcima ke sAtha bahuta vistRta vyApAra thaa| tAmila logoMke jahAja bhAratamahAsAgara tathA baGgAlakI khAr3ImeM dUra-dUra taka jAte the / kAverIppumapaTTanam isa dezakA bar3A baMdaragAha thaa| colarAjAoMmeM pramukha kArikala nAmakA rAjA thA jisane laMkApara AkramaNa kiyA thA aura kAverIkA bAMdha bAMdhA thaa| isa rAjAkI nAma apekSA eka jinAlaya bhI sthApita kiyA gayA thA, jisase isa rAjAkA jainadharmapremI honA saSTha hai| pANDya aura cola rAjyoMke samAna hI cera athavA kerala rAjya thA / cera rAjAoMke itihAsa meM vizeSa ullekhanIya bAta yaha hai ki unake cera rAjya / rAjyakAla meM dehAMtakA zAsana adhikAMza prajAtantra niyamoMpara calAyA jAtA thA, jisakA prabhAva sAre rAjyapara par3A huA thA | gAMvoM meM bhinna bhinna sabhAyeM prabandha aura 1 -lAbhAi0 pRSTha 291-292 / 2- sAiMjai0, bhA0 2 pRSTha 38 /

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bhAndhra sAmrAjya [121 vicAra sambandhI adhikAroMkA upayoga karatI thiiN| eka samaya kogunADu pradeza bhI cera rAjyake antargata thA, jisameM vartamAnakA koimbaTUra jilA, salemakA dakSiNa-pazcimI bhAga, tricanApalI nilekA karUra tAluka aura madurA jilekA palanI tAluka garbhita thaa| ___ kavi bharunagirinAtharane koMgu dezapara cera adhikArakA ullekha kiyA hai / belulorake zilAlekhameM kokanuna ravi aura ravi koDe nAmaka cera rAjAoMkA ullekha hai| prAcInakAlameM cera rAjA ati pramAvazAlI the aura unakA sambandha uttara bhArata ke rAjAmoMse thaa| samrATa zreNikane eka kerala rAjAkI sahAyatA kI thI, yaha pahale likhA jA cukA hai| isase bhI pahale hastinApurake kururAjake sahAyakakoMgu aura karNATakake rAjA the| cera rAjatvakAlameM bhI dhArmika udAratA ullekhanIya thii| eka hI gharameM jaina aura zaiva sAtha-sAtha dhrm| rahate the| 'zIlappadhikAram' kAvyake kartA cera rAjakumAra ilanNevadigala jainI the, jabaki unake bhAI seMgutuvana eka zaiva the| to bhI usa samaya cera dezake nivAsiyoMmeM jaina dharmakA khUba hI pracAra thaa| IsvI pahalI-dusarI zatAbdimeM koMgu dezake pahale tIna cera rAjAbhoMke 1-lAbhAI0, pRSTha 292 / 2-jamIso0, mA0 21 pRSTha 39-40 / 3-'jahiM bamoTTajaTTajAlaMdhara mArubhaTakkakIrakhasabandhara / maraveyaMga kuMga verADivi gujaragoDalADakanADavi // ' -bhavisayattakahAe sUrAmaH sandhiH / 4-sAiMja., bhA. 1 pRSTha 46-47 /

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121] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / gurU jainAcArya the; balki pAMcavI zatAbdi taka usa vaMzake rAjA gurU jainI hI rahe / cera rAjA kumAra ilaGgako mAdigalake pitAmaha eka mahAvIra the| eka yuddhameM unakI pIThameM ghAtaka bhASAta phuNcaa| unhoMne apanA anta samaya nikaTa jAnakara sallekhanA vrata svIkAra kiyA thaa| - rAjakumAra ikangobarddha bhI jaina muni huye the| koMgu. deza bhaneka prAcIna sthAna aise haiM jinase prAcInakAlaye naina dharmakA bahu pracAra spaSTa hotA hai / vijiyamaGgalam nAmaka sthAnapara candraprabha tIrthaGkarakA eka jaina maMdira hai| usameM pAMcoM pANDavoMkI tathA bhagavAn RSabhadevakI bhI mUrtiyAM haiN| maMdirake pAMcaveM bar3e kamarece pattharameM AdIzvara bhagavAnakI jIvana ghaTanAyeM maGkita haiN| isa prakAra ina tInoM draviDa rAjyoMmeM prAcInakAlase jaina dharma pradhAna rahA thaa| ina rAjavaMzoMke rAjatvakA krama yaha thA ki pahale colarAja pradhAna the; unake bAda cera rAjAmoM kA prAvalya rahA / antameM pANDyarAja pramukha sattAdhIza huye| pANDayoMke uparAnta pallava, cAlukyAdikI pradhAnatA huI thI, jinakA itihAsa Age likhA jaaygaa| drAvir3a rAjAoMke rAjatvakAlameM tAmiLadezakA vyApAra bhI khuba unnatipara rahA thA / nissandeha dkssinnvyaapaar| bhAratakA vyApAra taba eka ora uttarabhAratase hotA thA to dUsarI ora yorupake dezoMse bhI 1-jaisAI0, pRSTha 29-30 va gaimaiku0, bhA0 1 pRSTha 370 / 2-jamIso0, bhA. 25 pRSTha 87-94 /

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Andhra sAmrAjya / [ 123 vahAMkA vyApAra khUba calatA thA / Ura (Ur) jaise prAcIna nagara ke dhvaMsAvazeSoMmeM jaitUnakI lakar3I milI hai jo malAbArase vahAM pahuMcI anumAna kI jAtI hai| sonA, motI, hAthIdAMta, cAMvala, mirca mora, laMgUra Adi vastuyeM dakSiNabhAratakI upaja thIM jo drAvir3a jahAjoM meM lAdakara vaivilana, mizra, yUnAna aura romako bhejI jAtIM thiiN| isa vyApArakA astitva IsvI pUrva 7 vIM yA 8 vIM zatAbdi se bhI pahalekA pramANita hotA hai| 1 romana sikke tAmilanADuse upalabdha hue haiM, jinase tAmiLa deza meM pazcimAtya vyApAriyoMkA astitva siddha hotA hai| unheM loga 'yavana' kahate the aura ina yavanoMkA ullekha kaI tAmila kAvyoM meM hai tAmiLarAjAgaNa ina videziyoMko apanI phauja meM bharatI karate the aura unake AtmarakSaka bhI yaha hote the| kAverIppumapahanammeM ina yavanakA eka upaniveza thA / ' tAmiloMkA rahana-sahana aura dainika jIvana sIdhA-sAdA thA / unakI pozAka samAjameM vyaktigata pratiSThA aura maryAdAke anusAra bhinna-bhinna thI / madhyazreNI ke loga bahudhA do vastra dhAraNa karate the / eka vastrako ve apane sirase lapeTa lete the aura dUsareko kamarase bAMdha lete the| sainikaloga baradI pahanate the / saradAra loga mausamake anukUla vastra pahanate the| lar3akoMkI zAdI 16 varSakI umra meM aura lar3akiyoMkI 12 varSakI avasthA meM hotI thI ! vivAha ke liye yahI umra ThIka samajhI jAtI thI ! mRta vyaktiyoMke dAhasthAnoMpara 1 - hibArU0 pRSTha 198.... / 2 - jamIso0 bhA0 18 pRSTha 213 / saMskRti |

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124] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / maMdira aura niSadhi banAne kA bhI rivAja thaa| saMgrAmameM vIragatiko prApta huye yoddhAoMkI smRtisvarUpa 'vIrapASANa' banAye jAte the jo 'vIragala' kahalAte the aura unapara lekha bhI rahate the| tAmila jAtiyoMke rAjanaitika niyama bhI bhAdarza the| rAjAko rAjyaprabandhameM sahAyatA karane aura ThIkarAjanaitika prbNdh| ThIka vyavasthA karAne ke liye pAMca prakA kI sabhAyeM thIM arthAt (1) maMtriyoMkI sabhA, (2) purohitoMkI samA, (3) sainika adhikAriyoMkI sabhA, (4) rAjadutoMkI sabhA aura (5) guptacaroMkI sabhA / ina sabhAoMmeM kucha -sadasya janatAke bhI rahate the| usapara paNDitoM aura sAmAnya vidvAnoMko adhikAra thA ki jisa samaya cAheM apanI sammati pragaTa kreN| ___ uparokta sabhAoMmeM pahalI samAkA kArya mahakame mAla aura dIvAnIkA prabandha karanA thaa| dUsarI samA sabhI dhArmika saMskAroMko sampanna karAne ke liye niyukta thii| tIsarI sabhAkA kartavya jisakA nAyaka senApati hotA thA, senAkI samucita vyavasthA rakhanA thaa| zeSa do samAoM ke sadasya rAjAko saMdhi-vigrahAdi viSayaka parAmarza dete the| gAMvoMke prabandhake liye 'gAMva paMcAyateM' thiiN| nyAya niHzulka diyA jAtA thA-mAjakalakI taraha usake liye 'korTaphIsa' meM 'sTAmpa' nahIM lagatA thaa| daNDa vyavasthA kar3I thI-isI kAraNa aparAdha bhI kama hote the| 1-jamIso0 mA0 18 pRSTha 214 / 2-lAsAi0 pRSTha 289 va namoso. bhA. 18 pRSTha 214-215 /

