Apbhramsa Bharti 2001 13 14

Author(s): Kamalchand Sogani, Gyanchandra Khinduka
Publisher: Apbhramsa Sahitya Academy
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/521859/1

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apabhraMza bhAratI zodha-patrikA akTUbara, 2001-2002 13-14 gAugovI jIvI jainavidyA saMsthAna HOMzrI mahAvIrajI, HTION apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI rAjasthAna

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apabhraMza bhAratI vArSika zodha-patrikA akTUbara, 2001-2002 sampAdaka DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI zrI jJAnacandra khindUkA sampAdaka maNDala zrI navInakumAra baja zrI mahendrakumAra pATanI zrI azokakumAra jaina zrI jJAnacanda bilTIvAlA DaoN. jinezvaradAsa jaina DaoN. premacanda rA~vakA sahAyaka sampAdaka suzrI prIti jaina prabandha sampAdaka zrI narendra pATanI maMtrI, prabandhakAriNI kameTI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI prakAzaka apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI jainavidyA saMsthAna prabandhakAriNI kameTI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI (rAjasthAna)

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vArSika mUlya 30.00 ru. sAmAnyata: 60.00 ru. pustakAlaya hetu mudraka jayapura priNTarsa prA. li. jayapura pRSTha saMyojana AyuSa grAphiksa bApU nagara, jayapura phona : 94140-76708

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viSaya-sUcI lekhaka kA nAma pRSTha saMkhyA DaoN. Aditya pracaNDiyA mahAkavi svayaMbhU DaoN. maMju zukla mahAkavi svayaMbhU DaoN. madhubAlA nayAla kra.saM. viSaya prakAzakIya sampAdakIya apabhraMza sAhitya kI tatyugIna paristhitiyA~ jattha sarisuppalAI 'paumacariu' tathA rAmacaritamAnasa kI pramukha ghaTanAoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana sIyala chAya-layAharasayamaNohara 'paumacariu' : bhakti, vIra evaM zRMgAra rasa kA adbhuta samanvaya tahiM ujjeNipurI pariNivasai paumacariu kI sItA 8. ja jaNaha~ sucittaharA ___ karakaMDacariu meM saundaryavidhAna vitthiNNa paesu magahAdesu karakaMDacariu kI pramukha kAvyarUDhi -maMgalAcaraNa jasaharacariu meM nirUpita indriya saMyama- eka vivecana varavatthu rayaNadhAraNa NihANu jaina phAgu kI lokaparakatA 'rAulavela' meM varNita nArI ke vastrAbhUSaNa tathA zRMgAra-prasAdhana 16. prAkRta tathA apabhraMza granthoM meM ayodhyA mahAkavi raidhU zrImatI snehalatA jaina mahAkavi raidhU DaoN. trilokInAtha 'premI' mahAkavi raidhU DaoN. mahendrasAgara pracaNDiyA DaoN. ArAdhanA jaina 'svatantra' mahAkavi raidhU DaoN. zailendrakumAra tripAThI DaoN. harSanandinI bhATiyA zrI vedaprakAza garga

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. apabhraMza bhAratI (zodha-patrikA) sUcanAe~ patrikA sAmAnyataH varSa meM eka bAra, mahAvIra nirvANa divasa para prakAzita hogii| patrikA meM zodha-khoja, adhyayana-anusandhAna sambandhI maulika aprakAzita racanAoM ko hI sthAna milegA / racanAe~ jisa rUpa meM prApta hoMgI unheM prAyaH usI rUpa meM prakAzita kiyA jAegA / svabhAvataH tathyoM kI prAmANikatA Adi kA uttaradAyitva racanAkAra kA hogA / yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki prakAzaka, sampAdaka lekhakoM ke abhimata se sahamata hoN| racanAe~ kAgaja ke eka ora kama se kama 3 seNTImITara kA hAziyA chor3akara suvAcya akSaroM meM likhI athavA TAipa kI huI honI caahie| asvIkRta / aprakAzita racanAe~ lauTAI nahIM jAyeMgI / racanAe~ bhejane evaM anya prakAra ke patra - vyavahAra ke lie patA sampAdaka apabhraMza bhAratI apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI digambara jaina nasiyA~ bhaTTArakajI savAI rAmasiMha roDa jayapura - 302 004

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prakAzakIya apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya ke adhyayanakartAoM ke sammukha 'apabhraMza bhAratI' kA yaha saMyukta aMka (terahavA~-caudahavA~ aMka) prastuta karate hue harSa hai| ___ apabhraMza kA artha hai- lokbhaassaa/jnbolii| sAmAnya logoM kI bolacAla kI bhASA hI lokabhASA/janabolI hotI hai| lokabhASA/janabolI sAMskRtika mUlyoM kI vAhaka hotI hai| lokabhASA/janabolI badalatI calatI hai| IsA kI pA~cavI-chaThI zatAbdI meM lokabhASA/janabolI 'apabhraMza' sAhityika abhivyakti ke lie eka sazakta mAdhyama bana gii| . bhAratIya saMskRti ko samagrarUpa se jAnane ke lie lokabhASAoM ke sAhitya kA adhyayana eka anivAryatA hai| jana-jIvana meM vyApta sAMskRtika mUlyoM ko AtmasAta karane kI ora jhukAva lokabhASAoM ke sAhitya ke prati ruci jAgRta karane se hI hotI hai| isa tathya se prerita digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI dvArA san 1988 meM apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI' kI sthApanA kI gii| apabhraMza bhASA ke prati ruci jAgRta karane ke lie, usake adhyayana-adhyApana ke lakSya ko samyak dizA pradAna karane ke lie akAdamI se 'apabhraMza racanA saurabha', 'apabhraMza abhyAsa saurabha', 'apabhraMza kAvya saurabha', 'praur3ha apabhraMza racanA saurabha', 'prAkRta racanA saurabha', 'prAkRta abhyAsa saurabha', 'praur3ha prAkRta racanA saurabha', 'praur3ha prAkRta-apabhraMza racanA saurabha bhAga-2', 'prAkRta gadya-padya saurabha', 'apabhraMza : eka paricaya' Adi pustakoM kA prakAzana kiyA jA cukA hai| patrAcAra ke mAdhyama se akhila bhAratIya stara para 'apabhraMza sarTiphikeTa pAThyakrama va apabhraMza DiplomA pAThyakrama saMcAlita haiN| apabhraMza bhASA meM maulika lekhana ko protsAhana dene ke lie 'svayaMbhU puraskAra' bhI pradAna kiyA jAtA hai| jina vidvAn lekhakoM ke lekhoM se isa aMka kA kalevara banA hai unake hama AbhArI haiN| . patrikA ke sampAdaka, sahayogI sampAdaka evaM sampAdaka maNDala dhanyavAdAha haiN| aMka ke pRSTha-saMyojana ke lie AyuSa grAphiksa, jayapura evaM mudraNa ke lie jayapura priNTarsa prAiveTa limiTeDa, jayapura bhI dhanyavAdAha hai| narezakumAra seThI narendra pATanI mAnada maMtrI adhyakSa prabandhakAriNI kameTI, digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI (v)

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svayaMbhU puraskAra digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI (rAjasthAna ) dvArA saMcAlita apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI, jayapura dvArA apabhraMza sAhitya se sambandhita viSaya para hindI evaM aMgrejI meM racita racanAoM para 'svayaMbhU puraskAra' diyA jAtA hai| isa puraskAra meM 11,001 / - ( gyAraha haz2Ara eka) rupaye evaM prazasti-patra pradAna kiyA jAtA hai / puraskAra hetu niyamAvalI tathA Avedana-patra prApta karane ke lie akAdamI kAryAlaya - digambara jaina nasiyA~ bhaTTArakajI, savAI rAmasiMha jayapura - 4, se patra-vyavahAra kareM / roDa,

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"bhArata meM rAjanItika sattA ke sAtha-sAtha bhASA meM bhI parivartana hotA rahA hai| AryoM ke Agamana para yaha kendra pazcima rahA / punaH kauzala tathA magadha aura anta meM jaba saMskRta pradhAna bhASA ho gaI taba pazcima meM punaH navIna bhASAoM ne apanA vikAsa krama apnaayaa| yaha bhASAvaijJAnika tathya hai ki rAjanItika, Arthika tathA dhArmika kendronmukhatA ke kAraNa vividha sthAnIya boliyA~ eka vyApaka rASTrIya bhASA ke rUpa meM Dhala jAtI haiN| apabhraMza kA yuga prAyaH chaH sau IsavI se bAraha sau IsavI taka mAnA jAtA hai| rAjanItika sattA magadha ke kendra se haTakara prAya: prAcIna madhyadeza meM rhii| kannauja tathA mathurA ke Asa-pAsa ke nagara sAMskRtika kendra rhe| kabhI yaha dhArA pazcimonmukhI hokara gujarAta evaM mAlavA taka phuNcii|" sampAdakIya " apabhraMza sAhitya apanI yugacetanA se ekadama achUtA nahIM hai| inake kathAnAyakoM meM apane yuga ke zAsakoM ke svabhAva, ruci, rIti-nIti, vidyAnurAga aura dhArmika manovRtti lakSita kI jA sakatI hai|" " apabhraMza kAvya-paramparA meM mahAkavi svayaMbhUdeva kA 'paumacariu' apane maulika kathA-prasaMgoM evaM zilpagata vizeSatAoM kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai / pA~coM kANDoM - vidyAdhara kANDa, ayodhyA kANDa, sundara kANDa, yuddha kANDa evaM uttara kANDa ke rUpa meM ba~TI kathA kI 90 sandhiyA~ adbhuta kAvyapratibhA kA paricaya hai| bhAmaha, daNDI, rudraTa evaM AcArya vizvanAtha dvArA mahAkAvya ke svarUpa kI prastuta kI gaI kasauTiyoM meM kathAnaka, sarga-nibandhana, mahAn caritra avatAraNA, utkRSTa evaM alaMkRta zailI, caturvargasiddhi, varNya vastu - vistAra evaM rasa - yojanA mahattvapUrNa hai| svayaMbhU kA 'paumacariu' ina mAnadaNDoM para kharA siddha hote hue rasa- yojanA kI dRSTi se atyanta prabhaviSNu hai / " " abhivyaJjanA kA mAdhyama hai zabda | svayaMbhUdeva zabdoM kI AtmA ko, bhASA kI bArIkiyoM ko pakar3ate hue apabhraMza bhASA ke sUkSma aura gUr3ha niyamoM kA sAvadhAnI se pAlana karate hai / " "udAtta abhivyakti ke pA~ca pramukha srota mAne gaye haiM 1. mahAn dhAraNAoM kI kSamatA, preraNA 2. - prasUta Avega, 3. alaMkAroM kI samucita yojanA, 4. utkRSTa bhASA 5. garimAmaya evaM arjita racanA - vidhAna / 'paumacariu' meM lagabhaga ye sabhI srota vidyamAna haiM / jIvanabhara kSudra uddezyoM evaM vicAroM meM (vii)

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grasta vyakti ke lie svayaMbhUdeva kA 'paumacariu' unake prakarSa meM sahAyaka hai| Avega kI to yahA~ koI kamI nahIM / dayA, zoka, bhaya, sAhasa, dhairya - sabhI ke prasaMga mahAkAvya meM vidyamAna haiN|" "mahilAoM ke strItva kI rakSA hetu una mahilAoM ko Adarza rUpa meM rakhane kI Avazyaka hai jo sadiyoM se Atmika vikAsa ke anamola ratna rahI haiN| ' "apabhraMza bhASA ke mahAkavi svayaMbhU dvArA racita 'paumacariu' kAvya kI nAyikA sItA bhI aisA hI Adarza ratna hai jo pratyeka mahilA ko sahaja citta, zIlavAna, guNAnurAgI tathA nItijJa banane kA sandeza detI hai / vaha yaha bhI ghoSaNA karatI hai ki ina guNoM ko apanAkara Aja bhI vaha vizva ke sandarbha meM bhAratIya saMskRti ke lupta hote hue gaurava ko punaH pratiSThita sthAna dilavAne meM samartha hai| " 'paumacariu' kI sItA nArI-sulabha sahajabhAvoM se yukta hone se sahajacitta hai| isa rUpa meM vaha kabhI bhayabhIta hokara karuNa vilApa karatI huI apane bhAgya ko kosatI najara AtI hai to kabhI mAtRtva bhAva se zubhakAmanAe~ detI huI dikhatI hai| vahI sItA rAvaNa dvArA haraNa kiye jAne para rAma se kyuikta hotI hai to apane zIla kI rakSA ke prayatna meM kaThora bana jAtI hai| usake jIvana meM zIla ke saundarya ko vikRta karanevAle aneka upasargakArI prasaMga Ate haiM kintu vaha upasargoM kI usa ghar3I meM avicalita hokara apane zIla kI rakSA to karatI hI hai sAtha hI upasarga karanevAloM ko bhI prabhAvahIna kara detI hai| zIla-saundarya ko malina karanevAle ye upasarga bhinnabhinna vyaktiyoM dvArA bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM hue haiN| sItA ne bhI apane zIla kI rakSA meM unhIM upasargoM ke ThIka anurUpa bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM hI apane viveka kA upayoga kiyA hai / 66 isa taraha ina sahaja, komala tathA zIla kI rakSA meM kaThora bhAvoM se yukta saundarya ko prApta sItA ke jIvana ke pakSoM ko kavi svayaMbhU ne apane 'paumacariu' meM bahuta hI sarala evaM sundara rUpa meM saMjoyA hai / " 'yadyapi 'paumacariu' tathA 'mAnasa' donoM meM hI aneka avAntara prasaMga Aye haiM jo mUlakathA ko gati pradAna karane ke sAtha hI vibhinnatA bhI pradAna karate haiM parantu donoM mahAkAvyoM meM mUlakathA eka hone ke uparAnta bhI avAntara kathAe~ nitAnta bhinna haiM / cariu meM varNita avAntara kathAe~ isa prakAra haiM - vibhinna vaMzoM, yathA vidyAdhara - ikSvAku ityAdi kI utpatti, bharata - bAhubali AkhyAna, bhAmaNDala AkhyAna, rudrabhUti aura bAlikhilya kI kathA, vajrakarNa tathA siMhodara kI kathA, rAjA anantavIrya kI kathA, pavanaMjaya AkhyAna, varuNagA~va ke kapila muni, yakSanagarI, kulabhUSaNa - dezabhUSaNa muniyoM kI kathAe~ ityAdi / - mAnasa meM avAntara kathAoM ke antargata jo kathAe~ lI jA sakatI haiM ve isa prakAra haiMziva-pArvatI kathA, vizvamohinI kI kathA, manu-zatarUpA AkhyAna, kaikeyadeza ke rAjA pratApabhAnu ke pUrvajanma kI kathA, jaya-vijaya kI kathA, kazyapa-aditi AkhyAna, niSAdarAja, guha, bharadvAja, (viii)

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agastya, sutIkSNa RSiyoM se bheMTavArtA, ahalyoddhAra, jayanta-prakaraNa, zabarI, zUrpanakhA, mantharA, jaTAyu, sumantra, sampAtI, tAr3akA, kharadUSaNa tathA parazurAma prasaMga, prbhRti| isake atirikta rAvaNa tathA kAkabhuzuNDi ke caritra ko bhI prAsaMgika kathAoM ke antargata liyA jA sakatA hai|' " karakaMDacariu kA kavi saundarya kA saccA citrakAra hai| sAtha hI, saundarya vidhAna meM usakI urvara kalpanA ne anUThA yogadAna diyA haiN| tabhI to aneka bhAvAtmaka prasaMgoM kI udbhAvanA karake kathA ko rasasikta kara diyA hai| jahA~ usane vividha bimboM kI avataraNA kI hai vahA~ varNana meM bhI utprekSA alaMkAra ke sahAre sundara citra hI nirmita kara diye haiN| rUpa-citraNa aura bhAvaAkalana meM usakI kArayitrI - pratibhA ne sacamuca kamAla hI kara diyA hai| usakI lokAnubhUti aura lokajIvana ke sUkSma paryavekSaNa kI kSamatA nirAlI hai| isI se vItarAgI saMnyAsI hone para bhI usane apanI rasAtmakatA kA sahaja paricaya diyA hai aura saundarya-vidhAna meM kahIM alaMkAroM ke sahAre aura kahIM kalpanA ke dvArA bhavya bimba banAye haiM jinameM madhuratA hai, sarasatA hai| sArAMzataH unakA samUcA saundarya-vidhAna kAvya kI rasAnubhUti meM sarvatra saphala hai| usake saundarya-bodha meM anta:karaNa kA yoga hai tathA usake citraNa meM gahana AntarikatA evaM AdhyAtmika vRtti kA saMcaraNa * huA hai| usameM kalAtmakatA aura bhavyatA 'jasahara cariu' meM kathA va upadeza ke mAdhyama se nirUpita indriya-saMyama kI aura unmukta va anAvazyaka bhogoM se bacane kI preraNA dI gaI hai| isakA lAilAja bImAriyoM se bacane, zArIrika-mAnasika svAsthya pradAna karane meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna / isase bhogopabhoga-sAmagrI ke saMcaya kI vRtti bhI niyantrita hotI hai tathA anya ko bhI usakI prApti ke sahaja avasara mila jAte haiN| indriya-saMyama, ahiMsAdi vRttiyA~ mAnava ko svAvalambI banAtI haiN| yaha AtmotthAna kI yAtrA ke pathika ke lie zreSThatama sambala hai / " 66 'rAulavela' meM varNita vibhinna nAyikAoM ke vastrAbhUSaNoM aura zRMgAra-prasAdhanoM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki usa samaya AbhUSaNoM ko vizeSa mahattva diyA jAtA thA / kavi ne nAyikAoM kA varNana karate samaya prayatna kiyA hai ki kucha yathArtha aura camatkAra lAne ke lie usa kSetra vizeSa kI nAyikA ke vastrAbhUSaNa - varNana meM usa kSetra kI bhASA kA prayoga ho / " " apabhraMza kI prabandhamUlaka kAvyAbhivyakti meM 'maMgalAcaraNa' eka suparicita kAvyarUr3hi hai| maMgalAcAraNa eka yaugika zabda hai / 'maMgala' aura 'AcaraNa' se milakara isa zabda kA gaThana hotA hai / 'maMgala' maMgalAcaraNa kA pUrva aura apUrva rUpa hai| 'maMgala' zabda kA artha hai - puNya, pUta, pavitra, prazasta, ziva, bhadra, kSema, kalyANa, zubha aura saukhya / ye sabhI zabdArtha 'maMgala' zabda ke paryAyavAcI haiN|' 'kAvya ke prArambha meM maMgalAcaraNa prathA aura pracalana apabhraMza ke prArambha se hI parilakSita hai|" "apabhraMza ke 'maMgalAcaraNa' prayoga kI isI paramparA kI anumodanA paravartI apabhraMza kavivara muni zrI kanakAmara ne apane karakaMDacariu kAvya meM bhI kI hai|" "apabhraMza ke "" (ix)

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paravartI kAvya vizeSakara hindI vAGmaya meM kavirUr3hiyoM kI bhA~ti 'maMgalAcaraNa' kA prayoga anivArya ho gayA hai| " "jaina phAgu-varNanoM meM dhArmikatA ke sAtha aihikatA kA itanA adhika mizraNa hai ki kabhIkabhI to pAThaka ko bhI bhrama hone lagatA hai ki kahIM zrRMgAra-varNana to nahIM ho rahA hai !" " jahA~ para jaina kaviyoM ne laukika lokAcAra ko sAmane rakhA vahA~ para sAhityikatA ke zreSTha aMza hameM dikha jAte haiM / " "prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya meM mahAnagarI ayodhyA ke aneka varNana prApta haiN| ayodhyA kI gaNanA dasa prAcIna mahA-rAjadhAniyoM evaM uttarApatha kI pA~ca mahAnagariyoM meM kI gaI hai|' " " isa pAvana mahAnagarI ke jaise sundara evaM bhaktipUrNa varNana jaina sAhitya meM milate haiM vaise anyatra durlabha haiM, kyoMki jaina matAvalambiyoM ke anusAra RSabhadevajI Adi pA~ca tIrthaMkaroM kI janmasthalI hai aura unake ( 24 ) tIrthaMkaroM meM se 22 ikSvAkuvaMzI the| ayodhyA ko hI ikSvAkuvaMziyoM kI rAjadhAnI kahalAne kA gaurava prApta hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki anya nagariyoM kI apekSA ayodhyA ko jainoM ne adhika mahattva diyA hai|" "apabhraMza ke jaina kavi yoM to vItarAgI saMnyAsI the; phira bhI, apanI kAvya-kRtiyoM ke saundarya-vidhAna meM unakI kArayitrI - pratibhA ne kahIM koI kasara nahIM chor3I hai| vastu-saundarya, bhAvasaundarya, alaMkAra - saundarya, rUpa-saundarya, prakRti-saundarya, anubhUti - saundarya tathA loka-sAMskRtikasaundarya Adi sabhI ke saMghaTana meM unakI navanavonmeSazAlina kalA aura kalpanA kA sahaja paricaya milatA hai| sacamuca, unakA saundarya-bodha anUThA hai| isake lie unheM jahA~ jo upAdAna milA usI kA ucita sthAna para prayoga karake kathA-kAvyoM ko advitIya banA diyA hai / kAvya saundarya kI sAdhanA hI to hai / saundaryAnubhUti kA Ananda se anivArya sambandha hai| saundarya-sRjana aura saundarya-bhAvana meM sRSTA aura sahRdaya kI svAda - ruci kA sApekSika mahattva hai| nidAna saMnyAsI hone para bhI ye saundarya ke prati udAsIna kaise raha sakate the ? aura saca bAta to yaha hai ki vikArahIna hRdaya ko hI saundaryAnubhUti athavA kAvya kI rasAnubhUti hotI hai| inase to mAnavIya antaHkaraNa prAMjala aura pariSkRta hotA hai| tabhI to sahRdaya meM sat kA prAdurbhAva hone se vaha kAvya-rasa kA AsvAdana karatA hai| jIvana meM kaThora saMyama ke kAraNa ye kavi-muni aura AcArya avazya svayaM ko jala meM kamala - patravat hI banAye rakhate hoMge tathA saundarya evaM kAvyarasa se abhibhUta hokara Anandita rahate hoNge| isa dRSTi se inakA kAvya-sRjana jahA~ inakI saundarya cetanA se achUtA nahIM rahA hai, vahA~ apane parA-Adarza aura uddezya ko bhI pAne meM samartha huA hai| dhArmika upalabdhi hI inakA pradhAna prayojana hai| isalie kathA loka-jIvana meM vistAra pAkara anta meM jaina muni ke dIkSA-saMskAra meM pariNata ho jAtI hai aura kavi ko saundarya-vidhAna kA pUrA-pUrA avasara mila jAtA hai jisase usameM rasAtmakatA kA udreka hotA hai| " (x)

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vidvAn-lekhakoM, jinake lekhoM se isa aMka ko yaha rUpa milA, unake prati AbhArI haiN| saMsthAna samiti, sampAdaka maNDala evaM sahayogI kAryakartAoM ke bhI AbhArI haiN| pRSThasaMyojana hetu AyuSa grAphiksa, jayapura tathA mudraNa hetu jayapura priNTarsa prAIveTa limiTeDa, jayapura dhanyavAdAha haiN| -DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI (xi)

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 akTUbara 2001-2002 apabhraMza sAhitya kI tatyugIna paristhitiyA~ - DaoN. Aditya pracaNDiyA apabhraMza sAhitya ke racanAkAroM kA dRSTikoNa dhArmika hone ke kAraNa apabhraMza sAhitya kI bhUmikA meM dhArmika vicAradhArA kI pradhAnatA hai| bhArata meM rAjanItika sattA ke sAtha-sAtha bhASA meM bhI parivartana hotA rahA hai| AryoM ke Agamana para yaha kendra pazcima rahA punaH kauzala tathA magadha aura anta meM jaba saMskRta pradhAna bhASA ho gaI taba pazcima meM puna: navIna bhASAoM ne apanA vikAsa-krama apnaayaa|' yaha bhASA-vaijJAnika tathya hai ki rAjanItika, Arthika tathA dhArmika kendronmukhatA ke kAraNa vividha sthAnIya boliyA~ eka vyApaka rASTrIya bhASA ke rUpa meM Dhala jAtI haiN| apabhraMza kA yuga prAyaH chaha sau IsavI se bAraha sau IsavI taka mAnA jAtA hai|' rAjanItika sattA magadha ke kendra se haTakara prAyaH prAcIna madhyadeza meM rhii| kannauja tathA mathurA ke Asa-pAsa ke nagara sAMskRtika kendra rhe| kabhI yaha dhArA pazcimonmukhI hokara gujarAta evaM mAlavA taka phuNcii| yadyapi apabhraMza sAhitya meM rAjanItika cetanA kA abhAva hai tathApi apabhraMzakAlIna paristhitiyoM kI jAnakArI isa sAhitya ke samyak svAdhyAya meM sahAyaka hogii| yahA~ hameM rAjanItika, dhArmika, sAmAjika aura sAhityika paristhitiyoM ke lekhA-jokhA kI prastuti apekSita hai| rAjanItika paristhitiyA~ gupta sAmrAjya ke chinna-bhinna ho jAne para IsA kI chaThI zatI meM rAjanItika sattA kA kendra magadha se haTa gyaa| hUNoM ke satata AkramaNa aura atyAcAroM se avyavasthA phailI aura

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 navIna rAjanItika vibhAgoM kA udaya huaa| pUrvI kAThiyAvAr3a meM vallabhIrAja kA AvirbhAva huaa| gurjara logoM ne apane lie navIna rAjya kI sthApanA kii| isa prakAra gujarAta kAThiyAvAr3a, paMjAba, dakSiNa mAravAr3a tathA kannauja meM magadha ke zaktihIna sAmrAjya ke sAtha navIna rAjyoM kA prAdurbhAva huaa| sAtavIM zatI kI zurUAta meM thAnesara arthAt kurukSetra meM prabhAkaravardhana ne uttarapatha kI ora apanI zakti kA vardhana kiyaa| harSavardhana uttara bhArata kI bikharI rAjakIya sattA kI bAgaDora sambhAle rhe| harSavardhana ne cIna meM bhI apane dUta bheje aura cIna ke dUta bhI kannauja aae| harSavardhana kI taraha pulakezI dvitIya dakSiNa meM zaktizAlI rAjA thaa| inake rAjya meM IrAna ke rAjA khusaroM ne apane dUta bheje| araboM ne sAta sau dasa IsavI meM sindha para vijaya prApta kara lii| bhArata meM punaH jAgRti kI lahara daur3a gaI aura arabiyoM kA prasAra usa dizA se ruka gyaa| parantu arabiyoM ke praveza se hindU tathA araba saMskRti kA dAna-pradAna cala pddaa| bhArata ke hinda manISI bagadAda gae aura araba ke vidyArthI bhArata meM aaye| darzana, vaidyaka, jyotiSa, itihAsa evaM kAvya Adi granthoM kA anuvAda arabI meM huaa| bhArata se gaNita kA jJAna aura paMcataMtra kI kahAniyA~ Adi arabiyoM dvArA hI yUropa ko prApta huii| navIM zatI meM kannauja para punaH pratihAroM kA Adhipatya huA kyoMki harSa ke sAmrAjya ke chinna-bhinna hone para uttara bhArata aneka rAjya-khaNDoM meM vibhakta ho gayA thaa| inameM se pUrva meM bihAra-baMgAla ke pAla, pazcima meM gujarAta-mAlavA ke pratihAra aura dakSiNa meM mAnyakheTa ke rASTrakUTa mukhya the| ye tInoM kannauja ko hastagata karanA cAhate the lekina navIM zatI meM bhoja aura usake vaMzajoM ne kannauja para Adhipatya prApta kiyaa| kannauja bhArata ke sabase pratApI rAjAoM kI rAjadhAnI bana gyaa| ina saba zaktiyoM aura rASTroM meM se pratihAra aura rASTrakUTa hI bhaugolika sthiti ke kAraNa bhArata meM bAhya AkramaNa ko rokane meM samartha the aura inake adhIna choTe-choTe rAjA prAyaH paraspara meM lar3ate rahate the| dasavIM zatI meM choTe-choTe rAjyoM meM Apasa meM lar3AI hotI rahI jisameM unameM kSatriyocita vIratA aura parAkrama kI bhAvanA sadaiva pradIpta rhii| rAjya ko unnata rakhane kI pravRtti bhI pnpii| kabhI-kabhI eka rAjya dUsare rAjya ke parAbhava ke lie videziyoM se sahayoga lene meM hicakate nahIM the| rAjA ke prati AdarabhAva thA lekina rASTra kI bhAvanA ubuddha na ho pAI thii| gyArahavIM zatI se aphagAnistAna kI ora se islAma ke nae AkramaNa Arambha ho ge| gyArahavIM tathA bArahavIM zatI meM bhArata kI hindU zakti atyanta chinna-bhinna ho gii| pAla, gahar3avAra, cAlukya, candela aura cauhAnoM ke atirikta gurjara, solaMkI tathA mAlavA meM paramAra vaMza ke svatantra rAjya sthApita hue| ina vibhinna rAjyoM kI pArasparika pratispardhA evaM saMgharSa itihAsa meM prasiddha hai| inameM saMgaThana kA sarvathA abhAva thaa| ata: AkramaNakArI sattA ko inheM parAjita karane meM kisI vizeSa parizrama kI AvazyakatA na huii| bArahavIM zatI meM ajamera ke cauhAnoM ne puna: AtI huI islAma kI rokane kA prayatna kiyA paranta asaphala rhe| phalasvarUpa terahavIM zatI se hindaoM kI

