Samipya 2007 Vol 24 Ank 01 02

Author(s): R P Mehta, R T Savalia
Publisher: Bholabhai Jeshingbhai Adhyayan Sanshodhan Vidyabhavan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/535843/1

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Journal of the B. J. Institute of Learning & Research SAMIPYA Vol. XXIV Nos. 1-2 April, 2007 - Sept. 2007 V.S. 2063, Chaitra-Bhadrapada Editors Dr.R.P. Mehta Dr. R. T. Savalia ON THE FOUNDATION STONE OF THE BUILDING WAS LATO BY Jp RAMKRISSINA GOPAL BHANDARK IR, X.D. EL 6.C.E. 18 DECEMBER, 1904 A imAratana svAta muhale / DaoNkTara samakRSNa gopALa bhAMDArakara,solAI.I. TOT nA. 18 DiseMbara, 190nesa kAyaM. B.J. INSTITUTE Gujarat Vidyasabha B. J. Institute of Learning & Research Ahmedabad - 380 009. nd Personal use only For Private and Personal Use Only

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bho. je. vidhAbhavananAM prApya prakAzano Coins : The Source of Indian History The Catalogue of the Medieval and Modern By Dr. P.L.Gupta Rs. 28-00 Coins in the B.J. Institute Museum Rs. 225-00 Proceedings of the K.R.Sant Memorial Semi- Underground Shrine : Queen's Step-well at nar on Indian Culture, Philosophy and Art : Patan, by Jaikishandas Sadani, 1998 Rs. 125-00 edi. by Bharati Shelat Rs. 175-00 The Art of Abanindranath Tagore and Regional Archaeology of Western India responses to the spirit of Revival by Ratan by M.K.Dhavalikar Rs. 150-00 Parimoo Rs. 95:00. History And Culture of Madhya Pradesh The Concepts of Atman and Paramatman in By Prof. K.D.Bajpai Rs. 100-00 Indian Thought by Siddheshvar Bhatt Rs. 50-00 A Historical and Cultural Study Some Jain Concepts and Conduct by Sushma of the Inscriptions of Gujarat Singhvi Rs. 60-00 By Dr. H.G.Shastri Rs. 130-00 "gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa graMthamAlA" Jainism from the view point of Vedantic Aarya saMpA. pro.2.cho.parIkha ane DaoN. ha.gaM. zAstrI graMtha 1-7 By Prof. Y.S. Shastri Rs. 45-00 graMtha 1 : itihAsanI pUrvabhUmikA (punarmudrita) rUA. 217/The Bhagavata, (Critical edition) graMtha 2 : mauryakAlathI guptakAla (punarmudrita) rUA. 20/Vol. I ed. by Dr. H.G.Shastri Rs. 500.00 graMtha 3: maitraka ane anumaitrakakAla(punarmudrita) rUA. 276)Vol. II ed. by Dr. Bharati Shelat Rs. 800-00 graMtha 4: solaMkIkAla (punamudrita) rUA. 166/Vol. III ed. by Dr. H. G. Shastri, graMtha 5 : saltanatakAla (aprApya) rU. 25-50 Dr. B.K.Shelat, Dr. K.K.Shastree Rs.800-00 graMtha 6 : mughalakAla (aprApya) rUA. 19-45 Vol. IV, part I (Epilogue) Rs. 1,000-00 graMtha 7 : marAThAkAla rUA. 13-25 part II ed. by Dr. K. Rs. 400-00 part III K. Shastree Rs. 150-00 saMpA. : DaoN. ha.gaM.zAstrI ane DaoN.pra.ci.parIkha graMtha 8-9 The Jain Image Inscriptions of Ahmadabad graMtha 8 : briTizakALa (I.sa.1818-'14) rUA. 20-40 by P.C.Parikh & B.K.Shelat Rs. 300-00 graMtha 9 : AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI mAMgalika pratIka (I.sa. 1915 thI 1960) rU.40-40 seDI. .. zrIvAstava yoga, anuyoga ane maMtrayoga ha. 120-00 rUA.60-00 A Descriptive Catalogue of Gujarati, Hindi, jainadarzana ane purAvastuvidyA rUA.35-00 and Marathi Manuscripts of B. J. Institute jainadarzanamAM zraddhA (samyagdarzana) matijJAna ane kevala-jJAnanI Museum, Part - I Rs. 160-00 vibhAvanA le. DaoN. nagIna zAha rU. 35-00 A Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit and jaina darzanamAM naya le. jitendra zAha rU. 50-00 Prakrit Manuscripts of B.J.Institute Museum, saurASTranuM saMtasAhitya Part-III Rs. 120-00 le. niraMjana rAjyaguru rUA. 80-00 A Supplement of the Catalogue to the Cata- mudrArAkSasa kiMvA hore mahAta (cothI AvRtti) logue of the Persian and Arabic Manuscripts anu. kezavalAla harSadarAya dhruva rU. 65-00 of B.J.Institute Museum, Part-III parAkramanI prasAdI kiMvA vikramorvazIya nATaka Rs. 120-00 racayitA : kezavalAla harSadarAya dhruva rUA. 65-00 The Catalogue of the Ancient Coins in the B. arthopahAra-saMcaya saMpA. DaoN. ke.kA.zAstrI - rU. 65-00 J. Institute Museum - Rs. 225-00 viMdhyavananI kanyatA anu. kezavalAla ha. dhruva rU.80-00 Available at Gujarat Vidyasabha Premabhai Hall, Bhadra, Ahmedabad-380001 B. J. Institute Ashram Road Ahmedabad-380009 For Private and Personal Use Only

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SAMIPYA Vol. XXIV, Nos. 1-2 April-Sept. 2007 V.S. 2063, Chaitra - Bhadrapada CONTENTS m 51 Spirit of Indian Architecture Through Indian Tample J. M. Nanavati Constructive Decorative Sculptures-A Part of Temple Architecture Dr. Priyabala Shah Pushyamitra : Founder of Sung Empire Dr. R. P. Mehta The Churches of Ahmedabad built during the British Period Thomas B. Parmar Step Wells in Gujarat, Rajasthan, and New Delhi Richard Cox R. T. Savalia sAmaveda meM svara-siddhAnta paddhati viSayaka nirUpaNa prA. hetala paMDyA vedArtha aura AkhyAna Do. kamalezakumAra cha. coksI kAlidAsa meM dRSTi saundarya Do. kAlindI harikRSNa pAThaka bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad : zukla yajurveda kAsvazAkhA ane mAdhyadina zAkhA vacce pAThabheda prA. alakeza vI. dave bhAsanA rUpakomAM prApta thatA subhASitazloko ane suvAkyo prA. madhusUdana ema. vyAsa kAlidAsanI kRtiomAM matratatra pri. DaoN. baMsIdhara upAdhyAya uttararAmacaritamAM nirUpita prakRtinuM raudrarUpa : vartamAna pariprekSyamAM DaoN. DI. eca. gosvAmI draTane abhimata kAvyaprayojana DaoN. jAgRti paMDyA akhAnA sUphIvAdI siddhAMta ane sUphI sAdhanAmArga prA. DaoN. Ara. TI. sAvaliyA saMta bhajanika dAsIjIvaNa pravINasiMha vAghelA bhArata mArtaDa zIghrakavi paMDita zrI gaDhulAlajI ghanazyAmajI mahArAjanuM saMskRta sAhityamAM pradAna DaoN. hinA ema. kIkANI zrIkRSNakumArAvyudayam - eka abhyAsa DaoN. bihAga jozI pAvanatIrtha prabhAsa DaoN. hariprasAda gaM. zAstrI sAMskRtikanagarI vaDodarAno kalAvAraso : keTalIka sacitra hastaprato DaoN. uSA brahmacArI dezanA prathama svAtaMtrya saMgrAmamAM sAbarakAMThA jillAnA muDeTI gAmanuM pradAna vasaMta Ara. paTela graMthAvalokana i - kaMi : V V 103 110 113 B. J. INSTITUTE H. K. Arts College Compound, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad-380009 For Private and Personal Use Only

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INSTITUT zeTha bhoLAbhAI jesiMgabhAI adhyayana-saMzodhana vidyAbhavana sthApanA sane 1944-45 daramiyAna gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTIe gujarAtamAM yunivarsiTI sthapAya te mATe 'gujarAta vidyAmaMDaLanI racanA karI. sane 1945-46 daramiyAna gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTIne tenA ucca abhyAsa ane saMzodhana vibhAgane vidyAbhavana rUpe vikasAvavA mATe zeTha bhoLAbhAI jesiMgabhAI dalAla taraphathI be lAkha rUpiyAnuM dAna ApavAmAM AvyuM. sane 1946-47 daramiyAna saMsthAnuM nAma "gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTIne badale "gujarAta vidyAsabhA' rakhAyuM. enA ucca abhyAsa ane saMzodhana vibhAgane svataMtra vidyAbhavanamAM pheravI enuM nAma zeTha bhoLAbhAI jesiMgabhAI adhyayana-saMzodhana vidyAbhavana rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. A bhavananI ImAratanuM khAta muharta DaoN. rAmakRSNa gopALa bhAMDArakara sI.AI.I.nA haste tA. 11 Disembara, 1904nA roja karavAmAM AvyuM. jyAre enuM uddhATana tA. 9mI phebruArI, 1947nA roja muMbaI sarakAranA mukhyamaMtrI zrI bAbAsAheba kheranA haste karavAmAM AvyuM. (mukha pRSTha uparano phoTo). A saMsthAne svataMtra TrasTa tarIke muMbaI TrasTa eNkTa, 1950 heThaLa tA. 26 sapTembara, 1952 (rajI. naM. epha-23)mAM noMdhaNI karavAmAM AvI. bho.je. vidyAbhavana mATenI jamIna ane makAnanAM bAMdhakAma aMge 11-3-1958nA roja zeThazrI bhoLAbhAI jesiMgabhAI dalAle gujarAta vidyAsabhA khAte Apela rakama vAparavA vidyAbhavananA makAna ane aMdaranA sarasAmAna mATe dAnanI tathA jamIna mATe vadhArAnA rU. 30,000=00 (trIsa hajAra) bahena nIrmaLA tathA bahena manoramAe maLIne ApyA hatA. Ama, bho. je. vidyAbhavananI jamIna upara grAunDa phaloramAM graMthAlaya ane vAcanakhaMDa, prathama majalo kAryAlaya, niyAmakazrInI ophisa, vargakhaMDa ane adhyApako mATenA beThakakhaMDa, bIjA majale vargakhaMDo ane trIjA majale saMgrahAlaya ema imAratanuM bAMdhakAma karavAmAM AvyuM. tyArabAda tA. 17-5-1960 (maMgaLavAra, savAre 9 vAgye)nA roja zeThazrI kasturabhAI lAlabhAInA zubha haste bho. je. adhyayana-saMzodhana vidyAbhavananuM udghATana karavAmAM AvyuM. Ama, gujarAtamAM ucca abhyAsa ane saMzodhana mATenI saMsthAnI sthApanAnuM svapna sAkAra thayuM. A bhagIratha kAryamAM joDAyelA dAtAzrIo, mahAnubhAvo, adhyApako ane bhaginI saMsthAo, rAjya sarakAra, yunivarsiTInA sAtha sahakAra ane yogadAnanI ahIM saharSa noMdha laIe chIe. saMpAdako zeTha bhoLAbhAI jesiMgabhAI adhyayana-saMzodhana vidyAbhavana sthApanA For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra ra * www.kobatirth.org (6) kriSnA grAphiksa (7) Imeja pablIkezana (8) pri. subhASa brahmabhaTTa * saMsthAvRtta saMsthAnAM graMthAlayane pratiSThita saMsthAo ane vidvAno taraphathI amUlya graMtho bheTa svarUpe prApta thayA che. (1) zrI jayendra nANAvaTI phAunDezana (2) DaoN. zivaprasAda rAjagora (3) DaoN. cInubhAI nAyaka (4) DaoN. kArtikeya bhaTTa (5) DaoN. dhanarAja paMDita graMthAlayamAM jaLavAyelAM aprApya graMthonA jherokSa karAvavA mATe zrI naraharibhAI poyA - kalakattA taraphathI rU. 25,000-00nuM dAna ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. * 65 737 904 uparAMta myujhiyamane alabhya sikkAo, hastaprato vagere sAmagrI bheTa svarUpe maLI hatI. jemAM (1) DaoN. hariprasAda gaM. zAstrI taraphathI cAMdI, tAMbA ane bilananA kula 93 sikkAo (2) zrI nIlAbahena pArekha taraphathI bhAgavata isamaskaMdhanI hastaprata (3) zrIdhIraja vorA taraphathI bhUgarbha jalasrota aMgenI hastalikhita sAmagrI (4) zrI kalpajabhAI desAI (muMbaI) taraphathI 4 sikkA temaja lAkaDAnA azmibhUta avazeSo bheTarUpe maLyAM hatA. * ema.e., ema.phila. ane pIeca.DI.nAM vidyArthIo potAnA saMzodhana mATe myujhiyamano upayoga ane mahattva samaje e mATe saMsthAnA myujhiyama aMgenI mAhitI pratiSThita dainika (tA. 1-8-2007, gujarAta samAcAra)mAM prakAzita karavAmAM AvI hatI. 98 104 155 2 (vaoNlyuma) 2 (vaoNlyuma) Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir * graMthAlayamAM jaLavAyelA amUlya ane alabhya graMthonA DijiTalAIjhezana karavA aMgeno vistRta ahevAla pratiSThita dainika (tA. 2-9-2007, divyabhAskara)mAM prasiddha karavAmAM Avyo hato. dUradarzananI mAnya cenalo niyamita paNe saMsthAnA samagra pravRttikSetrane prasArita karatI rahI che. saMsthAnA niyAmaka DaoN. razmikAnta pI. mahetAnA mArgadarzanamAM saMskRta viSayamAM be vidyArthIoe rajisTrezana karAvelA che. jayAre adhyApaka DaoN. rAmajIbhAI ThA. sAvaliyAnA mArgadarzana heThaLa bhAratIya saMskRti viSayamAM 2 vidyArthIoe rajisTrezana karAvelA che. saMsthAnA adhyApaka DaoN. Ara.TI. sAvaliyAnA mArgadarzana heThaLa prA. hInA ema. paMDyA (mAMgaroLa)e 'bAbI vilAsa hastaprata' viSayamAM pIeca.DI.nI padavI mATe mahAnibaMdha taiyAra karI gujarAta yunivarsiTIne suparata karelo che. madrAsanI 'madurAI kAmarAja yunivarsiTI)e varSa 2007 thI adhyApaka, DaoN. Ara.TI.sAvaliyAne ema.phila. ane pIeca.DI.nA mArgadarzaka zikSaka tarIke mAnyatA ApelI che. hAla 1 vidyArthI ema.phila.no abhyAsa karI rahyA che. zrI hemacaMdrAcArya uttara gujarAta yunivarsiTIe itihAsa vibhAgamAM ema.phila.nA mArgadarzaka zikSaNa tarIke sapTembara 2007 thI DaoN. sAvaliyAne mAnyatA ApelI che. sAmIpya : pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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* niyAmaka, DaoN. Ara.pI.mahetA dvArA vividha zaikSaNika saMsthAomAM Apela vyAkhyAno : (1) zrI zAmaLadAsa ArTsa kaoNlejanA saMskRta vibhAgamAM 17, ogasTa, 2007nA roja saMskRta kavio ane dArzanikonAM citro bheTa ApyA. "kAlidAsanI vartamAna samayamAM prastutatA" para vyAkhyAna ApyuM hatuM. (ra) mahesANAnI Arsa kaoNleja khAte gurupUrNimA nimitte "bhAratIya paraMparAmAM guranuM mahattvapara vyAkhyAna ApyuM hatuM. vidyAbhAratI prerita sarasvatI vidyAmaMdira-gAMdhInagaramAM 15 mI oNgasTe dhvajavaMdana ane preraka uddhodhana karyuM hatuM. (4) bhAvanagara mukAme dvArA tA. 22, 23-9-2007nA roja bArTana lAyabrerImAM saMgRhIta hastapratonA sUcikaraNanI kAmagIrI pUrNa karI tathA tA. 24-9-07nA roja AMtara kaoNleja subhASita spardhAmAM nirNAyaka tarIke upasthita rahyA hatA. temaja tA. 24-9-07nA roja na.ca. gAMdhI mahilA koleja, bhAvanagaranA saMskRta vibhAganA snAtaka-anusnAtaka vidyArthIo samakSa "zAkuntalanuM rasadarzana' viSaya para vyAkhyAna ApyuM hatuM. adhyApaka, DaoN. Ara.TI. sAvaliyA dvArA vividha zaikSaNika saMsthAomAM apAyelAM vyAkhyAno : (1) nUtana vidyAvihAra hAyara sekanDarI skUla, amadAvAda khAte 14 ane 15 ogaSTanA roja bhAratanI 150mI prathama AjhAdInI laData mATenI ujavaNI nimitte mukhya mahemAna tarIke prasaMga anurUpa pravacana ane dhvajavaMdana karavAmAM AveluM. (2) zrI hakA. ATarsa kolejanA itihAsa vibhAga dvArA Ayojita vyAkhyAnamALAmAM tA. 25-8-07nA roja "gujarAtanA prAcIna itihAsanI sAhityika sAmagrI para vyAkhyAna ApyuM hatuM. (3) zrImatI esa.Ara.mahetA ATarsa kaoNleja (navagujarAta kempasa)nA itihAsa vibhAganA upakrame tA. 9-9-2007nA roja 1857nA viplavanA 150 varSanI ujavaNI saMdarbhamAM Ayojita seminAramAM 'hiMda ane briTAnIyAmAM vyakta thatI gujarAtanI rASTrIya asmitA' viSaya para vyAkhyAna ApyuM. gujarAta strI keLavaNI maMDaLa saMcAlita esa.ela.yu. Arsa enDa eca. enDa pI. ThAkora kaoNmarsa kaoNleja phora garlsanA itihAsa vibhAga dvArA tA. 19-9-2007nA roja yojavAmAM Avela seminAramAM mukhya vaktA tarIke 'bhAratanA itihAsanI sAdhana-sAmagrI' viSaya para slAIDa sAthe vyAkhyAna ApyuM hatuM. (5) hemacaMdrAcArya uttara gujarAta yunivarsiTI pATaNanA itihAsa vibhAgamAM ema.phila.nA vidyArthIo samakSa tA. 22-9-07nA roja "1857 thI AjhAdI sudhInA gujarAtanI zaikSaNika sthiti' viSaya para vyAkhyAna ApyuM hatuM. (6) DaoN. bAbAsAheba AMbeDakara opana yunivarsiTI dvArA gAMdhInagara khAte tA. 29 sapTe. 2007nA roja yojAyela "1857no svAtaMtrya saMgrAma: eka punarAvalokana" paranA rASTrIya seminAramAM hAjara rahI carcAmAM bhAga lIdho hato. saMsthAvRtta For Private and Personal Use Only

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SPIRIT OF INDIAN ARCHITECTURE THROUGH INDIAN TEMPLE J. M. Nanavati* The evolution of Indian Temple Architecture can be see in its earliest mounumental remians of bricks and Stones dated 500-600 A.D. However, its remotest root can be traced in protohistorica and vedic Age also. Conception of trancodant and ultimate reality, the origin of the universe, cosmos and its human reflection and expression in clay, wood, brick and stone came into existance in platic forms of symbols, idols and their houses of God, the temples and stupas. Indian Temple passed through square vedic, leafy bower of symbols, idols and their houses of God, the temples and stupas. Indian Temple passed through square vedic, leafy bower, reed hut, celler of wood and brick in Gupta period, a sanctum of stone, Garbhgrih "Womb house" and Sikhara, the spire. "The Indian Temple-be it Brahmanical, Jain or Buddhist, is concrete symbol, as well as the personified image of transcedent reality", as Dhaky puts it. Prf. Stella Kramish has also interpreted in context with the vedic texts on architecture. This transcedent reality is the 'Purush', the entire world of the rigved. This purush is man not simple physical form, but creative abstract impulse to manifest. Our temple "Prasad" is purush. The form of templs is Prakriti, symbolising the mighty power, the eternal. Texts compare various parts and moulding of the temple with limbs and organs of human body. The door of the temple is the mouth; the skandha, the platform terminating the trunk of the super structure, represents the shoulders of the purush. The Bhadra of projection, the arms are turned down to the wall. The jungha or 'legs' are to the very botooms of the lower moulding, paduka, the feet. The upper portion is shikhar, the head and Amalaka Kalasha and the Shikha, the finial, the final point (Madhya Bindu). "Kurma-shila' - the tortoise, one of the earliest forms of God Vishnu is placed at the bottom of the whole structure at the foundation, signifies firmness, Vishnu in the form of tortoise supported the Muddra Mountain, the story of the carning of the ocean, Varaha is also placed to proect the structure furhter. Then in plinth means pith, three mouldings suggest the nerther Region. Again, z, row of elephants, suggests Ganesh and Asvaratha, the God Asvin, sometimes five mouldings (Panchathara) is there, Kirthi Mukhas, 'the glory of God' grass patti, uraha, Narathara, row of human being, and the walls of the temple, are plaed. Indra, Varuna, Yama, Kubera, are the main gods to represent perspect forces. These mouldings were made more eleborate by * Rama-Kaushal, 15, Gosha Society, Opp. Shantinath Mahadev, Thaltej Road, Ahmedabad-380054 zu 14:. 27, wis 9-2, - ., 2009 For Private and Personal Use Only

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introducing the form of Jadya Kumbha (Inverted CYmarect), Pots full of water, (kalasa), Kani conical moulding), Antarpatra (inner recesses) etc. On this plinth the outher walls of the inner sanctum (Garbhagrib) Viman known as Mandovara beings. In earlier times walls are kept plain, then three niches (gavax) on the exteriod side each having image of deity. It symbolise the idea of trinity. Later on walls were more decorated with number of projections. The central one was called rath (chariot) or Bhadra (face) the other on the two sides of the centre face were called side chariot (pratirath) and so on. And on these projectins the broad band of the sculpture in the middle of the wall was carved with eleborate sculptures, decorations, Devas, Gandharvas Dikpalas, Gods and Goddess. The upper part of this mandovar is known as Skandha (shoulder) as it takes linial curve towards the dome or spice. The upper portion on walls - Mandovara - is Shikhar (spire) in pyramidal form with three shorys as found. In earlier temples. Original phasnsana type (pentroof) becomes the original source of the northern (rekha Deval) style of Orrisa, and in Southern style 'gopuram' type of shikhar. Some texts style number one as Aryan or Nagar and the other Dravidian. One gives the ilinear vertical effect of elevation of the other horizontal storeys or small sources upon bigger squares and Stupikas. Both the styles ultimately merges into Vesar style-the hubrid mixed style. And with this later on the regional style evolves in all over India. On original main spire small and smaller replicas of spire (mulmanjari) which only one fourth of the original is seen, as if they merge into oneness at the top, without breaking the linear symetry and the unity of comception. Spiritual vision in Indian temple architecture is celarly seen in its profile and elevation as discussed by Arvind G Ghosh. One building climbs up bold, massive in projection up piled in the greatness of a forceful but sure ascent, preserving its range and line to the last, the other source from the strength of its base, in the grade and emotions of a curving mass to a rounded summit and crowning symbol. There is in both, a constant, subtle yet prounced lesening from the base, towards the top, but at each stage a repetition of the same from, the seeming multiplicity merges into oneness. To find significance we have first forced to feel the oneness of the infinity in which this nature and this art live. This form expresses that infinite multiplicity, meges into oneness, "Unity in diversity". The return from the base on the earth to the original unity and reality and symbolises indication of its close at the top. The vividness, manifestation, we may call it Maya, of the supreme reality of the earth and universe ultimately merges into its final point above form where it has started originally. This conception of the cosmic theory and the origin of universe, "Urdhvamula" of 'Gita' and 'Upnishada' root above and branches below, this word tree- is eternal inverted SPIRIT OF INDIAN ARCHITECTURE THROUGH INDIAN TEMPLE For Private and Personal Use Only

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tree- is expressed in this form of architecture. The whole temple architecture explains the eternal cycle of evolution, duration and dissolution. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir The temple is purusha, the powerful supreme power (Parabrahaman) and emerging here in all directions from the centre Garbhagriha-the womb house. This impact of creative force and Rath and its mergiging into oneness is visible right from the Jagati, pith and Rath and Pratirath-inner recesses of Bhadra in centrifugal gradations and centripetal vitality which shows forth from the pattern of the three dimentional texture of the walls, the body of the purusha as Stella Kramrish puts it. GHUMLI During the warning phase of the Gupta Empire in India during the aftermath of Skanda Gupta's death, Bhattarka of the Maitrak Clan was the Commander-in-chief of the army. This man came to Saurashtra and declared his independence in 470-A.D. he placed a Governor at Wamanasthali (modern Wanthali in sorath) and himself founded the city of Walabhipur (modern vala) as his capita. This kingdom lasted for about 300 years (470-760 A.D.) and when in its turn it vanished Saurashtra was rules over by the Jethvas in the west, the Chavdas predominted in the south and south-east, and the Chudasamas assumed an important place at wamanasthali. The capital of the Jethwas was build at a plce variously called as Bhutamilika, Bhumilika, Bhumli and Ghumli the present degenerated Prakrit form. It was belived to have been founded Shil kumar Jethwas in the 7th Century A.D. in the fastness of the northern side of the Barda Hill.s It is said according to Wilberforce-Bell that this was destroyed in 1313 A.D. by Jam Bamajioji of Kachh, but it is more probable that it fell a prey to the inroads of the Arab invaders from Sindh who possible came by sea as is given by Dr. Altekar of the Banaras Hindu University. EUR The site of the ruins of this once famous city, declared by is rulers to be rivalling with Amaravati of the Gods, is shown to this day at a hamlet called Ghumli in the Nawanagar State some 60 miles south of Jamnagar at the foot of the Abhapura Hill. Looking to the ruins Bhutambilika seems to be a fairly big city of one mile in length and half a mile in breadth which should accommodate aboutn 15000 inhabitants. The construction of the city seems to be fan-wise. The ramparts were strong with a moad all round. Among the surviors reminiscent of the 'celestial splendours' of the city as seen at present are an excellent shrine of superb beauty in its original, two other small temples, a fraction of the rempart, a part of the western gateway, a Kund known after the4 Bhrigu Rishi, and the Jeta Vav. Up above the Abhapura Hill are the ruins of a palace, some lakes, and the legendary figure Son Kansari's temples. We have three epigraphical reference re the antiquity of Ghumli. One of them sAmI : pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe, 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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says that the place was a prosperous city in the 9th century. A.D. the other inscription is believed to be spurious. The third reference to Ghumli is contained in the 12 copperplate grants unearthed from the Ghumli village itself. These plates cover about the whole of the 9th century of the Christian era. The earliest date given is Gupta Samvat 513(832 A.D.) and the latest is G.S. 596 (915 A.D.) We get the following genealogy from the plates of the new Jethwa Dynasty called the Jayadrath or the saindhava: Pushyadeva, Agguka, Ranaka, Jaika, Chamunda, the grants bestowed upon the lucky donees are the villages mostly situated in or about the present Nawanagar state territories. The rulers of Bhutambilika call them selves Gems of Western Seas. Thus they fil in the gap between their contampararies the Chudasamas and the Chavdas- say these plates bring to light a new dynasty in Saurashtra and add an important chapter in the History of Kathiawad. The later Jethwas (and by the way, Altekar derives this word from Jayadratha and thus takes its antiquity back to the Mahabharata period) have had a great hold on the popular imagination in the form of Bardic Accounts. Halaman Jethwo and Son Kansari as also Meh Jethvo and Ujali have acquired a mystic glory of legendary romances and about whom Duhas (verses) are so rapturously-sung by the young and the old alike. Besides Ghumli the tract of land surrounding the Barda Hills abounds in rich archaelogical relics, namely, Gops and its oldest temple in Kathiawad (about 5th century A.D.) Pachhtar with the Sun Temple, Ranpur's Buddhistic caves with a ChaityaStupa turned into a Mahadev, Kileshvar, Harshad temple on the Koyalio hill, Bileshvar, visavada temples, and Miani with its shivite and Jain shrines, the last three being in the Porbandar State limits. SPIRIT OF INDIAN ARCHITECTURE THROUGH INDIAN TEMPLE For Private and Personal Use Only

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Constructive Decorative Sculptures - A Part of Temple Architecture Dr. Priyabala Shah* Indian Sculpture in its best period is nevr a mere embellishment, but an indivisible part of an architectural scheme; and yet a part which never loes its individuality as pure sculpture of the highest perfection. Apart from architecture, it exists in the form of statues. It very probably arose to satisfy man's first artistic urge, mode of manifest first as a decorative art develping later into giving a concrete from to ideas about god and His manifestations. The early period has given us a few images cut in the roung. Not so the mediaeval, where all figure (god, goddesses and human figures) and decorative sculpture become part and parcel of architecture and actually appear as different part of a building wall, pillar, bracket, ceiling and so forth. Sculpture in India had, thus, a double existence. (1) The life is shared with architecture, and (2) The life it enjoyed by itself. Here we are concerned mostly with the decorative sculptures of the temples, i.e. the life it shared with architecture. Because these sculptures from a part of temple architecture and serve to give charm and grandeur to the structures. The decorative sculptures in temples are of three types (a) Constructive, (b) Representative and (c) Purely ornamental or Decorative. (a) Construcutive-decorative sculptures The heavy pillars with their brackets and the corniced stepped pyramidal roof with Caitya-arch ornament and at times with amalaka of the pre-Calukyan temples are the best illystrations of the constructive aspect of ornamentation. In Calukyan temples also, the decoration given to pillars of the mandapas, porches as well as mandovaras and super-structures have constructive value. (b) The representative class of decorative sculpture This again can be divided into (1) Natural and (2) Conventional decorative sculpture, In Gujarat, hardly we find the sculptures copied from the nature. But the scenes of forest, rivers, hills or mountains and villages are not found depicted in the sculpture but they are symbolically suggested by a tree or a fish or a few lines suggesting * Retd. Principal, M.V.M.Mahila College, Rajkot. Ruh : 4.28, zis -2, 2014 - 22., 2009 For Private and Personal Use Only

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water etc. In the conventional class we find the sculptures of human forms including gods and goddesses, historical personages, portrait sculptures etc. We also find scenes from Epics and Puranas. From these scultpres we may gather the ideas of that period regarding the social lives, social customs, various aspects of social cultural life, garments, ornaments and many other interesting information. These sculptures can be safely sub-divided into (i) Repersentation of gods and goddesse, (ii) representation of human beings, (iii) sculptures of animal forms and (iv) sculptures of designs. The representation of gods and goddesses is with a purpose. It is also symbolic, generally found on the pitha and mandovara sections of shrine and mandapa. The icons or images enshirned for worship are not included among these sculptures. These image will be discussed in the chapter on Iconography. Sculpture of animal forms included representation of actual animals as well as composite, mythical figures-Kirtimukhas, Makaras and such others. Sculptures of designs are sub-divided into Architectural, Geometric and Floral Representation of human forma (other than those of gods and goddesses) really speaking the most common form in early sculpture is that of an attendant mostly a cauri-bearer (Yaksa or Yaksini) then dancers. Hardlywe find the figures of kings and citizens. The carliest representation of human beings is found in the Uparkota caves at Junagadh (Saurastra). But here we are concerned with sculptures pertaining to the temples. So there is not point to discuss the sculptures of the Buddhist periods. During the Calukyan period a few "Portrait" sculptures and scenes depicting life of the Jain Tirthankaras are found in the temples at Abu. Among the "portrait" sculptures, members of Vimala, Vastupala and Tejapala's ancestors and family figures of men riding elephants and horses in the Hastisala in front of the Vimala temple. These figures give some idea of the dress of a section of a people of contemporary Gujarat. "The Supposed statue o Vanaraja in the temple of Pancasara Parsvanatha at Patan (N.Gujarat) is, as Burgess has shown (ASWI, IX, P.44) on the strength of the inscription on its pedestal, not Vanaraja's. Further, though there is an umbrella over the statue's head indicating royalty, stil the mudras, gestures of the hands of the figures imply preaching, which would be rather strange in the case of a king." Several panels depict scenes from the lives of Jain Tirthankaras in the Vimala and Tejapala temples at Abu. One panel depicts the marriage and renunciation scene of Neminatha, the 22nd Jain Tarthankara. Figures of attendants Figure of attendants are seen for the first time in caves at Dhank. It is not clear Constructive Decorative Sculptures - A Part of Temple Architecture For Private and Personal Use Only

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that they are Yaksas, special attendants to Jaina Tirtharkaras or merely fly whisk bearers. The pre-Calukyan temples are almost devoid of this class of figures but the Calukyan temples have them in abundance. Generally these figures accompany the different deities that are sculptures on the walls of the temple. The attendant figures have an individuality in case of certaing gods and goddesses. They arenot there are Camarabearers but they have to perform their own duty. The sage Tumburu or Narada plays on his Vina, while the attendants of Surya-Pingala and Danda holds an ink-pot and a staff reprectively. Here the sculptor gets an opportunity to show his skill in portraying various gestures and poses. Dancing and amorous figures The Narathara (the moulding of human figures) though not found in the pre Calukyan temples, is common in the medieval temples of Gujarat. It is well illustrated on the basements of the Calukyan temples as Ruhavi, Sander, Motab, Samala Modhera etc. The men and women therein appear to represent persons on a royal highway, as it is sometimes called Rajavithi. How and why a narathara came to be sculpture on the basement wall, cannot be definitely explained. It seems that the idea was taken from the practice of portraying a procession of men and women on the gateway of Buddhist stupas. It is true that in Narathara man the top-most intelligent animal is represented. Amorous couples or Mithuns figures are presented on many of the Calukyan temples. These figures are the descendants of the gay, dancing and so often nude figures. Dancing and amorous figures are found on the walls (janghas) of the shrine and mandapa, usually on either side of the panels of gods and goddesses. Many of them are of singular beauty. They are found on the temples at Modhera, Abu, Vadanagar (Hatakesvara), Dvaraka (Trikamaji temple in the vicinity of Dvarakadhisa temple, Rukmani temple), Bhutia Vasana (near Patan), Khadosan, Siddhapur (Rudramala), Kamboi, Mandrapur, Motab, Taranga etc. Speciment of amorous couples seemt o be best preserved on the old shrine at Motab and dancing figures in the temple at Modhera. According to Dr. K. F. Sompura, 4 "The decoration of buildings by the representation of Mithuns had become a facourite practice of sculptures throughout India. The injuction 'fhehu faqa' was carried too far. The Jagannatha, Konarka and other temples in Orissa; the Khjuraho temples (Madhya Pradesh), the Hoyasala temples at Halebid (Mysore) are marked with such figures. Much curiosity prevail among Indian as well as foreign scholars regarding the erotic aspects o temple sculpture. Francis Leeson has summarised several theries as follows (1) The Mithuns are symbols of Sakti-both sexes in one god-representing the 90 24H/24: Y. 28, 239-2, 2104 - 2012., 2009 For Private and Personal Use Only

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oneness of god or the magic syllable AUM. (2) They are representation of supreme bliss, an attempt in earthly terms to convey the meaning of heavenly repture. (3) The mithuns are templations to laud thoughts, but expressly to be overcome by the devout. (4) They are just innocent depiction's of a human activity in the same way as other sculptures show scenes of dancing, fighting, making music, praying etc. (5) The mithuns were intended as a protection against the evil eye, "lightening" etc. (6) They attract grosser-minded people to come to church, if only for the initial pleasure of examining them. (7) The mithuns are there for the sexual education of the yound and ignorant, as a sort of illustrated Kamasutra. (8) They are straight forward representations of ritualistic orgies or yogic postures. Having taken into account the various therioes about the significance of sculptures representations of erotic postures in temples, examined them in light of the canons prescribed in the silpa works Dr. B.J. Sandesara' has justified their place in temple sculpture as illustrating Kama which is induced among the three Purusarthas leading to Moksa. Thus, the temple is expected to contain aspects of Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksa. The ancient Indians were not averse to giving due justice to all the purusarthas in their various artistic manifestations. Animal Sculpture Pre-Calukyan temples have no animal figures. Ganga and Yamuna, the river goddesses in the Varaha temple at Kadvar have a makara and tortoise as their vehicle respectively. But now their form is hardly visible. A ro of horses (Asvathara) and elephants (Gajathara) appears as basement mouldings in Calukyan temples. It is found on the temples at Sunak, Ruhavi, Motab, Modhera and Somanatha. But it is absent in temple at Ghumali. The elephant course invariably decorates the temples of this period. The horses, for instance, at Sunak, are shown prancing in Profile and their spirited action on the whole, is well depicted. The elephants are sculptured side-wise, so that only their trunk and head are visible, but not the legs. The animal courses were carved with much regularity in Gujarat. The reasons for introducing these animal courses seem to be the same as those for the introduction of Man course-Narathara'. A detailed study of Narathara would reveal social customs, various aspects of socio-cultural life, dresses, ornaments and many other interesting information. Constructive Decorative Sculptures - A Part of Temple Architecture For Private and Personal Use Only

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By its study one can get a correct historical picture of the period. As Narthara will express human life and its various facets from birth of death, it is quite natural that the artiset will try to depict unknowingly his own surroundings. When exactly theses courses began to be used as temples decorations, is uncertain. After the Gupta period, we find theses courses soon. For the tratment of animals is already concentional when we see them in the temples of the 10th and 11th centures. The conventional use of animals is not found in the Navalakha temple at Ghumali. But here on one side of the shrine are sculptured two elephants-fighting or playing with their trunks, outstretched front and slightly bent hid legs, uplifted trunks and protruding tusks vividly describe the elephants action. They serve a good specimen of animal sculpture in the round. Similar sculpture is also at Samala. In the Navalakha temple we meet with other animal figures- lion, bull, monkey etc. They are used as brackets of pillars. From their drawings, the best sculptures seems to be that of the bull which is seated in a crouching attitude facing the left.' Mythical figures Among the mythical or composite figures, the Kirtimukha and makara are most common in Gujarat as well as Indian sculpture in general. The pre-Calukyan monuments, incluidng the temples at Than and Sutrapada which from a transitional stage, are surpirsingly devoid of this ornament. In Calukyan temples, the Kirtimukha figures almost invariably seen in the temples. The plces, it decorates, are the basement, usually its topmost moulding-as in the temples at Sunak, Kasara, Ruhavi, Motab, Kanoda, Delmal except at Taranga and shafts of short or long pillars (generally the top-most band, just below the amulets). In the temple at Modhera it is also found on the sur-capital of pillars of the mandapa, at Delmal, inset on the back of the mandapa wall, where as in the triple shrine at Kasara, it is placed on each side of the threshold. The Kirtimukha, at all those places, is sculptured facing the full front. The figures show that it is already stylised. Its evolution can be traced back to Gupta temples and Ajanta caves of the Vakataka period, where the form, inspite of being decorative, is realistic. It must be noted here that Kirtimukha even in its eary from is absent in the Brahmanical architecture as well as on the Jain and Buddhist stupas. It seems to have been introduced during the Gupta period, after which it became a stock featured of the temples of medeival India. The makara as a Vahana of the river goddesses Ganga and tortoise as Yamuna is found at two places only in the temples at Kadvar and Than. The figure at the former place is too indistinct to make any comparison with figures outside Saurastra. The figure at Than though not so very clear, gives no indication of the shape of its mouth. Representation of its body with nearly 1 meter in length looks naturalistic like the early figures 12 zut : 4.28,249-2, 2014 - ., 2009 For Private and Personal Use Only

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(at Bharut-Cousens) but the tail is florid, like the tail of a similar figure from the 5th century. Gupta shrine at Tigava (M.P.) Generally in the Calukyan monuments the makara serves as a decorative figure, mainly as a brackets of pillars with makara-toranas. Instance of these are found in the temples at Modhera. Somanatha and Abu and in the Kirti-torana at Siddhaput, Vadanagar, Kapadvanj and Piludra. Only the part of bust of the makara is sculptured at theses places. The tail, if any has merged into the bracket. This from is more advanced than the earlier ones, but there is no striking difference. Even in the early stages a makara was never realistically sculptured. Its mouth was like that of an alligator or crocodile, but the tail resembled that of a fish. Along with the Makara may be mentioned the fish which is sculptured on the brackets of the pillars in the Navalakha temple at Ghumali. This motive is totally new to Gujarat sculpture and from the drawing it appears to be most relistically done. Its presence at Ghumali cannot be explained at present except as a clan (totemic) motive of the Jethavas of Ghumnali. An animal motive equally new as the fish is the 'griffin' which is found in the same temple attached as brackets to small pilasters and colonnades. Burgess at another place calls the griffon figure Sardhula. From the photograph given by Burgess (AKK PLXLIV. Fig.2) it seems to be a prancing animal (horse or lion.) Rare in Gujarat, this motive is a common feature of the Candela temples at Khajuraho (M.P.). The Navalakha temple has also given us figures of a bird, swan etc. The naturalness of these two possess (AKK XLIII figs. 7 and 15) one turning back, its long neck and ruffling or scratching its feathres, the other as if playing with its companion remind us of similar reproduced by griffins from the paintings at Ajanta. Dwarfs are a common and interesting features of Gujarat sculptures. These nude, stunded, pot-bellied, oval-faced figures always facing the full front appear as pillarbrackets in temples, for instance at Sunak, Kasara, Virta," Delmal and Ghumali. From early times, such figures have been thought fit to bear heavy burdens. (C) Design sculpture is divided into three classes (i) Architectural designs, (ii) Geometric designs and (iii) Floral designs. (i) Architectural designs The Caitya-window ornament occurring almost invariably at all periods on India monuments may be called on architectural design. The early from of this ornament imitates the window-like, hollow portion on the facade of the Caitya-caves. In Gujarat Constructive Decorative Sculptures - A Part of Temple Architecture 13 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Saurastra, a cave of this type is not found so far. But the Caitya-window design does figure in the caves at Talaja and Junagadh and on the temple at Gop. But in finish and elegance of execution of the outline the Caitya-window designs at Uparkot and Gop are much superior to those at Talaja. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir The Gop-Uparkot Caitya-window form persists in the rest of the pre-Calukyan temples at Visavada, Bilesvara and Sutrapada with hardly any modification. As the form now decorates the sikhara, its number is consequently increased. Two changes are seen in the Caitya-window design in Calukyan temples. The first is the change in its form, the second is the increased decorative use of it. Both these new features are fully exhibited in the old temple at Thyan. The pyramidal crowning of niched figures with Caitya-window deisgns is a characteristic features of Calukyan temples without any exception. Besides this use, the Caitya-window was made to decorate other part of the temple as well. As a rule it is found on the basement mouldings above the Asvathara (horse-course), on the projecting course between the wall of the base and wall of the shrine. Between the roof and shrine-wall arranged in tiers in the form of a pyramid over niched-figures and lastly over the entire face of the sikhara. Departure from this exhaustive exhibition of Caitya-window designs at Sunak is noticed in the Jain temples at Taranga and Sarotra, where only the niched figures on walls are ornamented with this design. (ii) Goemetric designs The caves and pre-Calukyan temples is Saurastra do not seem to contain such sculptured ceiling.s The Sabha-mandapa of every Calukyan temple, it appears, had a sculptured ceiling. The surviving evidence shows that it was usually of a geometric pattern; but at times also of a floral or mixed type or one containing human figures. Purely geometric designs are seen in the Sabha-mandapa of the temples at Sunak, Sandera, Dhinoj and in the Vimal and Tejapala's temple at Abu. 14 Floral and geometric designs are found on ceilings in the porhces of the temples at Gorad and Vadanagar. In the former a conventionalised flower is placed inside a square; in the latter stylised floral deign is cut out in very bold relief inside a parallelogram. The concentric circle design was very popular in early mediaeval temples. It occurs in the contemporary Calukyan temples and the mediaeval temples of the Deccan. A Few modern temples also have it. Gujarati sculptors now-a-days call it 'Kachala' and 'Zummar' (coconut shell and pendant) design. (iii) Floral designs Floral designs comprise leaf and flower, creeper and purely leaf decorations. The sAmIpya : pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pillars, basements (of shrine and mandapa) and door-frames of the Calukyan temples are lavishly decorated with the carvings of leaf and flower creeper especially encircled within a circular or semi-circular frame. Another design, clisely related with the preceding one is what is known as the pot and foliage motif. It is almost an invariable feature of the Calukyan temples. There a conventionalised vase, from which spring forth buds and flowers and a broad indented leaf falling down on either side of the vase, decorated usually the middle part and capitals of short pillars of the mandapa. Exmaples of these may be taken from the temples at Sunak, Sandera, Kasara, Modhera, Somanatha, Sejakpur and Ghumali. The design which is called 'string course, scroll or creeper' is essentially flora. Among the pre-Calukyan temples it is found to a certain extent on the door frame of the Kadvar temple, where it is mixed up with a diamond design. The door jambs of the shrine of temples at Modhera, Delmal, Kasara, Lovarali, Vadanagar etc. are lavishly decoarated with running flower and creeper pattern. The square, round, lozenges adorned with flowers and creepers and encircled by rosery are the composite form of floral and geometrical designs. 12 Footnotes 1. We find human figures on the friezes on the stupa at Sanci, Mathura and Amaravati and early Buddhist caves. (Archaeology of Gujarat, D.S. Sankalia) 2. A.G. p. 117 3. A.G. p. 121 4. The structural temples of Gujarat (p. 468) 5. Kamasilpa, III, p.. 31.34. According to the Visnudharmottara Purana (Ad. XLIII, 11-12) all the nine raras including the srngara may be illustrated in a temple. The Mayamata (XXXIV, 12) and the silparatna (XLVI, 8-9) describe that the decorative sculptures in temples must ilustrate all the three vargas or purusarthas and include scenes of life and postures of dancing. The Samarangana Sutradhara (LXXXII, 1-3) also corroborates it. The nude figures are forbidden in the residential buildings (see silparatna XLVI, 9-10) and Vasturatnakara, Gshopakarna, Prakarana 77-78) Itihasa ni Kedi, pp. 87 ff. 8. "Patthara Bole Chhe" (51) by Dr. Priyabala Shah. 9. AG pp. 122-123. 10. For all such figures are : Burgess AKK Plt. XLIII p. 180 (brackets from the pillars in Navalakha temple. Ghumali). 11. Virta has a neat little temple of Nilakanthesvara (8 kms. N.W. of Gorad, Mehsana). (pl. 195) K.F. Sompura). 12. Dr. K. F. Sompura, The structural temples of Gujarat, (p. 473-74). Constructive Decorative Sculptures - A Part of Temple Architecture 15 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Pushyamitra Founder of Sung Empire Dr. R. P. Mehta* 'Pushyamitra was regarded as a champion of the Brahman reaction which set in after the triumph of Buddhism during Asoka's reign. he was remembered as a king of Maghdha and as suzerain over dominions in the Punjab which had owned the sway of his Maurya predecessors.'- Prof. E.J. Repson' mentioned Pushyamitra's contribution to the Indian history. Manuscripts usually read Pushpamitra. But Pushymitra is the correct from [Buhler ind. Ant. ii. 362]. According to Mr. Fleet', who quotes Professor Weber as agreeing with him, the name should be spelled Pushyamitra. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Pushyamitra, the commander-in-chief, (f) having slain his master Brahadratha Maurya, and imprisoned the minister, usurped the vacant throne, and established himself as sovereign of the now contracted Maurya dominions; thus founding a dynasty known to history as that of the Sungas. Pushyamitra's (c. 187-151 B.C.)5 dynastic name Sunga is obscure." (i) According to one theory, the Sungas were Iranians, worshippers of the Sun (Mithra). (ii) Others regarded them as Brahmanas. Second opinion is more plausible. Bhramana origin of the Mauryan Genral, Pushyamitra, ia referred to in many works. - The beginning of the Bharahut inscriptions is during the reign of the sungas. According to Panini, an affix 37 comes after the Sungas only when the sense is a descendant of the family of Bharadvaja. Evidence from the Puranas, relating to the genealogy of the sungas does furnish a uniform table, though there are slight variations in the length of reign, and occasionally, in names as well. Pargiter considered for the Pushyamitra in this table * Pushyamitra-The commander in chief and the uprooter of Brhadratha, 36 years." Pushyamitra slew his master and regioned in his stead. If chronology of the Puranas may be trusted, this event happened 137 years after the occasion of Chandragupta, i.e. c. 187 B.C. and the reign of Pushyamitra lasted for Thirty-six years, i.e. c. 151 B.C. The dominions of Pushyamitra extended to the river Narmada and included the cities of Pataliputra, Ayodhya, Vidisa, Bharahuta and if Taranatha" is to be believed Director, B.J.Institute of Learning and Research, H. K. Arts College Compound, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad-9 sAmIpya : pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe., 2007 16 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Jalandhara. It appears from the Divyavadana", that the included sakala and himself continued to reside in Pataliputra. Pushyamitra, was Mauryan genral for 24 years. So, even after accession to the power, he assumed the title of or fa and it is reffered to in Puranas, Harivansa and Harsacarita." In the Harivansa", the Brahman Senani restoring the Asvamedha sacrifice is mentioned. Banabhatta (c. 607-648 A.D.), who flourished eight centuries after the event of assasination, relates some details of the story." Buhler translates the passage 'And reviewing the whole army, under the pretext of showing him his forces, the main general Pushyamitra crushed his master, Brihadratha the Maurya, who was weak of purpose. The rendering by Cowell" and Thomas"" deffers but slightly having displayed his whole army on the pretext of manifesting his power". Buhlar's version is preferable. Dr. Radha Kumud Mookerji" describes this event, on the basis of this passage: Pushyamitra, the senapati or commander-in-chief, assembled the entire Maurya imperial army, evidently on the pretext that he was anxious that his sovereign should see for himself with his own eyes what a fine fighting force he could put into the field of battle, and then assessinated him at the miliatary parade and review. Already Pushyamitra was carefully preparing the ground for his coue D'E'TAT by seducing his army from its loyalty to the Maurya king. The event was famous in the contemporary society. A commentator of Banabhatta confirms this fact. The Brahman general could not find the situation rather easy. In fact last years of the Mauryan rulers, who were very weak, witnessed the collapse of the vast Asokan empire in different directions. The first task before the new ruler was to integrate the loose fabrics, and reclaim the lost portion of the Maurya empire to a considerable extent. The chief events of his reign were - (i) The settlement of the Vidisa and Vidarbha affair. (ii) The invasion of the Yavanas, very likely twice. (iii) The performance of two horse-sacrifices. (iv) The possible invasion of Magadha by King Kharavela of Kalinga as suggested by some scholars. (i) The only reference to the Vidarbha problem is afforded by the Malavikagnimitra of Kalidasa." The relation between Vidarbha and Vidisa became straine. Vidarbha king Yagnasena arrested Madhavasena, his own cousin. Madhavasena was friend of Agnimitra, Pushyamamitra's son. Agnimitra defeated Yagnasena and released Madhavasena. Now, Pushyamitra Founder of Sung Empire For Private and Personal Use Only 17

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Vidarbha was divided between two cousins; under Pushyamitra as their suzerain. (ii) It is porbable that there were two invasions - as mentioned by Apollodorus23 - during the reign of Pushyamitra. (a) The first one seems to have taken place in the earlier part of his reign. This invasion witnessed by Patanjali and quoted by him as an illustration of perfect present tense. Saketa or Ayodhya and Madhyamika (near chitor) were besieged by a Yavana or Greek.24 But internal dissentions at home, compelled the yavanas to retire from Madhyadesha. This success against Yavanas gave Pushyamitra, a status, a position. (b) Second invasion is reffered to in the Malavikagnimitra.25 The conflict took place in connection with the hourse-sacrifice of Pushyamitra. The Greeks were defeated on the South bank of the Sindhu by Vasumitra, Pushyamitra's grand son. The Greek was Menender-Demetrius' commander. (iii) Ayodhya inscription refers to two horses - Sacrifices performed by Pushyamitra.26 The performance of two sacrifices by him was probably meant as proclamation of his double victory over the Greeks. They also prove the revival of the Brahmanical sacrificial cult, which was put down by Ashoka. The Buddhist tradition describes him as a crual persecutor of Buddhism. He is said to have destroyed monasteries and killed the monks in course of his march to Sakala, where he declared a prize of one hundred gold coins on the head of each monk.27 But though Pushyamitra was strong adherent of Brahmanical religion, there is no evidence to show that he was intolerant of Buddhism. The great Buddha Stupa at Bharahuta was erected during his reign. The memorable horse-sacrifice of Pushyamitra marked, the beginning of the Bhrahmanical reaction, which was fully developed five centuries later in the time of Samudragupta and his successors. (iv) Dr. Smith If, in the Oxford history of India, accepts the view that Kharavela, king of Kalinga, defeated Pushyamitra who is called Bahapatimita or Bahasatimita in the Hathigumpha inscription. (c. 156 B.C.)29, Prof. Dubreuil 30 also seems to endorse the view that Kharavera was antagonist of Pushymitra. But Kharavela must be assigned either to the third century B.C. or to the first century B.C. In either case, he could not have been a contemporary of Pushyamitra. Pushyamitra stemmed the tide of Greeks and mainted the authority over a large part of the empire. He revived the Brahmanical influence and imporatance of the Bhagavata religion. He also witnessed the revivals in art and literature. The great grammarian Patanjali, the Bharahuta Stupa, an important school of art in Vidisa-these are the glorious landmarks by his reign. References 1. Rapson E. J. - The Cambridge History of India; Vol. I; S. Chand & Co., New Delhi; 1962; Second Indian Reprint; 1962; p. 467 2-3. Smith Vincent A. - The early history of India, Clarendon Press, Oxford; 1908; Second edition; h zual: . 28, zis 9-2, 104 - 2744., 2009 For Private and Personal Use Only