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bhA svatatrata bhAndhra sAmrAjya [ 125 tAmila rAjAoMke samayameM zikSAkA khUba pracAra thaa| striyAM bhI svataMtratApUrvaka vidyAdhyayana karatI saahity| bhii| unameM kaI striyAM acchI kaviyatrI thiiN| vidvattA bhI kevala ucca varNake. logoM taka sImita na thii| harakoI apanI buddhi-kauzalakA pradarzana kara sakatA thA / ucca koTike sAhityakA nirmANa ThIka ho aura sAhitya pragatiko protsAhana mile, isaliye eka 'saMgham ' nAmakI sabhA sthApita thI; jisameM udbhaTa vidvAn aura rAjA racanAmoMkI samAlocanA karake unheM pramANatA dete the| isa saMdhamkAlake lagabhaga pacAsa anUThe tAmika graMtha Ajataka upalabdha haiM jo itihAsake liye mahatvakI cIna haiN| jainAcArya bhI isa 'saMgham' meM bhAga lete the aura tAmilakA Arambhika sAhitya adhikAMza jainAcAryokA RNI hai / pANDya rAjA 'pANDiyana urga peru valuDi' ne isa saMgham sabhAmeM ullekhanIya bhAga liyA thaa| unhIM ke samakSa tAmilakA prasiddha kAvya 'kurala' saMghammeM upasthita kiyA gayA thA aura svIkRta humA thA / usa samaya 48 mahAkavi vidyamAna the / 'kurala' jainAcAryakI racanA hai, yaha hama Age pragaTa kreNge| usa samaya eka tAmila kaviyitrI anavaiyyAra nAmaka thii| usane rAjAkI prazaMsAmeM eka suMdara racanA racI thii| tAmila rAjyameM vaidikadharma aura bauddhadharmake atirikta jainadharma 1-ThAmAi0 pRSTha 289-290 va jamIso0 bhA0 18 pRSTha 215 // 2-mamamAnaismA* pRSTha 1.5 /

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dakSiNa bhAratakA jain-sNgh| jainiyoM meM saMka-paramparA mati pAcIna hai| bena sAmroMse patA calatA hai ki mAvi tIrthakara RSajaina-saMghakI prAcInatA bhadevake samayameM hI usakA janma aura hogayA thA / RSabhadeva saMghameM muni, usakA svruup| mAryikA. zrAvaka aura prAvikA, saMmilita the| vaha saMgha vimita gaNoMmeM vibhAjita thA, yaha bAta isase pramANita hai ki zAstroMmeM RSa. bhadevake kaI gaNagharoMkA ullekha hai' parantu una gaNoMmeM paraspara koI mArmika bheda nahIM thaa| unakA pRthak mastitva kevala saMgha vyavasthAkI suvidhAke liye thaa| jaina-saMghakI yaha vyavasthA, mAlama hotA hai bhagavAna mahAvIrake samaya taka akSuNNa rUpase calI mAI thI, kyoMki jaina evaM bauddha granthoMse yaha pragaTa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrakA apanA 1-RSamadevake 84 gaNadharoMkA astitva sabhI janI mAnate haiN| dekho jaieM0, mA0 2 pR. 81|2-suu0................ bhama0 pRSTha 113-121 / 3-bauddhaprantha 'dIdhanikAya' meM ma. mahAvIrake viSayameM eka ullekha nimnaprakAra hai: "mayam deva nigaMTho nAtapuco saMgho ceva gaNI ca gaNAcAryoM ca jJAto yasassI, titthakaro sAdhu sammato bahujanassa rattassa cirapadhvajito bhaddhagato vayoanupattA // " (bhA0 1 pR048-49)| isa ullekha meM nitha jJAtaputra (bha. mahAvIra ) ko saMghakA netA bhaura gaNAcArya likhA hai, jisase spaSTa hai ki bha0 mahAvIrakA saMgha thA aura usameM gaNa bhI the|

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130] saMkSita jaina itihAsa / saMgha thA jo kaI gaNoMmeM viSakta thA / indrabhUti gautama Adi gyAsa gaNavA una gaNoM kI sAra-saMbhAla karate the| kintu prazna yaha hai ki isa pAcIna saMghakA bAhya bheSa aura kriyAyeM kyA thI ? kheda hai ki isa panA pUrNa aura yathArtha uttara denA eka prakArase masaMbhava hai, kyoMki aise. koI bhI sAdhana upalabdha nahIM hai jinase usa prAcIna kAlakA prAmANika mora pUrNa paricaya prApta hoske| parantu taumI svayaM digambare evaM zvetAmbara jaina zastroM aura brAhmaNa evaM bauddha granthoM tathA bhAratIya purAtatve pe yaha spaSTa hai ki prAcIna-bhagavAna 1-mahApurANa, uttarapugaNa, tathA mULAcArAdi grantha dekhiye| 2-'kalpasUtra' meM likhA hai ki ma0RSabhadeva uparAnta yathAbAta-janameSa meM rahe the aura yahI bAta bha. mahAvIra ke viSaya meM usa granthameM likhI huI hai| 3-'bhAgavata' meM RSabhadevako digambara sAdhu likhA hai / (mama0 pRSTha 38) jAvAllopaniSad Adi itara upaniSadoMmeM 'yathAjAtarUpadhara nigrantha' sAdhuoM kA ullekha hai / (dimu.pR078) Rgveda (10/136), varAhamihira saMhitA (19 / 61) AdimeM bhI jaina muniyoMko nagna likhA hai| 4-mahAvagga 8,15,3 / 1,38,16, cullavagga 8,28,3, saMyuttanikAya 2,3,10,7. jAtakamAlA (S. B. B. I) pR0 14, divyAvadAna pR0 165, vizAkhApatthu-dhamma-pada-kathA (P. T. S., Vol. I) bhA0 2 pR0 384 ityAdi meM jaina muniyoMko nagna likhA hai| 5-mohanajodaroke sarva prAcIna purAtatvameM zrI RSabhadeva jaisI baika cinhayukta khaDgAsana nagna martiyAM mudrAoMpara maMkita haiM (bhAri0 agasta 1932) mauryakAlako prAcIna marti magna hI hai (simA0 bhA0 3 pR. 17) /

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dakSiNa bhAratakA jaina saMgha / ( 131 mahAbIra se bhI prAcIna jaina saMgha ke sAdhu nama - yathAjAtarUpameM rahate the- vaha anaudezika bhojana dinameM ekavAra karate the - nimaMtraNa svIkAra nahIM karate the--janopakAra meM tallIna rahate the| bastI me bahuta dUra ekAMtavAsa karate the / ' zrAvaka aura vikAyeM unakI bhakti vaMdanA karate the unameM pramukha mahApuruSoMkI ve mUrtiyAM aura niHpadhikArye - banAkara unakI bhI pUjA kiyA karate the tI zrAvaka zveta bastra pahanA karate the| saMghakI yaha rUparekhA thI / dakSiNa bhAratIya jaina saMgha / dakSiNa bhAratameM yadi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva dvArA hI jainadharmakA pracAra hogayA thA / yaha pahale likhA jA cukA hai| aura cUMki RSabhadeva svayaM digambara bheSameM rahe the, isaliye dakSiNa bhAratIya jaina saMgha ke sAdhugaNa bhI unhIM kI 4 taraha na bheSameM vicarate the| dakSiNa bhAratakI prAcIna mUrtiyoMse yahI pragaTa hai ki usa samaya ke jaina sAdhugaNa nama rahate the / ve sAdhugaNa apane prAcIna nAma 'zramaNa' se prasiddha the aura jaina saMgha ' nirgranthasaMgha' kahalAtA thA / * tAmilake prAcIna kAvyoMse spaSTa hai ki unake racanAkAlameM digambara jaina dharma hI dakSiNa bhArata meM pracalita thA / vidvAnoMkA mata hai ki samrAT candragupta maurdhyake guru zrutakevalI bhadra1- bhamabu0 pR0 61-65 / 2 - bhamabu0 pR0 60-61 / 3 - mame jaismA0 pRSTha 15, 41, 12, 61, 69, 74 va 107; kaca0 bhUmikA va citra dekho| 4 - sAIje pR0 47 va jaisAI0 pR0 40 / / ma0 mahAvIra ke saMtrake sAdhAraNataH prAcIna jaina