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 3 rAjazakti pUrNa asta-vyasta evaM chinna-bhinna ho gaI aura dhIre-dhIre samasta uttarApatha islAma ke adhIna ho gayA / dhArmika paristhitiyA~ dhArmika kSetra meM aneka mata-matAntaroM kA janma huA / 'harSacarita' ke aSTama adhyAya meM divAkara mizra ke Azrama meM rahanevAle unnIsa sampradAyoM ke anuyAyiyoM ke nAma ginAe haiM / arhata, maskarI, zvetapaTa, pANDuribhikSu, bhAgavata, varNI, kezaluMcana, kAmila, jaina, lokAyatika, kANAda, aupaniSada, aizvarakAraNika, kAraMdhamI, dharmazAstrI, paurANika, sAptatantava zAbda, pA~carAtrika Adi divAkara mizra ke Azrama meM nAnAdezIya siddhAnta vidyamAna the / " isase vidita hotA hai ki bhArata meM bauddha, jaina tathA vaidika dharmoM kA pracura parimANa meM pracAra thA / uttarArdha meM islAma dharma kA praveza ho gayA / yaha sukhada Azcarya hai ki sabhI dharmAvalambiyoM ne apabhraMza meM racanA kI aura una racanAoM dhArmika prabhAva parilakSita hai| bauddhadharma mahAtmA buddha kA madhyama mArga thA jisameM AcAra, zuddhatA, ahiMsA tathA sarvajanahitAya kI bhAvanA baddhamUla thI / varNAzrama dharma kI mAnyatA na thI / harSavardhana ke samaya bauddhadharma avanata aura vikRti kI sthiti meM thA / bauddhadharma mahAyAna aura hInayAna meM vibhakta huaa| mahAyAna bhI aneka upayAnoM meM vibhakta ho gayA / mahAyAna kA zUnyavAda aura vijJAnavAda sAdhAraNa janatA ko prabhAvita na kara skaa| isameM mahAsukhavAda ke sammizraNa se vajrayAna prAdurbhAva huaa| maMtra-taMtroM kA prayoga bar3hane lgaa| maMtra, haThayoga aura maithuna - ina tIna tattvoM ke samAveza se bauddha dharma maMtrayAna meM pariNata ho gayA / ' maMtrayAna, vajrayAna tathA sahajayAna bauddhadharma ke hI vikRta rUpa the / sahajayAna kA lakSya thA ki sahaja mAnava kI jo AvazyakatAe~ haiM unheM sahaja rUpa meM pUrA hone diyA jaae| lekina sahajayAna meM bhI taMtra, maMtra, bhUta-preta, jAdU-TonA Adi aneka mithyAdhAraNAoM kA prAbalya ho gayA / sahajayAna tathA vajrayAna se siddha bahuta prabhAvita hue / caurAsI siddhoM dvArA hI bauddhadharma adhika prabhAvotpAdaka bnaa| cInI yAtriyoM ke lekhoM se saMghoM kI patanAvasthA kA saMketa prApta hotA hai| isa kAla ke rASTrakUTa aura gurjara solaMkI rAjAoM meM se kucha kA jainadharma para bahuta anurAga thA, kintu ina rAjAoM para jainadharma kI ahiMsA kA adhika prabhAva na par3A thaa| jaina gRhastha hI nahIM jaina muni bhI talavAra kI ( vIra rasa kI ) mahimA gAte hue dekhe jAte haiN| jainadharma meM vyApArI varga kA prAdhAnya thA kintu aneka vyApAra karanevAlI jAtiyoM ne jinhoMne jainadharma ko apanAyA unhoMne isa dharma ke ahiMsA siddhAnta ko khUba nibhaayaa| inameM se aneka jAtiyoM ne jo pahale kSatriya jAtiyA~ thIM, kisI samaya zakoM aura yavanoM se lohA liyA thA, aba lakSmI kI zaraNa meM jAkara unhoMne apane kSatriyocita parAkrama ko kho diyA / dayA aura ahiMsA, vrata, upavAsa aura tapasyA kI jaina dharma meM pradhAnatA rhii|" jainadharma bhI kAlAntara meM digambara tathA zvetAmbara do AmnAyoM meM ba~Ta gyaa| dakSiNa meM digambara tathA gujarAta-rAjapUtAnA meM zvetAmbaroM kA prAdhAnya rhaa|

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 jainoM ne apabhraMza sAhitya kI surakSA meM bahuta yogadAna diyA hai| inakA sAhitya bar3A sampanna hai| jainoM ne dArzanika granthoM ke atirikta kAvya, nATaka, vyAkaraNa, jyotiSa, Ayurveda, koza, chanda, alaMkAra, gaNita tathA rAjanIti Adi viSayoM para bhI likhA hai| phira gujarAtI, hindI, rAjasthAnI, telugU, tamila aura vizeSarUpa se kanar3I sAhitya meM usake pradeya kA Adhikya hai|" jainAcArya apane pANDitya se aneka rAjAoM ke kRpApAtra bane aura unase aneka grAma dAna-rUpa meM prApta kie| dakSiNa meM zaivadharma ke prabala hone se jainadharma ko dhakkA lgaa| zaivadharma hI jainadharma ko dakSiNa se ukhAr3ane kA pradhAna kAraNa hai| gujarAta aura rAjapUtAnA meM jahA~ rAjapUta-kSatriya apanI talavAra aura zastra vidyA ke lie prasiddha the, jainadharma kA pracAra honA Azcarya hI hai| hiMsA aura ahiMsA kI lahara bhArata meM krama-krama se AtI-jAtI rhii| isa kAla meM phira ahiMsA kI lahara z2ora se AI, jisase sArA bhArata prabhAvita ho gyaa| gujarAta, mAlavA aura rAjapUtAnA meM isI lahara ke prabhAva se jainadharma phira camaka paDA aura isameM hemacandra jaise aneka jaina AcAryoM kA yogadAna ullekhanIya rahA hai| yadyapi jainadharma uttara bhArata ke anya pradezoM meM aura baMgAla meM na phaila sakA tathApi aneka jaina vyApArI ina pradezoM meM bhI phaile aura ahiMsA kA pracAra vaiSNavadharma ke sAtha sindhu nadI se lekara brahmaputra taka ho gyaa| ahiMsA ke sAtha pazu-hiMsA aura mAMsabhakSaNa bhI ruka ge| vaiSNavadharma meM jainoM ke samAna tapa aura tyAga kI vaha kaThoratA na thI, ataeva janasAmAnya ne ise saralatA aura zIghratA se svIkAra liyaa|" isa prakAra gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatAbdI meM pazcima bhArata meM jainadharma, dakSiNa meM zaivadharma, pUrva meM aura uttara meM vaiSNavadharma vizeSa rUpa se phailA huA thaa| vaiSNava aura zaiva bhI aneka matoM meM ba~Ta ge| una sabake apane-apane dhArmika siddhAnta, vicAra aura dhAraNAe~ bana gaI thiiN| inhIM se utpanna bhinna-bhinna dArzanika vicAradhArAoM meM vidvAna ulajha ge| paraspara bheda-bhAvanA bar3ha gii| bhinna-bhinna devI-devatAoM kI pUjA ke lie bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke Agama evaM taMtra-granthoM kA praNayana huaa| vicArabheda ke anusAra samAja meM bhI aneka parivartana ho ge| prAcIna vaidika dharma meM dhIre-dhIre parirvatana hotA rhaa| paramAtmA ke bhinna-bhinna nAmoM ko devatA mAnakara unakI pRthak-pRthak upAsanA Arambha ho gaI thii| Izvara kI bhinna-bhinna zaktiyoM aura devatAoM kI patniyoM kI bhI pUjA hone lgii| brAhmI, mAhezvarI, kaumArI, vaiSNavI, bArAhI, narasiMhI aura aiMdrI- ina sAta zaktiyoM ko mAtRkA ko nAma diyA gyaa| kAlI, karAlI, cAmuNDA aura caNDI nAmaka bhayaMkara aura rudra zaktiyoM kI bhI kalpanA kI gii| Ananda bhairavI, tripura-sundarI aura lalitA Adi viSayavilAsaparaka zaktiyoM kI bhI kalpanA kI gii| unake upAsaka zAkta, ziva aura tripurasundarI ke yoga se hI saMsAra kI utpatti mAnate the| vaidika jJAna ke manda par3a jAne para purANoM kA pracAra huaa| paurANika saMskAroM kA pracalana cala pdd'aa| paurANika devatAoM kI pUjA bar3ha gii| yajJa kama ho gae, zrAddha-tarpaNa bar3ha gayA / mandiroM aura maThoM kA nirmANa bar3hatA gyaa| vratoM,

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 prAyazcitoM kA vidhAna smRtiyoM meM hone lgaa| pratyeka vyakti apanI icchAnusAra kisI devatA kI pUjA kara sakatA thaa| sabhI devatA Izvara kI bhinna-bhinna zaktiyoM ke pratinidhi the| kannauja ke pratihAra rAjAoM meM yadi eka vaiSNava thA, to dUsarA parama zaiva, tIsarA bhagavatI kA upAsaka, cauthA parama Aditya-bhakta / jainAcAryoM ne mAtA-pitA ke vibhinna dharmAvalambI hone para bhI unake Adara-satkAra kA spaSTa upadeza diyA hai| terahavIM zatI se pUrva deva-devatAoM kI mUrtiyA~ prAyaH bhinna-bhinna bhAvoM ke mUrta pratIka ke rUpa meM pratiSThita thiiN| sAdhAraNa janatA meM yaha mUrtipUjA jar3a-pUjA meM pariNata ho gii| musalamAnoM kI dharmAndhatA jyoM-jyoM mUrtiyoM ko tor3ane meM agrasara huI tyoM-tyoM mUrtiyoM kI rakSA kI bhAvanA bhI jar3a pakar3atI gii| pUjA meM ADambara A gyaa| karmakANDa kA jaMjAla khar3A ho gyaa| isa pravRtti ke viruddha deza meM eka lahara calI jisake pravartaka mukhyataH santa the| inhoMne dharma ke isa kriyA-kalApa aura bAhyarUpa kI apekSA bhaktibhAvaparaka Antarika rUpa para bala diyaa| islAma ke sUphI sampradAya ne bhI yahI kiyaa| ina santoM ne bhakti ke lie jAtibheda kI saMkIrNatA se Upara uThakara dharma ke mArga ko prazasta kiyaa| AThavIM zatI kI zurUAta meM hI arabI bhArata meM praviSTa ho ge| dasavIM zatI taka ve sindha aura multAna se Age na bar3ha pAye kintu gyArahavIM zatI ke Arambha meM hI lAhaura meM bhI muslima rAjya sthApita ho gyaa| sUphiyoM kA hindI para prabhAva muslima saMskRti ke bhArata meM praveza hone se hI pdd'aa| bArahavIM zatI ke AkramaNoM aura mandiroM ko lUTane kA jo pariNAma huA usakA prabhAva hindU santoM para bhI pdd'aa| islAma kI pratiSThA ho jAne para aneka hindU-muslima santa aise the jinhoMne donoM ke bhedabhAva ko miTAne kA satprayAsa kiyaa| sAmAjika paristhiti - sAmAjika sthiti meM parivartana tIvratA se ho rahA thaa| jAtIya dharma kA pracalana thaa| brAhmaNa aura kisAna bhI senA meM bharatI hote the| U~cI jAti ke logoM meM sadAcAra uccastara kA thaa| ucca kula kI striyA~ zAsana meM bhAga letI thii| dakSiNa ke rAjagharAnoM kI striyA~ saMgIta aura nRtya meM adhika kuzala thiiN| ve sArvajanika pradarzana meM bhI bhAga letI thiiN| rAjakumAriyoM ko sAhitya aura lalita kalAoM kI zikSA dI jAtI thii| isa yuga meM rAjyasevA kI apekSA vyApArI yA kisAna honA pratiSThA kA prasaMga hotA thaa| pratyeka varga aneka jAtiyoM-upajAtiyoM meM vibhakta ho jAne se bheda-bhAva nirantara bar3ha rahA thaa| phalataH samasta jAtiyA~ zithila ho jAne ke kAraNa musalamAna AkrAntAoM kA sAmanA na kara skiiN| pradhAnata: pratyeka varga smRti-pratipAdita dharma kA hI anuSThAna karatA thA kintu brAhmaNa apane purohita karma ke atirikta anya vargoM ke peze ko bhI svIkAra karatA thA aura kSatriya bhI apane karttavya ke sAtha-sAtha zAstracintana meM lIna thaa| aneka rAjapUta zAsaka apane bala-parAkrama ke sAtha-sAtha vidyA aura pANDitya meM bhI vikhyAta hue| aneka rAjAoM ne zastra aura zAstra donoM meM samAna rUpa se apanI pratibhA kA lohA mnvaayaa| bhoja, govindacandra, ballAlasena, lakSmaNasena,

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 rAjendra cola Adi aneka rAjA isake nidarzana haiN| kRSi-karma prArambha meM vaizyoM kA hI kArya thA kintu aneka vaizya bauddha aura jaina dharma ke prabhAva ke kAraNa isa karma ko hiMsAyukta aura pApamaya samajhakara chor3a baiThe the| yaha karma bhI zUdroM ko karanA pdd'aa| kintu navamI-dasavIM zatI meM kRSi-karma kA vidhAna brAhmaNoM aura kSatriyoM ke lie bhI hone laMga gayA thA kintu khAnapAna, chuA-chUta, antarajAtIya vivAha Adi kI prathAoM meM dhIre-dhIre kaTTaratA Ane lagI aura bheda-bhAva bar3hatA gyaa| bAla-vivAha vizeSakara kanyAoM kA bAlyAvasthA meM vivAha bhI prArambha ho gyaa| isa kAla ke rAjAoM aura dhanADhyoM meM bahu-patnI vivAha kI prathA pracalita thI jaisAki aneka granthoM se siddha hotA hai| isa prakAra caudahavIM-pandrahavIM zatI taka rAjanIti jIvana ke sAtha-sAtha bhAratIyoM kA sAmAjika jIvana bhI jIrNa-zIrNa ho gayA thaa| yadyapi samAja kA DhA~cA isa prakAra zithila ho gayA thA tathApi usameM bAhya prabhAva se AkrAnta na hokara apanI sattA banAe rakhane kI kSamatA AMzika rUpa meM vidyamAna rhii| samAja ne dRr3hatApUrvaka videziyoM kI sabhyatA aura saMskRti kA sAmanA kiyaa| sAhityika paristhiti jJAna, kalA aura sAhitya kA unnata rUpa guptayuga meM thaa| darzana, gaNita, jyotiSa, kAvya-sAhitya sabhI aMgoM meM bhAratIyoM ne guptayuga meM jo unnati kI usakA krama eka-do zatI bAda taka calatA rhaa| nAlandA aura vikramazilA ke bihAra jJAna ke prasiddha kendra the| kannauja bhI vaidika aura paurANika zikSA kA kendra thaa| dhIre-dhIre jJAna-saritA kA pravAha kucha manda ho gyaa| alaMkAroM ke Adhikya se kAvyoM meM vaha svAbhAvikatA aura vaha oja na rhaa| bhASyoM aura TIkA-TippaNiyoM ke bAhulya se maulikatA kA sarvathA abhAva ho gyaa| gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI meM kazmIra aura kAzI hI nahIM baMgAla meM nadiyA, dakSiNa bhArata meM taMjaura aura mahArASTra meM kalyANa bhI vidyA ke kendroM ke lie prasiddha ho gae the| kannauja aura ujjaina bhI pUrvavat vidyA-kendra bane hue the| alaMkArazAstra, darzana, dharmazAstra, nyAya, vyAkaraNa, jyotiSa, vaidyaka aura saMgIta Adi viSaya jJAna ke kSetra the| isa kAla meM kAvya prakAza, siddhAnta ziromaNi, naiSadhacarita, gIta-govinda, rAjataMragiNI jaise aneka grantha prasUta hue| saMskRta ke atirikta prAkRta aura apabhraMza meM bhI granthoM kI sarjanA ho rahI thii| baMgAla meM caurAsI siddhoM ne apabhraMza meM racanAe~ kii| pAlavaMzI bauddha the| unhoMne lokabhASA ko protsAhita kiyaa| svayaMbhU aura puSpadanta jaise apabhraMza bhASA ke krAntidarzI kaviyoM ne bhI rASTrakUTa rAjAoM ke Azraya meM apabhraMza sAhitya ko varddhita kiyaa| muMja aura bhoja prAkRta ke sAtha-sAtha apabhraMzapremI bhI the| apabhraMza ke racayitAoM ne saMskRta kAvyoM kA svAdhyAya kiyA thaa| bANa kI zleSa zailI puSpadanta meM spaSTa rUpa se parilakSita hai| svayaMbhU ne apane pUrvavartI kaviyoM ke prati kRtajJatA jJApita kI hai| jainAcAryoM ne adhikAMza grantha zrAvakoM ke Agraha para hI race haiN| zrAvakoM kI bhASA bolacAla kI bhASA hotI thii| ataeva jainAcArya tatkAlIna lokabhASA apabhraMza meM hI

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 sAhitya kI sarjanA karate the| isa prakAra jaina, bauddha, hinduoM ke atirikta musalamAnoM ne bhI apabhraMza meM racanA kii| samagrataH dhArmika aura paurANika hote hue bhI apabhraMza sAhitya apanI yugacetanA se ekadama achUtA nahIM hai| inake kathAnAyakoM meM apane yuga ke zAsakoM ke svabhAva, ruci, rItinIti, vidyAnurAga aura dhArmika manovRtti lakSita kI jA sakatI hai| 1. rAisa DeviDsa, buddhisTa iNDiyA, pRSTha 96 ambAdatta panta, apabhraMza kAvyaparamparA aura vidyApati, pRSTha 133 varadAcArI, hisTrI oNfa iNDiyA, bhAga eka jayacandra vidyAlaMkAra, itihAsapraveza, pRSTha 178 harivaMza kochar3a, apabhraMza sAhitya, pRSTha 27 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, harSacarita eka sAMskRtika adhyayana, pRSTha 105 rAhula, purAtattva nibandhAvalI, pRSTha 139 ambAdatta panta, apabhraMza kAvyaparamparA aura vidyApati, pRSTha 138 jugamandiralAla jainI, AuTalAinsa oNpha jainiz2ma, pRSTha 7-26 DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI, hindI sAhitya kI bhUmikA, pRSTha 257 harivaMza kochar3a, apabhraMza sAhitya, pRSTha 29 gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda ojhA, madhyakAlIna bhAratIya saMskRti, pRSTha 27 devendrakumAra jaina, apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya, pRSTha 51 sI.vI. vaidya, hisTrI oNfa miDIvala hindU iNDiyA, bhAga 2, pRSTha 18 Aditya pracaNDiyA, apabhraMza bhASA kA pAribhASika koza, pRSTha 42-43 alakA pracaNDiyA, apabhraMza kAvya kI lokoktiyoM aura muhAvaroM kA hindI para prabhAva, pRSTha 15-16 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. maMgala kalaza - 394, sarvodayanagara, AgarA roDa alIgar3ha - 202 001 (uttarapradeza)

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8 jattha sarisuppalAI - jatthaM sattha-vicchulAI / maccha- kaccha5-vicchulAI // yahaMsa sohiyAiM / mattahatthi DohiyAI // bhItaraMga bhaMgurAI / tArahAra paMDurAI // paumiNI karaMbiyAI / caMcarIya cuMbiyAI // mAruppa (Aya) beviyAI / cakkavAya seviyAI // Nakka - gAha-mANiyAiM / erisAI pANiyAMi // seyaNIla lohiyAI / sUrarAsi bohiyAI // matta chappayAulAI / jattha sarisuppalAI || - - - - - - apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 riTTaNemicariu 2.2. matsyoM aura kachuoM se jisa ( sarovara) meM jala prANI samUha se ApUrita hai, jo vyApta hai, rAjahaMsoM se zobhita hai, matavAle hAthiyoM se Andolita hai, bhayaMkara laharoM se vakra hai, svaccha hAra kI taraha dhavala hai, kamaliniyoM se aMcita hai, bhramaroM se cumbita hai, havAoM se kampita hai, cakravAkoM se sevita hai, magaroM aura grAhoM ke dvArA sammAnita hai| isa prakAra ke sarovara ke jala meM zveta, nIle aura lAla, sUrya kI kiraNoM se vikasita, matavAle bhramaroM se Akula sarasa kamala the| anu. - DaoN. devendrakumAra jaina

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 maMgalAcaraNa akTUbara 2001-2002 9 'paumacariu' tathA 'rAmacaritamAnasa' kI pramukha ghaTanAoM kA tulanAtmaka vivecana DaoN. maMju zukla apabhraMza bhASA ke mahAkavi svayaMbhU - kRta 'paumacariu' tathA hindI bhASA ke mahAkavi tulasIkRta 'rAmacaritamAnasa' kI pramukha ghaTanAoM ke tulanAtmaka vivecana kI zrRMkhalA meM sabase pahale donoM mahAkAvyoM kI prArambhika paMktiyoM arthAt maMgalAcaraNa kA ullekha Avazyaka hai| 'paumacariu' meM mAtra prArambha meM hI RSabhajina' tathA caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI abhyarthanA kI gaI hai ' parantu 'rAmacaritamAnasa' meM na kevala prArambha meM maMgalAcaraNa varNita kiyA gayA hai varan pratyeka kANDa arthAt sAtoM kANDoM ke prArambha meM maMgalAcaraNa se kiyA gayA hai| vaha bhI pRthak-pRthak vidhiyoM se jo 'mAnasa' kI prabhaviSNutA meM vRddhi karatA hai| dazaratha kI rAniyA~ tathA putroM kA ullekha 'paumacariu' ke anusAra rAjA dazaratha kI cAra rAniyA~ thIM- aparAjitA, sumitrA, kaikeyI tathA suprabhA jinase kramazaH rAma, lakSmaNa, bharata tathA zatrughna utpanna hue| 'mAnasa' meM rAjA dazaratha kI tIna rAniyoM kA ullekha milatA hai kauzalyA, sumitrA tathA kaikeyI / inameM se rAma kauzalyA ke putra, lakSmaNa tathA zatrughna sumitrA ke tathA bharata kaikeyI ke putra ' yahA~ para dazaratha kI rAniyoM ke nAma tathA saMkhyA donoM meM hI bheda dikhAI detA hai /

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 'paumacariu' ke anusAra jahA~ rAjA dazaratha kI cAra rAniyA~ thI tathA una sabhI se eka-eka putra utpanna thA vahIM 'mAnasa' ke anusAra dazaratha kI tIna rAniyA~ thIM jinameM do rAniyoM ke eka-eka putra tathA eka rAnI ke do putra hone kA ullekha prApta hotA hai / sItA-utpatti AkhyAna 10 'paumacariu' ke anusAra rAjA janaka ke sItA nAmaka putrI tathA bhAmaNDala nAmaka putra utpanna huA parantu 'mAnasa' meM prArambha meM kahIM bhI sItA-janma kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai aura na hI kahIM sItA ke bhAI kA ullekha kiyA gayA / 'paumacariu' meM sItA kI kathA unake janma se prArambha hotI hai parantu mAnasa meM sItA kI kathA puSpavATikA se prArambha hotI hai| vahIM rAma ko unakA prathama darzana hotA hai tathA usake uparAnta hI sItA tathA rAma kA svayaMvara hotA hai / rAma ke vana-gamana ke samaya bharata kI sthiti 'paumacariu' ke anusAra rAma ke rAjyAbhiSeka tathA rAma ke vanagamana ke samaya bharata ayodhyA meM hI the, unakI upasthiti meM hI rAma vanavAsa ko gaye / parantu 'mAnasa' meM rAma ke vanagamana ke samaya bharata apane nanihAla meM the, rAma ke vana prasthAna ke uparAnta unakA ayodhyA Agamana hotA hai / parantu eka tathya donoM meM hI samAna hai- bharata kA dazaratha tathA kaikeyI ke prati virodha tathA unakI rAma meM ananya bhakti evaM anupama anurAga / rAma ke vanavAsa kI avadhi 'paumacariu' meM rAma ke vanavAsa kI avadhi solaha varSa hai tathA 'mAnasa' meM yaha avadhi caudaha varSa hai / rAma ke vanagamana ke uparAnta dazaratha kI sthiti 'paumacariu' ke anusAra rAma ke vana gamana ke uparAnta dazaratha dIkSA grahaNa kara lete haiN| parantu 'mAnasa' ke anusAra rAma vanagamana uparAnta zokAtura dazaratha mRtyu ko prApta ho jAte haiN| vana-mArga kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 'paumacariu' ke anusAra rAma vanagamana ke prasaMga meM vana mArga isa prakAra thA - ayodhyA se prasthAna karake rAma tathA sItA lakSmaNasahita gambhIra nadI pAra karate haiM, vahA~ se dakSiNa kI ora prasthAna karate haiM, yahIM madhya meM rAma kI bharata tathA kaikeyI se bheMTa hotI hai| svayaMbhU usa sthAna vizeSa kA nAmollekha nahIM karate haiM, usa sthAna vizeSa ke sambandha meM mAtra itanA ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki vahA~ eka sarovara va latAgRha thA / vahA~ se rAma bharata ko ayodhyA bhejakara tApasa vana, dhAnuSka vana tathA bhIla bastI se hote hue do mAha citrakUTa meM rahane ke uparAnta dazapura nagara praveza karate haiM / taduparAnta nalakUbara nagara se viMdhyagiri kI ora prasthAna