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p. 186, Fn. 1. Tawney C.H. - mAlavikAgnimitram: Indological Book House; Varanasi; 1964; Third edition : preface, p. XI, fn. 1. Minister's name was Maha-amatya Kaundinya. Dhumaketu- Magadha Senapati Pushyamitra; Gurjar Prakashana, Ahmedabad; 1959; Prathama avrutti; p. 33 Majumdars R.C. - The age of imperial unity, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan; Bombay; 1951, first published; p. 97 Rayachaudhuri Hemchandra - Political History of Ancient India, University of Calcutta, 1927; second edition; p. 235 Puri (Dr.) Bali Nath - India in the time of Patanjali; Bharatiya Vidhya Bhavan, Bombay: 1950; pp. 19-20 Smith-Ancient; p. 186, fn. 2 vikarNa zuGgacchagalAd vatsabhAradvAjAtriSu / / 8-1-117 // siddhAntakaumudI-caukhambA amara bhAratI prakAzana, vArANasI, 1997 puSyamitrastu senAnIruddhatya sa bRhadratham / kArayiSyati vai rAjyaM SaTtriMzati sabhA nRpaH / matsyapurANam... // 272-26 / / AnandAzrama mudraNAlaya, pUnA; 10-11. Raychaudhuri - History; p. 236 12-13. Puri-Patanjali, pp. 19-21 14. sahAya (DaoN.) rAjavaMza 'hIrA' - saMskRta sAhityakoza; caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI; 1973, prathama saMskaraNa; pR. 302 15. prajJAdurbalaM ca baladarzanavyapadezadarzitAzeSasainyaH, senAnIranAryo maurya bRhadrathaM pipeSa puSpamitra: svAminam / harSacaritam-SaSTha ucchavAsa; caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI; 1989. 16-17-18. Smith-Ancient; p. 186. fn. 1 19. Majumdar - Age; p. 95 21. prajJetyAdi spaSTA kathA - zrI zaGkaraviracitA 'saGketa' vyAkhyA / harSacaritam SaSTha ucchavAsaH / caukhambA / 1989 Tawney - mAlavikAgnimitram, aGka -1, 5 23. Puri --- Patanjali; p. 29 aruNadyavanaH sAketam aruNad yavano mAdhyamikAm / mahAbhASyam - 3/2/3; motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI; 1967 Tawney - mAlavikAgnimitram, aGka-5 26. dvirazvamedhayAjinaH senApateH puSyamitraraya | Puri - Patanjali, p. 32 27. puSyamitro yAvat saMdhArAmAn bhikSuzca pradyAtayan prasthitaH / sa yAvacchAkalamanuprAptaH tenAbhihitam / yo me zramaNaziro dAsyati tasyAhaM dInArazataM dAsyAmi // (divyAvadAna) zarmA (DaoN.) zyAma - saMskRta ke aitihAsika nATaka; devanAgara prakAzana, jayapura-3; 1975, pR. 230, pA.TI. Raychaudhuri - History : p. 237 Ibid., pp. 237-238; Rapson - Cambridge; p. 642 Raychaudhuri - History, p. 237 25. 30. Pushyamitra : Founder of Sung Empire 18 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra The Churches of Ahmedabad built during the British Period www.kobatirth.org Thomas B. Parmar The church architecture began to construct in Gujarat with the spread of christianity. The word 'church' is derived from a Greek root Kuptakov properly adjective of the Lord, dominicum, dominical means 'house of the Lord', as a name of the Christian house of worship.' In short the Christian house of worship is called church. The word 'church' is also used for the Christian Soceity. But here it is used. for the Christian house of worship. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The Churches built in Ahmedabad during the British Period (1818 to 1947) are six in numbers. Three of them belong to Roman Catholic and three to Protestant. In historical order they are as under: * + Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, 1842 (?) Christ Church, 1848. 20 Church of Immaculate Conception, 1866 (?) St. Georges Church, 1882 St. Paul's Church, 1882 (?) I.P. Mission Church, 1900 Church No. 1, 3 and 5 belong to Roman Catholic while church No. 2, 4 and 6 belong to Protestant. Most of them are built in Gothic Style. They can be described as under : 1. The Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel : This Roman Catholic church is situated about 130 yards to the South-East of Rani Rupamati mosque on Mirzapur road. In Ahmedabad the first Roam Catholic chaplain was appointed in 1830 and first small church was built in 1842. The original chapel was small plain building. In 1864 it was enlarged. The other source tells that Fr. Peter d'Oliveira from Mahim built it in 1856 which stood up to 1969. The Original Structure can not be traced at present. 2. The Christ Church : This Protestant church is situated on Mirzapur road near R.C. Highschool. This church is named 'English Church' in Bombay Gazetteer. In present it is known ast Christ Church. It was conscerated by Bishop Carr on 6th January, 1848. Lecturer, H. K. Arts College, Dept. of Indian Culture, Ahmedabad-9 The Paper was read in 32nd All India Oriental Conference, 1984, Ahmedabad. sAmIpya : pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe, 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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It is built in Elizabethan style with lancet windows, pointed titled roof and western belfry. The plan has a form of a cross. The Church east to west is in 25'-8" length and 70'-5" in breadth. It is constructed in brick and faces to west. The projected entrance porch is to south. A small projected room is to north in axial line of the entrance porch. Southern and northern wall of the nave each contain four windows. Eastern and Western walls are closed with lancet windows. The altar is to east with ciborium. Three steps leading up to the altar. So the Ground floor of the altar is little higher than the flour of the nave. A small belfry rests on the western top of the nave with a simple cross. 3. The Church of Immaculate Conception This church is situated in cantonment area on airodrome road. In original form it was a chapel and was opened in 1856 and rebuilt in 1866. Another opinion is that in 1865 Fr. Peter started to build in Gothic style the church of camp blessed in 1870.8 It is still in be used as a parish. This simple brick structure is built in area of 62'-6" x 32'-6". It faces to west. The main entrance is to west. Eastern end is without apse, but closed with three lancet windows. The whole church is constructed on the platform. It is thached with double sloping roof with tites. The roof is supported on the wooden frame. A simple corss is raised on the eastern top of the roof. Western belfry also contain a simple cross. Southern and northern walls of the nave each contain 6 doors. 4. St. George's Church This Gothic architectural monument is situated in the cantonment area near the temple of Hanuman. The corner stone of the church was laid on 22nd September, 1880' by Major General J. W. Schneider. It was conscecteted by C.M. Cruickshankere on 8th September 1881.0 The Church presents a homogeneous Gothic character. It is brick structure and faces to west. Eastern wall is without an apse but it contains three beautiful stained windows. The cruicification and the ressurrection of Chirst is depicted in the middle window. The altar with ciborium is raisted on double platforms. The first platform with three steps and second platform with five steps leading up to them. A balcony with railing is projected to left side of the altar. The nave is simple and astyler. Two corridors are attached to northern and southern walls of the nave. Each wall of the nave contains seven doors. Two arcaes are arranged in the corridor : one faces to west and other faces to south. An octagonal shaped buptismal font stonds on north-west corner of the nave. Double sloping roof is thached on the altar, the nave and the porch, while on corridors single sloping roof is thached. The roof on the nave is little The Churches of Ahmedabad built during the British Period 21 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Nu Christ Church, Mirzapur Ahmedabad higher than the roof on the altar. The entrance porch is in front of the splayed door. In this church two type of cross can be seen : (1) Swinnerton cross on the belfry and eastern top of the roof of the altar. (2) Latin cross on the top of eastern and of the nave. The plan of this chuch does not follow the form of a cross. A rose window is arranged under the belfery. 5. St. Paul's Church This church is situated near Sabarmati Railway colony on road to Kabir chowk. It was built in 1882" but being replaced by present church in 1904.12 This brick structure is built on a platform. The plan has a form of a cross. The altar is without ciborium. A large room is constructed behind the altar. Six windows are arranged in each side-wall of the nave. Two small rooms are projected on sidewalls between the altar and the nave. The interior openings of these rooms are arched and face to the nave while the exterior opening are with wooden doors. An arched partition is raised between the altar and the nave. A simple wheel cross is raised on the belfry. A rose window is arranged under the belfry. 6. I. P. Mission Church : This church is situated in Raikhad area near Victoria (Tilak) Garden. The foundation stone records the erection of the church in 1900. East to west it is 62'-6" in length and 32'-6" in breadth. Eastern end of the church is in pentagonal form. Each side of the pentagon contains an arched window. The altar does not contain ciborium. A baptismal font is raised to the left side of the altar. A small balcony with wooden railing is projected on the right side of the altar. 22 21744:4. 28, zis 4-2, 2014 - 24., 2009 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Northern wall contains 5 twin-windows while souther wall contains 4 twin windows. Two room are projected on each wall of the nave in axial line. The porch is to west. It is opened from north and south but western side is covered with perforated lattice with gcometrical and flora-founa designs. The main door is made of wood and set it an arched fram. A rose-window is arranged on the facade under the belfry. Six wooden arches support the double sloping roof above the nave. These arches are supported by six wooden pilasters with cornthian capitals. The roof above-the altar is single sloping type. It is remarkable that there is not a single cross raised on the roof, not even on the belfry. They might have fallen. The plan is in the form of a cross. Architectural Characters : Some architectural characters of these charches are described as under : (1) All churches are built in Gothic style. except Christ church which is built in Elizabethan style. (2) They all are built in brick. (3) They all face to west. (4) All have belfry on the western top of the nave. (5) Crosses are four types : Latin Cross, Greek Cross, Wheel cross, and Swinnerton cross. (6) Only the St. George's Church contain the stained-glass window which is the main feature of European Churches. Foot-notes 1. Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics Vol. II, New York, 1910, p. 617-623; The Oxford English Dictonary, Vol. II, p. 403 Boyd, Robin, Church History of Gujarat, Madras, 1981, p. 28 3. Bombay Gazatteer, Vol. V, p. 279 4. Vargheese Paul, S.J. (E.d.) 'Ahmedabad Mission Golden Jubille Suvenir, 1934 1981, Ahmedabad, 1984, p. 172 Bombay Gazatter, Vol. V, p. 279 6. Boyd Robin, op. cit., p. 26 7. Ibid., p. 28 8. Vargheese Paul, op. cit., p. 174 10. Boyed Robin in his 'Church History of Gujarat', p. 26 gives the year of the conscecration 1882. But it is not correct. The inscription about conscecration itself records the year 1881. 11. Vargheese Paul, op.cit., p. 28 12. Boyd, Robin, op.cit., p. 28 The Churches of Ahmedabad built during the British Period 23 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Step Wells in Gujarat, Rajasthan, and New Delhi* Richard Cox R. T. Savalia* [Richard Cox, a Visited January February 2007 for his project on stepwells, in Gujarat Rajasthan and New Delhi. This project is supervised by Dr. R.T. SAVALIA, Sr. Lecturer of Our institute. He has successfully guided thses research scholar. I please to present here the joint report of Mr. Rechard Cox and Dr. Savalia- Director). Introduction Over the last 14 years I have been returning to India (7 times to dates) since first visiting in 1993 to set up the Wales/Rajasthan Exchange Programme for the Arts Council of Wales. My experience of visiting this vast sub-continent, has increasingly found its way into the imagery of my work, especially certain aspects of traditional architecture. Indeed on my first visit to Rajasthan I was taken by Ram Avatar Soni to visit Abhaneri an impressive 10th century Tank (Kund) 130 km. from Jaipur. The transparencies I took at that time, and in 1997 on a second visit, have fromed the start of a series on which I am currently working. This series also includes the Stone Observtories which will be referred to later. It was to exhibit some of this work and to research further aspects that I organised a two-month's travelling and working visit to India in 2007. India : Aims and Objectives Over a two month's visit I pursued three related projects : Traveling in Rajasthan, M. Pradesh and Gujarat, I visiteid 55 step Well sites, (Baoris, Vavs) and Tanks (Kunds) photo documenting them for publication and exhibition in 2008. This involved car and driver hire for travelling over 3000 k.m. On my return to the UK in March, I spent a further weeks developing the images produced in India. These comporised over 700 digital phtographs and 450 on traditional slide film. The main reason for the documentation was to see a board cross section of the different kinds of Step wells, and Tanks, however, in addition to these, I also visited + Sr. Lecturer, Art and Design, Gallery, wales (U.K.) & Director, University of wales Institute, Cardift (UWIC) Sr. Lecturer, B. J. Institute of Learning & Research, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad & Prof. Incharge, Dept. of Indian Culture, P.G. & Ph.D. Centre, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad-380009 Joint Report : (Financially supported by the Arts Council of Wales and Wales Art International with the collaboration of Cardiff School of Art & Design, UWIC, through their) RuH 4: 4. 27, wis 9-2, 14-21., 2009 2x For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra several Temples, often integral aspects of the wells, and the Stone Observatories in New Delhi, Jaipur and Ujjain. Step Well Documentation. It is difficult to generalize regarding the different structures and forms these wells take, but from my limited experience those sites I visited releaved at least four different and distinct designs with several variations. The construction of these wells reflect a numebr of influences-natural geographical features, types of soil, rainfall, groundwater level and the distinctive styles of the respective regions. The status of those responsible for their construction varies greatly, Deepa's Baori, for exmaple, was build by an itinerant gypsy, contrasting greatly with those constructed by Royal Families. Step Wells (Baori) (Vav) (Vapi). www.kobatirth.org Tanks (Kunds) Abhaneri and Todaraisingh are two of the finest examples of this design. These are both very large and make an interesting contrast with the Tanks at the Sun Temple Modehra, and Panna Meena in Amer. A further aspect of this design would better be described as "Ghats" which are stepped approaches to lakes (e.g. Rosamund) or exceptionally large reservoirs (e.g. Sarkhej Roja) Scale b. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir C. There are three distinct designs: a. The major-scale, multi-level structures as typified by the Rani ki Vav, Patan, and Adalaj Vav in Ahmedabad. These all have covered verandas and are generally large and often ornately- decorated structures. The single shaft / single stairway as seen in the Rani Queens Well in Bundi and the "L" shaped wells like AmritvarShini Vav in Ahmedabad. These are usually approached through single or multiple arches as you proceed down the stone steps. Multiple entrance Wells, I saw fewer of this kind but the best example I found was in the Red Fort in New Delhi. After years of dereliction this was fully restored between 1998-07. It has three stone stairway approaches through elegant arches to a single well. This site has not title but was converted into a prison during the 1857 Indian Mutiny by the British Raj. It is said to have been the Queen's bath at one time. The sizes are diverse, from exceptionally large wells such as Neemrana Ki Baori (1700 A.D.) being the largest and deepest I saw, to very small and almost intimate wells like Deepa's Baori (late 16th Century) in the Village of Ugwas, whose narrow entrnce Step Wells in Gujarat, Rajasthan, and New Delhi For Private and Personal Use Only 25

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is accessed through a small shrine completely over-shadowed by a very large tree that has grown directly over and through the well which must be two hundred years old. Condition The condition in which these historic sites are to be found also varies greatly. The most important sites, The Rani Queens Well in Bundi (Rajasthan), Rani Ki Vav Patan and the Sun temple in Modhera, (Gujarat), are major heritage sites fully and carefully restored and consequently in fine condition At the other end of the sepcturm there are numerous step wells located in the villages and cities that are derelict, overgrown and little more than repositories for rubbish. These could easily be missed without knowledgeable guidance. Nearly all these wells in the latter category are dry, and those which contain water are usually (but not always) badly polluted, which is the case with Gulla Ji Baori, an "L" shaped well just outside Bundi. Ashapura Vav, Saraspur-Ahmedabad This derelict Step Well was especially interesting. Hemmed in on all sides by urban development housing, the access could only be made through a temple built across the entrance. No shoes allowed in the temple which made progress through the very dark and deep lower levels a tricky business. With five levels, the octagonal well head was covered with a metal grid restricting the light at the bottom of the dry well where I distrubed a large colony of bats who were not pleased with my visit. Although it could not have been used for decades, (years of bat droppings lay undisturbed), some of the upper landing areas were being used for storage of ceramic vessels. This site was typical of the kind of location that would have proved inaccessible were it not for the expert guidance I received from my colleagues and friends in India, in this particular instance I am most grateful to Dr. R.T. Savalia of University of Gujarat, B. J. Institute of Learning and Research, Ahmedabad. The dereliction of so many wells must be placed at the door of the British Raj who declared them unhealthy and banned their use. This was a misguided policy and did not recognized the important and valuable functions they served. They are often built by royal families, Maharajas, princes and queens as acts of generosity and benevolence for the community by providing access to water in a desert environment, cool shelter and a place to meet on long journeys and as a place to worship. May of the wells are important religious sites, adjacent to temples and richly decoarated with hundreds of stone carvings of India Gods, animals and other symbols. These structures served many other purpose. As places of entertainment, there are dance platforms built in Baoris to be found in Kota (Amli Meena), for recreational bathing thus serving a very different purpose to providing 26 20144:4. 28, 2i9-2, luct-., 2009 For Private and Personal Use Only

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a place to bath and cleanse the body following a funeral ceremony. Many sites maintained and in use are, nonetheless, in need of restoration. Wells in use were the minority of those I saw, however, had I visited a short times after the Monsoon, I expect many more wells would have been functioning. Not typical in the experience of this trip, the Step wells I visited in Nathdwara with Dr. Gagan Dadhich, were nearly all filled with water and in use by the town's people. Since this was the case it was only possible to see the top or, at most, the top two levels the remainder being submerged. This was the case with Gangu Kund, Baori Ganeshi, Toran Baori, Dhanmandi Baori and Talab Kund. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Panna Meena Amber Located close to the Amber Fortess 10 km. from Jaipur, Panna Meena 1200 AD is one of several stepwells in this immediates area. Recently restored and painted a deep canary yellow, its structure is similar to Abhaneri and Todaraisingh with three descending stepped levels forming an invert "V", but a good deal smaller. Rani Ki Vav, Patan The Queen's Step Well at Patan is probably the finest exponent of this kind of well. Build in the 11th century by Rani Udayamati, queen of the Chalukya king Bhimdev I, (1022-1064), this impressive well has seven stories and measures 65 metres long, 20 metres wide and 28 metres deep. Its seven interlocking tiers with corridors and multiple-level landings from intricate and distinctive spaces for travelers to rest and escape the day's heat. (In this part of India temperature can reach 40 to 44 in April/May). The well has a "deep octagonal shaft, with wide flights of steps and foliate designs etched into the dark grey stone walls and pillars with detailed carvings of Lord Vishnu and Goddess Durga. ".... In between the wall surfaces present the panorama of imagery and figurative carvings, rich in iconographic details and symbolism. It has two large open squares, delineated by a covered multilevel colonnade. Four Yakshas are carved on to the column holding aloft the structural beams. The Vav houses 500 sculptures in all directions, pavilions and pillars and the niches on the walls."3 Sun Temple and Tank, Modhera (Mahesana) Constructed between 1026-27 AD., it was built in the reign of Solanki King Bhimdev. It is located on the left bank of the Pushpavati river in Mahesana Dirstrict, "Modhera, sometime called Mundera, means "Mound of the Dead" and is the original settlement of the Modha Brahmans. Step Wells in Gujarat, Rajasthan, and New Delhi For Private and Personal Use Only 27

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The temple complex is made up of three elements : The main temple complex, including the sanctum with ambulatory, lateral transepts and porch. A detached assembly hall with a torana in front (Dancing Hall/ Sabhamandapa). A large rectangular Tank decorated with numerous miniature shrines." It was the Tank that was of particular interest to me although the Sun Temple is clearly the most important aspect of this complex. My guide Dr. R. T. Savalia has published a detailed account of the history and architecture of this important heritage site. Raniji Ki Baori, Bundi Bundi is said to contain over sixty Step wells, this may be the case but I only located nine, Raniji Ki Baori being one of the finest examples of its kind. It is fully restored and in exceptional condition. It was built in 1600 AD by Rani Natawati, wife of Rao Raja Anirudh Singh who was reported to have also been responsible for building 21 additional wells in the area. Raniji is constructed around a single stone shaft and stairwell that is 46 metres deep, 40 metres long and 30 metres wide. Throughout, is has fine stone carvings of Ganesh, Saraswati and the ten incarnations of Matsya, Varaha and Narsingh etc. There is a repeating theme of elephant carvings, especially around the high arches, with the elephant trunks raised in the act of drinking as this is a powerful symbol of good luck in India. Neemrana Ki Baori This extremely large Step Well was built about 1700 AD by Thakur Janak Singh. Its 170 stone steps descend for nine stories with two additional levels under water. The top level (what would otherwise be the ground floor"' level) has a running colonnade of 87 niches. Both side of the steps are extensive verandahs providing cool space for travelers' rest. The pillars are said to have a strong similarity to the architectural design of the pillars of the old temple at the Qutub Minar complex outside Delhi which was constructed by Prithviraj Chauhan Rajputs and one descendant of Prithviraj converted to Islam and settled in Neemrana.''S This baori is in good repair and is in use as a source of drinking water and irrigation. Abhaneri (Dausa District) Although this extraordinary site is located in a small village it was once a major centre of art and architecture a thousand years ago. "The sculptures of Abhaneri are the best examples of Gurjar Pratihari art. This flourishing town was ruined by the notorious Muhammad Ghaznavi in one of his invasions.'' Despite the destruction of the town this 10th Century Tank is in exceptionally good condition. It forms the shape of an inverted "V" with steps descending on three side and 14 visible levels divided by repeated sets of 7 steps per level. This forms a regular criss-cross stepped pattern of considerable beauty and has been constructed to be H : 4.28, vis 1-2, 1a - 22., 2009 For Private and Personal Use Only

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earthquake-proof up to 7.6 Rs. There is side to be an escape tunnel connecting this well to others but I could not confirm this. For this report I will not provide text on every site I visited having slected and briefly described a number of example above. The forthcoming publication (to accompany the 2008 exhibition) will demonstrate the unusual and specific nature of some sites through digital photography. This report does include images from some of the sites referred to in this text but I can additionally provide a more extensive folder of images if requested. Conclusion Every aspect of this visit has proved valuable, in some cases exceeding my expectations. I gained access to sites that I could never have found without the support so generously extended to me throughout. I have accumulated far more information that I will be able to assimilate and reproduce in text, however the process of selecting and refining those images that I will we use will prove very interesting indeed. My trip confirms that this area of knowledge is broad and complex and that there is much still to see and learn when the opportunity next presents itself. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Llantanam Grange Arts Centre (catalogues for each show is available) 2. Underground Shrine - Queen's Well at Patan" Sri Jaikishandas Sadani, B.J. Insti tute of Learning & Research, Ahmedabad-380009, 1998 information supplied by H. T. Kansara 4. "Dhram, Kala ane Sanskrutina Pariprekshyma Gujaratna Prachin - Sarovar. Talavo Ane Kundo", by Dr. R. T. Savalia, B.J. Institute of Learning & Research, Ahmedabad 5. Step Wells of Rajasthan" Rajasthan Tourism. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My time in India was greatly assisted through the valuable help and generosity of several friends and colleagues, especially the following: Sushma Bahl, Dr. Gagan Dadhich, Suneet Ghidial, Manish and Ena Kansara, Shahid Parvez, Dr. R. T. Savaliya, Harsiv Kuma Sharma, Lalit Sharma, Vinay Sharma, Ram Avatar Soni, Dr. Vidhyasagar Upadhyay Without the important support of the following organizations, this project would not have been possible Rajasthan School of Art, Jawahar Kala Kendra, Lalit Kala Akademi, B. J. Institute of Learning and Research-Ahmedabad, Wales Art International, Arts Council of Wales, Cardiff School of Art and Design UWIC, Step Wells in Gujarat, Rajasthan, and New Delhi 29 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 30 ELLIS Sruya Kund, Modthera nys www.kobatirth.org Rani Vav, Patan Neemarana Ki Baori, Alwar Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir sAmIpsa H pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe, 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra sAmaveda meM svara - siddhAnta paddhati viSayaka nirUpaNa / www.kobatirth.org prA. hetala paMDyA + uccAraNa prakAroM ko niyamita karane kA prayAsa vizva kI sabhI bhASAoM ne apane DhaMga se kiyA haiM / vaidika bhASA meM udAtta anudAtta, svarita Adi ke rUpa meM unhIM uccAraNa prakAroM ko niyamita karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA haiM / vaidika bhASA kI eka vizeSatA hai ki udAtta, anudAtta, svarita Adi svaro kA prayoga jahA~ zabdoM ke artha nirdhAraNa ke liye kiyA gayA vahA~ inameM vizeSa prakAra kI geyatA bhI thI / isIliye vaidika bhASA meM prayukta svara balAghAta tathA svarAghAta donoM se sambandhita haiM / prArambhika rUpa meM balAghAta aura svarAghAta sAtha sAtha meM pracalita theM aura donoM ko samAnarUpa se mahattva diyA jAtA thA / kAlAntara meM ye donoM paddhatiyA~ alaga ho gaI / artha-nirdhAraNa ke sAtha jo balAghAta svara sambaddha thA vaha dhIre dhIre lupta hotA gayA aura svarAghAta sAma ke sapta svaroM rUpa grahaNa karatA huA laukika saMgIta ke sAta svaroM ke rUpa meM parivartita ho gayA / I bAlAghAta jisakA sambandha pahale svarAghAta se bhI thA, isakI cAra prakAra kI paddhati pracalita dikhAyI paDatI haiM / cAtuH svarya paddhati, traisvarya paddhati, dvisvara paddhati, ekasvara paddhati / cAtuH svarya paddhati : isa meM mantroM kA uccAraNa udAtta, anudAtta, svarita aura pracaya ina cAra svaroM meM kiyA jAtA haiM / khANDikeya tathA aukheya-zAkhIya kRSNayajurvediyoM ke brAhmaNa meM cAtuH svarya kA vidhAna milatA hai / svarita do prakAra kA hotA hai / eka svatantra svarita aura dUsarA Azrita svarita jo svabhAvataH anudAta hotA haiN| ina cAra svaroM meM udAtta tathA svatantra svarita mUla svara kahalAte haiM tathA anudAtta, Azrita svarita evaM pracaya sAhitika svara kahalAte haiM, kyoMki ye sAMhitika dharma ke kAraNa parivartita hote haiM / prAyaH pratyeka pada meM eka varNa ko chor3a kara zeSa varNa anudAtta hote haiM 12 kucha pada aise hai jo sarvadA anudAtta hI hote haiM / tathA kucha varNa aise hote haiM jo avasthA vizeSa meM udAttayukta hote haiM, anyatra sarvAnudAtta / kucha pada aise hote haiM jo sarvadA anudAtta hI hote haiM 15 padoM meM svaroM ko eka nizcita krama meM rakhA jAtA haiM / yadi kisI pada meM cAroM svara haiM to inakA krama anudAtta, udAtta, svarita tathA pracaya hogA, jaise supezasaH / yadi udAtta, anudAtta tathA svarita ye tIna svara haiM, to ye krama meM hoMge jaise guNAnAm / yadi eka pada meM anudAtta aura udAtta do svara haiM to anudAtta pUrva meM hogA aura svarita bAda meM jaise agnim | yadi eka pada meM udAtta aura Azrita svarita do hI svara haiM yadi eka pada meM udAtta aura Azrita svara do hI svara haiM to udAtta pUrva meM hogA aura svarita saMhitAgata mantra kA eka pUrA pAda A ardharca eka ikAI mAnA saMhitika svara hote haiM / isaliye pUrvavartI tathA paravartI udAtta ke bAda meM jaise indra / yUMki svara kI dRSTi se jAtA haiM aura anudAtta, svarita tathA pracaya * - + Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir yaha zodhapatra bhASAsAhitya bhavana, gujarAta yunivarsiTI ( ahamadAbAda) kI prAdhyApikA hetala paMDyA dvArA Tradic National Seminar on Bhaskariyam Bharatiyam - Dhanvantariyam, 22th to 24th December 2006 at Banglore meM prastuta lekha / vyAkhyAtrI, saMskRta vibhAga, bhASAsAhitya bhavana, gujarAta yunivarsiTI, ahamadAbAda- 380009 sAmaveda meM svara - siddhAnta paddhati viSayaka nirUpaNa For Private and Personal Use Only 31

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kAraNa inameM parivartana hotA rahatA hai / udAtta yUMki mUla svara hotA hai, isaliye usameM koI parivartana nahIM hotA / svaryapaddhati : yaha paddhati cAtuH svarya paddhati ke samAna hI haiM / antara kevala itanA hai ki isameM kevala anudAtta, udAtta aura svarita ina tIno svaroM kA uccAraNa hotA haiM / pracaya kA svatantra rUpa se uccAraNa nahIM hotA / Rgveda mAdhyandina - saMhitA, kANva saMhitA, sAmaveda (Arcika) tathA atharvaveda meM udAtta, anudAtta aura svarita ina tInoM svaroM kA hI uccArahaNa hotA haiM / pracaya kA svatantra rUpa se uccAraNa nahIM hotA isaliye ina saMhitAoM meM prayukta svara traisvarya hI haiM / jaisA cAtuH svarya paddhati meM svaroM ke sAMhitika uccAraNa kA krama hotA haiM; vahI krama traisvarya paddhati meM bhI hotA hai / " dvisvara paddhati : isa paddhati meM kevala udAtta aura anudAtta ina do svaroM kA hI uccAraNa hotA haiM / isameM pracaya aura svarita kA uccAraNa nahIM hotA haiM / yaha paddhati zatapatha brAhmaNa, tANDaya brAhmaNa aura bhAllavi brAhmaNa meM pracalita thI / isa paddhati kI " bhASika svara" saMjJA bhI hai / isa paddhati ko gAthA svara bhI kahA jAtA hai / isa paddhati kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki brAhmaNasvara saMhitA ke svara se sarvathA bhinna hotA hai / eka svara paddhati : isa paddhati meM kevala eka svara meM hI mantroM kA uccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai / isako "tAna" svara kI bhI saMjJA dI jAtI haiM / jina vaidika granthoM meM cAtu:svarya tathA traisvarya prApta hai unakA kaI avasaroM para eka svara meM uccAraNa kA vidhAna milatA hai pANini tathA kAtyAyana ne dUra se kisI ko bulAne meM; yajJa meM tathA "vauSaTa" zabda ke uccAraNa meM eka zrutisvara kA vidhAna kiyA hai / " uparyukta cAra prakAra kI pracalita svara paddhati ke paryavekSaNa se yaha bAta spaSTa hotI ki saMhitA - kAla meM vaidikamantroM ke uccAraNa meM vividhatA dikhAyI paDatI prArambha huI / Age calakara kAvyazAstriyoM ne to spaSTa rUpa se ghoSaNA kara dI ki laukika kAvya meM svara kI gaNanA hI nahIM hai / " Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir sAmaveda kI Arcika saMhitA meM traisvarya paddhati pracalita dikhAyI paDatI hai / cUMki sAmaveda kI RcAyeM Rgveda kI RcAoM se bhinna nahIM isaliye Rgvedastha Rk kA svara sAmAnya rUpa se sAma kI Arcika-saMhitA meM jyoM kA tyoM grahaNa kiyA gayA haiM, kintu kahIM kahIM Rgveda kI Rk ke svara se sAmaveda kI Arcika - saMhitA meM saMkalita sAmayoni Rk ke svara meM antara milatA haiM / sAmaveda kI Arcika saMhitA meM Rgvedastha Rk ke udAtta svara kA tIna avasthAoM meM svarita meM parivartita hone kA darzita hotA hai | 12 1 jaba udAtta svara ardharca yA Rk ke anta meM hoM jaise 1 2 3 2 32 doSAvastardhiyA vayam (sAma. 14 ) 32 doSA'vastA'dhi'yA va'yam (R. 1.1.7) yahA~ Rgveda meM "ya' udAtta hai kintu sAmaveda meM svarita ke cihna (2) se aMkita kiyA gayA haiM / 2 jaba udAtta ke bAda koI sannatara anudAta Aye jisake ThIka bAda udAtta yA svatantra svarita ho; jaise 23 1 2 2 12 agna A yAhi vItaye (sAma. 1) agna' yA yA'hi' vI'taye (R. 6.16.10 ) yahA~ 'agna' kA prathama varNa "a" mUlataH udAtta hai, kintu sAmIpya : pu. 24, aMDa 1 -2, kheprisa - sapTe. 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Age anudAtta hone ke kAraNa svarita meM badala gayA hai / 3 yadi do yA do se adhika udAtta sannatara anudAtta se pUrva hoM to ina udAttoM meM se prathama udAtta svarita ho, jaise 33 .23 2 zaM yorabhi stravantu naH (sAma. 33) zaM. yorabhi stravantu naH (R. 10.94) sAmaveda meM sAhitika svara paddhati itanI prabhAvI thI ki svatantra udAtta bhI svarita ke rUpa meM parivartita ho jAtA thA / Acika - saMhitA kI svarAMkana paddhati : - sAma. kI Acika saMhitA meM svayaM ke aMkana kA prakAra Rgveda meM aMkana ke prakAra se bhinna haiN| Rgveda, yajarveda tathA atharvaveda meM udAtta ko anudAtta ko varNa ke nIce par3I rekhA tathA svarita ko varNa ke upara khaDI rekhA se cihnita karateM haiM; kintu sAmaveda meM yaha paddhati nahIM hai / yahA~ svaroM ko varNa ke Upara aGkoM ke dvArA cihnita kiyA jAtA haiM / udAtta : sAmaveda meM udAtta ko varNa ke Upara 1 aGka se cihnita karate haiM; jaise tvaM no agne (tvN)| jaba udAtta ke pazcAt koI anudAtta varNa Aye to usa udAtta ko varNa ke Upara 2 se aGkita karate haiM, jaise agne yA yAhiM (a) / isI prakAra eka yA adhika udAtta varNa pAda ke anta meM Aye to prathama udhAtta ko varNa 2 ke aGka se cihnita karate haiM aura zeSa ko acihnita chor3a dete haiM, jaise mahA hi SaH (hA~) / yadi aneka udAtta lagAtAra Aye aura unake bAda anudAtta varNa AtA hai to prathama udAtta ko cihnita karate hai aura dUsaroM ko acihnita chor3a dete haiM, jaise - tvamitsaprathA (tva) / jaba aneka udAtta lagAtAra AtA haiM aura unake bAda svarita AtA hai to prathama udAtta ko varNa ke Upara 1,2 se cihnita karate haiM aura dUsaroM kI acihnita chor3a dete haiM, jaise - mitraM ne zaziSam ("tra) anudAtta : sAma. meM anudAtta ko varNa ke Upara 3 ke aMGka dvArA cihnita karate haiM, jaise - agna AyAhi (gna) / svatantra svarita se pUrvavartI anudAtta ko 3 ka se cihnita kiyA jAtA haiM, jaise - abhyeti rebhan (a) / yadi do yAdoM se adhika anudAtta lagAtAra Ate hai to prathama anudAtta ko varNa ke Upara 3 aMGka se cihnita kiyA jAtA hai aura zeSa ko acihnita choDa diyA jAtA hai, jaise - jainitAgne (jni)| svarita : sAma. kI Arcika-saMhitA meM svarita svara ko varNa ke Upara 2 aGka se cihnita kiyA jAtA hai, jaise agnaM A yAhi (yA) / yadi do yA do se adhika udAtta ke bAra svarita AtA hai to use varNa Upara 22 se cihnita kiyA jAtA hai, jaise - brahmI kastaM saMparyati (s)| yadi svatantra svarita se parva koI udAtta varNa na ho aura usake pare anadAta ekati yA avasAna ho. to usa svatantra svarita ko bhI varNa ke Upara 2 2 se aGkita kiyA jAtA haiM, jaise abhyati reman (bhye) / kAmpasvara : svatantra svarita ke bAda udAtta yA svatantra svarita Ane para pUrvavartI svarita ke uttara anudAtAMza ke uccAraNa meM kampa hotA hai| sAma. kI Acika-saMhitA meM isa kampa ko cAhe vaha hasva ho yA dIrgha ho 3 ke aGka dvArA dikhAyA jAtA hai| isa meM jisa varNa para svatantra svarita se pUrva anudAtta ho to svatantra svarita ke Upara 2 kA aGka lagAte hai / jaise pAhyUstai / kintu yadi svatantra svarita udAtta sAmaveda meM svara-siddhAnta paddhati viSayaka nirUpaNa 33 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pUrva hai to usake Upara 2 cihna nahIM lagAte, jaise - tvyaa3ngg| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki kamya svara hasva nahIM hotA dIrgha hI hotA hai / / 3 sAma svaraH saptasvarapaddhati - vaidika saMhitAoM kA uccAraNa jo cAtuHsvarya yA traisvarya paddhati ke anusAra kiyA jAtA thA vaha balAghAta tathA svarAghAta donoM para AdhArita thA / svarAghAta para AdhArita uccAraNa meM eka prakAra kI geyAtmakatA thI, kintu vaha geyAtmakatA kevala Rggata padoM ke eka vizeSa prakAra ke uccAraNa meM hI sannihita thI / Rggata pada meM kisI bhI prakAra kA vikAra yA kisI prakAra kA Agama svIkArya nahIM thA, kintu dhIre-dhIre 2 svarAghAta para AdhArita uccAraNa eka vizeSa rUpa dhAraNa karatA gayA jo cAtuHsvarya yA traisvarya paddhati se alaga hokara svatantra rUpa se saptasvara paddhati ko prApta huA / 14 isaliye jaba sAma svara kI carcA karate haiM to hamArA abhiprAya isa sapta svara paddhati se hI hai, kyoMki sAma kA gAna saptasvara paddhati ke anusAra hI kiyA jAtA thaa| isa saptasvara paddhativAle gAna meM Rggata padoM meM vikAra tathA naye sArthaka yA nirarthaka padoM ke Agama bhI gAna kI suvidhA ke liye kiye jAte the / vaidika sAma kA gAna jo saptasvara paddhati meM kiyA jAtA thA usameM kauna-kauna se sAta svara the isakA spaSTa vivecana saMhitA-sAhitya meM nahIM milatA / saMhitAoM meM kevala sAta svaroM kA saMketa hI milatA hai jahA~ vANI ke sapta prakAra kA ullekha kiyA hai / vahA~ saptasvara se kina-kina svaroM kA bodha hotA hai, isakA vivecana hameM jAkara brAhmaNa granthoM meM prApta hotA haiM / sAmavidhAna brAhmaNa meM pahalIbAra sAta svaroM kA spaSTa rUpa se ullekha milatA hai / vahA~ sAta svaroM kA kuSTa, prathama, dvitIya, tRtIya, caturtha, mandra tathA atisvArya - nAma prApta hotA hai saMhi. brA. meM bhI inhIM sAta svaroM kA nAmazaH ullekha hai / sAma. ke prAtizAkhya granthoM sAmatantra puSyasUtra, paMcavidhisUtra meM ina sAta svaroM kA bhI isI nAma se ullekha prApta hotA hai / zikSAgranthoM meM ina sAta svaroM ke do prakAra ke nAma prayukta milate hai / prathama to vahI kuSTa, prathama, dvitIya Adi" aura dvitIya SaDja, RSabha, gAMdhAra, madhyama, paMJcama, dhaivata tathA niSAda ye sAta nAma milate hai / / SaDjAdi sAta svara-nAmoM kA ullekha bhASika sUtra meM bhI huA hai / bhAratIya paramparA meM ina do prakAra ke nAmoM ko alaga alaga "sAmasvara" 20 tathA "gAndharvasvara" kI saMjJA pradAna kI gayI hai| vaidikottara laukika saGgIta meM inhIM SaDja Adi svaroM kA nAma sapta svaroM ke liye rUDha huA / vAjasaneyi prAti 1.2.27 ke bhASya meM uvaTa ne sapta kA artha SaDja, RSabha Adi sAta svara kiyA hai / vahIM para "apare" kaha kara anya AcArya ke mata kA ullekha karate hue yaha likhA hai ki sapta svara kA abhiprAya yajurveda ke prasaMga se sAta prakAra kA svarita hai - jAtya abhinihita, kSetra, prarizliSTa, tairovyaMjana, tairovirAma tathA pAdavRtta / 23 kintu yaha ThIka pratIta nahIM hotA kyoMki jAtyAdi ina sAta svaritoM ko sAma gAna kaThinAI hai| jAtya, abhinihita, kSepra svarita se mAnI gayI hai / kintu ina jAtyAdiko ko SaDja Adi kA paryAya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / RkaprAtizAkhya meM inhIM svaroM ko yama kI saMjJA dI gayI hai / 25 uvaTa ne RkprAtizAkhya 1344 kI vyAkhyA meM spaSTa rUpa se likhA hai ki gAndharva veda meM jinako SaDja, RSabha Adi nAma se tathA sAma meM kaSTa, prathama dvitIya Adi nAma se pukArA jAtA hai; unhIM svaroM kI yama saMjJA hai / kuSTa, prathama Adi u4 sAmIpya : pu. 24, 1-2, aprila-sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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jo sAta nAma milate haiM unakA sAmagAna meM kyA krama hai isa viSaya meM vividhatA dikhAyI paDatI hai| vaidika svara saptaka ke liye prayukta nAmoM ke adhyayana se yaha bAta pratIta hotI hai ki vaidika sAma meM mUlataH tIna hI svara the - kuSTa, mandra aura atisvArya jo kramazaH udAtta, anudAtta tathA svarita ke hI samakakSa rahe hoMge / kuSTa ucca svara thA, mandra madhyama tathA atisvArya giratA huA nimna svara thA / kAlAntara meM kuSTa aura madhyama ke bIca meM avarohI krama se cAra svara AyAmoM kA gAna hone lagA jisakA nAma prathama, dvitIya, tRtIya aura caturtha thA / ye avarohI krama se ucca svara ke hI avAntara svarAntarAla the / sAmagAna kI paramparA meM ye hI sAta svara the / inhIM svaroM kA nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM prayoga apanI-apanI zAkhAoM meM kiyA jAtA thA / pu. sUtra kA spaSTa rUpa se yaha kathana haiM ki kauyuma zAkhA meM kevala do hI sAma. aise haiM jinakA sAta svaroM meM gAna milatA hai| anyatra kahIM do, kahIM tIna, kahIM cAra, kahIM pAMca tathA kahIM cha: svaroM meM gAna hotA hai / 26 nAradIya zikSA ke anusAra RgvediyoM kI paramparA meM prathama, dvitIya tathA tRtIya svara kA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai| nAradIya zikSA meM kucha aise AcAryoM ke mata ko uddhRta kiyA gayA hai jinake anusAra kaTha, kAlApaka, taittirIya, Rgveda tathA sAmavedI prathama svara meM hI gAna karate hai|27 kucha AcAryoM kA aisA bhI mata hai Rgveda ke gAna meM dvitIya aura tRtIya svara hote haiM / 28 yajurveda kI Avharaka zAkhA meM tRtIya, prathama tathA kuSTa svaroM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / taittirIya zAkhA meM dvitIya se lekara mandra taka arthAt dvitIya, tRtIya, caturtha tathA mandra ina cAra svaroM meM gAna kA prayoga vihita hai|39 sAmaveda kI tANDi tathA bhAllavi zAkhAoM meM svaro kA nyUnAdhika prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / 'sAmatantra svaro'nantyaH' sUtra ke dvArA pAMca svaroM ke hI pratIka - gi, ji, Di, di tathA bi - prathama, dvitIya, tRtIya caturtha evaM paMcama - kA hI ullekha karatA hai| sAmagAna meM ina svaroM kA krama aura niyama kyA hai isakA vidhAna sAmatantra meM kiyA gayA hai / pratyeka gAna meM sabhI svara ho Avazyaka nahIM / sAmagAna ke jo parva hai unameM svaroM kI vividhatA dikhAyI paDatI haiM / paryoM meM prayukta svaroM ke AdhAra para paryoM ke do prakAra ke vibhAga par3ate hai - (1) eka svara parva (2) aneka svara parva / eka svara parva : aisA parva jisameM eka svara kA gAna kiyA jAtA hai, eka svara parva kahalAtA hai| atisvArya ke atirikta anya prathamAdi cha: svaroM ke eka svara vAle cha: parvaprakAra hote haiM, jaise - tadviviDDAi parva prathama svara meM gAyA hai / 'indraMvizvAH' yaha parva dvitIya svara meM gAyA hai / I parva tRtIya svara meM gAyA gayA hai / "hitAH" isa parva kA gAna caturtha svara meM kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra 'agnidUtAm' parva mandra svara meM gAyA gayA hai / kruSTa svara meM gAye jAne vAle parva kA udAharaNa prApta nahIM hotA / aneka svara parva-aneka svara parva ve parva hai jinameM eka se adhika svaroM kA gAna kiyA jAtA hai| aise parvo ke punaH tIna prakhAra haiM - (1) anulomagIta (2) pratilomagIta (3) ubhayalomagIta kahalAtA hai / isa prakAra ke parva meM prArambhika svara U~cA tathA paravartI gAye jAnevAle svara kramazaH nIce hote hai; jaise 'andhI ai 5 3 jArI' Adi / AndhI parva meM prathama svara ke bAda dvitIya svara kA gAna kiyA gayA hai jo ki prathama se nimna hai / isa parva meM do hI svaroM kA gAna hai / isI prakAra AgnAye 5 3', 'tyA 5 3 4 m', 'pratyaigne' tIna svarayukta "to'2345I" UttaekAma Adi svaroM se yukta tathA o'23456" Adi pA~ca svaroM vAle anulomagIta parva ke udAharaNa hai / pratilomagItaparva : pratiloma sAmaveda meM svara-siddhAnta paddhati viSayaka nirUpaNa 35 For Private and Personal Use Only

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parva vaha parva hai jisameM svaroM kA gAna Aroha krama se kiyA jAtA hai / isa meM nIca svara se U~ca svara kI aura jAyA jAtA hai, jaise 'nandAi' do svara vAle isa parva meM prArambhika svara dvitIya hai tathA agalA svara prathama hai jo ki dvitIya svara UcA hai / yahI Aroha-krama hai| isI prakAra nujanA' tIna svara tathA 'sahovAnantA' cAra svara vAle pratilomagIta parva ke udAharaNa hai| ubhayavidhagIta parva : ubhayavidhagIta parva vaha parva hai jisameM svaroM ke vinyAsa meM Aroha tathA avaroha donoM krama hote hai| ubhayavidhagIta parva ke pUnaH do prakAra hai| prathama prakAra meM jisa svara se gAna prArambha kiyA jAtA hai usase nIca svaroM kA gAna karate hue punaH usI U~ce svara meM parva samApta hotA haiM, jaise 'vAizpatAI' isa parva meM prathama svara ke bAda dvitIya svara kA gAna huA hai / dvitIya prakAra meM nimna svara se parva kA prArambha karake U~ce svaroM kA gAna karate hue punaH nimna svara meM hI parva kI samApti hotI hai / jaise - 'nemahobhiH', 'praMgA3', 'dUtA'3bhvo'3', 'vizvavedoma' Adi / ina parva prakAroM ke adhyayana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki yaha vastutaH svaroM ke vinyAsa ke prakAra pA.zi. meM pada ke AdhudAtta, madhyodAtta, udAtta, anudAtta, svarita Adi nau prakAra hai jinheM padazayyA kI saMjJA dI gayI hai / 2 usI prakAra sAmagAna meM sAta svaroM ke mela se tIna sau pA~ca prakAra banate hai inheM pUrvazayyA kI saMjJA dI jAtI hai| sAmagAna sAta svaroM meM kiyA jAtA hai| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki kuSTa tathA atisvArya svara se koI bhI sAma Arambha nahIM hotA tathA kuSTa svara se kisI sAma kI samApti bhI nahIM hotI / sabhI sAma prathama, dvitIya, tRtIya, caturtha aura mandra svaroM meM se hI kisI svara se Arambha hote haiN| ina sAta svaroM ke svatantra tathA paraspara mela se vibhinna parvo kA nirmANa hotA hai| Aja prApta samasta sAmoM meM prathama svara se prArambha honevAle 92 parva, dvitIya svara se prArambha honevAle 118 parva, tRtIya svara se prArambha honevAle 45 parva caturtha svara se prArambha honevAle 25 pUrva mandra svara se prArambha honevAle 20 parva tathA kuSTa svara se prArambha honevAle 2 parva hai / sAmagAna svarAMkana paddhati : vaidika gAna meM jina sAta svaroM kA prayoga hotA hai unako sAmaveda kI gAna - saMhitA meM kramazaH ekha se lekara sAta aGkoM taka pradarzita kiyA jAtA haiM / kyoMki kuSTa svara kisI bhI gAna ke prArambha tathA anta meM prayukta nahIM hotA thA isaliye isa svara kA pratIka 7 aGkagAna saMhitA meM kahIM bhI nahIM milatA / isI prakAra atisvAryasvara gAna ke prArambha meM nahIM AtA isaliye prArambha meM mandra svara hotA hai jisako 5 aGka ke dvArA cihnita kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra avaroha krama meM jaba ina svaroM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai inakA krama |-2-3-45 hotA hai aura Arohakrama meM jaba ina svaroM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai to inakA rUpa 5-4-3-2-1 hotA hai / sAta svaroM ke pratika sAta svara 1-2-3-4-5-6-7 ina sAta aGkoM se pradarzita kiye jAte haiM / eka varNa Upara jaise udAtta, anudAtta evaM svarita ke liye Arcika-saMhitA meM svara-cihna prayoga kiyA jAtA hai aura dUsarA mantroM ke vargoM ke bIca meM jaise miyA'345m / prathama dvitIya tRtIya Adi svaroM ke dyotaka 1-2-3 Adi aGko ke atirikta bhI kucha cihnoM kA prayoga gAna graMthoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| ye cihna do prakAra ke hai - (1) akSarAtmaka (2) saMGketa cihn| akSarAtmaka : na zuddha prathama svara kA uccAraNa, jaba zuddha dvitIya svara taka kiyA jAtA hai to usako 6 sAmIpya : pR. 24, 1-2, aprila - sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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- 'namana' kahate haiM / isa varNa ke Upara "na" ke dvArA dyotita kiyA jAtA hai jaise 'Amo ' 3 vA' / vi- zuddha prathama svara kA uccAra jaba dvitIya svara taka kiyA jAtA hai to use 'vinata' kahate haiM / isa varNa ke Upara "vi" ke dvArA dyotita kiyA jAtA hai, jaise 'agninora' / namana aura vinita donoM meM prathamAdi aura dvitIyAnta svara hI hotA hai antara itanA hai ki namana meM zuddha dvitIya ko prApta hotA hai, jabaki vinata prathama zuddha svara se sIdhA varNa ke madhya meM sthita dvitIya ko prApta hotA hai / vinata sadaiva 2 svaroM meM hotA hai / 2 sAmayoni Rgata dIrgha akSara jaba sAmagAna meM bhI dIrghAkSara rahatA hai, usameM vRddhi nahIM hotI to usake sAmagAna meM varNa ke Upara "2" se cihnita kiyA jAtA hai / saGketa cihna sAmagAna-saMhitA meM prApta honevAle saGketa cihna - isa prakAra hai| - Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir - paDIrekhA (-) : pUrvavartI prathama svara kI dvitIya svara taka bhI vRddhi ko pradarzita karane ke liye dvitIya svara ko par3I rekhA (-) se cihnita kiyA jAtA hai, jaise 'tuindAva'ra: ' ( si) avagraha (S) : pUrvavartI varNa ke svara ko Age jArI rakhane ko avagraha (S) ke dvArA pradarzita kiyA jAtA hai, agnirmaho' 23 no 53m / vakracihna (^) : pUrvavartI varNa ke svara ko agrima varNa taka jArI rakhane ke vakra cihna se dyotita kiyA jAtA hai / jaise pArartha / yaha bAta ullekhanIya hai ki kahIM kahIM isa cihna kA prayoga aise varNoM para bhI milatA hai jinake pUrva avagraha nahIM hotA jaise S3 taaii| aisI sthiti meM aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha cihna pUrvavartI svara kA alage svara taka jArI rakhanA saMketita karatA hai / yaha vakra cihna varNa, varNoM ke madhya meM aGkoM tathA avagraha ko upara dikhAyA jAtA hai / dakSiNa bhArata ke hastalikhita graMthoM meM varNoM ke madhya kucha vyaMjana varNoM ko bhI likhA gayA hai / ye, tA, co, nA, ka Adi vyaMjana vibhinna svaroM ke dyotaka mAne jAte haiM / ina vibhinna svarAMkana prakAroM se aisA pratIta hotA hai yaha svarAMkana paddhati bahuta prAcIna nahIM hai / - sAmasvaroM kA gAtravINA para saGketa jisa prakAra udAtta, anudAtta aura svarita ko zukla yajurvediyoM kI paramparA meM hasta saMcAlana dvArA pradarzita kiyA jAtA hai usI prakAra sAmagAyakoM kI paramparA meM sapta svaroM kA uccAraNa hAtha kI aGguliyoM ke vibhinna sthAnoM ke sparza ke sAhacarya dvArA bhI dikhAyA jAtA hai / sAmagAna karate samaya hAtha kI aGguliyoM para svaroM kA Aropa kara kRtrima bhAva se sura kAyama rakhane kI paddhati hI gAtravINA kahalAtI hai / nArada ne gAtravINA ko sAmagAna meM sahAyaka mAnA hai / nA.zi. meM yaha spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki sAmagAyakoM kI paramparA meM gAna ke samaya dAravI arthAt kASTha se nirmita tathA gAtravINA ina donoM prakAra kI vINAoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / dAravI vINA ko sAmagAna karane ke pUrva sura meM milAyA jAtA hai / vINA ke sabhI tAroM ko sAma ke anusvAra svara meM milAte hai lekina gAtravINA meM aisA nahIM hotA / nA. zi. meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki gAtravINA meM donoM hAthoM ko donoM jAnuoM para sIdhA rakhA jAtA hai evaM dono hAthoM kI aGguliyA prasArita avasthA meM rahatI hai / aMguSTha se aGguliyoM ke madhyamaparva kA sparza kiyA jAtA hai kyoMki yahIM para svaramaNDala sthApita kiyA jAtA | sAmagAna ke svarAnusAra isa trirekhA ke madhyasthala se eka-eka yava ke ntara para svara aGkita kiye jAte haiM, arthAt raMga se eka eka rekhA aGkita kI jAtI hai / mAtrA kAyama karane ke liye bAyeM hAtha kI aMguliyoM sAmaveda meM svara - siddhAnta paddhati viSayaka nirUpaNa I For Private and Personal Use Only 39