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112] saMkSita jaina itihaas| .. bAhujIke sAtha hI jaina dharmakA praveza dakSiNa bhAratameM humA; parantu jena mAnyatA ke anusAra dakSiNa bhAratakA jaina saMgha utanA hI prAcIna thA, jitanA ki uttara bhAratakA jaina saMgha thaa| yahI vajaha thI ki uttarameM akAla par3ane para dharmarakSAke bhAvase bhadrabAhu svAmI apane saMghako lekara dakSiNa bhAratako cale Aye the| unakA hI saMgha jJAtarUpameM dakSiNakA pahalA digambara jaina saMgha pramANita hotA hai| isake pahale gaura kauna-kauna jena saMgha the, isakA patA lagAnA isa samaya duSkara hai| yaha saMgha muni, mAryikA, zrAvaka aura zrAvikArUpa cAroM akoMmeM baMTA humA muvyavasthita thaa| drAvir3a logoMmeM isakI khUba hI mAnyatA thii|' vidvAnoMkA mata hai ki drAvir3a loga prAyaH nAgajAtike vaMzaja the| jisa samaya nAgarAjAbhoMkA zAsanAdhikAra dakSiNa bhAratapara thA, usa samaya nAgalogoMke bahutase rIti-rivAja aura saMskAra drAvir3oMmeM ghara kara gaye the| nAgapUjA unameM bahu pracalita thii| jaina tIrthaMkaroM meM do supAzva aura pArthakI mUrtiyAM nAgamUrtiyoMkA &-" The fact that the Jaina community had a perfect organisation behind it shows that it was not only popular but that it had taken deep root in the soil. The whole community, we learn from the opics, was divided into two sections, the Sravakas or laymen and the Munis or ascetics. The privilege of entering the monastery was not denied to women and both men and women took vows of celibacy." -13. P. 49.

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dakSiNa bhAratakA jain-sNgh| [133 sAdRzya rahatI thIM aura jainoMkI pUjApraNAlI bhI ati sarala thI ! drAvir3oMne usako sahaja meM hI apanA liyA thA : jainoM kI caraNa-. ciha pUjA bhaura niSadhi sthApana prathAkA bhI una logoMgara asara par3A thA: pariNAma svarUpa isa prAcIna kAlameM jainI uparAnta I0 chaDI sAtavIM zatAbdise kahIM jyAdA sammAnya aura pratiSThita the| tAmika mahAkAvyoMse tatkAlIna jaina saMghakI kriyAyoM kA ThIka paricaya milatA hai / unase pragaTa hai ki jaina saMghakI ruuprekhaa| nigrantha AdhugaNa pramoM aura nagaroMka bAhara palliyoM yA vihAroM meM rahate the, jo zItala chAyAse yukta bhaura lAla raMgase punI huI UMcI dIgaloMse yeSTita the| unake mAge choTe-choTe bagIce bhI hote the| unake maMdira tigaho aura caurAhoM para bane hote the| unake bhagne pleTa kArma bane huye the jina parase yaha dhamogdeza diyA karate the| una vihAroM ke sAtha sAtha ho AyikAoM ke vizrAma bhI huA karate the| jinase pragaTa hai ki tAmila lI yamAjayA jainI bhaayikaamoN| kAphI prabhAva thaa| coloMkI rAjadhAnI kAverImapaTTinam, tathA kAverI taTapa sthita jagyu meM ullekhanIya bastiyAM aura vihAra ye| madurA jaina saMghakA kendra thaa| vahAM sanikaTa guphAoM jaina .. 1-sAIna pR0 48-49; jaisAI pR0 128.... *-upAdhyAyoMke zikSAzramoM aura nAyikAoM ke vizrAmoMkA ullekha zAstroMmeM bhI hai| (upu* kaca0) 2-mAiM0, mA* 1 pR. 47 /

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134] saMkSita jaina itihAsa / muniyoM bhAvAsakA patA calatA hai| ve munigaNa digambara mUrtiyokI vaMdanA karate the, yaha bAta una guphAmoMmeM milI huI pratimAboMse ruSTa hai / tAmiLa kAvyoMse pragaTa hai ki tabake nainI mahat bhagavAnakI bhavya mUrtikI pUjA kiyA karate the| vaha mUrti aksara tIna satroMse nI. azoka vRkSase maMDila padmAsana huA karatI thii| ke jainI digambara the, yaha unake varNanase spaSTa hai tathA ve rAjyamAnya "maNimekhale " kAmase jaina siddhAMta ke usa samaya pracalita rUpakA bhI digdarzana hotA hai| usameM jaina sidaaNt| likhA hai ki "manimekhalAne nigaMTa (nirgandha) se pUchA ki tumhAre deva kauna haiM aura tumhAre dharmazAstroMme kyA likhA hai ! usane yaha bhI pUchA ki loka meM padArTIkI utpatti aura vinAza kisa taraha hotA hai! usameM nigaTa ne batAyA ki unake deva indrodvArA pUjya hai aura unake batAye huye dharmaza stroMmeM ina viSayoM kI vivecana hai| dharma, bhadharma, kAla, mAkAza, jIva, zAsvata paramANu, puNya, pApa, inake dAga racita karmabaMdha aura isa karmabaMdhase mukta honekA mArga / padArtha apane hI svamAse athavA para padArthoM ke saMyogavartI prabhAvAnusAra bhaniva mathavA nitya haiN| eka aNamAtrake samaya meM unakI tInoM dazA 1-mamevAjasmA., . 1.7||2-saaiN0, mA0 1 pR. 48 / "That these Jains were the Digamlaras is dearly seen from their description."-SIJ. P. 48 3-sAInai0, mA0 1 pR. 50-51 /

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dakSiNa bhAratakA jn-sNy| satpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya honAtI haiN| hare caneko aura cIna ke sAtha milAkara miTha I banAlI gaI parantu canekA svabhAva yahAM naSTa nahIM humA, yadyapi usakA rUpa badala gayA ! dharmadavya hara Thaura hai aura vaha pratyeka vastuko vyavasthita rItime hamezA calAne meM kAraNa hai| isI saraha adharmadravya pratyeka padArthako sthira rakhane meM kAraNa hai aura sarva vinAzako rokatA hai| kAla kSaNI aura sAmroma bhI hai| AkAza mana padArthoM ko sthAna detA hai / jIva eka zarIrameM praveza karake pAMca indriyoM dvArA cakhatA, saMvatA, chUnA, sunatA aura dekhatA hai| eka maNu zarIrUpa athavA anyarUpa ( aneka parama NuoMsa milakara) ho mAtA hai| puNya aura pApamaI ko zrotako rokanA, saMcita kokA pariNAma bhugatA denA aura sarva bandhanoM mukta hojAnA mekSA hai|" cainasiddhAMukA yaha rUpa ThIka vaisA hI hai jaisA ki bhAja vaha mila macchA to, yahAM ke vivecana me yaha spaSTa hai ki dakSiNa mAra tameM digambara jainadharma hI prAcInakAlase vetAmpara jainii| pracalita thA aura usakI mAnyatA bhI janasamudAyameM vizeSa thii| kintu prazna yaha hai ki zvetAmbara sampradAyake jenI dakSiNa bhAratameM kaba phuNce| isa praznakA uttara dene ke liye jaina saMghake ina donoM sampadAyoMkA utpattikAla hameM smaraNa rakhanA caahie| yaha sarvamAnya hai ki mainasaMpaye * medakI jar3a mauryakAlameM hI par3a gaI thii| uttarabhAratameM rahe huye saMpameM zikgicAra praveza kara gayA thA maura usa saMpake sAdhunone