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 11 karate haiN| usake pazcAt narmadA tathA tAptI nadI pAra karake daNDaka vana se kroMca nadI pAra karake vaMzasthala nagara kI sImA meM praveza karate haiM / svayaMbhU dvArA varNita vanamArga ko dekhane se eka tathya spaSTa hotA hai ki svayaMbhU kI dRSTi dakSiNa kI ora hI kendrita rahI hai| unhoMne vanamArga meM gaMgA jaisI pracalita nadI kA ullekha taka nahIM kiyA hai / 'mAnasa' meM vana - mAtrA kA mArga 'AdirAmAyaNa' ke anusAra varNita kiyA gayA hai, ayodhyA se rAma-sItA kA lakSmaNasahita zRMgaverapura pahu~canA, vahA~ niSAda se bheMTa karake gaMgA nadI pAra karake prayAga pahu~canA / bharadvAja se bheMTa karake yamunA pAra pahu~canA, tatpazcAt citrakUTa pahu~canA, vahA~ se daNDaka vana meM praveza, taduparAnta paMcavaTI pahu~cakara godAvarI ke samIpa nivAsa / usake bAda RSyamUka parvata tathA pampAsarovara kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| tatpazcAt mAlyavAn parvata kA varNana kiyA gayA hai jahA~ rAma sItA ke viyoga meM varSA Rtu vyatIta karate haiN| hanumAna ke laMkA se vApasa Ane ke uparAnta rAma senAsahita subela parvata para nivAsa karate haiM / vahA~ zrIrAmezvara kI sthApanA ke uparAnta samudra para setu bA~dhakara laMkA meM praveza karate haiM / zambUkakumAra prasaMga rAvaNa kI bahana tathA pAtAlalaMkA ke rAjA khara kI patnI candranakhA kA putra zambUkakumAra 'sUryahAsa khaDga' kI prApti hetu tapasyA kara rahA thA / akasmAt anajAne hI lakSmaNa ke hAthoM usakI mRtyu ho jAtI hai| 'paumacariu' meM zambUka kA vadha karane kA lakSmaNa kA koI prayojana nahIM thA / zambUka vadha kA ullekha vAlmIki tathA bhavabhUti ne bhI apanIapanI rAma - kathAoM meM kiyA hai parantu kiMcit bhinnatA ke sAtha / 'vAlmIki rAmAyaNa' meM rAma zambUka kA vadha mAtra isaliye karate haiM kyoMki vaha zUdra-putra hote hue bhI tapasyA kara rahA thA / vAlmIki ke rAma ke mana meM zambUka ko vadha karate samaya kisI bhI prakAra kA karuNa bhAva nahIM thA parantu bhavabhUti ke rAma ke mana meM eka bAra karuNa bhAva jAgrata hotA / yahA~ para 'paumacariu' tathA 'vAlmIki rAmAyaNa' evaM bhavabhUti rAmAyaNa meM kiMcit bhinnatAoM ke atirikta mukhya antara yaha hai ki 'paumacariu' meM jahA~ zambUka kA vadha lakSmaNa dvArA hotA hai vahIM ina donoM rAmakAvyoM meM rAma dvArA hotA hai / parantu 'mAnasa' meM zambUka-vadha prasaMga kA kahIM bhI koI ullekha prApta nahIM hotA hai / mAyA- sItA kA prasaMga 'rAmacaritamAnasa' meM zUrpanakhA - prasaMga ke uparAnta yaha ullekha AtA hai ki rAma sItA se kahate haiM ki maiM aba kucha manohara manuSya - lIlA karU~gA / isaliye jaba taka maiM rAkSasoM kA nAza karU~ taba taka tuma agni meM nivAsa karo, yaha sunakara sItA rAma ke caraNoM meM mastaka navAkara agni meM samA gayIM / sItA ne apane hI guNoM se yukta eka pratimUrti vahA~ rakha dI, isa rahasya se lakSmaNa bhI paricita nahIM ho sake, kyoMki usa samaya vahA~ lakSmaNa nahIM the /

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12 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 'paumacariu' meM isa prakAra ke mAyA-sItA kA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| mArIca-prasaMga 'mAnasa' meM mArIca kA prasaMga eka rAkSasa ke rUpa meM huA hai jisase rAvaNa sItAharaNa meM sahAyatA lene hetu bheMTa karatA hai| mAyA-mRga kA rUpa dhAraNa karake tathA siMhanAda karake vaha apanA kArya pUrNa karatA hai parantu yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki 'mAnasa' meM mArIca rAma ke alaukika rUpa se pUrNa paricita hai. vaha rAvaNa ko samajhAtA bhI hai paranta rAvaNa ke haTha ko dekhakara bhaya tathA vivaza hokara vaha mAyA-mRga banatA hai, usane vicAra kiyA ki manA karane para rAvaNa usakA vadha kara degaa| rAvaNa ke hAthoM marane se acchA hai ki rAma ke hAthoM se hI mRtyu ko prApta karU~! antataH vaha zraddhAsahita rAma kA smaraNa karake mRtyugati ko prApta hotA hai| vaha anta samaya rAma ke samakSa apanA rAkSasI rUpa prakaTa karatA hai tathA unakA smaraNa karatA hai| rAma usake hArdika prema ko pahacAnakara use vaha paramapada pradAna karate haiM jo muniyoM ko bhI durlabha haiN| 'paumacariu' meM yahI varNana kiMcit parivartita rUpa meM prApta hotA hai| isameM mArIca zabda kA ullekha nahIM huA hai varan sItA ko dekhane ke uparAnta rAvaNa unmAdita hokara avalokinI vidyA kA dhyAna karatA hai| avalokinI vidyA ko prakaTa hone para rAvaNa usase sItAharaNa meM sahAyatA mA~gatA hai, isa para avalokinI vidyA use bhaviSya hetu saceta karatI hai aura isa kArya hetu manA karatI hai ki sItAharaNa pratyeka dRSTi se hAnikAraka hai parantu rAvaNa itanA unmAdita hai ki use sItA kI tulanA meM svayaM kA, laMkA kA vinAza svIkAra hai| rAvaNa ke zabda draSTavya haiM- yahI eka manuSyanI strI hai jo yadi eka muhUrta ke lie jilA detI hai to usa ziva (mokSa) ke zAzvata sukha kI tulanA meM mere lie yahI bahuta hai| rAvaNa ke viSayAsakta citta ko pahacAnakara avalokinI vidyA rAvaNa ko saMketa karatI hai ki siMhanAda kA saMketa sunakara rAma lakSmaNa kI sahAyatArtha, jo khara-dUSaNa ke sAtha yuddharata haiM, cale jAyeMge, usa samaya sItAharaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra paumacariu meM sItAharaNa meM avalokinI vidyA sahAyatA karatI hai usI prakAra mAnasa meM maariic| donoM kA kArya eka hai kinta nAma tathA rUpa meM antara hai| rAvaNa dvArA sItAharaNa ke uparAnta sItA ko vana meM rakhanA paumacariu ke anusAra rAvaNa sItA ko nandanavana meM rakhatA hai| mAnasa meM rAvaNa sItA ko azoka vana meM rakhatA hai| zabarI-prasaMga tathA navadhA-bhakti upadeza mAnasa meM rAma jaba sItA kI khoja hetu jAte haiM to mArga meM zabarI kA Azrama par3atA hai| rAma zabarI kA uddhAra karate haiM tathA use navadhA-bhakti kA upadeza dete haiN| navadhA-bhakti saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai -

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. santoM kA satsaMga / mere kathA - prasaMga meM prema / abhimAnarahita hokara guru ke caraNakamaloM kI sevA / kapaTa chor3akara mere guNasamUhoM kA gAna karanA / mere (rAma) maMtra kA jApa tathA mujha meM dRr3ha vizvAsa | 1335 indriyoM kA nigraha, zIla (acchA svabhAva yA caritra ) / bahuta kAryoM se vairAgya / nirantara santa puruSoM ke dharma (AcaraNa) meM lage rahanA / sampUrNa jagat ko samabhAva se mujha meM otaprota dekhanA / yahI navadhA bhakti hai / paumacariu meM yaha prasaMga nahIM hai| lakSmaNa ko zakti laganA paumacariu meM yaha prasaMga chiyAsaThavIM sandhi se unahattaravIM sandhi taka varNita kiyA gayA hai / paumacariu meM lakSmaNa ko Ahata karane hetu rAvaNa zakti kA prayoga karatA hai| mAnasa meM meghanAda dvArA prayukta vIraghAtinI zakti se lakSmaNa Ahata hote / paumacariu meM lakSmaNa ke upacAra kA upAya rAjA praticandra batAte haiM ki rAjA droNaghana kI putrI vizalyA ke snAna ke lakSmaNa ThIka ho sakate haiN| mAnasa meM jAmbavAn lakSmaNa ke upacAra hetu laMkA ke vaidya suSeNa kA paricaya dete haiM / jala mAnasa meM jahA~ saMjIvanI bUTI lAne hetu mAtra hanumAna jAte haiM vahIM paumacariu meM vizalyA ko lAne hetu hanumAna, aMgada tathA bhAmaNDala jAte haiN| mAnasa meM mArga meM hanumAna kI mAtra bharata se saMkSipta bheMTa tathA vArtA hotI hai; paumacariu meM hanumAna, aMgada tathA bhAmaNDala kI bharata, dazaratha kI samasta rAniyoM, droNaghana ityAdi se bheMTavArtA hotI hai| paumacariu meM lakSmaNa vizalyA ke snAna ke jala se apanI cetanAvasthA ko prApta karate haiN| lakSmaNa kI vizalyA meM Asakti dekhakara unakA vizalyA ke sAtha pANigrahaNa kara diyA jAtA hai| mAnasa meM lakSmaNa saMjIvanI bUTI se cetana ho pAte haiM / rAvaNa dvArA sandhi hetu rAma ke pAsa dUta bhejanA vizalyA ke snAna ke jala se lakSmaNa ke cetana hone kA samAcAra sunakara nizAcara - pakSa meM khalabalI maca jAtI hai| mandodarI puna: rAvaNa ko samajhAtI hai ki yadi svayaM kA tathA rAjya kA hita cAhate ho to sItA ko vApasa kara do| rAvaNa socatA hai ki jaba zatrusenA yuddha hetu tatpara hai, jaba zambUkumAra kA vadha kara diyA gayA, candranakhA tathA kUbara kA apamAna huA,

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14 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 AzAlI vidyA naSTa ho gayI, vibhISaNa bhI calA gayA hai, indrajIta tathA bhAnukarNa bandIgRha meM haiM, nandanavana ujar3a gayA, kyA ina paristhitiyoM ke uparAnta sandhi kA prastAva ucita hogA ? taba rAvaNa mandodarI se kahatA hai ki itanA saba-kucha hone para bhI maiM tumhArI icchA kA apamAna nahIM karanA caahtaa| maiM sandhi eka zarta para kara sakatA hU~- 'rAma rAjya, ratna, koSa saba kucha le leM badale meM tumheM, mujhe aura sItA ko chor3a deN|' __yaha prastAba sunakara mandodarI kahatI hai ki 'kauna jAna sakatA hai ki rAma dharatI lekara jAnakI ko de deMge!' rAvaNa kA yaha prastAva lekara dUta prasthAna karatA hai| vahA~ rAma use premapUrvaka Asana dete haiM, prastAva ko sunakara rAma kahate haiM ki mujhe mAtra sItA cAhiye bAkI saba kucha rAvaNa rakha leN| isa para dUta atyanta azobhana vacana kahatA hai, jisase sainika use apamAnita karake niSkAsita kara dete haiN| mAnasa meM lakSmaNa ke cetana hone ke uparAnta yaha prasaMga nahIM AyA hai ki rAvaNa sandhi hetu kisI dUta ko rAma ke pAsa bhejate haiN|' rAvaNa dvArA Ayojita yajJa kA varNana ___paumacariu meM ikahattaravIM tathA bahattaravIM sandhi meM rAvaNa kI ArAdhanA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai jo vaha bahurUpiNI vidyA kI prApti hetu kara rahA thaa| paumacariu ke anusAra rAvaNa aMga tathA aMgada ke vyavadhAna utpanna karane ke uparAnta bhI bahurUpiNI vidyA ko prApta karatA rAmacaritamAnasa ke laMkAkANDa meM bhI eka prasaMga AyA hai jisameM rAvaNa yuddha ke uparAnta kucha yajJa karatA hai, vibhISaNa yaha samAcAra rAma ko jAkara detA hai tathA sAtha hI yaha salAha bhI detA hai ki vAnara yoddhAoM ko bhejakara yajJa kA vidhvaMsa karAiye anyathA yajJa siddha ho jAne para rAvaNa ko mAranA duSkara hogaa| taba vAnara jAkara usake yajJa meM vyavadhAna utpanna karate haiM tathA antata: yajJa vidhvaMsa kara DAlate haiN| yahA~ para paumacariu tathA mAnasa meM yaha antara hai ki mAnasa meM yaha varNana paumacariu ke samAna vistArapUrvaka nahIM varNita kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya, paumacariu meM rAvaNa kisI bhI paristhiti se vicalita nahIM hotA hai tathA antata: bahurUpiNI vidyA ko prApta karane meM saphala ho jAtA hai parantu mAnasa meM rAvaNa vAnaroM ke utpAta se kruddha hokara yajJa ke madhya se hI uThakara vAnaroM ko mArane lagatA hai aura vAnara yajJa vidhvaMsa kara dete hai|' rAvaNa-vadha paumacariu ke antima kANDa, yuddhakANDa kI prArambhika arthAt pacahattaravIM sandhi meM rAvaNa-vadha kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| paumacariu meM lakSmaNa tathA rAvaNa kA ghamAsAna yuddha

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 dikhAyA gayA hai| rAvaNa dvArA bahurUpiNI vidyA ke kAraNa lakSmaNa bAra-bAra bhramita hote haiM, antata: lakSmaNa apane hAtha meM cakra le lete haiM taba rAvaNa lakSmaNa ko prahAra hetu lalakAratA hai| lakSmaNa rAvaNa ke lalakArane se kuddha hokara usa para cakra se AghAta karate haiM, jisase rAvaNa mRtyu ko prApta hotA hai| mAnasa meM rAvaNa kA vadha rAma karate haiN| yahA~ para eka anya tathya dhyAna dene yogya hai ki paumacariu meM jaba lakSmaNa va rAvaNa kA yuddha ho rahA thA usa samaya vibhISaNa yaha cintana karake AzaMkita hotA hai ki 'Aja laMkA nagarI miTa jAyegI, rAvaNa mArA jAyegA, santati naSTa huI, mandodarI, vaibhava tathA rAjya saba kucha naSTa ho jaayegaa| vibhISaNa ko AzaMkita tathA cintita dekhakara hI lakSmaNa kahate haiM ki dhairya rakho, sItA arpita karane para rAvaNa ko kSamA kara duuNgaa|' mAnasa meM aisA koI prasaMga nahIM milatA hai jisameM rAvaNavadha ke pUrva vibhISaNa isa prakAra laMkA tathA rAvaNa hetu cintita ho varan mAnasa meM svayaM vibhISaNa rAma ko batAtA hai ki rAvaNa ke nAbhi meM tIra mArane para hI usakI mRtyu hogii| sItA-nirvAsana prasaMga paumacariu meM sItA-nirvAsana kA prasaMga uttarakANDa kI ikyAsIvI sandhi meM kiyA gayA hai| ikyAsIvIM sandhi ke prArambha se hI isa prasaMga kI pRSTha-bhUmi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 4 svayaMbhU kA isa sambandha meM mata hai ki rAma dvArA sItA ko nirvAsana kiye jAne kA mukhya kAraNa lokApavAda thaa| sItA rAma se svayaM dvArA dekhe gaye eka svapna kA artha pUchatI haiM, rAma batAte haiM ki ve zIghra do putroM ko janma deNgii| rAma sItA se unakI manokAmanA pUchate haiM, sItA jina bhagavAn kI abhyarthanA kI icchA prakaTa karatI haiM, rAma nandanavana meM sItA ke sAtha paramajina kI ArAdhanA karate haiM, usI samaya prajAjana vahA~ Akara rAma se kahate haiM- he parama paramezvara rAma, Apa raghakalarUpI pavitra AkAza meM candramA ke samAna haiM phira bhI yadi Apa svayaM isa aparAdha kA apane mana meM vicAra nahIM karate to yaha ayodhyA nagara Apase nivedana karanA caahegaa| khoTI striyA~ unmukta rUpa se parapuruSoM ke sAtha ramaNa kara rahI haiM aura pUchane para unakA uttara hotA hai ki kyA sItAdevI varSoM taka rAvaNa ke ghara para nahIM rahIM ? aura Ane ke pazcAt kyA rAma ne sItAdevI kA upabhoga nahIM kiyA ? rAma yaha sunakara vicAramagna ho jAte haiM aura sAmAjikoM ke vyavahAra tathA mAnasikatA ke bAra meM socate haiN| prajAjanoM kI bAteM sunakara rAma duHkhI hote haiM, lakSmaNa krodhita ho jAte haiN| lakSmaNa kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra maiMne yuddhasthala meM khara tathA rAvaNa kA vadha kiyA vahI hAla maiM sItA kI nindA karanevAloM kA karU~gA parantu rAma lakSmaNa ko zAnta karake kahate haiM ki 'he bhAI ! tuma ise dUra karo, janakatanayA ko kahIM bhI vana meM chor3a Ao, cAhe vaha mare yA jiye, usase aba kyA ? kyA dinamaNi ke sAtha rAta raha sakatI hai ? raghukula meM kalaMka mata lagane do, tribhuvana meM kahIM ayaza kA DaMkA na piTa jAye," yaha sunakara lakSmaNa niruttara ho jAte haiN| sArathi duHkhI mana se sItA ko vana meM chor3a AtA hai| sArathi vana meM sItA se kahate haiM - 'he devI, rAma hI jAna sakate haiM, isameM merA doSa nahIM hai|

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16 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 halAhala-viSa pI lenA acchA, parantu aise sevAdharma kA pAlana karanA acchA nahIM jisameM dUsaroM kI AjJAoM kA dukhadAyI pAtra bananA par3atA hai|'' yaha kahakara sArathi atyanta duHkhI mana se vApasa calA jAtA hai| sItA isa nirvAsana ke duHkha ko sahana na kara sakI aura karuNa vilApa karane lagI, sItA Arta svara meM kahatI haiM - 'saMsAra meM kucha bhI bana jAnA acchA hai parantu koI strI mere samAna abhAgya, nirAzA aura duHkha kI pAtra na bne| 18 svayaMbhU ne sItA nirvAsana kA prasaMga atyanta karuNa bhAva se abhivyaMjita kiyA hai| tulasIdAsa ke 'mAnasa' meM isa prasaMga kA abhAva parilakSita hotA hai| sItA kI agni-parIkSA kA prasaMga ___ 'paumacariu' kI terAsIvIM sandhi meM sItA kI agni-parIkSA kA prasaMga varNita kiyA gayA hai| jaba vibhISaNa, aMgada, sugrIva tathA hanumAn prabhRti puSpaka vimAna se sItA ko ayodhyA le jAne hetu Ate haiM to sItA kahatI haiM ki jisa rAma ne mujhe biyAvAna jaMgala meM nirvAsita kiyA, usakI jalana saikar3oM meghoM kI varSA se bhI zAnta nahIM ho sktii| phira bhI Apa logoM kA yadi anurodha hai to maiM calatI huuN|" sItA godhUli velA meM kauzalanagarI pahu~catI haiM tathA usI upavana meM jAkara baiTha jAtI haiM jahA~ unheM nirvAsana diyA gayA thaa| prAta:kAla hone para rAma ne sItA ke kAntimAna mukhamaNDala ko dekhakara kahA ki strI cAhe kitanI hI kulIna aura anindya ho vaha atyanta nirlajja hotI hai| bhaya se ve apane kaTAkSa tirache dikhAtI haiM parantu unakI mati kuTila hotI hai tathA unakA ahaMkAra bar3hA hotA hai| bAhara se DhITha hotI haiM tathA guNoM se rhit| unake sau Tukar3e bhI kara diye jAyeM phira bhI hIna nahIM hotiiN| apane kula meM dAg2a lagAne se nahIM jhijhakatIM aura na isa bAta se ki tribhuvana meM unake ayaza kA DaMkA baja sakatA hai| aMga sameTakara dhikkAranevAle pati ko kaise apanA mukha dikhAtI haiM !" rAma ke sItA ke prati uparyukta vacana atyanta nindanIya haiM, yahA~ para rAma ke vacanoM meM mAtra puruSatva kA ahaM abhivyakta ho rahA hai| rAma ke strI ke prati ina uparyukta vacanoM ko sunakara sItA nara-nArI meM bheda spaSTa karate hue kahatI haiM ki - 'AdamI cAhe kamaz2ora ho yA guNavAn, striyA~ marate dama taka usakA parityAga nahIM krtiiN| pavitra aura kulIna narmadA nadI, reta, lakar3I aura pAnI bahAtI huI samudra ke pAsa jAtI hai phira bhI vaha use khArA pAnI dene se nahIM aghaataa| nara aura nArI meM yahI antara hai ki marate-marate bhI latA per3a kA sahArA nahIM chodd'tii|1 paumacariu meM rAma sItA se satItva pramANita karane hetu agni-parIkSA dene ko nahIM kahate haiM varan sItA svayaM agni-parIkSA kA prastAva rakhatI haiN| jisa samaya agni prajjvalita kI jAtI hai usa samaya bandhu-bAndhava, prajAjana sabhI rudana karate haiM tathA rAma ko dhikkArate hue

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17 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 kahate haiM- 'rAma niSThura, nirAza, mAyArata, anarthakArI aura duSTa buddhi haiN| patA nahIM sItAdevI ko isa prakAra homakara vaha kauna sI gati pAyeMge!' agni kA vaha kuNDa bhI sItA kI pavitratA ke kAraNa manohara sarovara meM parivartita ho gyaa| usa sarovara ke madhya se hI eka siMhAsana nikalA jisa para sItA virAjamAna thiiN| isa anantara rAma sItA se kSamAyAcanA karate haiM tathA unase vApasa apane nagara calane hetu kahate haiM23 parantu sItA, jo aba sneha kA parityAga kara cukI haiM, kahatI haiM- 'he rAma, Apa vyartha viSAda na kareM, isameM na to ApakA doSa hai, aura na janasamUha kA, saikar3oM janmoM se dharma kA nAza karanevAle khoTe karmoM kA yaha saba doSa hai| jo purAnA karma jIva ke sAtha lagA AyA hai use kauna naSTa kara sakatA hai ? he rAma, abakI bAra aisA kIjie jisase dubArA nArI na bnuuN| maiM viSaya-sukhoM se aba Uba cukI huuN| aba maiM janma, jarA aura maraNa kA vinAza kruuNgii| saMsAra se virakta hokara, aba aTala tapazcaraNa aMgIkAra kruuNgii|' isa prakAra kahakara, sItAdevI ne apane dAyeM hAtha se sira ke keza ko ukhAr3akara zrI rAghavacandra ke sammukha DAla diye| sItA kA yaha rUpa dekhakara rAma mUchita hokara dharatI para gira pdd'e| ve kisI prakAra cetanAvasthA meM AyeM usase pUrva hI sItA ne muni sarvabhUSaNa se dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| paumacariu kI tirAsIvIM sandhi AdyopAnta sItA ke agni-parIkSA tathA dIkSA-grahaNa prasaMga se sambandhita hai| paumacariu meM yaha prasaMga vistArapUrvaka varNita kiyA gayA hai| ___rAmacaritamAnasa meM yadyapi yaha prasaMga abhivyaMjita avazya huA hai parantu paumacariu ke prasaMga se nitAnta bhinna hai| mAnasa meM yaha prasaMga laMkAkANDa meM saMkSepa meM varNita kiyA gayA hai| jaba aMgada, vibhISaNa tathA hanumAn rAma kI AjJAnusAra sItA ko lekara Ate haiM unake Agamana ke sAtha hI yaha prasaMga prArambha hotA hai| mAnasa meM yaha prasaMga isa prakAra varNita hai- sItAjI ke asalI svarUpa ko, jo pahale agni meM praveza karA diyA gayA thA, use aba bhItara ke sAkSI bhagavAn prakaTa karanA cAhate the| ata: rAma ne lIlA se kucha kar3e vacana kahe, jise sunakara saba rAkSasiyA~ viSAda karane lgiiN| prabhu ke vacanoM ko Adara dekara mana-vacana-karma se sItA bolItuma mere dharma ke negI (dharmAvaraNa meM sahAyaka) bano tathA turanta agni taiyAra kro| sItA ne lIlA se kahA- yadi mana-vacana-karma se mere hRdaya meM rAma ke atirikta dUsarI gati nahIM hai to agnideva, jo sabake mana kI gati jAnate haiM, mere bhI mana kI gati jAnakara, mere lie candana ke samAna zItala ho jaayeN| sItA jyoM hI usa agnikuNDa meM praveza karatI haiM, unakA pratibimba (chAyAmarti) tathA unakA laukika kalaMka pracaNDa agni meM jala gye| prabha ke ina caritroM ko kisI ne nahIM jaanaa| devatA, siddha tathA muni saba AkAza meM khar3e dekhate rhe| isake pazcAt agni ne zarIra dhAraNa karake vedoM meM tathA jagat meM prasiddha vAstavika zrI (sItA) kA hAtha pakar3akara unheM rAma ko vaise hI samarpita kiyA jaise kSIrasAgara ne viSNu ko lakSmI samarpita kI thI, sItAM rAma ke vAma aMga meM suzobhita huii|

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18 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 'paumacariu' tathA 'rAmacaritamAnasa' meM saMyojita avAntara prasaMgoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana yadyapi 'paumacariu' tathA 'mAnasa' donoM meM hI aneka avAntara prasaMga Aye haiM jo mUlakathA ko gati pradAna karane ke sAtha hI vibhinnatA bhI pradAna karate haiM parantu donoM mahAkAvyoM meM mUlakathA eka hone ke uparAnta bhI avAntara kathAe~ nitAnta bhinna haiN| cariu meM varNita avAntara kathAe~ isa prakAra haiM- vibhinna vaMzoM, yathA- vidyAdhara, ikSvAku ityAdi kI utpatti, bharata-bAhubali AkhyAna, bhAmaNDala AkhyAna, rudrabhUti aura bAlikhilya kI kathA, vajrakarNa tathA siMhodara kI kathA, rAjA anantavIrya kI kathA, pavanaMjaya AkhyAna, varuNagA~va ke kapila muni, yakSanagarI, kulabhUSaNa-dezabhUSaNa muniyoM kI kathAyeM ityaadi| 'mAnasa' meM avAntara kathAoM ke antargata jo kathAyeM lI jA sakatI haiM ve isa prakAra haiM- ziva-pArvatI kathA, vizvamohinI kI kathA, manu-zatarUpA AkhyAna, kaikeyadeza ke rAjA pratApabhAnu ke pUrvajanma kI kathA, jaya-vijaya kI kathA, kazyapa-aditi AkhyAna, niSAdarAja, guha, bharadvAja, agastya, sutIkSNa RSiyoM se bheMTavArtA, ahalyoddhAra, jayanta-prakaraNa, zabarI, zUrpanakhA, mantharA, jaTAyu, sumaMtra, sampAtI, tAr3akA, kharadUSaNa tathA parazurAma prasaMga prabhRti / isake atirikta bhI rAvaNa tathA kAkabhuzuNDi ke caritra ko bhI prAsaMgika kathAoM ke antargata liyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra paumacariu evaM rAmacaritamAnasa donoM meM rAma kI kathA nitAnta bhinna hai| tihuaNalaggaNa- khambhu guru parameTThi nnveppinnu| puNu Arambhiya rAmakaha, Arisu joeppiNu / / paNaveppiNu Ai- bhddaaraaho| saMsAra - samuduttArAho // 1.1 // paumacariu iya cauvIsa vi parama-jiNa paNaveppiNu bhaaveN| puNu appANau pAyaDami rAmAyaNa- kAveM / / 1.19 paumacariu / / varNanAmarthasaMdhAnAM rasAnAM chNdsaampi| maMgalAnAM ca kartArau vaMde vANIvinAyakau // 1.1 // rAmacaritamAnasa xxx yasyAMke ca vibhAti bhUdharasutA devApagA mastake, bhAle bAlavidhurgale ca garalaM yasyorasi vyaalraatt| so'yaM bhUtivibhUSaNaH suravaraH sarvAdhipaH sarvadA, zarvaH sarvagataH zivaH zazinibha: zrIzaMkaraH pAtu mAm / / 2.1 / / vahI