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para eka mAtrA (laghu) do mAtrA (guru yA dIrgha) tathA tIna mAtrA (vRddha) isa hisAba se vibhAjana kiyA jAtA tathA sAma meM prayukta mAtrA ke anusAra aGguSTha se vibhAjana ke ina cihnoM kA sparza kiyA jAtA hai 134 aMguliyoM para svara- vyavasthA kisa prakAra kI jAtI hai isa viSaya meM nA-zikA kathana hai ki aGguSTha ke Upara sthAna para kruSTa tathA aGguSTha para prathama svara sthita hotA haiM / pradezinI arthAt tarjanI para gaMdhAra tathA madhyamA para RSabha svara sthita haiM / anAmikA para SaDja kA sthAna hai tathA kaniSThikA para dhaivata sthApita kiyA jAtA hai 135 gAtravINA kA aisA hI ullekha mANDavI zikSA meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai / kintu vahA~ madhyamA para paMcama svara ko avasthita batAyA gayA hai / isameM RSabha kA kahIM ullekha nahIM / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yahA~ 'madhyamAyAM tu paMcamaH' jo kahA gayA hai usameM "paMcama" ke sthAna para "RSabhaH" pada honA cAhie / kruSTa aura paMcama eka hI svara ke bodhaka haiM isaliye bhI aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yahA~ 'paMcama:' yaha pATha zuddha nahIM / gAtravINA para sAma-svaroM ke gAna kI paramparA zikSA evaM prAtizAkhyoM ke samaya pracalita huI / prAcIna kAla meM to udAtta Adi svaroM kA bheda tathA prathama dvitIya Adi sAma-svaroM kA bheda uccAraNa se hI spaSTa ho jAtA thA, kintu kAlAntara meM una svaroM ko sikhAne ke liye gotravINA kA prayoga kiyA gayA hogA / gAtravINA para sIkhe hue sAma ke uccAraNa meM hAtha aura uccAraNa kA sambandha itanA ghaniSTha ho gayA ki zikSAkAroM ko donoM kA sAtha-sAtha uccAraNa karane kA vidhAna karanA par3A / hAtha ke binA kevala uccAraNa mAtra se gAna ko bhraSTa samajhA gayA / yAjJavalkya zikSA spaSTa rUpa se isa bAta kA ullekha karatI hai ki svara aura hAtha donoM uccAraNa meM eka sAtha calane cAhie / " jo vyakti hAtha se rahita svara kA uccAraNa karatA thA vaha bhraSTa samajhA jAtA thA usako veda-phala kI prApti nahIM hotI thI / 38 jo vyakti Rj, yajuS aura sAma kA uccAraNa hAtha se rahita karatA thA vaha vaidika kahalAne kA bhI adhikArI nahIM banatA thA 139 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir uparyukta sabhI vivaraNoM se yaha kaha sakate hai ki sAmagAna kI paramparA lupta ho jAne ke kAraNa sAmagAna ke mUlarUpa ko prastuta karanA atyanta kaThina hai sAmasvara siddhAnta sambandhI prAcIna granthoM meM jo siddhAnta milate hai unhIM kA vivecana prastuta kiyA hai / 6. 7. pAdaTIpa 1. teSAM khANDikeyaukheyAntaM cAtuH svaryamapi kvacit / bhA.sU. 3.27 2. anudAttaM padamekavarjam / pA. 6.1.158 3. 8.1.18, 20-23 pA. 4. idamo'nvAdaze'zanudAttastRtIyAdau / pA. 2.4.32 5. ubhe vanaspatyAdiSu yugapat / pA 6.2.139. devatA dvandve ca. pA. 6.2.140; nottarapade'nudAttAdAvapRthivIrudrapUpamanthipu - pA. 6.2.141; tavaicAntazca yugapat - pA. 6.2.51 teSAM khANDikeyokheyAnAM cAtuH svaryamapi kvacit / zatapathavattANDi'bhAllavinAM brAhmaNasvara: / bhA.sU. 3.15; nA.zi. 1.1.13 38 sAmIpya: pu. 24, khaMDa 1 -2, seprila- sapTe. 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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8. chandogAnAM vAjaseneyinAM ca brAhmaNe gAthAsvarau prathamadvitIyau bhavataH / nA.zi. 1.1.13 para zobhAkara bhASya / 9. tAno'nyeSAM brAhmaNasvara: / bhA.sU. 3.28 10. ekazrutirdUrAt saMbuddhau / 1.2.33 yajJakarmaNyajanpuGkhasAmasu / 1.2.34 11. kAvyamArge svaro na gaNyate / mammaTa kAvyaprakAza 111 ( navamaullAsa ) svastu veda eva vizeSapratItikRta na kAvya iti tasya viSayo nodAhRtaH sA. da. 2.14 12. DaoN. si. varmA ne ina avasthAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / sTaDIja ina da ekseMcuezana ov de sAmaveda / 13. sapta svarAstu gIyante sAmabhiH sAmagairbudhaiH / mA.zi. 7, zi.saM. sapta sAmnAm / bhA.sU. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 14. 1.164.24; 3.1.6; 3.7.1; 10.32.4 15. sAmavi. 1.18; 1.1.14 16. saMhi. brA. 2.15.17 17. prathamazca dvitIyazca tRtIyo'tha caturthakaH / mandra kuSTo hyatisvAra etAn kurvanti sAmagAH / - nA.zi. 1.1.12 18. SaDjazca RSabhazcaiva gAMdhAro madhyamastathA / paMcamo dhaivatazcaiva niSAdaH saptamaH svaraH / - nA.zi. 1.2.5 19. SaDjarSabhagAndhAramadhyamapaMcamadyaivataniSAdAH / - bhA.sU. 3.17 20. sAmasu - kruSTaprathamadvitIyatRtIyacaturthamandrAdisvAryAH / R prAti 13.44 para uvaTa bhASya 21. SaDjaRSabhagAndhAramadhyamapaMcamadhaivatanipAdA: svarA- iti gAndharvavede samAmnAtAH / R prAti. 13.44 para uvaTa bhASya yA. zi. 6, zi.saM. 22. vAja. prAti. 1.1.27 para uvaTa bhASya / 23. apare tvAhurjAtyAbhinihita kSaiprazliSTatairovyaMjanatairovirAmapAdavRttAH sapta svarA atra vidhIyante / tathAbhAvyastu vAjasaneyinAM nivAryate / vAja. prAti. 1.1.27 para uvaTa bhASya / 24. tatrApi nityo'bhinihitazca te'tra kSaipro niSAdasvarahetavaH syuH pAri. zi. 84 25. sapta svarAye yamAste / R. prAti. 3.44; tai. prAti 23.12 26. etairbhAvaizca vAyanti sarvAH zAkhA pRthak pRthak / paMcasveva tu gAyanti bhUyiSThAni svareSu tu // samAni paTsu cAnyAni saptasu dve tu kauthumAH / UnAnAmanyathAbhItiH pAdAnAmadhikAzca ye / pu. sU. 1.2.5-6 27. kaThakalApavRtteSu taittirIyAhvarakeSu ca / Rgvede sAmavede ca vaktavyaH prathamaH svaraH / nA. zi. 1.1.1 28. Rgvedastu dvitIyena tRtIyena ca vartate / uccamadhadhyayamasaMghAtaH svarobhavati pArthivaH // nA. zi. 1.1.10 - 29. tRtIyaprathamakuSTAn kurvantyAvharakA: svarAn / nA. zi. 10.1.11 30. dvitIyAdyastu madrAntAn taittirIyAzcaturaH svarAn ||naa. zi. 1.1.11 31. dvitIyaprathamAvaito tANDibhAllavinAM svarau / tathA zAtapathAvaitau svarau vAjasaneyinAm // nA.zi. 1.1.13 32. antadAttamAdyudAttamanudAttaM nIcasvaritam / madhyodAttaM svaritaM dvyudAtaM trapudAttamiti navapadArAyA / agniH somaH pra vo vIryaM ha'viSAM sva vRhaspati indrAbRhaspatI iti pAzi 45 33. gAtravINA tu sA proktA yasyAM gAyanti sAmagAH / - nA. zi. 1.6.2 sAmaveda meM svara - siddhAnta paddhati viSayaka nirUpaNa For Private and Personal Use Only 38

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34. dAkha gAtravImA ca dve vINe gAnajAtiSu / nA.zi. 1.6.1 34. svaravyaMjanasaMyuktA aMgRlyaMguSTharaMjitA // 2 // hastau ca zaMyutau dhAau~ jAnubhyAmupasthitau / guroranukRtiM kuryAdyathA jJAnamatirbhavet // 3 / / prasArya cAGgulI: sarvAropayet svaramaNDalam / na cAGgulibhiraGguSThamaGguSThenAGgulIH spRzet / / 5 / / viralA nAGgalI kuryAnmUle cainAM na saMspRzet / aMguSThAgreNa tA nitya madhyama parvaNi nyaset / / 6 / / mAtrAdvimAtrAvRdhAnAM vibhAgArtha vibhAgavit / aGgalIbhidvimAnaM tupANeH savyasya darzayet / / 7 / / trirekhA yatra dRzyeta sandhi tatra vinirdizet / sa parva iti vijJeyaH zeSamantaramantaram // 8 // yavAntaraM tu sAmasvRjukuryAttilAMtaram / svarAn madhyamaparvasu suniviSTAM nivezayet // 9 // nA.zi. 1-6-2-3,5-6 35. aMguSThasyottame kruSTo'GgaSThe tu prathama svaraH / / prAdezinyAntu gAndhAra RSabhastadanantaram // anAmikAyAM SaDjastu kaniSThikAyAM ca dhaivataH / tasyAdhastAcca yonyastaM niSAdaM tatra nirdizet // nA.zi. 36. bAhuyAGguSThaM tu kruSTaM syAdaGguSThe madhyamaH svaraH / prAdezinyAM tu gAndhAro madhyamAyAM tu paMcamaH // anAmikAyAM SaDjastu kaniSThijAyAM tu paMcamaH // tasthAdhasnAttu yo'ntyaH svarAnipAda iti taM viduH // mA.zi. 8.64 37. yathA vANI tathA pANI riktaM tu parivarjayet / yatra yatra sthitA vANI pANistatraiva niSThati // yAjJa. zi. 46 38. hastAdrabhraSTaH svarAbhraSTo na vedaphalamaznute / yAjJa. zi. 24 39. Rco yajUMSi sAmAni hastahInAni yaH paThet / anuco brahmaNastAvadyAvatsvAraM na vindati // yA.zi. 42 40 sAmIpya:. 24, 1-2, aprila-sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra vedArtha aura AkhyAna* DaoN. kamalezakumAra cha. coksI+ veda ke viSaya meM sabhI vidvAno meM kama se kama do mata aise haiM ki jinake viSaya meM koI matabheda nahIM hai / eka mata 'veda' kI prAcInatA ko lekara hai / sabhI vidvAn 'veda' ko prAcInatama grantha svIkAra karate haiM / dUsarA mata 'veda' ke mUlapATha (Text) ko lekara hai / veda ke mUla pATha ke bAre meM bhI sabhI vidvAn mataikya rakhate haiM ki veda kA mUlapATha jaisA pahele thA vaisA hI Aja bhI hai / usameM koI pAThabheda yA pAThAntara AyA nahIM hai / ina do matoM ke atirikta veda viSayaka anya jo bhI mata haiM; una meM vidvAnoM ke kaI kaI mata pravAha hai / ina vibhinna mata-pravAhoM kA 'veda' ke arthaghaTana para pratyakSa prabhAva paDA hai / pariNAmataH veda ke arthaghaTana ke bhI kaI mata pracalita ho gaye / prAcInakAla se hI vedArthaghaTana kI AdhyAtmika, Adhidaivika aura Adhibhautika prakriyAyeM pracalita rahIM haiM / kAlAntara meM daivataprakriyA tathA yAjJikaprakriyA kA AvirbhAva huA / madhyakAla meM ye donoM prakriyAyeM vedArtha para chAyI rahIM / isI samaya meM aitihAsika prakriyA kA vyApaka pracalana AraMbha huA / isI aitihAsika prakriyA ke antargata AkhyAna prakriyA AI aura usakA bhI kramazaH vikAsa hotA rahA / aThThAravIM zatAbdI meM, jaba pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne saMskRtabhASA aura saMskRtavidyA ke adhyayana-saMzodhana kI ora apanI dRSTi kI, taba 'veda' bhI unakI dRSTi se para na raha sake / veda aura vedArtha ko samajhane ke lie unhoMne bhI bhArI parizrama kiyA / unhoMne apane deza dharma kI mAnyatAoM ko sAtha rakha kara bhAratIya paraMparA kA anusaraNa karate hue veda ke arthaghaTana karane kA prArambha kiyA / isI paramparA meM bhASAvijJAnAnusArI vedArthaghaTana kI eka ora prakriyA astitva meM AyI / isa meM saMsAra kI vibhinna bhASAoM meM pracalita zabdoM kA unake dhvaniyoM ke sAmya ke AdhAra para artha nizcita karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA / isa prayAsa se nirdhArita kiye gaye zabdArtha ko veda meM prayukta zabda kA artha mAnakara veda ke mantroM kA artha batAyA gayA / bhASAvijJAna ko AkArita karane ke lie pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne jo avadhAraNAyeM kalpita kI; una kA tathA tattat vidvAnoM ke svasaMpradAya meM sthira hue vividha mantavyoM kA bhI isa vedArtha para asara rahA hai / vedArthaghaTana kI ina vividha prakriyAoM kI zrRMkhalAmeM unnIsavIM zatAbdI ke prasiddha samAjasudhAraka saMskRta bhASA ke paNDita svAmI dayAnanda sarasvatI kRta vedArtha ghaTana bhI eka / yaha vedArthaghaTana apane Apa meM arvAcIna hotA huA bhI veda ke purAtana arthaghaTana ko ujAgara karane vAlA hai / isakI pramukha vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM vedArthakartA kI vedaviSayaka jo mAnyatAe~ haiM, una sabhI mAnyatAoM ko prathamataH spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai, aura phira una mAnyatAoM kA pUrNata: anusaraNa karake vedArthaghaTana kiyA gayA hai / svAmI dayAnanda sarasvatI kI veda ke viSaya meM jo mAnyatAe~ haiM; unameM eka yaha bhI mAnyatA hai ki AryasamAja - sAntAkruja, ( 24 janavarI se 26 janavarI 2002) meM Ayojita veda goSThI meM prastuta kiyA gayA lekha / prAdhyApaka, saMskRta vibhAga, bhASA sAhityabhaTa gujarAta yunivarsiTI, amadAvAda - 9 + vedArtha aura AkhyAna For Private and Personal Use Only 41

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veda meM anitya itihAsa nahIM hai / isa meM kIsI vyakti-vizeSa kI koI kathA nahIM hai| na hI kIsI aisI aitihAsika ghaTanA kA ullekha hai; jo mAnava-mAnava ke bIca ghaTita huI ho / svAmIjIne apanI isa mAnyatA kA apane vedArtha ghaTana meM pUrNataH paripAlana kiyA hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir udhara, paramparA se vedArthaghaTana kI jo vividha prakriyAyeM calI A rahI haiM, unameM eka prakriyA 'AkhyAna' bhI hai / yaha prakriyA aitihAsika prakriyA se saMlagna hai / isa meM veda ke mantragata bhAva kA arthaghaTana kIsI AkhyAna ke bhAgarUpa meM kiyA jAtA hai| kaI bAra kaI mantra milakara eka AkhyAna ko AkAra dete haiM, to kaI bAra kisI eka - do mantra ko AkhyAna kA kendra samajha kara mantrokta vastu ke AsapAsa kI kathAvastu kalpita kara lI jAtI hai / yaha kathAvastu hI kramazaH AkhyAna banatA hai / isa AkhyAna ko veda ke arthaghaTana kA upakAraka sAdhana mAnA gayA hai aura isake dvArA veda ke eka bar3e bhAga kA arthaghaTana diyA gayA hai / Adhunika vidvAn ina AkhyAnoM ko 'mitha' yA 'mithaka' ke rUpa meM dekhate haiM; aura isa meM mithyAtva kI gandha anubhUta karate haiM / kucha anya vidvAn ina AkhyAnoM ko 'purAkathA' yA 'purAvRtta' mAnate haiM aura antataH inheM lokazruti taka hI sImita kara dete haiM / ina AkhyAnoM ke Azraya se kiye gae vedArtha kA arthAt AkhyAna- prakriyA kA AdhAra lekara kAlAntara meM vibhinna mAnyatAyeM khaDI kara lI gaI haiM jo hameM purANasAhitya meM vyApakarUpa se dRSTigocara hotI haiM / AkhyAna-prakriyA ke udgama kA kendrabindu ke rUpa meM Rgveda meM Aye hue saMvAda-sUkta tathA kathAsUkta mAne gaye haiM / madhyakAlIka AcAryoM ke vedArtha meM hama pAte haiM ki ve uparyukta kathAsUkta yA saMvAdasUkta kA bhASya karane se pUrva purANa - prasiddha AkhyAna kA prastAvanA ke rUpa meM byaurA dete haiM / isa prakAra prastAvanA meM purANAdi ke sahayoga se eka AkhyAna kA piNDa khar3A kiyA jAtA hai, aura bAda meM veda ke mantroM kA artha karane kA upakrama kiyA jAtA hai / tadyathA - Rgveda ke dazamamaNDala ke picAnaveM sUkta kA vedabhASya karane se pUrva sAyaNAcArya purUravorvazI - AkhyAna kA purANa- gata sandarbha upasthita karate isa meM urvazI ke pRthvI Agamana kI, purUravA ke janma kI, donoM ke milana kI tathA viyoga kI ghaTanAoM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai / isI kathA kA AdhAra lekara aba ve Rgveda maNDala - 10 sUkta - 95 kA vedArtha karate haiM / sAyaNAcArya kI isa rIti meM hama dekha sakate haiM ki vedArtha karane vAle ko prathama to (zatapatha se lekara) purANoM taka jAnA paDatA hai / isa uttarakAlika sAhitya se jo vicArarAzi prApta hotI haiM; usI vicArarAzi ke AdhAra para vedArtha kA upakrama racanA paDatA hai| saMbhavataH vedArthaghaTana kI isI rIti kI udghoSaNA paurANika paramparA "itihAsapurANAbhyAM vedArthamupabRMhayet / ' arthAt itihAsa-purANoM ke dvArA vedArtha ko vistRta karanA cAhie' kaha kara karatI hai / 11 42 sAyaNAcArya kI taraha hI isa sUkta ke sabhI vedabhASyakAra pravRtta hue haiN| AkhyAna ke Azraya ke binA uparyukta sUkta kA artha lagAne meM sabhIne kaThinAI anubhava kI hai| veMkaTamAdhava isa sUkta kA artha dene se pUrva hI yaha ghoSaNA karate haiM ki isa sUkta meM kaI mantroM kA artha hameM prApta nahIM hotA / isa para bhI ve jina pAzcAtya vidvAnoMne bhI isa sUkta kA artha santoSakAraka anuvAda na ho sakane kA anubhava huA hai| purUravA- - urvazIviSayaka pracalita vRttAnta kA sandarbha lete hue ukta sUkta kI RcAoM kA artha dete haiM / karane kA upakrama kiyA hai, unheM bhI isa sUkta kA punarapi ke bhI purANAdi meM pracalita purUravA - - urvazI sAmIpya: pu. 24, khaMDa 1 - 2, kheprila - sapTe. 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kI kathA kA Azraya lekara isa sUkta kA artha kara lete haiM / aisI hI sthiti vedagata anya kathAsUkta evaM saMvAdasUktoM kI bhI hai| vedArtha kI yaha AkhyAnakRta paddhati hameM uttarakAlika sAhitya meM pracalita mAnyatAoM ke Azraya se veda ke artha taka pahu~cAtI hai / yA yU~ kaheM ki isa vedArthaprakriyA meM nIce se upara kI ora; arvAcInatA se prAcInatA kI ora jAyA jAtA hai| yadi brAhmaNAdi se lekara purANoM taka ke prasiddha AkhyAnoM kA Azraya na ho, to veda kI ina RcAoM kA artha karanA muzkIla ho jaaegaa| isa sthiti meM jaba brAhmaNAdi se lekara purANAdi granthoM meM prasiddha AkhyAnoM kA Azraya lekara vedArtha kA upakrama kiyA jAegA, taba svAbhAvika hI hai ki usa vedArtha meM brAhmaNAdi-purANAnta sAhitya meM pracalita mata-matAntaroM kI chAyA bhI paDegI / sAyaNAcArya Adi ke bhASya meM yahI huA hai| svAmI dayAnanda sarasvatI kA vedArtha inase isalie alaga hai, kyoMki isa meM veda kA artha veda se hI prAraMbha kiyA gayA hai| ve pIche se pracalita hae AkhyAnAdi ko dRSTipatha se dara rakhakara vedArtha kA upakrama karate haiM / isa upakrama meM veda meM prayukta zabdoM kA yaugika artha liyA gayA hai| isa yaugikArtha ke AdhAra para taiyAra kiye gaye vedArtha meM una kathanIya tathyoM ko ujAgara kiyA gayA hai, jo sArvajanika hoM, sArvabhaumika hoM aura sArvakAlika hoM / isa prakAra anya prAcIna-arvAcIna vedabhASyakAroM kI taraha vedArtha saMkucita na hokara svAmI dayAnanda kA vedArtha vyApaka aura vistRta bana gayA hai| svAmI dayAnanda ke vedArtha kI yaha paddhati vedArthaghaTana kI vAstavika prAcInatama paddhati hone kA dAvA kara sakatI hai| kyoMki isI paddhati ke Azraya se hI 'veda' ke pAsa se prAcInoMne 'sarvajJAnamayo hi saH' ityAdi vacanoM meM jo apekSAe~ rakhI haiM; ve pUrNa ho sakatI haiM / . apane vedArtha ke upakrama meM svAmI dayAnanda ne bhale hI purANAdi meM prasiddha AkhyAnoM kI upekSA kI ho; parantu ve apanI RgvedAdibhASyabhUmikA ke kaI prakaraNoM meM purANagata AkhyAnoM kA mUlataH abhipreta arthaghaTana karate haiM / isa se sUcita hotA hai ki RSi dayAnanda ko AkhyAna abhISTa rahe haiM; parantu uttarakAlika sAhitya meM pracalita AkhyAnoM kA vedArtha meM upayoga karane ke pakSa meM ve nahIM hai| ___ vastuta: 'RgverdRSTArthasya prItirbhavatyAkhyAnasaMyuktA / ' arthAt dRSTArtha RSi kI AkhyAna se yukta kathana meM prIti hotI hai / isa pAramparika mata ke prati bhI RSi dayAnanda ko Adara hai| svAmI jI ke vedArtha kA anuzIlana karane para pratIta hotA hai ki ve veda ke pratyeka mantra meM koI na koI 'kathA' ke astitva ko svIkAra karate haiN| yahA~ kathA kA artha pravartamAna saMskRta sAhitya meM pracalita rUDhArtha abhipreta nahIM hai| parantu 'kathA' kA yaugikArtha abhipreta haiM: "(paramezvareNa) siddhAntatayA mUlatayA vA kathyate sA kathA" arthAt paramezvara ke dvArA siddhAnta rUpa se yA mUlarUpa (manuSyamAtra ke upayogI jJAna ko) jo kahA jAtA hai vaha 'kathA' hai / veda ke pratyeka mantra meM kathA hai| jo paramezvara ne prANIoM ke kalyANArtha kahI hai| yaha kathA na kIsI vyaktivizeSa se juDI hai aura na hI kisI deza yA kAla vizeSa se / yaha to sArvajanIna, sArvadezika tathA sArvakAlika vedArtha aura AkhyAna For Private and Personal Use Only

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vedokta yaha kathA brAhmaNAdi granthoM meM AkhyAna ke rUpa meM pahu~cI / yahA~ bhI 'AkhyAna' kA artha pravartamAna rUDhArtha abhipreta nahIM hai; parantu "A samantAt (vividhaiH RSibhiH vidvadbhiH vA) khyAyate kathyate tat AkhyAnam" arthAt jo cAroM ora kA dhyAna rakha kara vivadha RSiyoM va vidvAnoM ke dvArA kahA jAtA hai, vaha 'AkhyAna' hai| - isa prakAra kA yaugikArtha abhipreta hai / kathA se AkhyAna kA udbhava huA hai / 'kathA' meM kahane vAlA paramAtmA hai| kathanIya viSayavastu sarvavidha jJAna hai| bAda meM yahI kathA vividha RSiyoM-vidvAnoM ke dvArA kahI gaI / isa punarukti meM sAmAnyaprajAjana kA dhyAna rakhA gyaa| sUkSma-tathya ko sthUla banAne kA upakrama huA / alaukika tathya ko laukika stara para vyakta karane kA prayatna huA / isa prakAra veda meM siddhAntarUpa se kahe gaye kathya yA kathA kA jisa jisa ko darzana hotA rahA, usa usane apane dRSTArtha ko apane DhaMga se prastuta kiyA / atyantaprAcIna kAla meM yaha pravRtti brAhmaNa-granthoM ke rUpa meM sthira huii| bAda meM upaniSadoM meM AkhyAnoM kA samAveza huA / jaba rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata jaise itihAsakAvyoM kA pracalana huA aura ina kI jana-mAnasa meM pratiSThA ho rahI thI taba brAhmaNAdi ke AkhyAnoM kA eka ora se rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata meM praveza huA aura dUsarI ora purANa-sAhitya ke rUpa meM ina kA alaga hI AvirbhAva huA / saMskRta ke praziSTa sAhitya ke kaviyoM ne bhI mula 'kathA' kA apane DhaMga se kathana kiyA / veda kI kathA kA jaba anekatra anekadhA AkhyAna ho cUkA, taba kAlAntara meM inhIM AkhyAnoM ko dRSTipatha meM rakhakara vedArtha kA upakrama hone lagA / yahI upakrama hameM yAskIya nirukta se lekara sAyaNAcArya Adi ke vedabhASyoM taka aura Age bhI arvAcIna vedabhASyoM meM dikhAI par3atA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM hama 'sukanyAcarita' (AkhyAna) ko lete haiM / yaha AkhyAna zatapatha', tANDyaH , jaiminIya Adi aneka brAhmaNa granthoM meM milatA hai| yahA~ yaha eka jaisA nahIM hai| sarvatra apane apane DhaMga se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isake bAda brahmANDapurANa', devIbhAgavata' tathA zrImadbhAgavatapurANa meM bhI yaha AkhyAna milatA hai| ina sabhI sthAnoM meM bhI isa AkhyAna kA svarUpa eka jaisA nahIM hai| inameM thoDA bahuta parivartanaparivardhana hotA hI rahA hai / isa prakAra brAhmaNagranthoM se prAraMbha kara ke purANoM taka isa AkhyAna kA jo svarUpa nirdhArita ho gayA; use Akalita karake Rgveda ke kucha mantroM kA arthaghaTana karane kA vedabhASya kartAoM ne upakrama kiyA hai / jaba ki svAmI dayAnanda ne sukanyAcarita meM Akalita uttarakAlika mAnyatAoM ko dRSTipatha se haTA kara Rgveda ke una sthaloM kA vedArtha kiyA hai / svAmI jI ina sthaloM meM rAjA yA vidvAn puruSa ke kartavya kI kathA dekhate haiN| isa rAja-kartavya yA puruSa-kartavya kI mUlabhUta kathA ko kendra meM rakhakara brAhmaNAdi granthoM meM apane apane DhaMga se AkhyAna banA lie gaye haiM, aisA lagatA hai| yaha sukanyAcarita AkhyAna ke rUpa meM jahA~ bhI milatA hai; vahA~ rAjA zaryAti ke dvArA cyavana RSi ke prati svasantAna dvArA hue aparAdha ke daNDa dene rUpa 'rAja kartavya' ko kendra meM rakhA gayA hai, jo ullekhanIya hai| veda kI RcAoM meM cyavana, yuvA, sukanyA Adi padoM kA pratyakSa rUpa meM prayoga huA hai / purANAdi meM sukanyAcarita kA jisa prakAra saMgraha hai; usa prakAra se Rgveda ke una una sthalo meM sukanyAcarita kI saMbhAvanA kara lI jA sakatI hai, phira bhI hameM isa tathya kI aura bhI dhyAna denA hogA ki cyavana, yuvA, sukanyA, sAmIpya : pu. 24, ra 1-2, aprila - sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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azvinau Adi ke pUrvApara anusandhAna pUrvaka sambandha sUcita ho sake, isa rUpa meM veda meM koI mantra prayoga nahIM huA hai / isa AkhyAna ke sambandhita zabda, Avazyaka sannidhi se para asta-vyasta rUpa meM mila rahe haiM / punarapi veda meM sukanyAcarita ko AkArita karanA ho, to hameM zaryAti tathA usake rAjyAdi kA anusandhAna bhI vedaprayukta zabdAvali ke dvArA hI karanA cAhie / para aisA nahIM hai| Rgveda ke una una sthaloM kA vedArtha kaI adhyAhRta padoM ke Azraya se kiyA gayA hai / adhyAhRta padoM ke vinizcaya kA koI tArkika kAraNa denA saMbhava nahIM hai / mAtra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye purANAdi meM prasiddha hai| isa prakAra yaha AkhyAna-prakriyA vedArtha ko apane mUla se haTA kara uttarakAlika sAhityakI avadhAraNAoM para AdhRta banA detI hai| itanA hI nahIM, vedArtha ko eka nizcita vyakti ke AsapAsa ghUmatA huA saMkucita banA detI hai| svAmI dayAnanda ne isa kI upekSA kara vedArtha ko vAstavikatApUrNa banAne ke sAtha sAtha sArvabhaumika tathA sArvakAlikatA pradAna kI hai / esa prakAra dekheM to sAhitya jagat meM pracalita kathA tathA AkhyAna kA nayA hI svarUpa RSi dayAnanda ke bhASya meM hama dekha sakate haiM / saMdarbha noMdha vedArtha kI vividha prakriyAoM kI aitihAsika-mImAMsA ke lie 'vedArtha kI vividha prakriyAoM kI aitihAsika mImAMsA' pustaka dekheM / lekhaka - paM. yudhiSThira mImAMsaka, prakA0 rAmalAla kapUra TrasTa, bahAlagar3ha, saM. 2034. saMvAdasUkta isa prakAra haiM - maNDala-1, sUkta 126, 165, 170,179; maNDala-3, sUkta 33, tathA, cha anya; maNDala10, sUkta-10, 51, 86, 95, 102, 108, 128. kathAsUkta isa prakAra haiM - Rgveda maNDala-1, sUkta 24-30, 85, 105, 112, 119, 120, 125; maNDala-4, sUkta16, 17, 18, 19, 26, 27, 42; maNDala-5, sUkta-2, 61, 78; maNDala-8, sUkta-13, 14, 17, 78, 91, 100, 96; maNDala-9, sUkta- ; maNDala-10, sUkta-51, 17, 38, 47, 48, 58, 61-62, 67, 81, 98, 109, 119, 135 3. dra0 Rgveda-sAyaNabhASyam; prakA0 vaidika saMzodhanamaNDala, pUnA, dvitIyAvRtti, khaNDa-4; pR. 639-640 aisI hI kathA zatapathabrAhmaNa, (11, 5, 1, 1-11) meM hai| mahAbhArata tathA kaI purANoM meM thoDe bahuta parivartanaparivardhana ke sAtha milatI hai / tadyathA viSNupurANa 4-6, bhAgavatapurANa 9-14; brahmANDapurANa, 3.65.46, 66, 4-5; matsyapurANa 24, 23-32, 4.33.18; padyapurANa saM. 12, 76-85; vAyupurANa 2.16; 10.45, 9.14; devIbhAgavata 1.1.3; harivaMza 1.36 ityAdi / zatapathabrAhmaNam (ratnadIpikA hindI-TIkapopetam prakA. sArvadezika Arya pratinidhi sabhA, naI dillI; san 1998) - 4, tANDyamahAbrAhmaNam (sampA. cila svAmizAstrI, prakA. caukhambA, saM. sirisa ophisa, banArasa, vi.saM. 1993(1936) 14, 6, 9-10 (pR. 111) 7. jaimanIyabrAhmaNam 3, 120-124 8. brahmANDapurANam-2, 32, 98, 3, 8, 31; 21, 36. 9. devIbhAgavatam (saM. rAdhe mohana pANDeya, prakA. paNDita putakAlaya, kAzI, saM. 2012); skaM. 7, a. 3 se 6. 10. zrImadbhAgavatapurANam - 9, 3, 1-26. vedArtha aura AkhyAna For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra kAlidAsa meM dRSTi saundarya www.kobatirth.org Do. kAlindI harikRSNa pAThaka* 'nAsti yeSAM yazaHkAye jarAmaraNajaM bhayam' yaha ukti jina ke lie yathArtha hai usa mahAkavi kAlidAsa kI navanavonmeSazAlinI pratibhA suvidita hI hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir kAlidAsa kI dhyAnAkarSaka vizeSatA hai una kI kRtiyoM meM rahA huA viSaya vaividhya / vikramorvazIyam meM svarga kI apsarA urvazI pArthiva rAjA pururavA ke prati AkRSTa ho jAe aisA pururavA kA vyaktitva hai, to kumArasambhavam meM brahmANDa ke kalyANa ke lie ziva-pArvatI ke putra kI prApti ko kRti kA viSaya banAyA hai / jaba ki meghadUta meM to patnI ke viraha meM kAmArta yakSa sthala kI dUrI kI maryAdA ko maryAdA nahIM rahane dete hue megha ko samparka kA mAdhyama banAtA hai| jisa samaya meM Aja sarIkhe samparka ke upakaraNa hI nahIM the usa samaya meM kAmArta yakSa ke lie acetana megha kI dUta ke rUpa meM kalpanA' / - yaha kAlidAsa kI samagra vizva sAhitya ko bahuta bar3I dena hai / raghuvaMza meM dilIpa, raghu, aja, dazaratha, rAma jaise rAjAoM ke caritra-citraNa dvArA bhAratIya rAjAoM kA Adarza svarUpa prastuta kiyA gayA hai / vividha viSayoM ke nirUpaNa meM vizvakalyANa kI bhAvanA ko saMkalita karake viSaya kA tathyapUrNa Alekhana kavi kA sahaja karma hai / 'kumArasambhavam' aura 'raghuvaMzam' meM vizvakalyANa kI bhAvanA hai aura meghadUta meM bhArata ke bhUgola kA evaM RtusaMhAra meM bhAratavarSa kI RtuoM kA tathyapUrNa aura sarasa Alekhana kAlidAsa ne kiyA hai| kavi viSaya kI AvazyakatA anusAra prakRti ke kisI aMga kA, nAyaka kA yA nAyikA ke saundarya kA varNana karatA hai / nAyikA ke saundarya kI prazasti ke lie kvacit paurANika sandarbha jor3atA hai to kabhI kabhI nAyikA ke pratyeka aGga kA varNana karate hue kamala, candra, bimbaphala Adi prasiddha upamAna kA alaMkAra prayoga karatA hai / isa se vAcaka ke mAnasapaTa para nAyikA kI tAdRza pratikRti upasthita hotI hai / kavi kvacit anavadya saundarya ko vyAkhyAyita bhI karatA hai / kAlidAsa ne bhI apanI kRtiyoM meM prakRti kA nAyaka ke prabhAva kA yA nAyikA ke saundarya kA vividha prakAra se varNana kiyA hai / koI bhI vyakti yA padArtha sundara hone mAtra se usa kA saundarya sArthaka nahIM ho jAtA / saundarya bhogyaviSaya hai arthAt indriyagamya haiM jabaki, cakSurindraya isa ( grAhya) saundarya kI bhoktR (grAhaka) hai / sAMkhya mata ke anusAra dRzya padArtha kA rUpa cakSurindriya kA viSaya hai / dRzya padArtha kA rUpa cakSundriya kA viSaya banane mAtra se hI dRzya padArtha sArthaka nahIM ho jAtA / kAlidAsa ke matAnusAra bhogya ( grAhya) saundarya bhoktR (grAhaka) cakSurindriya ko tRpta kareM isI meM hI saundarya (parita varNya padArtha) evaM cakSurindriya kI sArthakatA hai / saundarya kI yaha parAkASThA kAlidAsa kI prAyaH sabhI kRtioM meM thoDe hI zabdabheda se abhivyakta huI jo usa prastuta abhyAsalekha kA viSaya hai / 46 abhijJAnazAkuntala meM duSyanta zakuntalA ko dekhate hI usa ke saundarya se abhibhUta ho jAtA hai / dUsare aGka meM zakuntalAviSayaka bAta-cIta ke sandarbha meM vaha vidUSaka ko kahatA hai ki "anavApta cakSuH phalo'si yena tvayA darzanIyaM na dRSTam / ' zakuntalA kA darzana rAjA ke cakSuoM ko sArthaka karanevAlA hai| apane Apa ko 'avAptacakSuH phala' mAnanevAlA rAjA zakuntalA kA punaH darzana karane ke lie vihvala hotA hai aura puna: darzana hote * vyAkhyAtrI, saMskRta vibhAga, saradAra vallabhabhAI paTela ArTsa kaoNleja, ahamadAbAda sAmIpya : pu. 24, khaMDa 1 - 2, prisa - sapTe. 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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hI use lagatA hai ki 'ayi labdhaM netranirvANam / rAjA kI isa prakAra kI anUbhUti kA varNana karake zakuntalA ke saundarya kI parAkASThA aura utkRSThatA kA sUcana kAlidAsa ne kara diyA hai, parantu zakuntalA kA saundarya cakSurindriya ko sArthakatA kI anUbhUti karAnevAlA kyoM hai ? yaha batAne ke lie rAjA zakuntalA ke nirmANa ke bAre meM kalpanA karake isake saundarya kA vaiziSTya batAtA hai / rAjA zakuntalA ko be-sUMghA huA puSpa, nAkhUnoM se na noMce gae komala pallava, akhaNDita ratna tathA abhinava madhu aura akhaNDa puNyoM ke phala rUpa batAkara zakuntalA ke anagha saundarya kI prazaMsA karatA hai / zakuntalA ke saundarya kI prazaMsA ke sAtha hI duSyanta ko cintA bhI hotI hai ki 'vidhAtA isa rUpa - lAvaNya kA bhoktA kise banAegeM / 3' isa se patA lagatA hai ki kAlidAsa ke matAnusAra saundarya svayaM meM sArthaka nahIM hai / bhoktA ke hone se hI saundarya sArthaka hai (bhoktA ke hone se hI zakuntalA apane saundarya ke bAre meM vizvasta hogI aura use apanA saundarya sArthaka lagegA / ) bhoktRkI cakSurindriyako sArthakya kI aura nirvANa kI anUbhUti karA sakane meM samartha ho vahI saundarya utkRSTa hai / sArthaka hai / vikramorvazIyam meM rAjA pururavA apsarA urvazI ke daivI saundarya kA varNana usake utpatti viSayaka paurANika sandarbha se jor3akara karatA hai / rAjA ke lie to urvazI itanI sundara hai ki akasmAt bhI kisI kI naz2ara meM A jAe to dekhanevAle vyakti ke netra dhanya ho jAe / " rAjA pururavA kI isa anUbhUti ke varNana dvArA kAlidAsane urvazI ke daivI saundarya ko prazasti kI parAkASThA para pahu~cAyA hai / - Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 'mAlavikAgnimitram' meM rAjA agnimitrane mAlavikA kA citra jaba se dekha liyA he taba se vaha usake pratyakSadarzana ke lie AtUra hai / mAlavikA ko dekhate hI usa ke pratyeka aGga kI anavadyatA kA varNana saMkara alaMkAra kI yojanA se karatA hai / rAjA jaba mAlavikA kA sasmita mukha dekhatA hai taba use lagatA hai ki 'upAttasArazvakSuSA meM svaviSayaH / ' nRtyaprayoga ke bAda mAlavikA jaise hI maMca para se adRzya hotI hai rAjA ko lagatA hai ki jaise A~kho kA bhAgya asta ho gayA, hRdaya kA mahotsava pUrNa ho gayA mAlavikA ke bhogya saundarya ko rAjA kI bhoktR cakSurindriya ke bhAgyarUpa aura sArarUpa batAkara kAlidAsane mAlavikA ke saundarya kA carama utkarSa bayAna kiyA hai / kumArasambhavam meM ziva ko pati ke rUpa meM prApta karane ke manoratha se pArvatI kAmadeva aura vasaMtaRtu kI sahAyatA lekara unakI pUjA karane jAtI hai, taba ziva vimbaphala samAna adharoSThavAlI pArvatI ke mukha ko tInoM AMkho se dekhate haiM parantu pArvatI anupama saundarya se bhI jitendriya zaMkara kI prasanna nahIM kara sakatI hai / parantu pArvatI kI samakSa hI ziva kAmadeva ko netrAgni se jalAkara bhasmIbhUta kara dete haiM / taba pArvatI apane saundarya kI hRdayapUrvaka nindA karatI hai / yahA~ kAlidAsa saundarya ke viSaya meM apane vicAra darzAte hai ki "priyeSu saubhAgyaphalA hi cArUtA / " arthAt 'priya ko prApta karA sakane vAlA saubhAgyaphala hI sundaratA hai / bhogya yadi bhoktA ke lie saMtarpaka na ho sake to bhogyapadArtha kA prayojana siddha nahIM hotA / vaha acaritArtha (apUrNa) rahatA hai / yahA~ pArvatI trailokya sundarI hone para bhI usakA saundarya svayaM meM aparyApta hai / usakA saundarya jaba ziva ko AkRSTa na kara sakA taba vaha tapakA mArga letI hai / ' raghuvaMza ke dvitIya sarga meM dilIpa nandinI gAya ko carAne ke lie vana meM jAtA hai taba usake prabhAvaka vyaktitva kA tAdRza citraNa kAlidAsane kiyA hai / nandinI kI rakSA ke bahAne bana ke sAre duSTa tattvoM ko vaza meM karane ke lie vana meM vicaraNa karate rAjA kA vyaktitva atyaMta daryArdra hai| dilIpa ke dayAdra vyaktitva kA sAphalya isI meM hai ki hirana jaisA Darapoka prANI bhI use apane netro kI vizAlatA sArthaka karate hue dhyAna se dekhate haiM / " kAlidAsa meM dRSTi saundarya For Private and Personal Use Only 47

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meghadUta meM bhI yakSa megha ko kahatA hai ki vahA~ (ujjayinI meM ) bijalI kI rekhAoM kI camaka se bhauMcakkI (DarI) huI nagara kI nAriyoM kI caJcala kanakhaliyoMvAlI AMkho kA yadi tumane Ananda nahIM liyA, to tumhArA jIvana vyartha hai / 99 yakSa megha ke pAsa dUtakarma karavAne kI icchA rakhatA hai / phira bhI yakSa ke matAnusAra to megha kA sArthakya vRSTikarma yA dUtakarma meM nahIM, parantu, strIyoM ke netrakaTAkSoM ke sAtha ramaNa karane meM haiM / isa prakAra kAlidAsane prakRti ke nAyaka yA nAyikA ke saundarya kA vividha prakAra se varNana kiyA hai| para isase to varNya padArtha vAcaka ko mAtra tAdRza hI hotA hai| ese varNanoM se vAcaka kavi kI kalpanAzakti, varNanazakti evaM alaGkArayojanA ke prati sAhalAd ahobhAva kA anubhava avazya karatA hai / parantu, varNya saundarya tabhI caritArtha hotA hai jaba vaha bhoktRrUpa jJAnendriyoM ko parama saMtoSa aura Ananda kI anubhUti karA sake / jJAnendriyoM ko apane viSaya meM pravRtta hone ke phala milane kI dhanyatA kA anubhava karA sake / kAlidAsa kI kRtiyoM meM vividha jJAnendriyo ke sukha kI bAta bhI dekhane ko milatI hai / zItala sparzayukta pavana, meghagarjanA, Adi ke varNana dvArA bhI kAlidAsa ne sparzendriya, zravaNendriya Adi ke sukhAnubhUti kI bAta kI hai / 12 aura cakSurindriya ke sArthakya kI bAta dvArA kAlidAsa ne saundarya para tAja kA AropaNa kiyA hai| isa prakAra saundarya kI parAkASTA kA varNana kiyA hai / yahA~ eka bAta khAsa hai ki rAjA ko zakuntalA kA darzana 'avAptacakSuH phala' lagatA hai| jaba ki vidUSaka ke lie to rAjA kA darzana hI 'avAptacakSuH phala' hai / isI prakAra atyaMta sundara padArtha yA vyakti saba kI cakSurindriya ko parama tRpti kA evaM sAphalya kA anubhava karavAne meM samartha hI hotA hai aisA nahIM hotA / kintu cakSurindriya ko parama tRpti, saMtoSa, AnaMda aura sArthakya kI anubhUti karAne meM samartha saundarya hI saccA saundarya hai aura isalie hI kAlidAsa ne apanI sabhI kRtioM meM saundarya ke varNana ke sAtha sAtha usake prati cakSurindriya ke saMtoSa kI aura usa indriya ke sArthakya kI bAta avazya kI hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir kAlidAsa ke purogAmI bhAsa 'svapnavAsavadattam' meM saundarya ke bAre meM kahate hai ki 'sarva ke mana ko Ananda de sake vahI saundarya hai / 13 kAlidAsa ke abhiprAya anusAra to jo AtmIya hotA hai vo hamezA manohara lagatA | 14 aura sAtha sAtha jo bhoktA ke lie saMtarpaka ho vahI saundarya hai / isa prakAra kevala jJAnendriyoM ko hI nahIM parantu jo mana ko bhI chU letA hai vahI saundarya hai / I saMskRta sAhitya meM kAlidAsa kA saundaryabodha aura kaviyoM kI apekSA viziSTa hai isa bAta kI pratIti hameM upara diye gaye dRSTAntoM se hotI hai / kAlidAsane apanI kRtiyA~ meM isa viziSTa saundaryabodha kA rasapAna pAThakoM ko karavAke isa tathya se avagata karAyA hai ki saundaryadarzana mAtra sthUla aura zArIrika na hokara antarAtmA kI gaharAiyoM ko chUte hue paramAtmA meM lIna hone kA mArga ho sakatA hai| itanA hI nahIM aise saundaryabodha ke sAhitya kA nirmANa kara kAlidAsa svayaM ke isa anUThe darzana ke yAtA hone kA ahesAsa bhI pAThakoM ko sahaja karAte haiM / 1. abhivyakti kI sundaratA yaha bhI hai ki 'isa gambhIra darzana kA paricaya kAlidAsa bar3e hI zRMgArika taura para karAte hai / ' 48 pAdaTIpa pAThA. dRSTavyAnAM paraM na dRSTam / aGka-2, abhijJAnazAkuntalam sAmIpya: pu. 24, khaMDa 1 -2, oprila - sapTe. 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Acharya Shri Kailassagarsur Gyanmandir 2. citre nivezya parikalpita satvayogA rupoccaye manasA vidhinA kRtA nu / strIratnasRSTiraparA pratibhAti sA me dhAtuvibhutvamanucintya vapuzva tasyAH / / 2.9 abhijJAnazAkuntalam / anAdhrAtaM ratnaM kisalayamalUnaM kararu hai ranAviddhaM ratnaM madhu navamanAsvAditarasam / akhaNDaM puNyAnAM phalabhiva ca tadrupamanadyaM na jAne bhoktAraM kamiha samupasthAsyati vidhiH // 2.10 abhijJAnazAkuntalam / asyAH sargavidhau prajApatirabhUccandro nu kaantiprdH| zrRGgAraikarasaH svayaM nu madano mAso nu puSpAkaraH / vedAbhyAsa jaDaH kathaM nu viSaya vyAvRta kautUhalo, nirmAtuM prabhavenmanoharamidaM rupaM purANo muniH // 1-10 vikramorvazIyam / yadacchayA tvaM sakRdapyavandhayoH pathi sthitA sundari / yasya netrayoH / tvayA vinA so'pi samutsuko bhavet sakhIjanaste kimutAdrasauhRdaH // 1-11 vikramorvazIyam / dIrghAkSaM zaradindukAntivadanaM bAhU natAvaMsayoH saMkSiptaM nibiDonnatastanabharaH pArzve pramRSTe iva / madhya pANimito nitamba jaghanaM pAdavarAlAGgalI chando nartayituryathaiva manasi zliSTaM tathAsyA vapuH // 2-6 mAlavikAgnimitram / bhAgyAstamayamivAkSNorhadayasya mahotsavAvasAnamivA / dvArApidhAnamiva dhRtermanye tasyAstiraskaraNam / / 2-11 mAlavikAgnimitram / harastu kiJcitapariluptadhairyazvandrodayArambha ivAmburAziH / / umAmukhe bimbaphalAdharoSThe vyApArayAmAsa vilocanAni // 3-67 kumArasambhavam / 9. sa nyastacihnAmapi rAjalakSmI tejovizeSAnumitAM dadhAnaH / AsIdanAviSkRtadAnarAjirantarmadAvastha iva dvipendraH / / 2.7 raghuvaMzam / * pAThA. raajylkssmiim| 10. dhanurbhRto'pyasya dayArdrabhAvamAkhyAntamantaHkaraNaivizaGkaH / vilokayantyo vapurApurakSNAM prakAmavistAraphalaM hariNyaH // 2.11 raghuvaMzam / 11. vakra panyA yadapi bhavataH prasthitasyottarAzAM saudhotsaGgapraNayavimukho mA sma bhUrujjayinyAH / vidyuddAmasphuraNa cakitaistatra paurAGganAnAM lilApAGgairyadi na ramase locanairvaJcito'si // 27 pUrvameghaH * pAThA. sphuritacakitai. - mallinAtha: * pAThA. vaJcitaH syAH kA. pA. kAlidAsa meM dRSTi saundarya 49 For Private and Personal Use Only

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12. tRSAkUlaiSasvAtakapakSiNAM kUlaiH prayAcitAstoyabharAvalambinaH / prayAnti mandaM bahudhAravarSiNo balAhakAH zrotramanoharasvanAH // 2.3 RtusaMhAram / kalhArapadmakumudAni muhuvidhunvaMstatsaMgamAdadhikazItalatAmupetaH / utkaNThayatyatitarAM pavanaH prabhAte patrAntalagnatuhinAmbuvidhUyamAnaH // 3.15 RtusaMhAram 13. padmAvatI :- sarvajanamano'mirAmaM khalu saubhAgyaM nAma / - aMka-2, svapnavAsavadattam 14. vidUSakaH - sarvaH khalu kAntamAtmIyaM pazyati / - aMka-2, abhijJAnazAkuntalam / sandarbha grantha : 1. abhijJAnazAkuntalam / 'vimalA', 'candrakalA', saMskRta hindI vyAkhyopetam, DaoN. zrI kRSNamaNi tripAThI, caukhambA surabhAratI prakAzana / vikramorvazIyam / 'sudhA' saMskRta, hindI, vyAkhyAdvayopetam saMskRta vyAkhyAkAra paM. paramezvaradIna pANDeya evam hindI vyAkhyAkAra zrI avanikumAra pANDeya, caukhambA, surabhAratI prakAzana / 3. mAlavikAgnimitram / saMskRta, hindI vyAkhyAdvayopetam DaoN. ramAzazaMkara pANDeya, caukhambA, surabhAratI prakAzana, vArANasI, caturtha saMskaraNam 1998 / kumArasambhavam / Adito'STamasargAvadhi mallinAthakRtayA'STamatau'ntAvadhi sItArAmakRtayA ca saJcIvinyA sametam sAnvaya 'prakAza' hindI vyAkhyopetaJca hindI vyAkhyAkAra- zrI paM. pradyumna pANDeya, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vaaraannsii| meghadUtam / sampAdakaH Do. saMsAracandra tathA paM. mohana devapanta zAstrI, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, aSTama saMzodhita saMskaraNam - 2006 raghuvaMzam / mallinAthakRtasaMjIvinITIkayA, vallabha hemAdri-dinakaramizra-cAritravardhana sumativijayAdiTIkAviziSTAMzaiH raghuvaMzasAra-pAThAntara-vividha pariziSTAdibhiH sanAthIkRtam / ekAdazaM saMskaraNam zrImadindirAkAnta caraNAntevAsinA nArAyaNa rAma AcArya 'kAvyatIrtha' ityanena TIkAviziSTAMza TippaNyAdibhirupabRMhya saMzodhitam sanAbdA - 1948 RtusaMhAram / (saMskRta-hindI vyAkhyAsaMvalitam) vyAkhyAkAra: zivaprasAda dvivedI, caukhambA saMskRta pratiSThAna, prathama saMskaraNa 1998 svapnavAsavadattam / saM. DaoN. baladeva upAdhyAya, caukhambA surabhAratI prakAzana / caturtha saMskaraNa-1995. 50 sAmIpya : .24, 1-2, sAsa-sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad H zukla yajurveda kACzAkhA ane mAthaMdina zAkhA vacce pAThabheda Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir prAstAvika : eka samaye bhAratamAM RgvedanI 21 zAkhAo, yajurvedanI 101, sAmavedanI 1000 ane atharvavedanI 9 zAkhAo astitvamAM hatI. prA. alakeza vI. dave brAhmaNagranthomAM vedanA adhyayananuM phaLa aprameya darzAvAyuM che. koI vyakti dhanathI paripUrNa AkhI pRthvInuM dAna karIne je lokane meLave che te ja loka vedanA adhyayanathI vyakti meLave che, teTaluM ja nahi tenAthI vadhIne akSaya lokane prApta kare che, mATe Ama jANIne vidvAna dararoja vedanuM adhyayana kare che. tethI dareke vedanuM adhyayana karavuM joIe. yajurveda be paramparAmAM maLI Ave che : (1) zukla yajurveda ane (2) kRSNa yajurveda, zukla yajurvedanI 15 zAkhAo ane kRSNayajurvedanI 86 zAkhAo che. zuklayajurvedanI be zAkhAo vartamAna samayamAM upalabdha thAya che : (1) mAdhyadina ane (2) kAv. maharSi yAjJavalkaye azva (nir)nuM rUpa dhAraNa karI, bhagavAna sUryane guru banAvI temanI pAsethI je vidyA meLavI te vidyA temanA madhyadina nAmanA ziSyae prApta karI hovAthI tenuM nAma 'vAjasaneyI' athavA 'mAdhyuMdina' paDyuM ane bhagavAna AdityanA sandarbhe 'zukla' vizeSaNa paNa sAthe joDAI gayuM. A rIte zuklayajurvedanI 'mAdhyadina saMhitA' astitvamAM AvI. zuklayajurvedanA (1) kACzatapathabrAhmaNa ane (2) mAdhyadina zatapatha brAhmaNa maLI Ave che. zataM pAno yatra zatapatha: tanulya: zatapatha: / tenuM nAma ja sUcave che ke temAM so adhyAya che. zuklayajurvedanI mAdhyadinazAkhAnA 'zatapatha brAhmaNa'mAM kula 14 kAMDa, 100 adhyAya, 68 prapAThaka, 438 brAhmaNa ane 7624 kaMDikAo che. A brAhmaNanA saMkalanakartA maharSi yAjJavalkya manAya che. zatapatha brAhmaNanuM bIjuM nAma 'vAjasaneya brAhmaNa' paNa che. A granthanA antima caudamAkAMDanA cothA adhyAyathI navamA adhyAya sudhIne 'bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada' kahevAmAM Ave che. bhAratIya paramparA kula 108 upaniSado gaNAve che. 'muktikopaniSada' sarva upaniSadomAM 108 upaniSado sArarUpa che tema kahe che. * vyAkhyAtA, saMskRta vibhAga, gujarAta ArTsa kaoNleja, amadAvAda-6 bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad H zukla yajurveda kAvazAkhA ane mAdhyadina zAkhA vacce pAThabheda bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada zuklayajurvedanI kACzAkhAnuM zatapatha brAhmaNa antargata che. emAM brahmavidyAnI prAptinA aMtaraMga ane bahiraMga ghaNAM hetuono upadeza karelo che tethI enuM vizALapaNuM che, arthanI dRSTie paNa e bRhad che ane granthanA mApanI dRSTie paNa e bRhad che. A upaniSadanuM uccAraNa araNyamAM gurune anusarIne karavAmAM AvatuM hovAthI tene 'AraNyaka' kahevAmAM Ave che.4 AthI enuM nAma 'bRhadAraNyakopaniSad' paDyuM che. A upaniSadamAM yAjJavalkya eka mahAna dArzanika tarIke ApaNI samakSa Ave che. kACzAkhAnA bRhadAraNyakathI mAdhyadinazAkhAnA bRhadAraNyakano bheda thoDoghaNo pAThamAM ane kyAMka For Private and Personal Use Only 51