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116] saMlita jaina inihaas| pahananA bhI bhArambha kara diyA / kintu jaba prAcIna mavavAha saMbake nama sAdhugaNa uttamme bhAye to bhApa meM saMgharSa upasthita humaa| samajhaute ke prayatna huye parantu samajhautA na huaa| duSkAlameM zikA. cArako prApta huye sAdhuNoMne apanI mAnyatAoMkA poSaNa karanA prAra. mbha kara diyaa| zurU meM unhoMne eka khaMDavastra tI majjA nivAraNa liye dhAraNa kiyA-vaise baha rahe prAcIna namavepameM hii| mathugake pugatatvameM kaha nAmaka eka muni apane hAthapara eka khaNDabala sTakAye huye nama bheSako chupa te eka mAyAgapaTa meM darzana gaye hai| dhIre dhare jaise samaya bar3hatA gayA yaha matabheda aura mI sarogayA gaura Akhira isvI pahalI zatAbdimeM jaina saMghameM digambara bora zvetAmbara meda viskula spaSTa hogaye.' yahI kAraNa hai ki dakSiNa bhAratake prAcIna sAhitya aura pugatatva meM hameM zvApara saMpadAyakA ballekha nahIM milatA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki maurya naTU sampatine dakSiNa bhAratameM jainadharma kA pracAra karAyA thA; pAntu yaha nahIM kahA AsakkA ki usa dharmakA rUpa kyA thA ? hamAre khyAlase yaha vahI honA cAhiye mo uparokta tAmila kAvya citrita kiyA gayA hai| yadi vaha dharma tAmila kAvyoMme banina dharmase bhinna thA, to kahanA hogA ki sampati dvArA bheje gaye dho dezakoMko dakSiNameM saphalatA nahIM milI thii| zvetAmbarIya zAstroMse pagaTa hai ki kAkAcArya paThanake rAjAke guru the jisakA artha yaha hotA hai ki vaha mAna dezataka pahuMce 1-jaistu pRSTha 24-paMTa naM. 17 / 2-saMha, bhA. 2khaMDa 2 pR. 75-78 / . - - -

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dakSiNa bhAratakA jaina saMgha / the| uparAMta IsvI pahalI dUsarI zatAbdi zvetAzvarIyapAdavisA cArya mahakher3ataka pahuMce the; kintu yaha nahIM kahA jAsakatA ki vaha apanA mata phailAne meM kahAMtaka saphala huye the| IsvI pAMcavIM zatA bdike eka tAmrapatrake lekhameM pahale pahale zvetAmbara jaina saMpakA bala milatA hai| parantu isake bAda phira unakA koI nahIM miltaa| : zrI bhadrabAhu zrutakevIke bahuprasiddha saMghake uparAMta zAstrati hameM dakSiNa pathake usa digambara jainasaMghakA patA calatA hai, jo zrIdharasenAcAryajIke samaya meM mahimA nagarImeM saMmi lita huA thA / yaha nagarI vartamAva satArA jilekA ' mahimAnagar3ha ' nAmaka gAMva pragaTa hotA hai| isa saMghane parAmarza karake ma.pradezastha veNyAta nagara se do sakaLakaLA pAragAmI evaM tIkSNabuddhike dhAraka muni puMgayoko zrIdharasenAcAryajIke niphTa zruta adhyayana ke liye mejA thA / zrIdharasenAcArya usa samaya saurASTra ke prasiddha nagara girinagara ke nikaTa caMdraguphA meM birAjamAna the| uparokta donoM ziSyoM ke nAma unhoMne kramazaH bhUtabali aura puSpadaMta khakhe the aura unhoMne unako 'mahAkarmaprakRtiprAbhRta' nAmaka grantha bhI par3hA diyA thA / uparAMta zrIdharasenAcAryajIne una donoM bAbAyako bidA kiyA, jinhoMne aMkalezvara (maroMca jilA) meM jAkara varSAkALa vyatIta kiyA / 1- jehi0 bhA0 14 pR0 224 / zrIdharasenAcArya aura suta-uddhAra / 1230 yn

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8. saMkSiAjana itihaasH| garbhAyogako samApta karake tathA jinakAlita ko dekha kara pugatAcArya banavAsa dezako cale gaye aura mRtabalinI drAmila (drAvir3a) dezako prasthAna kara gaye / isake bAda puSpadaMtAcArya ne jinapAlinakodI kA dekara, vIsa sUtroM (viMzati parUraNAtmaka satroM) kI racanA kara aura ve sUtra jinapAlitako par3hAkara use bhagavAna bhUtaba like pAsa bhejaa| unhoMne jinapAlitAra una vIsa sUtroM ko dekhA aura use alpAyu bAnakara zratakSAka bhAvase unhoMne 'SaT khaNDAgama' nAmaka graMthakI racanA kii|' hA samaya zrI bhUtabali AcArya saMbhavataH dakSiNa madurAmeM virAjamAna the|' ' isa taraha isa SaTkaNDAgamazrunake mUla maMtrakAra bhI barddhamAna mahAvIra, anutaMtrakAra gautamasvAmI aura upataMtrakAra bhUtabali-puSpadantAdi bhAcAryoM ko samajhanA cAhiye / ' unhoMne dakSiNa bhArata ke pradhAna nagaroMmeM rahakara atajJAnakI rakSA kI thI / dakSiName hI zrI guNadharAcAryane ' kasAya pAhuDa' nAmaka granthamahArNavakA sAra khIMca kara pravacana vAtsalyakA paricaya diyA gaa| ye sUtragAthAyeM bhAcArya-paramparAse calakara mAryamaMkSu aura nAgaistI nAmake bhAcAryoM ko prApta huI thI aura una donoM AcAyose una gAthAoM kA bhale prakAra bhartha manakara yatiSamAcAryane una para pUrNisUtroM kI racanA kI, jinakI saMkhyA chaha hajAra zloka-parimANa hai| uparokta donoM satragranthoM ko lekara hI una para 'dhavalA' aura * jayapavalA ' nAmaka TokAyeM racI gaI thiiN| isapakAra dakSiNa mAra. , -simA0, 3 kiraNa 4 pRSTha 125-128 / 2-tAvatAra kapA, paSTha 20 va saMjaii. bhA0 2 khaMDa 2 pRSTha 02 / 2-simA, mA. 3 kiraNa 1 pRSTha 131 /

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dakSiNa bhAratakA na-saMgha (-139 ke jaina saMgha dvArA jJAnakA saMrakSaNa aura pravartana huA thA / ye grantha avataka dakSiNa bhAratake mUDhabidrI nAmaka sthAnameM surakSita haiM; parantu aba unakA thor3A bahuta pracAra uttara bhArata meM bhI hocalA hai / zrI indranaMdi kRta 'sAgara' ke AdhArase yaha bAta hama pahale ghaTanA ke samaya saMgha-bheda / (siMha) aura 1 hogayA the| ye vibhAga zrI mahU ki AcArya dvArA kiye gaye the, parantu inameM koI siddhAMtabheda nahIM thaa| yaha mAtra saMgha upasthAkI suvidhA ke liye mastitvameM lAye gaye pratIta hote haiN| zimogA jileke nagarataH llura meM hUnaca sthAna se prApta zaka saM0 999 ke likhe huye kanaDI zilAlekha ( naM0 35) se bhI spaSTa hai ki bhadrabAhusvAmI ke bAda yahAM kalikA kA praveza huA thA aura usI samaya gaNabheda utpanna huA thaa| arthAt jainasaMtra kaI upasaMghoM yA gaNoMmeM baMTa gayA thaa| yaha isa samapaMkI eka vizeSa ghaTanA thI / hI pragaTa kara cuke haiM ki isa jainasaMgha naMdi, deva, sena, bIra bhadra nAmaka upasaMghoM meM vibhakta uparAnta zrI bhadrabAhu svAmIkI paramparAye anekAneka lokamAnya, jJAna-vijJAna pAragAmI aura dharmaprabhAvaka nirmeya AcArya huye the / una meMse isa kAlase sambandha rakhanevAle. katipaya mAcAryoM kA saMkSipta paricaya yahAM para diyA jAnA manubhyukta mUla saMgha / 1 - saM0, mA0 2 khaMDa 2 pRSTha 72-73 | 2 - ".... bhadrabAhusvAmIgalindazatta kalikALavarttaneyiM gaNabhedaM pudid...." -ratrA0 jIvanI pRSTha 193