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 mUlaM dharmatarovivekajaladheH pUrNendumAnandadaM, vairAgyAmbujabhAskaraM hyaghaghanadhvAntApahaM tApaham / mohAmbhodharapUgapATanavidho svaHsaMbhavaM zaMkara, vaMde brahmakulaM kalaMkazamanaM zrIrAmabhUpapriyam / / 3.1 / / vahI kundendIvarasuMdarAvatibalau vijJAnadhAmAvubhau, zobhADhayau varadhanvinau zrutinutau goviprvRNdpriyau| mAyAmAnuSarUpiNau raghuvarau saddharmavauM hito, sItAnveSaNatatparau pathigatau bhaktipradau tau hi nH| 4.1 / / vahI xxx zAntaM zAzvatamaprameyamanaghaM nirvANazAMtipradaM, brahmAzaMbhuphaNIndrasevyamanizaM vedAMtavedyaM vibhum / rAmAkhyaM jagadIzvaraM suraguruM mAyAmanuSyaM hariM, vaMde'haM karuNAkaraM raghuvaraM bhUpAlacUr3AmaNim / / 5.1 // vahI ___xxx rAmaM kAmArisevyaM bhavabhayaharaNaM kAlamattebhasiMha, yogIndraM jJAnagamyaM guNanidhimajitaM nirguNaM nirvikAram / mAyAtItaM surezaM khalavadhanirataM brahmavRndaikadevaM, vande kandAvadAtaM sarasijanayanaM devamurvIzarUpam / / 6.1 / / vahI kekIkaNThAbhanIlaM suravaravilasadviprapAdAbjacihna, zobhADhyaM pItavastraM sarasijanayanaM sarvadA suprasannam / pANau nArAcacApaM kapinikarayutaM bandhunA sevyamAnaM, naumIDyaM jAnakIzaM raghuvaramanizaM puSpakArUDharAmam / / 7.1 // vahI ___4. sunahu priyA vrata rucira susiilaa| maiM kachu karabi lalita nrliilaa|| ___ tumha pAvaka mahu~ karahu nivaasaa| jo lagi karau nisAvara nAsA / /

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 jabahiM rAma saba kahA bkhaanii| prabhu pada dhari hiya~ anala samAnI / / nija pratibimba rAkhi taha~ sItA / taisai sIla rUpa subinItA / / lachimanahU~ yaha maramu na jAnA / jo kachu carita racA bhagavAnA / / 23 / / __ - araNyakANDa, rA.ca.mA. 5. mANavi eha tiya jaM jijjai eka muhuttu| siva-sAsaya-susahoM tahoM pAsiu eu vahuttau / / 38.8.9 p.c.|| navadhA bhagati kahau~ tohi paahiiN| sAvadhAna sunu dharu mana maahiiN|| prathama bhagati saMtanha kara sNgaa| dUsari rati mama kathA prasaMgA / / gura pada paMkaja sevA tIsari bhagati amAna / cauthi bhagati mama guna gana karai kapaTa taji gAna / / 35 / / maMtra jApa mama dRr3ha bisvAsA / paMcama bhajana so beda prakAsA / / chaTha dama sIla birati bahu krmaa| nirata niraMtara sajjana dharamA / / sAtaveM sama mohi maya jaga dekhaa| moteM saMta adhika kari lekhaa| AThaveM jathAlAbha sNtossaa| sapanehuM nahiM dekhai pr-dossaa|| navama sarala saba sana chlhiinaa| mama bharosa hiya~ haraSa na dInA / / 36 / / - araNya., rA.ca.mA. 7. ema bhaNevi pesiu saamntu| jo so parimiyattha- gunnvntu|| 70.5.7 p.c.|| taM NisuNevi bhaDehi~ glthlliu| Takkara-paNhiya-dhAehi ghlliu|| gau sa-parAhavu laMka praaiu| kahiu deva hau~ kaha vi Na ghAiu / / dujjaya lakkhaNa-rAma Na karanti saMdhi Nau vuttu| jai jANahi taM cinteM Ayau khaya-kAlu Niruttau / / 70.8-10 / / vahI

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 8. 9. 10. 11. hara-lahara - guNa gahaNehiM dUahoM vayaNehiM pahu paharevvau pariharai / . vijjahe kAraNe rAvaNu jaga-jagaDAvaNu saMti - jiNAlau paisarai // 71.1 / / vahI Navara paviyambhamANehi dohiM pi suggIva puttehi~ / aNNAya - vantehi~ uggiNNa-khaggehiM rekkArio rAvaNo / / taha vi amaNo Na khohaM gao savva rAyAhirAyassa / / 4.71.15 // vahI X X X jaM evaM vi khohoM Na gau rAu / taM vijjaheM AsaNa-kampu jAu // Aiya aMdhArau jau karanti / bahurUviNI vahu-rUvaI dharati // 72.12.3-4 / vahI X X tAvaNisAyara-NAhu sa - vijjau / NaM sa- kalattau suravai vijjau // 72.14.1 // vahI 72.12, vahI X rAma birodha bijaya caha saTha basa ati agya / 84 // jagya vidhaMsi kusala kapi Ae raghupati pAsa // 85 // laMkA., rA.ca.mA. 21 to gahiya- caMdahAsAuheNa / hakkAriu lakkhaNu dahamuheNa / / lai paharu paharu kiM karahi kheu / tuhu~ ekke cakkeM sAvaleu / huI AeM va gaNNu / kiM sIhahoM hoi sahAu aNu // taM NisuNevi vipphuriyAhareNa / melliu rahaMgu lacchIhareNa // uayairiheM NaM atthairi gau sUra - vimbu kara maNDiyau / sa i~ bhu eNhi haNantoM dahamuhahoM maNDa ura-tthalu khaNDiyau // 75.22.6-10 // pa.ca. kha~ci sarAsana zravana lagi chAr3e sara ekatIsa / raghunAyaka sAyaka cale mAnahu~ kAla phanIsa // 102 // sAyaka eka nAbhi sara soSA / apara lage bhuja sira kari roSA / /

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22 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 lai sira bAhu cale naaraacaa| sira bhuja hIna rUMDa mahi naacaa|| DolI bhUmi girata dasakaMdhara / chubhita siMdhu sari diggaja bhUdhara / / dharani pareu dvau khaNDa bddh'aaii| cApi bhAlu markaTa smudaaii| 103 // laMkA., rA.ca.mA. 12. 'jaya Nanda vaddha' maMgala- ravehi~ ciMtavai vihIsaNu jAya sNk| "lai NaThTha kajju ucchiNNa lNk| muu rAvaNu saMtai tuTTa ajju / maMdoyari vihava viNDu rajju / / pabhaNai kumAru kareM 'cittu dhIru' / chuDu sIya samappai khamai vIru / / 75.22.2-5 / / vahI 13. nAbhikuNDa piyUSa basa yaakeN| nAtha jiata rAvanu bala taakeN| sunata vibhISaNa bacana kRpaalaa| haraSi gahe kara bAna karAlA / / 102 / / laMkA ., rA.ca.mA. 14. vaNu seviu sAyaru laMkiyau Nihau dasANaNu rttenn| avasANa-kAleM puNu rAhaveNa ghalliya sIya virteenn| loyahu~ chNdenn teNa teNa teMNa citteN| rAhava-caMdeMNa teNa teNa teNa citteN| pANa-piyalliyA teMNa teNa teNa citteN| jiha vaNe ghalliyA teNa teNa teMNa citteN| 81.1 / / vahI 15. aho rAyAhirAya prmesr| Nimbhala-raghukula-Nahayala-sasahara / / duddbh-dnnuuu-deh-my-mddnn| tihuaNa-jaNa-maNa-NayaNANaMdaNa / / jai avarAhu NAhiM dhr-dhaaraa| to paTTaNu viNNavai bhddaaraa|| para-purisu ramevi dummahilau deMti paDuttara pi-ynnhoN| kiM rAmu Na bhuMjai jaNayasuya barisu vasevi ghare raamnnho| 81.3.7-10 / vahI

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 23 16. etthu vaccha avaheri krevii| jaNaya-taNaya vaNe kahi mi thvevii| jIvau marau kAi~ kira tttie| kiM diNamANi sahu~ Nivasai rattie / maM raghu-kuleM kalaMku uppjju| tihuaNe ayasa-paDahu maM vjju|| 81.8.2-4 // vahI 17. mahu Na dosu rahuvai je jaannii| vari visu hAlAhau bhakkhiyau vari z2ama lou nnihaaliyu| para-pesaNa-bhAyaNu-duha-Nilau sevA-dhammu Na paaliyu|| 81.10.9-10 // vahI 18. dUhava-dUrAsa-duha-bhAyaNiya Nai mai~ jehI kA vi tiya // 81.12.10 / / vahI 19. NiTThara-hiyayahoM a-liy-nnaamhoN| jANami tatti Na kijjai raamhoN| ghalliya jeNa rUvaMti vnnntreN| ddaainni-rkkhs-bhuuy-bhyNkreN| 83.6.2-3 jo teNa DAhu uppAiyau pisuNAlAva-marIsieNNa / so dukkaru ulhAvijjai meha-saeNa vi varisieNNa / / 83.6.8 / / vahI jai vi Na kAraNu raahv-cNdeN| to vi jAmi lai tumhaha~ chaMde / / 83.7 / / vahI kantaheM taNiya kaMti pekkheppinnu| pabhaNai pomaNAhu vihseppinnu| 'jai vi kuluNayAu Niravajjau / mahilau hoMti suThTha nnilljju|| dr-daaviy-kuddkkh-vikkhevu| kuDila-maiu vaDDhiya-avalevau / vAhira-dhiTThau gunn-prihiinnu| kiha saya-khaNDaNa jaMti nnihiinnu|| Nau gaNanti Niya-kulu milNtu| tihuaNe avasa-paDahu vjjntu|| aMgu samoDDeMvi dhiddhikkaarhoN| vayaNu NieMti kema bhattArahoM' / / 83.8.1-6 / / vahI 21. purisa NihINa hoMti guNavaMta vi| tiyaheM Na pattijjanti maraMta vi|| khaDu lakkaDu salilu vahatiyaheM paurANiyaheM kuluggyheN| rayaNAyaru khArai~ dentau to vi Na thakkai nnmmyheN|| 83.8.8-9 // vahI

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24 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 Nara-NArihiM evaDDau aMtaru / maraNeM vi velli Na mellai taruvaru / / 83.9.6 // vahI 22. NiThuru NirAsu mAyArau dukkiya-gArau kuur-mi| Nau jANahuM sIya vaheviNu rAmu lahesai kavaNa gai / / 83.12.9 / / vahI 23. to volijjai raahv-cNde| "NakkAraNe khala-pisuNaha~ chNdeN|| jaM aviyappeM mai~ avmaanniy| aNNu vi duhu evaDDu parANiya // taM paramesari mahu mrusejjhi| ekka-vAra avarAhu khmejjhi|| 83.16.1-3 | vahI maNe gharahi eu mahu vuttau maccharU sayalu vi prihrhi| sai jiha suravai-saMsaggie~ NIsAvaNNu rajju karahi / / 83.16.8 // vahI 24. taM NisuNevi prictt-snnehieN| eva pajampiu puNu vaidehie~ / / ahA~ rAhava maM jAhi visaayhoN| Na vi tau dosu Na jnn-sNghaayhoN| bhava-bhava-saeNhi vinnaasiy-dhmmhoN| savvu dosu eNu dukkiy-kmmhoN| 83.17.1-3, vahI xxx evahiM tiha karemi puNu rahuvai / jiha Na homi paDivArI tiyamai / / mahu viSaya-suhehi pajjattau chindami jaai-jraa-mrnnu|| NivviNNI bhava-saMsArahoM lemi ajju thuvu tava-varaNu / / 83.17.9-10 / vahI ema tAe~ eNu vayaNu caveppiNu / dAhiNa-kareMNa samuppADeppiNu // Niya-sira cihura tiloyaannndhoN| purau paghalliya raahv-cNdhoN| 83.18, vahI sIyae~ sIla-taraNDae~ thaaeNvi| laiya dikkha risi-AsameM jAeNvi / / pAseM svvbhuusnn-munnnniaahhoN| nnimml-kevl-nnaann-snnaahhoN| jAya turiu tava-bhUsiya-viggahu / mukk-svv-pr-vtthu-prighu|| 83.18.6-8, vahI

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25 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 25. sItA prathama anala mahu~ raakhii| pragaTa kInhi caha aMtara saakhii|| tehi kArana karunAnidhi kahe kachuka durbAda / sunata jAtudhAnI saba lAgI karai viSAda // 108 // prabhu ke bacana sIsa dhari siitaa| bolI mana krama bacana punItA // lachimana hohu dharama ke negii| pAvaka pragaTa karahu tumha begii| pAvaka prabala dekhi baidehii| hRdaya~ haraSa nahiM bhaya kachu tehii|| jauM mana baca krama mama ura maahiiN| taji raghubIra Ana gati naahiiN|| tau kRsAnu saba kai gati jaanaa| mo kahu~ hou zrIkhaNDa samAnA || 108 / a - laMkA., rA.ca.mA. 26. zrIkhaNDa sama pAvaka pravesa kiyo sumiri prabhu maithilii| jaya kosalesa mahesa baMdita carana rati ati nirmalI / / pratibiMba aru laukika kalaMka pracaMDa pAvaka mahu~ jare / prabhu carita kAhu~ na lakhe nabha sura siddha muni dekhahiM khare / / dhari rUpa pAvaka pAni gahi zrI satya zruti jaga bidita jo| jimi chIrasAgara iMdirA rAmahiM samapI Ani so / / so rA bAma bibhAga rAjati rucira ati sobhA bhalI / nava nIla nIraja nikaTa mAnahu~ kanaka paMkaja kI klii| 109 / / - laMkA., rA.ca.mA. ____ 20, gopAlanagara po. oN. AlamabAga lakhanaU - 226 023

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26 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 sIyala chATA-layAhara-sayamaNohara harivaMsubbheNa harivikkamasAravaleNa raNayaM / dIsai devadAru-talatAlI-tarala-tamAla-chaNNayaM / / lavali-lavaMga lauya-jaMbu-vara aMba-kavittha-riddhayaM / sAmali-sarala-sAla siNi-sallai-sIsava-sami-samiddhayaM / / caMpaya-cUya-cAra-ravi-caMdaNa-vaMdaNa-vaMda suMdaraM / pattala vahala-sIyala chAya-layAhara-sayamaNoharaM / / maMtharamalayamAruyaMdoliya - pAyava - paDiya - pupphayaM / / kesariNahara- pahara - kharadAriya - kari - sibhinna mottiyaM / mottiyapaMti - kaMti - dhavalIkaya sayala disA vahatiyaM / / kholla - jalolla - talla - lolaMta lolakola - ula - bhiisnnN| vAyaka - kaMka - seNa - siva - jaMbua - dhUya vimukkaNIsayaM / / mayagaya - maya - jaloha -kaya kaddama saMkhubbhaMta vaNayaraM / phariya phaNiMdaphAra - phaNiMda - maNigaNa - kiraNa - karAliyAMbaraM / / giri-gnn-tuNg-siNg-aaliNgiy-cNdaaicc-mNddlN| tattha bhayAvaNe vaNe dIsai NimmalaM sIyalaM jalaM / / ghattA- NAmeM salilAvattu lakkhijjai maNaharu kamala saru / NAI sumitteM mittu avagAhiu NayaNANaMdayaru / / 1 / / riTThaNe micariu 2.1 / / - harivaMza meM utpanna tathA siMha ke parAkrama ke samAna sArabhUta balavAle vasudeva ko mahAvana dikhAI detA hai| vaha vana devadAra tAla-tAlI aura tarala tamAla vRkSoM se AcchAdita hai, lavalI latA, lavaMgalatA, jAmuna, zreSTha Ama aura kapittha vRkSoM se samRddha hai| zAlmali, arjuna, sAla, zini, satyakI, sIsama aura zamI vRkSoM se sampanna hai| campA, Amra, acAra, ravicandana, aura vandana vRkSoM ke samUha se sundara hai| jinameM bahata se patte haiM aise ThaNDI chAyAvAle saikar3oM latAgRhoM se jo sundara hai, jisameM dhImI-dhImI malaya havA se Andolita vRkSoM ke puSpa . gire hue haiM, jisameM puSpasamUha sahita bhramarAvalI dvArA pathikoM ko jhakA diyA gayA hai, jisameM siMhoM ke nakhoM ke dvArA tIvratA se phor3e gae hAthiyoM ke siroM se motI bikhera die gae haiM, jo gahavaroM ke jala-samUha meM hilate hue suaroM ke samUha se bhayaMkara hai, jisameM vAyasoM, baguloM, senoM, siyAroM aura siyArinoM dvArA zabda kiyA jA rahA hai, jisameM madagajoM ke madajala samUha kI kIcar3a se vanya prANI kupita ho rahe haiM, jisakA AkAza kA~pate hue nAgoM se vizAla aura nAgarAjoM kI phaNamaNiyoM kI kiraNAvaliyoM se bhayaMkara hai, jisane parvata samUha ke U~ce zikharoM se candramA aura sUrya ke maNDaloM ko AliMgita kiyA hai, aise use bhayAvaha vana meM use svaccha aura zItala jala dikhAI detA hai||1|| ___ghattA - salilAvarta nAmaka sundara kamala-sarovara dikhAI detA hai| usane usakA aisA avagAhana kiyA jaise sumitra ne netroM ko Ananda dene vAle mitra kA avagAhana kiyA hai| anu. - DaoN. devendrakumAra jaina

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 akTUbara 2001-2002 27 'paumacariu' : bhakti, vIra evaM zrRMgAra rasa kA adbhuta samanvaya - DaoN. madhubAlA nayAla apabhraMza kAvya-paramparA meM mahAkavi svayaMbhUdeva kA 'paumacariu' apane maulika kathAprasaMgoM evaM zilpagata vizeSatAoM kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| pA~coM kANDoM- vidyAdhara kANDa, ayodhyA kANDa, sundara kANDa, yuddha kANDa evaM uttara kANDa ke rUpa meM ba~TI kathA kI 90 sandhiyA~ adbhuta kAvya-pratibhA kA paricaya hai| bhAmaha, daNDI, rudraTa evaM AcArya vizvanAtha dvArA mahAkAvya ke svarUpa kI prastuta kI gaI kasauTiyoM meM kathAnaka, sarga-nibandhana, mahAn caritra-avatAraNA, utkRSTa evaM alaMkRta zailI, caturvarga-siddhi, varNya vastu-vistAra evaM rasayojanA mahattvapUrNa haiN| svayaMbhU kA 'paumacariu' ina mAnadaNDoM para kharA siddha hote hue rasayojanA kI dRSTi se atyanta prabhaviSNu hai| abhivyaJjanA kA mAdhyama hai zabda / svayaMbhUdeva zabdoM kI AtmA ko, bhASA kI bArIkiyoM ko pakar3ate hue apabhraMza bhASA ke sUkSma aura gUr3ha niyamoM kA sAvadhAnI se pAlana karate haiN| udAtta abhivyakti ke pA~ca pramukha srota mAne gae haiM(1) mahAn dhAraNAoM kI kSamatA (2) preraNA-prasUta Avega (3) alaMkAroM kI samucita yojanA

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 (4) utkRSTa bhASA (5) garimAmaya evaM arjita rcnaa-vidhaan|' 'paumacariu' meM lagabhaga ye sabhI srota vidyamAna haiN| jIvanabhara kSudra uddezyoM evaM vicAroM se grasta vyakti ke lie svayaMbhUdeva kA 'paumacariu' unake prakarSa meM sahAyaka hai| Avega kI to yahA~ koI kamI nhiiN| dayA, zoka, bhaya, sAhasa, dhairya- sabhI ke prasaMga mahAkAvya meM vidyamAna haiN| kavi ne vastupakSa evaM zailIpakSa ke upayuktatama sthaloM aura upakaraNoM kA cunAva evaM unakA samaMjana kiyA hai, aura samaMjana ke lie virodhI tattvoM kA cunAva karate hue audAtya utpanna kiyA hai| "virodhI tattvoM se paripUrNa vyApaka virATa dharAtala se sarvAdhika prabhAvI tathyoM ko cunane aura unheM eka sampUrNa ikAI meM gUMtha dene se audAtya utpanna hotA hai| lAMjAinasa kI dRSTi meM prabhAvI aura sAravAn tathya ve hI haiM jo mAnava ke audAtya ko abhivyakta karate haiN| svaroM ke mizraNa evaM prasaMgAnusAra parivartana dvArA kavi bhAva-saMcAra meM saphala hotA hai| yahA~ vIra rasa eka chora para to zRMgAra rasa dUsare chora para virAjamAna nahIM hai apitu 'bhakti' unheM virodhI tattvoM ke rUpa meM apane sAtha anasyata kiye hae hai| isI saMgamphana se kavi saMsAra kI nissAratA siddha karatA huA mAnava ko bhakti/audAtya kI ora le jAtA hai| tribhuvana svayaMbhUdeva ke zabdoM meM 'paumacariu' rAma kI ceSTA hai- 'paryAyArAmAyaNamityuktaM tena ceSTitaM raamsy|'' mUla pratipAdya 'bhakti' hone ke kAraNa RSabhajina-janma, jina-niSkramaNa ke sAtha prArambha huA mahAkAvya rAma ke AdinAtha bhagavAn ke nikaTa cale jAne ke sAtha samApta hotA hai| rAmAyaNa Adi granthoM meM rAma lokapuruSa yA brahma ke avatAra haiM; samasta jagat dvArA vandanIya / 'paumacariu' ke rAma 'baladeva' haiM, jinavara ke parama upaask| isa rAmakathA ke AdhAra se svayaMbhUdeva jaina-darzana evaM bhakti kI sArthakatA siddha karane meM saphala hue haiN| __ bhakti kI ora jhukAva utpanna karane meM kAraNarUpa haiM- saMsAra evaM deha kI nitAnta kSayonmukha-pravRtti, kAla-prabhAva evaM jIvana kI anitytaa| jIva kI Ayu patte ke sire para laTakate hue jala-bindu ke samAna asthira hai| avazya pAne yogya vastu kevala eka- paramAtmajJAna hai| isase phira zoka nahIM karanA par3atA, yaha parama nirvANarUpa sukha kA sthAna hai| isa satya kA sAkSAt kara lene ke kAraNa kathA meM Ae sabhI mukhya evaM gauNa pAtra dIkSA svIkAra kara pravrajita hote haiN| jIvana aura jIvana ke sukha donoM caMcala haiM aura duHkha meru parvata kI taraha bar3hatA hai| vRddha kaMcukI kI jarA-jarjarAvasthA se viSaNNa-mana rAjA dazaratha vahI karma karanA cAhate haiM jisase ajara-amara pada prApta kiyA jA sake - sahu mahu-vindu-samu duhu meru-sarisu pviymbhi| pari ta kammu hiu jaM pau ajarAmaru labbhai / / 22.2.9 / /

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29 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 __ - sukha madhu kI bU~da kI taraha hai aura duHkha meru parvata kI taraha bar3hatA jAtA hai; vahI karma acchA aura hitakArI hai ki jisase ajara-amara pada prApta kiyA jA ske| 'paumacariu' meM nirdiSTa bhakti kA mUla AdhAra hai jJAna; jJAna jisase mokSa prApta hotA hai| dharma se vairAgya aura vairAgya se jJAna utpanna hotA hai| AcArya rAmacandra zukla mAnate haiM - "dharma kA pravAha karma, jJAna aura bhakti, ina tIna dhArAoM meM calatA hai| ina tInoM ke sAmaMjasya se dharma apanI pUrNa sajIva dazA meM rahatA hai| karma ke binA vaha lUlA-la~gar3A; jJAna ke binA andhA; bhakti ke binA hRdayahIna kyA niSprANa rahatA hai|' gosvAmI tulasIdAsa kI bhakti ko dharma aura jJAna kI rasAnubhUti mAnanevAle AcArya zukla mAnate haiM ki Izvara ke dharmasvarUpa kI ramaNIya abhivyakti loka kI rakSA aura raMjana meM hotI hai| 'mAnasa' meM satsaMgati, gurupada-sevA, Izvara kA guNa-gAna, mantra-jApa, damazIla Adi kA vidhAna, sarvatra Izvara-darzana, santoM ko Izvara se adhika sammAna de, yathAlAbha santoSa, paradoSa na dekhanA, chalahInatA, Izvara para aTUTa vizvAsa ko bhakti kA sopAna mAnA gayA hai| puruSArtha catuSTaya/mUlyoM ke caturvarga meM se dharma evaM mokSa kI prApti isa bhakti kA mukhya lakSya hai| mAnasa meM varNita bhakti kA patha sahaja evaM sarvasulabha hai; kintu, 'paumacariu' meM dharma (jina-pravrajyA) kA patha atyanta duHsaha/kaThina hai| pravrajyA hetu icchuka bharata ko samajhAte hue rAjA dazaratha kahate haiM - jiNa-pavajja hoi ai-dusahiya / ke vAvIsa parIsaha visahiya / ke jiya cau-kasAya-riu dujjy| keM AyAmiya paJca mahanvaya / keM kiu paJcahu~ visayahu~ Niggahu / ke parisesiu sayalu pariggahu / ko duma-mUleM vasiu varisAlae~ / ko ekaGgai thiu siiyaaleN| ke uNhAlae~ kiu asaavnnu| eNu tava-caraNu hoi bhIsAvaNu // 24.4.5-11 / / - jina-pravrajyA atyanta asahanIya hotI hai| bAIsa parISahoM ko sahana kisane kiyA? ajeya cAra kaSAyarUpI zatruoM ko kisane jItA ? kisane pA~ca mahAvratoM kA pAlana kiyA ? pA~ca viSayoM kA nigraha kisane kiyA ? kisane samasta parigrahoM kA tyAga kiyA ? varSAkAla ke samaya vRkSa ke nIce kauna rahA ? zItakAla meM akelA kauna rahA ? uSNakAla meM AtApana tapa

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 30 kisane tapA ? yaha tapazcaraNa atyanta bhISaNa hotA hai / he bharata, tuma bar3ha-car3hakara bAta mata karo; tuma abhI bAlaka ho / viSaya-sukhoM kA bhoga kro| yaha pravrajyA kA kauna-sA samaya hai? karma, jJAna evaM bhakti ke samyak nirvAha hetu kAvya meM zRMgAra, vIra, zama evaM bhakti rasoM kI AyojanA huI hai / bhakti ke samAnAntara vIra rasa kI ajasra pravahamAna dhArA anya do mUlyoM- artha evaM kAma-prApti kI dizA meM le jAtI hai| kAma mArga avaruddha hone para krodha utpanna hotA hai aura krodha janma detA hai zatru-bhAva ko; pariNAmata: kAvya meM vIra rasa kA vidhAna hotA hai / dazaratha evaM harivAhana ke madhya yuddha kA kAraNa hai- kaikeyI ke rUpa para Asakti / bhAmaNDala ke udvega kA kAraNa hai paTa nirmita sItA-pratimA kA anindya saundarya / kaikeyI ke udvega kA kAraNa hai- artha-kAma-prApti meM utpanna upasarga / rAjA dazaratha ke pravrajyAyajJa kA samAcAra use bharata ke lie rAjya - varadAna mA~gane ko prerita karatA / " lakSmaNa kA krodha rAma ke prati snehAdhikya ke kAraNa rAma-rAjya - prApti meM bAdhaka - kArakoM para phaTa par3atA hai; kintu, rAma dvArA zAnta kie jAne para ve unake sAtha jinavara kI abhyarthanA meM saMlagna hote haiN| phalata: unakI stuti nimna rUpa meM prasphuTita hotI huI antatogatvA 'jaya - mokkha mahIhare atthamiya' bhAva pUjA para samApta hotI hai| jaya gaya-bhaya-rAya-rosa vilaya / jaya mayaNa mahaNa tihuvaNa tilaya / jaya khama-dama-tava-vaya-niyama-karaNa / jaya kali-mala-koha- kasAya haraNa / / 23,10-3 // - rAga-dveSa (krodha) kA nAza karanevAle ApakI jaya ho| he kAma kA nAza karanevAle tribhuvana zreSTha, ApakI jaya ho / kSamA, dama, tapa, vrata aura niyama kA pAlana karanevAle, ApakI jaya ho / pApa ke mala, krodha aura kaSAya kA haraNa karanevAle, ApakI jaya ho / rudrabhUti para unake krodha kA kAraNa hai usake dvArA kalyANamAlA ke pitA ko bandI bnaanaa| vanamAlA ke pitA se bhI lakSmaNa kA yuddha hotA hai aura lakSmaNa usakI senA ko mAra girAte haiM - - uvvaDa bhiDar3a pAr3ai turaGga / mahi kamai bhamai bhAmar3a rahaGga / avagAhai sAhai dharai jeha / dalavaTTai lohai gayavaroha || 29.9.5-6 || - (vaha) uchalatA hai, bhir3atA hai, azvoM ko girAtA hai| dharatI kA ullaMghana karatA hai, ghUmatA hai aura cakra ko ghumAtA hai /