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vibhAgomAM che, e sivAya ghaNuM kharuM banne zAkhAnA bRhadAraNyako ekabIjA sAthe ochuM vatuM sAmya dharAve che. bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada (kAvazAkhA) bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada (zatapatha brAhmaNamAdhyadina zAkhA - caudamo kAMDa) adhyAya-1, brAhmaNa - 1 thI adhyAya-4, brAhmaNa - 1 thI 4 adhyAya-2, brAhmaNa - 1 thI 6 adhyAya-5, brAhmaNa - 1 thI 5 adhyAya-3, brAhmaNa - 1 thI adhyAya-6, brAhmaNa - 1 thI 11 adhyAya-4, brAhmaNa - 1 thI 6 adhyAya-7, brAhmaNa - 1 thI 3 adhyAya-5, brAhmaNa - 1 thI 15 adhyAya-8, brAhmaNa - 1 thI 15 adhyAya-6, brAhmaNa - 1 thI 5 adhyAya-9, brAhmaNa - 1 thI 4 kula- 6 adhyAya, 47 brAhmaNa kula - 6 adhyAya, 42 brAhmaNa zatapatha brAhmaNa (mAdhyadina zAkhA)mAM bRhadAraNyaka upaniSadanI zarUAta kayA dR prajJApatyA: | tevAkSAsura 8... | (14-4-1-1) mannathI thAya che, jayAre bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada (kAvazAkhA)mAM uparokta magna pahelA adhyAyanA trIjA brAhmaNamAM jovA maLe che. kAvazAkhA ane mAdhyadina zAkhA vacce pAThabheda che enI noMdha brahmasUtrakAre paNa lIdhI che. zArIromaf fha mertanamIyate || (ba. sU. 1-2-20) ane zarIramAM rahenAra jIvAtmAne antaryAmI mAnI zakAya nahi, kAraNake kAva ane mAdhyadina e baMne zAkhAnA anuyAyIo antaryAmIthI jIvAtmAno bheda karIne Ane arthAt jIvAtmAne bhaNe che - mAne che. A sUtramAM 35Dapa eTale "kAva ane mAdhyadina ema banne zAkhAnA vidvAno" ema kahyuM che. enI spaSTatA zaMkarAcArye emanA bhASyamAM karI ja che. ahIM prazna e che ke, "paramAtmA jIvAtmAnuM niyamana kare che ke nahi ?' teno kAvazAkhA mujaba uttara e che ke, te vijJAne vijhana vijJAnAntaro 6 vijJAna - veDha Na vijJAnaM zarIraM yo vijJAnamantaro yamathaSa mAtmADatagamRta: | arthAtu je vijJAnamAM raheto hoIne, vijJAnanI aMdara che, jene vijJAna nathI jANatuM, vijJAna jenuM zarIra che, ane je aMdara rahIne vijJAnanuM niyamana kare che e tAro antaryAmI amRta AtmA che. ahIM "vijJAna' zabdano artha spaSTa thato nathI. eno artha jIvAtmA, buddhi, vizeSajJAna vagere paNa thaI zake, jyAre A vAtanI spaSTatA mAdhyadina zAkhAmAM karelI ja che. zaMkarAcArye lakhyuM ke 'aa mAtmAna takana | rUtyabhiptAvityAre atyAtmazabda: zArIratha vAva: | Ama, ahIM Atma zabda zarIradhArI jIvAtmAno vAcaka che e spaSTa che. ATalI carcA karyA bAda have ApaNe kramazaH bRhadAraNyaka upaniSadanI kAvazAkhA ane mAdhyadinazAkhA vaccenA pAThabheda joIzuM. kAva zAkhAno pATha mAdhdhadina zAkhAno pATha (1) tha da yAjJavI nAvadrAna ! atha ha yAjJavalkya AvavrAja sa tama, DhovAva yAjJavajaya... " hovAca janako vaideho yAjJavalkaya... / 1 sAmIpyaH pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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janakanI pAse yAjJavalkakya AvyA. temane (janake) kahyuM, "yAjJavalkaya !'... janakanI pAse yAjJavalkaya AvyA. te janakavaideha bolyA, "yAjJavalkaya !..." ahIM traNa zabdomAM ApaNane pAThabheda jaNAya che. sa, gana ane vaidyo A zabdo mAdhyadina zAkhAmAM maLe che, kAvamAM A zabdo maLatA nathI. kAzvamAM tam pATha che, teno artha thAya che "tene' eTale ke yAjJavalkayane. jyAre mAdhyadinazAkhAmAM sa: pATha che ane te sarvanAma janakarAjAnI sAthe jAya che. eTale ApaNe ema anumAna karI zakIe ke kAvazAkhAnA A ma7mAM maharSi yAjJavalkaya upara vadhAre bhAra mukAyo che, jyAre mAdhyadinazAkhAnA A magnamAM jijJAsu janakavaideha upara vadhAre bhAra mUkavAmAM Avyo che. kAvazAkhAno pATha mAdhyadina zAkhAno pATha (2) ubhayameva samrADiti hovAca // 1 // 10 ubhayameva samrADiti hovAca yate rAjana ! huM banene mATe Avyo chuM', #fzcadravIrachULavAneti zA evuM (yAjJavalkaye) kahyuM. rAjana ! huM baMnene mATe Avyo chuM', evuM (yAjJavalkaye) kahyuM. (yAjJavalkaya janakane) "tamane koI AcAryae je kahyuM che te ame sAMbhaLIe.' ahIM kAvazAkhAmAM pahelo mitra hovAva | tyAM pUro thAya che, jyAre mAdhyadinazAkhAmAM vAta ! tyAM pahelo mitra pUro thAya che. kAvazAkhAno pATha mAdhyadina zAkhAno pATha (3) caMdravIne nisvAgaitninirvA vai brahma ti 12 (3) abravIne 36: zaundrIyanaH | 'mane zilinanA putra jitvAe kahyuM che ke prANo vai brahma iti / 13 vANI ja brahma che." mane zulbanA putra udake kahyuM che ke prANa ja brahma che." ahIM ApaNe noMdhIzuM ke kAvazAkhAmAM jitvAzailinInA matathI janakarAjA ane maharSi yAjJavalkaya vacce saMvAda zarU thAya che, ane te mAne che ke vANI kharekhara brahma che. jyAre mAdhyadinazAkhAmAM udaMkazolhAyananA matathI janakarAjA ane maharSiyAjJavalkaya vacce saMvAdanI bhUmikA racAya che, ane te mAne che ke prANa kharekhara brahma che. ahIM kAvazAkhAmAM vANIne prAthamya ApavAmAM AvyuM che jayAre mAdhyadinazAkhAmAM prANane prAthamya ApavAmAM AvyuM che ema ApaNane jaNAya che. (4) sUtrANyanuvyAkhyAnAni vyAkhyAnAnISTaM hutamAzitaM (4) sUtrANyanuvyAkhyAnAni vyAkhyAnAni vAcaiva samrATa pAyitamayaM ca lokaH parazca lokaH sarvANi ca prayanta vA vai namra para brahma.... 15 bhUtAni vAcaiva samrAT prajJAyante vAga vai samrATa paraE vRddha... | sUtra, anuvyAkhyAna, vyAkhyAna, ISTa sUtra, anuvyAkhyAna, vyAkhyAna vANIthI ja (nAno yajJa), huta, Azita (bhUkhyAne anna jANI zakAya che. te samrATu vANI ja parabrahma che. khavaDAvIne thato dharma), pAyita (tarasyAne pANI bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad H zukla yajurveda kAvazAkhA ane mAadina zAkhA vacce pAThabheda For Private and Personal Use Only

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pIvaDAvIne thato dharma), A loka, paraloka ane badhAM ja bhUta vANIthI ja jANI zakAya che. he samrATa vANI ja parabrahma che. ahIM kAvazAkhAno... rUchuM hatazita payatamaye 2 no: paraza no: sarvALi va mUtAna... | A Akho pATha mAdhyadina zAkhAmAM jovA maLato nathI. AnA uparathI ApaNe ema kahI zakIe ke A ma7nA ThamAM vicAravistAra jovA maLe che, jyAre mAthaMdinazAkhAmAM Avo vicAravistAra jovA maLato nathI. (5) ... vRttathA tanAvAno vImUno vai ....TUMthAttathA tatsatvazrAmIDabrevImano vai vRkSetramano... - brahmetyamanaso / 7 e prakAre e jabAlAnA putrae e prakAre e satyakAme mana ja brahma che' ema kahyuM che. mana ja brahma che' ema kahyuM che. uparyukta kAvazAkhAmAM gAvIna: zabda maLe che, jyAre mAdhyadinazAkhAmAM satyakrama: evo zabda maLe che. chAMdogya upaniSadamAM satyakAma potAnI mAtA bAlAne pUche che ke, "mAruM gotra kayuM che ?' tyAre mAtA jabAlA javAba Ape che ke, "tuM je gotravALo che tene huM nathI jANatI. patinA ghare atithionI sevA karavAmAM rata rahevAthI mAruM gotra tarapha dhyAna ja na gayuM ane pachI to tArA pitA paralokavAsI thaI gayA eTale temane paNa huM pUchI na zakI. huM jabAlA nAmavALI chuM ane tuM satyakAma nAmavALo che, eTale jo koI tane pUche to tuM tAruM nAma satyakAma jAbAla kahI deje.' ahIM kAvazAkhAmAM jeNe satyano tyAga karyo nathI, je satyanI kAmanAvALo che eTale "satyakAma' evo pATha maLato hovAthI ahIM satyanuM mahattva, nAmanuM mahattva svIkAryuM che ema kahI zakAya. (6) maitreyI brahmavAnI vamUtra strI praNeva taruM (6) maitreyI brahmavadrinI amUva strI prava tyAyanI kAtyAyanyatha ha yAjJavalkayo'nyad so'nyadvRttamupAkariSyamANaH // 1 // vRttamupAriNam II yAjJavalkayo maitreyIti hovAca / 20 maitrevIti hovAva yAjJavakraya:.. 19 maitreyI brahmavAdinI hatI ane kAtyAyanI to maitreyI brahmavAdinI hatI ane kAtyAyanI to sAmAnya strIo jevI buddhivALI hatI. sAmAnya strIo jevI buddhivALI hatI. temaNe (yAjJavalkaye) bIjA prakAranI carcA tyAre yAjJavalkaye bIjA prakAranI carcA prAraMbha karavAnI icchAthI "are maitreyi !' prAraMbha karavAnI icchAthI "are maitreyi !" ema kahyuM. evuM kahyuM. ahIM kAvazAkhAmAM yAjJavalkaya evuM nAma maLe che, jyAre mAdhyadinazAkhAmAM : evuM sarvanAma yAjJavalkaya mATe maLe che. kAvazAkhAmAM 3pariSyanuM ema bhaviSyatu kRdanta paramaipada pu.pra.e.va.no prayoga jovA maLe che, jayAre mAdhyadinazAkhAmAM 3pariNaHIL: ema bhaviSyat kRdanta Atmapada pu.pra.e.va. no prayoga thayelo jovA maLe che. kAvazAkhAmAM "maitreyI' saMbodhana paheluM Ave che, jyAre mAdhyadinazAkhAmAM "maitreyI' saMbodhana yAjJavalkaya pachI Ave che. eTale kAvanA A ma7mAM maitreyInI eTale ke brahmavAdinI strInI mahattA 54 sAmIpya: pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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batAvavAmAM AvI che, jyAre mAdhyadinazAkhAnA A mantramAM yAjJavalkayanI eTale ke eka maharSinI mahattA batAvavAmAM AvI che ema ApaNe kahI zakIe. (7) trayaM zikSeddamaM vAnaM tyAmiti eSa prajApatiryad hRdayametad brahmatat sarva tavetat.... ra 21 dama, dAna ane dayA - traNeyane zIkho. je hRdaya che, te prajApati che, A brahma che, A badhuM che. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir (7) trayaM zikSema drAnaM yAmiti // 423 vAyuranilamRtambhasmAntaH zarIram / OM / kratosmara / kliSe smarAgne naya supathA rAye asmAnvizvAni deva vayunAni vidvAn / yuyoddhayasmajuhurANameno bhUyiSThAnte nama ukti viSemati zAraja eSa prajApatiryad hRdayam / etad brahmaitat sarvaM tavetat.... ||5 dama, dAna ane dayA - traNeyane zIkho. mAro prANa amara vAyumAM vilaya pAmo, ane mAruM zarIra rAkha thAva. oma... he (brahmasvarUpa) agni ! smaraNa kara, mAre prApta karavA yogya lokamAM mane laI javA mATe tuM smaraNa kara. he agnideva ! amane sanmArge parama kalyANatarapha dorI jA. he deva ! sarva karmone tuM jANe che. amArAM kuTila pApane tuM dUra kara. tane ame vAraMvAra namaskAranAM vacanothI prArthIe chIe. je hRdaya che, te prajApati che, A brahma che, A badhuM che. ahIM mAdhyadinazAkhAmAM vAyunita.... thI zarU karIne viSemeti / sudhIno mantra kACzAkhAmAM jovA maLato nathI. A ja mantra zuklayajurveda mAdhyadina saMhitAnA chellA adhyAya (IzAvAsya upaniSada)nA 15 ane 16mA mantramAM thoDAka pAThabheda sAthe jovA maLe che. Ama, kACzAkhA ane mAdhyadinazAkhAnA bRhadAraNyaka upaniSadanI tulanA karatAM ApaNane jaNAya che ke baMne zAkhA vacce ghaNAM badhAM pAThabheda astitvamAM che. koIka vakhata kACzAkhAmAM vicAravistAra thayelo jovA maLe to koIka vakhata mAdhyadinazAkhAmAM vicAravistAra thayelo jovA maLe che. mATe ja ApaNI pAse jema kAvazAkhAnuM bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada maLe che, te ja rIte mAdhyadina zAkhAnuM paNa bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada upalabdha hovuM joIe, prasiddha thavuM joIe. jo samIkSita AvRttinA be ke bethI vadhAre pATha hoya to prastuta sandarbhamAM kayo pATha vadhAre yogya che evI carcA apekSita che. parantu jyAM vedanI judI-judI zAkhAnA brAhmaNagranthanA ke upaniSadanA judA-judA pATha hoya temAM pasaMdagIno prazna Ubho thato nathI. koIka viziSTa sandarbhamAM kayo pATha vadhAre upayogI bane che e vize jarUrathI kahI zakAya. dareka zAkhAne potAno pATha ja svIkArya hoya che. bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad H zukla yajurveda kACzAkhA ane mAdhyadina zAkhA vacce pAThabheda For Private and Personal Use Only 5

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1. pAdaTIpa yAvantaM ha vai imAM pRthivIM vittena pUrNAM dadat lokaM jayati tribhistAvantaM jayati bhUyAMsaM ca akSayyaM ca ya evaM vidvAn aharahaH svAdhyAyamadhIte, tasmAt svAdhyAyo'dhyetavyaH / / zuklayajurvedAntargatamAdhyandinazAkhIyaM zatapathabrahmaNam, saMpA. paNDita cinasvAmizAstrI, caukhambA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI, dvitIya saMskaraNa, i.sa. 1884, 11-5-6-3, pR. 872 AdityAnImAni zaklAni yajUMSi vAjasaneyena yAjJavalkyenAkhyAyante / , me4, 14-8-4-33, 5. 1317 ___ sarvopaniSadAM madhye sAramaSTottaraM zatam / IzAdi aSTottarazatopaniSadaH / , saMpA. vAsudeva lakSmaNa zAstrI paNazIkara, nirNayasAgara presa, mumbaI, tRtIya saMskaraNa, i.sa. 1825, bhustiopaniSada, mantra-44, 5.558 bRhattvaM cAsya brahmavidyAhetUnAmantaraGga bahiraGga bhUtAnAM bahUnAmihopadezAt, arthato / granthaparimANatazca bahutvAt / AraNyakatvaM cAsya niyamapUrvakamaraNye'nUcyamAnatvAt / , zatapathabrAhmaNa, vRkSA295 75niSahanA prAraMbha paranI pAdaTIpa, pR. 1217 api cobhaye'pi hi zAkhinaH kANvA mAdhyaMdinAzca / , brahmasUtrazAGkarabhASyam (bhAmatI-kalpataru-parimala sahitam), prathamo bhAgaH, saMpA. zrI kanhaiyAlAla jozI, parimala pablikezansa, dillI, tRtIya saMskaraNa, i.sa. 1886, 1-2-20, pR. 254 'yo vijJAne tiSThan' (bR. upa. 3/7/22) iti kANvAH / , sena, 1-2-20, 5. 254 'ya Atmani tiSThan' iti mAdhyaMdinAH / melana, 1-2-20, 5. 254 bRhadAraNyakopaniSad (sAnuvAda zAGkarabhASyasahita), gItApresa, gorakhapura, sAtavA saMskaraNa, I.sa. 1996, 41-1, pR. 841 zatapathabrAhmaNa, 14-6-10-1, pR. 1268 10. bRha. upa. 4-1-1, pR. 841 / 11. zatapathabrAhmaNa, 14-6-10-1, pR. 1268 12. bRha. upa., 4-1-2, pR. 842 13. zatapathabrAhmaNa, 14-6-10-2, pR. 1269 14. bRha. upa., 4-1-2, pR. 842 15. zatapathabrAhmaNa, 14-6-10-6, pR. 1270 16. bRha. upa., 4-1-6, pR. 853 17. zatapatha brAhmaNa, 14-6-10-14, pR. 1271 18. chAMdogya upaniSad (sAnuvAda zAGkarabhASya sahita), gItApresa, gorakhapura, sAtavA~ saMskaraNa, I.sa. 1994, 4 4-2, pR. 381 bRha. upa., 4-5-1 ane 2, pR. 1128 20. zatapatha brAhmaNa, 14-7-3-1 ane 2, pR. 1285 21. bRha. upa., 5-2-3, pR. 1183 22. me4, 5-3-1, pR. 1188 23. zatapatha brAhmaNa, 14-8-2-4, pR. 1292 24. meTana, 14-8-3-1, pR. 1283 25. sena, 14-8-4-1, pR. 1283 a. pada sAmIpya: 5.24, 1-2, saprila-sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhAsanA rUpakomAM prApta thatA subhASitazloko ane suvAkyo prA. madhusUdana ema. vyAsa mAnavajIvananA mananA atala UMDANone mApanAro saMskRta-nATyakAra bhAsa potAnA rUpakomAM aneka viSayonuM citraNa sahajatayA-cItaryA kare che. apUrva nATyakAra rUpe bhAsa ApaNane vilakSaNa zailIne lIdhe AkarSaka ane mano2ma jaNAya che. khAsa karIne kAlidAsanI zailIthI enI zailI sahajAbhivyaktine lIdhe judI paDe che. emanAM nATakomAM Dagale ne pagale vicAra motiyo nirUpAyelAM-vikharAyelAM maLI Ave che. emAM bhatRhiranI zailInI jema durjananiMdA, sajjanaprasaMzA, dAnano mahimA, brAhmaNo taraphano ahobhAva ityAdi vyakta thayela jovA maLe che. samprati kramazaH saghaLAM nATakonI sodAharaNa carcA karIe. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir madhyamavyAyogamAM eka suMdara vAkya Ave che 'mAtA ti manuSyALAM vaivatAnAM ca dhaivatam / ' arthAt 'mAtA kharekhara manuSyonI ane devonI daivatarUpa che. 'ahIM mAtRmahimA supere vyakta thayo che. eTaluM ja nahi manuSyo uparAMta devone mATe paNa te daivatarUpa che. e vAta vyakta karavAnuM kavi bhAsa cUkato nathI. AmAM emanuM abhijAtya pragaTa thAya che e ja rIte bIjo eka vicAra vyakta thAya che jemAM baMdhubhAvanuM mAhAtmya che. "bundhustredAddhi mahata: bAryakSehastu purNama: / 'to, 'eka vAkyamAM pitAputranA sneha ane vyavahAranuM DahApaNa vyakta thAya che. ApatuM hi pitAprApto jyeSTapuALa tAryate / alabatta, 'A vAkyamAM madhyamavyAyogano ke bhImano kaMIka saMdarbha cokkasa che, paraMtu jyeSThaputrano mahimA paNa ApaNe tyAM kauTuMbika rIte kevo vadhu che e avAMtare bhAse jANe ke vyakta karI dIdhuM che. TUMkamAM madhyama vyAyogamAMhenA uparyukta traNeya vAkyo kuTuMbajIvanano prema ane mahimA zabdAMtare vyakta kare che. - karNabhAra nAme nATakanA be suprasiddha vAkyono ullekha karIe to enI arthaghanatA jaNAyA vinA raheze nahi. - 'hutaM ya vatta ca tathaiva tirthAta / " arthAt 'dAna kareluM ane homeluM emanuM ema rahe che. (=phaLaprada bane che), eTale ke niSphaLa jatuM nathI. avAMtare ahIM dAtAne preraNA ApavAmAM AvI che. te ja svarUpe ahIM mANasanA guNo kevAM yAda Ave che te vAta darzAvatAM TUMkA zabdomAM bhAsa Alekhe che ke 'tevu veDheSu muLA: gharante / ' arthAt deha nAza thAya chatAM guNo bAkI zeSa rahe che.' ahIM kavino guNapakSapAt najare caDhe che temaja guNasvarUpe mANasa amara rahe che. evuM paNa arthaghaTana karI zakAya. dUtavAkyamAM eka suMdara zloka maLI Ave che jemAM bhrAtRpremanA guNanuM varNana che. kartavyo bhrAtRSu sneho vismartavyA guNetarAH / sambandho bandhubhiH zreyAn lokayorubhayorapi // ahIM zabdAMtare baMdhu bAMdhavo sAtheno saMbaMdha ja mANase rAkhavo joIe e vAta tArasvare kahevAI che. je AjanA saMdarbhamAM paNa yathArtha jaNAya che. 'paMcarAtra' nAme eka nATakamAM bhAsane srIdoSane lIdhe keTaluM zuM nAza pAme che te IMgita che. - latayAsaktayA skandho zuSkayA veSTitataruH / nirviSTo duSkule sAdhuH strIdoSeNa ca dahyate // to savimAraka nAme nATakamAM paNa strIsvabhAvane vizenI kavinI kalpanA A rIte vyakta thaI che. '"vulaya hanti mahena nArI tadrayaM kSubdhananA navIva !' arthAt - alpajalavALI nadInI jema abhimAnathI baMne * saMskRta vibhAgAdhyakSa, ArTsa kaoNleja, zAmaLAjI-383355 (ji. sA.kAM.) bhAsanA rUpakomAM prApta thatA subhASitazloko ane suvAkyo For Private and Personal Use Only paNa

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(mAtRgRha-patigRha)no nAza nArI kare che. e uparAMta eka subhASitamAM kahevAyuM che ke - rAjA vizeno saMga ApaNane sukhadu:kha baMne Ape che. A zloka bhAsaviracita "bAlacarita'mAM maLI Ave che. smaratApi bhayaM-rAjA bhayaM na smaratA'pi vA / ubhAbhyAmapi gantavyo bhayAdapyabhayAdapi // ahIM abhiSeka nATakamAM mitra kone kahevo e aMgenI bhAsanI zlokAtmaka vyAkhyA maLI Ave che je vAtane judI ja rIte vyakta kare che mATe noMdhapAtra che. majjamAnamakAryeSu puruSaM viSayeSu vai / nivArayati yo rAjan sa mitraM ripuranyathA // kavinA aneka nATakomAM bhAgyamahimA paNa vyakta thato rahe che. khAsa karIne "svapnavAsavadattammAM kavie nIce darzAvelo zloka A saMdarbhe darzAvyo che. kAlakrameNa jagataH parivartamAnA / cakrArapaMktiriva gacchati bhAgyapaMktiH // svapnanATakamAM ja utsAha nAmanA guNanI prazaMsA vilakSaNa rIte kavi karI jANe che. je adyAvadhi upayogI che. "prApa di narendrI: rotsAvi mukhya " e sivAya bhAsanA "cAdata' nATakamAM eka vilakSaNa artha ApatuM vAkya prApta thAya che, je emanI zailInuM paNa nidarzana kare che - "arthataH puruSo nArI yA nArI sArthata: puman " arthAtu - paiso hovAne kAraNe strI paNa puruSanA jevI (=pauruSa parAyaNa ?) balavAna banI jAya che ane dravyahIna puruSa nArI jevo, abaLAjevo garIbaDo banI jAya che." Ama bhAsanA tera nATakomAM calaNI sikkArUpa subhASita vAkyo ane subhASitarUpanA zloko atra-tatra-sarvatra prApta thAya che je kavikarmanI camatkRti rUpe jaNAya che. bhAsanI prazasti karanArA aneka prAcIna ane arvAcIna vAkyo ke zloko maLI Ave che, paraMtu temAM vadhu noMdhapAtra prazaMsA bANabhaTTe karelI hovAnuM pratIta thAya che. - sUtradhAra kRtAraMbhairnATakaibahubhUmikaiH / sapatAphairpazolebhe bhAso devakalairiva // harSacarita prastuta zodhapatramAM mahAkavi bhAsa vizenI jANItI prazastione noMdhAvAne badale alpakhyAta prazastivacano noMdhavAno upakrama rAkhyo che. AvI A prakhyAta sUktio paNa ghaNI maLI Ave che. suprasiddha subhASita saMgraha - "zAnadharapaddhati'nA 118mAM zlokamAM sukavisUcimAM prathama nAma bhAsanuM ja che, juo - bhAsorAmilasaumilo vararuciH zrIsAhasAMkavatakavimeNTho bhAravi-kAlidAsataralAH skandhaH subandhuzcayaH / daNDIbANadivAkarau gaNapatiH kAntazca ratnAkaraH siddhAyasya sarasvatI bhagavatI ke tasya sarve vayam // prastuta saci ( kaviruci) ja spaSTa kare che ke bhAsanA jevA jANItA-ajANyA kavio potAnI kavitA kAminInA prabhAvathI suprasiddha che. to "sarasvatI kaMThAbharaNa'nA kartAo eka zlokamAM je prazasti karI che te nIce mujaba che : bhAsayatyApi bhAsAdau kavivarge jagattrayIm / ke na yAnti nibandhAraH kAlidAsasya dAsatAm // pa8 sAmIpyaH pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kAlidAsanI kRtiomAM matratatra pri. DaoN. baMsIdhara upAdhyAya vadudhANA fpannA: sthAna: siddhihetad: I (pu. 2-6) mahAkavi kAlidAse siddhinA aneka mArgo svIkAryA che. yoga, vedAnta, bhakti, mImAMsA, tatra vagerenA mArgonA samarthanano aneka AdhAra mahAkavinI kRtiomAM che. ahIM Agama' zabdano prayoga dhyAnapAtra che. Agama zabdano adhika saMbaMdha 'tatra'nI sAthe che. tatranA "rudrayAmala', 'DAmara' vagere tannonA grantha 'Agama' kahevAya che. ziva-zaktinuM svarUpa, zivanuM prAdhAnya vagerenA AdhAra para zaivAgama tanna ke kAzmIrI zaiva matanuM samarthana hovAnI saMbhAvanA che. chatAM paNa kAlidAsa nAma "kAlIno dAsa' e artha spaSTa kare che. pracalita daMtakathA anusAra mahAkavi bhagavatI kAlInA upAsaka hatA, parantu aneka vidvAnono mata che ke "kAlidAsa' e koI vizeSa nAma nathI, paNa "upanAma' che kAraNa ke kAlInI kRpAthI acAnaka camatkArika rIte vAku-siddhi maLI, e vAta vaijJAnika draSTithI sAbita thaI zakatI nathI. paraMtu A vAta dhyAnapAtra che ke zrI harSa, paMDitarAja jagannAtha vagere kavionA prakAMDa pAMDityano paraMparAgata mULasrota koI siddhi cintAmaNi, bAlA tripurA, sArasvata vagere mitronI ja siddhi che. enuM pramANa paNa kavi-racita kRtiomAM meLavI zakAya che. mahAkavi kAlidAse paNa yoga ane bhoga para aneka vicAro prakaTa karyA che. chatAM paNa tAjhika siddhionI upekSA karI nathI. AdikAlathI bhAratamAM matra-tatrano prasAra rahyo che. I.sa. chaThThA-zatakathI dasamA zataka sudhI to bhAratamAM teno bhAre pracAra thato rahyo. pachI bhaktinA AndolananA srotamAM tavilIna thaI gayuM ane ta- eka 'gAruDI vidyA" ja banI gaI. tannanA mukhya traNa prakAra che : "kaula", "akula" ane "samayAcAra". kaula tatramAM kuMDalinI zakti ke citi zaktinuM prAdhAnya mAnavAmAM Ave che. akulamAM daharAkAza sthiti zivajInuM prAdhAnya rahe che. baMnenuM sAmaMjasya trIjI paraMparAmAM che. kAlidAsane eka bAju nAndIpagho, kumArasaMbhava ane zAkuntalanA bharata-vAkyanA AdhAra parathI "zaiva' mAnavAmAM Ave che. bIjI tarapha kAlidAsa nAma mahAkavi kAlIbhakta hovAnI vAta sUcita kare che. paraMtu vastutaH kAlidAsa ziva ane zakti baMne tarapha samAnabhAve jue che. baMnenuM sAmaMjasya kavine abhipreta che. temaja mahAkavi tannanI trIjI paraMparA samayAcAranuM samarthana kare che. kAlidAsa mAlavikAgnicitramAM 'maSTafhya napi tanavaMjhato nAmanaH' kahI. zivajIne ':'thI batAvI, zivajInA ATha-svarUpa tanu ke mUrti dvArA ziva-zaktinI ektAnI sAthe bhinnatA ghotita kare che. kAlidAse jyAM-jayAM je-je aSTamUrtino saMdarbha Apyo che, tyAM-tyAM "tanu' ke 'mUrti strIliMga zabdano ja prayoga karyo che. zAkuntalamAM zivajInA ATha-svarUpanA 'yA mRfi hRSTadyA... (1.1) padyamAM varNana che. tyAM zivanA paMbhAvane strIliMgamAM kavie joyo che. zAkuntalanA bharatavAkyamAM pravartatAM pratihitAya pafthava:'mAM pRthvI svarUpa ziva prakRti ke zaktinuM hita kare, arthAtu pRthvI tattvayukta jIva prakRti ke mULa tattvane meLavavA prayatna kare. "sarasvatI zruti hatI mahayatAm'mAM prArthanA che ke, sarasvatInI pUjanIyatA vadhe. chellA be caraNomAM "mamApi va kSathatu nauttatohita punarnavaM parivAtap/tmazra:' dvArA prArthanAmAM nIlalohitajyoti svarUpa parigatazakti ziva che te 'ntAsaMmizrada:' (1/6), ' mumativyatire svI' (1/4)mAM varNavAyA che. temaja kuMDalinI zaktiyukta * ke. sI. zeTha ArTsa kaoNleja, vIrapura, (ji. kheDA) kAlidAsanI kRtiomAM matratatra pa9 For Private and Personal Use Only

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zivanuM svarUpa ja kavine abhipreta che. kumArasaMbhava mahAkAvyamAM zivajI samAdhistha hovAnuM kAraNa 'satau yogavisRSTaverA' batAvAyuM che.' brahmAjInI stutimAM strIputva vibhAga pachIthI svIkAra karAyo che. futara zabdano prayoga "eka zeSa haM' dhyAnapAtra che. raghuvaMzanA AraMbhanAM padyamAM paNa ardhanArIzvara ziva-zivAnI sAyujaya bhAva ja che. ahIMthI 'ddhati: praNavo yAsam (ku. 2/12)' zabda brahmano AviSkAra thayo che. zabdabrahmanuM prAkaTya kuMDalinI zaktithI ja thAya che. tatramAM paNa mUlAdhArathI maNipura cakra sudhI brahmA, anAhata-cakramAM viSNune sahastrAramAM ziva-svarUpa vhoya che. kuMDalinI citi zakti ane zivanA milanathI ja AnaMda niSpanna thAya che. A ja kumArasaMbhava che. kumAranA AnaMdano saMbhava che. zivajIne "nItvanoditatasa: (ru. 2/57), paraM tistamaH pAre' (. 2/58) kahyA che. AvA zivanI sAthe umAnA ucita saMyoganI vAta batAvatA brahmAe kahyuM che. umAnuM sauMdarya 'mayAnta' ane zivajI '' umAnI zaktinA prAbalyano kavie svIkAra karyo che. baMnenI bIjAdhAna zakti samAna che. jalamayI mUrti retanuM sUcana spaSTa che.jaA samAdhistha bhagavAna zitikaMTha parama-jayotinuM dhyAna kare che,' paraMtu umAnA AgamananI sAthe zivajInuM dhyAna pUrNa thaI jAya che. mAno ke zivajI parama-jyoti zivAnuM dhyAna karI rahyA hoya ! zivajIe saptarSione kahyuM che ke lagnanI icchA svArthaparaka nathI." satI, pArvatI, umA, Adyazakti che. zivajInA tenI sAthenA lagna zivane zaktiyukta karavA mATe che. 'ziva: zavanyA yut | zam: pravitam ' (saundaryanI 2) ziva zakti vinA kaMI ja karI zake tema nathI. kAlidAse pArvatInA ja saudaryanuM nakhazikha varNana karyuM che e bIjI koI nAyikAnA sauMdaryanuM nakhazikha nirUpaNa kavie karyuM nathI. pArvatI kavinI sAme koI sAmAnya nAyikA nathI. pArvatI Adyazakti che. eTalA mATe kavie AThamA-sargamAM saMbhoga zRMgAranuM nirUpaNa karatI vakhate pArvatI, umA vagere nAmonI sAthe "aMbikA' zabdano paNa prayoga karyo che. Adyazakti satI, gaurI ke pArvatI ja mahAkAlI, mahAlakSmI, mahAsarasvatI che. anya devIonA varNanamAM kevaLa mahAkAlInuM ja svarUpa varNana kavie karyuM che. zivajInA vivAha samaye jAnaiyAomAM mAtamaNDala zivajInI pAchaLa che. 7A te mAtAonI pAchaLa kAlI cAlI rahI che. tADakAvadha prasaMgamAM kavie tADakA varNanamAM kAlInuM svarUpa upamAna batAvyuM che. tADakA calakapAlakuNDalA kAlikeva balAkinI (raghu. 9/17) 'zodhitvaSya purUvamevRtAm ' (pR. 6/17) 'nyavakrokSitA' (pR. 6/20) tADakAnuM varNana smazAna kAlI ke ruDamur3abharaNA AMtamekhalA rudhiracandanacarcita kAlInA viziSTa svarUpamAM ja kavie abhivyaMjita karyuM che. mahAlakSmInuM koI viziSTa svarUpa varNana karyuM nathI. mahAlakSmIe umA-zaMkara para chatra dhArI rAkhyuM hovAnuM varNana maLe che. 0 sAmIpya : pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Acharya Shri Kailassagarsur Gyanmandir sarasvatI cAmara DhoLatAM hatAM. 10 temaja Adha-zakti ja zaktitraya rUpa che. saptazatInA kramamAM paNa mahAkAlI, mahAlakSmI ane mahAsarasvatI che. ziva-zakti umA-zaMkaranA lagna pachI saMdhyAkAlathI caMdrodayanuM varNana paNa daSTravya che. saMdhyAkAlIna vAdaLonI hAra (2 pItafpaNA: pomuvAM DhoTa: (pu. 8/48)). kuMDalinI citi zaktinA svarUpa sAthe meLa rAkhe che. pachI joIe rAtrinuM varNana. mAnI lo ke kAlarAtrInuM ja varNana che.'' tamoguNa varNana pachI rajoguNa yukta candrodayanuM varNana mahAlakSmInA svarUpathI 'tariva rofmarAvRtam' che. kramazaH candranI lakSmI kSetimAM dhAraNa kare che. jANe sarasvatInuM ja svarUpa che.12 caMdrano yogatArAnI sAthe samAgama 'tArAnI vAta sUcita kare che. 'vArukula yogAtArayA yuthane taratnavasvaya zazI' bauddhonI tArA sAdhAnA ke daza mahAvidyAomAM tArAnuM sthAna sujJAta che. temaja kAlI ane tArA daza mahAvidyAlayomAMthI kavine abhipreta che. daza mahAvidyAonA be vargamAM vaheMcAya che. vizvAmitranI yajJavedInuM varNana - 'vIkSya vedimatha raktabindubhirbandhujIvapRthubhiH praduSitAm.... cutavidUta yuvAn ' (pR. 3/ra1) ane lavaNAsuravadha prasaMga'dhuumodhuumro vasAgandhI jvAlAbabhruziroruhaH, vyArA parivAranA prariva naTu : ' (pu. 25/6) AsuravarNana dvArA kavi smazAnasAdhanAnuM jJAna pragaTa kare che. bhavabhUtinA mAlatImAdhavamAM kapAlakuDalA ane smazA 'sAdhanArata kapAlI agharaghaMTa yA devInA dezakumAracaritamAM mannaguptanI sAdhanA arthAta bANanA caMDikAyatananA bhairavAcAryanI yAda ahIM Ave che. yuddha varNanamAM mandrasiddhi AgneyAnna, vAyavyAstra, vAruNAstra, brahmAstra vagere astronuM varNana maLe che. vasiSThanA 'atharvani:' (dhu. 2/52) batAvyuM che. 'vasijhamokSaNanAta:' (pR. 5/27) batAvyuM che ke vasiSTha mavita hatA. raghuvaMzamAM gandharve ajane saMmohanAstra ApyuM che. 13 vAlmikI paNa "mannakRta' kavi che." vizvAmitra paNa "mantravidra kavi che. tADakAvadha prasaMge temane rAmane maMtra Apyo che'maitratajhamatha madrava: prApamAnatoSiAt ' (pR. 22/22) khuda vizvAmitre rAma ane lakSmaNane balAtibalAvidyAnuM jJAna ApyuM che. 15 Ama kAlidAsa ma7 paraMparAothI sujJAta hatA. matra-tatramAM dIkSAvidhinuM adhika mahattva che. kAlidAse dIkSAvidhinuM sArI rIte saMkSipta varNana ApyuM che.' mota-nI siddhio to camatkRtinA parama AkarSaNane janma Ape che. yogathI prApta mAnasI siddhinuM varNana mahAkavie zAkansalamAM zakantalAnI vidAya vakhate vanadevatAonA yogadAnamAM karyuM che. sAthe-sAthe kavie matrasiddha zastronA prabhAva sivAya anya siddhionuM varNana paNa karyuM che. kAlidAsanI kRtiomAM magnatatva For Private and Personal Use Only

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(1) kautsa prasaMgamAM kubera dvArA suvarNavarSA (dhu. pU. ra7-30) kanakadhArA ke svarNAkarSaNa prayogano prabhAva hoI zake. mAlavikAgnimitramAM sarpadaMza prasaMgamAM sarpaviSanivAraNa mATe viSavaidya dhruvasiddhie '39 vidhAna samudrita kimapi tvayitavyam' (pR. 306) dvArA tAtrika prayoga sUcita karyo che. gAruDamaNi ane sarpAstranI sAthe gAruDAstrano ullekha paNa sarSanivAraNanA mATeno prayoga sUcita kare che. (2) adrazya thavA mATe urvazIne tiraskariNIno AdhAra bIjA ane trIjA aMkamAM lIdho che. "taM tAvadupasami / tiraskAriNIpraticchannA bhUtvA zroSyAmi tAvatvArzvaparivartinA vayasyena saha vijane kiM mannathaUNIUtikatIti | (aMka-2, pR. 357). tiraskariNImapanIya pRSThato gatvA rAjJo nayane saMvRti vitra tirariAjapanIya: viSa saMjJApati (aMka-3, pR. 382) tiraskariNI vidyA maMtra vidyAmAM suparicita che. zAkuntalamAM mAtali paNa tiraskariNIthI ja adazya thAya che. 17 (3) AkAzagamanavidyAnA sahAre pururavA sUryopatthAna mATe svarga-sUryamaMDaLamAM jAya che. 'paritrAyadhvaM paritrAyadhvaM yaH surapakSapAtI yasya vA''mbaratale gatirasti / 8 kezI Adi rAkSasonI A siddhi sujJAta che. duSyantanI A siddhi prApta na thaI. citraratha gandharva ane citralekhA, urvazI, sAnumatI, menakA vagere apsarAone A siddhi prApta che. (4) paravRttajJAna siddhino upayoga citralekhA pururavA zuM kare che te jANavA mATe kare che, paNa urvazI jANavA mATe Ama karatAM Dare che. 'bibhemi sahasA prabhAvAdvijJAtum / () prabhAvanirmita bhUfpatra paNa vastunirmANa karavAnI siddhi sUcave che. (6) devaguru bRhaspatie kezI dAnavanA AkramaNa pachI apsarAone zikhAbaMdhana vidyAthI surakSita banAvI hatI. 'nanu devaguruNA aparAjitA nAma zikhAbandhanavidyAmupadizatA tridazapratipakSasyAlaGghanIye kRte svaH / 20 (7) sagamanIyamaNi paNa tAntrika siddhinuM ja pariNAma che. (vikramo. aMka 4-37), pR. 403) (8) zAkuntalamAM rakSA karaNDakano prabhAva sujJAta che. mArica RSie banAvelA rakSA karaNDaka eka tAMtrika prayoganI siddhi che - "TSA pavitA nApauSadha: ma0 nAtazarmAthe bhavitA marina drattA | etA kila mAtApitarau AtmAnaM ca varjayitvA aparo bhUmipatitAM na gRhaNAti / ... tatastaM sarpo mUtvI rAti ' (a.zA. a. 7) kumArasaMbhavamAM batAvAyuM che ke pArvatInA maMgala nepathyanA AMcalamAM (pAnetaranA cheDe) gaura siddhArthaka bAdhAnivAraNa mATe bAMdhe che. "sA gaurasiddhArtha nivezayadibhApravAlaiH pratibhinnazobham / nittaffma zrIyamupattiviUTEkhya nepathyamanAra '' (. 7/7, pR. 84) sAmIpya : pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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(10) zAkuntalamAM zakuMtalA mATe gautamI zAMtyudaka lAve che. atharvavedamAM zAMtyudakano vidhi che. kauzika sUtramAM teno saMha cha. noMdha : A lekhamAM kAlidAsa granthAvalI, saM. revAprasAda trivedIno AdhAra tathA uddharaNo levAmAM AvyA che. pAdaTIpa yadaiva pUrvaM janane zarIraM sA dakSa zeSAt sudatI sasarja / tadA prabhRtyA viyuktasaGgaH pati pazUnAmaparigraho'bhUt // (ku. 1/53) raghu. 1/1 umArUpeNa ya ye yUyaM saMyamastimitaM manaH / zambhoryatadhvamAkraSTalumayaskAntena lohavat / / (ku. 2/60) ubha eva kSame voDhumubhayo/jamAhitam / sA vA zambhostadIyA vA mUrtirjalamayI mama || (ku. 2/60) 4A. nivAtaniSkAmpapradIpa (ku. 3/4) 5. kapAlanetrAntaralabdhamArge jyotiparohairUditaiH zirastaH / mRNAlasUtradhikasaukumAryabalasya lakSmI glapayantyaH / / (ku. 3/50) vidi taM vo yathA svArthA na me kAzcit pravRttayaH / / nanu mUtibhiraSTAbhiritthaM bhUto'smi sUcitaH / / (ku. 6/26) ku. 8/18, 77 7A. 'taM mAtaro devamanuvrajantyaH / ' (kR. 7/38) tAsAM ca pazcAt kanakaprabhAnAM kAlI kapAlAbharaNA cakAse / (ku. 7/39) tayoruparyAyatanAladaNDamAghatta lakSmIH kamalAtapatram / (ku. 7/89) 10. dvidhA prayuktena va vAGmayena sarasvatI tammithunaM nunAva / saMskArapUtena varaM vareNyaM vadhUM sukhaM grAhyAnibandhanena / (ku. 7/90) "nordhvamIkSaNagatirna cAdho nAbhitApha na purato na pRSThataH / loka eva timiraudhaveSThitA garbhavAsa iva vartate nizi // " "zuddhamAvilamavasthitaM calaM vakramArjavaguNAnvitaM ca yat / sarvameva tamasA samIkRtaM dhik mahattvamasatA hatAntaram // " (ku. 8/56, 57) raktabhAvamapahAya candramA jAta eva parizuddhamaNDalaH / vikriyA na khalu kAladoSajA nirmalaprakRtiSu sthirAdayA / (ku. 9/65) saMmohanaM nAma sakhe mamAstraM prayogasaMhAravibhaktamantram / gAndharvamAdatsva... / / (raghu. 5/57) 14. raghu. 15/31 tau balAtibalayoH prabhAvato vidyayoH pathi munipradiSTayoH / mammalurna maNikuTTimocitau mAtRpArzvaparivartanAviva // (raghu. 11/9) 16. tathApasmRzya payaH pavittaM somAdbhavAyAH sarito nRsomaH / udaGmukhaH so'stravidasramantraM jagrAha tasmAnnigRhItazApAt / / (raghu. 5/60) 17. bhoH tiraskariNIgarvita / madIyaM zastraM vA tvA drakSyati / zAku. 6, pR. 538 18. vikramo. aMka 1, pR. 341 18. vikramo. pR. 357 20.. vikramo. pR. 356 21. zAku. aMka 75, pR. 551-552 u. kAlidAsanI kRtiomAM mannatanna For Private and Personal Use Only

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uttararAmacaritamAM nirUpita prakRtinuM raudrarUpa vartamAna pariprekSyamAM DaoN. DI. eca. gosvAmI* bharatamunine mana to saMskRta nATaka phakta manoraMjana prAptinuM mAdhyama ja hi, lokopayogI paNa hovuM joIe. duHkhArtAnAM zramArtAnAM zokArtAnAM tapasvinAm / vizrAntijananaM kAle nATyametanmayA kRtam // dharma, artha ane AyuSyane (vadhAranAruM) karanAruM, hitakAraka, buddhi vadhAranAruM ane lokone upadeza ApanAruM A nATaka haze. nATakano mahimA paNa varNavyo che ke evuM koI zAstra nathI, evuM zilpa nathI, evI vidyA nathI. evI kaLA nathI, evuM koI karma nathI ke je A nATakamAM na hoya.' Ama saMskRta nATaka phakta manoraMjana prAptinuM mAdhyama ja nathI, temAMthI ghaNuM jJAna paNa prApta karavAnuM che. bhAratanA A vicArane bhavabhUtie uttararAmacarita nATakamAM sArthaka karyo che. bhavabhUtie prakRtinuM nirikSaNa ghaNI sAvadhAnIthI karyuM che, prakRtinAM phakta komaLa pAsAonuM ja nahi bhayaMkara ke raudra pAsAonuM nirUpaNa karyuM che, mahad aMze kudaratI prakopamAM prakRtinA raudra svarUpanAM ApaNane darzana thAya che. bhavabhUti vAcako ane cittakone jANe kaheto na hoya, komaLa prakRti paNa kyAreka raudrarUpa dhAraNa kare che tenA raudrarUpane oLakho ane prakRtinI mAvajata karo. vartamAna samayanA saMdarbhamAM kahevuM hoya to paryAvaraNane oLakho ane jANo, ane eTalA mATe ja to Aje yunivarsiTIone paNa khyAla Avyo che ke vidyArthI paryAvaraNa ane DIjhAsTara menejamenTa vize jANato hovo joIe. kAraNa ke vyakti paryAvaraNa ane prakRtine jANato haze to ja tenA raudrarUpanA samaye jAgRta rahI zakaze, pote salAmata rahI zakaze ane anyane salAmata rAkhI zakaze, 26 jAnyu. 2003no gujarAta, kacchano bhUkaMpa, sunAmInuM tAMDava, kaMDalAbaMdaranuM 97-98nuM vAvAjhoDuM, 23 jUna 1997nuM pUra vageremAM ApaNane prakRtinuM ke kudaratanuM raudrarUpa jovA maLyuM. bhavabhUtie prakRtinAM komaLa ane kaThora banne svarUpo potAnA nATakomAM nirUpyAM che. kItha kahe che ke je bhaya preraka ane zobhAyamAna hoya tenuM bhavabhUtine AkarSaNa che. bhavabhUtinA nATakomAM vanadevatA, vasuMdharA ane gaMgAnadI pote svayaM pAtrarUpe prekSakonI samakSa pratyakSa thAya che. kAlidAsanI prakRti komaLa che, jyAre bhavabhUtinI prakRtimAM komaLa ane kaThora banne pAsAM daSTigata thAya che. janasthAnamAM tapa karatA zambakano vadha karavA mATe rAma jayAre janasthAnamAM daMDakAraNyamAM padhAre che tyAre daMDakAraNyanA pradezano bhaugolika paricaya Ape che. snigdhazyAmAH kvacidaparato bhISaNAbhogarukSAH sthAne sthAne mukharakubho jJAGkRtairgijharANAm / ete tIrthAzramagirigartakAntAramizrAH sandRzyante paricitabhuvo daNDakAraNyabhAgAH // 14 // A tIrtha, Azrama, parvata, nadI, khADA ane jaMgalothI yukta daMDakAraNyano bhAga che ke jayAM kyAMka 8 adhyakSa, saMskRta vibhAga, myu. ArTsa enDa arbana beMka sAyansa kaoNleja, mahesANA-384002 sAmIpyaH pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe, 2007 64 For Private and Personal Use Only

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snigdha ane zyAma to kyAMka bhISaNa vistArane lIdho rukSa sthAne jharaNAMono kalakala avAja paNa che, bhavabhUtine mana rukSa prakRtimAM paNa jharaNAo kalakala avAja kare che. jayAre zaMbuka to daMDakAraNyano paricaya paNa Ape che, unmata ane bhayaMkara pazuonA samUhovALAM girigahara yukta janasthaLamAM aMtImabhAganAM jaMgalo dakSiNa dizA tarapha jAya che. A jaMgalo badhAM prANIone romAMca utpanna kare che. vaLI daMDakAraNyanA sImApradezo paNa kevA che. kyAMka nirjana, avAja vagaranA to kyAMka bhayaMkara pazuonA avAjavALA emAM sarpanA zvAsathI agni pedA thAya che tathA bakholamAM svaccha pANI durlabha hovAthI kAMcaDAo ajagarano parasevo pIe che.' bhavabhUti kudaratI Aphato kevI rIte te tarapha paNa keTalo sajAga che. saMvananamurarabUstriotano nirdhAri:' sarpanA zvAsathI agni pradIpta thAya che ane A agni kyAreka vaDavAnala jevI moTI honArata paNa sarjI zake che. Ama suMdaravana pradezo kyAreka AgamAM lapeTAI jAya che ane moTI honArata sarjI zake che, A che bhavabhUtinI prakRtinuM raudrarUpa. samaya jatAM prakRtimAM parivartana paNa Ave che, nadIonAM vaheNa badalAya che, to retALa pradeza paNa lIlochama thAya che, paraMtu parvatonI sthiti to tenI te ja rahe che. purA yatra srotaH pulinamadhunA tatra saritAM viparyAsaM yAto dhanaviralabhAvaH kSitiruhAm / vahordaSTa kAlAdaparamiva manye vanamidaM nivazaH zailAnAM taditamiti buddhi draDhayati // Ama vanapradezo paNa ghaNA samaye badalAya che, paraMtu parvatonI sthiti to tenI te ja rahe che. ahI anavasthito pUtasaMniveza: I (are vastuonI vyavasthA kevI badalAI che) bhavabhUti jANe manuSyo ane jIvasRSTine cetavato hoya ke suMdara prakRti, jaMgalo, nadIo, vRkSothI yukta pradezo vageremAM paNa parivartana Ave che. A parivartanane oLakho ane te pramANe vyavasthA karo. parvatonI bhayAnakatAnuM paNa kavie abhuta nirIkSaNa karyuM che ke, jenA khaDakhaDa avAja karatA vAMsanA vRkSonA samUhamAMthI prasarato ghuvaDonA dhutkArathI kAgaDAono samUha paNa mUMgo banI jAya che to moranA avAjathI sarpono samUha paNa caMdananA vRkSanA thaDa para vIMTaDAya che.* kavie jaLanA bhArathI bharelA meghanI gaMbhIra garjanAno paNa paricaya Apyo che, kavi prAkRtika tattvonA jANe ke dareka pAsAono jJAtA na hoya ane saMdeza paNa Ape che ke prakRtinA tamAma pAsAone oLakho. prakRti phakta saMhAraka ja nathI jIvanadAyinI paNa che ane tethI ja kavie vanadevatA, bhagavatI bhAgIrathI ane bhagavatI pRthvI jevAM pAtrone sajIva svarUpe nirUpyAM che ke jeoe sItAne bacAvI hatI tema Apa saunuM paNa rakSaNa karaze. pUrepUruM bhareluM taLAva to chalakAvavAnuM ja, (3.29) taDako to phUlane sUkavI ja nAkhavAno (3.30) aTakAvI na zakAya tevo jaLapravAha to retInA pulane toDI ja nAkhavAno che (3.36) vagere nIrakSaNamAM kavie kudaratI Aphato pratye saMketa karyo che ane jIvasRSTie tenAthI sAvadhAna rahevAnuM sUcana karyuM che. pralayakALano pavana paNa kevo hoya che ke je pANInA samUhane Amatema pheMke che, teno bhayaMkara avAja paNa parvato athaDAvAthI kSubdha bane che, to vaLI vaDavAnalanA mukhanI jvALAo bhakSaka banIne badhuM ja svAhA uttararAmacaritamAM nirUpita prakRtinuM raudrarUpa vartamAna pariprekSyamAM For Private and Personal Use Only