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110] ... saMtima jaina tihaas| nahIM hai / parantu sAtha hI hameM yaha bhI dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye ki zrI mahali bhAcArya dvArA upayukta prakAra upasaMgha sthApanA honepara nigraMtha saMgha uparAnta saMbhavataH una mAcAryazrI nAma apekSA 'balAtkAra-- gaNa' ke nAmase prasiddha huA thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki isI samaya girinAra parvata para tIthakI vaMdanA pahale yA pIche karaneke panako kara digambara aura zvetAmbaroMmeM bAda upasthita huA thaa| digabaroMne vahAM para sthita sarasvatI devI kI mUrtike mukhase karUyA kara apanI prAcInatA aura mahattA sthApita kI thii| isI kAraNa unakA saMgha mUlasaMgha sarasvatI gaccha ke nAmase prasiddha hogayA maa|' isake bAda mUla saMghameM zrI kuMdakuMda nAmake eka mahAn bhAcArya 1-10, bhA. 20 pR0 342 / digambarAmAyakI ina mAnyatAoMkA nAdhAra kevaLa madhyakAlIna 'paTTAliyAM haiN| isI kAraNa ina mAnyatAmoMko pUrNatayA pramANika mAnanA kaThina hai| parantu sAtha hI yaha bhI eka pati mAhasakA kAma hogA, padi hama inako sarvathA avizvasanIya kahA~, kyoMki inameM jo prAkRta gAthAyeM dI gaI hai vaha inakI mAnyatAoM kI prAcIna puSTa karatI haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki haoNna sA ne bhI ina pahAliyoMko sarvathA asvIkRta nahIM kiyA thaa| yadi thor3I dera ke lie hama ina paTTAyaliyokI mAnyatAmoMko kapokapAlpata boSita karadeM, to phira vaha kaunase pramANa aura sAvana hoMge jinake mAdhArase hama 'masaMgha, sarasvatIgana, balAtkAragaNa, kundakundAnvaya' mAdi sambandhI vivaraNa upasthita kara sakeMge ! isaliye hamAre vicArase ina pahAvAvyoMko hameM usa samaya taka avazya mAnya karanA cAhiye jabataka ki unakA varNana anya kAra banyathA siddha na hojAya /

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dakSiNa bhAratakA jain-sNgh| [1956 huye the| unhoMne saMgharSa navamIbana DAlA thaa| isIliye mUla-saMghale sAdhugaNa apaneko 'kundakundAnvayI' ghoSita karane meM gauravakA ganu. bhava mAja paryaMta karate bhAye haiN| yaha bAta bhagavAna kundakavasvAmIke vyaktitvakI mahAnatAko pragaTa karaneke liye paryApta hai| aise mAcAryapravarakA saMkSipta paricaya pAThakoMko avazya rucikara hogA-Aive, usakI eka jhAMkI yahAM le dekheN| mAtra jena-saMghameM aMtima tIrthaMkara bha. mahAvIra barddhamAna aura gaNadhara gautamasvAmIke uparAMta bhagavAna bha0 kundkundaacaary| kundakundako hI smaraNa karanekI pari-- pATI pracalita hai| jisase kuMdakuMdasvAmIke AsanakI uccatA spaSTa hotI haiN| zilAlekhoMmeM unakA nAma koNDakuMda likhA milatA hai, jisakA udgama drAvir3a bhASAse hai| usIkA zrutimadhurarUpa saMskRta sAhityameM kuMdakuMda pracalita hai|' kahate haiM ki ina bhAcAryapravarakA yathArtha nAma padmanaMdi thA, parantu vaha kuMdakuMda, vakragrIva, ekAcArya aura gRddhapiccha nAmoMse bhI prasiddha the| vaha kuMDakuMda nAmaka sthAnake adhivAsI the, isI kAraNa vaha 1-"maMgalaM bhagavAna vIro, maMgalam gautamo gaNI / maMgalaM kundakundAdyaH, jainadharmo'stu maMgalam // " 2-jaina zilAlekhasaMgraha (mA0 aM0) bhUmikA dekho| 3-ekA0 mA0 2 naM0 64, 66, iMai0 mA0 23 pRSTha 126 / vakragrIva aura gRpiccha nAmake dUsare bhAcArya milate haiM / isaliye kundakundasvAmIke ye donoM nAma vidvAnoM dvArA asvIkRta hai| isI taraha unakA videha-gamana bhI saMdigdha dRSTise dekhA jAtA hai|'

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142] sahita jaina itihaas| . koNDakuMdAcArya nAmase prasiddha hue the| 'bomAbhUta' meM kundakundasvAmIne apaneko zrI bhadrabAhusvAmIkA zivya likhA hai|' 'puNyAzrA kathA' graMthase spaSTa hai ki dakSiNa bhArata ke pithanADU prAMtameM kurumaraya nAmaka gAMva thA, jisameM karamuNDa nAmaka eka mAladAra seTa rahatA thaa| usakI patnI zrImatI thii| unhIMke kokhase bhagavAna koNDa kundakA janma hubhA thA / vaha janmase atizaya kSayopazamako liye huye thA / aura yuvA hote hote vaha eka prakANDa paNDita hogaye the| koNDakundakA gRhastha jIvana kaisA rahA yaha kucha jJAta nahIM; parantu -munidIkSA lenepara vaha padmanandi nAmase prasiddha huye the-bhAcArya rUpameM yahI unakA yathArtha nAma thA / padmanandi svAmI mahAn jJAnavAna the-usa samaya unakI samakoTikA koI bhI vidvAna na thaa| videhastha zrImaMdharasvAmIke samavazaraNameM unako sarvazreSTha sAdhu ghoSita kiyA gayA thA aura vaha svayaM videha dezako zrImaMdharasvAmIkI vaMdanA karake jJAna prApta karane gaye the| zivakumAra nAmaka koI nRpa unake ziSya the| unhoMne bhAratameM jaina dharmakA khUba hI udyota kiyA thaa| unakA samaya IsvI prathama zatAbdike lagabhaga thA / drAviDa saMghase bhI unakA sambandha thaa| mAkhira vaha dakSiNake hI nara sna the| kahate haiM ki unhoMne 84 pAhur3a graMthoM kI racanA kI thI; parantu vizeSake liye pro. e0 ena0 upAdhye dvArA sampAdita "pravacanasAra" kI aMgrejI bhUmikA tathA paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtArakI usakI samAlocanA (jaisibhA0 mA0 3 pR0 53) dekhanA cAhie / 1-pro0 cakravartIne inheM pallavaMzake zivaskandhakumAra nRpa batAyA hai| -prasA0 bhUmikA pR0 20 / - -

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dakSiNa bhAratA jaina sNdh| . usa samaya unake race hue nimnalikhita graMtha miste hai (1) dazabhakti, (2) daMsaNapAhuda, (3) cAritapAhui. (1) satapAr3a, (5) voSapAhur3a, (6) mAvarAhur3a. (7) mekhapAhura (6) liGga'hur3a, (9) zIlapAhu (10) gyaNasAra, (11) bArama maNuaksA, (12) niyamasAra, (13, pazAsikAyasAra, (11) samakasAra, (15) prvcnsaar| bhI kundakundAcArya ke uparokta saba hI anya prAkRta bhASA, race gaye the aura digambara jaina saMpake liye kurl| eka amulya nidhi haiN| kintu ina AcAryane tAmilabhASAmeM bhI grantharacanA kI thI, kintu . kheda hai ki isa samaya unakI koI bhI tAmila-racanA upalabdha nahIM hai| alabattA tAmilake apUrva nItigraMtha 'kurala' ke viSayameM kahA jAtA hai ki vaha zrI kunkundAcAryakI hI racanA hai| tAmila loga isa granthako apanA 'veda' mAnate haiM aura vaha hai bhI sarvamAnya / zaiva, vaiSNava, jaina, bauddha-saba hI usakI zikSAse prabhAvita huye the aura saba hI use apanA pavitra grantha pragaTa karate haiM;parantu vidvAnoMne gaharI zodhake pazcAt use zrI kundakundasvAmIkI hI racanA ThaharAyA hai|' . jaina grantha 'nIlakesI' ke TIkAkAra use jaina graMtha hI pragaTa karate haiN|' usapara 'kurala meM nimnalikhita aisI bAteM haiM jo use sarvathA 1-sAiMjai0, mA01 pR040-43 | "Kural was certainly composed by a Jain."--Prof. M. S. Ramaswami lyengar, SIJ., I 89. 2- nIrAkesITokA' meM use 'imottu' arthAt 'hamArA veda' kahA hai|