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 31 vIratA ke avatAra lakSmaNa jinheM kavi vAsueva, kumAra, jaNaddaNu, mahumahaNu, purisottama, hari, kesava, govinda, zrIvatsa, nArAyaNa, dAmodara, kaNha, viNhu Adi nAma-saMjJAe~ detA hai - vana meM aneka sundariyoM se pariNaya karate haiM aura unake sAtha ramaNa bhii'| anya rAma-kathA-granthoM ke lakSmaNa se yaha lakSmaNa nAma evaM caritra donoM dRSTiyoM se nitAnta bhinna hai| anya rAmakathAoM meM viSNu ke avatAra rAma haiM ata: vAsudeva, janArdana, hari, kezava, nArAyaNa, viSNu, puruSottama ye sArI saMjJAe~ (saMskRta evaM hindI rAmakAvyoM meM) unake lie prayukta huI haiN| aura, cAritrika dRSTi se vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM indrajIta kA vadha to sAkSAt rAma dvArA sambhava nahIM kyoMki bAraha varSoM taka AhAra-nidrA-tyAgI aura brahmacaryavratI ke hAthoM hI usakA vadha sambhava hai, ataH kevala lakSmaNa hI yaha stutya karma kara sakate haiM, brahmacarya ke kAraNa, para isa kAvya meM ve sarvathA bhinna haiN| kSemaMjali rAjA aridamana ko parAsta kara jitapadmA ke mAna-ahaMkAra ko cUra karanevAle lakSmaNa usase bhI vivAha karate haiN| aridamana dvArA samarAMgaNa meM chor3I gayI dhak-dhak kara daur3atI zaktiyoM ko ve apane dAyeM-bAyeM hAtha, kA~kha aura dA~toM se roka lete haiN| ve kAmAvatAra hone ke sAtha hI mahAn vIra bhI haiN|" kulabhUSaNa aura dezabhUSaNa, jo kAlAntara meM tapazcaraNa ke mAdhyama se zreSTha muni banate haiM, kAma ke prabhAva meM Akara ajJAnavaza apanI bahana kamalotsavA kI ora AkRSTa hote haiM kintu usakA paricaya jAnakara AtmaglAni meM bhare hue indriyoM kI viSayagamyatA evaM mana kI durbalatAkSudratA ko samajha vivAha aura pApamaya rAjya ke bhoga se nivRtti le lete haiN|" sItA-saundarya para lubdha rAvaNa jaise zreSTha jinabhakta ko avalokinI vidyA pApa-mArga se nivRtta karane hetu sAvadhAna karatI hai __lai-lai jai jiNa-sAsaNa, chaNDahi // 38,8.3 // - yadi jinazAsana chor3anA cAhate ho to ise le lo| . jaTAyu ke Upara kAma-mohita rAvaNa ke krodha kA mUla kAraNa hai usakA abhISTa-siddhi ke mArga meM bAdhaka bnnaa| phira bhI, aNNu vi mai~ Niya - bar3a paalevvu| maNDae~ para-kalattu Na laevvau // 38,19.4 / / - aura mujhe apane vrata kA pAlana karanA caahie| balapUrvaka dUsare kI strI ko grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhie- yaha saMkalpa doharAtA huA rAvaNa apahRta sItA ko upavana meM ziMzapA vRkSa ke nIce baiThA detA hai| 'paumacariu' meM rAma-rAvaNa ke yuddha kA mukhya kAraNa hai sItA, dharma-hAni nhiiN| (mAnasa ke rAma dharma-rakSaNa ke lie dhanuSa uThAte haiM) rAma-pakSa ke yoddhAoM kA sandeza le rAvaNa-darabAra meM pahu~cA aMgada use sandhi-hetu prerita karatA huA maMtraNA detA hai -

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32 'lakkhaNa - rAmahu~ dhuu appijau jaNaya-sua / ' ko dUta rAma bhI rAvaNa ke Nihi - rayaNai~ haya-gaya- rajjU / savvai~ so jjeM laeu amhahu~ para sIyaeN kajjU / / 70.7.10 / / * nidhiyA~ aura ratna, azva aura gaja evaM rAjya saba kucha vaha le le, hameM to kevala sItA cAhie- ke rUpa meM sItA-prApti kA apanA saMkalpa jatA dete haiM / apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 - rAvaNa vadha ke pUrva lakSmaNa- 'kareM cittu dhIru / chuDu sIya samappar3a khamai vIru (- sItA ko arpita kara dene para rAvaNa ko kSamA kara dUMgA') zabdoM meM vibhISaNa ko Azvasti dete haiN| 57vIM sandhi se 76vIM sandhi taka lagabhaga 11 sandhiyoM meM vIra rasa-niSpatti hI pradhAna hai / anya sandhiyoM meM bhI vIra rasa kI kamI nhiiN| 12 - apane pitA dazaratha se Adeza pA rAma-lakSmaNa pulindarAja tama ke hAthoM se janaka evaM kanaka kA uddhAra karate haiM jisake phalasvarUpa janaka rAma ko jAnakI, droNa lakSmaNa ko vizalyA tathA zazivarddhana apanI ATha manohara kanyAe~ saMkalpita karate haiN| - lakSmaNa-rudrabhUti-yuddha prasaMga meM rasa sRSTi hetu na kevala AlaMkArika bhASA kA upayoga huA hai apitu kavi dhvani - saMyojana dvArA gatyAtmaka bimba - sRSTi karane meM saphala huA hai aphphAliu mahumahaNeNa dhaNu / dhaNu sadde samuhi khara- pavaNu / khara-pavaNa - pahaya jalayara rajiya / raDiyAgame vajjAsaNi paDiya / paDiyA giri sihara samucchaliya / ucchaliya caliya mahi Niddaliya / Niddaliya bhuaGga visaggi mukka / mukkanta Navara sAyarahu~ dukka / DhukkanteMhiM vahala phuliGga ghitta / ghaNa sippi saGkha - saMpur3a palitta / dhagadhagadhaganti muttAhalAi~ / kaDhaka DhakaDhanti sAyara jalAi~ / hasahasahasanti jalajalajalanti puliNantarAi~ / bhuaNantarAi~ // 27.5.1-7 //

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 - lakSmaNa ne apanA dhanuSa cddh'aayaa| dhanuSa ke zabda se tIvra havA utthii| tIvra havA se Ahata megha garaja utthe| meghoM kI garjanA se vajrAzani par3ane lge| jaba pahAr3a gire to zikhara uchalane lge| uchalate hue ve cale aura dharatI dalita hone lgii| dharatI dalana se sA~poM kI viSAgni chor3ane lagI, jo mukta hokara vaha kevala samudra taka phuNcii| pahu~cate hI jvAlAoM ne cinagAriyA~ pheMkI, usase pracura sIpI, zaMkha-sampuTa jala utthaa| muktAphala dhaka-dhaka karane lage, sAgara-jala kar3a-kar3a karane lge| kinAroM ke antarAla hasa-hasa karake sane lage, bhuvanoM ke antarAla jalane lge| hanumAna kA parAkrama kavi ina zabdoM meM citrita karatA hai para-valu aNantu haNuvantu ekku / gaya-jUhahA~ NAI maindu thakku / Arokkai kokkai samuhu thaai| jahi~ jahiM jeM thaTTa tahi~ tahi~ je dhaai| X so Na vi bhaDu jAsu Na maliu-mANu / so Na vi dhau jAsu Na laggu vANu / so Na vi turaGga jasu guDu Na tuTu / so Na vi rahu jasu Na rahaGgu phuTTa / so Na vi bhaDu jAsu Na chiNNu gattu / taM Na vi vimANu jaM saru Na pattu // 65.1.1-8 / / - zatru-senA asaMkhya thI aura hanumAn akelA thA, mAno gajaghaTA ke bIca siMha sthita ho| vIra hanumAn unheM rokatA, lalakAratA aura sammukha jAkara khar3A ho jaataa| jahA~ jhuNDa dikhAI detA vahIM daur3a pdd'taa| aisA eka bhI yoddhA nahIM thA jisakA mAna galita na huA ho, aisA eka bhI dhvaja nahIM thA jisameM tIra na lagA ho, aisA eka bhI rAjA nahIM thA jisakA kavaca na TUTA-phUTA ho, aisA eka bhI gaja nahIM thA jisakA gaNDasthala Ahata na huA ho| eka bhI aisA azva nahIM thA ki jisakI lagAma sAbuta bacI ho| aisA eka bhI ratha nahIM thA jisakA pahiyA TUTA-phUTA na ho| eka bhI aisA yoddhA nahIM thA jisakA zarIra Ahata na huA ho| aisA eka bhI vimAna nahIM thA jisameM tIra na lage hoN| lakSmaNa ke zakti se Ahata hone para rAma rAvaNa ke chaH ratha, cha: dhanuSa aura chaH chatra naSTa karate haiN| vihiM hatthehiM paharai raamcndu| vIsahiM bhuva daNDahi~ nnisiyrindu|

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34 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 a-pavANa vANa rAhavaho to vi| jajjariya laGka rayaNAyaro vi| chAijjai gayaNu cddntehiN| akhaliya-sara-mahi NivaDantaehiM / vAevau cattu pahajaNeNa / rahu khajiu aditihuM NandaNeNa / disa karihu~ asesehu~ galiu gaau| hallohalihUau jagu je saau| bhijjanti valai~ jaleM jalayarA vi| NaheM NadR deva thale thalayaravi // 75.12.2-7 // - rAmacandra donoM hAthoM se usa para prahAra kara rahe the, jabaki rAvaNa apane bIsoM hAthoM se| taba bhI rAghava ke tIra gine nahIM jA sakate the| unase laMkA nagarI aura samudra jarjara ho gayA thaa| Upara car3hate aura dharatI para girate hue askhalita tIroM ne AsamAna Dhaka liyaa| havA kA bahanA banda thaa| dazarathanandana rAma ne sUrya kI gati roka dii| diggajoM ke zarIra galane lge| samUce vizva meM khalabalI maca gyii| senAe~ naSTa hone lgiiN| jala ke jalacara prANI, AkAza ke devatA aura dharatI ke thalacara prANI naSTa hone lge| nirantara sAta dinoM taka lar3ate hue bhI jaba yuddha kA anta nahIM hotA taba lakSmaNa AkramaNa kA dAyittva svayaM lete haiN| 'paumacariu' meM bhakti ke sopAna haiM- muni-samAgama, aparigraha, dayA-dAna-ahiMsAsatyabhASaNazIla, vrata-grahaNa, tapazcaraNa, samAdhi, dhyAna-jJAnaprApti, anantara mokss| solaha varSa kA vanavAsa svecchA se svIkAra kara rAma-lakSmaNa-sItA sahita khAI pArakara siddhakUTa jinabhavana meM pahu~cate haiM aura svayaM jinavara ko praNAmakara stuti karate haiN| paccIsavIM sandhi meM rathapura pahu~ce rAma bIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI nAmakrama se vandanA karate haiM - jaya risaha dusaha-parisaha-sahaNa / jaya ajiya ajiya-vammaha-mahaNa / jaya sambhava sambhava-NiddalaNa / jaya ahiNandaNa nnndiy-clnn| jaya sumai-bhaDArA sumi-kr| paumappaha paumappaha-pavara / jaya sAmi supAsa su-pAsa-haNa /

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 candappaha punnnn-cnd-vynn| jaya jaya pupphayanta pupphcciy| jaya sIyala sIyala-suha-saMciya / jaya seyaGkara seyaMsa-jiNa / jaya vAsupujja pujjiya-calaNa / jaya vimala-bhaDArA vimala muha / jaya sAmi aNanta aNanta-suha / jaya dhamma-jiNesara dhamma-dhara / jaya santi - bhaDArA santi-kara / jaya kunthu mahatthui-thua-calaNa / jaya ara-arahanta mahanta guNa / jaya malli mahalla-malla-malaNa / muni suvvaya su-vvaya suddha maNa // 25.8.2-11 / / - asahya parISaha sahana karanevAle RSabhadeva, ApakI jaya ho| ajeya kAma kA nAza karanevAle ajitanAtha, ApakI jaya ho| janma kA nAza karanevAle sambhavanAtha, ApakI jaya ho| nandita caraNa abhinandana, ApakI jaya ho| sumati karanevAle AdaraNIya sumati, ApakI jaya ho| padma (kamala) kI taraha saurabha (kIrtivAle) pravara padmanAtha, ApakI jaya ho| puSpoM se arcita puSpadanta, ApakI jaya ho| jinhoMne zItala sukha kA saMcaya kiyA hai aise zItalanAtha, ApakI jaya ho| kalyANa karanevAle zreyAMsajina, ApakI jaya ho| pUjya caraNa vAsupUjya, ApakI jaya ho; pavitramukha AdaraNIya vimalanAtha, ApakI jaya ho| ananta sukhavAle he ananta svAmI, ApakI jaya ho| he dharmadhAraNa karanevAle dharma jinezvara, ApakI jaya ho| he zAntividhAyaka AdaraNIya zAntinAtha, ApakI jaya ho| jinake caraNa mahAstutiyoM se saMstuta haiM aise kunthunAtha, ApakI jaya ho| mahAn guNoM se viziSTa ara arahanta, ApakI jaya ho| bar3e-bar3e malloM (kAmakrodhAdi) kA nAza karanevAle mallinAtha, ApakI jaya ho| suvratoMvAle zuddha mana he suvrata, ApakI jaya ho| yahI vandanA-bhakti unakA abhISTa hai aura bhAva-pUjA kA rUpa bhii| isake turanta agale prasaMga meM mahAkavi ne surati-Asakti kA citraNa kiyA hai - rayaNiheM majjheM payaTTai rAhavu / tAma Niyacchiu paramu mhaahvu|| kuddhai~ viddhai~ puly-visdRiN| mihuNai~ valai~ jema abhittttiN|| 23.11.1-2 / /

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36 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 - jaise hI rAghava rAtri ke madhya meM calate haiM, vaise hI, unhoMne parama mahAyuddha dekhaa| kruddha, viddha aura pulaka viziSTa mithuna, sainya kI taraha bhir3a jAte haiN| rAma ke pIche ayodhyA se nikale rAjAgaNa evaM sainika lauTakara punaH ayodhyA nahIM jaate| unameM se koI pravrajita hotA hai, koI tripuNDadhArI saMnyAsI banatA hai, koI trikAla yogI, to koI jinAlaya meM jAkara saMnyAsa le sthita hotA hai|5 . dazaratha ke sAtha eka sau cAlIsa loga pravrajita hote haiM aura kaThora pA~ca mahAvratoM ko dhAraNa karate haiN| siMharatha kA anucara rAjA vajrakarNa jinabhakta hai jo yaha upazama bhAva letA hai ki jinanAtha ko chor3akara vaha kisI aura ke lie namaskAra nahIM kregaa| rAjA siMharatha dvArA kruddha hokara rathapura para AkramaNa karane para bhI vaha apane saMkalpa se vicalita nahIM hotaa| vajrakarNa dvArA pradatta anna ko upakAra kA bhArI bhAra mAnanevAle rAma ke Adeza se lakSmaNa siMhodara se yuddha karate haiN| bhakti ke madhya vIra rasa kA yaha nirvAha adbhuta hai - sUru va jalaharehiM jaM veDhio kumAro / uTThiu dhara dalantu duvvaar-viri-vaaro|| ko vi musumUriu cUrIu paahiN| ko vi Nisumbhiu ttkkr-dhaaeNhiN| ko vi karagneMhi~ gayaNe bhamADiu / . ko vi rasantu mahIyaleM pADiu / ko vi jujjhaviu mes-jhddkkeN| ko vi kaDuvAviu hkk-dddkkeN| 25.15.1,5-7 / / X geNheMvi pahau Narindu nnrindeN| turae~ turau gaindu gindeN| rahieM rahiu rahagu rhneN| chatte chattu dhayaggu dhayagge // 25.16.8-9 / / - meghoM ke dvArA sUrya ghera liyA gayA ho| taba durvAra zatruoM para AkramaNa karanevAlA vaha (lakSmaNa) dharatI ko rauMdatA huA utthaa| kisI ko kucalakara usane pairoM se cUra-cUra kara diyA, kisI ko TakkaroM ke AghAta se naSTa kara diyaa| kisI ko hAtha se AkAza meM uchAla diyA, cillAte hue kisI ko dharatI para girA diyaa| kisI se meSa kI jhar3apa se bhir3a gayA, capeTa se khinna ho gyaa|

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 37 - pakar3ane ke lie rAjA se rAjA, ghor3oM se ghor3A, gajendra se gajendra, rathika se rathika, cakra se cakra, chatra se chatra aura dhvajAgra se dhvajAgra Ahata kara diyA gyaa| vRkSoM ke nAmAdi kA parigaNana kara kavi kevalajJAna - utpatti ke sthAnoM kA vistRta paricaya rAma ke mAdhyama se detA hai| 17 pratimAyoga meM sthita kulabhUSaNa evaM dezabhUSaNa muniyoM ko rAma vyantaroM, sA~poM, bicchuoM, latAoM se mukta kara dharmapAlana karate haiM jaM diTTha asesu vi ahi- NihAu / valaeu bhayaGkaru garuDu jAu / / 32.6.111 - jaba rAma ne samasta sarpa-samUha dekhA to ve bhayaMkara garur3a bana gaye / haz2AroM asuroM dvArA AkrAnta AkAza se muniyoM para kie gae upasarga para vIra rAmalakSmaNa vijaya prApta karate haiM / isI bIca munIndroM ko kevalajJAna utpanna ho jAtA hai| isa rUpa meM rAma ko dharma kI evaM munIndroM ko dharma evaM mokSa kI prApti hotI hai / kevalajJAna prApta munIndroM kI svayaM indra devagaNasahita na kevala pUjA karatA hai varan logoM ko rAgAsakti evaM viSayoM se dUra rahane kA upadeza bhI detA hai / 18 - kavi ne jIvotpatti - rahasya kA udghATana vijayaparvata rAjA ko paramezvara dvArA die gae upadeza meM kiyA hai - - jiu tiNNi avatthau uvvahai / utpatti- jarA pahilau je Nivaddhau puggala - parimANa maraNAvasaru / deha-gharu / suttu dhareM vi / kara-calaNa cayAri khambha kareMvi / vahu-atthi ji antarhi Dhakiiyau / camma chuha - paGkiiyau / mAsi sira-kalasAlakiu saMcarai / mANusu vara-bhavaNaho aNuharai // 33.6.1-5 // yaha jIva tIna avasthAe~ dhAraNa karatA hai / pahale utpatti-jarA aura maraNAvasaravAlA deharUpI ghara nibaddha hotA hai| pudgala parimANarUpI sUtra lekara, hAtha-pairarUpI cAra khambhe banAkara, phira bahuta-sI haDDiyoM ko A~toM se Dhakakara, mA~sa aura haDDiyoM ko carmarUpI cUne se sAna diyA gayA hai / sirarUpI kalaza se alaMkRta vaha calatA hai| isa prakAra manuSya vara bhavana kA anukaraNa karatA hai|

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38 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 sItA-viyoga-prasaMga meM eka bAra punaH svayaMbhUdeva jIva-utpatti kI prakriyA se 'azuci bhAva' para vicAra karate haiN| viraha meM vyAkula rAma ko cAraNa muniyoM dvArA deha-nissAratA evaM nazvaratA kA jJAna ina zabdoM meM karAyA jAtA hai - tahi tehae~ rs-vs-puuy-bhreN| Nava mAsa vasevau deh-dhreN| Nava-NAhi-kamalu utthallu jhiN| pahilau je piNDa-saMvandhu tahiM / dasa-divasu pariTTiu ruhir-jleN| kaNu jema paiNNu dhrnniyleN| vihi~ dasarattehiM samuTThiyau / NaM jaleM DiNDIru pariTTiyau / tihi~ dasarattehi~ tuvvau ghaDiu / NaM sisira-bindu kuGkumeM pddiu| dasarattaM cautthae~ vitthariu / NAvai pavalakuru NIsariu / paJcameM dasaratteM jAva valiu / NaM sUraNa-kandu cupphliu| dasa-dasaratteMhi~ kara-caraNa siru / vIsahiM NippaNNu sarIru thiru / NavamAsiu dehahoM NIsariu / vaDDhantu paDIvau vIsariu // 39.8.1-9 / / - usa vaise rasa, vasA aura pIpa se bhare hue deharUpI ghara meM (jIva ko) nau mAha basanA par3atA hai| jahA~ navanAbhirUpI kamala ubharatA hai, (narA) pahalA zarIra sambandha vahIM hotA hai| dasa dina taka rudhirarUpI jala meM rahatA hai, usI prakAra jisa prakAra dharatI para kaNa par3A rahatA hai| phira bIsa rAta meM vaha aMkurita hotA hai, mAno jala meM phena utpanna huA ho, tIsa rAta meM vaha budbuda bana jAtA hai, mAno kezara meM barpha-kaNa jama gayA ho| cAlIsa dina meM usakA vistAra hotA hai, jaise pravAla kA aMkura nikala AyA ho| pacAsa dina meM vaha mur3atA hai to jaise mAno cAroM ora se sUkSma jamIkanda phala gayA ho| phira sau dina meM kara; caraNa aura sira banate haiM, phira cAra sau rAtoM meM zarIra sthita hotA hai, isa prakAra nau mAha meM zarIra se bAhara nikala AtA hai aura bar3A hokara ulaTA use bhUla jAtA hai|

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 39 ___ inhIM mahAvratiyoM se rAma dharma-karma aura pApa-phala (anuprekSAe~) jAnanA cAhate haiN| kulabhUSaNa muni dharma, duSkRta karma evaM satya kA phala sunAte hue satya ko sarvopari pratiSThApita karate haiN| 'saccu sa-uttaru savva] paasiu|' unase hI rAma pA~ca mahAvratoM, dharmAnucaraNa- madhu, madya, mA~sa kA parityAga, jIva-dayA, saMllekhanApUrvaka mRtyu, sukRtAcaraNa- ahiMsA Adi, satyAcaraNa, paradravya-tyAga, aparigraha Adi; pA~ca aNuvrata- jIvadayA, satya-bhASaNa, ahiMsA, aparigraha, dAna; pA~ca guNavrata- dizA-pratyAkhyA, bhogopabhoga Adi; zikSAvrata- trikAla-vandana, proSadhopavAsa vrata, AhAra-dAna, saMnyAsa-dhAraNa, anarthadaNDa Adi kA vistArayukta jJAna prApta karate haiN|20 __ araNyAraNya meM tapasvI muni gupta evaM sugupta ko AhAra-dAnakara rAma-sItA Rddhi prApta karate haiN| dundubhi, gandha pavana, ratnAvalI, sAdhukAra aura kusumAJjali zAzvata dUtoM kI taraha ye pA~coM Azcarya svayaM prakaTa hote haiN| AhAra-dAna ke phalasvarUpa hI devoM dvArA dAna-Rddhi ke pradarzana ke rUpa meM rAma ke ghara meM sAr3he tIna lAkha atyanta mUlyavAna ratnoM kI vRSTi hotI hai| 'annadAna kI prazaMsA svayaM suravara-samUha karatA hai - aNNe dhariu bhuvaNu syraayru| aNNe dhammu kammu purisAyaru // 35.1.5 / / - anna se hI sacarAcara vizva sthita hai, anna se hI dharma, karma va puruSArtha hotA hai| dAna-Rddhi ke prabhAva se hI jaTAyu ko na kevala apane pUrvajanma kA smaraNa ho AtA hai pratyuta usake paMkha sone ke, coMca vidruma kI, kaNTha nIlamaNi ke, paira vaidUryamaNi ke aura pITha maNiyoM kI ho jAtI hai| jaTAyu, jo pUrvajanma meM rAjA daNDaka thA, jaina dharma svIkAra karane aura pA~ca sau sAdhuoM ko Azraya dene ke bAda bhI svajanoM ke SaDyantra ke kAraNa una muniyoM kI hatyA jaisA duSkarma kara baiThatA hai aura vinAza ko prApta ho vibhinna narakoM meM pA~ca sau bAra pIr3A prAptakara haz2AroM yoniyoM meM paribhramaNa karatA huA vartamAna rUpa meM janma pAtA hai| svarga- acyuta, brahmaloka, mahendra, saudharma, IzAna, sarvArthasiddhi, tIsarA evaM solahavA~ svarga tathA narakaratnaprabha, zarkarAprabha, bAlukAprabha, asipatra, tama-tamaprabhA Adi kA vistRta varNana isa mahAkAvya meM upalabdha hai| pA~ca NamokAra mantra ke uccAraNa kA mahattva svayaMbhUdeva jina prasaMgoM meM sthApita karate haiM unameM mahattvapUrNa hai- jaTAyu kA maraNAsanna avasthA meM rAma dvArA pA~ca NamokAra mantra ke uccAraNa ke sAtha ATha mUlaguNa prApta karanA, jisakI phala-prApti vaha mAhendra svarga evaM mokSa prApti ke rUpa meM karatA hai; dUsare, paMkajaruci (pUrvajanma meM dharmadatta, bhavAntara meM zrIcandra, tad anantara zrIrAma) dvArA maraNAsanna bUr3he baila ke kAna meM sunAyA gayA paMcaNamokAra mantra, jisake prabhAva se baila kA jIva jinabhakta zrIdattA ke garbha sthita ho janma ke anantara vRSabhadhvaja nAma se vikhyAta hotA hai|

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40 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 rAjA droNaghana kI putrI vizalyA ke snAna-jala se ayodhyAvAsiyoM ke vyAdhimukta ho jAne para bharata zAzvata mokSa ke sthAna siddhakUTa jina-mandira meM jAkara trilokacakra ke svAmI arahanta bhagavAn kI vandanA karate haiN| jina-vandana ke bAda ve mahAmuni-vandana karate haiM aura kAlAntara meM tapazcaraNa svIkAra kara pravrajita hote haiN| ye mahAmuni dasa prakAra ke dharma kI dizAe~ batAte, dussaha pariSahoM, pA~ca mahAvrata kA bhAra sahate, tapa-guNa-saMyama aura niyama kA pAlana karate, tIna guptiyoM ke dhAraNakartA, zAntizIla, samasta kaSAyoM se dUra, garmI meM AtApanI zilA para tapa karanevAle, bhayaMkara maraghaToM meM vIrAsana aura ukkuDa AsanoM meM dhyAna magna rahanevAle haiM - jiNu vandaMvi vandiu parama-risi / jeM darisiya-dasaviha-dhamma-disi // 68.6.1 / / yuddha meM apanI vijaya sunizcita karane evaM bahurUpiNI vidyA kI siddhi ke lie rAvaNa zAntinAtha mandira meM jAkara dhyAna, bhAva-pUjA evaM dravya-pUjA donoM karatA hai - paTTaNe ghosaNa deyi jIva aTTha divasa mambhIsami / acchami jhANArUdu vaTTai santiharu paIsami // 70.11.10 / / - sAre nagara meM munAdI piTavA dI gayI ki koI Dare nahIM, aura ATha dina kI bAta hai, maiM dhyAna karane jA rahA haiN| aba maiM zAntinAtha mandira meM jAkara dhyAna kruuNgaa| __avicala aura bhArI bhakti se bharA huA pratyeka laMkAvAsI nizAcara jina-pUjA karatA hai- 'ghareM ghareM paDimau ahisaaru|' 71vIM sandhi ke 1 se 11 taka ke samasta ghattA aura paMktiyA~ jina-pUjana se sambaddha haiN| ve ziva haiM, jaTA-jUTadhArI hokara bhI jaTAoM ko ukhAr3e DAlate haiM - paraM paramapAraM sivaM syl-saarN| jarA-maraNa-NAsaM jaya- ssiri-NivAsaM // aggae~ thuNe vi jiNindahoM bhuvaNAnandahoM mahiyale jaNNu-jottu kareM vi| NAsaggANiya-loaNu aNimisa-joaNu thiu maNe acalu jhANu dhare vi|| 71.11. // - he zreSTha paramapAra, he sarvazreSTha ziva, Apane janma, jarA aura mRtyu kA anta kara diyA hai| isa prakAra bhuvanAnandadAyaka jinendra kI stuti kara, dharatI-tala para rAvaNa ne namaskAra kiyA, apanI A~khoM ko nAka ke agrabindu para jamAkara apalaka nayana hokara usane mana meM avicala dhyAna prArambha kara diyaa| saMsAra-cakra kI nissAratA para kevala munigaNa hI apane vicAra nahIM rakhate apitu rAvaNa