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karI jAya che. A badhAM che prakRtinAM raudrarUpo, 'tara va mastAmasI vaidyutaza' aMdhakAra ane vIjaLInuM mizraNa to bhaya ja pedA kare che, vAdaLa ane vIjaLInA milanathI guphAo paNa lAla-pILI bane che. pralayakALanuM kevuM bhayAnaka citraNa kavie chaThThA aMkanA mizra viSphabhakamAM karyuM che. yatvanayavAtAvanikSamIra... mRtagAtaM pravepattA pralayakALamAM vAyuvaMToLathI vAdaLo paNa kSubdha banIne gaMbhIra avAja kare che, pariNAme jagata kALAghaTTa aMdhakAramAM vIMTaDAya che ane te eka sAthe AkhA vizvane gaLI jatI kalinI mukharUpI guphAmAM AvI paDyuM che, bhagavAna nArAyaNe jANe yoganiMdrAmAM badhAM dvAra baMdha karyA che, pariNAme nArAyaNanA udaramAM raheluM jagata kape che, pralayakALanuM AvuM bhayaMkara citraNa anyatra kyAMya jovA maLatuM nathI. kavie jANe ke pralayane sAkSAta joyo na hoya tevuM sajIvAropaNa prakRtinA kaThora pAsAnA nirUpaNamAM karyuM che. sAtamA aMkamAM lakSmaNanA saMvAdamAM kavie devo, asuro, pazu-pakSIo ane sarparAjanA rasAlA sahitanI AkhI sacarAcara pRthvIno parIcaya ApI dIdho che to, sUtradhAranA saMvAdamAM kavi "sasthAvarana' arthAta jagatane sthAvara ane jaMgama kahe che. Ama, bhavabhUtinI prakRti bhayaMkara ane kaThora che, ajagaronA zvAsa levAthI jaMgalamAM lAgI Aga, vananI sUnI sImAo, barADA pADatA rIMcho, mayuranA kekAravathI phaphaDI uThatA ane gabharAIne caMdananA vRkSane lapAyelA sarpo, araNyanI bhayaMkara vikaTa raudratAnuM nirUpaNa jANe kavie vartamAna saMdarbhamAM na karyuM hoya. jo ke bhavabhUtinA A vicArone svIkArAyA na hatA. tethI ja to tene kahevuM paDeluM, ye nAma ke cidiha naH prathayantyavajJAM jAnanti te kimapi tAnprati naiSayatnaH / utpatsyate'sti mama ko'pi samAnadharmA kAlo'hayayamanavardhivipulA ca pRthvI // kAraNa ke bhAratanI bhaugolika paristhitinAM saikAothI na badalAyelAM sauMdaryacitro to bhavabhUtie jhIlAMjaya che. paraMtu sAthe-sAthe prakRtinA kaThora ke bhayaMkara pAsAono paricaya paNa bhavabhUti e prauDhI dRSTithI jANe ke tene jagatane sAvaceta karyuM che ke, A prakRtine oLakho tenuM jJAna prApta karo ane rodra ke pralayakArI prabhAvathI baco, kAraNa ke mRdu prakRtinuM eka kaThora svarUpa paNa che je uttararAmacaritamAM daSTigata thayuM che. paryAvaraNavAdIonA zabdomAM kahIe to "pRthvI paranI paristhitividyAne tenA paryAvaraNanAM maLatA tamAma jaivika ane ajaivika ghaTakone jANavA jarUrI che, ane ApaNA AsapAsanA ajaivika ghaTakomAM prakAza, pANI, bhUmi, agni, havAnuM dabANa vagereno samAveza thAya che. jyAre jaivika ghaTako tarIke vanaspati, pazupakSIo ane prANIono samAveza thAya che.9 Ama kudaratI prakopa jevA ke vAvAjhoDuM, pUra, sunAmI, bhUkaMpa, vaDavAnala vagerenA pariprekSyamAM bhavabhUtie nirUpela bhayAvaha prakRtinuM jJAna manuSya jIvanamAM upakAraka thaze evo zraddhAbhAva vyakta karuM chuM. pAdaTIpa 1. dharNa yazasthAyuSya hitaM ddhivivardhanam | lokopadezajananaM nATyametad bhaviSyati // na tajjJAnaM na tacchilpaM na sA vidyA na sA kalA / sAmIpya: pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sahe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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nAso yogo na tatkarma yannATaye'sminnayana dRzyate // (nATyazAstra - sa. 1 115, 116) uttara gurAta yunivarsiTImevarSa 2005-2006 thI S.Y.B.A., B.Sc., B.Com, vagairebhA pryaavr| ane DIjhAsTara menejamenTano abhyAsa dAkhala karyo che. kathakRta saMskRta nATaka gujarAta vidyAsabhA, bhadra-amadAvAda, anu. narmadAzaMkara bI. purohita, pR. 270 4. zambUka: vADham / etAni khalu sarvabhUtaromaharSaNAyuvanmattacaNDazvApadakulasarkulagirigaharANi janasthAna paryanta dIrdhAraNyAni dakSiNAM dizamabhivartante / (uttara. aMka-3) iha samadazakuntAkAntAvAnIravIrutprasavasurabhizItasvacchatoyA vahanti / phalabharapariNAmazyAmajambUnikuJja skhalanamukharabhUristrotaso nirjhariNyaH // (uttara. 3-20) guJjatkuJjakuTIra kauzikaghaTAghUtkAravatkIcaka stambA'mbaramUkamaukulikula: krauJcAvato'yaM giriH / atasminpracalAkinAM pracalatAmudvejitA: kUjitai rudvellanti purANarohiNataruskandheSu kummInasA // (uttara. 3-29) // juo uttararAmacaritanA trIjA aMkano tamasAno saMvAda uttararAmacaritam , ma-, do-8 8. paryAvara ane Apatti vyavasthApana, 5. 7, DA. sI..mohI, svAmI zana, 12 > uttararAmacaritamAM nirUpita prakRtinuM raudrarUpa: vartamAna pariprekSyamAM For Private and Personal Use Only

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rudraTane abhimata kAvyaprayojana Do. jAgRti paMDyA kAvyazAstra e kAvyanA aMgarUpa ja hoI, kAvyanuM prayojana ane kAvyazAstranuM prayojana eka ja hovAnAM, ane e rIte zAstrAraMbhe anubandhacatunA nirdezane nimitte kAvyaprayojana viSayaka carcA paNa ghaNuMkharuM kAvyazAstramAM nirUpAya che. kAvyaprayojananA nirUpaNamAM AlaMkArikoe potapotAnI rIte vigato nirUpI che. temAM kyAMka mAtra kavigata prayojanonI noMdha levAI che to kyAMka kevaLa sahRdayagata ane kyAMka kavigata tathA sahRdayagata ema banne prakAre prayojanonuM nirUpaNa thayuM che. ahIM, kAvyaprayojana aMge rudraTanuM maMtavya zuM che, te jovAno prayAsa hAtha dharAyo che. rudraTa potAnA 'kAvyAlaMkAra'nA prathama adhyAyamAM ja kAvyaprayojananuM nirUpaNa karatAM noMdhe che ke, jvaladujjvalavAkprasaraH sarasaM kurvanmahAkaviH kAvyam / sphuTamAkalpamanalpaM pratanoti yazaH parasyApi // arthAtuM, camakatI ane ujjavaLa vANInA rasayukta prasaraNarUpa kAvyanI racanA karato mahAkavi potAno ane bIjAno paNa phuTa ane analpa kahetAM atizaya yaza kalpanA aMta sudhI phelAve che. ahIM rudraTa yaza eTale ke kIrtine ja kAvyaprayojana rUpe nirdeze che. alabatta, temAM garbhita rIte sUcavI dIdhuM che ke, je mahAkavi che ane jenuM kAvya vizeSa guNayukta che, te ja yazarUpI prayojana siddha karI zake che. TIkAkAra namisAdhu A kArikAnI samajUtI rUpe je noMdha Ape che te dvArA kavinA kAvyagata A vizeSatAo suspaSTa thAya che. tadanusAra, alaMkAranA yogane kAraNe dIpatI arthAtu camakatI, doSanA abhAva dvArA nirmaLa eTale ke ujjavaLa evI vANInA prasaraNarUpa kAvyaprabaMdha zuMgArAdirasathI yukta hoya te paNa jarUrI che, ane AvI racanA karanAra kavi ja mahAkavi kahevAya, je yugonA aMta sudhI Take tevA yazane pAme che. ahIM, bIjAno yaza paNa phelAve che, ema je kahyuM che, te dvArA kavinI kRtimAM varNavAyela nAyakano yaza samajavAno che. potAnA matanuM deDha rIte sthApana karatAM, rudraTa A aMge keTalIka vizeSa vigato paNa Ape che. te have joIe. devAlaya vagerenA nirmANathI nAyaka pote potAno yaza phelAvI zake che. te mATe kavi dvArA kAvyaracanAnI zI jarUra ? evI AzaMkAne dhyAnamAM rAkhI dvaTa AgaLa jaNAve che ke, rAjAo vagere dvArA banAvela devAlaya vagere to samaya jatAM naSTa thAya che ane tethI ja jo sukavio na hoya to te rAjAonAM nAma sudhdhAM bAkI na rahe. 3 kahevAnuM tAtparya eTaluM ja ke, rAjAoe karela puNyakAryone AdhAre kavio kAvyaracanA kare che ane te dvArA te rAjAone yazabhAgI banAve che. have kadAca prazna thAya ke, rAjAo yaza pAme te mATe kAvyaracanAmAM pravRtta thatA kavione zuM lAbha ? to teno uttara e che ke, sthira, zreSTha, atyaMta nirmaLa ane badhA ja lokone mATe ramaNIya evA jenA yazane je * eca. ke. ArTsa kaoNleja, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda sAmIpya: pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe., 2007 68 For Private and Personal Use Only

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phelAve che, te teno kayo upakAra nathI karato ? eTale ke, kavio kAvyaracanA vaDe rAjAonA yazane phelAve che ane te rIte teo te rAjAone upakRta kare che, ane jeo bIjAnA prati upakAranI bhAvanA dAkhave che, teo dharma tathA tejane pAme che ane AmAM mokSane pAmela vyaktio ja sAkSI banI zake." Ama, rAjAonA yazane vadhAranAra kavio temano upakAra karatA hovAthI eka rIte to dharmanuM ja AcaraNa kare che ane sAthe ja tejanI paNa vRddhi kare che. A rIte, paraMparayA dharma paNa kAvyanuM prayojana bane che. A pachI, dharma sivAyanA puruSArthone paNa kAvyaprayojanarUpe siddha karatAM rudraTa jaNAve che ke, suMdara devastuti racanAra kavi anarthanuM zamana karanAra artha, asAdhAraNa sukha athavA te je kaMI icche te badhuM ja prApta kare che. namisAdhu noMdhe che ke, asAdhAraNa sukha A lokamAM kAmanAthI utpanna thayela hoya che ane paralokamAM mokSathI janmeluM hoya che. kAvyaracanA dvArA kavi badhuM ja pAmI zake che e aMge udAharaNa ApatAM, rudraTa jaNAve che ke, jema dargAne namIne aniruddha Adie zatru vaDe prApta abhibhavarUpa vipattino nAza karyo, vIradeva vageree Arogya meLavyuM tathA zatrughna vagere abhISTa varadAna pAmyA. e ja rIte, kavio paNa devatAnI kRpAthI kAvyaracanA karIne yatheccha meLavavAne samartha bane che. have, kadAca koIne zaMkA jAge ke, pahelAM jema vikramAditya vagere rAjAo kavionuM bahumAna karatA hatA evuM AjanA rAjAonI bAbatamAM jovA maLatuM nathI, to pachI devatAo dvArA paNa kadAca phaLa na maLe to ? A AzaMkAne nirmaLa karatAM rudraTa jaNAve che ke, rAjAo bhale badalAyA. devatAo to tenA te ja hoya che tethI te devatAonI stuti dvArA kavio tarata ja lAbhAnvita thAya che. A rIte, kAvya dvArA kavi je kaMI cAhe te pAmI zake che. eTale ke, te saghaLuM kAvyanA prayojanarUpa banI zake. rudraTa noMdhe che ke, mahAna guNarUpI maNionA sAgara ane mahAna yazanA AzrayarUpa kAvyane saMpUrNa rIte koNa pAmI zake che ? arthAta, kAvyanuM saMpUrNa mUlyAMkana karavAne koNa samartha hoI zake ?10 namisAdhu noMdhe che ke, yato yathA sAgare maNInAmAnantyamevaM kAvye guNAnAmapi iti tAtparyam // Ama, kAvyanAM prayojano anaMta hoya che evuM druTa mAnatA jaNAya che, ane tethI ja teo jaNAve che ke, badhI ja jANavA yogya vigatone jANanAra ane samyapha rIte puruSArthane siddha karanAra kuzaLa janoe suMdara kAvyanI racanA karavI joIe.12 A dvArA spaSTa thAya che ke, jemaNe saghaLA zeya padArthone jANyA nathI ane jeo kuzaLa nathI, teo nirmala, sarasa ne sa-phala kAvya racI na zake. ahIM vaLI zaMkA thAya che, jANavAlAyaka vigatone jANavA mAtrathI ja zuM puruSArthanI siddhi na thaI jAya ? ane to pachI, kAvyaracanA karavAnuM koI prayojana kharuM? paraMtu AvI zaMkA karavI yogya nathI, kema ke, vyAkaraNa tathA nyAyanA zAstragraMtho dvArA vANI susaMskRta bane che ane te vANI sarasa kAvyarUpI phaLa ApanArI che. te ja vidvAno mATe paNa phaLarUpa che. 13 draTane abhimata kAvyaprayojana For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaLI, AgaLa upara punaH kAvyaprayojanane nirdezatAM rudraTa jaNAve che ke, vistRta rIte phelAto, moTA mahimAvALo, himadhavala, badhAMne kamanIya jaNAto, kalpanA aMta sudhI Takato yaza mahAkavi kAvyamAMthI pAme che. AnA anusaMdhAnamAM teo eka zloka TAMkatAM vadhumAM jaNAve che ke, maMdira vagere dvArA anazvara kIrti maLatI nathI, kema ke, te khUba ja saMpuSTa hovA chatAM, maMdira vagereno nAza thatAM, nAza pAme che tethI jagatamAM vyApelA vyAsa vagerenA parama yazane nihALIne ekAgracitte nirmaLa kAvyanI racanAne viSe pravRtta thavuM joIe.15 namisAdhu noMdhe che ke, tawt sthitatat : vyaRUva para yaza maghatIti ane samarthanamAM umere che ke, 'yataH kSaNadhvaMsini saMbhave'sminkAvyAdRte'nyat kSayameti sarvam / ato mahadbhiryazase sthirAya pravatita: kAvyakathAprasaGgaH / A rIte, kavine pakSe rudraTa kevaLa yazane ja kAvyaprayojanarUpa mAnatA jaNAya che. kAvya dvArA paraMparA dharma, mokSa ke icchita mAtranI siddhine paNa svIkAratA hovA chatAM, samagra carcAne aMte, kAvyaprayojanarUpa yaza aMge pharIthI paNa noMdha lIdhI che te dvArA spaSTa thAya che ke, yaze to kAvya thakI ja prApta thAya, anyathA nahIM ane te yazanI prApti arthe kAvyane vize avazya pravRtta thavuM ghaTe. "kAvyAlaMkAra'nA prathama adhyAyamAM A rIte rudraTe kavinI dRSTie ja kAvyaprayojana aMge carcA karI che. paraMtu tyAra bAda bAramA adhyAyamAM temaNe zrotAnI dRSTie paNa kAvyaprayojanonuM nirUpaNa karyuM che. teo noMdhe che ke, nanu kAvyena kriyate sarasAnAmavagamazcatarvarge / laghu mRdu ca nIrase'bhyaste hi trasyanti zAstrebhyaH // 7 arthAta, kAvya vaDe rasikone caturvarganuM jJAna komaLatAthI ane saraLa rIte prApta thAya che. bAkI, nIrasa evA zAstrathI to teo trAsa pAme che. Ama, dharma, artha, kAma ane mokSarUpa puruSArtha-catuSTayanI prApti saraLatAthI ane sahaja rIte rasikone thaI zake te mATe kAvya jarUrI che, kema ke, rasika evA sahRdayo to nIrasa evA zAstrathI DaratA hoya che ane tethI temane to caturvarganI prApti kAvya ja karAvI zake. AthI ja rudraTa jaNAve che ke, kAvyanI racanA rasasabhara hovI joIe, kema ke, jo kAvyaracanA rasayukta nahIM hoya to to te paNa zAstranI jema ja nIrasa banI raheze. mATe ja, kavie khUba prayatnapUrvaka kAvyamAM rasanuM ucita nirUpaNa karavuM joIe evo Agraha rudraTa rAkhe che ane A rIte zrotAgata kAvyaprayojananI siddhinA anusaMdhAnamAM ja teo rasanirUpaNa kare che. A rIte, kavinI daSTie mukhyatve yazanI prApti tathA paraMparA dharmAdicatuSTayanI prApti ane sahRdayanI daSTie caturvarganI sahaja ne saraLatayA prApti e draTanI dRSTie kAvyanAM prayojano che. temaNe ApelI A vigato jo ke, navI nathI. temanI pUrve AcArya bhAmahe 8 A prayojanono nirdeza karyo ja che. tema chatAM, stUTe je rIte samagra carcA mUkI ApI che, te temanI AgavI che. emAMya, kAvya dvArA kavine abhimata sakala padArthanI siddhi thavAnI zakyatAno nirdeza e temanuM ja pradAna che. vaLI, sahRdayagata prayojananA saMdarbhamAM rasatattvane rajU karI, je rIte tenuM mahattva svIkAryuM che, te dRSTikoNa paNa temano potAno che ane te atyaMta mahattvano che. 0 sAmIpyaH pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ny pAdaTIpa 1. vyA2' (rudraTa)-(saMpA.paMDita [prasAi bhane vAsuheva sbhe| zAstrI 59zI42, .sa. niyasAgara presa, muMbaI, I.sa. 1828)- 1.4, pR. 3 mena, 1.4 752nI 2151, pR. 3 jvalandedIpyamAno'laGkArayogAt, ujjvalo nirmalo doSAbhAvAt, vAcAM girAM prasaraH prabandho yasya sa jvaladujjvalavAkprasaraH / sarasaM sazRGgArAdikam, kurvan racayana, kAvyaM kaveH karma, yata evaivaMgaNastata eva mahAkaviyRhatkAvyakartA.... / 3. mena, 1.5, pR. 3 tatkAritasurasadanaprabhRtini naSTe tathAhi kAlena / na bhavennAmApi tato yadi na syuH sukavayo rAjJAm // melana, 1.6, pR. 4 itthaM sthAsnu garIyo vimalamalaM sakalalokakamanIyam / yo yasya yazastanute tena kathaM tasya nopakRtam / / 5. sena, 1.7, pR. 4 - anyopakArakaraNaM dharmAya mahIyase ca bhavatIti / adhigataparamArthAnAmavivAdo vAdinAmatra / / melana, 1.8, pR. 4 arthamanarthopazamaM zamasamamathavA mataM yadevAsya / viracitarucirasurastutirakhilaM labhate tadeva kaviH // me04, 1.8752nI 21st, 5. 4 .... zaM sukham, asamamasAdhAraNam / iha loke kAmajaM paratra tu pAramparyeNa mokSajam / mena, 1.8 tathA ten| 752nI 2ii, 5. 4 - nutvA tathAhi durgA kecittIrNA duruttarAM vipadam / apare rogavimuktaM varamanye lebhire'bhimatam // .... tathAhi kecidaniruddhAdayaH zatruvazyAdikAM vipadaM tIrNAH / kecidvIradevAdayo nIrujatvaM prApuH / apare zatrughnaprabhRtayo'bhimataM varaM labdhavantaH / me4, 1.10, pR. 4 AsAdyate sma sadyaH stutibhiryebhyo'bhivAJchitaM kavibhiH / adyApi ta eva surA yadi nAma narAdhipA anye / / 10. mena, 1.11, pR. 5 kiyadathavA vacmi yato guruguNamaNisAgarasya kAvyasya / kaH khalu nikhilaM kalayatyalamalaghuyazonidAnasya / / 11. me4na, 1.11 752, 5. 5 rudraTane abhimata kAvyaprayojana For Private and Personal Use Only

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12. mena, 1.12, 5. 5 taditi puruSArthasiddhi sAdhuvidhAsyadbhiravikalAM kuzalaiH / adhigatasakalajJeyaiH kartavyaM kAvyamamalamalam // 13. me4na, 1.13, pR. 5 phalamidameva hi viduSAM zucipadavAkyapramANazAstrebhyaH / yatsaMskAro vAcAM vAcazca sucArukAvyaphalAH / / 14. mena, 1.21, pR. 7 sphArasphuradurumahimA himadhavalaM sakalalokakamanIyam / kalpAntasthAyi yaza: prApnoti mahAkavi: kAvyAt // 15. sena, 1.22, pR. 8 amarasadanAdibhyo bhUtA na kIrtiranazvarI bhavati yadasau saMvRddhApi praNazyati tatkSaye / tadalamamalaM kartuM kAvyaM yateta samAhito jagati sakale vyAsAdInAM vilokya paraM yazaH / / 16. sena, 1.22 52nI 21st; pR. 8 17. me4na, 12.1, pR. 148 18. 'vyAsaM 2' (mAmaDa) - (saMpA. hevendranAtha zamA, pra. bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSada, paTanA, 1862) 1.2, pR. 1 dharmArthakAmamokSeSu vaicakSaNyaM kalAsu ca / prItiM karoti kIrtiM ca sAdhukAvyanibandhanam // 72 sAmIpya : pu. 24, maMtra 1-2, aprila - sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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akhAnA sUphIvAdI siddhAMta ane sUphI sAdhanAmArga prA. DaoN. Ara. TI. sAvaliyA* akho 17 mA saikAno eka mahAna saMta, kavi ane sudhAraka hato. teNe hiMdu dharmanA advaitavAdanI asaro jhIlI. hovA uparAMta teNe sUphIvAdanI anubhUti paNa karI hatI. A dRSTie akho mughala yugano eka virala gujarAtI hato. prastuta lekhamAM A samagra ghaTanA aMge varNana ane vizleSaNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. akhAno janma I.sa.1615 nA arasAmAM amadAvAda najIka AvelA jetalapuramAM sonI jJAtimAM thayo hato. te vakhate aneka paradezIo amadAvAda AvI vasatA hatA. dhaMdhA rojagAranI khyAti sAMbhaLI akhAnA pitA rahiyo kuTuMbasaha amadAvAda AvI khADiyAmAM AvelI desAI poLamAM, kUvAvALA khAMcAmAM AvelA eka nAnA makAnamAM rahevA lAgyA. Aje 21 mI sadImAM paNa ApaNA saddanasIbe A prAcIna makAna hayAta che, jenuM gaurava laI zakAya. vIsa varasanI uMmare akhAnA pitA mRtyu pAmyA ane mAtA to bALapaNamAM ja mRtyu pAmelA. thoDA samaya bAda akhAnI nAnI bahena ane patnI paNa maraNa pAmyA. akhAjI ekalA thaI gayA. temaNe pharI lagna karyA. te patnI paNa thoDA samaya pachI mRtyu pAmI. Ama, svajanonA gujarI jatA emanA ddhayamAM vairAgyano janma thayo hato. vizeSamAM paDozamAM rahetI eka strIne akhAe dharmanI bahena mAnI hatI. avizvAsathI A strIe akhAe banAvI ApelI sonAnI kaMThIno kasa kaDhAvI joyo. akho samajI gayo ke bahenane vizvAsa na AvavAthI kaMThIno kasa kaDhAvyo che. A ja samaya daramiyAna amadAvAdamAM jahAMgIra bAdazAhe Aje jyAM svAmInArAyaNanA maMdira che tenI pAse TaMkazALa sthApI hatI ane akhAnI khyAti sAMbhaLI temane TaMkazALanA uparI nImyA hatA. ahIM lIlApaNAno teo bhoga banyA ane baMdIkhAne gayA ane nirdoSa chUTyA. uparanA be prasaMgone laIne emane saMsAra ane saMsArIjano uparathI vizvAsa UThI gayo. potAnA hathiyAra kUvAmAM pheMkI daIne, mAla milakata vecI daIne akho saddagurUnI zodhamAM amadAvAda choDI cAlI nIkaLyA. gokuLa-mathurA pahoMcI zrI vallabha-saMpradAyanI, vallabhAcAryajInA cothA | pautra zrI gokulanAthajI pAse vaiSNavI dIkSA lIdhI. paraMtu temanA mananuM samAdhAna thayuM nahi. teo kAzIpurI gayA. kAzInA maNikarNikAghATa upara vedAntI svAmI zrI brahmAnaMdane guru banAvyA. akhAe potAnI vANImAM guruno mahimA khUba bhaktibhAvathI gAyo che. sadagurU sevA Atama lakSya, akhA bhagatano evo pakSa" akhAno samaya I.sa. 1615 pachIno gaNAya che. itihAsanI paraMparA pramANe akho jahAMgIra, zAhajahAM ane saMbhavataH auraMgajhebanA rAjyamAM paNa I.sa.1674 sudhI vidyamAna hato. akhAno samaya samAja, rAjaya ane dharmanA itihAsanI dRSTie bahu ja asthira vicArasaraNIvALo hato. kAraNa ke, aspRzyatA, nAta-jAtanAM baMdhano ane vahemo khUba ja pracalita hatA. dharmanA kSetramAM zUnyavAda, ajJeyavAda, mUrtipUjA ane zRMgArI vaiSNavAda UMcI aTArIe birAjatA hatA. rAjakIya dRSTie bhArata muslima bAdazAhanA Adhipatya nIce hatuM. A samayamAM pravartatI aMdhAdhUMdhInA sUcano akhAnI vANImAM maLe che. akhAnA kAvyamAM samakAlIna gujarAtanA jIvananuM diggadarzana che. * variSTha adhyApaka, bho.je. vidyAbhavana, eca. ke. kaoNleja kempasa, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-9 akhAnA sUphIvAdI siddhAMta ane sUphI sAdhanAmArga For Private and Personal Use Only

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akhAnA kAvyo be uddezathI prerAIne racAyelAM che. (1) samAjanI vicitra mAnyatAo ane rUDhio temaja aneka dhArmika saDAo; akho potAnI tIkhI ane sacoTa vANIthI dUra karavA mAMge che. (2) badhA saMpradAyomAM bhinna bhinna mata pravartatA hovAthI svAnubhavasiddha vedAntano aMtima sidhdhAMta ajAtavAdanuM sAMgopAMga pratipAdana karI dharmamAM peThelo saDo dUra karavAnI emanI dilItamannA hatI. 15mA-16mAM saikAmAM bhakti saMpradAyano khUba pracAra thaI rahyo hato. ane A ja samaye gujarAtamAM temaja samagra bhAratamAM svataMtra vicArako udabhavyA hatA. kabIra, nAnaka, jJAnadeva, vallabhAcArya, tukArAma ane rAmadAsanAM udAharaNa noMdhapAtra che. eka svataMtra vicAraka tarIke akho jJAna ane bhaktino samanvaya sAdhanArI dRSTinA himAyatI. che. akho, narahari, gopALadAsa, bUTiyo vagerene ApaNe jJAnamArgI kahIe chIe te aupacArika arthamAM ja. svarUpajJAna e emanI sAdhanAnA kendra sthAne raheluM che, ane muktinuM e preraka sAdhana che. narahari, akho vagerenI kRtionuM maMDANa kevalAdvaitanA siddhAMta para thayuM che e paNa spaSTa che. chatAM A jJAnamArgI paraMparA yoga, taMtra, bauddha, mahAyAna tathA sahajayAna zAkhA, siddha saMpradAya, nAtha saMpradAya, vaiSNava sahajiyA saMpradAya, jaina muni rAmasiMha vagerenI sAdhanA-praNAlI, sUphI sAdhanA vagerenI asara nIce AvI che te ApaNA jJAnamArgI kavionI kRtinA abhyAsathI spaSTa jaNAI Ave che. vaLI, A kavio ekAntika jJAnamArgane anusare che evuM paNa nathI. 'cittavicArasaMvAdamAM akho kahe che tema, emAM bhaktino svIkAra che kharo, paNa e bhaktine 81 prakAranI sakAma bhakti nahIM, e nirAzI phaLanI 82mI nirguNa bhakti kahe che: ekAzI sudhI te lakhI, te te kahI kazI pArakI. nirAzI bhakti je koI kare, tenuM seje kAraja sare. A paraMparAmAM vastutaH jJAnaniSTha bhaktino svIkAra che. akhAe A vastune enA chappAnA daMbha-bhaktiaMgamAM A rIte spaSTa kahI che : jJAna vinA bhakti nava thAya, jayama cakSuhINo jayAM tyAM athaDAya. jJAnanI saraLa vyAkhyA ApatAM akho kahe che : paNa jJAna to che Atama sUjha, akhA anubhava hoya to bUjha akhAe zuSka jJAnanI AkarI TIkA karI cheH eka sUkuM jJAna kaye dAmaNA, te hariphaLa pAmelA vAmaNA sUkuM jJAna ne baMDaLa mUcha, karamI dhana kUtaranuM pUcha. Akhare to e aparokSAnubhUtiono viSaya che. pustakiyA jJAnane ahIM sthAna nathI. A paraMparAnA lagabhaga badhAM ja sAdhakoe emanI kRtimAM pharI pharI anubhava para bhAra mUkayo che. A sAdhanA praNAlInA sAdhako mATe "anubhaviyAM', "anubhava sAcapathI", "anubhavArthI" jevA zabda paNa prayojAyA che. baMgALanA bAulo' sAdhakonA traNa prakAranI vAta kare che : karamiyA, dharamiyA ane maramiyA. je karmakAMDa AcAra vagerene prAdhAnya Ape te karamiyA, je dharmanA saMpradAyone anusare te dharamiyA, paNa aparokSAnubhUtithI marmane pAmanAra te maramiyA. A arthamAM A paraMparAnA kavione "marmI' (Mystic) paNa kahI zakIe. akho sAcA arthamAM vedAntI hovAthI Subject (mArAmAM) advaitavAdamAM sarva pradhAna ja che tethI bhedabhAvane koI avakAza ja nathI. AvA kAraNosara akho mUrtipUjAno virodhI hato. vAstavamAM mUrtine ghaDanAra to manuSya 74 sAmIpyaH pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #78
ja che, paNa AzcaryanI vAta e che ke te ja manuSya pote ghaDelI mUrti pAse jAtajAtanI mAMgaNIo kare che. akho evA mANasone aMdha kahe che : sajIvAe najIvAne ghaDayo, sajIvo kahe che tuM mane kAMka de; A akho bhagata ema pUche ke, tArI eka phUTI che ke be ? akhAnA A ajAta-anubhavanuM-sUphIvAdanA 'marma' (Mystisum)nuM upara darzAvelA jhUlaNA, hindI bhajano, sAkhIo, saMtapriyA, jakaDI,ItyAdi graMthomAM darzana thAya che. akhAnA sUphIvAdI siddhAMto : akhAnA siddhAMta (View of Life)no marma emanA sUphIvAdI sAhitya- akSayavANI (jhUlaNA), akhevANI, akhAnI sAkhIomAM maLe che. paramAtmA-parabrahma vize teo kahe che keH anAdi-anaMta paramatattva dUra nathI-badhe che, badhAmAM che, paNa ajJAnIne te dUra che ane jJAnIne te hAjarAhAjUra che. paramAtmA koI parmenazIna bAnU nathI ke ene pharajiyAta ojhalamAM rahevuM paDe. ApaNI AMkhonI ADe ApaNe jAte ghAMcInA baLadanI peThe ajJAnathI 'huM' paNAnA dAbaDA bAMdhyA che. tene A manuSya janmamAM vairAgya ane abhyAsanA 5ramapuruSArtha vaDe ApaNe jAte ja choDIne pheMkI devA joIe. aMtaraSTithI jotAM paramAtmAnI jhAMkhI potAnI aMdara ja thAya che. "ajaba kalA koI jANa jAne ! gAphilakI vahAM gama nAMhi ! dUra jAte tise dUra hai re ! akhA jhobAjhoba (sAkSAt) AMhi" sarvAtIta paramAtmAnI jhAMkhI bahu bhaNavAthI ke paMDitAIthI thatI nathI. AtmAnubhavamAM to abhaNa ke bhaNelAno koI bheda nathI. A rastAmAM to potAnuM 'ahaM' sanamane soMpI samajIne cUpa thaI javAnuM hoya che. sUphIIzkamAM to parAtpara parabrahma ja sArasarvasva che ane jIvanane paramAtmAbhimukha karavAnuM che, jIvAtmAe potAnA mULa tarapha pAchA pharavAnuM che. A mArga behadano che. ajJAtamAM chalAMga mAravAno che. akho kahe che : "arzakI asala je hI akhA kadi na Ave bahuta paDhe' * * * * Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir najhara kare, so nihAla hove, dilake dIkai jaba dekhe paDhA ho ke apaDha akhA 'Apa' Tala jANA rekharekhe akhAnA sUphIvAdI siddhAMta ane sUphI sAdhanAmArga so, akhA vahAM hai aisA, Akila (buddhimAna), apaDha so eka thAne. ahIM te zAstronI hadanI ja vAta kare che, paNa sUphI saMtono anubhava behadano hoya che. tethI A vAta mAtra anubhavIo (Mystics) ja samajI zake ema che. kAraNa ke mAtra temanI pAse ja Atama sUjha hoya che. akho A ja vicArane vadhAre spaSTa kare che. teo kahe che ke bahu bhaNavAthI paMDitAIthI to khoTo boja vadhe che, jyAre AtmAnubhava mATe to 'ahaM'no vilaya karIne halakA thavAnuM hoya cheH kurAna purAna kahe mApa meM kI, amApa akhA bhedu jalahe. * * * * * ko kahe moTo zivadeva, ko kahe viSNu moTo avazyameva, ko kahe AdyabhavAnI sadA, budha kalkinA kare vAyadA; jaina karmanI sadA de zIkha, yavana mAne kurAne zarIpha, akhA sau bAMdhe bAkI (mamatabharyuM vera) ko na jue hire pAcho pharI. For Private and Personal Use Only 75

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jIvAtmA ane paramAtmAno saMbaMdha darzAvatA akho kahe che ke jIvAtmA ane paramAtmA vacce eka kAgaLanI kApalI mukavA jeTaluM paNa aMtara nathI paNa mithyA 'huM paNuM vacamAM paDavAthI banne vacce aMtara lAge cheH nara narahari bica nahI, akhA ! eka kAgadavAkI oTa; paNa huM mAninatA bica paDI, so mithyA vajakA koTa paramAtmA ja badhAye astitvanuM sAcuM tattva che. paramAtmA ja sarvamAM, sarvatra sarvadA birAje che. jIvana "huM paNuM kevaLa mithyA che. A vAta samajAvatA akho kahe che ke, jyAre AvuM sAcuM jJAna thAya che tyAre "huM" paNuM phanA thaI jAya che ane mananI bhramaNA dUra thaI jAya che. binA yAra koI zat (padArtha) nahIM kIsa para kare julama, phoma huvA (bodha thayo) phana huvA, bhAgI manakI gama paramAtmA alaga jevo lAgavA chatAM sadAye alaga ja che. pANI upara parapoTo thAya ane parapoTo potAne pANIthI alaga mAne che e enuM ajJAna che. vastutaH parapoTAnuM tattva pANI ja che. jema jhADane potAnA mULanuM bhAna hotuM nathI tema ajJAnIne paramAtmA dUra bhAse che. A to najarano kImiyo che. A vAta samajAvatAM akho kahe cheH dehadarzI mAnata akhA ! auTha hAtha dehamALa, taruvara jayuM jAnata nahIM, mere mULa pAtALa Ariphako (brahmajJAnI) to Apo Apa sAMIyA, gAphilako gaira juvA juvA jIva Izvara ane jagatanI tripuTI mAtra vyakta madhya (Middle Apparent) che. Adine aMta nathI, ane tethI tattvajJAnanI dRSTie te nahivat che-kalpanA mAtra ja che. -mananuM uTaMga che. avvala AkhAra Apa bharyA, to bIcameM dUjA ko kahIe ? kheMcatANI choDa kara, akhA ! yu samaja rahIe. paramAtmAnuM ATaluM varNana karIne akho potAnA jhUlaNAmAM jIvanuM svarUpa jaNAve che. vastutaH jIva brahma che, mithyA "huM" paNuM dhAraNa karavAthI jANe ke te pUrNabrahmathI alaga paDI jAya che. ane alaga paDatA mana ane mananuM uTaMga UbhuM thAya che. Ama jIva bhavabhramaNAmAM bhaTake che. svasvarUpanA ajJAnathI "AvaraNa' UbhuM thAya che, ane AvaraNathI mAyA dRSTi-bhedabhAva utpanna thAya che, ane bhedabhAvathI jIva janma-maraNanA cakramAM paDI jAya che. A vAta samajAvatAM akho kahe che : alahapta kahate meM Apa huA, taba mana khudIkI jaDa jaDI, jAhira huA taba jAta khoI, auna ena mastI vahAM ja rahI. Ita ore so jIva hai, uta ora sve soya, ita uta kaheNA rahe gayA, akhA ! kyuM kA huM joya. * * * * * vahama kadama tujhIkA, mItA! Aye Apa bhUlAvA ! tU hI tuM rahyA bharapUrA ! nAhIM pUjA dara dAvA sAmIpya: pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #80
Ama akho jIvanuM sAcuM svarUpa samajAvIne eka anaMtAdvaita (Infinite Oneness)nA siddhAMtanI sthApanA kare che. A siddhAMta kaivalAdvaita siddhAMtathI bhinna che. ema uparanA vivecanathI spaSTa pratIta thAya che. akho mAyA jevA satasatathI vilakSaNa astitva dharAvatA koI tattvano svIkAra karato nathI. emanA mate mAyA te ajA cheasat che-zUnyavat che-kalpanA mAtra che. mAyA nAmanuM astitva dharAvatuM koI (Positive) tattva nathI. mAyA to chAyA jevI che. akho kahe che : nava dIse tene satya jANa, dIse tene nAsta pramANa. jagatanuM svarUpa darzAvatAM akho kahe che ke, jagata vastutA e brahmasvarUpa che ane nAmarUpanI dRSTie jotAM jagata avastu-mRgajaLavatu che.-nahivatu che. kema ke vastutA e jagata che ja nahi. badhuMye brahma che. akho gati drava eka kahe che. brahma ane jagatano saMbaMdha pANI ane barapha jevo che. jalataraMgavata che. akhA Alama AtmA, nAma dharanAka hoya; barapha ja mAyA baMdhakA, tAhe pAlA kaho koya toya duniyA laherI brahma kI, utpatti sthiti laya brahma; akhA ! dhUvA saba vastukA, tahAM koNa kartA koNa karma ? jAtA AtA nahI kachu, te jANapaNe kA jAla akhA! jIva karoLiyA, ulajhata apanI lALa jema che temanuM tema, akhA thayuM gayuM kAMI nathI, Ape Apa AnaMdadhana, svasvarUpa joyuM nathI. Ama tattvadaSTie vicAratA vastumAM-brahmamAM jagata mRgajaLavatu che- A Mirage in Reality. akho ajAtavAdI che-brahmavAdI che. te jagatane brahmasvarUpa kahe che. teo kahe cheH = vipi gatima arthAtu kazuM ja pedA thatuM nathI, sRSTi che ja nahi. sUphI sAdhanA mArga :- (Way of Life) | gujarAtI jJAnamArgI kavio paikI akho ane nirAta bhagata sIdhA sUphI asara nIce hoya ema lAge che. akhAe 'jhUlaNA'mAM vedAnta ane sUphI IzkInI ekavAkyatA batAvavAno ja prayatna karyo che. e kRti urdU, hiMdI, paMjAbI ema mizra bhASAmAM racAI che, paNa sUphI sAdhanAnA pAribhASika zabdo-arza,aina, naina, haka, zarIata, hakIkata, murzida, napheja, kutuba, vAjaba, vahadata, mukAma, alahazI, dIna, rAphAta, Aripha , phanA, geba, Izka, mAzUka, khAlipha, tAlIba, AraphAna, jalavA, saphAta, valla, nUra vagere Ave che. "akhA, ena jAnesu "gena' nAve, bina bUjhayA bahuta mare. uparAMta akhAnI "jakaDI'mAM paNa sUphI sAdhanAdhArAnI spaSTa asara dekhAya che. sAdhanAnA mukhya be prakAra kahI zakAya: eka zAstra-saMmata sAdhanA ne bIjI saMtasaMmata ke aparokSAnubhUtisaMmata sAdhanA. zAstrasaMmata sAdhanAmAM, bAhyAcArane vadhAre mahattva maLatuM jovAmAM Ave che. Ane kAraNe ghaNI siddhAMtajaDatA tathA rUDhicustatA paNa emAM dekhAya che. sAmpradAyika jaTAjALano paNa emAM pAra raheto nathI. e jayAre kSayiSNu avasthAne pAme che tyAre jaDa AcAranA kalevara nIce mAnavamananI prAkRta vRttio poSAtI jAya che. akhAnA sUphIvAdI siddhAMta ane sUphI sAdhanAmArga For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #81
Ama akho jIvanuM sAcuM svarUpa samajAvIne eka anaMtAdvaita (Infinite Oneness)nA siddhAMtanI sthApanA kare che. A siddhAMta kaivalAdvaita siddhAMtathI bhinna che. ema uparanA vivecanathI spaSTa pratIta thAya che. akho mAyA jevA sataasatathI vilakSaNa astitva dharAvatA koI tattvano svIkAra karato nathI. emanA mate mAyA te ajA cheasatuM che-zUnyavat che-kalpanA mAtra che. mAyA nAmanuM astitva dharAvatuM koI (Positive) tattva nathI. mAyA to chAyA jevI che. akho kahe che : nava dIse tene satya jANa, dIse tene nAsta pramANa. jagatanuM svarUpa darzAvatAM akho kahe che ke, jagata vastutA e brahmasvarUpa che ane nAmarUpanI dRSTie jotAM jagata avastu-mRgajaLavat che.-nahivata che. kema ke vastutA e jagata che ja nahi. badhuMye brahma che. akho gati vIra eka kahe che. brahma ane jagatano saMbaMdha pANI ane barapha jevo che. jalataraMgavat che. akhA Alama AtmA, nAma dhanaku hoya; barapha ja mAyA baMdhakA, tAhe pAlA kaho koya toya duniyA laherI brahma kI, utpatti sthiti laya brahma; akhA ! dhUvA saba vastukA, tahAM koNa kartA koNa karma ? jAtA AtA nahI kachu, te jANapaNe kA jAla akhA! jIva karoLiyA, ulajhata apanI lALa * * * * * jema che temanuM tema, akhA thayuM gayuM kAMI nathI, Ape Apa AnaMdadhana, svasvarUpa joyuM nathI. Ama tattvadRSTie vicAratA vastumAM-brahmamAM jagata mRgajaLavat che- A Mirage in Reality. akho ajAtavAdI che-brahmavAdI che. te jagatane brahmasvarUpa kahe che. teo kahe cheH ne vikrama natama arthAta kazuM ja pedA thatuM nathI, sRSTi che ja nahi. sUphI sAdhanA mArga :- (Way of Life) | gujarAtI jJAnamArgI kavio paikI akho ane nirAta bhagata sIdhA sUphI asara nIce hoya ema lAge che. akhAe 'jhUlaNA'mAM vedAnta ane sUphI IcchInI ekavAkyatA batAvavAno ja prayatna karyo che. e kRti urdU, hiMdI, paMjAbI ema mizra bhASAmAM racAI che, paNa sUphI sAdhanAnA pAribhASika zabdo-arza, aina, gana, haka, zarIata, hakIkata, murzida, nakuMja, kutuba, vAjaba, vahadata, mukAma, alahazI, dIna, rAphAta, AriNa, phanA, geba, Izka, mAzUka, khAlipha, tAlIba, AraphAna, jalavA, saphAta, valla, nUra vagere Ave che. | 'akhA, ena jAnesu "gena' nAve, bina bUjhayA bahuta mare. uparAMta akhAnI "jakaDI'mAM paNa sUphI sAdhanAdhArAnI spaSTa asara dekhAya che. sAdhanAnA mukhya be prakAra kahI zakAya. eka zAstra-saMmata sAdhanA ne bIjI saMtasaMmata ke aparokSAnubhUtisaMmata sAdhanA, zAstrasaMmata sAdhanAmAM, bAhyAcArane vadhAre mahattva maLatuM jovAmAM Ave che. Ane kAraNe ghaNI siddhAMtajaDatA tathA rUDhicustatA paNa emAM dekhAya che. sAmpradAyika jaTAjALano paNa emAM pAra raheto nathI. e jayAre kSayiSNu avasthAne pAme che tyAre jaDa AcAranA kalevara nIce mAnavamananI prAkRta vRttio poSAtI jAya che. akhAnA sUphIvAdI siddhAMta ane sUphI sAdhanAmArga 77 For Private and Personal Use Only

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AthI UlaTuM saMtasaMmata sAdhanAmAM AcAradharma karatAM mAnavadharmane vadhu mahattva ApavAmAM Ave che. bAhyAcAranI emA niMdA karavAmAM Ave che. aparokSAnubhUti vinAnA zuSka zAstrajJAnane emAM kazuM mahattva nathI. mAnava mAnava vaccenA bhedane emAM mAnya rAkhavAmAM AvyA nathI. saMto paikInA ghaNA kharA nirakSara ke nIcI gaNAtI jAtinA jovAmAM Ave che. AthI jaDa banI gayelI varNa-vyavasthAne A mArganA kavioe haMmezA paDakArI che. sahaja ane saraLa sAdhanAne ja emaNe sadA AvakArI che. akhAnuM e ja matalabanuM kathana H have mAre saghaLe sukharAsa, e sukha mAraga melIne saTha, kAyakleza kare kAM haTha. emAM dehane avagaNyo nathI, ethI UlaTuM sAdhanAmAM enuM ucita gaurava karavAmAM AvyuM che. saMpradAya ke paMthanI aTapaTI jaTAjALano emAM haMmezA virodha karavAmAM Avyo che. A sAdhanAmArga Ama sahaja ne saraLa chatAM marajIviyAne mATeno ja che evuM pharI pharI kahevAyuM che. A paraMparAnA sAdhakoe vANIthI atIta evA svasaMvedya anubhavanA tattvane avaLavANI (Language of Paradox) dvArA vyakta karavAno prayatna karyo che. sAdhanAnA aMga tarIke emAM yoganI prakriyAno svIkAra karavAmAM Avyo che, chatAM e yoganI siddhinA pralobhanamAM aMtima lakSya na cUkI javAya tenI pharI pharIne cetavaNI ApavAmAM AvI che. akho kahe che ke : Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir unmata manane yoga sAdhavo, je karmaodha kare nahi, yama chUTI dhenu mAratI phare, tene aMdhAre bAMdhye Teva na vIsare, akhA te jANe karyo upAya, tyAM siddhi rUpiNI lAgI bagAI. emAM niraMjana nirguNa evA paramatattva sAthe abhedAnubhUti siddha karavAne mATenI sAdhanA para sadA bhAra mUkavAmAM Avyo che. tema chatAM saguNanI upAsanAno ke bhaktino Atyantika niSedha paNa nathI. brahmamAM bhaLI javAnI sAdhanA hovAM chatAM e apa2okSAnubhUti-gocara hovAne kAraNe rasodrekano paNa A sAdhanApraNAlInA sAhityamAM abhAva dekhAto nathI. ghaNA kavio ane saMtoe emanI abhedAnubhUtine ApaNAmAM paNa kRtArthatAnA romAMca khaDA karI de evI kAvyamaya bAnImAM gAI che. A sAdhanApraNAlInAM ATalAM mukhya lakSaNo kahI zakAya. have A badhAM lakSaNo kALakrame kevI rIte vikasatAM AvyAM, emAM navAM tattvo bhaLatAM kevAM rUpAMtaro thatAM AvyAM te vigate tapAsIe. 78 bRhat tattva sAthenA anusaMdhAna mATenI adamya icchA AdikALathI mAnava anubhavato Avyo che. e tattvane eNe jude jude rUpe varNavyuM che. baMgALanA bAulo potAnI sAdhanA praNAlIne 'anAdisAdhanA' tarIke oLakhAve che. ne e vedathI paNa jUnI che ema kahe che. 'amArI bhAvavadhArA ja sahaja ane akRtrima che. ethI sanAtana bIjuM kazuM nathI. emAM bAhya pUjA arcanAnI pachI jarUra rahe nahIM. mUrti, pratimA, devAlaya, zAstravidhi vagere kRtrimatAnA dAsatvano aMta Ave." "bahAranA vedane vidAya karyA pachI ja aMtarano veda ubhAsita thaI UThe. je A antaravedane mAne tene pachI koI zAstranuM prayojana rahe nahI. pUjA, rojA, niyama, namAja badhuM bhUMsAI jAya. jAti, varNa vagerenI bheda-buddhino aMta Ave enuM ja nAma kAyAgata sahajaveda." emanI A sAdhanAne ApaNe vedathI paNa jUnI ke anAdi bhale na lekhIe, mAnavanI A bRhat tattva sAthenI anusaMdhitsA to sanAtana che, ne upalabdha jUnAmAM jUnA sAhityamAMthI eno aNasAro ApaNane maLI ja rahe che. akhAnA sAhityamAM sUphI sAdhanA mArganA aneka nirdeza maLe che. akho pote cheka jaIne beThelo sUphI saMta che. temanA jhUlaNAmAM potAno AtmAnubhAva kevA prakArano che. tenA camakArA Thera Thera najare paDe che. vaLI, temanA jhUlaNAnuM lakhANa svAnubhAva prerita ane AtmalakSI hovAthI temano sAdhanAmArga bahu ja spaSTa rIte samajAya che. akho kahe che ke "ahaM nuM nAhaM thAya to sohaM thAya-zayanI jagyAe sAMI thAya-naina thAya ane cena Ave." vaLI sUphI izka dvArA thayelo AtmAnubhAva advitIya hoya che. ane te anubhavane vANImAM mUkI zakAto nathI. AtmAnubhAva sAmIpya : pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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thaI zake che, paNa pUrNa rIte samajAvI zakato nathI. AraphAnakA grahA koI nahIM, jitako hove so hi jAne, akala jAye, kala ena milI, jayUM nIra meM nIra eka sAne. taba saba karaNA usakA hai, jisakA kiyA saba hove, 'zaya' kI Thora sAMI huvA, aba akhA kyA aura jove ? akho kahe che ke 'ahaM' e ja baMdhana ane 'nAhaM' e ja mokSa. jhulaNAmAM A 'nAhaM'-mArganuM bahu suMdara varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che. A ahaMnuM nAhaM premathI thaI zake. paramAtmaprAptimAM izka yA prema e sarvoparI tattva che. prema eTale ja 'huM' maTIne 'tuM' thayuM. ahaMne zrIharamAM ogALI nAMkhavuM. A ja sUphIono prema dvArA phanAno mahAna siddhAMta che. phanA pachI ja sUphI 'bakA'no svAnubhava karI zake che. premarasa nenana milana, nitya navala raMga bhoga, dekhI cAhI kahe akhA ! so koI baDA prayoga * * * * * premakA nAga jise DasatA hai, huM sArA Alama akhA ! * * * * * lIma aura lUNa tise hoya mIThA, prema lAgyA tinuM Apa dIThA. paDhate bahuta paMDita hove, aura bAta mahobatakI bahuta baDI, pala na 2he nyArA piyu, avvala mahobatakI rAha jaDI, jayuM meha dekhyA lUna hoya pAnI, so nIrameM nIra hove ja hove, ajaba AraphAna hove akhA! so avvala mahobatasuM "Apa" khove. akho kahe che ke prema ekalo hoya to te pUrato nathI. jJAna vinA prema AMdhaLo che, prema ane jJAna baMne joIe, to ja anubhavanI AMkha ughaDe - samadRSTi Ave. prema ane prajJAna baMne hoya to ja AtmAnubhAva thAyatrIjuM netra khUle. "prema prIchA kara piyu mile, Isa bina auraha lAkha honA ! dUdha zarabata hajhAra pIve, aura pyAsa na bhAge bina pANI.' * premanuM mahattva darzAvatAM akho kahe che ke jIvamAM prema viraha pragaTyA vinA sAcuM jJAna saMbhaLAtuM nathI. AvuM jJAna thavuM AsAna nathI. jayAM AvI sUjharUpI apsarA Ave che tyAM khudAno jalavo patharAI jAya che. A ja paramAtmA sAtheno advaitAnubhava che-Atma-52mAtma yoga che. vizeSamAM prabhuprApti mATe ziSya zUrA ane gurU pUrA hovA joIe. A mArga vIrAtmAno che. sabako dUra rAja piyu, aura sUjha samajha ko dUra nahIM sUja samajha vahAM ja hove, neha birahA lAgyA jahIM. * * Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir * * murzidakI mahanata Thora paDe, jo mukeada hoya taisA, akhA karama kiratAra kare, taba saba pAIye sAja esA. potAnA 'nAhaM' mArgano marma samajAvatA akho kahe che ke A mArgamAM gurugamanI jarUra che. guru samajaNanI akhAnA sUphIvAdI siddhAMta ane sUphI sAdhanAmArga For Private and Personal Use Only