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144 - Ji saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | eka jainAcArya kI hI racanA pramANita karate haiM: (1) kukaroM (pariccheda 1) pahale hI maMgaLastuti rUpameM '' vargakA smaraNa karate huye use zabdalokakA mUtra sthAna aura mAdimako lokoMko mUla srota kahA hai, jo jaina mAnyatA ke anukUla hai| baina zAstroM 'ma' varNa hA zAbdika aura sAMketika mahatva khUba hI pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai 'jJAnArNava' meM 'ma' varNako 500 bAra apanA eka upavAsa ke tulya batAyA hai / ( bRjeza0 mA0 1 pR0 1-2 ) (2) pahale pariccheda meM uparAnta eka sarvajJa paramezvara jisane kamaloM para gamana kiyA (makarmisaiye ginAna) aura jo bhAdi puruSa hai| tathA jo na kisIse prema karatA hai aura na vRNA evaM jo jitendriya hai, usakI vaMdanA karane kA vidhAna hai| jaina granthoMmeM Aptake jo lakSaNa batAye gaye haiM unameM use sarvajJa - rAgadveSa rahita aura vItarAga khAsa rIti se batAyA gayA hai|' isa kalpakAlameM AditIrthaGkara, AdinAtha yA RSabhadeva mukhya bhApta haiM; isI liye zAstroMmeM unheM yAdi puruSa bhI kahA gayA hai|' 'kula' ke racayitA bhI unhIMkA smaraNa karate haiM / vaha sarvajJa tIrthakara rUpameM jaba vihAra karate the taba deveMdra unake paga tale kamaloMkI racanA karatA jAtA thA / aura vaha usapara gamana karate the / yaha vizeSatA jaina tIrthaGkara kI khAsa hai / 'kurala' ke karttA usakA ullekha karake apanA mata spaSTa kara dete haiM / (3) Age isI paricchedameM ' kurala' ke racayitA arhanta yA 1-Divinity in Jainism dekho / 2 - jinasahasra nAma dekho| 3- mA0 parva 22-23 /

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dakSiNa bhAratakA caina saMghoM [15 tAra bhagavAna kA smaraNa karake siddha paramAtmA smaraNa karate hai aura unheM paTaguNoMsepabhibhUta paramabrama (benga-nApan / batAte hai| jaina yo paramabrama siddha paramAtmAko nimalikhita mAguNoMse puru banavAyA gayA :-() DAyika sampatya, (2) anaMtadarza (1) agantavAna, (5.) anantavIrya, (5) sahamatA, (6) bagAivasA, (7) halaputva (4) Marara mAtra paramAtmA hamATha mumabAsI mi| 5) tIsare paricchedameM saMsAratyAgI puruSoM kI mahimAkA varNana hai| usameM unako sarvasvakA tyAgI aura pAMcoM indriyoko pAye rakhakara nAsika jIvana vyatIta karanevAlA likhA hai| indriyaliya kramazaH banda, sarza, rUpa, rasa aura gandha batAye haiN| sAbI .sAdhu prakRti puruSoMhIko brAmaNa kahA hai| jainadharmameM sAdhu sarvasvalAgI, indriyaniropI tapasvI hA gayA hai| indriyoM kI saMkhyA aura unake viSaya mI jena mAnyatAnusAra haiN| khAsa bAta yaha hai ki aisA sAdhu jaina iSTise e sacA brAmaNa hai / "kurala" meM yahI pragaTa kiyA gayA hai| (1) cauthe paricchedameM dharmakA phala mokSa aura dharma apane manako pavitra rakhane meM batAyA hai| usame bhAgAmI janmoM kA mArga banda hojAtA hai| 'bhAvagahuDa' meM zrI kundakundAva ryane isI prakAra mana zuddhikA viSAna kiyA hai| jaina siddhAMtameM puNya-pApakA mApa manuSyake bhAvoMse hI kiyA jAtA hai| 1-, mA1 0 14 / 2 za* mA0 1 pR.17|

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14] saMkSipta na itihaasaa|" 6) pAMva pAracche meM gRhastha jIvana ke liye devapUjA, tiki sarakAra bandhu-bAMdhavoM kI sahA tA aura mAmoti karanA mAika batAyA hai / bhagavat kuMdrakuMvAmIne bhI devapUnA manA aura dAna denA tathA sAmojati parana eka gRhastha ke liye mukhya karma banAye haiN| ... (7) nave paricchedameM atithiko bhojana dene aura mehamAnadArIkA vidhAna hai| jaina zAmro gRhastha ke liye eka makana 'matiSi saMvibhAga' vrate hai| (2) unIsaveM paricchedake aMtima padameM 'ku' manuSyako nija doSoMkI mAlocanA karanekA upadeza detA hai| jainadharmameM pratyeka gRhasthake liye pratikramaNa-doSoM ke liye AlocanAdi karanA lAjamI hai| (9) bIsave paricchedaye chAyAkI taraha pApa-koko manuSyake sAtha kaMgA rahate aura sarvasva nAza karate batAyA hai, jo sarvathA jaina mAnyatAke anukula hai| marane para bhI janmAntaroM taka pApa karma mRtAmAse lipta rahakara usako kaSTakA kAraNa banate haiM, yaha jaina mAnyatA sarvavidita hai| (10) pacIsaveM paricchedameM jaina zAstroMke sadRza hI nirAmiSa bhojanakA upadeza hai| yadi kuralakA racayitA jaina na hokara vaidika brAhmaNa athavA bauddha hotA to vaha isa prakAra sarvathA mAMsa-madirA tyAga karanekA upadeza nahIM de sakatA thA; kyoMki una logoMmeM inakA sarvacA niSedha nahIM hai| 1-tattvAdhigama sUtra / 2-bhama ma0, pR0.13-37 .

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dakSiNa bhAratako jn-sNgh| [.0 (11) tIsavai paricchedameM hiMsAko saba dharnAmeM zraSTa khaa| bAra usake bAda satyako batAyA hai| jaina darzanameM bhI mAmAkI yahI vizeSatA hai| isI paricchedameM baliMhiMsAkA bhI niSedha hai| (12) battIsave pariccheda tyAgakA upadeza dete huye pratI. ko apane pAsa kucha bhI na rakhanekA vidhAna hai-usake lie to zarIra mI manAvazyaka hai| mainadharma bhI to yahI kahatA hai| (13) massIveM paricchedameM kahA gayA hai ki ucca kuna banma lenese hI koI ucca sajjana nahIM hojAtA aura janmase nISa honepara bhI jo nIca nahIM hai vaha nIca nahIM hosakate / jaina zAsroma pada-pada para yahI upadeza bharA milatA hai| bhagavat kundakundasvAmIne bhI isI bAtakA upadeza diyA hai|' yaha evaM aisI hI anya bAteM isa bAtako pramANita karatI haiM ki 'kurala' ke racayitA eka jainAcArya the, jinheM vidvajjana zrI . kundakundAcArya batAte haiM / isa prakAra bhagavat kundakundake pavitra bIvanakI rUparekhA hai| unake pazcAt jaina saMghameM bhagavAn umAsvAtikA vizAla maura vizuddha astitva milatA hai, bha0 umaasvaati| jisa prakAra bhagavAn kundakundakI __ mAnyatA digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM 1-patitoddhAraka jainadharma dekho| 2-NA deho baMdijANavi ya kuloM Navi yamAIsajuttIra ko diya guNahINo Na ha sapaNA Neya sAvalo ho

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ar./ 248]. saMkSita ra itihAsa / sabadAyoM logoMmeM thI, usI prakAra: bhagavat umAzAti bhI donoM lapradAyoM dvArA mAnya aura puruSa the| digambara jaina sAhityo. meM bhagavAn kuna kurakA vaMzana pragaTa kiyA gayA hai aura unakA HTRI nAma pradacchiAcArya bhI likhA hai| kintu unake gRhasa. jIvana ke viSaya meM vigampara zAkha mauna hai| hAM, zvetAMbarIva 'valI , bigaba stra bhAgya' ne umAsvAti mahArAjake viSayameM jo prazasti milatI hai, usase patA calatA hai ki unakA janma nyayoSikA nAmaka sthAnameM humA thA aura unake pitA spAti bhaura mAsA vAtsI thiiN| unakA gotra kaumISaNi thaa| unake dIkSAguru zramaNa ghoSanaMdi aura vidyAguru vAcakAcArya mUla nAmaka the| unhoMne kusumapura nAmaka sthAna meM apanA prasiddha graMtha ' tatvArthAdhigama sUtra ' racA thaa| donoM hI saMpradAyoMmeM umAsvAtiko 'vAcaka' padavIse alaMkRta kiyA gayA hai| zvetAMbaroM kI mAnyatA hai ki unhoMne pAMcasau graMtha race the aura 1-razrA* svAmI samantamada pRSTha 144 evaM 'lokavArtika' kA. mita kathana "etena gRlapicchAcAryaparyantamunisatreNa / .. vyabhicAritA nirastA kRtasUtre // " ma. kuMdakaMdakA bhI eka nAma gRpicchAcArya thA / zAyada yahI kAraNa hai ki zravaNabeLagoLake kinhIM zilAlekhoMmeM bha0 kuMdakuMda aura bha0 umAsvAtiko eka hI vyakti gantI likha diyA hai| (ikA. bhA0 2 pR0 16) / 2-anekAnta, varSa 1 pRSTha 387 / / 3-pUrva pR. 394-395 evaM " jinendrakalyANAbhyudaya "kA ni koka:

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dakSiNa bhAratakA jana-saMgha / r 9 vaha isa samaya tatva rthAdhigama sUtra ke atirikta jambUdvIpa samAsa prakaraNa, bhAvaka prajJapti, kSetravicAra, prazamarati aura pUjA prakaraNa' nAmaka graMthoMko unakI racanA batAte haiM, parantu vidvajjana kevaLa 'prazama ati' ko ma0 umAsvAti kI racanA honA zakya samajhate haiN| isameM zaka nahIM ki ma0 umAsvAti apane samaya ke advitIya vidvAna the / unhoMne jaina Agama meM prasiddha saiddhAMtika evaM khagola bhUgola Adi saba hI viSayoMkA saMkSipta saMgraha apane ' tatkArthAdhigama sUtra meM kara * diyA hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki unakA yaha grantharAja Aja " jaina bAibila " ke nAma se prasiddha hai| zAyada saMskRta bhASA meM jainoM kI bar3I sabase pahalI ullekhanIya racanA hai| isakI utpattike viSayameM kahA jAtA hai ki saurASTra ke girinagara (junAgar3ha) nAmaka sthAna meM mAsaka gavya dvitra kulotpanna, zetAMvarabhakta eka ' viddhayya' nAmakA vidvana Avaka rahatA thA / usane ' darzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH ' baha eka sUtra racA aura use pATiyepara likha chodd'aa| eka samaya caryA - zrI gRddha pacchAcArya umAsvAti nAma dhAraka AcArya vahAM jAye / unhoMne vaha sUtra dekhakara usameM 'samyakU' zabda jor3a diyA / 'siddha' jaba yaha dekhA to vaha una AcAryake pIche bhAgA aura unheM Da kara unase usa 'mokSazAstra' ko racaneke liye prArthI huA / AcArya "kavadanto bhUtabali jinacaMdro muniH punaH / kuMdakuMda munIndromA svAtivAcakasaMjitau // " 1- jamekAnta, varSa 1 pR0 2-' tatvara bradIpikA " * ( anekAnta pR0 406 phuTanoTa ) 394 / - anekAnta varSa 1 0 200 1

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150] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / mahAgajana usakI yaha prArthanA svIkAra kI aura tatvAdhigama sUtra' ko raca diyaa| * siddhayya ' ke nimittase isa graMthAnake race jAne kA lava saMbhavataH sarvArthasidi' TIka meM bhI hai|' nissagdeha siddhayyaka nimittame racA hukA yaha prayAja jainasiddhAMtakI bhamulya nidhi hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki uparAnta jainAcAryoM ne ma.. umAsvAtikA mANa bar3e hI sammAnanIya rautisa kiyA aura unheM 'zrutavAla dezIya ' evaM guNagaMbhIra' bhI likhaa|' zrutasAgarajIne dhanakA zrutimadhura nAma umAsvAmI rakha diyA aura tabase digambaroMmeM sIkA pracAra hogayA; parantu prAcIna digambara jaina graMthomeM unakA mAma umAsvAti milatA hai| ma0 umAsvAti saMbhavataH zrI kundaka mdAcArya ke praziSya the| isaliye evaM unakI saiddhAMtika vivecanAzaikIse, jisakA sAmya 'yogasUtra' mAdise hai, spaSTa hai ki vaha IsvI pahalI zatAni vidva na the| ... samayAnukUla bha0 umAsvAti ke pazcAta ullekhanIya bhAcArya yo samaMtabhadrasvAmI haiN| digambara vidvAnoM samatabhadrasvAmA / bhI samantabhadra- liye vaha stavanArya aura pramANabhUta hai| svaamii| parantu 'zvetAmbara vida noMne bhI unakI pramANistAko khuke dilase svIkAra 1-anekAMta, varSa 1 pR0 197 / 2-tatvArthasatrakAmumAsvAtimunIzvaraM / zrutakevalidezIyaM vande'haM guNamariram // anekAnta pR0 395 3-bhanekAnta, pR0 269 / 4-pUrva0 pRSTha 389-392 /

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dakSiNa pAtamA jaina mNgh| 51 kiyA hai|' zrI zu.caMdAcAryajIna unha * bharatabhUSaNa' kahA hai| zrI samaMdA va ryajI gRhastha jIvana ke viSaya meM kahA jAtA hai ki bahutakarake unhoMne dakSiNa bhAratake kamavaMzako apane janmase suzomita kiyA thaa| yaha vidita nahIM ki unake pitA aura mAtAke nAma kyA the; paraMtu yaha jJAta hai ki unake pitA phaNimaNDagaMtargata uraMgapura ke kSatrI nRA the ! svAmI samaMtabhadrakA bAlyakAla jainadharma keMdra sthAna hapa ugapu meM vyatIta huA thaa| usa samaya vaha zAMtivaki nAmase pakhya t the| unoMne gRyazra meM praveza kiyA yA nahIM yaha pragaTa nahIM, kintu yaha spaSTa hai ki vaha bAlyakAlase hI jainadharma aura jinendra deva ke ananya bhakta the / unhoMne aAne Apako dharmArtha ANa kara diyA thaa| kAMcIpura yA usake sanikaTa kI unhoMne binadIkSA praraNa kI thI aura vahI (kAMjIm ) unake dharmakAryoM kA vendra thaa| "rAjAvalI the' meM unakA vahAM bhaneka bAra pahuMcanA likhA hai| unhoMne svayaM kahA hai ki "maiM kAMcIkA nama mAdhu iM" (kAMcyA namATosi ) pAntu unake gurukulakA paricaya prA nahIM hai / yaha spaSTa hai ki vaha mUlasaMtra pradhAna bhAnArya the| abhAgyavaza unako apane sAdhu bhIvanameM smAdhi' nAmaka dussaha roga hogayA thaa| vaha manoM bhojana khAjAne the, magara tRpti nahIM rotI thii| isa vyAdhiko zamana karane ke lie unhoMne eka vaiSNava sanyAsIkA bheSa dhAraNa kara liyA gaa| kAMcIye usa samaya zivakoTi nAmaka gajA rAjya karatA thA maura usakA 'bhImali' nAmaka zimalaya thaa| samantabhadrajI isI zivAlaya pahuMce aura unhoMne rAjAko apanA zraddhAla banA liyaa| sabA manakA prasAda zivArpaNake liye paayaa| samantabhadabIne se

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152 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | sAnanda bhavanI jaThagami zAnta kI aura maMdira ke bAhara mA rAjAko azIrvAda diyaa| rAjA prasanna huA aura pratidina savA manakA prasAda zivArpaNa ke liye bhejane lgaa| samantabhadrajI usake dvArA agnI vyAdhiko zamana karane rahe; kintu jaba vyAdhikA jora kama huA to uma prapAdameM me kucha bacane lagA | upara kucha loga unake viruddha ho rahe the unhoMne patA lagAkara rAja se zikAyata kara dI ki mahArAja, yaha sAdhu zivajIko kucha bhI prasAda arpaNa nahIM karatA, balki saba kucha svayaM svA jAtA hai aura ziva para paira pasAra kara sotA hai| rAjAke bismaya aura roSakA ThikAnA na rahA / usane zivAlaya mAkara sameta madrajIse yaha Agraha kiyA ki vaha prasAda zivajIko unake sAmane khilA deM aura zivaliGgako praNAma bhI kreN| 1 samaMta jIke liye yaha parIkSAkA samaya thA; kyoMki unhoMne ApattikAla meM baiSNavasa dhuka bheSa avazya dhAraNa kiyA thA parantu hRdaya meM yaha har3a samyakttavI the / unake roma-roma meM jainatva samAyA huA thA Akhi' unhoMne dRDhatApUrvaka rAjAkI bAjJAko zirodhArya kiyA / ghArUpameM unhoMne 'svayaMbhU'to' ko racanA aura uccAraNa karanA Arambha kiyaa| jisa samaya vaha caMdraprabha bhagavAnakA stotra par3ha rahe the, usI samaya zivaliGgameMse candrapramakI mUrti pragaTa huii| isa adbhuta maTanAko dekhakara saba hI loga Azcaryacakita hogaye / gajA zivakoTi - apane choTe bhAI zivAyana sahita unake caraNoMmeM gira par3A aura jainadharma meM dIkSita huaa| usake sAtha usakI prajAkA bahubhAga bhI bainI hogayA thA / jaba samaMtabhadrajIkA roga zAMta hogayA thaa| unhoMne apane jIke pAsa jAkara prAyazvitapUrvaka punaH dIkSA grahaNa kI gaura vaha dharma