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41 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 kA bhAI vibhISaNa bhI apane rudana kA kAraNa rAvaNa ke ayaza evaM manuSya zarIra kI anazvaratA ko hI ThaharAtA hai - eNa sarIre avinny-thaanne| ditttth-nn?-jl-bindu-smaanne|| 77.4.2 / / - yaha manuSya zarIra avinaya kA sthAna haiM, jala kI bU~da ke samAna dekhate-dekhate jala jAtA hai| viyoga-jvAlA se santapta zarIra rAma bhI jarA-janma aura mRtyu-bhaya se paricalita saMsAra-cakra ko nissAra mAnate haiN| rAvaNa ke agni-saMskAra ke rUpa meM bhI kavi paJcabhautika deha kI nazvaratA pratipAdita karatA hai mAno Aga bhI apanI kA~patI huI zikhA se kaha rahI ho re re jaNa NIsArau viTTalu khalu saMsArau / darisiya-NANAvatthau dukkhA su vi gtthu|| 77.14 / / " - are-are logoM, yaha saMsAra kSaNabhaMgura aura nissAra hai| isameM nAnA avasthAe~ dekhanI * par3atI haiM, yaha duHkha kA AvAsa hai| kAla kA prabhAva evaM Ayu kI anityatA sarvavidita hai| kavi svayaMbhUdeva mahAnAga ke rUpaka kI AyojanA dvArA mahAkAla evaM usakI prANagrAhiNI zakti kA svarUpa ina zabdoM meM spaSTa karate haiM - visamahoM dIharahoM. annitttthiyhoN| tihuynn-vmmiiy-pritttthiyhaaN| ko kAla - bhuyaGgahoM uvvri| jo jagu jeM savvu uvarAGgharai / ke vi gilai gileMvi ke vi uggilai kahi mi jammAvasANe mili|| x tahoM ko vi Na cukkai bhukkhiyahA~ kAla-bhuaGhoM duushhoN| jiNa - vayaNa - rasAyaNu lahu piyahA~ jeM ajarAmaru pau lahahA~ / / 78.2. / / - isa tribhuvanarUpI vana meM mahAkAlarUpI mahAnAga rahatA hai, viSama, vizAla aura aniSTakArI; usase kauna baca sakatA hai! vaha saMsAra se sabakA upasaMhAra karatA hai, usakI jahA~ kahIM bhI dRSTi jAtI, vahA~-vahA~ mAno vinAza nAca utthtaa| kinhIM ko vaha nigala jAtA, aura nigala kara ugala detA, kisI se usakI bheMTa jIvana ke antima samaya hotii| - usa bhUkhe aura asahya kAlarUpI mahAnAga se koI nahIM bctaa| isalie jinavacana-rUpI rasAyana ko zIghra pI lo jisase ajara-amara pada pA sko| kevala jina-vacanarUpI rasAyana ke pAna se hI ajara-amara pada pAyA jA sakatA hai|

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42 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 mahAkAla rUpI mahAnAga kA parivAra bhI vistRta hai| yaha kAla utsarpiNI evaM avasarpiNI do nAginoM se ghirA hai| eka-eka nAgina ke tIna-tIna samaya haiN| usake bhI sATha putra haiM jo saMvatsara ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| una saMvatsaroM kI bhI do patniyA~ haiM jo uttarAyaNa aura dakSiNAyana nAma se prasiddha haiN| caitra se phAguna taka usake chaha vibhAga haiN| unake bhI kRSNa aura zukla nAmaka do putra haiM jinakI pandraha-pandraha prANapriyaM patniyA~ haiN| tInoM lokoM meM aisA koI prANI nahIM jisako isane na DasA ho| kAla kA prabhAva samajhakara udvelita hue indrajIta, meghavAhana, maya, kumbhakarNa, mArIca Adi rAvaNa-pakSa ke aneka narendra tathA amarendra zIla dhAraNakara saMnyasta ho jAte haiN| mandodarI sahita rAvaNa kA samasta antaHpura bhI dIkSA le letA hai| laMkA meM praviSTa hue azAnta rAma svayaM zAntilAbha hetu apanI patnI-bhAI evaM anucaroM ke sAtha zAntinAtha mandira meM jAte haiN| viSayAsakti se nistAraNa hetu mathurA kA rAjA madhu kaThora pA~ca mahAvratoM ko dhAraNakara jina-bhagavAn kI zaraNa letA hai| pA~ca NamokAra mantra kA uccAraNa, ke saba sukhoM ke Adi nirmAtA arahanta bhagavAn sAta varNoM kA uccAraNa kara, punaH zAzvata siddhi-dAtA siddha bhagavAn ke pA~ca varNoM kA uccAraNa kara, puna: upAdhyAya ke nau varNoM kA uccAraNa aura anta meM sarvasAdhuoM ke nau varNoM kA uccAraNa arthAt karma-nirjarA hetu arahanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya, sAdhu kA smaraNa- cintavana, svayaMbhUdeva ke zabdoM meM zAstra kI paramparAe~ banAnevAle paiMtIsa akSaroM kA uccAraNa kara vaha AtmadhyAna meM sthita hotA hai aura gajavara para sthita hI usakA zarIrAnta hotA hai| ' bhakti-kAla kI nirguNa-saguNa donoM dhArAoM meM strI-deha ko heya ThaharAyA gayA hai; cAhe bhakta kabIra hoM yA tulsiidaas| svayaMbhUdeva 'paumacariu' meM indriyAsakti-viSayabhoga evaM moha kA pradhAna kAraNa nArI ko siddha karate hue nArI-deha evaM caritra ke tiraskAra-bhartsanA kA dvAra unmukta karate dIkhate haiN| svayaM sItA ke zabda 'jiha Na homi paDivArI tiyamaI'- (jisase dubArA nArI na baneM) isI bhAva ke poSaka haiM; kintu strI-sammAna evaM Atma-sammAna kI rakSA vaha svayaM rAjya ke tiraskAra dvArA karatI hai| sneha kA parityAga karatI vaidehI dAyeM hAtha se apane sira ke keza-loMcakara unheM rAma ke sammukha DAlakara aTala tapazcaraNa aMgIkArakara dIkSita hotI hai|28 bhavAntara ke karmaphala kA bhoga vyakti ko agale janma meM karanA hI par3atA hai kintu mAnava-janma prAptakara vaha tapazcaraNa dvArA apane prArabdha ko parivartita karane meM samartha ho sakatA hai; jisake lie AvazyakatA hai dharma-pAlana kii| satkarma, aparigraha, tapazcaraNa vyakti ko Rddhi-siddhi pradAna karate haiM aura duSkarma usake kalaMka kA kAraNa banate haiN| sItA, pUrvajanma meM vedavatI ke rUpa meM kie gae apane duSkarma kA phala apavAda ke rUpa meM isa janma meM pAtI hai| ghora vIra tapa sAdhate hue bAsaTha sAla bitA, taiMtIsa dinoM kI samAdhi lagAkara vaha indratva prAptakara sohalaveM svarga meM sUryaprabha nAmaka vizAla

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 43 vimAna meM utpanna hotI hai| hanumAn tathA lavaNa-aMkuza bhI saMsAra kI kSaNa-bhaMguratA, anityatA se utpanna vairAgya ke kAraNa kramaza: dharmaratna cAraNaRSi evaM amRtasara mahAmuni ke samIpa jA dIkSA le lete haiN| hanumAna ke sAtha sAta sau pacAsa vidyAdhara, sugrIva kA putra supadma, khara kI beTI anaMgakusuma, nala kI putrI zrImAlinI, laMkAsundarI tathA anya ATha haz2Ara manohara striyA~ dIkSA letI haiN| hanumAn ke mAtA-pitA pavana aura aMjanA bhI putra-zoka se vyAkula ho pravrajita hote haiN| hanumAn kaThina japa-tapa kara kevalajJAna prAptakara vahA~ pahu~cate haiM'jetthu sa ya mbhu deu ta hiM pattau' (jahA~ svayaM svayaMbhUdeva the)| ziva, zambhu, jinezvara, deva-deva mahezvara, jina, jinendra, kAlaMjaya, zaMkara, sthANu, hiraNyagarbha, tIrthaMkara, vidhu, svayaMbhU, bharata, aruha, arahanta, jayaprabha, sUri, kevalI, rudra, viSNu, hara, jagadguru, nirapekSa parampara, paramANu parampara, aguru, alaghu, niraMjana, niSkala, niravayava aura nirmala Adi nAmoM se devatAoM, nAgoM aura manuSyoM dvArA stutya RSabhanAtha kA svayaM indra mahimA-gAyana karate haiN| lakSmaNa kI mRtyu se kSubdha hue mohAsakta rAma mAhendra svarga meM utpanna jaTAyu evaM kRtAnta deva ke prayAsa se 'bodhi' prApta karate haiM aura lavaNa ke putra ko rAjapaTTa bA~dhakara suvrata nAmaka cAraNaRSi ke pAsa jAkara dIkSA grahaNa kara lete haiN| rAma ke saMnyAsa lete hI zatrughna, vibhISaNa, nala, nIla, sugrIva, aMgada, virAdhita Adi solaha haz2Ara rAjA dharma-dIkSA le lete haiM aura rAmalakSmaNa kI mAtAe~ bhI sattAIsa haz2Ara striyoM ke sAtha dIkSA grahaNa karatI haiN| rAma bAraha prakAra kA kaThora tapa aMgIkArakara, parISaha sahanakara, guptiyoM kA pAlana karate hue pahAr3a kI coTI para jA dhyAnalIna hote haiN| rAtri meM unheM avadhi-jJAna prApta hotA hai| koTizilA para dhyAnalIna avasthA meM unheM mAgha mAha ke zuklapakSa meM bArahavIM-rAtri ke caturtha prahara meM cAra ghAtiyA karmoM kA vinAza hone para - 'samujjalu parama-NANu'- 'samujjva la parama (kevala) jJAna' utpanna hotA hai; aura'khaNe kevala cakkhuheM jAu sylu'| cAroM nikAyoM ke deva, indra Adi apane samasta vaibhava ke sAtha vahA~ Akara kevalajJAna-utpatti kA bhakti-bhAva se aniMdya pUjana karate haiN|" krodha vinAza kA mUla kAraNa hai| sItendra ke mAdhyama se kavi svayaMbhUdeva upazama kA Azraya lene kI maMtraNA dete haiM - koha mUlu savvahu~ vi anntthhuN| koha mUlu saMsArAvatthahu~ // 89.10.1 / / - krodha hI saba anarthoM kA mUla hai, saMsAra-avasthA kA mUla krodha hI hai| dharma-bhAvanA ke kAraNa sItendra kAlAntara meM acyuta svarga ko prApta hotA hai| svayaM rAma bhI AdinAtha bhagavAn ke nikaTa cale jAte haiM arthAt mokSa prApta karate haiMgau rahuvai kaihi mi divaseMhi~ tihuaNa-maGgala gaarohoN| ajarAmara-pura-paripAlahoM pAsu sa ya mbhu-bhaDArAhau~ / / 90.12.78 / /

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-- 44 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 ___- kitane hI dinoM ke bAda rAma bhI tribhuvana kalyANakArI ajara-amarapuroM kA pAlana karanevAle AdaraNIya AdinAtha bhagavAn ke nikaTa cale gye| 'paumacariu' meM dharma evaM mokSa kI prApti kA mArga nivRttiparaka hai| rAga kI pracuratA ko samApta karane ke lie jinendra kA smaraNa-cintavana-pUjA kI jAtI hai| svayaMbhUdeva ne donoM hI prakAra bhAva-pUjA (guNoM kA cintavana) evaM dravya pUjA (jala, candanAdi aSTadravya pUjA) kA Azraya mahAkAvya ke vibhinna prasaMgoM meM liyA hai| jaina dharma meM anitya, azaraNa, saMsAra, ekatva, anyatva, azuci, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, loka, bodhi-durlabha tathA dharma bhAvanA nAmaka bAraha bhAvanAoM ko anuprekSA ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai| jinake bAra-bAra cintavana se kaSAyakalApoM meM lIna cittavRttiyA~ vItarAgatA kI ora prerita hotI haiN| karmamukti arthAt mokSaprAptyartha jaina darzana kA lakSya rahA hai - vItarAga vijJAnatA kI prApti / yaha vItarAgatA samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritrarUpI ratnatraya kI samanvita sAdhanA se upalabdha hotI hai| isake anusAra jIva-ajIva Adi nava-tattvoM kA yathArtha bodha samyagjJAna, tattvoM ke yathArtha svarUpa para kiyA gayA zraddhAna/dRr3ha pratIti arthAt svAtmapratyakSapUrvaka sva-para bheda yA karttavya-akartavya kA viveka samyagdarzana hai| yaha mokSa kA prathama sopAna mAnA gayA hai|" - jinendra-pUjA sAMsArika prANiyoM ko duHkha-mukta kara mokSa kI ora le jAtI hai| yaha bhakti mohAsakti ke tyAga, parISaha-sahana-kSamatA evaM tapazcaraNa para nirbhara karatI hai| rAmacarita mAnasa meM varNita bhakti pravRttiparaka hai- 'raghupati bhagati sulabha sukhkaarii'| sAMsArika manuSya isa mArga para calakara Izvara kA darzana kara sakatA hai| santa-samAgama, dama-zama-zIla-aparigrahaahiMsA-dayA-satyAcaraNa evaM dhyAna kA mahattva donoM meM samAna hai| kAma-mada-dambha kA parityAga donoM mArgoM meM anivArya hai| kintu pravRtti mArga jahA~ parabrahma ke avatAra rUpa meM alaukika darzana ke anirvacanIya Ananda taka pahu~cAtA hai, vahA~ pahu~ca samasta bandhana svataH hI kaTa jAte haiM; vahIM nivRtti mArga vicAramUlaka vairAgya, tattvajJAna (paumacariu meM kevalajJAna) evaM dhyAna/samAdhi dvArA mokSa taka pahu~cAtA hai| zRMgAra rasa ke nirvAha hetu svayaMbhUdeva ne paraspara anurAga-varNana, aMga-saundarya-varNana, kAma-dazA-citraNa, surati-citraNa, ramaNa Adi tathA vipralambha kA vidhAna kiyA hai| kaikeyI, kalyANamAlA, sItA, vizalyA, kamalotsavA, mandAkinI, candrabhAgA, mandodarI tathA rAvaNa ke samasta anta:pura ke AMgika saundarya-citraNa, nakha-zikha-varNana meM kavi ne upamA, utprekSA, udAharaNa Adi alaMkAra-maNiyA~ bikhera-sI dI haiN| hari paharantu pasaMsiu jAveM hiN| jANai NayaNakaDakkhiya tAveM hiN| sukai-kaha vva su-sandhi su-sandhiya /

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 su-paya su-vayaNa su-sadda su-vaddhiya / thira-kalahaMsa-gamaNa gai - manthara / kisa majjhAra Niyamba su-vitthara / romAvali myrhruttinnnnii| NaM pimpili - riJcholi viliNNI / ahiNava - huNDa piNDa pINa-tthaNa / NaM mayagala ura-khambha-NisumbhaNa / rehai vayaNa - kamalu akalaMkau / NaM mANasa-sare viyasiu paMkau / su-laliya-loyaNa laliya-pasaNNaha~ / NaM varaitta miliya vr-knnnnhN| gholai puTTihi~ veNi mahAiNi / candaNa-layahi~ lalai NaM NAiNi // 38.3.1-9 / / - jaba vaha prahAra karate hue lakSmaNa kI prazaMsA kara rahA thA, tabhI use sItA dikhAI dI, jo sukavi kI kathA kI taraha sundara sandhiyoM se jur3I huI thI, sundara pada (caraNa aura pada); suvacana (sundara bolI aura vacana), suzabda (sundara zabdoMvAlI); aura subaddha (acchI taraha nibaddha) thii| sthira kalahaMsa ke samAna calanevAlI, gati meM manthara, madhya meM kRza, nitamba meM atyanta vistAravAlI, nAbhipradeza se nikalI huI romarAji isa prakAra thI mAno cIMTiyoM kI katAra vilIna ho gayI ho| jo abhinava (huNDa) zarIra, pIna stanoMvAlI thI mAno urarUpI khambhoM ko nAza karanevAlA matavAlA gaja ho| usakA kalaMkarahita mukha-kamala zobhita hai, mAno mAnasarovara meM kamala khilA haA ho| sandara locana aise haiM mAno lalita prasanna zreSTha kanyAoM ko vara mila gaye hoN| usake puTThoM para veNI isa prakAra vyApta hai mAno candana-latAoM se nAgina lipaTI huI ho| vAlmIki ke samAna hI svayaMbhUdeva ne puruSa-saundarya kA citraNa kiyA hai| lakSmaNa-rAma, rAvaNa, hanumAna ke divya saundarya para kramaza: kalyANamAlA-vanamAlA-jitapadmA, sItA, mandodarI, laMkAsundarI Adi AkRSTa ho unase pariNaya kara letI haiN| ___sItA kA paTa-nirmita citra kA saundarya bhAmaNDala ko kAma kI dasa dazAoM taka pahu~cAtA hai,35 to lakSmaNa kA aMga-sauSThava evaM saundarya kalyANamAlA ko - pahilaeN kahoM vi samANu Na volli| vIyae~ guru NIsAsu pemlli|

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46 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 taiyae~ sayalu aMgu * paritappai / cauthae~ NaM karavattehiM kappar3a / paJcameM puNu puNu paaseijji| chaTTae~ vAravAra mucchijji| sattame jalu vi jaladda Na bhAvai / aTThameM maraNa-lIlA darisAvai / Navamae~ pANa paDanta Na veyaa| dasamae~ siru chijjantu Na ceyai / / 26.8.4-8 / / - pahalI avasthA meM vaha kisI samAna vyakti se bAta nahIM karatA, dUsarI meM lambe niHzvAsa chor3ane lagatA hai, tIsarI meM sAre aMga santapta ho uThate haiM, cauthI meM jaise karapatra se kATA jA rahA ho, pA~cavIM meM bAra-bAra pasInA Ane lagatA hai, chaThI meM bAra-bAra mUrchA Ane lagatI hai, sAtavIM meM jala yA jala se gIlA kapar3A acchA nahIM lagatA, AThavIM meM vaha mRtyulIlA dikhAtA hai| nauvIM meM nahIM jAte hue prANoM ko nahIM jAnatI; dasavIM meM phaTate hue sira ko nahIM jaantii| vahIM rAvaNa sItA ke saundarya para lubdha apanI sudha-budha kho baiThatA hai - pahilaaiM vayaNu viyArehiM bhjjdd'| pemma-paravvasu kahoM vi Na ljji| vIyae~ muha-pAseu vlggi| sarahasu gADhAliMgaNu mggi| vIyae~ ai virahANalu tppdd'| kAma-gahillau puNu puNu jmpi| cauthae~ NIsasantu Nau thakkar3a / siru saMcAlai bhau~hau vaMkai / paJcameM paJcama - jhuNi aalaavdd'| vihaseM vi danta-panti darisAvai / chaDae~ aMgu valai karu moddi| puNu dADhIyau laeppiNu toddi| vadRi tallavella sttmyhaaN| mucchau enti janti aTThamaya hoN|

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 Navamau vaTTai maraNahA~ ddhukku| dasamae~ pANahi~ kaha va Na mukkau // 38.5.1-9 // - pahalI avasthA meM usakA makha vikAroM se bhagna ho jAtA hai, prema ke vazIbhata vaha kisI se bhI lajjita nahIM hotaa| dUsarI meM mukha se pasInA nikalane lagA aura vaha harSapUrvaka pragAr3ha AliMgana mA~gane lgtaa| tIsarI meM vaha virahAnala se atyadhika santapta ho utthtaa| kAma se grasta hokara vaha bAra-bAra boltaa| cauthI meM niHzvAsa lete hue nahIM thktaa| sira hilAtA aura bhauMhoM ko Ter3hI krtaa| pA~cavIM meM paMcama svara meM alApa karatA aura ha~sakara apanI dantapaMkti dikhaataa| chaThI meM zarIra ko mor3atA aura hAtha mor3atA phira dAr3hI ko pakar3akara noctaa| sAtavIM avasthA meM tar3aphane lgtaa| AThavIM meM mUrchA AtI aura jaatii| nauvIM meM mRtyu nikaTa A phuNcii| dasavIM avasthA meM vaha prANoM se kisI prakAra muktabhara nahIM huaa| yaha nahIM, sItA kA sAnnidhya prApta karanevAle rAma ke prArabdha kI vaha bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA karatA hai - jeNa samANu eha dhaNa jmpi| muha-muheNa tambolu smppdd'| X jaM AliGi vly-snnaahhiN| maali-maalaa-koml-vaahhiN| 38.4 / / - jisake sAtha yaha kanyA bAta karatI hai, bAra-bAra unheM pAna samarpita karatI hai| jo vaha valayoM se sahita, mAlatI-mAlA ke samAna komala bAhoM se AliMgana karatI hai| * surati-citraNa evaM ramaNa ke prasaMga bhI 'paumacariu' meM vidyamAna haiN| isa prakAra 'paumacariu' samAja, nIti kI tulanA meM bhakti, zRMgAra, vIra-bhAva se pUrNa sundara- 'vuhayaNa-maNa-suha-jaNaNo' vyAkaraNa se dRr3ha sandhi-yukta, Agama kA aMgabhUta, pramANoM se puSTa padayukta kAvya hai, isameM koI sandeha nhiiN| 1. DaoN. rAkeza gupta, sAhityAnuzIlana, pR. 254 vahI, pR. 255 svayaMbhUdeva, paumacariu, sandhi-90.14 vAlmIki rAmAyaNa, bAlakANDa, pR. 15.25-26 adhyAtma rAmAyaNa, bAlakANDa, caturtha/17 mAnasa, bAlakANDa, pR. 207 sAketa, aSTama sarga, pR. 137 AcArya rAmacandra zukla, hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 63 5.

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 on oroo ooo 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. rAmacarita mAnasa, araNyakANDa, 34-35 paumacariu, 22.8.9 vahI, 67.3.1-3 vahI, 26.14.9 vahI, 31.11.4-9; 13.1-7 vahI, 33.12.3-9; 13.1-2 paumacariu-2, pR. 16, 80, 116, 153, 182, 198, 280, 294, 322 Adi vahI, 66.14.1 vahI, 23.10.1-13 vahI, 23.15.9 vahI, 24.6.4 vahI, 32.4.1-11, 32.5.1-7 vahI, 32.14.9 vahI, 34.4.9 vahI, 34.4-8 vahI, 34.13.9 vahI, 39.2.3-8 vahI, 84.9.2-3 vahI, 78.4.1-8 vahI, 78.11.1-13 vahI, 80.13.1-8 vahI, 39.6-7.1-9; 81.5.1-10; 83.17.9 vahI, 83.18.1-2 vahI, 85.12.3-9 vahI, 87.2.10 vahI, 89.7.1-6 apabhraMza bhAratI, 11-12, DaoN. rAjIva pracaNDiyA kA Alekha, pR. 44, 48, 49 vahI, 31.1-4 30. 31. 32. 33.