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kacAza dUra kare paNa mArga para cAlavAnuM dayabaLa to potAmAMthI ja pragaTavuM joIe. 'nAhaM thavA mATe saMcita, prArabdhanI badhI ja vAsanAono niHzeSa kSaya karavo joIe. Ama, aya padanI prApti mATe vAsanA mAtrano kSaya thavo joIe ane paramAtmAnI talaba lAgavI joIe. AthI akho kahe che ke paramAtma prApti mATe tIvra AturatA joIe-viraha joIe-talaba joIe-mumukSatA joIe. sAcI talaba sivAya Atmasiddhi thatI nathI. rasavRtti pharyA ke pheravyA vinA jJAnano kazo ja artha nathI. jJAna zuSka rahI jAya che. mana lAge taba maulA mile, lAkha bAtuM kI bAta ye hI, mana bhaTakA dahuM disa phire, to kyA kare mUrakha dehI. akhA! nIpaja gaubatuM, paNa AturatA zIra bhAra, jayuM aMkura he saba bIja meM, paNa pANI karata pasAra. TUMkamAM jema bIjamAM vRkSa thavAnI saMbhavitatA che tema jIvamAtra brahma svarUpa che ane svataMtra che, paNa jIvanuM brahmamAM rUpAMtara thavA mATe AturatA-daDha saMkalpanI paramAvazyakatA che. vastusthiti Ama hovAthI jIvananI dizAnuM parivartana na thAya ane AturatA athavA prema virahAvasthA sudhI vikAsa pAme nahi tyAM sudhI vastuprApti-brahmAnubhava zakya bane nahi AturatA ja jIvane parama puruSArtha karavA prere che. jIvane ziva karavA mATe "ahaM'nuM brahmamAM samaparNaphanA thavuM joIe, sAcI talaba huM-paNuM choDavAthI Ave che. jayAre ahaMbhAva chUTIne paramAtmAnI sAcI talaba lAge che, tyAre paramAtmA hAjarAhajUra pragaTa thAya che. vaLI, deha ane AtmA vacce anusaMdhAna karanAra citta, jaDagraMthI mana ja che. AtmAnubhava mATe te graMthI kApI nAMkhavI joIe. cittane AtmAmAM zamAvI devuM joIe. mana amana thatAM "ahaMbhAva raheto ja nathI. anubhava evo re kijiye, jeNe mananI jaDa jAya, mana mUrakha vInA mAnavI, vasturUpa na thAya. akhA ! khUdako mata mAre ! mAra "khudI' mile ja khudA akhA ! 'Apa' phanA hove, kachu IzArata so hi bake. AtmasiddhinA mArgamAM phanA thavAthI taiyArI hoya to pachI bAhyAcAra ane ADaMbaranI koI jarUra nathI. phanA sivAya niyamabaddhattA premayogamAM jarUrI nathI. Atmasiddhi mATe to dilanI sAcI tamannA ane laganI joIe. sAcA dilathI jene phanA thavuM che tene duniyA choDavAnI ke saMnyAsa levAnI jarUra nathI. tene to duniyA choDI daIne paramAtmAmAM lIna thavAnuM che. A saMdarbhamAM akho kahe cheH bhekha kI Teka cale khaTa darazana, bhekha nahi tahAM Teka kinAkI, TekakI Teka calI jo dazodiza, Teka hamArI to hai jo phanAkI. mAlA na peruM, TIkA na banAu, zaraNe na jAuM meM kou kisIkA, ApA na meTuM, thApA na thAvuM, mai madamAtA huM merI khuzIkA. * * * * * gaI phikara so phakIra huvA, kachu evaMdameM piyu nAhIM peThA, sAmIpyaH pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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dIlakI majala pahoMce, akhA! aura soka canta tUM mata kare. Ama gurugama, vAsanAkSaya ane manonAzanuM mahattva samajAvI akho Atmasiddhi mATe AtmajJAnane khUba mahattva Ape che. jIvane AtmAno anubhava nahIM thavA denAra mULa kAraNa ajJAna ane tethI thato dehAdhyAsa che. ajJAna 'bApa' ane dehAdhyAsa 'mA'mAMthI ja jIvabhAva utpanna thAya che. vastutaH AtmA e ApaNuM svarUpa chesvabhAva che. ajJAnanA AvaraNane dUra karavA mATe ja guru ane gurugamanuM mahattva akho svIkAre che. ane AvaraNane sarvoparI sAdhana mAne che. akho kahe che ke paramAtmAne bahAra zodhavA javAnI jarUra nathI, kAraNa ke te badhe che, badhAmAM che to potAnAmAM paNa che. tethI mANase paramAtmAne potAnAmAM zodhavAno che, bahAra bhaTakavAnuM nathI. akho potAno svAnubhava darzAvatAM kahe che ke "huM paramAtmAnI zodhamAM bahAra ghaNI jagyAe bhaTakyo paNa te vyartha hatuM. chevaTe jyAre gurunA kahyA mujaba mArA potAmAM 52mAtmAne zodhyo tyAre mane tenAM darzana thayAM." Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir huM nikalI piyujI DhuMDhaneko jAya IMTa paththarameM khoja dekhyA, pUchyA pUrava pazcima ke namanAreko vobhI kahe, hama nAMhi pekhyA! hAra paDyA! hAMsila huvA, jaba murzidane kala kahI, rahyA ApoApa sAMI ja akhA ! itanI so tinuM kahI. akho bhakti ane jJAnanA samanvayanA pakSapAtI che. teo kahe cheH bhakti, jJAna ane vairAgya, padAratha eka traNa nAma vibhAga. prema prIcha naraku bhalI akhA so jAne koI, prema milAve piyuku prIche samarasa hoI Ama, jIva brahmamAM bhaLe e mATe prema ane prIcha kiMvA jJAna ane bhakti baMnenI AvazyakatA rahe che. Ama akho rahasyavAdI tattvajJa-kavayitA che. kiMvA uccatama kakSAno sUphIsaMta che ema kahIe to e atizayokti nahi gaNAya ema uparanA vivecana uparathI spaSTa pratIta thAya che. akhAnI vANI e brahmamaya vAcA' che, je prANI mAtrane kSaNika ullAsanA khAbociyAmAM nahi paNa akhilAIbharyA AtmasiMdhumAM jhIlavA AmaMtrI rahe che. 1. akho vedAntI ane sUphI ema baMne hato. te mAtra jJAnamArgI ja nahi, paNa karmavAdI paNa hato. A kAraNathI teNe jJAtiprathA ane dharmaguruonA ADaMbaro temaja vahema ane aMdhazraddhA sAme saMgharSa karyo hato. tenI dRSTie hiMdu, musalamAna, brAhmaNa ane aspRzya vacce koI bheda na hato. pAchaLathI 20mA saikA daramiyAna mahAtmA gAMdhIe AvA ucca Adarzone anusarIne ja sAmAjika ekatA sthApavA mATe bhagIratha prayAso karyA hatA. AvA kAraNosara ja akho bhUtakALano ja viSaya nathI. akhAno Spirit jo barAbara samajavAmAM Ave to akho Aje 21mA saikAmAM paNa sAce ja jIvaMta che. 2. 3. 4. 5. saMdarbhagraMthasUci niraMjana kRta, 'akhegItA', saM. 1775 (mULa hastaprata), bho. je. vidyAbhavana graMthAlaya (naM. ba-1656) amadAvAda jIvaNalAla aMbAlAla dvArA prakAzita, 'akhAjInA chappA', amadAvAda, 1852 sAgara, 'akhAjInI praNAlikA', citrAla Azrama, pAdarA, vaDodarA, 1920 dhruva, kezavalAla ha., 'anubhavabiMdu', amadAvAda, 1932 bhikSu, akhaMDAnaMda, 'akhAnI vANI tathA manahara pada', (bIjI AvRtti) sastu sAhitya vardhaka kAryAlaya, amadAvAda, 1924 akhAnA sUphIvAdI siddhAMta ane sUphI sAdhanAmArga For Private and Personal Use Only 81

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6, "akhAnI vANI' bhAga-1, sastu sAhitya vardhaka, muMbaI, 1914 7. Thakkara, dazaratha pra., 'gujarAtI sAhityamAM sUphI rahasyavAda', amadAvAda, 1988 bhagavAna mahArAja, 'akhAjInI sAkhIo', kahAnavA ji. bharUca, (prathama AvRtti), 1952 9. tripAThI, jagannAtha dA., "aprasiddha akSayavANI arthAt akhAkRta kAvyo', bhAga-2, gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTI, amadAvAda, 1932 10. trivedI, vi. 2. ane desAI, vra, mu. (saMpA.), 'akhe gItA', gUrjara graMtharatna, amadAvAda, 1957 11. jhaverI, kR. mo., "gujarAtI sAhityanA mArga sUcaka staMbho', amadAvAda, 1930 12. jozI, umAzaMkara ane jozI, ramaNalAla (saMpA.), akhe gItA, gujarAta yunivarsiTI, amadAvAda, 1967 13. nAyaka, cho. 2., 'sUrImata', bho. je. vidyAbhavana-saMzodhana graMthamALA, graMthAMka-56, gujarAta vidyAsabhA, amadAvAda, 1959 14. jozI, umAzaMkara, "akho-eka adhyayana', gujarAta vidyAsabhA, (dvitIyAvRtti), amadAvAda, 1973 15. jozI, sureza ha., "madhyakAlIna jJAnamArgI kAvyadhArAnI bhUmikA', vaDodarA, 1978 16. mahetA, kuMjavihArI ane zukla, rameza (saMpA.), "akhAnA chappA', dhI popyulara pabliziMga, surata, 1963 . 17. trivedI, anasUyA bhUpendra (saMpA.), "akhAkRta cALIsa chappA' (anubhavabiMdu), zrI phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA, muMbaI, 1964 jesalapurA, zivalAla, 'akhAnI kRtio', khaMDa-2 'pada', sAhitya saMzodhana prakAzana, amadAvAda, 1988 jayabahAduralAla, 'sUphI saMta sAhitya kA udbhava aura vikAsa', lakhanau, 1969 20. mAvAna, "sUchI saMta carita', sastA sAhitya maMtra, na utnI, 668 21. zarmA, zivakumAra, 'madhyakAlIna sAhitya meM yoga bhAvanA', alIgar3ha muslima yuni., prathama saMskaraNa, alIgaDha, 1970 22. Chaudhari, Roma, 'Sufis and Vedanta' (Part-I-II) (2nd ed.) Prachyavani mandir, Calcutta, 1963 23. Shah, Idries, 'The Sufis', New York, INC, 1964 24. Nicholson, R. A., 'Poet and Mystic' (Third ed.) London, 1964 24. Banke Bihari, "Sufis Mystics and Yogies of India', Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan, Bombay (1st ed.), 1962 Ranade, R. D., 'The Conception of Spiritual life in Mahatma Gandhi & Hindi Saints', B. J. Institute-Sanshodhan-Granthmala, No. 50, Gujarat Vidyasabha, Ahmedabad, 1956 8ra sAmIpya: pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe. 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMta bhajanika dAsIjIvaNa pravINasiMha vAghelA* saurASTranA tejasvI saMta-kaviomAM dAsIjIvaNanuM sthAna mokharAnuM ane viziSTa koTinuM che. AjathI barobara baso sattAvana varSa pahelAM emano janma I.sa. 1750 Aso vadi amAsane divALInA divase thayela. saurASTramAM AvelA goMDala zaheranI najIka pUrva dizAe ATha kilomITara dUra ATakoTa jasadaNa javAnA dhorI mArga para ghoghAvadara nAme gAma AveluM che. tyAMnA rahevAsI camAra jJAtinA jagA dAphaDA nAme eka meghavALane ghera mAtA sAmabAInI kukhe janma laIne dAsIjIvaNe mAta-pitAne dhanya banAvI dIdhA. dAphaDA ghera dIvo huo jIvaNa paMDe jANa." dAsIjIvaNanA pitAno vyavasAya goMDala rAjyanAM marelAM DhoranAM cAmaDAM utArI tene keLavavAno ijAro rAkhavAno hato, A ijArAne 'bhAma rAkhavI' evuM kahevAya che. ghoghAvadaranA camAromAM dAsIjIvaNanuM kuTuMba moTuM ane paisAdAra gaNAtuM. dhArmika lAgaNI dharAvatuM A kuTuMba bhajana-kIrtana, vrata-upavAsa ane sAdhu-saMtone Azaro daI 'denekA TukaDA bhalA, lenekA harinAma jevuM pavitra jIvana vyatIta karatuM hatuM. sAdhu-saMto Ave dharma-bhaktinI carcAo cAle, bhajanonI ramajhaTa cAlatI hoya evA vAtAvaraNa vacce dAsIjIvaNano uchera thayo. uMmara lAyaka thatAM gRhastha jIvana zarU thayuM. paNa A to judI ja mATIno ghaDAyelo mAnavI ene mAyAnuM AvaraNa na caDhyuM. pitAno dhaMdho karatAM karatAM bhaktinA raMgamAM DUbelA dAsIjIvaNe tIvra adhyAtma jijJAsAne kAraNe eka pachI eka 17 (sattara) guruo badalyA hatA ane chevaTe saMta bhImane caraNe jaIne teo TharyA hatA. "Akhare emane kabIra-paMthI "ravibhANa saMpradAyanA bhIma sAhebano bheTo thayo." 'bhIma bheTyA meM bhramaNA bhAMgI' ema kahenAra dAsIjIvaNanA aMtaranA tAra jhaNajhaNavA lAgyA. bhramanuM tALuM tUTI gayuM. paramatattvanI laganI lAgI gaI ane gAI uThyA : ajavALuM re have ajavALuM..... gurujI tama Avya re mAre. ajavALuM dAsIjIvaNa saMta bhIma kere zaraNe, avara dUjo huM dhaNI nahi dhAruM..... gurujI tama AvyuM..... kRSNanI ananya bhakti dAsIbhAvathI ja thaI zake ema teo mAnatA eTale kRSNanI dAsI tarIke jIvaNa potAne oLakhAve che. pote puruSa hovA chatAM paramAtmAnI dAsI banIne dAsIbhAve bhagavAnanI upAsanA karavA lAgyA. aMtaramAMthI bhajanonI saravANI chUTavA lAgI. 'jIvaNa jagamAM jAgiyA, naramAMthI thiyA nAra; dAsI nAma darasALiyuM, e rAdhAnA avatAra." 'dAsIjIvaNa' evuM nAma dharAvatA A saMtakavinAM pado (ghaNAM mukhya) lakephamAM pravAhita thatI emanI bhajanabAnI paramatattvanI ekopAsanAnuM udAharaNa che. virahaNanAM bhAva darzAvatAM bhajano parajanA DhALamAM nArIhRdayanI dardabharI vyathAnuM pratIka bane che. emanAM keTalAMka bhajano prAsaMgika hovA chatAM marmasparzI che. zuddha kavitAno prasAdabhAva paNa saMsAranI asAratA prere tevAM bhaktivicalita bhajano lagabhaga saMkhyAnI dRSTie 150 * graMthAlaya inacArja, bho.je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda saMta bhajanika dAsIjIvaNa For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra (doDhaso) jeTalAM Aje prApta thAya che. kaMThastha paraMparAnI bhajanavANImAM dAsIjIvaNanuM sthAna mokharAnuM ne viziSTa koTinuM che. pado 1. prItama mane lAge pyArI re terI baMsarI; vairAgya pUrNa bhaktitattva nirguNa ArAdhanA piyu-piyAnA Artamaya prabhu pratyenA udgAro, viraha-vyathAno satata bhaktiprAMjala sormila nArIhRdayano AMtarabhAva jIvaNane rAdhAno avatAra gaNavA prere che. loko paNa emane rAdhAno avatAra mAne evuM mRdu daihasauSThava jIvaNane prApta thayuM hatuM. 2. 3. 4. www.kobatirth.org baMsI sunakara huI dIvAnI, gelI vANI tArI re. prItamaja 4 Aja ve'lA hire Avo saMtonI vAre, sAsvatane tame sevaNa kIdhI, iMDAM tamAre AdhAre; gaja calAvI mAthe ghara ja vAvyo, bhAMgyo nohato tene bhAre Aja. vallabha vilAsI vA'le evAM sukha daIne re; mIDhe caDyo mIThA bolyA mAvajI; dAsI jIvaNa saMta bhImane zaraNe re; prItama premanA rasa bharI bharI pAvajo. zAmaLAja dAsI jIvaNa saMta bhImane caraNe, evI paDela paToLe bhAta; mAre ka2vI vA'lama sAthe vAta bAI, mAre meramajIne mALA re... emaNe brahmanI upAsanA dAsI bhAvathI karI hatI. jenA upara vaiSNavI prabhAva mAnI zakAya. enA kAraNe atyAre paNa ghaNA loko emane strIbhakta mAne che. emanAM pado mIrAMbAInAM padonI jema atyaMta lokapriya che. sAva sAdI saraLa marmasparzI vANIthI emaNe sAmAnya mAnavIthI bhinna evuM vyaktitva potAnA bhajanomAM pragaTa karyuM che. moTAmoTA paMDito ane pothIpurANone daMbhI kahI zakavAnI hiMmata A nirakSara bhajanika saMta dharAve che. jagatane dhutavAvALA tArAone paNa khullA pADavAnI hiMmata temaNe karI che. jogI hokara jaTA vadhAre aMga lagAve vismRtA damaNI kAraNa deha jalAve Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir jogI nahIM paNa jagadhUta. AvI hiMmata dharAvanAra saMta kavi duniyAnA daMbho sAme karaDA cAbakhA samA kaTAkSo bolanAra samAja sudhAraka jyAre potAnA parama priyatama parabrahma sAmuM jue che tyAre dAsIbhAvathI dInatAnI lAgaNI darzAvatA gadita thaI jAya che. caraNuM kI dAsI he terI re, meraMma jaladdI khabara lyoM merI... jaLa vinA jema mIna na jIve Ito, jhAkaLa huMdA saba jherI.... meraMma jaladI khabara lyo.... Ama ugra, tIkSNa, upadezakanuM eka rUpa ApaNI sAme Ave che. emanA cetavaNInA bhajano dvArA. to sAmIpya : pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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me mastAnA mastI kheluM. bIjuM eka svarUpa che daitya bhAvathI pIDAtuM virahAtura gopInuM hRdaya. parabrahma paramAtmAnuM nirguNa-nirAkAra rUpe bhajana karatA A sAdhaka vibhinna (judIjudI) sAdhanAo varNave che. yaugika rahasyAnubhUti, premalakSaNAbhakti, gurumahimA, bhaktivairAgyaprabodha. dAsIjIvaNa eka masta mahApuruSa hatA. potAnA bhajanomAM emanAM vyaktitvanuM eka A mahattvanuM lakSaNa pragaTa A rIte thayuM che. me divAnA darzana kA... miyA khaDga hAtha laI kheluM, jIta taNA ala dauM DaMkA meM mastAnAM prabhu milananI mastImAM tallIna banIne dAsIjIvaNa potAnA paramAtmA prabhune rIjhavavA potAno prabhuno sipAhI mAne che. ane kSamArUpI khaDraga hAthamAM laIne jItanA DaMkA deto hoya evI mastInuM-divAnApaNAnuM varNana kare che. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir bIjI tarapha vyAvahArika kAryomAM mUMjhavaNa anubhavIne lAcAra thaIne paramAtmAnI sahAya mAgatA ane upAlaMbha dvArA mITho Thapako ApatAM ApatAM bhaktarUpe prabhune vinavaNI kare che. nIkara koNa jape tAro jApa, khAvaMda tArA bAnAnI pata rAkha... paDiyAM tArA kAma re zAmaLiyA mAre, DiyA tamArA kAma re, vAlA jagatanA vevAra pALo mArA sAcA dhaNI tame zAma re... mAre paDiyAM... jIvaNadAsInAM bhaktinAM pado ApaNuM savizeSa dhyAna kheMce evAM che, potAne hiranI dAsI mAnatA A kavinAM padone aMte 'dAsIjIvaNa'nI padachApa paNa AvyA kare che. emanAM lokakaMThe ane haiye sacavAI rahelAM mora AvaDAM te rUpa kyAMthI lAvyo re moralA maratulokamAM Avyo' ke 'vADI re veDIza mA mArI re vADInA bhamaralA vADI veDIzamAM' jevAM, zrI anaMtarAya rAvaLasAheba jene 'rUpakagarbha pado' kahuM chuM tevAM padono ahIM ullekha karIne enI nirguNa-sAkAranI virahavedanA prakaTa karatI eka kRti- 'kaTArI' - joI jaIe. emAM 'dAsI' jIvaNe gAyuM che. kalejA kaTArI re, rudiyA kaTArI re, mADI, muMne mAve laIne mArI re ! khIma sAhebanI ziSyaparaMparAmAM madhya saurASTranA saMta kavi dAsIjIvaNe saguNa ane nirguNa, sAkAra ane nirAkAra ema baMne adhyAtma sAdhanA pravAhono samanvaya sAdhIne puruSa hovA chatAM dAsIbhAve - rAdhAbhAve paramatattvanI upAsanA karI che. parama cetanA A saMtakavinI vANImAM niranirALAM rUpo dhAraNa kare che. premalakSaNA bhaktinA dAsIbhAvanAM bhajano nArIhRdayanI sukomaLa vedanAno anubhava karAve che. pyAlo, kaTArI, hATaDI, baMsarI, jhAlarI, moralo, bagalo. vagere paraMparita rUpako laIne dAsIjIvaNa taLapadI lokavANImAM ane keTalAMka bhajanomAM sAdhukakkI hindI-gujarAtImAM apAra bhAvavaividhya dharAvatAM bhAvagIto-bhaktipadonuM sarjana saMta bhajanika dAsIjIvaNa For Private and Personal Use Only 85

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kare che. emanA vyaktitvanuM eka mahattvanuM pAsuM paramAtmA pratyenI akhUTa zraddhA ane vizvAsa che. IzvaranI karaNAmAM apAra vizvAsa upara to emanuM jIvana avalaMbita hatuM. potAnAM bhajano dvArA teo eka kavi karatAM eka bhaktanA rUpamAM vizeSarUpe ApaNI sAme rajU thAya che. emanuM AkhuM jIvana emanI potAnI keTalIka mAnI lIdhelI bhAvanAothI gUMthAyeluM rahyuM hatuM. temanA para ravibhANa paraMparAnI (saMpradAyanI) chApa hoya ja. kAraNa ke temanA anuyAyI hatA. eTale emanA niyamita ane vyavasthita jIvanavyaktitvanI bhajanomAM paDelI jovA maLe che. Adarza gurubhakta dAsIjIvaNanA bhajanomAM gurunuM sthAna anokhuM che. temAM dAsIjIvaNa eka gurubhakta tarIke ApaNane DokiyuM karatAM jovA maLe che. AgavI saMta paraMparA pramANe gurunuM mahattva emanAM jIvanamAM viziSTa prakAranuM che. gurunI sevAe ame pada pAmIe, guru sevA varNavI na jAya anaMta mahimAM gurujI taNA saMta guru samarpe kAraja saI thAya je samAjamAM satagurunI sAnamAM bhApariyA bharapUra pyAlo meM pIdhela che bharapUra... vagere jevI) AvI paMktiomAM ApaNane dAsIjIvaNanA gurUviSayaka vicAro spaSTapaNe AlekhAyelA jovA maLe che. guru temane mana paramAtmA samAna che ane gurunI kRpAthI to teonA hRdayamAM ajavALuM thayuM che. prabhunI dAsI banIne paramAtmAne potAnA mAlika kalpIne enI sAthe adabathI AmanyA jALavIne temaNe vyavahAra karyo che te ajoDa che.vANI ane vartanamAM ekarUpatA jovA maLatI hoya to te dAsI jIvaNamAM..... bhajana sAhityano tejasvI kavi dAsIbhAvanA premArda bhajanone kAraNe ravibhANa paMthanA anuyAyIo uparAMta samagra saurASTra gujarAtanI bhajana maMDaLIomAM potAnuM AgavuM (nakka2) sthAna jamAvI beThelA dAsIjIvaNa bhajana sAhityanA eka tejasvI kavi che. mIThI lahakathI svaromAM Aroha-avaroha layavaLAMka ane samucita rAga DhALathI gava bhajano, jJAnamArgI, yogamArga, gurumahimA ke cetavaNInAM bhajano eTalAM badhAM lokapriya banyAM che ke AkAzavANI parathI prasArita thatI "bhajanAvalI"mAM lagabhaga dararoja ekAda-be pada dAsIjIvaNanAM acUka gavAya che. lokapriya bhajanonuM saMpAdana karato eka paNa bhajanasaMgraha evo nahIM hoya ke jemAM dAsIjIvaNanAM keTalAMka bhajano saMpAdita na thayAM hoya. dAsIjIvaNanAM bhajano saurASTramAM "bAI mIrAM'nI vANI jeTalAM ja lokapriya che. rUpako, varNadhvanicitro ane taLapadI vAgabhaMgIonA Azraya letI kavinI vANImAM hiMdIno vaNATa che. ne ghaNAM pado hiMdI bhASAmAM paNa maLe che. mora tuM avaDAM te rupa kyAthI lAvyo re moralo marita lokamAM Avyo.' 'he mora ! tU aisA rUpa kahA~ se le AyA / itanA sundara mora mRtyuloka meM avatarita haA hai|' sAmIpya: pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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marelA DhoranA cAmaDAne cIre ne sApha karavA vALA eka camAranA hRdayamAM kAvya-vINAnA jhagamagatA komalatAroM ne joIne sAceja Azcarya thAya che. ziSya paraMparA dAsIjIvaNanI ziSya paraMparAmAM thayelA koTaDA sAMgAlIna kaDiyA bhakta premasAheba, vizrAmasAheba, mAdhavasAheba, ane arajaNadAsanI vANI paNa ravibhANa saMpradAyanA anuyAyI bhajanikomAM gavAya che. A saMpradAyanI kavi-ziSya paraMparAmAM rAdhanapura najIkanA kalyANadAsa vAMkAneranA ratanadAsa, rAdhanapuranA mohanadAsa, sAMtalapuranA rAdhAdAsa, kaccha virANInA talakadAsa, svarUpadAsa, zyAmadAsa merAmadAsa, rAjuladAsa, gabaladAsa, lAlasAheba (pATaNa), caraNadAsa, vaNArasImAnA jIvaNadAsa, gaMgasAheba, bhImadAsa caraNa, harajIvanadAsa jevA nAnA moTA aneka saMta bhajanika kavionI bhajanavANI ravibhANa saMpradAyanI jagyAomAM paDelI hastapratomAM sacavAyelI jovA maLe che. emAMnI keTalIka lokabhajanikonI maMDaLIomAM gavAya che. ravibhANa saMpradAyanA sAdhanA-siddhAMto ane vicAradhArA mujaba A dareka saMtakavionI racanAomAM nAmano mahimA, gurumahimA, vairAgya upadeza ane yogasAdhanA dvArA paramatattva sAthe anusaMdhAna tathA kabIrasAheba kathita zabdasUratayoganI sAdhanA mukhya che. bhakti, jJAna, yoga ane karmasevA e adhyAtmamArganA cAre pravAhono samanvaya A saMtonI vANImAM thayelo jovA maLe che. madhyakALanA anya saMta-bhaktonA jIvana saMbaMdhe banyuM che tema dAsIjIvaNanA jIvana aMge paNa keTalIka camatkArika ghaTanAo lokamukhe (kaMThe) sacavAtI AvI che. ghaNA camatkAro emanA jIvana sAthe joDAyA che. A saMta atyaMta lokAdAra pAmIne barAbara paMcotera varSanuM AyuSya bhogavI I.sa. 1825 mAM anaMtamAM bhaLI javA jIvatA samAdhi janmasthaLa ghoghAvadaramAM ja le che, bIjuM lokavAyakA noMdhAyelI che ke temaNe giranAranA zeSAvanamAM samAdhi lIdhI hatI. paraMtu e adhikRta hoya ema jaNAtuM nathI. samAdhi le che tyAre emanA kaMThamAM bhajana guMjatuM hatuM. hATaDiyo kema revAze bhAI mArA rAmanI rajA nahIM... saMdarbha graMtha 1. 'UrminavaracanA', 1975 2. "dAsIjIvaNanAM pado', 1966, amadAvAda 3. "gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa', graMtha 2, khaMDa, punarmudraNa, 2006, amadAvAda 4. "gujarAtI sAhitya koza', khaMDa 1, 1989, amadAvAda 5. "gujarAtI vizvakoza', khaMDa 7, 1996, amadAvAda 6. "TgarAta saMtI, hindI sAhitya jo Trena', 2268, mathurA saMta bhajanika dAsIjIvaNa For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhArata mArtaDa zIghrakavi paMDita zrI gaDhulAlajI ghanazyAmajI mahArAjanuM saMskRta sAhityamAM pradAna DaoN. hinA ema. kIkANI* purANa prasiddha girinagara ke je jIrNadurga, jUnAgaDha evA vividha nAme suprasiddha che. tenA nAma mATe eka zloka prakhyAta che. Adau maNipuraM nAma candraketupuraM smRtam / tutiyaM raivataM nAma kalau paurAtanaM puram // AvI purAtanapurImAM prAcIna samayathI sarasvatInI upAsanA thatI AvI che. je Adhunika samaye paNa daSTigocara thAya che. mahAkavi mAghe je girinagarInA raivatakane joIne vizALa hAthInI banne bAju laTakatA ghaMTanI vilakSaNa kalpanA karelI je raivataka eTale ke giranAranI godamAM zilAlikhita itihAsa 700 varSanI vikAsayAtrAnI sAkSI pUrato Ubho che te nagarImAM Adhunika yugamAM saMskRta sAhityanuM sarjana thatuM rahyuM che. tenuM jvalaMta dRSTAMta eTale bhArata mArtaDa, zIghrakavibhAnudata arthAt gaphUlAlajI bhaTTa che. bhArata varSamAM dharma rakSaNArthe avatarelA IzvarAvatArarUpa A advitIya mahAtmA vikrama savaMta 1901 (I.sa. 1857) poSa vadI bArasane divase janmyA. temanA mAtAnuM nAma lADubeTIjI ane pitA paMcanadI kuLanA ghanazyAma bhaTTa hatA. paMDitajInA pitAzrI vedazAstra saMpanna prauDha vaiyAkaraNa vidvAna hatA ane bIjA zAstronI sAthe vedAnta saMbaMdhI graMthomAM paNa pUrI vidvattA meLavI hatI. temanA mAtuzrI jUnAgaDha nivAsI gosvAmI zrI vrajavallabhajI prasiddha nAma maganalAlajI mahArAjanAM putrI hatA. paMDitajInuM nAma pitAe janmanakSatrane anukULa manuvA pADyuM hatuM. jo ke A nAma adyApi aprasiddha jevuM lAgyuM che. to paNa mahAtmAonAM vacana nirarthaka hoya nahi te niyamAnusAra pitAe pADeluM mAna = sUrya e nAma bhAratamAH padavI maLavAthI aprasiddha chatAM svata: prasiddha pAmI anvarya thayuM. mAtAe vAtsalyathI lADanuM nAma gaN rAkheluM te ja kharA nAmarUpe vyavahAramAM lAvI vidyamAna yaza zarIra sAthe mAtRbhakta A naramArtaDa haMmezA mATe susthira rAkhyuM. temaja mAtAmaha kuTuMba taraphathI govardhananI e nAma rakhAyeluM te nAma parathI govardhano vAnivadhA velAnta vinAmafjamatati ityAdi sthaLomAM graMthanirmANa prasaMge paMDitazrIe vyavahAra karyo che. "bhaviSyamAM A pratApI paMDitajI bhAratavarSamAM advitIya puruSa tarIke prasiddhi pAmaze' evuM tenI apUrva camatkArayukta anubhavAtI bALa lIlAthI spaSTa sUcita thatuM hatuM. atyalpa vayamAM paMDitajI anIrvacanIya smaraNa zakti temaja samaja zakti dharAvatA hatA. temane potAnA sAkSarottama pitAnA sahavAsamAM vidyAbhyAsano krama ati saraLa thato gayo. zabdAlaMkAra paMDitajInA sAdhAraNa zabdomAM te vakhate paNa svAbhAvika ja hato. cAra pAMca varSanI uMmare paMDitazrInA mukhamAMthI nIkaLelI "thALI pALI ghaMTI baMTI tathaiva khAMDaNiyuM" e AryA temanI alpavayamAM anubhavAyelI dIvya zaktinA dRSTAMtarUpe sahyadayanone khAtarI mATe paryApta che. jagatanA AzrayarUpa jana upakAraka A mahAtmAnI adhyayana paddhati sAmAnya zikSaNa paddhatithI vilakSaNa ja hoya temAM zuM Azcarya ? jyAre cha sAtamI varSanI vaye bAla sAmAnya zikSaNa paddhatino bArAkhaDIthI prAraMbha thayo hato. * vyAkhyAtA, saMskRta vibhAga, bahAuddIna vinayana koleja, jUnAgaDha. sAmIpyaH pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe., 2007 88 For Private and Personal Use Only

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te samaye A mahAtmAne sArtha jhamaroSa kaMThastha thayo hato. aSTamavarSe upanayana saMskAra karI pitAe temane gAyatrI upadeza tathA vedAraMbha karAvyo ane mAtAmahazrI vrajavallabhajI graMthanirmANa prasaMge AraMbhe potAne mo guruzrI vrajavallabhasya pitughanazyAmataH Aptavidya: / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir adhyayana cAlatuM hatuM tyAre navame varSe zItaLAnA upadravathI paMDitazrInI dRSTi jatI rahI. mAtAnA kalpAMtane joIne maganalAjI mahArAje kahyuM ke, "tAro pratApI putra prajJAcakSu thaI bIjAone paNa aMdhakAramAMthI prakAzamAM lAvaze tenA carmacakSu javAthI teno laukika dRSTi vyApAra baMdha thayo che. te saMbaMdhI tuM kheda choDI de." netrapIDA zAMta thatAM paMDitazrIe prathamanA abhyAsanA avismaraNapUrvaka pitAnI sahAyathI zrutadhara thaI adhyayana karavA lAgyA. 'siddhAntajhAmuddI'nA abhyAsa samaye mahAbhASyamAM AvavAnI koTI bhASyanuM adhyayana karyuM nahotuM te pahelAM paMDitajI pote ja AvatA. ema temanA sahadhyAyI jIrNadUrgastha paMDita devakInaMdajI vagere pote svAnubhavathI kahe che vyAkaraNa sAthe kAvya, nATaka, campU, ityAdi aneka graMtha hoya tene saMskRtamAM bolavA lAgyA. thoDo samaya vyatIta thatAM SaDdarzanamAM niSNAMta thayA. paMDitazrInI apratima zaktino paricaya temane mAnapuraHsara apAyelI aneka uttama padavIothI siddha thAya che. aDhAramA varSe pitA sAthe paMDitazrI jAzIyAtrA mATe gayA hatA. tyAM aneka vidvAnonA samAgama ane sabhA zAstrArtho vagara asAdhAraNa prasaMgothI kAzI nivAsI prauDha vidvAnomAM paMDitajI agragaNya manAyA ane moTuM mAna pAmyA ane tyAM moTI sabhAomAM ghaTikAzataka ati kaThina ane asaMbaddha pAda pUrtio, aneka prakAranA rasAlaMkArathI alaMkRta tathA zabdArtha gauravavALI zIghrakavitA vagerenA prayogo ane sahasrAvadhAnanA adbhUta camatkAro karI batAvyAthI kAzI-nivAsI sarvamAnya sarva ziSToe sarvAnumate teone zIghravi ane zatAvadhAnI pada ApyuM ane tyAMnI ja prAcIna tattvadarzaka pAThazALAmAM 'prasiddha paMDita' e sarvottama padavI vedAntanI carcAmAM ananya sAmAnya zaktithI AkarSAIne ApavAmAM AvI. savaMta 1943-44 nI sAlamAM paMDitazrI jagannAthajI vagere sthaLe yAtrAe gayA hatA. tyAMthI pAchA pharyA te vakhate dilhImAM bhAratadharma mahAmaMDala (Religious Congress) bharAvavAnuM hatuM. temAM kAzInivAsI dhuraMdhara paMDito zivakumAra zAstrI ane harajasarAyajI Adi samagra bhAratavarSanA seMkaDo vidvAno ekaThA thayA hatA. te mahApariSadamAM paMDitajIe zAstrArtho karyA uparAMta vaidikadharma para saMskRtamAM evuM sarasa vyAkhyAna ApyuM hatuM ke, jenI asara samartha vidvAnonA aMtaHkaraNa 52 bahu ja thaI hatI. tyArabAda paMDitajIe sahasrAvadhAnanA camatkArika prayogo, ghaTikAzataka Adi zIghrakavananA camatkAro, game tevA vikaTa praznonA tatkAla uttaro devA vagere karI batAvyA hatA. tenAthI AnaMdAzcarya pAmI te samartha samagra vidvAnoe paMDitazrIne bahumAnapuraHsara 'bhAratamAtaka'(bharatakhaMDanA sUrya) evI advitIya padavI arpaNa karI. muMbaImAM zrImad govardhana lAlajIe muMbaI padhArI tyAM vizALa sabhA karI paMDitazrInuM vedAntaviSayanuM agAdha jJAna joI temane yathArthasvarUpa pratipAdita 'vevAnta bhaTTAcArya' (vedAMta viSayonA vidvAnonA AcArya) e sarvottama pada ghaNA ja mAnapUrvaka arpita karyuM. paMDitazrIe racelA prasiddha graMtho : paMDitazrIne sarvazAstramAM samAna sAmarthya hatuM. anya samartha vidvAnoe pauDha vaye karelA graMthonI barobarI kare tevA saMskRta graMtho ati alpa vayamAM banAvIne temaNe potAnI alaukika divyazaktinA darzana karAvyA che. AthI kahI zakAya ke, gaphUlAlajI kavi banelA nathI paNa janmelA che.' agyAravarSanI vayamAM paMDitajIe zikharINI chaMdamAM yamunAnaharI nAma 52 zlokanuM (1) yamunAtaharI saMskRta kAvya racyuM che. bhAratamArtaMDa zIghrakavi paMDita zrI gaTTulAlajI ghanazyAmajI mahArAjanuM saMskRta sAhityamAM pradAna For Private and Personal Use Only 89

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(2) maLIcarmI- tera varSanI vaye kavie RRmaLIcarmI nAme saMskRta graMtha lakhyo che. A sarasa gadyapadyAtmaka kAvya che. A campakAvyanI racanA ati pauDha ane camatkArothI bharapUra che. A kAvyamAM rAdhAkRSNanA saMvAdarUpe vakroktimAM lakhelo prathama maMgalAcaraNano zloka udAharaNa tarIke ahIM Apavo ucita gaNAze. kastvaM mattanayaH samatta nayane pRcchAminaitatparam / kA vA tvajjananIti rAgamahitAbjAsye saparyAmama // mitraM te vada dakSiNe kSaNamaye te kAlayo'dipriye / saravye kAtvamiji priyAM pramadayanyAyAtsaparamekSaNaH // bhAvArtha : rAdhAjI zrIkRSNanI ghaNIvAra rAha jotAM hatAM. te samaye zrIkRSNa AvI bahArathI sAMkaLa khakhaDAvI tyAre rAdhAjI bolyA ke htva tuM koNa che ? eTale kRSNe ':'no artha 'koNa' choDI daI brahmA evo artha laI vakrokti karI kahyuM ke, (matanayane sa: matanayana) he madamatta netravALI te H je brahmA che te mAro putra che. tyAre rAdhAjIe pUchyuM ke huM e nathI pUchatI paNa bIjuM pUchuM chuM ke, 52ma snehavALI tArI mAtA koNa che ? tyAre bhagavAne tvajjana nIti - tArA bhaktonI 'zAstravihita nIti zI che ?' evo artha laIne kahyuM ke, 'OM abjAsye saparyA mama' - he kamalavadanI mArI sevA e ja mArA bhaktonI zAstravihita nIti che. AthI rAdhAe pUchyuM mitre te var - tAro mitra koNa che te kahe tenA uttaramAM mitra eTale sUrya evo artha laI bhagavAne kahyuM ye rakSiLekSaLa eTale e (sUrya) to mAruM dakSiNanetra. rAdhAe pUchyuM ke, te vAtaya: arthAt tAruM ghara kyAM che? AnA uttaramAM zrIkRSNe matti eTale sakhI e zabdanuM bahuvacana taya: evo artha laI kahyuM ke 'saravyevAtvam'tuM eka ja sakhI cho. chatAM malaya: e bahu vacanavALo prayoga kema kare che ? A rIte priyA rAdhAjIne prasanna karatAM kamaLalocana bhagavAna ApaNI rakSA karo. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir (3) vedAntacintAmaNi - 19 varSanI vaye gaphUlAlajI mahArAje zuddhAdvaita tattvajJAna saMbaMdhI vevAtacintAmaNi nAmanA prauDha graMthanuM nirmANa karyuM hatuM. temanA pUjya pitAe vedAntaprakaraNa graMtha racavAnI AjJA karavAthI paMDitazrIe uktagraMtha racyo hato. A graMtha paMDitazrInA pitAjI pote temanI pAsethI lakhatA. A graMtha zuddhAdvaita sAMpradAyikone parama upakAraka che ane anya vidvAnone paNa manana karavA yogya che. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa keTalAka kSullaka kAraNane laI bhaDakelA keTalAka vaiSNava saMpradAya para AkSepa karanArane A graMtha jarUra jANavA yogya che. (4) satsiddhAntamArtaMDa saM. 1924 mAM (I.sa. 1880mAM) jayapuranA mahArAjA rAmasiMhajIe lakSmaNagIrI nAmanA saMnyAsInA lakhelA 64 Akara prazno prasiddha vaiSNava saMpradAyanA AcAryone koThA tarIke mokalyA hatA. A samaye paMDitazrInuM vaya mAtra 24 varSanuM hatuM. cAreya saMpradAyamAM bahu carcA cAlI. te samaye muMbaInA sAkSarottama zrI jIvanalAlajI mahArAja jevA AcAryoe khaMDanapUrvaka uttara lakhavAnI zakti mAtra paMDitazrInI joI ane saMpradAyanA rakSaNArthe paMDitazrI te kAryamAM pravRtta thayA. lakSmaNagIrinA praznonuM khaMDanapUrvaka samAdhAna teoe 'kSatsiddhAntamArtaMDa' nAmano prauDha vAda graMthanirmANa karI chapAvI prasiddha karyo che. 90 - (5) mArutazaktti: paMDitazrInI madhyAvasthAmAM svAmI sadAnaMdagIrie puSTimArga para udAsIna thayelA lokonI preraNA ane uttejanathI sahastrAkSa nAmano graMtha zuddhAdvaitamArtaMDa ane vizvamaMDana nAmanA vaiSNavagraMthanA khaMDanarUpe lakhyo. A chellA zAstrIya prahArathI vaiSNavapaMtha kamyo hato. tenA vA2Na tarIke prAbhaMgana nAmano lekha koTAstha gosvAmI zrI kanaiyAlAlajI mahArAje lakhyo te sUtrarUpa lekha para yogya TIkA karavA paMDitazrIne temanA pitA vagerenI AjJA thaI. tethI teNe mArutazatti nAmano prauDha lekha graMtharUpe prasiddha karyo jeno Azare 30,000 zlokanA pUrano pUrvArdha paMDitazrIe pote chapAvIne prasiddha karyo che. A prauDhavAda graMtha racavAthI teonI SaTcAstramAM sAmIpya : pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe, 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ananya sAmAnya nipuNatA pratipAdita thaI che ane e AkAragraMthathI ja vAstavika paMthanuM poSaNa thaI zakyuM hatuM. (6) savadhAvya : meghapuranA mahArANAe paMDitazrIne moTI sabhA karI mAnabharelI rIte nimaMtraNa karyuM hatuM. sArA pratiSThita prasiddha paMDitonI mAgaNIthI zIghakAvya prayoga tarIke haMsavadha vya nAmano graMtha zIghratAthI sabhAmAM ja racI kADhyo hato. A graMtha pUrve pAMDavarAghavIya nAmano prAcIna kavino eka ja graMtha racAyo jANavAmAM che. te graMthamAM pAMDava ane rAmano vattAMta dviarthI kAvyanI yojanAthI Avyo che te ja prakAranuM kaviziromaNinuM A kAvya paNa che. (7) 5MTmasara vAvya :- uparanA jevA ja koI prasaMge nAyikAnuM abhisaraNa varNavavAnI sabhAsadonI icchAthI paMDitazrIe misarAvya raci saMtoSa pamADyo. abhisArikA nAyikAnuM varNana to ghaNAM che. paNa A kAvyamAM paMDitajInI zakti vidvAnoe paNa jovA yogya che. (8) sumatinI :- galAlanI kavi tarIkenI zakti varNavavAmAM dRSTAMta ApavA joIe paNa te thoDA pAnAmAM lakhAya tevo viSaya nathI. gujarAtIno keTaloka saMgrahamAM chapAyo che. subhASita laharImAM kula cAra prakaraNa che. (1) prArthanA prakaraNa :- temAM dazAvatArastrota, nRsiMha svarUpa, vAcanacaraNavarNana, rAmavijaya, giridharastavana, kRSNaprAgaTya, prabhu prArthanAno samAveza che. (2) bhakti prakaraNa :- navadhA bhaktinuM mahattva, bhaktiprabhAva, bhagavAnanI bhaktivazatA, bhagavAnanI bhaktivatsalatA, meghazyAmabhakti, kRSNakIrtana, rAmastavana, gaMgAdazapadI, yamunAvarNana, prayAgavarNana, harikRpA, Izvarasiddhi, hRdayadUta. (3) zikSA prakaraNa : mAnavadharma, dAmpatya dharma, prema prazaMsA, susaM5mahimA, kaLikALanAM kaSTa, krodha, kanyAvikrayanI krUratA, prAstAvika gIta, doharA ityAdi. (4) sphaTa kAvya prakaraNa : Izvarastuti, meghAnyokti, varSAvarNana, vasaMtavarNana, samasyApUrti, sainyavarNana, kezarahiMda, vikToriyA, savAI bahAdUra kheMgArajI, kumArazrI jorAvarakhAnajI, laoNrDa ripana, o nAnAbhAI, Aryasudharmodaya sabhA, bhUlezvara, pustakAlaya, vartamAnapatra, sabhAparNana, bALalagna, paracUraNa kAvya, A uparAMta gujarAtImAM samazlokI gItA che ane aMte "sAhityasaMgrahamAM gaMgataraMga, vividha kavitA, mAravADI bhASA kavitA ane skuTa doharA che. (9) Arya samudrava: - chaMdobaddha racanAnA kavinA lekhomAM gadya ghaNA kliSTa athavA to doSarUpa kvacita thaI paDe che. paNa A kavIzvara gadyalekhomAM paNa prasaMzanIya lekhaka hatA. tenI bhASA viSaya paratve to kharI paNa sAthosAtha sAmAnya manuSyothI zreSTha manuSyo sudhI sarvane saraLa ane bodhaka rahe che. kArya samudraya: - nAmaka paMDitazrI taraphathI nIkaLelA mAsika copAnIonI phAIlo (saM. 1932-33 tathA 1945-46) jovAthI bhASA ane zabda paranuM paMDitazrInuM sAmrAjaya niHsaMdeha siddha jaNAze. paMDitazrInI kavitvazakti : paMDitazrInI kavitvazakti evI to uttama hatI ke, kAlidAsa, bhavabhUti, bANa, mAgha, Adi aneka prAcIna prasiddha kavivaronI kavitA vAMcyAthI je prakarAntare rasa, upamA, artha, gaurava, padalAlitya, zleSa ityAdi camatkRti anubhavAya che. te sarva prakAranI camatkRti samagra rIte paMDitazrInI ekanI ja kavitAmAM anubhavAya che. uttama upamA mATe kavirAja kAlidAsanI kIrti digaMta prasarI che, bhAravInuM artha gaurava zreSTha manAyuM che ThaMDInuM padalAlitya prazaMsanIya thayuM che. tathA bANa zleSAlaMkAramAM prasiddha thayA che. tema bIjA kavionI sAhityanA bhinna bhinna vibhAgomAM nipuNatA jANavAmAM AvI che. paraMtu A sarva samuccaya karanArI rI. bhArata mArtaDa zIghrakavi paMDita zrI lAlajI ghanazyAmajI mahArAjanuM saMskRta sAhityamAM pradAna For Private and Personal Use Only

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zaktino khAsa nivAsa to spaSTa rIte ApaNA sarvataMtra svataMtra mahAnubhAva mahApaMDitazrImAM ja anubhavAto hato. - paMDitazrI avadhAna zakti: dareka kArya zarU ane saMtoSakAraka rIte karavAmAM mananI ekAgratA atyAvazyaka che. paMDitazrI galAlajI zatAvadhAnI ane zIghrakavi hatA. zatAvadhAna eTale so bAbata para ekI sAthe lakSa ApavuM te. zatAvadhAnanA ghaNA prakAra che. saMskRta, bIja, gujarAtI, marAThI vagere paMDitazrIne jANItI ja mAtra nahi, paNa temane kevaLa. ajANI evI aMgreja, phrenca, leTIna, grIka, phArasI, jarmana, ityAdi bhASAnA vakhata hoya te pramANe 5-10 ke tethI paNa vadhAre zabdanAM teTalAM ja ke tethI paNa vadhAre zabdanAM, teTalAM ja ke tethI vadhAre judAM judAM vAkyo zrotAo kAgaLa para lakhI rAkhe ane pachI potapotAnAM vAkyone game te eka zabda paMDitazrIne dareka pRcchaka taraphathI kahevAmAM Ave ema jeTalA gRhastha jeTalI bhASAnI pRcchA dhArI hoya te te bhASAnI pRcchAnA zabdomAMthI ekeka zabda game te kramamAM vArA pharatI kahetA pRccha ke lIdhelI vAkyanA sarva zabdo pUrA thAya ke tarata ja te te vAkya tathA jyAre sarva jaNanAM sarva vAkyo pUrA thAya tyAre te badhAM vAkyo eka sAthe barAbara, kramamAM, goThavIne paMDitajI bolI jatAM vaLI satAvadhAnanA cAlatA prasaMgamAM zighrakavitAnA prayogo paNa paMDitajI karatA. game te bAbata ke vastunuM varNana koI gRhastha pUche tene te ja samaye kavitAmAM kahI saMbhaLAvavuM tenuM nAma zIghrakavitA. avadhAnanA prayogamAM AjakAla keTalAye loko udyama karatAM jaNAya che. paraMtu paMDitazrInA avadhAna sAthe sarakhAvatAM sUrya pAse khadyota jeTalI paNa temanI gaNanA thaI zake tema nathI. paMDitazrInI zakti "sahastrAvadhAnI' kahevAthI paNa vizeSa camatkArika hatI. sabhAmAM avadhAnAdi ati vikaTa prasaMgo daramyAna ane ghaTIkAzatakAdi zIdhra kAvyaprayogo samaye paMDitazrIe zIgha karelI kavitAo paNa uparokta sarva camatkRtithI bharapUra ja hatI. saMskRtabhASAnI jema sarva prakAranI uttama camatkRtio paMDitazrI gujarAtI bhASAmAM paNa uttama rIte lAvI zakatA hatA. paMDitazrInA saMskRta, gujarAtIne vrajabhASAnI kavitA ukata camatkRtithI bharapUra che. ati kaThina prakAranI asaMbaMdha samasyA pUrti mATe gujarAtImAM te advitIya hatA ja. eka batrIsa khAnAnuM koSTaka banAvIne sabhAjano temAM krama vagara, ekeka akSara pUrAve ane chello akSara paMDitazrI pUrAvethI mAgelA rasa, alaMkAra ke varNanavALI kavitA banI jAya. e gujarAtI sAhityamAM kavirAjanuM eka udAharaNa che. paMDitajIe jAherasabhAomAM evA prayogo paNa karyA che ke, game te nAnA ke moTA saMskRta ke gujarAtI zloka je vrata ane je zabdomAM alaMkArayukta hoya te ja vrata ane alaMkArAdi kAyama rAkhIne tenA arthamAM pheraphAra na thAya tema te zlokanuM temAM nahi vAparelA evA bIjA zabdomAM zIdhra parivartana karI ApatA. | eka advitIya kavirAja hatA. temanI kavitvazakti agAdha hatI. teonI jyAre ati camatkRtiyukta rasAlaMkArathI bharapUra apratima kavitA zrotAjanamAM AnaMdAzcarya utpanna karatI tyAre teo kahetA ke, zreSTha kavipada dhArInI kharI parIkSA te uttama kavitA kare temAM nathI kAraNa ke zreSTha kavipada dhAraNa karyuM tyArathI uttama kavitA AvaDe te kaMI Azcarya nathI. paraMtu zreSTha kavipadadhArInI kharI parIkSA to tenA gadyAtmaka uttama lekha parathI thaI zake che. tenI puSTimAM teo kahetA ke, mAM #vinAM niSa vata arthAta gadya lakhavuM te kavinI kasoTI che. teonuM saMskRta jJAna evuM samartha hatuM ke, Akho graMtha gadyapadyAtmaka paNa dviarthI racI zakatA ane tenI mArmika racanAthI paMDitazrInI graMthakAra tarIkenI ati ananya sAmAnya zakti hatI ema kahI zakAya. Gajetier of India mAM paMDitazrI galAla vize A pramANe mAhitI maLe che : 92 sAmIpya : pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Pandit Gatulal (1845-1898 A.D.) though born in Kota (Rajasthan) lived in Junagadh since his childhood. Though he had lost his eye sight at the age of nine years, he wrote several works in his tender age which included Yamuna Laheri, Rukshmani Champu, Vedant Chintamani etc. He has also written a number of verses in Sanskrit, Hindi and Gujarati. His Kansvadh Kavya and Keishnabhisar Kavya are specimens of his extempor poetry. A Great devotee of Pushtimargiya Vaishnovist, he has contributed to the litrature of that sect. He lived in Bombay in the later part of his life. Where he was conferred the honour of Bharat Martand." 1981 mAM galAlajIe potAnA kAvyono saMgraha "zubhASitalaharI' zIrSaka heThaLa graMthasvarUpe prakAzita karyo che. tenuM avalokana te samaye prakAzita "sudarzana' mAsikamAM A pramANe Apela che : prakhyAta vedAMta bhaTTAcArya bhAratamArtaDa zIghra kavizrI gaDhulAlajI kRta kAvyono A graMthamAM saMgraha karIne chapAvavAnuM kAma karI prasiddha kartAe gujarAtI vAcaka vargane upakAra karyo che. e kAvyo vize kaMI kaMI bolavAnI jarUra nathI. paNa pratyeka gRhastha potAnA pustakAlayamAM e graMtha rAkhavA yogya che." 'subhASitalaharI' graMthanI prastAvanAmAMthI kavizrI galAlajI vize maLatI mAhitI pramANe "Aryasudharmodaya' sabhA je muMbaImAM cAle che tenI sthApanA A paMDitajInA hAthe thaI che. kalakattA, baMgALa tathA dilhInA vidvAnavarge kavinI asAdhAraNa zakti ane vidvattAthI prasanna thaI "bhAratamADa'no khitAba Apyo che ne te agAu vallabha saMpradAyanA nAthadvAravALA TIkAta mahArAjazrI govardhanalAlazrIe, muMbaInI navI kApaDa bajAranA hola para jaMgI sabhA bharIne "vedAMta bhaTTAcAryano khitAba enAyata karyo."4 paMDitazrInI vyAkhyAna ApavAnI paddhati anupama ja hatI. te apUrva vidvAna chatAM na samajAya tevo prasaMga vyAkhyAnamAM Avato ja nahi ane loko hAsya, karaNa, vIra, zAntAdi rasanA prasaMgocita cAlatA rasapravAhamAM tadAkAra thaI jatA hatA. teNe sabhAsthAna alaMkRta karyA pachI game tevo Akara viSaya sabhA taraphathI sUcita thato ke turata te viSaya para saMskRta, marAThI, gujarAtI vraja ke hindusthanI bhASAmAM eka sarakhI rIte akhkhalita vAkadhArAthI vyAkhyAna karI zakatA hatA. jUnAgaDha ke je paMDitajInuM prAcIna sthAna hatuM tyAMnA lokone vyAkhyAnanA varSAdathI tRpta karatA teo aharniza tatpara ja rahetA. paMDitazrIne aneka padavI prApta thaI che. jemake, zIghrakavi, zatAvadhAnI, prasiddha paMDita, bhArata mArtaDa, vedAMta bhaTTAcArya vagere A sivAya bharatakhaMDanA aneka bhavya sthaLonA prasiddha puruSoe paMDitazrIne yazocita satkAra karI je apUrva "mAnapatro' bheTa karelAM che te temanI vidvattAno paricaya Ape che. pAdaTIpa 2. gaThThalAlajI; saduparezArtaH; prastAvanA - mR. 1 thI 30, prakAzaka : vidyAvilAsa sabhA, jUnAgaDha, se. 1955, I.sa. 1899. 2. gaphUlAlajI; subhASita laharI; nirNaya sAgara presa. Gazeter of India, Guj. State, Junagadh District, Chief easitor, Dr. S.B. Rajyagor A'bd, 1975, Page 715 to 722 4. subhASitalaharI; gardUlAlajI; nirNayasAgara presa, muMbaI, prApti jUnAgaDha jillA daphatara bhaMDAra; 1890, jUnAgaDha. bhArata mArtaDa zIghrakavi paMDita zrI galAlajI ghanazyAmajI mahArAjanuM saMskRta sAhityamAM pradAna For Private and Personal Use Only