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dakSiNa bhAratakA maina- saMgha / pracAra evaM lokahita kAryameM nirata hoge| unhoMne ghora tapa taphA tathA jJAna dhyAna dvArA apAra zaktiko saMcaya kiyA thA / phalataH yaha / bAcArya huye aura loga unheM jinazAsanakA praNetA kahane lage the / jaina siddhAMta ke marmajJa hone ke sivAya vaha tarka, vyAkaraNa, chaMda, naLaMkAra, kAvya, koSAdi graMthoM meM pUrNa niSNAta the| vaha saMskRta, prAkRta, kanar3I, tAmika mAdi bhASAoMke vidvan the, parantu unake dvArA dakSiNa bhArata saMskRta bhASAko jo prottejana aura protsAha milA thA vaha pUrva thaa| unakI yAdazakti apratihata bhii| unhoMne kaI bAra naMge pairoM aura naMge badana dezake isa chora se usa chorataka ghUmakara mithyAvAdiyoMkA garva khaMDita kiyA thaa| vaha mahAna yogI - ye maura unako 'cAraNa Rddhi' prApta thI, jisake kAraNa vaha anya bIvoMko bAdhA pahuMcAye binA hI saikar3oM kosoMkI yAtrA zrImatAne kara lete the / ekavAra vaha karahATaka nagara (jilA satArA) meM pahuMce ye aura vahAMke rAjApara apane bAda prayojanako pradhTa karate hue unhoMne kahA thA ki: 1 'pUrva pATaliputramadhyanagare bherI mayA tAr3itA, pacAsmAla sindhuTakaviSaye kAMcIpurIvaidize / prApto'haM karahATakaM bahubhaTaM vidyotkaTaM saMkaTaM, pAdArthI vicarAmyahaM narabate zArdUlavikrIDitaM // isase prakaTa hai ki karahATaka pahuMcane se pahale samaMtabhadrane ni dezoM tathA nagaroMmeM bAdake kiye bihAra kiyA thA unameM pATaliputra mapara, mAlaya, siMdhu, Thaka (paMjAba) deza, kAMcIpura aura vaidika be

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154 ] : saMkSipta jana itihAsa | pradhAna deza tathA janapada the| inameM unhoMne vAda karake dharmaprabhAvanAkA pracAra kiyA thaa| apanI lokahitakArI bAbUgirA dvArA unhoMne prANImAtrakA hita sAdhA thA / kevaLa vANI se hI nahIM balki apanI kekhanI dvArA bhI unhoMne apanI ho / hitaiSiNI vRttikA paricaya diyA hai| unakI nimnalikhita apUrva racanAyeM batAI jAtI haiM: ! 1- AptamImAMsA, 2- yuktayanuzAsana, 3- svayaMbhU stotra, 8-jinastuti zataka, 5- ratnakAMDa upAsakAdhyayana, 6- jIvasiddhi, 7 tatvAnuzAsana, 8- prakRta vyAkaraNa, 9 pramANapadArtha, 10-karmaprAbhUta TIkA aura 11 - gandhaH stimahAbhASya | kheda hai ki svAmI samaMtabhadrajIke aMtima jIvanakA ThIka patA nahIM calatA / paTTAvaliyoMse unakA astitva samaya san 13830 pragaTa hotA hai| mama0 zrI narasiMhAcAryajIne bhI unheM ImbI dusarI zatAbdikA vidvAna isa apekSA batAyA hai ki zravaNabeLagoLakI malli peNaprazasimeM unakA ullekha gaGgarAjya saMsthApaka siMhanaMdi bhAcArya se pahale huA hai, jinakA samaya I0 dumarI zatAbdikA aMtima bhAga hai| isI parase svAmI samaMtabhadranIkI janma aura niSata tithiyoMkA aMdAja lagAyA jAsakatA hai / isa prakAra tatkAlIna dakSiNa bhAratIya jaina saMgha ke yaha camakate huye rana the| inake atirikta zrI puSpadanta, mUnabali, mAghanandi bAdi nAcArya bhI ullekhanIya haiM; parantu unake viSaya meM kucha adhika paricaya prApta nahIM hai / 6" svAmI 1- vizeSa ke liye zrI jugalakizorajI mukhtAra " aura " vIra " varSa 6 kA " samantabhaddAtu " dekho /

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pA0 kAmatAprasAdajI kRta aitihAsika granthabhagavAna mhaaviir| yaha grantha aneka jainAcArya tathA kitane hI mAnatIya aura pAzcAtya ItihAsajJa vidvAnoMke 23 granthoM kI sahAyatAse likhA gayA hai| isameM vIra bhagavAna ke vitRna jIvanake atirikta bhagavAna ruSamadeva, neminAtha aura pArzvanAthakA bhI varNana hai| aMtameM buddha, mahAvIra evaM mahAvIrakI sarvajJatAke pramANa bhI diye gaye haiN| pR0 280 pakkI jilda 2) kaccI jilda 1 // // ) bhagavAna pArzvanAtha / : isameM bhagavAn pArthanAthakA vistRta jIvana aitihAsika rItise atIva khojapUrNa likhA gayA hai| tathA yaha siddha kiyA hai ki ma.. pArzvanAtha aitihAsika the, ve jaina dharmake sthApaka nahIM the| jaina dharma kI prAcInatA, purAtvakI sAkSI, baddha grantha, veda, hindupurANA, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, bhaura upaniSadoMmeM jainadharmakA ullekha hai| isa andhakA bena ajenoM meM pracAra karanA yogya hai| pR0 500 + gula 2 // ) mainejara, digambara jainapustakAlaya-marata /

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bA0 kAmatAprasAdajI kRta bha0 mahAvIra aura ma0 buddha / isameM bha0 mahAvIra aura mahAtmA buddhakA tulanAtmaka paddhatise vivecana kiyA gayA hai / bIra aura buddhake bhedakA jJAna prApta karanA ho to isa granthako avazya par3hiye / 10272 mu0 1 // vIra pAThAvali / 9 isameM bha0 ruSabhadeva, samrAT bharata, rAma-lakSmaNa, kRSNa, neminAtha, ma0 pArzvanAtha bha0 mahAvIra, samrAT caMdragupta, vIra saMghakI 'viduSiyAM ma0 kundakundAcArya, umAsvAmI, smrAT khAravela, svAmI vatamadra siddhAMta - cakravarti zrI nemicandrAcArya, bhaTTAkalaMka deva nAdike 20 aitihAsika caritra varNita kiye gaye haiM / pR0 125 sUkSma |||) va vidyArthiyoMko ii) -* paMca-ratna / * isameM mahArAja zreNika, samrAT mahAnaMda. kurUMbAbIzvara, nRpa 'bijjaladeva aura senApati becappa aise pAMca caritra upanyAsa dase 1 year i=) 13 nava-ratna / -- isameM ariSTanemi, candragupta. khAravela, cAmuNDarAba, mAra siMha, ..gaMgarAja, hula, sAbipavve aura satI rAnI aise 9 aitihAsika caritra | mUlya 1 ) mainejara, digambara jaina pustakAlaya - surata /

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bhAvanaga2 bA0 kAmatAprasAdajIkRta grnth| IMIRE hehre pe bha0 mahAvIra bha0 pAzvanAtha 2 // ) bha0 mahAvIra va ma0 buddha 1) saM0 jaina itihAsa pra0 bhAga 2) " du0pra0khaMDa ) , ,,,dvi0, 1%) tI0pra0, 1) vIra pAThAvali paJca-ratna nava-vanna patitoddhAraka jainadharma saMtya mArga vizAla jaina saMgha digambaratva va di0 muni mainejara, digambara jaina pustakAlaya suurt| Shree Sudharmaswami-cyambhandar-Umara.Strate www.umaral arcom