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 49 34. vahI, 23.8.2-5, 26.10, 69.21.1-14, 33.11.4-8, 86.5.1-8 41.4.1-9, 72.5.2-11 35. vahI, 21.9.1-9 36. vahI, 23.11.1-8, 86.12.3-6, 73.14.1-6 'aMzumAn-Rta' pilagrima laoNja kampAuNDa mallItAla, nainItAla

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50 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 tahiM ujjeNipurI pariNivasai iha jaMvUdIvae amarAlaya-dAhiNa-disi bhAyae vr-nnNdnn-truvr-succhaaye| bharaha-varisi sari-sarayara-suMdare kiilnn-mnn-sur-bhuusiy-kNdre| asthi visau savvattha saNAmeM ai-vitthiNu avaMtI nnaameN| jahiM sAsehiM vivajjiya NA'vaNi muNi-paya-raya-vasa-phaMsaNa-pAvaNi / jahi Na kovi kaMcaNa-dhaNa-dhaNNahiM maNi-rayaNihiM parihariu khnnnnhiN| tiNa davvu va vaMdhava-suhi-sayaNahiM jiNa-bhattie ai-viysiy-vynnhiN| rUva siri vi Na rahiya-sohagge Amoiya amiyaasnn-vggeN| sohaggu vi Naya-sIlu Niruttau sIlu Na suaNa pasaMsa vi uttu| Nijjala NaI Na jalu vi Na sIyalu akusumu taru vi Na phNsiy-nnhylu| tahiM ujjeNipurI pari-Nivasai jA devAha mi mANaiM hrsi| pattA-ghara-paMtihiM maNi-dippaMtihiM uvhsiyaa'mr-mNdir| vahu haTTahiM jaNa-saMghaTTahiM vuha-yaNa-yaNANaMdira / vaDDamANacariu 7.9. // - jambUdvIpa meM sumeru parvata ke dakSiNIdizA-bhAga meM zreSTha nandana vRkSoM kI saghana chAyAvAle, nandI-sarovaroM se sundara evaM krIDAzIla devoM se bhUSita ghATiyoMvAle bharatavarSa meM samasta samRddhiyoM se sampanna svanAmadhanya evaM ativistIrNa avantI nAmaka deza hai, jahA~ kI pRthivI (kahIM bhI) dhAnya se rahita (dikhAI) nahIM (detI) hai, jahA~ kI bhUmi munipadoM kI raja:sparza se pavitra hai, jahA~ koI bhI puruSa aisA na thA jo kAMcana, dhana-dhAnya tathA ramya maNi-ratnoM se rahita ho, usa dravya ke upabandha se jahA~ kI vasudhA para sajjanagaNa jinabhakti se ati vikasita vadana hokara rahate haiM, jahA~ kI kAminiyA~ rUpazrI se rahita nahIM haiM tathA jo mattagaja kI lIlAgati se gamana karatI haiN| rUpazrI bhI aisI na thI jo ki saubhAgya se rahita ho aura jo amRtAzana varga (devagaNoM) se anumodita na ho, saubhAgya bhI aisA na thA jo vinayazIla yukta na ho, zIla bhI aisA na thA jo sujanoM kI prazaMsA se yukta na ho| jahA~ kI nadiyA~ aisI na thIM jo jalarahita hoN| jala bhI aisA na thA ki jo zIlatA se yukta na ho| jahA~ ke vRkSa kusumarahita nahIM hai tathA aisA koI vRkSa na thA jo nabhastala ko sparza na karatA hai usa avanti deza meM ujjayinI nAmakI eka purI hai jo devoM ke mana ko bhI harSita karatI hai| ghattA - jisa ujjayinI nagarI kI budhajanoM ke netroM ko Anandita karanevAlI maNiyoM se dIpta yaha paMktiyA~ deva mandiroM (svarga) para ha~satI-sI pratIta hotI haiN| jahA~ aneka hATabAjAra lagate haiM, jinameM logoM kI bhIr3a lagI rahatI hai| anu. - DaoN. rAjArAma jaina

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 akTUbara 2001-2002 paumacariu kI sItA . - zrImatI snehalatA jaina samAja meM suvyavasthA banAye rakhane ke lie zArIrika kSamatA ke AdhAra para sAdhAraNatayA mahilAoM kA kArya-kSetra ghara va puruSoM kA kArya-kSetra ghara se bAhara nizcita kiyA gayA hai| tadartha baccoM kA lAlana-pAlana, ghara kI sundara vyavasthA, zilpa, saMgIta Adi jIvana ke sukhoM ke lie atyanta Avazyaka zikSA jaise madhura kAryoM para nArI kA pUrA adhikAra hone se vaha kevala nArI na hokara kalA kI adhiSThAtrI lagatI hai| usake bhAvoM meM hRdaya kI komalatA hotI hai| isake viparIta puruSoM kA kArya-kSetra ghara ke bAhara hone se unheM apane kSetra ke vikAsa karane hetu hRdaya se jyAdA buddhi para nirbhara rahanA par3atA hai| isalie unake bhAvoM meM bhI buddhi kI kaThoratA honA svAbhAvika hai| phira bhI komala bhAvoM ke maMjula aMka para palI huI striyoM ke sAhacarya se kaThora puruSoM ko bhI komala bhAvoM kA anubhava hotA hai| isa prakAra puruSa va mahilAe~ donoM hI apane-apane patha ke kartavya kA nirvAha kara sukha evaM zAnti se jIvanayApana karate haiN| - vastutaH aisA samatala jIvana jInA sabhI ke lie hamezA AsAna nahIM hai| viSama paristhitiyoM meM aparihArya kAraNoM se yA apanI vizeSa yogyatA kA upayoga karane kI mahatvAkAMkSA se mahilAoM ko bhI ghara se bAhara nikalanA par3A hai| Aja hama dekha hI rahe haiM ki naukarI va vyavasAya se lekara vijJAna tathA takanIkI kAryoM meM bhI ve puruSoM kA sahayoga karate hue Age bar3ha rahI haiN| ina sabhI mahilAoM ko apane-apane kArya-kSetra meM vikasita hote dekhakara apAra harSa

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52 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 hotA hai lekina gaharA aphasosa bhI hotA hai mAtra una mahilAoM para jinhoMne ghara se bAhara, apanA kArya-kSetra to badala liyA hai lekina usake anurUpa apanI buddhi kA upayoga nahIM kiyaa| isase ve puruSoM kA pada grahaNa karane kI spardhA meM to par3a hI rahI haiM sAtha hI apane strItva-rUpa mUlAdhAra ko bhI naSTa kiye jA rahI haiN| pariNAmataH bahirmukha hotI huIM ve aizvaryavatI mahilAoM ke rUpa-raMga, hAva-bhAva, keza-vinyAsa Adi kI tarapha isa kadara bar3ha rahI haiM ki AIne meM ve apane citra ko dUsarI striyoM ke citra meM kalpita kara dekhatI haiN| isase unheM apanI mUla jyoti kI ora dekhane kA avakAza hI nahIM miltaa| dizA-zUnya hokara kevala tRSNA kI pUrti ke lie daur3atI huI unheM dekhakara lagatA hai ki vaha samaya aba jyAdA dUra nahIM jaba striyoM kI maryAdA kA gaurava lupta ho jaayegaa| aise meM aba ina mahilAoM ke strItva kI rakSA hetu una mahilAoM ko Adarza rUpa meM rakhane kI AvazyakatA hai jo sadiyoM se Atmika vikAsa ke anamola ratna rahI haiN| apabhraMza bhASA ke mahAkavi svayaMbhU dvArA racita 'paumacariu' kAvya kI nAyikA sItA bhI aisA hI Adarza ratna hai jo pratyeka mahilA ko sahaja citta, zIlavAna, guNAnurAgI tathA nItijJa banane kA sandeza detI hai| vaha yaha bhI ghoSaNA karatI hai ki ina guNoM ko apanAkara Aja bhI vaha vizva ke sandarbha meM bhAratIya saMskRti ke lupta hote hue gaurava ko punaH pratiSThita sthAna dilavAne meM samartha hai| 'paumacariu' kI yaha sItA nArI-sulabha sahaja bhAvoM se yukta hone se sahaja citta hai| isa rUpa meM vaha kabhI bhayabhIta hokara karuNa vilApa karatI huI apane bhAgya ko kosatI naz2ara AtI hai to kabhI mAtRtva bhAva se zubhakAmanAe~ detI huI dikhatI hai| vahI sItA rAvaNa dvArA haraNa kiye jAne para rAma se viyukta hotI hai to apane zIla kI rakSA ke prayatna meM kaThora bana jAtI hai| usake jIvana meM zIla ke saundarya ko vikRta karanevAle aneka upasargakArI prasaMga Ate haiM kintu sItA upasargoM kI usa ghar3I meM avicalita hokara apane zIla kI rakSA to karatI hI hai sAtha hI upasarga karanevAloM ko bhI prabhAvahIna kara detI hai| zIla-saundarya ko malina karanevAle ye upasarga bhinna-bhinna vyaktiyoM ke dvArA bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM hue haiN| sItA ne bhI apane zIla kI rakSA meM unhIM upasargoM ke ThIka anurUpa bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM hI apane viveka kA upayoga kiyA hai| isa taraha ina sahaja, komala tathA zIla kI rakSA meM kaThora bhAvoM se yukta saundarya ko prApta sItA ke jIvana ke pakSoM ko kavi svayaMbhU ne apane 'paumacariu meM bahuta hI sarala evaM sundara rUpa meM saMjoyA hai jo isa prakAra hai - 1. nArI-sulabha sahaja bhAvoM se yukta sItA bhaktibhAva se ota-prota - himAlaya se nikalI gaMgA nadI, tArAoM se alaMkRta

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 53 dhruvatArA, pavitratA se DhakI huI zAstra kI zobhA-sadRza dikhanevAlI sundara sItA ne bhakti yoga se stutikara rAma ke sughoSa vINA bajAne para causaTha bhujAoM kA pradarzana kara bhakti bhAvapUrvaka nRtya kiyA tathA pulakita mana rAma ke sAtha munirAja kI AhAra caryA pUrI kI / ' bhaya se trasta vaMzasthala ko Ahata kara lauTe hue lakSmaNa ko dekhakara sItA bhaya se kA~patI huI kahatI haiM- vana meM praveza karane ke bAda bhI, vizAla latAmaNDapa meM baiThe hone para bhI sukha nahIM hai, lakSmaNa jahA~ bhI jAte haiM vahA~ kucha na kucha vinAza karate rahate haiN| 2 - karuNA se AplAvita rAvaNa kI bahana candranakhA ne rAma aura lakSmaNa para Asakta hokara unheM apanI ora AkarSita karane ke lie ronA zurU kiyA to sItA unake mAyA bhAva ko nahIM samajhatI huI karuNA se bolI- 'rAma ! dekho yaha kanyA kyoM rotI hai? samaya se chipA huA duHkha hI mAno ise udvelita kara rahA hai| ' ( Age yahI candranakhA sItAharaNa kA kAraNa banI / ) asahAya bhAva - lakSmaNa ke zakti se Ahata hone para tathA rAma ke duHkhI hone kI dazA kA samAcAra sunakara sItA dahAr3a mArakara rotI huI apane kaThora bhAgya ko kosane lagI'apane bhAI aura svajanoM se dUra, duHkhoM kI pAtra, saba prakAra kI zobhA se zUnya mujha jaisI duHkhoM kI bhAjana isa saMsAra meM koI bhI strI na 4 lokavizvAsa meM AsthA dAyIM A~kha phar3akane para loka vizvAsa meM AsthA rakhanevAlI sItA socatI hai- 'nahIM mAlUma kyA hogA ? eka bAra jaba dAyI A~kha phar3akI thI to ayodhyA se nirvAsana huA thA taba deza-deza bhaTakate asahya duHkha jhelate rhe| usake bAda yuddha se mukta hokara kisI taraha kuTumba se mila ske| isa samaya phira A~kha phar3aka rahI hai nahIM mAlUma kyA hogA ?'s - karma siddhAnta ke prati niSThA rAma ne jaba logoM ke kahane para sItA ko vana meM nirvAsita kiyA taba usa samaya meM bhI sItA apanA hI doSa dekhatI hai aura kahatI hai - 'mujha pApina ne pichale janma meM koI bhayaMkara pApa kiyA hai, zAyada maiMne kisI sArasa kI jor3I kA bichoha kiyA hogA! he varuNa, he pavana, . he Aga, he sumeru parvata ! tuma bhI to vahIM the, parantu tuma meM se eka ne bhI isakA virodha nahIM kiyA !" - satarkatA laMkA nagarI meM hanumAna se rAma kI vArtA jAnakara sItA prArambha meM to prasanna huI kintu bAda meM AzaMkita hokara socane lagI- 'yaha rAma kA hI dUta hai yA koI dUsarA hI AyA hai ! yahA~ to bahuta-se vidyAdhara haiM, maiM to sabhI meM sadbhAva dekha letI huuN| pahale candranakhA vivAha kA prastAva lekara AyI aura bAda meM kilakArI mArakara hamAre Upara hI daudd'ii| taba vidyAdhara ne siMhanAda kara merA apaharaNa kara mujhe rAma se alaga kara diyaa| lagatA hai yaha bhI kisI chala se merA mana kA thAha lenA cAhatA hai ! "

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 vAtsalya bhAva khagezvara jaTAyu apane pUrvabhava ke smaraNa se yaha jAnakara ki mujha pApI ne 500 muniyoM ko pIr3ita kiyA hai, pralApa karate hue azrudhAra chor3ane lgaa| tabhI mAtRtulya sItAdevI ne usa jaTAyu ko AzIrvacana dete hue kahA- 'he mere putra ! tuma zIghra bar3ho aura sukha dhAraNa karo / " 2. kaThora bhAvoM se yukta sItA 54 rAvaNa ke sammukha sItA dRr3hatA - sItA ko harakara le jAte hue rAvaNa samudra ke madhya sItA se yaha kahakara pagalI ! tuma mujhe kyoM nahIM cAhatI, mahAdevI ke paTTa kI icchA kyoM nahIM karatI ? AliMgana karanA cAhatA hai| taba apane zIla kI rakSA meM tatpara sItA yaha kahakara bhartsanA karatI hai- 'he rAvaNa tuma thor3e hI dinoM meM yuddha meM rAma ke tIroM se jIta lie jaaoge|' isa bhartsanArUpI astra ne hI rAvaNa ko svayaM ke dvArA gRhIta vrata kA smaraNa dilaayaa| usa vrata ko smaraNakara rAvaNa socatA hai- 'mujhe bhI apane vrata kA pAlana karanA cAhie, balapUrvaka dUsare kI strI ko grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhie / ' apanI dRr3hatA se hI sItA ne pati kI vArtA sunane taka laMkAnagarI meM praveza karane se manAkara nandana vana meM hI Thaharane ke lie rAvaNa jaise parAkramI zAsaka ko bhI rAjI kara liyA / " puna: rAvaNa sItA ke samakSa yAcaka banakara gir3agir3AtA hai- 'he devI! he sundarI ! maiM kisase hIna hU~, kyA maiM kurUpa hU~ yA artha-rahita hU~ ? kyA maiM sammAna, dAna aura raNa meM dIna hU~ ? batAo tuma kisa kAraNa se mujhe nahIM cAhatI ?' taba sItA usake yAcaka rUpa kA tiraskAra karate hue kahatI hai ki- 'he rAvaNa ! tuma haTa jAo, tuma mere pitA ke samAna ho ! parastrI ko grahaNa karane meM kauna-sI zuddhi hotI hai ? jaba taka tumhAre apayaza kA DaMkA nahIM bajatA aura laMkAnagarI nAza ko prApta nahIM hotI taba taka he narAdhipa, tuma rAghavacandra ke paira pakar3a lo| " dhArmika AsthA rAvaNa ne yaha socakara ki zAyada yaha bhaya ke vaza mujhe cAhane lage usako bhayabhIta karane ke lie bhayaMkara upasarga karane zurU kiye| usa bhayAnaka upasarga ko dekhane se utpanna hue raudra dhyAna ko cUra-cUra kara tathA apane mana ko dharma - dhyAna se ApUrita kara sItA ne pratijJA le lI ki jaba taka maiM gambhIra upasarga se mukta nahIM hotI taba taka mere cAra prakAra ke AhAra se nivRtti hai / isa taraha dharma kI tAkata se sItA ne bhayAnaka upasargoM ko bhI sahana kara liyA / " - alobha pravRtti - sItA ko vaza meM karane ke lie apanI Rddhi ke prabhAva se rAvaNa ne use puSpaka vimAna para car3hAkara bAz2Ara kI zobhA dikhAyI tathA cUr3A, kaNThA, karadhanI

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55 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 mahAdevI kA prasAdhana svIkAra karane ke lie khaa| taba sItA ne una sabhI RddhiyoM kA tiraskAra kara kahA- 'tuma apanI yaha Rddhi mujhe kyoM dikhAte ho ? yaha saba apane logoM ke madhya dikhaao| usa svarga se bhI kyA jahA~ cAritra kA khaNDana hai| mere lie toM zIla kA maNDana hI paryApta hai|' sItAdevI kI isa alobha pravRtti ne hI rAvaNa ko apanI nindA karane ko vivaza kara diyaa| vaha kahatA hai- 'maiM kisa karma ke dvArA kSubdha hU~ jo saba jAnatA huA bhI itanA mohita huuN| mujhe dhikkAra hai ki maiMne isakI abhilASA kI!' aura svayaM ko dhikkArate hue vaha sItA ko chor3akara vahA~ se calA gyaa| pati ke prati ekaniSThatA - eka dina punaH apane Apako candana se alaMkRta kara, amUlya vastra dhAraNakara tathA trijagabhUSaNa hAthI para baiThakara vaha rAvaNa sItA ke pAsa phuNcaa| vahA~ apane parAkrama kA bakhAna karatA huA rAma, lakSmaNa, sugrIva, nala, nIla va bhAmaNDala ko bhI mArane kI dhamakI dene lagA aura kahA ki 'tuma jo abhI taka bacI huI ho vaha mAtra mere saMkalpa ke kAraNa hI smjho|' taba rAvaNa ne apanI vidyA se rAma Adi ko marate hue dikhAkara tathA nAnA rUpoM kA pradarzana kara sItA ko bhayabhIta karanA prArambha kiyaa| taba pativrata kA pAlana karanevAlI sItA ne kahA- 'he dazamukha ! rAma ke marane ke bAda maiM eka kSaNa bhI jIvita nahIM raha sktii| jahA~ dIpaka hogA vahIM usakI zikhA hogI, jahA~ cA~da hogA vahIM cA~danI hogI aura jahA~ rAma hoMge sItA bhI vahIM hogii|' yaha kahate-kahate sItA mUchita ho gyii| sItA ke isa dRr3ha zIlavrata ne hI rAvaNa ko dUra haTane va apanI nindA karane ko vivaza kiyaa| vaha apanI nindA karate hue kahane lagA- 'dhikkAra hai mujhe, parastrI ko satAnevAle mujhase acche to jalacara, thalacara aura vana ke pazu haiN| tinakA honA acchA, patthara-lohapiNDa va sUkhA per3a honA acchA parantu nirguNa, vratahIna, dharatI kA bhArasvarUpa AdamI kA utpanna honA ThIka nhiiN|' isa taraha bAra-bAra apanI nindA kara usane kahA- 'kala maiM indra kI taraha yuddha meM rAma va lakSmaNa ko bandI banAU~gA aura unheM sItAdevI ko saupa dUMgA jisase maiM duniyA kI nigAha meM zuddha ho skuuN|'13 isa taraha sItA ne rAvaNa dvArA kiye gaye sabhI upasargoM ko kaThoratA se apane viveka ke bala para sahana kara apane zIlarUpa Atma-saundarya kI rakSA kI tathA rAvaNa ko bhI dharma ke mArga para sthita kiyaa| mandodarI ke sammukha sItA nirbhayatA se anIti kA virodha - rAvaNa ne apanI patnI mandodarI ko sItA ke lie apanA dUta-karma karane ke lie bAdhya kiyA, taba mandodarI sItA ke pAsa gyii| vahA~ jAkara

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 mandodarI ne rAvaNa ke vaibhava kA taraha-taraha se bakhAna karane ke bAda kahA - 'tuma laMkezvara dazAnana kI mahAdevI bana jaao|' 56 isa para kruddha hokara sItA atyanta niSThura vacana meM kahA- 'uttama striyoM ke lie yaha upayukta nahIM hai, tumhAre dvArA rAvaNa kA yaha dUtatva kaise kiyA jA rahA hai ? zAyada tuma svayaM kisI para-puruSa meM icchA rakhatI ho, usI kAraNa mujhe yaha durbuddhi de rahI ho !' sItA ke ina vacanoM se mandodarI bhI kA~pa gyii| 14 zIla ke prati dRr3hatA - punaH mandodarI ne sItAdevI se kahA 'yadi tuma laMkAnareza ko kisI bhI taraha nahIM cAhogI to Akrandana karatI huI tuma karapatroM se tila-tila kATI jAogI aura eka muhUrta meM nizAcaroM ko sauMpa dI jaaogii|' isa para bhI sItA bhayabhIta nahIM huI aura bolI- 'cAhe Aja karapatroM se kATo, cAhe zRgAla aura zvAnoM ko sauMpa do, jalatI huI Aga meM DAla do to bhI duSTa pApakarmA para-puruSa se isa janma meM merI nivRtti hai / 15 - sadguNapriyatA - anta meM mandodarI ne sItA kI saikar3oM cApalUsiyA~ karate hue kahA'he sIte, maiM tumase abhyarthanA karatI hU~ ki tuma rAvaNa ko cAho aura mahAdevI paTTa svIkAra kro|' tabhI unakI abhyarthanA kA Adara kara kuzAgra buddhi, guNAnurAgI sItA ne kahA- 'maiM sacamuca rAvaNa ko cAhU~gI yadi vaha jina-dharma ke anurUpa AcaraNa kare tathA apane zIla kI rakSA kara mujhe rAma ko sauMpa de| yadi vaha aisA nahIM karatA to vaha mujhe samudra meM phaiMka de|"" hanumAna ke sammukha sItA nIti-nipuNa - laMkA nagarI meM hanumAna ne jaba sItAdevI se apane kandhe para car3hakara rAghava ke pAsa calane ke lie kahA taba loka kI sUkSma adRzya vRtti se paricita nIti-nipuNa sItA kahatI hai- 'kulavadhU ke lie apane kulaghara bhI jAnA ho to pati ke binA ThIka nhiiN| janapada ke loga nindAzIla hote haiM, unakA svabhAva duSTa aura malina hotA hai / jahA~ jo bAta ayukta hotI hai ve vahIM AzaMkA karane lagate haiN| unake mana kA raMjana indra bhI nahIM kara sakatA / ataH maiM zrIrAma ke sAtha hI apane janapada jaauuNgii|' isa taraha nIti-nipuNa sItAdevI lokanindA se apane Atma-saundaryarUpa zIla ko bahuta sAvadhAnI se bacAkara surakSita rkhaa| 17 vibhISaNa ke sammukha sItA zIla-samAdara rAvaNa kI mRtyu ke pazcAt tathA mandodarI ke dIkSA grahaNa karane ke bAda sUryodaya hone para vibhISaNa nandana vana meM sItAdevI ke lie AbhUSaNa va vastra lekara gaye to sItAdevI ne kahA- 'yaha saba mere lie kacare kA Dhera hai, cAhe mana meM unmAda hI kyoM na ho . phira bhI pati se milate samaya kulavadhU kA ekamAtra prasAdhana zIla hI hotA hai| '18 vibhISaNa ne pUchA 'Apa hanumAna ke sAtha kyoM nahIM gayI ?' -

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 57 isa para sItA ne kahA 'binA pati ke jAnevAlI kulapatnI para bhI loga kalaMka lagA dete haiN| puruSoM ke citta jahara se bhare hote haiN| kalaMkarahita hone para bhI kalaMka dikhAne lagate haiN| ' " rAma ke sammukha sItA svAbhimAna - zIla kI rakSA meM sadaiva sAvadhAna va jAgarUka rahanevAlI sItA ke isa mahAna zIla kA unake pati rAma bhI sammAna karane ke sthAna para jaba yaha kahakara apamAna karate haiN| ki 'strI cAhe kitanI hI kulIna aura anindya ho vaha bahuta nirlajja hotI hai| apane kula meM dAg2a lagAne se tathA isa bAta se bhI ki tribhuvana meM unake apayaza kA DaMkA baja sakatA hai vaha nahIM jhijhakatI / dhikkAranevAle pati ke sAmane aMga sameTakara Akara vaha kaise mukha dikhAtI hai !' - taba puruSa kI kaluSita vRtti se apane zIla kI rakSA meM tatpara sItA kA mauna ekAeka Akroza meM badala gayA / vaha bolI- 'tumane yaha saba kyA bolanA prArambha kiyA hai ? maiM Aja bhI satItva kI patAkA U~cI kiye hue hU~ isaliye tumhAre dekhate hue maiM bhI vizrabdha hU~ / nara aura nArI meM yahI antara hai ! nArI usa latA aura nadI ke sadRza hai jo marate dama taka bhI per3a kA sAtha nahIM chor3atI tathA samudra ko bhI apanA saba kucha samarpita kara detI hai| isake viparIta nara samudra ke samAna hai jo pavitra aura kulIna nadI ko jo reta, lakar3I aura pAnI bahAtI huI samudra ke pAsa jAtI hai para vaha (samudra) use bhI khArA pAnI dene se nahIM aghAtA!' aura yaha kahakara zIghra hI sItA agni parIkSA ke lie lakar3I ke Dhera para jAkara baiTha gyii| 20 Asakti-tyAga agni parIkSA meM sItA ke kharI utarane para rAma ne unase kahA'akAraNa duSTa cug2ala - khoroM ke kahane meM Akara mere dvArA kI gayI avamAnanA se tumheM jo itanA duHkha sahanA par3A isake lie mujhe ekabAra kSamA kara do tathA merA kahA apane mana meM rkho| ' 21 aba to sItA kA zIla Atma-svAtantrya kI prApti kI ora unmukha ho cukA thA / unhoMne kahA 'he rAma ! Apa vyartha meM viSAda na kareM, maiM viSaya-bhogoM se Uba cukI huuN|' yaha kahate hue sItA ne sira ke keza ukhAr3akara rAma ke samakSa DAla diye| yaha dekha rAma mUcchita ho gaye / sItA ne sarvabhUSaNa muni ke pAsa jAkara dIkSA dhAraNa karalI / mUrcchA dUra hone para rAma ne sItA ke pAsa jAkara unakA abhinandana kiyA aura svayaM kI nindA kI 'dhikkAra hai mujhe, jo logoM ke kahane se burA bartAva kara akAraNa priya patnI ko vana meM nirvAsita kiyA !' - - isa taraha sampUrNa aizvarya ko ThukarAdenevAlI, atyanta sattva se vibhUSita sItA tapa meM lIna ho gyii| 62 varSa taka ghora tapakara 33 dina kI samAdhi ke bAda usane svarga meM pratIndra kA pada paayaa| tatpazcAt rAma bhI suvrata muni se dIkSA grahaNakara, aneka vratoM ko dhAraNakara tathA ghora tapazcaraNa kara koTi zilA para car3hakara dhyAna meM lIna ho gye| 22 taba sItA kA jIva jo pratIndra huA thA vaha, rAma kahA~ para haiM - avadhijJAna se yaha jAnakara unake pAsa AyA / koTizilA para dhyAna meM lIna rAma ke pAsa Akara usa pratIndra ne

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58 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 unheM dhyAna se DigAnA caahaa| para rAghava muni dhyAna se nahIM ddige| taba pratIndra ne apane dvArA kiye gaye isa avinaya ke lie kSamA mA~gate hue jarA aura maraNa kA chedana karanevAle upadeza dene kI prArthanA kii| taba mahAmuni rAma ne kahA- 'he indra ! tuma rAga ko chodd'o| jina bhagavAn ne jisa mokSa kA pratipAdana kiyA hai vaha virakta ko hI hotA hai| sarAgI vyakti kA karma-bandha aura bhI pakkA hotA hai|' isa upadeza ko sunakara pavitra mana ho sItendra ne munIndra rAma kI vandanA kii| phira vahA~ se jAkara naraka meM par3e hue lakSmaNa, zambUka va rAvaNa ko bhI bodhita kara samyagdarzana svIkAra krvaayaa| isa taraha tana va mana donoM kI sundaratA se suzobhita sItA ke utkRSTa caritra ko apabhraMza bhASA ke mahAkavi svayaMbhU ne apane 'paumacariu' ke mAdhyama se bahuta hI sarala evaM rocaka rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| Aja ke isa viSama bhautika yuga meM sItA kA jIvana-caritra sabhI puruSoM va mahilAoM ko zreSTha jIvana jIne kI uttama rAha dikhAtA hai| 1. 'paumacariu', mahAkavi svayaMbhU, 32.8, sampAdaka - DaoN. esa.sI.bhAyANI, anuvAdaka - DaoN devendrakumAra jaina, prakAzaka - bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI, 1970 vahI, 34.12 vahI, 36.5 vahI, 36.11 vahI, 67.7 vahI, 81.3 vahI, 81.12,13 vahI, 50.3 vahI, 35.2 vahI, 38.18,19 vahI, 41.14,15 vahI, 41.16 vahI, 42.6,7,8 11. 12.