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zrIkRSNakumArAbhyudayam - eka abhyAsa DaoN. bihAga jozI* saMskRta sAhityamAM saurASTrapradezanuM yogadAna dhyAnArha che. prAcInakALathI laIne aghAvidha saurASTramAM saMskRta sAhitya sarjananI pravRtti cAlI rahI che. A sarjakoe sAhityanA vividha prakAromAM potAnI kAvyabAnI racI che. paraMtu sAhityanA tamAma prakAromAM nATaka sauthI vadhAre lokapriya rahyuM che, tenuM kAraNa kAlidAsa noMdhe che tema svataH spaSTa che, 'nATya minnarutternanasya vadudhAgye samArAdham / ' Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir saMskRta sAhitya sarjananI paraMparA AjasudhI avicchinnapaNe cAlu rahI che temAM kyAMka rAjyAzraya, kyAMka kavino saMskRtaprema to kyAMka prasaMgavizeSo nimittabhUta banyA che. saurASTranA Adhunika saMskRta nATyakAra tarIke morabInA zIghrakavi AcArya zrI zaMkaralAla mAhezvara bhaTTanuM pradAna mahattvanuM banI rahe che. A uparAMta saurASTranA anya nATyakAroe paNa saMskRta nATyavADmayane samRddha banAvyuM che. dezI rajavADAMonA samayamAM bhAvanagara saurASTranA agragaNya nagaromAMnuM eka hatuM. tenA sUryavaMzI gohelakuLanA rAjAo prajAvatsala ane guNagrAhI hatA. kalA ane sAhityane yogya protsAhana maLatuM tema ja rAjyAzraya paNa maLato hato. I.sa. 1802mAM, saMskRta nATaka indriyasaMvAdanATakanA kartA zrI goviMdajI rAmajI bhaTTane kumAra zrI vijayasiMhajIe bhAvanagaramAM rAjyAzraya Apyo hato. paraMtu atre A lekhamAM bhAvanagaranA ja anya eka nATyakAra zrI karuNAzaMkara prabhujI pAThakanI nATyakRti zrIkRSNakumArAbhyudayam chAyAnATakanA abhyAsano upakrama rAkhyo che. 3 cAra aMka dharAvatuM A nATaka bhAvanagaranA rAjavI zrI kRSNakumArasiMhajInA janma nimitte racAyuM che. A nATakano ullekha zrI vAsudeva pAThake 'gujarAtanA saMskRta nATyakAro'mAM karyo che ane vigatavAra paricaya Apyo che. nATakanuM zIrSaka batAve che tema emAM kumArano janmotsava ja kendramAM rahyo che. pAtro kAlpanika che paNa nirUpita prasaMgavizeSa aitihAsika che. samagra nATaka daramyAna lekhakano bhAvodreka vartAyA kare che. tenuM kathAvastu A pramANe che. AraMbhe, nAndI svarUpe traNa zlokomAM guru, hira tathA vAndevInI stuti karI che. pachI tarata ja kalyANa rAgamAM, zivanI stuti karatuM, maMgalagIta mUkyuM che. nAndInA aMte sUtradhAra ane naTIno saMvAda racAya che. temAM naTI jaNAve che ke, kumAranA janma pahelAM ja lakhAyelA zrI kRSNakumArAbhyudayam nATakano prayoga prasaMgocita raheze. sUtradhAra paNa naTI sAthe sammata thAya che. prathama aMkanA ughADanI sAthe, dharmasUtranA vyAkhyAna mATe, kulaguru zrI sadAnaMda bhaTTane bolAvavA gayelA dharmapAlanI pratIkSA karatA nagarazeTha lakSmIdhara praveza kare che. tyAM dharmapAla AvIne jaNAve che ke guru Aje potAnA bAlamitra mukuMda zAstrInA ghare javAnA hovAthI dharmasUtronuM vyAkhyAna karavA AvI zakaze nahIM. 94 e pachI lakSmIdhara, adhyayana ane adhyApanamAM rata rahetA ane nitya sAyaMkALe vidyAvinoda karatA zrIkaMTha, sadAnaMda, mukuMda ane gaMgAdhara e cAra mitrono paricaya ApI potAnI dukAna tarapha jAya che. have, manamAM Azcarya ane AnaMdanI mizra lAgaNI anubhavatA sadAnaMdano praveza thAya che. Akasmika * adhyakSa, saMskRta vibhAga, bahAuddIna vinayana kaoNleja, jUnAgaDha sAmIpya : pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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utpanna thayelo AnaMda, sadAnaMdane mitrane maLavA utAvaLa karAve che. cAre tarapha najara karatA, prakRtimAM paNa parivartana jaNAya che. vRkSa para beThelAM pakSIonI madhura bolI kaMIka zubha sUcavatI jaNAya che. AthI Aje koI moTo udaya hovo joIe ema anumAna karI, AnaMdanuM kAraNa jANavA mitra mukuMda zAstrInA ghara tarapha jAya che. sukhAsanamAM beThelA ane pustaka vAMcatA mukaMda zAstrI praveza kare che. tenuM mana paNa Aje Akasmika AnaMda anubhave che. daramyAna sadAnaMda Ave che. baMne mitro maLe che ane Akasmika utpanna thayelA AnaMdanI paraspara carcA kare che. tyAM nepathyamAMthI koI avAja saMbhaLAya che. sadAnaMda mitra gaMgAdharanA avAjane oLakhI jAya che. gaMgAdhara AvIne jaNAve che ke rANI zrI naMdakuMvarabAe prAta:kALamAM kumArazrIne janma Apyo che. zubha avasarane vadhAvavA gheraghera utsavonA Ayojana thaI rahyA che. baMdIvAnone mukta karAyA che. sarvatra AnaMdamaMgaLa pravarte che. mukuMda ane sadAnaMda harSavibhora thaI UThe che. prajAjanonA janmajanmAMtaronAM sukRtonA pariNAmarUpa maLelA kumAranA janma nimitte traNa mitro paraspara AliMgana ApI ekabIjAne abhinaMde che. sadAnaMda, pazupakSI tathA vRkSomAM pravartatA AnaMdane eka gIta dvArA rajU kare che. samagra vAtAvaraNa ullasita che. zive karelI A kRpAthI upakRta banelA traNe mitro gIta dvArA zaMkaranuM stavana kare che. ane priya mitra zrIkaMThane A vRttAMta jaNAvavA tenA ghara tarapha traNe prayANa kare che. ahIM prathama aMka pUro thAya che. bIjA aMkanA prAraMbhe traNe mitro zrIkaMTha zAstrInA ghera AvI pahoMce che. zrIkaMThano ziSya ciMtAmaNi traNene praveza karAve che. zrIkaMTha zAstrI zayanakakSamAM ArAma karI rahyA che. tethI traNa mitro zrIkaMThanA jAgavAnI rAha jotA bese che. tyAM to zrIkaMTha svapnAvasthAmAM ja potAnA AzrayadAtA rAjavI bhAvasiMhajI ane maMtrI zrI prabhAzaMkaranI kAvyamaya prazasti kare che ane rAjagRhe kumArajanmanI kAmanA kare che. thoDI kSaNo pachI, pharI nidrAmAM ja rAjAnI prazaMsA karatA ane prajAkalyANArthe dhIra ane tejasvI kumArajanmanI kAmanA vyakta karatA AzIrvAdAtmaka zloka bole che. pAse baThelA traNe mitro, zrIkaMThanA rAjA paranA nirmaLapremanI prazaMsA kare che ane rAjA bhAvasiMhajIe karelA prajAkalyANanA kAryonI vistArapUrvaka carcA kare che. daramyAna zrIkaMTha zAstrI jAge che ane mitrone joIne prasanna thAya che. mitro vAtoe vaLage che. zrIkaMTha svapnamAM joyelI sabhAnI vAta AraMbhe che. pote paNa AmaMtraNa hovAthI A sabhAmAM upasthita che. A sabhAmAM bhAvasiMhajIne briTiza sarakAra dvArA ke.sI.esa.AI. khitAba prApta thayo. A prasaMga nimitte gavAyeluM gIta teo gAya saMbhaLAve che. kuzaLa vaktAonA pravacana pachI teo paNa rAjA tathA rANI zrImatI naMdakuMvarabAne AzIrvacanathI vadhAve che. ahIM svapnavRttAMta pUro thAya che. svapnamAM zuddha hRdayathI vyakta karelI abhilASA pUrNa thaI che. ema jaNAvI mitro kumArajanmanA samAcAra Ape che. zrIkaMTha vi.saM. 1968 jeTha suda trIjanI janmatithine uttama gaNAve che ane potAnA ziSyone bALalIlAnI kavitAo racavAnI mitro dvArA AjJA Ape che. pote gohilonA kuLadevInA maMdire bhagavatInI stuti karavA jAya che ane mitrone potAnA ziSyavarga sAthe tarata ja tyAM pahoMcavA jaNAve che. trIjA aMkanI zarUAtamAM bhaktajano, ziSyo sahita brahmacArI zivAnaMda tathA nitya durgApATha karanAra aMbikAdara gohilonA kuLadevI bhagavatInI AratI kare che. AratI pUrI thatA, bhAvasiMhajInA ghare putrajanmanI mAnatA karanArA nagarajanonA manoratha pUrNa thatA nagarajano yathAzakti aneka vastuo bhagavatIne nivedita kare zrIkRSNakumArAvyudayamuM - eka abhyAsa 5 For Private and Personal Use Only

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che. nagarazeTha hajAra brAhmaNone bhojana karAvavA icche che. zivAnaMda badhI ja javAbadArI svIkArI le che. tyArabAda, nimaMtrelA brAhmaNo potAnA bALako sAthe AvI pahoMce che. bhojana-samAraMbha zarU thAya che. daramyAna dUta Ave che ane ghatapriya nAmanA brAhmaNane teno putra tAvathI pIDAto hoya jaldI ghare AvavA kahe che. paraMtu bhojanapriya brAhmaNa vAta kAne dharato nathI. bhojanathI saMtuSTa brAhmaNo yajamAna pAse moTI dakSiNAnI mAgaNI kare che. aMbikAdatta brAhmaNonI A parAjA lAlasA tathA yAcakavRttine niMde che. ane abhaNa brAhmaNone temanA saMtAnone zikSita karavA mATe upadeza Ape che. teo bhaNaze to tenA dvArA udarapUrti to saraLatAthI thaze. thoDI carcA bAda brAhmaNo potAnAM saMtAnone saMskRta pAThazALAmAM mokalavA taiyAra thAya che. cothA aMkano prAraMbha thatA ja zrIkaMTha vagere paMDito bhagavatInA maMdiramAM AvI gayA che. te sarve ekatrita thaIne gohilonA kuLadevI bhagavatInI stuti kare che. eTalAmAM gaMgAdhara zrIkaMThanA ziSyone laIne AvI pahoMce che. zrIkaMTha zAstrInI AjJAthI ziSyo kavitAo racIne AvyA che. gurunI AjJA thatA ciMtAmaNi nAmano ziSya potAnI kavitA saMbhaLAve che. gaMgAdhara vagere paMDito ciMtAmaNinI prazaMsA kare che. ciMtAmaNinuM kAvyapaThana pharI AgaLa cAle che. mukuMda ane gaMgAdharane temAM koI doSa jaNAtA baMne hase che. ciMtAmaNi khIjAya che ane potAnI racanAne nirdoSa pUravAra kare che. paMDito tenA kavitvakauzalathI prasanna thAya che. e pachI anya ziSyo potAnI racanA prathama saMbhaLAvavA paraspara kalaha mAMDI bese che. chevaTe sAdanaMdanI daramyAnagIrIthI vAta thALe paDe che. pachI bAkInA ziSyo pota-potAnI racanAo rajU kare che. tyAM ja mukuMda zAstrInA ziSyo Ave che ane kumAranA janma nimitte mArgamAM joyelA vividha tamAzAonuM varNana kare che. anya ziSyo te sAMbhaLI jovA javA utsuka bane che. paNa ciMtAmaNi badhAne rokI rAkhe che. mukuMdanI AjJAthI tenA ziSyo paNa potAnA kAvyo gAI saMbhaLAve che. svaramAdhuryanI bAbatamAM vivAda thAya che. bhatrIjAe karelA avivekathI gaMgAdhara gusse thAya che ane pote paNa kAvya racavA tatpara bane che. tenuM kAvya joI sadAnaMda prasannatA vyakta kare che. e pachI badhA ja, gaMgAdhare racelI kavitA dvArA rAjA, rANI ane kumAra mATe zubhakAmanAo vyakta kare che ane ahIM nATaka pUruM thAya che. lekhaka bhAvanagaranI juvAnasiMhajI saMskRta pAThazALAnA AcArya hatA. AthI temano saMskRta prema sahaja che. samAjamAM saMskRtanI sthiti teo jANe che. sAMprata samAjanA loko mATe prAcIna saMskRta kavionI racanA durbodha banI rahI che. AthI teo prastAvanAmAM noMdhe che tema lokonA vinoda mATe temaja hAIskUla tathA saMskRta pAThazALAmAM bhaNatA vidyArthIo mATe saraLabhASAmAM kAvya racavA prerAyA che.' nATakanuM vastu sAmAnya che. saMvidhAna jevuM paNa kaMI khAsa jaNAtuM nathI. kumArajanmotsava, bhAvasiMhajInA prajAhitanA kAryo ane zikSaNajAgRti - A traNa muddA A nATakamAM AvarI levAmAM AvyA che. nATyasiddhAMta pramANe to pradhAna phaLa prApta karanAra pAtra nAyaka kahevAya che. e nyAye, putrarUpI phaLa prApta karatA bhAvasiMhajIne nAyaka mAnI zakIe. paraMtu nATakamAM pAtra tarIke eka paNa vakhata raMgamaMca para AvatA nathI. AthI temane nAyaka mAnavA ke kema ? Ama ahIM nATakanA nAyakano prazna sarjAya che. rAjagRhe putraratna avataratA prajAne isita manorathanI prApti thaI che. A AnaMda samagra nATaka daramyAna varatAya che. AthI nATakano aMgIrasa harSAdithI utpanna 'AnaMda' rasa che. nATyazAstra pramANe A addabhuta rasano ja eka bheda che. A sivAya brAhmaNonI bhojanapriyatA ane ziSyonA kalahamAM hAsyarasa temaja bhaktonI AratImAM zAMta rasa che. prathama aMkamAM kumArajanmanA samAcAra apAya che. teno ullekha samagra nATakamAM vAraMvAra Ave che. A 86 sAmIpya : pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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aMkamAM traNa dazya Ave che. bIjA dRzyamAM to eka ja saMvAda che ane te paNa svagata. ahIM dRzyo jhaDapathI badalAya che. AthI maMcananI dRSTie prathama aMka digdarzakanI parIkSA karanAro che. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir bIjA aMkamAM eka ja dazya che. sadAnaMda vagere mitro zrIkaMThano kumArajanmanA samAcAra ApavA tenA ghera ekatrita thAya che. koI vizeSa ghaTanA sarjAtI nathI. A aMkamAM vizeSataH bhAvasiMhajInI prazasti tathA temaNe karelA janahitanA kAryonuM nirUpaNa karyuM che. ahIM apAyelI vigato aitihAsika dRSTie noMdhanIya che. trIjA aMkanI samagra ghaTanA gohilonA kuLadevInA maMdiramAM AkAra le che. A aMka nATakathI svataMtra rIte bhajavavAmAM Ave to paNa kathAtaMtunA sAtatyano prazna upasthita thAya tema nathI. ahIM mukhyatayA kALakrame brAhmaNomAM pravezelA lAlaca, nirakSaratA, khAvAno lobha vagere durguNone kAraNe, brAhmaNonI thayelI avanati ane AthI anubhavAtI vedanAne AlekhI che. A durdazAnuM kAraNa nirakSaratA. AthI aMbikAdatta brAhmaNone zikSaNanuM mUlya samajAve che. ane temanA saMtAnone zikSita banAvavA upadeza Ape che. A aMkamAM zikSaNajAgRti kendrasthAne che. bIjA aMkano kathAtaMtu ahIM cothA aMka sAthe pharI joDAya che. trIjA aMkanI jema ahIM paNa sthaLa kuLadevInuM maMdira ja che. vyAkaraNazAstra temaja sAhityazAstranA keTalAka muddAonI carcA saMvAdarUpe Ave che. je nATaka mATe binajarUrI che. ziSyono kalaha kRtaka lAge che. vIrezvare kareluM vividha khelonuM varNana paNa laMbAI gayuM che. Ama A kRti vizeSa nATyatattva dharAvatI nathI. AthI abhinayano koI vizeSa avakAza paNa raheto nathI. A nATaka bhajavAyuM hoya tevA koI nirdezo prApta thatA nathI. alabatta, maMcananA uddezathI nATyakAre nATaka lakhyuM ja nathI. A nATakanuM prayojana, teo prastAvanAmAM noMdhe che tema mAtra vidyAvinoda ja che. nATakamAM cAra gIto ane be AratI mUkavAmAM AvI che. gItonuM svaraniyojana ka2vA mATe nATyakAre kalyANa, siMhAnA kAnarA (zahAnA kAnaDA), AzAvarI, mAlakauMsa, bihAga, dhanAzrI, indrasabhA (darabArI ?) jevA prasiddha rAgono nirdeza paNa karyo che. eka AratIno DhALa paraMparita che. nATyakAra nATakane chAyAnATaka saMjJA Ape che. A saMjJA saMskRta sAhityamAM vivAdAspada rahI che. A rUpaka prakAranuM pravartana madhyayugamAM eTale ke Azare pahelI sahasrAbdI pachI 12 ke 13 thI 16-17mI sadI daramyAna thayuM hoya tema lAge che. madhyakALa pachI paNa chAyAnATakonI racanA thatI rahI che. aDhAramI ane ogaNIsamI sadImAM paNa keTalAMka saMskRta chAyAnATako maLe che. DaoN. rAmajI upAdhyAye temanA 'Adhuni saMskRta nATa' graMthamAM chAyAnATakonI carcA karI che. A saMjJAne nATyazAstrIya graMthono AdhAra maLato nathI. AthI vidvAnoe chAyAnATaka zabdanA vividha artho ApI tenA svarUpane samajAvavAno prayatna karyo che. DaoN. rAmajI upAdhyAya maMcananI dRSTie chAyAnATakanA pAMca prakAro mAne che. zrIkRSNakumArAbhyudayam - eka abhyAsa (1) mAyA dvArA pramukha pAtranI pratikRtinuM raMgamaMca para Ayojana karavAmAM Ave ane abhinaya daramyAna prekSako mULa pAtrane ane pratikRtine abhinna samaje. (2) raMgamaMca para pramukha pAtranuM pratirUpa pUtaLA dvArA sthApita karavuM. (3) pramukhapAtranuM abhinayAtmaka pratirUpa raMgamaMca para citra dvArA rajU karavuM. (4) koI eka pAtrano anya pAtromAM hRdayAnupraveza. For Private and Personal Use Only 97

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(5) pazuno mukhavaTo dhAraNa karIne abhinaya karavo. Ama, chAyAnATakanA vividha prakAro darzAvavAnuM kAraNa e che ke koI eka chAyAnATakanA AdhAre tAravelAM lakSaNo anya chAyAnATakamAM prApta thatAM nathI. AthI chAyAnATakanuM cokkasa svarUpa nakkI karavuM muzkela che. uparyukta lakSaNo zrI kRSNakumArAvyudayamune lAgu karI zakAya tema nathI. vaLI, nATyakAra A saMjJA vize kaMI spaSTatA karatA nathI. nATakanA prAraMbhe, nATyakAranA samakAlIna, pro. je.je.kaNiyA noMdhe che ke prAcIna nATakanAM aMgopAMgono samAveza nahi hovAthI AnuM nAma chAyAnATaka rAkhavAmAM AvyuM che te ucita che. temanA A abhiprAya saMdarbhe nATyakAra mauna che. AthI ema mAnI zakAya ke teo paNa A abhiprAya sAthe sammata che. zrI kRSNakumArAvyudayamunA svarUpane tapAsIe to saMskRta nATakamAM prAyaH jovA maLatA keTalAMka lakSaNono AmAM bilakula cheda UDI gayo che. AgaLa noMdhyuM che tema A nATakamAM nATakano prazna che. khala pAtrano paNa abhAva che. ahIM nATaka mATe jarUrI saMgharSa ja soto nathI. vidUSakano abhAva che. prAkRtano prayoga paNa karavAmAM Avyo nathI. pagho jarUra pUratAM che ane e paNa saMvAda svarUpe jaNAtAM nathI. paghomAM mukhyatve rAjAnI prazasti ja karavAmAM AvI che. cothA aMkamAM je padyo Ave che te to kavitA svarUpe ja AvyAM che, saMvAda banatAM ja nathI. saMvAdo ghaNuM karIne gadyamAM ja cAle che. nATakomAM hoya tema jarUrI raMgasUcano Ave che. AthI kRtimAM nATakanuM samarUpatva jaLavAyuM che. Ama, zrIkRSNakumArAvyudaya nATaka nahIM, paNa nATakanA svarUpanI chAyA dharAvatuM, chAyAnATaka che. saMdarbha sUci 1. jozI, puruSottama ha., "svAdhyAya'pR. 34, aMka 1-4, dIpotsavI, navembara-96, ogasTa-'97, pR. 199 2. pAThaka, karuNAzaMkara prabhujI, "zrIkRSNakumArAvyudayam', I.sa. 1913nI AvRtti, bhAvanagara. 3. pAThaka, DaoN. vAsudeva vi., "gujarAtanA saMskRta nATyakAro', yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa, 1996, prathama AvRtti. 4. pAThaka, karuNAzaMkara prabhujI, "zrIkRSNakumArAvyudaya, I.sa. 1913nI AvRtti, bhAvanagara, pR. 1 divyazcAnandajazcaiva dvidhA khyAto'dbhuto rasaH / divyadarzanato divyo harSAdAnandajaH smRtaH // 6/83 zukla, zrI bAbulAla, nATyazAstram', caukhaMbA saMskRta saMsthAna, 1984, dvitIya saMskaraNa, pR. 349 6. De, DaoN. esa. ke., "e hIsTarI oNva saMskRta lITarecara', vaoNlyuma-I, 1962, dvitIya saMskaraNa, pR. 501, pAdaTIpa-2 7. upAdhyAya, DaoN. rAmajI, "nATyazAstrIya-prayogavijJAnam', bhAratIya saMskRti saMsthAnam, alhAbAda, 1981, prathama saMskaraNa, pR. 81 8. pAThaka, karuNAzaMkara prabhujI, "zrIkRSNakumArAvyudayam', I.sa. 1913nI AvRtti, bhAvanagara, pR. 6 sAmIpya : 5. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe. 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra pAvanatIrtha prabhAsa DaoN. hariprasAda gaM. zAstrI* saurASTramAM moTAMnAnAM aneka tIrtha AvelAM che. emAM be tIrtha evuM agrima sthAna dharAve che ke bahArathI AvatA mulAkAtIo enI mulAkAta levA utkaTa icchA dharAve. eka che dvArakA ane bIjuM che prabhAsa. dvArakA vaiSNava tIrtha che, jyAre prabhAsa to aneka dharmasaMpradAyonuM pAvana tIrtha che. prabhAsa tIrtha mULamAM sUrya upAsanAnuM ghotaka hatuM evuM manAya che. zrIkRSNa vAsudevanA samayamAM yAdavo mathurAthI sthaLAMtara karI saurASTramAM vasyA tyArathI tyAM purAtana kuzasthalI nagarI dvAravatI-dvArakA tarIke navanirmANa pAmI. yAdavakulanI sarvazAkhAonA yAdavo ahIM vasyA. zrIkRSNanA jIvananA aMtabhAgamAM dvArakA para samudranAM nIra pharI vaLyAM, dvArakA verAna thaI gaI, paraMtu thoDA samayamAM tyAM dvArakAdhIza zrIkRSNanuM mahAmaMdira baMdhAyuM evI anuzruti che. hAlanuM jagatamaMdira tyAMnA bhavya maMdiranI pratIti karAve che. zrIkRSNa vAsudeve pAMDavonA abhyudayamAM mahattvanuM yogadAna ApyuM ne dvArakAnuM rakSaNa karyuM. bhagavadgItA e zrIkRSNanuM amUlya pradAna che. zrIkRSNanI jIvana lIlAnA aMtabhAgamA, yAdavo madonmatta banI gayA, tyAre zrIkRSNe jANe pRthvI 52no bhAra haLavo karavA teone prabhAsa javA preryA. daramiyAna piMDAraka tIrthamAM yAdava kumAro muniono upahAsa karavA gayA, tyAre munioe tyAM yAdavakuLano saMhAra kare tevuM lokhaMDanuM musaLa utpanna karyuM. rAjA ugrasene e musaLanA cUrA karAvI nAkhyA, tyAre tenA zeSa rahelA TukaDAne mAchaluM gaLI gayuM ne musaLano bhUko samudramAM ghasaDAI prabhAsa pAse erakA nAme ghAsarUpe UgI nIkaLyo. AvI anuzruti zrImad bhAgavata purANanA ekAdaza skaMdhanA adhyAyamAM ApI che. A skaMdhanA adhyAya naM. 302 mAM jaNAvyuM che ke dvArakAmAM moTA utpanna thatAM zrIkRSNanI salAhathI yAdavo dvArakAthI prabhAsa gayA, jyAM pazcima tarapha vahetI sarasvatI nadI mahimA dharAvatI hatI. prabhAsamAM yAdavo maireya nAme madirA pI madonmatta banyA ne vividha Ayudho vaDe Apasa-ApasamAM laDhavA lAgyA. pradyumna ane sAMba, akrUra ane kRtavarmA, aniruddha ane sAtyaki, subhadra ane saMgrAmajita (moTo) gada ane (nAno) gada, sumitra ane suratha sAmasAmA AvI gayA, bIjA aneka yAdavo paNa ema karavA lAgyA. dAzArha, vRSNi, aMdhaka, bhoja, sAtvata, madhu, kunnura vagere sarva zAkhAonA yAdavo paraspara laDhavA lAgyA. Ayudho khUTI jatAM teo eraka ghAsane muThThIthI pakaDI prahAra karavA lAgyA. teoe zrIkRSNa ane baladeva para paNa prahAra karyo. Akhare baLarAme samudrataTe yogano Azraya laI dehatyAga karyo. pipaLAnA vRkSa pAse jamIna para beThelA zrIkRSNane bhUlathI mRga samajI 'jarA' nAme pAradhie vIMdhI nAkhyA, eTalAmAM dAruka nAme sArathi tyAM AvI pahoMcyo, zrIkRSNe ene dvArakA jaI tyAM rahelA vRddha yAdavo tathA strIo ane bALakone sAvadha karI dvArakA tajI arjuna sAthe indraprastha jatA rahevA sUcavyuM. ekAdaza skaMdhanA aMtima adhyAya naM. 31 mAM zrIkRSNa martyaloka tajI svadhAma padhAryA. dvArakAmAM A sarva duHkhada samAcAra maLatAM sarva svajano prabhAsa jaI pahoMcyA. devakI, rohiNI ane vasudeve prANa tajI dIdhA strIoe agni praveza karyo. arjune e sarvanI piMDodaka kriyA karI. Ama prabhAsamAM dvArakAnI aneka agraNI * nivRtta niyAmaka, bho.je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda pAvanatIrtha prabhAsa For Private and Personal Use Only 99

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vyaktioe dehatyAga karyo. e sahu A pAvanatIrthamAM sadgati pAmyAM. ahIM zIrSakothI zrIkRSNa vAsudevanA dehotsarganA pAvanatIrthanI smRti sacavAI rahI che. zrIkRSNano janma mahuratyAM, nivAsa gokula-vraja ane dvArakAmAM, paNa dehotsarga prabhAsa tIrthamAM, AthI prabhAsane vaiSNava tIrtha tarIke apAra mahimA prApta thayo. ahIM kevaLa zrIkRSNano nahi, balarAma ane anekAneka anya nAmAMkita yAdavono dehotsarga thayo che. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir A che prabhAsa tIrthano Adya-aitihAsika kAlano paurANika vRttAMta. jaina anuzruti paNa Ane samarthana Ape che. alabatta, e saurASTramAM zatruMjya ane giranAra parvata paranAM tIrthone savizeSa mahattva Ape che. paraMtu dvArakA ane prabhAsane paNa ThIka ThIka mahattva Ape che. vasudevanA moTA bhAI samudra vijayanA putra nemikumA2 neminAtha nAme tIrthaMkara thayA, taonA parivAra paNa dvArakAmAM vasatA hatA. * * * purANo prabhAsano zaiva tIrtha tarIke apAra mahimA gAya che. skaMda purANamAM to 'prabhAsakhaMDa' nAme eka viziSTa khaMDa apAyo che emAM prabhAsa tIrthanI utpatti, some (candra) A sthAnamAM karelI tapazcaryA ane zivanI ArAdhanAnA kAraNe ahIM thayela somezvara (somanAtha)nI sthApanAne lagatA paurANika vRttAMta nirUpAyA che. uparAMta A tIrthakSetramAM AvelAM seMkaDo tIrthonuM mAhAtmya darzAvyuM che. prabhAsane zaiva tIrtha tarIke avanavuM mahattva ApyuM che enA A somezvara (somanAtha) maMdire. anuzruti anusAra ahIM soma athavA somazarmA nAme brAhmaNe soma siddhAMta pravartAvelo. rudrano 27mo avatAra manAtA e mahAnubhAva isavI sananI pahelI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM thayA lAge che. prabhAsamAM zivaliMganI 'somezvara' nAme thayelI sthApanA A somezvarane AbhArI haze. pachI bhagavAna zivanA 28 mo avatAra manAtA bhagavAna lakulIze gujarAtamAM pAzupata saMpradAya pravartAvyo. prabhAsamAM pazupata saMpradAya zatako sudhI prabaLa rahyo. aitihAsika dRSTie joIe, to zairyadharma ahIM kSatrapa kAlathI lokapriya hato. guptakAlamAM bhAgavata saMpradAya paNa prasaryo. maitraka kAlamAM vallabhInA maitraka vaMzanA rAjAo parama mAhezvara hatA. pachI ahIM je purAtattvIya utkhanana thayuM temAM kumArapAla solaMkInA samayanA maMdiranA khaMDeramAM sahuthI nIce je prAcIna maMdiranA avazeSa maLelA, te 8 mI sadInA jaNAtAM ahIM pAyANanuM prAcInatama maMdira maitraka kAlanA aMtabhAgamAM baMdhAyuM hovAnuM mAlUma paDyuM che. 100 prabhAsanA A suprasiddha maMdirano vidharmIo dvArA aneka vAra dhvaMsa thayo ne bhAvika upAsako dvArA enuM vAraMvAra navanirmANa thatuM rahyuM. I.sa. 1026 nA AraMbhamAM A maMdirano mahamUda gajhanavInA hAthe dhvaMsa thayo, e pachI bhIyadeva 1 lAe tyAM navuM pASANa-maMdira baMdhAvyu. thoDA samayamAM e jIrNa thatAM I.sa. 1169 mAM kumArapAle enuM navanirmANa karyuM. e meru-prAsAda hato. bhImadeva 2 jAe A maMdiranI AgaLa meghadhvani nAme maMDapa umerAvyo. e maMDapanI uttare sAraMgadevanA samayamAM tripurAntake pAMca devAlaya ane kIrtitoraNa racAvyA. solaMkIkAla suvarNakAla gaNAya che. solaMkI rAjAo paNa parama mAhezvara hatA. abhilekhomAM ghaNA kharA rAjAone 'umApativaralabdha prasAda' kahyA che. solaMkI kAlanA somanAtha maMdiramAM garbhagRha, pradakSiNA-patha, gUDhamaMDapa, raMgamaMDapa ane kIrtitoraNono samAveza thayo ne enA vizALa prAMgaNane pharato koTa hato. enA utkhananamAM prApta thayela mUrtizilpo tathA zilpakhaMDo tyAMnA sthAnika myujhiyamamAM sacavAyela che. kumArapAlanA samayanA maMdirano I.sa. 1299 mAM dhvaMsa thayo. e pachI jUnAgaDhanA rA'kheMgAra 4 thAe enI suMdara marAmata karAvI. paraMtu saltanata kAlamAM e maMdirano dhvaMsa thayA karyo. I.sa. 1451 mAM rA' mAMDalika 3 jAe somanAthamaMdirane samarAvI sAmIpya : pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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tyAM zivaliMganI puna:pratiSThA karI. triveNI saMgamanI bhekhaDa para AveluM "prabhAsa pATaNanuM pUrvAbhimukha sUryamaMdira garbhagRha, pradakSiNA-patha, aMtarAla, gUDhamaMDapa ane zRMgAracokI dharAve che. A maMdira 14 mI sadImAM baMdhAyuM lAge che. prabhAsa pAse hiraNa nadInA kAMThe AvelA nagaranA prAcIna TIMbAnA pUrva cheDe paNa eka sUryamaMdira AveluM ke e maMdira pazcimabhimukha che ne garbhagRha, pradakSiNAtpatha, gUDhamaMDapa ane mukhamaMDapa dharAve che. A maMdira paNa lagabhaga e samayanuM lAge che. "mirAte ahamadI'nI puravaNImAM jaNAvelAM gujarAtanAM prasiddha maMdiromAM somanAtha maMdira agrima sthAna dharAve che. enA zivaliMganI gaNanA bhAratanAM dvAdaza jyotiliMgomAM thatI. mughala kAlanAM A maMdirano bhAre dhvaMsa karAyo ne e khaMDara hAlatamAM rahyuM. emAMnA zivaliMgane nagara bahAra sarasvatI nadInA kAMThe AvelA koI nAnA maMdiramAM sthApI enAM darzana-arcana thatAM, marAThA kAlamAM indoranA mahArANI ahalyA bAIe I.sa. 1783 mAM somanAtha maMdiranA khaMDerathI thoDe dUra navuM maMdira baMdhAvyuM. bhAvika jano have A navA somanAthanAM darzana karavA jatA. 1947 nA naveMbaramAM jUnAgaDhamAM bhArata sarakAranI hakumata dhanIdhoyaNA thaI ne saradAra paTele prabhAsa pATaNamAM somanAtha maMdirano punaruddhAra karavAnI ghoSaNA karI. jAmasAhebanA adhyakSapade somanAtha TrasTa racAyuM ne somanAtha maMdironuM navanirmANa karI emAM jyotirliMganI sthApanA karavAno saMkalpa karAyo. tA. 11-5-1951 nA zubha dine rASTrapati rAjendra bAbunA zubhahaste emAM jayotirliMganI sthApanA karAI. garbhagRha, aMtarAla, gUDhamaMDapa ane zRMgAra cokI evI racanA thaI hatI. garbhagRhanI Toce 175 phUTa uttuMga zikhara baMdhAyuM hatuM, Ama svAtaMtryottara kAlamAM prabhAsa pATaNanuM somanAtha maMdira punaH pratiSThA pAmyuM. prabhAsa pATaNe bhAgavata saMpradAyanA dehotsarga tIrthanI temaja pAzupata-mAhezvara saMpradAyanA somanAtha maMdiranI dezavyApI pratiSThA punaH prApta karI. bhAlakA tIrthanI tathA somanAtha maMdiranI A sarva vigato prAyaH sarvane suvidita che. AthI ahIM e vigato tAjI karI ApaNe bhagavAna zrIkRSNa vAsudeva tathA sRSTinuM ziva (kalyANa) karanAra bhagavAna zaMkaranA mAhAbhyanuM smaraNa karI kRtArtha thaIe kurukSetramAM svajano sAme yuddha karatAM arjunane vivAda thayo tyAre zrIkRSNa emane aneka prakAre potAnuM kartatva samajAvyuM. bhagavadgItA upaniSadamAM nirUpyA mujaba #SyavadhakkArate mane pratyeSu dIvana | ane takSatisa: satarta kArya mAM samasa2 | dvArA niSkAma karmayogano, kanmanA mava mawo mAnI mAM namaskUruM ! ane sarvadharma parityanya mane para traNa I dvArA bhaktiyogano, ane nA jJAnena sadaza varnAdi vidyate ane priya di jJAninolyartha mada sa va mama priya: I dvArA jJAnayogano mahimA darzAvI, vividha dRSTie enuM mana svastha karI ene potAnA kartavyanuM bhAna karAvyuM. bhAratanA A mahAna upadezane zrIkRSNa vAsudeve potAno dehotsarga A pAvana tIrthamAM karyo. evo ja mahimA ahIM bhagavAna ziva-zaMkara mahAdevano pravarte che. bhAratanAM dvAdaza jyotirliMgo gaNAvatA stotrano AraMbha saurASTra somanAtha 1 e zabdothI thAya che. brahmA-viSNu-maheze sRSTinA sarjana-saMrakSaNasaMhAramAM saMhAranuM kartavya bhale drarUpa mahAdevane soMpAyuM, paraMtu vastutaH mahAdeva to sarvanuM ziva (kalyANa) karanAra zaMkara che. kavi puSpadanta bhagavAna zivano mahimA zivahinaH stotramAM supere gAyo che. bhagavAna zivano pAvanatIrtha prabhAsa 101 For Private and Personal Use Only

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mahimA apAra che, AthI e stotramAM aMte kahevAyuM che te asinagirisamaM syAt kajjalaM sindhupAtre surajaruvarazAkhA lekhanI patramurvI / likhati yadi gRhItvA zAradA sarvakAlaM tadapi java guNAnAmIza pAraM na yAji // kRSNagiri jeTaluM kAjaLa hoya, sAgara jeTaluM vizALa pAtra hoya, kalpatarunI zAkhA jevaDI lekhanI hoya ne vidyAdevI zAradA sarvakAla e sAdhano vaDe lakhyA kare, to paNa ke Iza tArA guNono pAra na pAme. AvA zaMkara bhagavAna somanAtha svarUpe A pAvana tIrthamAM birAje che. vaLI zivaliMganA nIcalA bhAgamAM brahmA, vacalA bhAgamAM viSNu ne upalA bhAgamAM ziva vase che. 102 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir hira ane hara e baMne mahAna devonI upasthitinI pAvana thayelA A pravAsa tIrtha saurASTranuM ja nahi, bhAratabharanuM suprasiddha tIrtha che. saradAra paTela, jAma sAheba ane zrI kanaiyAlAla munazInA puruSArthathI ahIM sthapAyelA navA jyotirliMgane sarva bhAvako praNAma kare che. zrI lAlakRSNa aDavANI ane zrI kezubhAI paTela jevA mahAnubhAvonA mArgadarzana nIce somanAtha TrasTa ahIM anekavidha upogI pravRttio Adare che. sAmIpya : pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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sAMskRtika nagarI vaDodarAno kalAvAraso : keTalIka sacitra hastaprato DaoN. uSA brahmacArI* mahArAjA sayAjIrAva trIjAe 1893mAM jeno saMkalpa karyo te prAcyavidyAmaMdira bhAratabharanI prAcyavidyAnA saMzodhana kSetre kArya karatI sauthI prAcIna ane jagavikhyAta saMsthAomAMthI eka che. prAcIna hastapratono saMgraha, enI jALavaNI ane enA vize saMzodhanakArya karI aprakAzita durlabhagraMthonuM prakAzana karavAnA udAttahetuthI A saMsthAnI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI. jemAM vividha prakAranI hastapratono amUlya khajAno jaLavAyo che. kula 28000 thI vadhu saMkhyAmAM vividha viSayo temaja vividha bhASA ane lipimAM A hastaprato lakhAyelI che. temAM kula 138 sacitra hastaprato vaividhyapUrNa che, jemake vIMTAnA svarUpe (Scroll) jaLavAyela pAMca sacitra hastaprato je mahArANI cImanAbAI sAheba taraphathI A saMsthAne bheTa ApavAmAM AvelI. emAM vijJaptipatra, uvezagaccha vaMzAvaLI, saMpUrNa mahAbhArata, bhAgavata, bhagavadgItA ane harivaMza samAviSTa che. suvarNAkSare, sUkSmalekhananI nAjukAI ane citronI samRddhine kAraNe A vIMTAvALI hastaprato sAhitya ane kalAsarjananA advitIya namUnArUpa che. taduparAMta paurANika bhUgoLa, jayotiSa ane vAstuzAstranA citrapaTo, dazAvatAranA sacitra gaMjIphAono 119 pAnAno seTa, sApa-sIDInI ramata, kAgaLanA mAvAmAMthI banAvela lAkaDAnI sacitra peTIo je hastaprata jALavavA mATe temaja eka sthaLethI bIje sthaLe laI javA mATe rAkhavAmAM AvatI. sau prathama prAcyavidyAmaMdiramAM jaLavAyela sacitra vIMTAo viSe vAta karIzuM. vijJaptipatrano vIMTo naM. 7pa72 mApa : 887.5 x 24.5 se.mI. kAgaLanA vIMTAmAM lakhAyela sacitra jaina vinaMtIpatra jemAM banArasanA zrI jinamuktisUrine jesalameranI jainasaMsthA taraphathI comAsA daramiyAna rahevAnuM AmaMtraNa ApavAmAM AvyuM che. lAMbA raMgaberaMgI sacitrapaTamAM baMne bAjunA hAMsiyAmAM kesarI raMgamAM vAdaLI ane sapheda raMganI jhINI DijhAIna karI che. vaccenAM kaththaI raMganA paTTAmAM jesalamerano rAjamArga darzAvyo che. jemAM nagarajanonI avarajavara jaNAya che. strIoe lAla-lIlI sADIo paherI che ane puruSoe sapheda dhotI-jhabhbho ane khabhe lAla khesa nAkhelo che. rAjamArganI baMne bAju upara vividha vyavasAyanI dukAno jaNAya che. jemAM raMgareja, luhAra, dhobI, kAchiyA vagere che. paTTanI zarUAtamAM mahArAjA sAhebanI savArInuM Agamana thatuM lAge che. jemAM zaNagArelAM pAMca hAthInI aMbADIne kesarI raMgathI sajAvI che. hAthI pachI ghoDAnI savArI temaja baLadagADuM paNa temAM joDAyuM che. sainikoe kesarI, vAdaLI ane sapheda raMgano gaNaveza paheryo che. jaina sAdhu-sAdhvInA saMghanuM Agamana jaNAya che. evuM anumAna karI zakAya ke banArasanA mahArAjA sAhebe AmaMtraNa svIkArI je jesalameranA pravezadvAra sudhI Agamana karyuM che. mukhya pravezadvArathI AkhA nagaranI racanAnuM khUba suMdara citraNa karyuM che. samaya-vi.saM. 1916 I.sa. 1859. * prAcyavidyA maMdira, ma.sa. vizvavidyAlaya, vaDodarA sAMskRtikanagarI vaDodarAno kalAvAraso : keTalIka sacitra hastaprato 103 For Private and Personal Use Only

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mahAbhAratano sacitra vIMTo naM. 7pa73 mApa : 2 28' x 5' 5'' mahAbhAratano sacitra vIMTo e sUkSmAkSarano ajoDa-benamUna namUno che. AmAM eka lAkha zloko vacce kALI zAhIthI bArIka akSare sIdhI lITImAM koI paNa chekachAka vagara lakhavAmAM AvyA che. kALI zAhIno upayoga karyo che. vIMTAnI baMne bAjunA hAMsiyAvALI jagyAmAM sonerI raMganI zAhI pUrI temAM sapheda ane kesarI raMganAM phUla ane vela doryA che. AdithI aMta sudhI lakhANa ane citramAM ekasUtratA jaLavAI che. bhAgavatapurANa vIMTo naM. 7574 mApa : 84' x 5.8" kALA raMganA paTTA upara sonerI zAhIthI sUkSmAkSare lakhavAmAM AvyuM che. je narI AMkhe nahIM paNa megnIphAiMga kAcanI madadathI ja vAMcI zakAya tema che. baMne bAjunA hAMsiyAmAM sonerIzAhI pUrI che. temAM jhINA jhINA kesarI ane jAMbalI raMganAM phUlovALI vela utArI che. vaccenI jagyAmAM guru be ziSyone upadeza ApatA hoya evuM citra doryuM che. bhagavadgItA vIMTo naM. 7577 mApa : 10'." x 1" kALA paTTA upara sonerI akSaro malyA hoya tevuM lAge che. khUba sUkSma akSare gItAnA zloko lakhyA che. baMne bAjunA hAMsiyAmAM sonerI raMgamAM kesarI phUlavALI velo dorI che. A traNeya vIMTAo mahArAjAnA saMgrahamAMthI prApta thayA che. AryagaMDalUha mahAyAnasUtra naM. 13208 mApa : 50 x 13 se.mI. nevArIlipimAM lakhAyela bauddhataMtranI A sacitra hastaprata tADapatranI che. tenI upara lAkaDAnuM sacitra lAMbuM kavara che. tenA lIlA raMga upara pILA raMganA phUlovALI vela che. vacceno bhAga jhAMkho thaI gayo che. tADapatranI hastapratanA pAnanA madhyabhAgamAM lIlA raMgamAM bhagavAna buddhane ziSyo sahita darzAvyA A prata cUlAkSarI hastapratano namUno che. ziSyoe lAla vastro paheryA che. akSaro moTA, vAMcI zakAya tevA che. bhagavAna buddhanAM judI judI mudrAmAM citro dorelAM che. barmIjha hastaprata naM. 7578 mApa : 51.5 x 8 se.mI. tADapatrane gherA lAla raMganA lAkhathI raMgIne tenI upara khUba ja moTA sonerI akSare lakhANa lakhyuM che. jene suvarNasthaLAkSarI kahevAya che. eka tADapatra upara mAtra pAMca lITI lakhI che. baMne bAju sonerI zAhIthI lakhANa karavAmAM AvyuM che. baMne bAju hAMsiyA rAkhyA che. temAM sonerI raMga pUryo che. deva-devIonA citro naM. 20715 mApa : 28 X 3 se.mI. tADapatranI A nAnI hastaprata uDiyAlipimAM lakhAI che. zAhIno raMga kALo che. jemAM nRtya karatAM 1/4 sAmIpya: pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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vividha deva-devIonAM citro doryA che. svarNaropyAdi siddhi (siddhAMtaleza). naM. 14338 mApa : 25 x 5.5 se.mI. tADapatra upara AchA kaththAIraMga upara sonerIzAhIthI devanAgarI lipimAM lakhyuM che. AnI vizeSatAmAM A pratamAM traNa bhASA saMskRta, prAkRta ane apabhraMzano prayoga karavAmAM Avyo che. akSaro vyavasthita vAMcI zakAya tevA bahu nAnA-moTA nathI. eno racanA samaya I.sa. 14 mI sadI che. mAnatuMga-mAnavatI rAsa naM. 14335 mApa : 26 x 11.5 se.mI. jUnI gujarAtImAM racAyelI A hastapratanA prathama citramAM rAjAnI savArInuM dazya che. jemAM rAjA hAthI upara beThA che ane maMtrIo pAchaLa ghoDA upara savAra che. AgaLa sipAIo DhAla-bhAlA sahita jovA maLe che. be citromAM rAjA maMtrI sAthe maMtraNA karatAM jaNAya che. A pratano racanAkALa vi.saM. 1750 che ane lekhanasamaya 1848 darzAvyA che. mukhyatve lIlA raMgano prayoga thayo che. sAthe lAla, jAMbalI, kALo ane pILo raMga paNa jovA maLe che. sauMdaryalaharI (zaMkarAcArya) naM. 7356 mApa : 22 x 12.5 se.mI. ati prasiddha evI A hastaprata padya sAthe 105 raMgIna citro dharAve che. pratyeka citra darzAvelA zlokano bhAvArtha sUcave che. kula copana pAna dharAvatI A pratano samaya Azare 18mI sadIthI pUrveno kahI zakAya. kAlabhAcArya kathA naM. 13965 mApa : 27.6 x 11.3 se.mI. khUba moTA kALA akSare prata lakhI che. pAnanA aMte kathAnusAra citra che. sonerI, lAla ane vAdaLI raMgo vAparyA che. hastaprata jaina che. samaya vi.saM. 1550 I.sa. 1494 (Azare). kAmazAstra naM. 20717 mApa : 17 x 21 se.mI. pustaka jevA AkAranI A pratimAM nArIkuMjaranuM suMdara citra che. lipi uDiyA che. nava nArIonuM hAthInA AkAra citraNa karyuM che. sarve nArIo zaNagArathI sajja che. upara colI, nIce dhotiyA jevuM vastra ane khabhe dupaTTo che. phUmakAvALo coTalo vALyo che. AbhUSaNamAM dAmaNI, TIko, kuMDaLa, baMgaDI ane jhAMjhara paheryA che. surekhacitramAM hAthI AkAranA nArIkuMjara upara kAmadeva pAMcabANa caDhAvI ArUDha thayA che. kALI ane lAla zAhI vAparI che. navanArIonuM suMdara varNana "sAhityadarpaNa" graMthamAM maLe che. paMcaratnagItA naM. 13127 mApa : 17 X 11 se.mI. lagabhaga 18mI sadInI A pratamAM 74 pAnAmAM vividha raMgIna citro maLe che. nAma mujaba pAMca sAMskRtikanagarI vaDodarAno kalAvArasoH keTalIka sacitra hastaprato 105 For Private and Personal Use Only

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viSayanA citro che. (1) bhagavadgItA - vibhUtiyoga adhyAya 10. (2) viSNusahasranAma stotra. (3) bhIkhastavarAja (4) gajendramokSa. (5) anusmRti. prathama citramAM mugaTadhArI gaNezajInI ekabAju sarasvatI che ane bIjI bAju cAmaradhAri dAsI gaNezanI sevA kare che. anya citramAM mahAbhAratanA yuddhanuM dazya che. kRSNa ane arjuna temanA rathamAM che. bANayuddha cAle che ane tIra choDelA darzAvyA che. anya citra viSNunA abhyAvatAranuM che. cAraveda sahita kRSNa, arjunane upadeza ApatA jaNAya che. vibhUtiyoganA citromAM dareka pAda mATe tene anurUpa citro doryA che. viSayAnusAra vipulapramANamAM citro che. eka citramAM "vedomAM huM sAmaveda chuM" evuM citra darzAvyuM che. anya citromAM "gAyomAM huM kAmadhenuM chuM' ukti mujabanuM raMgIna citra prApta thAya che. jelamAM kRSNanA janmane darzAvatA citramAM vAsudeva kRSNane jelamAMthI laIne yamunA nadIne oLaMgatA citrita karyA che. anya citramAM nava pheNavALA nAga upara zeSazAyI viSNu poDhelA darzAvyA che. taduparAMta caturmukha brahmadevanuM raMgIna citra aMkAyeluM che. anya raMgIna citramAM gajendrane magaranA paMjAmAMthI mokSa apAvatA viSNune citrita karyA che je gajendramokSanA prasaMgane varNave che. anya eka citramAM samudramaMthananuM dazya suMdara raMgo dvArA doryuM che. temaja bIjA citramAM viSNu bhagavAnane masyAkAramAM citaryA che ane temAM rAkSasa zaMkharUpe dekhAya che. kalpasUtra naM. 731 mApa : 30 x 10.5 se.mI. laMbacorasa lAla raMganA pAnA upara moTA sonerI akSare sUtro lakhavAmAM AvyA che. je saraLatAthI vAMcI zakAya che. pAnAnI chevADe bhagavAna mahAvIranuM citra che. temaNe gaLAmAM mALA paherI che, aNIvALI AMkho ane kAne kuMDaLa che. pAnanI cAre bAju dIvA jevI AkRti dorI che. rAgarAgiNI naM. 13265 mApa : 22 x 30 se.mI. 18mI sadInI pustaka AkAranI A pratimAM 20 rAganAM citro aMkita karelAM che. tenI vizeSatAmAM pratyeka rAganAM citro rAgane anurUpa doryA che. mAlakauMsa ane kedAra rAganAM citromAM A rAganI zuM asara thAya tenuM raMgIna citra aMkita thayuM che. temaja uparanA bhAga pratyeka rAganA citra upara doho lakhyo che. pustaka AkAranI A pratamAM lAla raMganA pAnAmAM bhinna bhinna raMganAM citro doryA che. bhAgavatapurANa naM. 1105 mApa : 40 x 19.3 se.mI. Azare 18mI sadInI A sacitra prata khUba ja mahattvanI che. kAraNa ke AmAM kula bhAgavatapurANanAM 23 citrono saMgraha che. vanaspatijanya raMgo pUrIne A citro prasaMganuM AbehUba dazya UbhuM emAMthI keTalAMka dazyo vize vigate vAta karIzuM. kAliyamardananA citramAM kAliyanAganAthIne enA upara ArUDha thayela bhagavAna zrIkRSNa bIrAjajyA che. nIce nAgaNo zrIkRSNanI kSamA mAMgatI batAvI che. yamunAne taTe vRkSa nIce grAmajano A dazya nihALI rahyA che. bIjA citramAM govardhanaparvatanI taLeTImAM gAyo care che. yamunAtaTe zrIkRSNa anya govALo sAthe mijabAnI 106 sAmIpyaH pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Acharya Shri Kailassagarsur Gyanmandir kare che. AkAzagaMgAmAMthI A dazyane gAMdharvo nihALI rahyA che. nArada zrIkRSNane eka sAthe temanI aneka rANIo sAthe mahelamAMthI joI rahyA che. citranI baMne bAjunA hAMsiyAmAM lAla raMgamAM gulAbI ane AsamAnI raMganA phUlavALI vela dorI che. vaccenA bhAge cAra judAM judAM citro jovA maLe che. pahelAM citramAM pILA pItAMbara paherelA nArada hAthamAM sonerI-lAla raMganI vINA sAthe mahelanA jharokhAmAMthI zrI kRSNa bhagavAnanI rANIo sAthenI lIlA nihALI rahyA che. rANIo motIno hAra, temaja anya AbhUSaNothI sajja thaI kRSNanI sevA karavA utsuka thaI pratIkSA karI rahI che. bIjA citramAM zrIkRSNa raMgIna bAjoTha upara vINA laI beThelA nAradane namaskAra kare che. pAchaLa strIvRMda zrIkRSNanI sevA kare che, mAthe cAmara DhoLe che. trIjA citramAM mahelamAMthI eka hAthI tathA be ghoDAnI savArI nIkaLI che. puruSoe cUDIdAra paheraNa tathA pAghaDI paheryA che. gaLAmAM motInI mALA che. bAjoTha upara beThelA kRSNane sarve namana kare che. strIoe khUba suMdara AbhUSaNo paheryo che. nAradajI temane mahelamAMthI joI rahyA che. cothA citramAM raMgIna sonerI bAjoTha upara beThelA zrIkRSNane rANIo snAna karAve che. anya rANIo hAthamAM sonAnA pAtra laI potAnA kramanI pratIkSAmAM UbhI che. kAtyAyanI vrata - A citramAM strIvRMda vRkSonI vanarAjI pAchaLa chUpAyelA sUryodayanA AgamananI rAha jue che. potAnA vratanI pUrti mATe sUryodayane jhaMkhI rahI che. pratanI baMne bAjunA hAMsiyAmAM kesarI raMgamAM sapheda-lIlA phUlanI bhAta che. nIce lIluM ghAsa, raMgIna phUlonA choDa, moTAM vRkSo che. kALA yamunAnA pANImAM sapheda mAchalIo tare che. zukano parIkSitane upadeza :- zukadeva RSi parIkSita rAjAne bodha Ape tevuM dazya che. AchAM lIlAraMganA sonerI bAjaTha upara zukadevajI beThA che. sAme parIkSita rAjA che. rAjAo kAnamAM motInA kuMDaLa, mAthe khesa oDhaDyo che. anya RSivRMda paNa jJAnaprApti mATe bAjaTha upara beThA che. nIce pANImAM mAchalI che. baMne bAju be ghaTAdAra vRkSo doryA che. RSisaMvAda : zrIkRSNa bhinna RSi sAthe saMvAda kare che. vacce be RSivarya beThA che. temanI vartuLAkAre besIne anya RSio saMvAda sAMbhaLe che. kesarI raMganA maMDapane baMne bAju velothI zaNagAryo che. vacce sapheda vastromAM zveta dADhI tathA mAthe jaTAvALA Sio jJAna meLave che. rAsakrIDA : yamunAtaTe zrIkRSNa gopIo sAthe rAsa rame che. AkAzamAM ardhacaMdra Ugyo che. deva-devatA AkAzamAMthI puSpavRSTi kare che. nAradajI vINA laIne nRtya kare che. gopIoe pILA, lAla, kesarI, jAMbalI raMganAM caNIyA, coLI, oDhaNI paheryA che. vividha alaMkAro jevA ke hAra, mALA, natha, TIko, dhAraNa karI rAsalIlA mANe che. kArAvAsamAM kRSNa janma : kRSNajanmanuM dRzya addabhuta rIte AlekhyuM che. vAsudeva-devakInI vacce kRSNa che. rAtanuM dazya che. pUrNimAno caMdra khIlyo che. yamunAnA kALA pANImAM sapheda mAchalI tare che. kArAvAsanI bahAra be sainiko sapheda pozAkamAM mAthe pheMTA sAthe DhAla-talavAra laIne cokI kare che. vAsudeva bALakRSNane hAthamAM teDI yamunAnA jaLa caMdranI zItaLa cAMdanImAM oLaMge che. temaNe sapheda pozAka paheryo che. teo mAthe jaTA temaja dADhI-mUDho sahita RSi jevA dekhAya che. A dazyanuM citraNa khUba ja sAMskRtikanagarI vaDodarAno kalAvAraso : keTalIka sacitra hastaprato 107 For Private and Personal Use Only

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suMdara ane viziSTa rIte karyuM che. maTakItoDa-bALakRSNa : mAkhaNa-chAzanA mATalAne bALakRSNa toDe che tenuM hUbahU citraNa karyuM che. kesarI raMganI doNIne sapheda raMganI dorIthI valoNA sAthe bAMdhI che te doNInA be bhAga thayelA batAvyA che. jazodA bALakRSNane Thapako Ape che. anya nArIo phaLiyAmAM jaNAya che. kRSNe bALamitro sAthe maTakI toDI te darzAvyuM che. cAre bAju vAMdarA kUde che. kadAca mAkhaNa khAvA utsuka hoI zake. mahelanA nAnA sapheda raMganA traNa oraDA doryA che. dazAvatAra gaMjIpho naM. 21426 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir mApa : 7.5 4 7.5 se.mI. vartuLAkAramAM racAyela dazAvatAra gaMjIpho mukhyatve viSNunA dasa avatArono sUcaka che. sAmAnya rIte dareka avatAranA 12 pAnA hoya che. dasa vividha avatAranAM pAnAnAM nAma ane raMga paNa vividha hoya. dA.ta. matsya ane kUrma lAla, varAha pILo, narasiMha ane vAmana lIlo, parazurAma badAmI, rAmacaMdra pILo, kRSNa badAmI ane buddha-kalkIno kALo. AmAM gaMjIphAnA citro kAgaLa upara dorIne upara lAkhano raMga lagADavAmAM Avato. temAM rAjA Asana upara beThelA hoya, pradhAna-vajIra gheDA upara. prathama pAMca avatAromAM mUlyanI dRSTie ekko pradhAna hoya che. pachI bIjA pAMca avatAromAM dasso pradhAna hoya che. hukamanA pattAmAM jo divase gaMjIphAnI ramata ramAtI hoya to rAma ane rAtre ramAtI hoya to kRSNa hukama tarIke gaNAya che. A ja pramANe sAMje narasiMha, dhUMdhaLA divase kurmahukamapattuM gaNAya che. A pattAnI ramata mAtra traNa jaNA ramI zake che.' ahIM evuM anumAna karI zakAya ke A dazAvatAra gaMjIphAnuM mULa kAraNa dhArmikatA hoI zake. dharmanAM mULatattvo jevAM ke pRthvI, svarga, sUrya, caMdra, pANI jene vedomAM deva tarIke nirUpyA che temane gaMjIphA upara deva ke paramAtmAnA smaraNa mATe citaravAmAM AvyA hoya. jethI ramata ramatAM IzvaranuM smaraNa thaI zake. temaja gaMjIphAno goLa AkAra paNa vizvanA svarUpanuM sUcana kare che. prAcyavidyAmaMdira, ma.sa. vizvavidyAlayamAM 138 hastaprato sacitra che. jemAM 742 patro sacitra prApta thAya che. vividha viSayo jevAM ke jyotiSa lagabhaga 81 sacitra hastapratonI, tADapatranI 6, kAmazAstra viSayaka 6, purANazAstranI 23, taMtranI 5, stotra viSayaka 4, kAvyanI 5, sauthI vadhu jaina 20, jemAM 12 jaina citrapaTa che, saMgIta viSe 2, gItAnI 5, bauddhazAstranI 2, mAhAtmyanI 5, koza, prAkRta, nATaka, hindI, stotra vagerenI mAtra 'eka' sacitra hastaprata jaLavAyelI che. jemAM samaya (date) viSayaka mAhitI ApatI 41 sacitra hastaprato che. temAM sauthI jUnI jainazAstranI hastaprata 'uttarAdhyAya' che. jeno naM. 1771 che. te saM. 1525 thI 1550 nA samayagALAmAM lakhAyelI che. gujarAtI viSayamAM nava sacitra hastaprato che. jemAM keTalAMka guTakAo che je pustakAkAre prApta thAya che. hastaprata naM. 25823mAM narasiMha mahetAnI putrInuM mosALu, mAtAno chaMda, narasiMha mahetAnI huMDI, sudAmAcarita vagere che. pAna naM. 61 upara rathamAM badhA jaI rahyA che ane be baheno rAsa rame che. pAna naM. 132 upa2 arjuna beThA che. mAthe chatra, khabhe dhanuSya-bANa che. jUnI gujarAtImAM 'mAnatuMga mAnavatI rAsa' che. 108 prAcyavidyAmaMdira uparAMta vaDodarAnA haMsavijayajI saMgrahamAM 'kalpasUtra'nI 15 mI sadInI hastaprata surakSita che jenuM lakhANa sonerIzAhIthI lakheluM che. A hastapratamAM ATha citro ane 74 apratima kArIgarIvALI suMdara kinArIo che. A uparAMta vaDodarAnA zrI jainajJAnamaMdiramAMnA munirAja zrI haMsavijayajI zAsrasaMgrahamAM 46 kramAMke sacavAyelI buddhisAgarasUriSkRta 'paMcagraMthI buddhisAgara vyAkaraNa' nAmanI pratamAM kula 143 patro che. enuM lekhanakArya sAmIpya : pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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vi.saM. 1949 (arthAt I.sa. 1892)mAM pUrNa thayeluM. A hastapratanuM lakhANa paDImAtrAvALI jainanAgarIlipimAM che. mApa 30.3 x 12.6 se.mI. che. pRSThanI baMne bAju hAMsiyo che ane hAMsiyAmAM lAla triguNI UbhI rekhAo dorI che. puSpikA anusAra A hastapratanuM lekhanakArya jayapuramAM savAI mAdhavarAva siMdhiyA rAjAnA rAjyamAM jozI devakRSNe karyuM hatuM. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir temaja vaDodarA pAsenA chANI gAmamAM traNa jeTalAM hastaprata saMgraho che. ahIMnA vIravijayajI saMgrahamAM 'odhaniryukti' graMthanI I.sa. 1161 nI prata che. jemAM 16 vidyAdevIo, sarasvatI, lakSmI, aMbikA, ane brahmazAMtiyajJa maLIne kula 21 citro che. je jaina mUrtividhAnanI dRSTie mahattvanA che. jainadharmanI sacitra hastapratomAMthI sAmAjika, dhArmika, itihAsa, prAcIna-madhyakAlIna gujarAtanI saMskArasAhitya pravRttio viSe upayogI mAhitI maLe che. vaDodarAnuM mukhya saMgrahAlaya baroDA myujhiyama enDa pikcara gaeNlerI temAM saMgrahAyela ghaNA durlabha namUnAone lIdhe AMtararASTrIya khyAti dharAve che. bauddhadevonuM nirUpaNa karatAM laghucitro sAthenI tADapatra upara lakhAyelI "prajJatA pAramitA'nI hastaprata tathA vibhinna mudrAo darzAvatI buddhanI AkRtiovALI nevArI hastaprata khAsa noMdhanIya che. parziyAmAMthI maLI AvelA 15 thI 17 mI sadI sudhInA zAhanAmAM, ujhupha-u-jhulekhA vagerenAM laghucitro ane parziyana ane inDo-parziyana sacitra hastapratono saMgraha pradarzita karyo che. A uparAMta jaina ane hiMdu hastapratonA khAsa pasaMda karelA sacitra patro, 14 mI sadInI kalpasUtranI tADapatranI hastaprata je suvarNAkSarI che. temaja 17mI sadInI kAgaLanI 'saMgrahaNisUtra' temaja 'bAlagopAla smruti' khAsa mahattvanA che. taduparAMta keTalAMka jaina sacitra bhaugolika padyacitra, vijJaptipatra vagere paNa pradarzita karAyelAM che. purAtana itihAsanI dRSTie tADapatra ane kAgaLanI hastapratonuM khUba mahattva che. citrakalA temaja sAMskRtika upAdAnanI dRSTie paNa tenuM AkarSaNa ane mahattva che. tADapatranI hastapratomAM dhArmika, dharmopadezaka avasthAmAM AcAryo AlekhAyelA che. vividha raMgothI zobhatI A prAcIna hastapratomAM nAnAM citro khUba sarasa rIte jaLavAyAM che. A rIte citrakalAnA itihAsa ane adhyayananI dRSTithI tADapatrIya temaja prAcIna kAgaLanI hastapratomAM sacavAyelAM citro khUba ja mUlyavAna ane AkarSaka che. hastalikhita graMthonA aMtamAM rahelI prazastio ane puSpikAonuM mUlya ghaNuM che. temAM moTA rAjAo, amAtya temaja moTAM gAma, nagara, deza vizenI upayogI mAhitI prApta thAya che. Ama gujarAtanA A hastaprata-bhaMDAro bhAratIyasaMskRtinA bhavya vArasA samAna che. vartamAna yuganA ane bhAvi peDhInA vidyAnA upAsakone mATe mahAmUlI mUDI che. A amUlya hastapratonI jALavaNI khUba kALajI mAgI le che. tenI kALajI levAya to ja kalA ane saMskRtinA A vArasAne jIvaMta rAkhI zakAya. A hastalikhita pratono vAraMvAra upayoga karavAthI ene nukasAna thavA saMbhava che. mATe tenI yogya jALavaNI anivArya rIte Avazyaka che. jemane A hastaprata bhaMDAromAM jaLavAyela jJAnasaMpattinI paribhASA, lipi tathA anya saMketonuM jJAna che temane mATe A jJAnabhaMDAro divya khajAnArUpa che. saMdarbhanoMdha 1. 'bhAratIya paraMparAmAM gaMjIpho', vAkaNakara siddhArtha, 'svAdhyAya', vasaMtapaMcamI, pustaka 20, aMka 2, pR. 176, 1982. 2. vorA niraMjanA, "hastapratavidyA ane AgamasAhitya : saMzodhana ane saMpAdana", gUjarAta vidyApITha, amadAvAda, pahelI AvRtti, 2001, pRSTha naM. 124. 3. pathika, dIpotsavAMka, oNkTo. nave. Dise., 2001, pRSTha naM. 38, 119-120. sAMskRtikanagarI vaDodarAno klAvAraso H keTalIka sacitra hastaprato For Private and Personal Use Only 109

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dezanA prathama svAtaMtrya saMgrAmamAM sAbarakAMThA jillAnA muDeTI gAmanuM pradAna vasaMta Ara. paTela* ApaNo bhArata deza prAcInakALathI mAMDIne arvAcInakALa sudhI vAraMvAra parataMtra banyo che, to tenI sAthe svataMtra paNa thayo che, A dezanA aneka rASTra nAyakoe dezane gulAmI rUpI beDiyomAMthI svataMtra karyo che. eTale A dezanI prajAe jaya-parAjayanA aneka anubhavo karyA che. paraMtu sAMprata samayamAM AvA rASTra nAyako ane temanA tyAga-balidAno samAja taraphathI bhUlAtA jAya che. dezanI svataMtratA mATe mAtra koI pradeza ke koI eka sthaLa dvArA pravRttio thaI na hatI. bIjA rAjyonI sAthe rahIne gujarAte paNa svAtaMtryanI laDatamAM potAnuM yogadAna ApyuM che ne avvala naMbaranuM sthAna prApta karyuM che. koIpaNa dezanI parataMtra prajAe videzI zAsanane laData ApyA vinA tenI pAsethI svataMtratA meLavI hoya tevuM banyuM nathI. svAtaMtrya prApti mATe prajA balidAna ApavA taiyAra thAya che, tyAre ja te AjhAdIno AnaMda mANI zake che.' gauravazALI gujarAtanI asmitAmAM uttara gujarAtanA sAbarakAMThA jillAnuM paNa dezanA 1857nA prathama svAtaMtrya saMgrAmamAM khUba moTuM pradAna rahyuM che. A jillAnI prajAnI zAMta tAkAta ane dezabhakti vakhato vakhata rASTrabhAvanA sAthe pragaTa thaI che. ane svAtaMtryanI pavitra vedIne prajavalIta rAkhI che. A prastuta lekhamAM sAbarakAMThAnA muDeTI gAmanA ThAkora sUrajamale 1857nA prathama svAtaMtrya saMgrAmamAM aMgrejo sAme mAthu ucakyuM hatuM tenuM vistRta varNana ApavAno upakrama sevyo che. sAbarakAMThA jillAnA muDeTI vistAramAM eka vanavAsI lokagItamAM 1858mAM ThAkora surajamale karelA baLavAnI smRti saMgrahavAmAM AvI che. sAbarakAMThAnA IDara tAlukAthI 17 ki.mI. e vaseluM muDeTI iDaranA rAjA sArvabhaumatva heThaLanuM eka nAnakaDuM rAjaya hatuM. muDeTInA ThAkora sUrajamala pANIdAra ane svamAnI ThAkora hatA. 1853mAM hiMmatanagarano rAjA karaNasiha mRtyu pAmyo tyAre, poliTIkala ejanTa askina viruddha karaNasiMhanI rANIone satI thavA daIne sUrajamale aMgrejo sAme bahAravaTuM khelyuM hatuM. tyArathI ja muDeTInA ThAkora sAme vera rAkhavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. I.sa. 1857nA viplava pachI 1858mAM gujarAtanA kamizanara zeksapiyare, gujarAtane niHzastra banAvavA poliTIkala ejanTo nyAyadhIzo tathA polIsanI madadathI zastro jhaDapI lIdhAM. tethI mahIkAMThA, paMcamahAla, amadAvAda ane revAkAMThA jillAe zastro soMpavAmAM InakAra karyo tethI gujarAtamAM A nirNaya sAme Thera Thera baMDa thayAM. IDaranA rAjA ThAkora javAnasiMhajIe AjubAjunA ThAkora tathA jamInadAronI beThaka bolAvI, sabhAmAM niHzastrIkaraNa patra pheravavAmAM Avyo. A patra muDeTInA ThAkoranA hAthamAM Avyo ane te ja ghaDIe eka paNa kSaNano vilaMba karyA vinA, temaNe bharI sabhAmAM ja niHzastrIkaraNa svIkRtipatrane talavArathI Ubho cIrI nAkhyo ane siMhagarjanA karI. amArI kSatriyonI pratijJA che ke mahemAnono vadha na thAya, hathiyAra levAM hoya to hathiyAro laIne Avajo." * saMzodhaka, itihAsa-bhAratIya saMskRti, mu. mAlapura, tA. vaDAlI, ji. sAbarakAMThA. 110 sAmIpyaH pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Ama, sarakAra dvArA hathiyAra jamA karAvavAnI pravRttie jora pakaDyuM. muDeTInA ThAkora surajamala uzkerAyA, aMgrejoe krUratApUrvaka zasro chInavavA mAMDyA. tethI sUrajamale baLavo karI aMgrejone divase tArA batAvyA. aMgreja sattA ekaso varSanA lAMbA gALAmAM je yuktio ane damananA mArge AgaLa vadhIne cAlI hatI tenI sAme thavAnI UMDI icchA to hatI ja sAthe potAnuM kaMIka jhUMTavAya che ane videzIo haDapa kare che AvI bhAvanAe prajAmAM saMtApa pedA karyo hato. ThAkora sUrajamalane iDara darabAranuM rU. 41958-2-9nuM devuM hatuM AthI muDeTInA ThAkora sUrajamala ane iDaranA rAva vacce devA bAbate jhaghaDo thatA tenuM varSAsana baMdha karyu. sUrajamale jodhapura potAnA sAsare jaIne sasarA pAsethI paisA laI AvavA paravAnagI mAgI, paraMtu iDaranA rAvane kAvatarAnI gaMdha AvatAM, tene jodhapura javAnI paravAnagI na ApI. te daramyAna mahIkAMThA poliTIkala ejanTa vAiTalorDane ThAkora sUrajamalane maLavA mATe jaNAvyuM, ThAkora sUrajamale temanA kArabhArI vajerAmane vAiTaloDa pAse mokalyA. kArabhArI vajerAme jaNAvyuM ke devAno prazna ane muDeTI pratyenI kinnAkhorI baMdha na thAya tyAM sudhI ThAkora sUrajamala Avaze nahi. Ama samAdhA na thayuM. ane ThAkora sUrajamale iDaranA rAjya tathA aMgreja sarakAra sAme laData laDI levA taiyArI karavA mAMDI. 30mI mArca, 1858nA roja briTIza sarakAra ane iDaranA rAjA sAme baLavo karyo. ThAkora surajamalanI sAthe mevADanA rAjA, temaja mahIkAMThAnA moTAbhAganA tAlukedAro ane lokono sAtha hato. Ane pariNAme briTIza sarakAra tathA iDaranA rAjAnI saMyukta lazkarI TukaDIo dvArA muDeTImAM thANuM nAkhyuM. sUrajamale Ano virodha karyo. muMbaI sarakAranA sekreTarI eDarasane mi. zeksapiyarane samAdhAnathI kAma levA sUcanA ApI. sUrajamala haptAthI devuM cUkavavA saMmata thayA, paNa iDaranA rAvano jAgIra upara koI haka na rahe ane putrInA lagna mATe paisA meLavavA jodhapura javAnI zarato mUkI, iDaranA rAve zarato na svIkAratAM teNe baLavo karyo. ThAkora sUrajamale sau pratama muDeTImAMthI potAnA kuTuMbIjanone dUra karIne, rAjapUto bhIlo ane sipAione muDeTInI cAre dizAmAM goThavI dIdhA. sUrajamala ThAko2nA sainyamAM 200 makarANI, 150 pAyadaLa sainiko, 50 ghoDesavAro, 300 bhIlo ane sainiko hatA. aMgrejI senAnA moTA lazkaranI paNa ThAkora sUrajamalane namAvavAnI yojanA saphaLa na thaI. kepTana bleke iDaranA 200 sainiko, gujarAtanA 150 ane 175 gAyakavADI azvo sAthe 9mI ogasTa, 1858 nA roja muDeTI 52 humalo karyo. ThAkora sUrajamalanA sainye tene harAvyo. e humalAmAM lephTanTa laoNno jamaNo hAtha ghavAyo tethI A sainyane baDolI, revAsa tarapha pIchehaTha karavI paDI. kepTana bleke baLavAne vadhu baLavAna banato joIne amadAvAda ane kaDImAMthI vadhu lazkara maMgAvyuM. A tamAma lazkarano sAmano ThAko2 sUrajamale ane tenA lazkare karyo. ThAkora sUrajamalanA aneka makarANIo marAyA. Ama nAnakaDuM muDeTI aMgrejo mATe mAthAnA dukhAvA samAna banyuM. tyArabAda kepTana reikasanI hakumata heThaLa muDeTIne mukavAmAM AvyuM temaNe lazkara dvArA cAre bAjuthI ThAkorane gherI lIdhA. kepTana reikase sUrajamalane madada karatA ThAkorone pralobhano ApI hAtha upara lIdhA. AmAM gotAno ThAko2 tathA sUrajamalano bhatrIjo cauhANa hamIrasIMga iDaranA rAjAne zaraNe gayA, tethI sUrajamala niHsahAya banI gayA. tethI paristhitine anukuLa thaIne ThAkora jAte ja samAdhAnanI zarato mATe iDaranA rAjAne maLyA ane samAdhAna karyuM. Ama A muDeTI prakaraNano aMta Avyo. dezanA prathama svAtaMtrya saMgrAmamAM sAbarakAMThA jillAnA muDeTI gAmanuM pradAna For Private and Personal Use Only 111

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Ama 1857nA svAtaMtrya saMgrAmamAM muDaTInA ThAkora sUrajamala satata eka varSa sudhI IDara ane aMgreja sarakAra sAme aravallInI girimALAo vacce rahIne jhajhUmyA ane potAnI icchA pramANenuM samAdhAna karAvyuM. A muDeTInA banAve samagra sAbarakAMThAnI prajAne preraNA ane protsAhana pUrA pADyA che. ane aMgrejo sAme jhajhumI levAnI tAkAta bakSI che pariNAme ja rASTrIyalaDatamAM A jillAnI prajAnuM khUba moTuM yogadAna rahyuM che. pAdanoMdha : 1. jayakumAra 2. zukla, 'hiMda choDo' caLavaLa (1942), amadAvAda-1988,pR. 1 2. bhiloDA tAlukAnA AdivAsIomAM gavAtA, sUrajamalanI bahAdUrIne vyakta karatI lokagItanI paMktio. aDAavaDI DuMgarA zAmaLAjI vacamAM sUrajamala tAro vAsare" 3-5. mahezacaMdra paMDyA, "AjhAdInI laData ane sAbarakAMThA', gUjarAta vidyApITha, amadAvAda-1989, pR. 10 viSNu paMDyA, "gujarAtamAM sazastra svAtaMtrya saMgrAmano itihAsa' (1857 thI 1945), gujarAta sAhitya akAdamI, gAMdhInagara, 1993, pR. 5 112 sAmIpyaH pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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graMthAvalokana gujarAtanI madhyakAlIna saMskRtahastapratonI prazastio ane puSpikAonuM talasparzI adhyayana : (gurjarI bhASA) granthakatrI : Do. manISA nimiSa bhaTTa / prakAzaka:- dhruvila nimISakumAra bhaTTa, sI-39, maGgalaM sosAyaTI vibhAga-3, ghoDAsara roDa, Isanapura, 380050 kebhyazcana varSebhyaH prAka hastapratizAstra paricetaM bhAratIyAnAm M.R.Katre viracitA Introduction to Indian Textual Critisism (Pune 1954) nAmnI kRtirekaivAsIdabhyupAyaH / tataH R.S.Shivaganeshamurthy farfarat Introduction to Manuscriptology (Sharada publication House Delhi 1996) ET kRtihastapratizAstravidyArthinAM pAThyakSetrarakaM praviSTA / adhunA'pi hastapratizAstrakSetre vidyAthibhiH prAdhAnyena adhIyamAne kRtI dve ete eva / dvayorapi kRtyoH hastapratInAmAdhAreNa granthasaMpAdanaM kathaM karaNIyamiti samagraza eva prabodhitam / parantu hastapratInAM svarUpaparicAyanaM dvayorapi kRtyoH naiyUnyena kRtam / yadyapi hastapratiSu dRzyamAnAnAM doSANAM viSaye dvayorapi kRtyovivecitam / granthadvayasyAsya racanAnantaraM bahvayaH kRtayo viSaye'smin racitAH / iGlIS bhASAyAM saMkhyAtItA iti manye / bhAratIyAsu bhASAsvapi bahvayaH / zodhapatrikAsu vividhagranthadRSTapAThavivecanamatra pradhAnameva sthAnamAkAmati / parantu hastapratInAm ante vidyamAnAni puSpikAvAkyAnyevAdhikRtya kutrApyAmUlacUlaM vizleSaNaM na kRtamAsIdetAsu racanAsu / etAM nyUnatAM pariharati navInatayA racito granthaH DA. manISAvaryAyAH / eSa granthaH granthakAH piec.DI. padavyai racitaH mahAnibandhaH / asmin granthe trINi prakaraNAni santi / 1. hastapratonuM svarUpa, granthaprazastio ane pusspikaao| 2. saMskRtaprazastio ane puSpikAonaM rAjakIya mahattva tathA, 3. saMskRtaprazastio ane puSpikAonuM sAhityikadRSTie muulyaangkn| "1. hastapratotuM svarUpa, granthaprazastio ane puSpikAo" iti nAmni prathame prakaraNe bhAratasya itihAsanirmANe sAdhanatrayasya prAdhAnyenAdhyayanasyAvazyakatA paricAyitA / "2. saMskRtaprazastio ane puSpikAona rAjakIya mahattva" iti nAmakaM dvitIyaM prakaraNam atyantameva AsaktidAyakam / puSpikANAmadhyayanena bhAratIyacaritraviSaye bahavo viSayA jJAyanta iti zataza udAharaNai racayitrI samyak pradarzayati / "3. saMskRtaprazastio ane puSpikAo, sAhityakadRSTie mUlyAGkana" iti nAmni tRtIye prakaraNe solaGkIrAjAnAM kAlo vastutaH prAcInagurjaradezasya suvarNakAla ityuktvA tasmin kAle na kevalaM saMskRtavAGmayasya samRddhi parantu prAkRtabhASAyA api vAGmayaM vistRtaiH sAhityaiH samedhitamiti vicAraH sodAharaNaM nirUpitaH / / granthAnte'titamaH svArasiko bhAgastu, chandoviSayakaH / puSpikAsu gocarANAM chandasAm udAharaNAni granthakatryA samyak prastutAni / atIva parizrameNa granthaka: Statistics api siddhIkRtya teSAM chandasAM pratizataM parimANamapi dattavatI / etat kiyatA zrameNa kriyata iti tAdRzeSu karmasu lagnA eva jAnanti / granthasyAnatisAdhAraNaM mahattvam etaireva vAkyaiH sphuTaM jJApitAH / samagrasyAsya granthasya iGgalISmASAnuvAdaH saMskRtabhASAnuvAdazca karaNIyaH / tenAtyamUlyaviSayajAlasaMpuTitasya graMthAvalokana 113 For Private and Personal Use Only

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granthasyAsya prayojanaM prAptuM bhAratIyagranthasaMpAdanasaMzodhanakarmaNi niratAH sarve'pi zaknuvanti / antata idaM vaktuM zakyate yat grantho'yaM nUnaM gambhIrAdhyayanapUrvakasya zraddhAsamupetasya ca zramasya phalam / na kevalaM hastapratizAstrajJAM parantu itizAstrajJA api bhRzamupakRtA bhavantyasya granthasyAdhyayanena / vastutastu adhunA mudrito granthaH racayitryA racitasya bRhato granthasya kiJcid bhAgamAtram / vayaM granthasyAsya samagra prakAzanam atIvotkaNThayA pratIkSAmahe / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir UPADHYAY ASHOK - Spandan, Vedic Wisom in Architecture, (Vastu); Vedic Spirit in Architecture (Vaastu) Study Group, 1/4, Shiv Shakti Nagar, Akota, Baroda; 2006; first edition; p. 324 This Valuable book is a collection of 21 articles on Indian architecture, written by various eminent scholers of this perticuler field. Book is devided in 5 sections: Vedic, Documents, Historical, New Concepts and application. Fineal and sixth Section supplies the list of the classical literature on architecture. This book is prepared with the warm and loving memories of Late Padmashri Prabhashankar Sompura, Late Mahamahopadyay Pro. (Dr.) Arunodaya Jani and Late Mahamahopadhyay Prof (Dr.) Panubhai Bhatt. The learned editior of this book, Mr. Ahsok Upadhyay has expressed regards towards Prof (Dr.) Prabhakar Dongre, Prof. (Dr.) M.A. Dhaky and Prof. H.D.Chhaya. This book is a goldmine of information. So students, research and lovers of Indian architecture would find this to be interesting. Hence I am welcoming this book warmfully. Mr. Dinkar Mehta (Rtd. Director of Archaeology) has also opined that this book is useful to the eader. Dr. R.P.Mehta 114 esa jagannAthaH 2925 Saraswathipuram 1st Main 5th Cross Maysore - 570009 Karnataka. BHAGAWAN SWAMINARAYAN An Introduction, by Sadhu Mukundcharandas; published by Swaminarayan Aksharpith, Sahibaug Road, Amdavad, 380004; price-Rs. 50/-; First Edition 1997; Second Edition 1999; Revised third edition-January 2005, Total Copies 14500; 8 colour plates having 14 photographs; 6 figures in black & white + 12 black & white unlisted figures. - Religion has a specific role to play in the making of a cancerned national heritage. It is our all time experience that religion has its functioning in every age and sAmIpya : pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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period as well as land of its origin with many lives and a habit of resurrection. There is no significant example in the history of a society, at any given time and point, successfully maintaining moral life, social norms and ethical values without the aid of religion as nicely explained by will Durant in his 'Lessons of History'. It certainly seems indispensable of religion in the making of human history. Morals are the rules by which a society exhorts its members and associations to behave consistontly with its order, security and growth. Therefore both religion and moral help man to live in an orderly way, for morality is an essential ingredient of higher religious life. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir This candid assessment, if one desires to understand firmly accordingly, will be found in the book, penned by Sadhu Mukundcharandas, under review. Though it is just as an introduction, this book certainly helps us to grasp the social norms an ethicel values as prescribed by shree Sahajanand Swami almost more than two countries ago. Those norms and values are still relevant. Going through this book by Sadhu Mukundcharandas it becomes evident that the sole aim of Shree Swaminarayan was to convet a rigid and closed society into an integrated and open society, through prescribing social values and moral norms. His was the mission which was the need of that age, but it is also a need now. This hardbound book consists of twelve chapters such as (1) Early Days, (2) Teenage Yogi, (3) Divine Leadership, (4) Succour for women, (5) Disciples, (6) Ascetics, (7) Shastras, (8) Bhakti Renaissance, (9) Mandirs, (10) Philosophy, (11) Teachings and (12) Successors. This is followed by a chapter-'observations of Historians and scholars' and four appendages, which include (i) Features of Devotion in the Daily Lie of Disciple, (ii) Bibliography, (iii) Glossary, (iv) Index. All these make and integrated and interesting reeding in the life and work of an apostle who had transformed the then rigid society into an open one as a visiting saint-cum-reformer. He is none other than Shree Swami Sahajanand or Bhagwan Swaminarayan. yaMgAvalokana Born at chhapaiya, a village near Ayodhya in U.P., in a Brahmin family, in the Vikrama Samvat of 1837 on Chaitra sud 9 i.e. on 3rd April, 1781, Ghanashyam was son of Hariprasad Pande (later on known as Dharmadev), a Pandit of a very high caliber and Premavati (later on known as Bhaktimata), an embodiment of love. He left Ayodhya at the age of eleven on Asadha sud 10, V.E. 1849 i.e. 29-6-1792 on his sojournas accross our country. He arrived at village Loj near Mangrol in Gujarat at the age of eighteen on Sravan vad 6, V.E. 1856 i.e. 21-8-1799. Total time-of his sojourn, after visiting nearly 187 shrines, sacred places and monasteries and travelling over 12000 kms. elapsed was seven years, one month and eleven days, during which he walked for four years and remeined stationary for three. To have a glimpse of his life and work one must have a copy of this book to For Private and Personal Use Only 115

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go through it minutely, to glance at those coloured photos and black & white figures included in this book. So lucidly written this book helps to understand this Sampradaya very clearly and the very mission of Bhagwan Swaminarayan in, of course, nutshell. The writer deserves our congratulations whole-heartedly. His approach is very simple, language is flowing and printing is flawless. Photos, maps and figures add value to the writings. As we hopefully know that our country has been graced and blessed since time immemorial by Incarnations, Rushis, Mystics and Sadhus. Swaminarayan, no doubt, possesses all these qualities which is ably and aptly put before us by Sadhu Mukundcharandas. Working through the value of the book, printing and gateup one may be inclined to purchase it as it is in affordable price. Astu. Dr. Rasesh Jamindar vaDanagaranI aitihAsika rUparekhA', le. pro. ratilAla so. bhAvasAra, prApti sthAna : darabAra roDa, vaDanagara-384355, prathamavRtti, Dise. 2005, kiM. rU. 20-00 pro. ratilAla bhAvasAra vaDanagaranA vatanI. kArakirdI ane kAryakSetra vaDanagara. itihAsanA zikSaka hovAthI vaDanagaranA itihAsa ane saMskRtinA "enasAyaklopiDIyA' gaNAya che. vaLI teo vaDanagaranA nagarapramukha paNa rahI cUkyA che. hAla nivRtta, paNa vaDanagara vize nAnA moTA daseka saMzodhana-laghugraMtho prakAzita karyA che. vaDanagara itihAsa saMzodhanakSetre temanuM ananya pradAna raheluM che. "vaDanagaranI aitihAsika rUparekhA' nAmanI pustikAmAM lekhake 9 jeTalA vividha viSayone saMkSepamAM AvarI lIdhA che. jemAM nagarano samaya, nagararacanA, vividha nAmo, prAcIna dharmo, nagaranA vidyAdharo, saMgItadhAma vaDanagara, zilpa kalAkAro, mahAmahIma narendrabhAI modI, vaDanagaranA nAgarono samAveza thAya che. lekhakanA nivedana mujaba ukta viSayo aMge itihAsanA adhyApaka temaja mULavatanI tarIke nagara adhyayana-saMzodhananA kramamAM sthaLatapAsa, rUbarU mulAkAta, pragaTa-apragaTa sAhitya, sarakArI vibhAgo vagere dvArA prApta mAhitI ekaThI karI, A pustikA pragaTa karela che. vaLI, vaDanagaranI mulAkAte AvatA pravAsIo, vidyArthIo vagerene yogya mAhitI maLI rahe te Azaya paNa rAkhyo che. prastuta pustikAmAM lekhake paurANikakAlathI samakAlIna samaya sudhInA vaDanagarane pratibiMbita karavAno prayatna karyo che. te sAthe nagaraabhidhAna sAhityakAro, saMgItakAro ane vaDanagarA nAgaro paranI aitihAsika saMdarbhamAM rajU karAyela vigato ghaNI ja upayogI banI rahe che. vaLI uttara gujarAtanA itihAsavid mu. DaoN. IzvaralAla ojhA dvArA A pustikA prakAzana mATe maLela mArgadarzana tenA mUlyamAM vRddhi kare che. Ama, samagra rIte lekhaka dvArA ApavAmAM AvelI mAhitI AdhArabhUta ane jANakArI vadhAranArI hovAthI jijJAsuo, saMzodhako, pravAsIoe A pustikA hAthavagI rAkhavI joIe. ne A dizAmAM lekhaka uttarottara AvA anya upayogI pradAna karatA rahe evI AzA rAkhuM chuM. DaoN. Ara. TI. sAvaliyA 116 sAmINa : 5. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sapTe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaiSNava purANonAM stotromAM bhakti ane darzana, le. Do. ravIndrakumAra pra. paTela, prAptisthAna : pArzva pablikezana, nizA poLa, rilIpha roDa, amadAvAda, kiM. rU. 130-00 paurANika bhakti ane darzanane vigate spaSTa karavAnA uddezathI DaoN. ravIndrakumAre 'vaiSNava purANonAM stotromAM 'bhakti ane darzana' nAmanA temanA pustakamAM pramukha cAra vaiSNavapurANo pasaMda karyA che. viSNupurANa, bhAgavatapurANa, nAradIyapurANa ane garuDapurANa. A vaiSNavapurANonA stotronA mAdhyamathI lekhake bhakti ane darzana saMbaMdhI tathyo temaja vigatonuM nirUpaNa ane samIkSaNa karavAno prayAsa karyo che. A pustaka be vibhAgomAM vaheMcAyela che. prathamavibhAgamAM 'vaiSNava purANonAM stotromAM bhakti' e viSaya antargata bhaktino uddabhava, vikAsa, svarUpa tathA prakAro darzAvyA che. bhaktinA uddabhava ane vikAsanI carcAmAM vaidika sAhitya, brAhmaNagrantho, upaniSado, ArSagranthono paNa viniyoga karela che. jayAre bIjA vibhAgamAM 'zrImad bhAgavata ane anyapurANonAM stotromAM darzana' e viSaya antargata avatAra nirUpaNa, brahmavicAraNA, zaktivicAra, jIvAtmA, jagatatattva, mokSavicAraNA jevA viSayonI chaNAvaTa karela che. A pustaka taiyAra karavA lekhake 68 jeTalA saMdarbhagranthono upayoga karela che. kula 200 pRSThanA A pustakanuM prakAzana I.sa. 2005mAM gujarAta rAjya, saMskRta sAhitya akAdamI, gAMdhInagaranI Arthika sahAyathI thayela che. pustakanA prakAzaka lekhaka pote che. zrIdhara sa. vyAsa saMskRta sAhityazAstra ane sauMdaryazAstra, lekhaka : prA. DaoN. razmikAnta pI. mahetA, prakAzaka : sarasvatI pustaka bhaMDAra, hAthIkhAnA, ratanapoLa, amadAvAda-380001, prathama AvRtti, varSa-2005-2006, mUlya - rU. 25, pRSTha saMkhyA - 26. pUrve saMskRtanA adhyApana kAryamAM saMlagna rahyA pachI pUrNataH saMzodhanakAryamAM rata banelA bho. je. vidyAbhavananA niyAmaka DaoN. Ara. pI. mahetAsAhebe temanI kArakirdImAM je vidhavidha pustako lakhyA che temAMnuM A eka zreSTha pustaka che. UGC nA mArgadarzana pramANe dakSiNa gujarAta yunivarsiTI ane saurASTra yunivarsiTInA anusnAtaka vidyArthIo mATenuM A ekamAtra saMpUrNa adyatana pustaka che. saMskRta sAhityazAstra ane sauMdaryazAstra nAmano A eka laghugrantha che. AmAM kula pAMca prakaraNa che, je kula 25 pAnAomAM patharAyelA che. prathama prakaraNa-sAhitya zAstra, tenA paryAyo ane arthomAM khUba suMdara rIte sAhitya ane zAstra ema banne padone samajAvavAmAM AvyA che. dvitIya prakaraNa - kAvyazAstranAH udbhava ane vikAsamAM AcArya rAjazekharakata kAvyazAstranA uddabhava ane vikAsane lagatA tathyone eka paurANika zailInA upAkhyAnanA svarUpamAM mUkI 4 anukaraNavRttio, 4 vRttio ane 3 rItinI utpatti batAvI che. tRtIya prakaraNa- bhAratIya sauMdarya zAstramAM sauMdarya zabdanA paryAyo ApI, sauMdaryanuM vivecana, bhAratIya ane pAzcAtya sauMdaryanI tulanA karIne tenI katiSaya vizeSatAonI vistRta chaNAvaTa karI che. kAvyazAstranA pramukha siddhAnto nAmanAM caturtha prakaraNamAM rasa, alaMkAra, rIti, dhvani, vakrokti ane aucitya jevA siddhAntone sauMdaryanA sAdhano tarIke gaNAvyA jemAM temanI eka saMzodhaka tarIkenI sUkSma dRSTi jovA maLe che. saMskRta kAvyazAstrano ItihAsa nAmanA paccama prakaraNamAM AcArya bharatathI zarU karIne paMDita jagannAtha sudhInA AlaMkArikonI vigate mAhitI ApyA pachI zeSa kapi AlaMkAriko no nirdeza karyo che. je vidyArthIone khUba upayogI thaze evuM mAruM mantavya che. graMthAvalokana 117 For Private and Personal Use Only

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sarasvatI pustaka bhaMDAra dvArA prakAzita anusnAtaka vidyArthIo mATenuM A pustaka saMskRtapremIo saMskRta abhyAsuo,vidvAno, temaja saMzodhakane khUba upayogI thaze. DaoN. nihArikA ke. paTela vyAkhyAtrI, saMskRtavibhAga, esa.vI. ArTsa kaoNleja, amadAvAda bhAvAbhivyakti, le. DaoN. kRSNakAnta kaDakiyA, prakAzaka : lekhaka pote, prApti sthAna, DaoN. kRSNakAnta kaDakiyA, ema. 82-385, "svarUpa" sarasvatI nagara, amadAvAda-380015. prathama AvRtti : 2006 kiMmata rU. 140.0), pRSTha saMkhyA - 256 DaoN. kRSNakAnta kaDakiyA pUrve gujarAtI adhyApana kAryanI sAthosAtha saMpUrNa rIte potAnAM manathI saMzodhanamAM rata rahyAM che. teo zALA kaoNlejamAM abhyAsa karatAM adhyApaka tarIke sevA ApatA ane pachI nivRtta thayA. te samayane AvarI laIne temaNe je abhyAsa lekho lakhyAM hatAM, temAMthI aprakAzita hatAM, temane graMthastha karavAno DaoN. kaDakiyAe prayAsa karyo che. emano A prayAsa saphaLa rahyo che. A saMgrahamAM sAhitya, itihAsa, dharma, arthakAraNa ane kalA ema anekavidha dRSTine dhyAnamAM rAkhI thayeluM lakhANa che; te lekhakanI bahuzrutatA darzAve che. kula 35 jeTalAM nAnAM moTAM lekhono A saMgraha 2. cho. parIkha, hiMdu dharma, ke.kA.zAstrI, bhavAI, prAcIna kalA vagerene lagatAM AsvAda mUlaka lekho che. lekhakane A prakAzana mATe abhinaMdana ghaTe che. nayanA adhvaryu myujhiyama sahAyaka, bho.je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda-9 118 sAmIpya: pu. 24, aMka 1-2, eprila - sahe., 2007 For Private and Personal Use Only

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lekhakone vijJapti 'sAmIpya'mAM prakAzita karavA mATe lekhakoe pRSThanI eka ja bAjue zAhIthI suvAcya akSare lakhelA lekha mokalavA vinaMtI che. zakya hoya to lekho TAIpa karI mokalavA jarUrI che. gUjarAta vidyApITha joDaNIkoza pramANenI joDaNI rAkhavI Avazyaka che. lekhanI mULa prata ja mokalavI. lekhanuM lakhANa 3,000 zabdothI vadhu lAMbuM na hovuM joIe. bhAratIya itihAsa, saMskRti, purAtattva ane yuropa ane anya dezo mATe prAcyavidyAne lagatA koI paNa viSaya parano saMzodhanAtmaka ke ucca kakSAno lekha ja svIkAravAmAM Avaze. lekhakoe pAdaTIpamAM saMdarbhagraMthanuM nAma, enA lekhaka ke saMpAdakanuM nAma, AvRtti, prakAzanasthaLa, varSa vagere vigato darzAvavI Avazyaka che. lekhanI sAthe jarUrI phoTogrApha, rekhAMkano vagere mokalavAM Avazyaka che. anyatra pragaTa thavA mokalelAM lakhANa A sAmayika mATe mokalavAM nahIM. ahIM pragaTa thatA lekhomAM vicAro lekhakanA che. tenI sAthe saMpAdako hamezAM sahamata che ema mAnavuM nahIM. sAmayikanAM A lakhANa kopIrAITathI surakSita karavAmAM Ave che. A sAmayikamAM prasiddha thayelA lekhanI 5 oNprinTsa lekhakone ApavAmAM Avaze. graMthAvalokana mATe graMthanI samIkSA karAvavA mATe pustakanI be nakala mokalavI anivArya gaNAze. je pustakanI eka nakala maLI haze tenI samIkSAne badale e aMge sAbhAra svIkAra noMdhamAM eno samAveza karavAmAM Avaze. pustaka samIkSAne yogya che ke kema eno nirNaya saMpAdako karaze. pustakanA samIkSakane emanA avalokananI pAMca oNphaprinTsa tathA emaNe avalokana karela graMthanI nakala bheTa apAze. -saMpAdako varSamAM cAra aMka bahAra paDe che : eprila-jUna, julAI-sapTembara, oNkTobara-Disembara ane jAnyuArI-mArca Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lavAjama bhAratamAM : rUA. 100/- (TapAla kharca sAthe) chUTaka aMkanI kiMmata : rU. 70/paradezamAM : yu.esa.e. mATe 8 Dolara (TapAla kharca sAthe) 3.50 pauMDa (TapAla kharca sAthe) lavAjama mATenuM varSa eprilathI mArca ma. o. patro, lekho ceko vagere 'niyAmaka, bho.je. adhyayana-saMzodhana-vidyAbhavana, ha.kA. ArTsa kaoNlejanA kampAunDamAM, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-380009, e saranAme mokalavA. jAherAto A traimAsikamAM jAherAto ApavA mATe lakho : saMpAdaka, 'sAmIpya' bho.je.adhyayana saMzodhana vidyAbhavana, ha.kA.ArTsa kaoNlejanA kampAunDamAM, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-380009. jAherAtanA dara aMdaranuM pRSTha AkhuM aMdaranuM pRSTha aDadhuM AvaraNa bIjuM/trIjuM AvaraNa cothuM rUA. 500/rUA.250/rUA.1000|rUA. 2000| prakAzaka : DaoN. razmikAnta mahetA niyAmaka, bho.je.vidyAbhavana, ha.kA.ArTsa kaoNleja kampAunDa, amadAvAda-380009 phona : 26588862 prakAzana varSa : sapTembara, 2007 : mudraka H kriSnA grAphiksa For Private and Personal Use Only 966, nAraNapurA jUnA gAma, amadAvAda-13, phona : 27494393

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra ratnadAsakRta harizcaMdrAkhyAna saMpA. prA. ke.kA.zAstrI, rU.50-00 gItagoviMda saMpA. DaoN. razmikAnta mahetA rU. 50-00 bhAratIya darzanamAM Atmatattva tathA paramAtmatattva vibhAvanA le. prA. sI.vI.rAvaLa pratimA saMpA. ke. 5, 2002 narasa mahetAnuM AkhyAna, ke, kuva madhyama saMpA. DaoN. razmikAnta mahetA, 2007 pratimA dazarathamuM ke.. kava pradhAnanI pratijJA ke..dhruva 2007 maMdirAMta pravezikA kiMvA saMskRta bIjI copaDI (saMpA.) ke.kA.zAstrI (anu.) rU. 100-00 mukhyayoSAtir saMpA. ke, ha. dhruva 2. 30-00 yupurALanAM aitihAsika tattva saMpA. DaoN. razmikAnta mahetA, 3. 40-00 eziyAI phUlo saMpA. DaoN. Ara.pI.mahetA,2007 rU. 40-4 sauMdaryayAtrA saMpA. DaoN. Ara.pI. mahetA, ane DaoN.Ara.TI.sAvaliyA 2007 2. 40-00 brahmarSi ke.kA.zAstrI zatAyurabhinaMdana graMtha saMpA. bhAratI zelata ane kRSNakAnta kaDakiyA 2005 2. 450-00 ke.kA.zAstrI graMthAvali graMtha 1 thI 10 saMpA. bhAratI zelata ane kRSNakAnta kaDakiyA 1. gujarAtI vizvakAsa, 205 2. vAgvibhava, 2005 3. bhAlaNa : eka adhyayana, 2005 4. kavicarita (bhAga 10, 2005 5. vicarita (bhAga 20, 2005 6. apabhraMza vyAkaraNa, 2005 7. narasiMha mehato : eka adhyayana, 2005 8. premAnaMda : eka adhyayana, 2005 9. akSara ane zabda, 2005 10. anuzIlana, 2005 bhojaprabaMdha pro. 3, kA.zAsI 1999 sAhitya ane vivecana ke..dhruva 195 svapnanI suhAgaNI ke.ha. dhruva 196 www.kobatirth.org 3. 60-00 rU. 70-00 2. 80-00 3. 95-00 rU. 95-00 23. 70-00 2. 95-00 2. 120-00 rU. 150-00 2. 125-00 3. 12-00 rU. 120-00 rU. 60-00 Gujarat Vidyasabha Premabhai Hall, Bhadra, Ahmedabad-380001 luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo pro. baMsIdhara bhaTTa 1996 yoga, anuyoga ane maMtrayoga DaoN. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA 2. 125-00 1996 2. 35-00 jaina darzana ane purAvastuvidyA DaoN. 2.nA.mahetA 3. 65-00 1996 rU. 40-00 saMskRta mArgopadezikA ke....dhruva 3. 32-00 rU. 65-00 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir HINDI adhyAtmavicAraNA kartA. paM. Do. sukhalAlajI saMghavI 1158 hra. 16-00 enAtana che. anu, DaoN. indubAlA jI. vo 192 4. 22-00 mathurAkalA Do. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla 1964 haiM. 20-00 jaina sampradAya meM mokSa, avatAra aura punarjanma Do. padmanAtha jainI 1982 hra. 10-00 ENGLISH PUBLICATIONS Archaeology & Ancient Indian History Dr. Hirananada Shastri 1944 Jiaminiyam Upadesa Sutram 3. 30-00 Out of Stock Indo-Aryan & Hindi Dr. Suniti Kumar Chatterji 1942 Gapadharavada Dr, E.A. Solomon 1966 Indian Culture in South East Asia Available at 2. 60-00 Festivals, Sports and Pastimes of India Dr. V. Raghavan 1979 For Private and Personal Use Only 2. 35-00 3. 50-00 Prof. K.V.Abhyankar (Ed. & trans.) 1951 Studies on Indian Art O.C. Ganguli 1953 The Conception of Spiritual Life in Mahatma Gandhi and Hindi Saints Prof. Dr. R.D. Ranade 1956 10-00 25-00 B. J. Institute Ashram Road Ahmedabad-380009 20-00 Dr. R.C.Majumdar 1970 Some Problems of Indian History and Culture Indian History and Culture Dr. D.C. Sircar 1974 20-00 Indian Dialectics, Vol. 1 Dr. E.A. Solomon 1976 80-00 15-00 20-00 20-00

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O : saMsthA dvArA prakAzita 'saptazatI' ane 'gItagoviMda' hastapratamAMnA raMgIna citronA kula sAta raMgIna kArDa vecANamAM mukelAM che. tenI kula kiMmata rUA. 14-00 che. prAptisthAna : bho. je. vidhAbhavana, AzramaroDa, amadAvAda-9 phona : 26588862 For Private and Personal Use Only