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. vahI, 73.6-13 vahI, 41.10-12 vahI, 41.12,13 vahI, 49.13, 14 vahI, 50.12 vahI, 78.5 vahI, 78.6 vahI, 83.8, 9 vahI, 83.16 vahI, 85.12, 89.13 vahI, 89.12, 13 vahI, 89.12 59 14/55, ziprA patha mAnasarovara, jayapura

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 jA jaNaha~ sucittaharA kaMcaNa-maya sAla sirI-variyA jala-pUriya prihaa'lNkriyaaH|:: goura-paDikhaliyA-yAsa-yarA: - surahara-dhaya-rudhiyaNe syraa| jahihaM purau mueviNu pANahao jahiM dekkhivi loyahaM bhUri dhaNu vo mayara-surAha~ vihitt-mnnu| Niya-hiyaMyaMtare pavahaMta-hiri NikSati kuvera vi appsiri|| jA suhayari jaNaha~ sucittaharA caMdaNavallI bhuvvNghraa| . givvaNa-purI va mahA-viulA vivuhAlaMkiya hrisiy-viulaa| tahiM vajjaseNu NAmeNa Nio huvau vajjapANi-sama bhUri su| vajjaMgu savaMdhava sokkhayaro suMdaru vjjaalNkriy-kro| ghattA - siri urayale jaM muha-sayadale sua devI dekkhevinnu| kuviyaMgaya, jiyasasiyaravaya, NAvai kitti vi levinnu||vddmaanncriu 7.10 / / - jo nagarI ke zrI-sampanna kaMcanamaya parakoToM evaM jalapUrita parikhA se alaMkRta hai| jahA~ ke gopuroM se nabhacara bhI pratiskhalita ho jAte haiM; devagRhoM ke samAna (jahA~ ke) gRhoM kI chajjAe~ nizicaroM ke lie bAdhaka bana jAtI haiN| jahA~ (ke nivAsI usa) purI ko chor3ane se prANahata jaise ho jAte haiN| jahA~ ke logoM ke dhana kI pracuratA dekhakara kubera bhI apane mana meM lajjita hokara apanI zrI kI nindA kiyA karate haiM, jo nagarI mukhakarI hai, janoM ke citta ko harane vAlI hai| bhujaMga ko dhAraNa karanevAlI candanalatA ke samAna hai, mahAvipula gIrvANapurI svarga ke samAna hai, vibudhoM se alaMkRta hai, tathA jo vikalajanoM ko harSita karanevAlI hai, usI ujjayinI nagarI meM vajrasena nAmaka eka rAjA (rAjya karatA) thA jo vajrapANi- indra ke samAna aneka vibhUtiyoM vAlA thaa| vaha vajrazarIrI apane samasta bandhuoM ko sudhArane vAlA sundara evaM vajra-cihna se alaMkRta hAthoM vAlA thaa| ghattA - jisake urastala meM lakSmI aura mukha meM zatadala kamala-mukhI zrutadevIrUpa sauta ko dekhakara hI mAno usa (rAjA vajrasena) kI, candramA kI dhavalimA ko bhI jIta lenevAlI kIrti rUpI mahilA kupita hokara (dazoM dizAoM meM) aisI bhAgI ki phira lauTI hI nhiiN| anu. - DaoN. rAjArAma jaina

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 akTUbara 2001-2002 61 karakaMDacariu meM saundarya - vidhAna DaoN. trilokInAtha 'premI' - apabhraMza ke jaina kavi yoM to vItarAgI saMnyAsI the; phira bhI, apanI kAvya-kRtiyoM ke saundarya - vidhAna meM unakI kArayitrI - pratibhA ne kahIM koI kasara nahIM chor3I hai| vastu - saundarya, bhAva - saundarya, alaMkAra - saundarya, rUpa-saundarya, prakRti-saundarya, anubhUti - saundarya tathA lokasAMskRtika saundarya Adi sabhI ke saMghaTana meM unakI navanavonmeSazAlinI kalA aura kalpanA kA sahaja paricaya milatA hai| sacamuca, unakA saundarya-bodha anUThA hai| isake lie unheM jahA~ jo upAdAna milA usI kA ucita sthAna para prayoga karake kathA-kAvyoM ko advitIya banA diyA hai| kAvya saundarya kI sAdhanA hI to hai| saundaryAnubhUti kA Ananda se anivArya sambandha hai / saundarya-sRjana aura saundarya - bhAvana meM sRSTA aura sahRdaya kI svAda - ruci kA sApekSika mahattva hai| nidAna saMnyAsI hone para bhI ye saundarya ke prati udAsIna kaise raha sakate the ? aura, saca bAta to yaha hai ki vikArahIna hRdaya ko hI saundaryAnubhUti athavA kAvya kI rasAnubhUti hotI hai| inase to mAnavIya antaHkaraNa prAMjala aura pariSkRta hotA hai| tabhI to sahRdaya meM sat kA prAdurbhAva hone se vaha kAvya-rasa kA AsvAdana karatA hai| jIvana meM kaThora saMyama ke kAraNa ye kavi - muni aura AcArya, avazya svayaM ko jala meM kamala - patravat hI banAye rakhate hoMge tathA saundarya evaM kAvya-rasa se abhibhUta hokara Anandita rahate hoMge / isa dRSTi se inakA kAvyasRjana jahA~ inakI saundarya - cetanA se achUtA nahIM rahA hai, vahA~ apane parA-Adarza aura uddezya ko bhI pAne meM samartha huA hai| dhArmika upalabdhi hI inakA pradhAna prayojana hai / isalie kathA

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62 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 loka-jIvana meM vistAra pAkara anta meM jaina-muni ke dIkSA-saMskAra meM pariNata ho jAtI hai| aura kavi ko saundarya-vidhAna kA pUrA-pUrA avasara mila jAtA hai, jisase usameM rasAtmakatA kA udreka hotA hai| yaha saundarya do prakAra kA hotA hai - vastuniSTha (objective) yA viSayagata aura AtmaniSTha (subjective) yA viSayigata / pazcima ke esa. elekjeNDara ne ise pUrNataH vastuniSTha kahA hai| jabaki bhAratIya manISA ise AtmaniSTha adhika svIkAra karatI hai| mUlataH saundarya pariveza aura paristhiti-sApekSa hai- "samai samai sundara sabai rUpa kurUpa na koy"| kabhI yaha draSTA kI dRSTi meM hotA hai aura vaha kurUpatama vastu ko bhI sundaratama rUpa pradAna karatA hai aura kabhI vastu meM hI itanA saundarya hotA hai ki draSTA ko bhI abhibhUta mUlyAMkana hetu vivaza kara detI hai| vastuniSTha-saundarya pratyakSa-bodha se hotA hai aura pratyakSa ke lie antaHkaraNa aura indriya donoM kA vastu ke sAtha sannikarSa yA saMyoga honA caahie| kyoMki saundarya-bodha kA sambandha aMzataH aindriya-pratyakSa se avazya hai aura saundarya-grahaNa meM anta:karaNa kA yoga apekSita hai| AtmaniSTha saundarya ko bhAvAtmaka saundarya bhI kaha sakate haiN| yaha hamAre bhAvAtmaka saMvega (positive emotion) para nirbhara karatA hai| isameM uddIpana ke prati svIkRti kA bhAva hotA hai arthAt AkarSaNa rahatA hai| kintu, yaha sabhI meM samAna ho, Avazyaka nhiiN| kisI meM abhAvAtmaka-saMvega bhI jAga sakatA hai, jisameM uddIpana ke prati asvIkRti kA bhAva arthAt vikarSaNa rahatA hai| isalie vastu ke pratyakSIkaraNa para jisa saundarya kI anubhUti hotI hai usase jo Ananda kI prApti hotI hai vaha prathama prakAra kA Ananda hai tathA vastu ke samakSa na rahane para samApta ho sakatA hai| kintu, dUsare prakAra kA Ananda bhI hotA hai jisakI anubhUti kalpanA ke mAdhyama se usa vastu ke samakSa na hone para hotI hai| yaha prathama kI apekSA sthAyI hotA hai aura kabhI duHkha kA kAraNa nahIM hotaa| kAraNa, yahA~ vastu kA pratyakSIkaraNa hI nahIM hotaa| yahI kAlpanika yA bhAvAtmaka Ananda hai| __kalpanA kavi kI sRjana-zakti hai| kalpanA ke viniyoga se navAnveSaNa kA avataraNa hotA hai| kalpanA meM adRzya ko dRzya banAne kI adbhuta sAmarthya hotI hai| bhAvanA ke kSetra meM jo kalpanA hai, cintana ke dharAtala para vahI maulikatA hai| tabhI to kalpanAzIla vyakti meM maulika cintana bhI hotA hai| jisa yuga meM kalpanA aura buddhi kA samanvaya rahatA hai usI meM mahAn kalAkAra paidA karane kI kSamatA rahatI hai| 'kalpanA vaha jAdUbharI zakti hai jo virodhI ativAdoM (extremism) ke bIca santulana upasthita karatI hai aura prAcIna tathA paricita vastuoM meM bhI asAdhAraNa bhAva-bodha ke kAraNa navInatA kA AdhAna karatI hai|'' racanAtmaka kalpanA saundarya-zAstra kI mUlabhUta hai| isI ko saMskRta AcAryoM ne 'navanavonmeSazAlinI pratibhA' kahA hai| isa dRSTi se apabhraMza ke jaina-muniyoM dvArA racita ye cariu-kAvya kAvyAtmaka-saundarya meM prabhUta samRddha evaM urvara kalpanA-sRSTi ke paricAyaka haiN|

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63 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 muni kanakAmara kA karakaMDacariu apane saundarya-vidhAna meM anUThA hai| isakI kathA kI banAvaTa aura bunAvaTa loka-bhUmi para aneka dhArmika evaM laukika kathA-rUr3hiyoM ke sahAre hotI hai jisase usameM loka-jIvana kI madhuratA aura saundarya kA bhAva prakhara hotA calA hai| prabandha ke prArambha meM hI kavi apanI laghutA kA vinamratApUrvaka paricaya karAtA hai - vAyaraNu Na jANami jai vi chNdu| suajalahi tarevvai~ jai vi mNdu|| jai kaha va Na parasai lliyvaanni| jai buhayaNaloyaho taNiya kaanni|| jai kaviyaNeseva hu mai~ Na kiiy| jai jaDayaNasaMgai~ maliNa kiiy||' - maiM na vyAkaraNa jAnatA hU~ aura na chandazAstra; evaM zAstrarUpI samudra ke pAra pahu~cane meM manda huuN| merI vANI meM lAlitya kA prasAra kisI prakAra bhI hotA nahIM aura buddhimAna logoM ke sammukha mujhe lajjA utpanna hotI hai| maiMne kabhI kavijanoM kI sevA bhI nahIM kI pratyuta jar3a logoM kI saMgati se marI kIrti malina huI hai| yaha vinaya-bhAva apabhraMza ke sabhI jaina kaviyoM meM darzanIya hai tathA hindI ke paravartI kavi bhI isa ora AkRSTa hue haiN| campAnagarI kA varNana karatA huA vaha kahatA hai - uttuMgadhavalaka usIsaehiM / NaM saggu chivai bAhUsaehiM / / koseyapaDAyau ghari lulNti| NaM seyasappa Nahi slvlNti|| jA pNcvnnnnmnnikirnnditt| kusumaMjali NaM mayaNeNa pitta / 1.4 // - vaha apane U~ce prAsAda-zikharoM se aisI pratIta hotI hai mAno apanI saikar3oM bAhuoM dvArA svarga ko chU rahI ho| ghara-ghara rezama kI patAkAe~ ur3a rahI haiM, mAno AkAza meM zveta sarpa salabalA rahe hoN| vaha pacaraMge maNiyoM kI kiraNoM se dedIpyamAna ho rahI hai, mAno madana ne apanI kusumAMjali car3hAI ho| . yahA~ utprekSA alaMkAra ke mAdhyama se cAkSuSa-bimba sAkAra ho gayA hai| isI prakAra dhAr3IvAhana-nareza kusumapura meM mAlI kI kanyA ko dekhakara mugdha hotA hai to barabasa usake mukha se nikala par3atA hai ki mAno kAmarUpI vRkSa kI eka phalI huI DAla hI ho- 'NaM kaamviddvipriphliyddaal'| isameM mAno sarvAMga saundarya kI parikalpanA sAkAra ho gaI hai| yaha saundarya ke sUkSma paryavekSaNa aura citraNa kI hI kalAtmakatA hai| rAnI ke nakha-zikha-saundarya meM to kavi ne apanI maulikatA kA sahaja paricaya diyA hai| kahIM vizeSokti ke sahAre cAra cA~da lagAye haiM to kahIM hetUtprekSA ke dvArA bimba ko saTIka banA diyA hai| yadyapi upamAna purAtana hI haiM, parantu unakA prayoga ekadama nutn| isI se rUpaAkalana meM eka AkarSaNa A gayA hai - 'nakhoM ke rUpa meM mAno sUrya-candra isakA anusaraNa karate haiN| kadalI isakI jaMghAoM kA anusaraNa karane lagI hai| suragiri ne apane se bhI kaThina mAnakara isa lalita-deha ramaNI ke nitamboM kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| usake pIna aura unnata stana

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64 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 to aise haiM jaise hAthI ke kumbha hI hoN| dantAvali mAno anAra ke dAnoM kA anusaraNa kara rahI ho| nAsikA kI unnati ko sahana na karake hI usake adhara ne krodha kI lAlimA dhAraNa kI hai| usake zveta aura kRSNa nayana-tAre aise zobhA dete haiM mAno ketakI patra para do bar3e-bar3e bhaure A baiThe hoN| kuTila bhauMheM aisI lagatI haiM mAno madana ne apanI dhanuryaSTi dhAraNa kI. ho| bhauMroM ke. samAna kAle keza sira para lahalahAte aise pratIta hote haiM mAno usake mukha-candra ke bhaya se andhakAra vahA~ hilakara kA~pa rahA ho' - .......... / NaharUvai~ ravi sasi sariya nnaaiN|| sArau sarIru icchNtiyaae| iha sAriu jaMghau kayaliyAe / karirAe~ maNNevi karu Na cNgu| NaM seviu meruhi Ahi tuNgu|| suragiriNA gaNiyau kaDhiNa eh| aNusariya NiyaMvaho laliyadeha // tahi lihiyaI piinnunnnnythnnaaiN| NaM kuMbhihi kuMbhai~ nnvvnnaaiN|| daMtAvali sohai vipphuraMti / NaM dADimavIyaha~ aNuharaMti / / NAsahe uNNai asahaMtaeNa / rattattaNu dhariyau aharaeNa / / siyakasaNa nayaNa sohaMti tAra / NaM keyayadali gaya bhamara tAra // aikuDilI bhauhAvali vihaai| dhaNulaTThi va mayaNeM dhariya nnaaiN|| sohA mahagghu bhAlayalu bhaai| addhiMdu va laggau sahai nnaaii|| aliNIlakesa siraruha ghulaMti / muhaiMdubhayai~ NaM tama milaMti / / 1.16 / / antima arddhAlI ke uttarAMza meM 'muhaiMdubhayai~ NaM taya milaMti' ke dvArA to saundarya kA gatyAtmaka rUpa jaise citrita ho gayA hai| zmazAna kA vIbhatsa-citra isI sandhi ke 17 veM kar3avaka meM pUrNataH rUpAyita ho gayA hai (1.17.4-10) / tIsarI sandhi meM yuddha kA yathArtha bimba bar3A AkarSaka tathA gatyAtmaka-saundarya se puSTa hai kuMtAi~ bhjjNti| kuMjarai~ gjjNti|| rahaseNa vgNti| karidasaNe laggaMti // gattAi~ tuttuNti| muMDAi~ phuTuMti // ruMDAi~ dhaavNti| arithANu pAvaMti // atAMi~ guppaMti / ruhireNa thippNti|| haDDAi~ moddNti| gIvAi~ toDaMti // 3.15 / / . - bhAle bhagna ho rahe haiM, kuJjara garaja rahe haiM, yoddhA vega se bar3ha rahe haiM, hAthI ke dA~toM

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 65 se laga (bhir3a) rahe haiN| gAtra TUTa rahe haiM, muMDa phUTa rahe haiN| ruNDa daur3a rahe haiM aura zatru sthAnako pA rahe haiN| A~teM nikala rahI haiM, rudhira se sana rahI haiN| haDDiyA~ mur3a rahI haiM, grIvAe~ TUTa rahI haiM / karakaMDa aura madanAvalI ke vivAha ke samaya to lokAcAra, vivAha kI rItiyA~ tathA loka-saMskRti hI jyoM-kI-tyoM citrita ho gaI hai; loka-jIvana kA yaha madhura saMsparza bar3A mohaka tathA bhavya bana par3A kiya haTTasoha ghari toraNAi~ / saMbaddhai~ taho karakaMkaNAi~ // NANAviha vajjai~ vAiyAi~ / gIyAi~ rasAlai~ gAiyAi~ | bhAvaDDhai~ Naccai~ NacciyAi~ / gayaturayaha~ thaTTai~ khaMciyAi~ // ugghADiu muhavaDu vihiM jaNAha~ / NaM mohapaDalu taggayamaNAha~ // ghayajali ajalaNabhAmariu satta / devAviya bhaTTahiM paDhivi maMta // karu bAlahe appiu NavavareNa / kiya savahaNAi~ dAhiNakareNa // 13.8 // yahA~ ghara-dvAra kI sajAvaTa, toraNa laganA, hAthoM meM ka~gana bA~dhanA, bAje bajAnA aura gAnA tathA nRtya karanA, mIThI gAriyA~ gAnA, vara-vadhU kA mukhar3A ughAr3anA, agni ko sAkSI karake maMtrocAraNa ke sAtha bhA~vareM denA, vara-kanyA kA zapatha lenA Adi sabhI lokAcAroM evaM rItiyoM kA nirUpaNa huA / usI samaya mAtA padmAvatI kA Akara AzIrvAda denA to jaise sabhI kucha bhAratIya raMga meM raMjita ho gayA hai| - ciru jIvahi NaMdaNa puhaiNAha, kAliMdI surasari jAva vAha 13.9.4 / arthAt he nandana ! he pRthvInAtha ! ciraMjIvI ho, jaba taka jamunA- gaMgA kI dhArA baha rahI hai| isI prakAra campAdhipa aura karakaMDa kA jaba bhISaNa yuddha hotA hai taba samarAMgaNa meM hI padmAvatI A pahu~catI hai tathA putra karakaMDa ko rokatI huI kahatI hai ki ye tere pitA haiM aura phira vaha apanA pUrva itihAsa doharAtI hai / campAnareza ko vismaya aura vizvAsa sAtha-sAtha hote haiN| usI kSaNa vaha padmAvatI kI ora dRSTi uThAkara dekhatA hai, yaha bhAva - citra bar3A adbhuta hai, eka hI sAtha rati-bhAva apane utsAha, AkarSaNa, pavitratA, AturI Adi saMcAriyoM ke sAtha jaise umar3a par3atA hai - - sA diTThiya caMpaNaresareNa, gaMgANara NaM rayaNAyareNa / 3.20.7 / arthAt use campAnareza ne aise dekhA jaise ratnAkara gaMgAnadI ko dekhe / yahA~ 'ratnAkara' tathA 'gaMgA' ke upamAnoM kA prayoga bar3A sArthaka evaM bhAvapUrita hai| yaha sacamuca jaina muni ke kavi hone kA hI camatkAra hai| kSaNabhara bAda hI dhAr3IvAhana saMgrAma meM jAkara putra kA AliMgana karatA hai jaise dAmodara ne pradyumnakumAra kA AliMgana kiyA / jaha saMga jAivi teyaNihi pajjuNNu kumaru dAmoyariNa 13.21.10 /

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66 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 yuddha ke uparAnta pitA-putra kA yaha milana bhI atyanta snehila tathA bhAva-zabala hai| * aise bhAva-pravaNa bimboM kI udbhAvanA kavi ne aneka sthAnoM para kI hai, parantu kahIM aiMdrikatA kA saMsparza nahIM ho pAyA hai| bhAva kI pavitratA aura prAMjalatA yahA~ barabasa mana ko moha letI hai| samudra meM yuddha ke samaya jaba matsya karakaMDa kA apaharaNa kara letA hai, taba rativegA vilApa karane lagatI hai - hA vairiya vaivasa pAvamalImasa kiM kiyau / mai~ Asi varAyau ramaNu parAyau kiM hiyu|| hA daiva parammuhu duNNaya dummuhu tuhu~ huyu| hA sAmi salakkhaNa suTTha viyakkhaNa kahi~ gyu|| maho uvari bhaDArA NaravarasArA karuNa kri| duhajalahi~ paDatI palayaho jaMtI NAha dhari // hau~ NAri varAiya Avai~ Aiya ko sruN| parichaMDiya tumhahi~ jIvami evahi~ ki mruN||7.11.9-16 / / - he nAtha, duHkha sAgara meM par3I huI maiM eka dIna nArI huuN| isa Apatti ke samaya maiM kisakA smaraNa karU~ ? viraha-vihvala nArI ke ye zabda bhalA kise Ahata nahIM kareMge ? virahanirUpaNa kI yahI sArthakatA hai ki sahRdaya dravIbhUta ho jAya aura virahiNI ke prati sahAnubhUti se bhara jaay| parantu, viraha ke pazcAt jaba vidyAdhara-kanyA kanakaprabhA karakaMDa ko rativegA ke pAsa le jAtI hai, taba usakI tana-mana kI dazA kA manovaijJAnika citra bhAvAnubhUti ke saundarya se jaise damaka uThatA hai| khuzI se usakI A~khoM meM A~sU chalaka Ate haiN| vaha kRzAMgI aisI camaka uThI jaise kRSNavarNa sajala megha bijalI se camaka uThatA hai athavA mayUrI sajala megha ko dekhakara nAca uThatI haiM - raiveyai~ diTThau NiyaramaNu tahiM harisai~ baDiu aNsujlu| tA vijju camakkiya kasaNataNu sihikaMtae~ NaM jalaharu sajalu // 8.17.10 / / loka-jIvana meM dampatI ke madhya kA yaha bhAva-saujanya sacamuca darzanIya hai| jaina muni kavi kI yaha lokAnubhUti usake loka-jIvana ke sUkSma paryavekSaNa kI paricAyaka hai| sacamuca, loka aura loka-jIvana-saMskRti kI jitanI saTIka anubhUti jisa kavi ko hotI hai usakI kavitA utanI hI bhAva-prabala aura bhAva-saundarya se abhimaNDita hotI hai| yahA~ 'sihikaMtae~ NaM jalaharu sajalu' kahakara 'khuzI se nAca uThanA' muhAvare ko jaise sArthaka kara diyA hai| anubhUti kA yaha saundarya hRdaya ko chU jAtA hai| jaba campA ke upavana meM zIlagupta muni kA Agamana hotA hai yaha sunakara karakaMDa to

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67 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 prasannatA se sAta paga Age bar3hA hI; bherI kA nAda sunakara mahilAe~ kisa utsAha se cala par3I unakI bhAva-dazA kA yaha saundarya, ardha-rAtri meM zrIkRSNa kI bA~surI sunakara daur3a par3anevAlI gopAMganAoM se tulanIya hai| bhAva-zabalatA kA yaha saundarya vilakSaNa hai| eka- sAtha aneka anukUla bhAvoM ke udreka se khoI-khoI mana:dazA kA yaha citra atyanta saTIka aura mohaka hai ka vi mANiNa calliya laliyadeha / muNicaraNasaroyaha~ baddhaNeha / / ka vi NeurasaveM rnnjhnnNti| saMcalliya muNiguNa NaM thugNti|| ka vi ramaNu Na jaMtau prignnei| muNidaMsaNu hiyavae~ sai~ munnei|| ka vi akkhayadhUva bharevi thaalu| airahasai~ calliya levi baalu|| ka vi parimalu bahalu vahati jaai| vijjAhari NaM mahiyali vihAya // 9.2.3-7 / / arthAt koI lalitadeha mAninI muni ke caraNa-kamaloM meM sneha bA~dhakara cala pdd'ii| koI nupUra ke zabdoM se jhuni-jhuni dhvani karatI huI calI, mAno muni ke guNoM kA stavana kara rahI ho| koI apane sAtha calate hue ramaNa kI ora dhyAna na dekara svayaM hRdaya se muni ke darzana kI abhilASA kara rahI thii| koI akSata va dhUpa se thAla bharakara, bAlakoM ko le bar3e vega se cala pdd'ii| koI khUba sugandha ur3AtI huI jA rahI thI, mAno vidyAdharI mahItala para zobhita ho rahI ho| koI pUrNacandramukhI hAtha meM kamala lekara cala pdd'ii| isa prakAra eka bhavya sAmUhika dRzya kA bimba cAkSuSa pratyakSa ho gayA hai| isI prakAra tIsarI saMdhi meM karakaMDa ko dekhane ke lie mahilAoM kI mAnasika dazA tathA kAyika anubhAvoM kA bar3A manohArI citraNa kiyA hai- 'koI ramaNI utkaNThita hokara vega se cala par3I, koI vihvala hokara dvAra para hI khar3I raha gii| koI nae rAjA ke sneha se lubdha hokara daur3a pdd'ii| usa mugdhA ko apane galita hae paridhAna kI bhI sudha na rhii| koI apane adhara para khUba kAjala dene lagI aura netroM meM lAkSArasa karane lgii| koI nirgrantha vRtti kA anusaraNa karane lagI, to koI apane bAlaka ko viparIta kaTi para le rahI thii| koI bAlA nupUra ko karatala meM pahana rahI thI aura mAlA ko sira chor3akara kaTitala para dhAraNa kara rahI thii| koI anurAga meM itanI DUba gaI ki mArjAra (billI) ko apanA putra samajhakara use chor3atI hI nahIM thii| koI vihvala huI bhUmi para calatI-calatI mUrchita ho rahI thI' - ka vi rahasai~ taraliya caliya nnaari| vihaDaphphaDa saMThiya kA vi vaari|| ka vi dhAvai nnvnnivnnehluddh| parihANu Na galiyau gaNai muddha // ka vi kajjalu bahalau ahare dei| NayaNullae~ lakkhArasu karei // NiggaMthavitti ka vi annusrei| vivarIu DiMbhu ka vi kaDihi~ lei|| ka vi Neuru karayali karai baal| siru chaMDivi kaDiyale dharai maal|| NiyaNaMdaNu maNNivi ka vi vraay| majjAru Na mellai saannuraay|| ka vi dhAvai NavaNiu maNe dharaMti / vihalaMghala mohai dhara saraMti // 3.2.2-8 / /

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 sacamuca, cAkSuSa-bimboM kI yojanA meM kavi kanakAmara atIva kuzala aura siddhahasta haiN| jisa kavi meM bimba - vidhAyinI kSamatA jitanI adhika hotI hai vaha utanA hI saphala evaM zreSTha kavi hotA hai| 68 alaMkAra - saundarya meM utprekSA kA upayoga aura prayoga yahA~ aneka sthaloM para kiyA gayA hai tathA vividha bimboM kI udbhAvanA kI hai / lagatA hai jaise utprekSA kavi kA atyanta priya alaMkAra hai / kintu jisa mAnavIkaraNa alaMkAra ko Adhunika- hindI ke chAyAvAda kI dena kahA jAtA hai usakA kalAtmaka prayoga yahA~ darzanIya hai| cauthI saMdhi meM jaba hAthI sarovara meM se kamala lekara bAmI kI pUjA karake calA jAtA hai aura karakaMDa usake nikaTa AtA hai tabhI rAjA kA svAgata karatA huA sarovara kahatA hai - 'Aie, vaha jala hastiyoM ke kumbhasthaloMdvArA kalaza dhAraNa kiye thA aura tRSNAtura jIvoM ko sukha utpanna karatA thaa| vaha ucca - daNDakamaloM dvArA unnati vahana kara rahA thA tathA uchalatI machaliyoM dvArA apanA uchalatA mana prakaTa kara rahA thA aura vividha vihaMgoM ke rUpa meM nAca rahA thaa| phena-piNDa rUpI dA~toM ko prakaTa karatA huA vaha ha~sa rahA thA evaM ati nirmala tathA pracura guNoM sahita cala rahA thA / bhramarAvalI kI guMjAra - dvArA vaha gA rahA thA aura pavana se prerita jala ke dvArA daur3a rahA thA' AvaMtaho taho aidihi jaNaMtu / khagarAvai~ Avahu NaM bhaNaMtu // jalakuMbhikuMbhaku bhai~ dharaMtu / taNhAurajIvaha~ suhu karaMtu // uddaMDa liNiuNNai vahaMtu / ucchalliyamINahiM maNu kahaMtu // DiMDIrapiMDarayaNahiM hasaMtu / aiNimmalapauraguNehi~ jaMtu / / pacchaNNau viyasiyapaMkaehiM / NacvaMtara vivihavihaMgaehiM // gAyaMtau bhamarAvaliraveNa / dhAvaMtau pavaNAhayajaleNa // 4.7.2-7 // - isa prakAra niSkarSataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki karakaMDacariu kA kavi saundarya kA saccA citrakAra hai| sAtha hI, saundarya-vidhAna meM usakI urvara kalpanA ne anUThA yogadAna diyA hai| tabhI to aneka bhAvAtmaka prasaMgoM kI udbhAvanA karake kathA ko rasasikta kara diyA hai jahA~ usane vividha bimboM kI avataraNA kI hai vahA~ varNana meM bhI utprekSA alaMkAra ke sahAre sundara citra hI nirmita kara diye haiN| rUpa citraNa aura bhAva Akalana meM usakI kArayitrI - pratibhA ne sacamuca kamAla hI kara diyA hai| usakI lokAnubhUti aura loka-jIvana ke sUkSma paryavekSaNa kI kSamatA nirAlI hai| isI se vItarAgI saMnyAsI hone para bhI usane apanI rasAtmakatA kA sahaja paricaya diyA hai aura saundarya-vidhAna meM kahIM alaMkAroM ke sahAre aura kahIM kalpanA ke dvArA bhavya bimba banAye haiM jinameM madhuratA hai, sarasatA hai / sArAMzataH unakA samUcA saundarya - vidhAna kAvya kI rasAnubhUti meM sarvatra saphala hai| usake saundarya-bodha meM antaHkaraNa kA yoga hai tathA usake citraNa meM gahana AntarikatA evaM AdhyAtmika-vRtti kA saMcaraNa huA hai| usameM

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69 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 kalAtmakatA aura bhavyatA hai| Beauty and other forms of value - By S. Alexander, London, 1933, P. 179 saundarya-zAstra ke tattva- DaoN. kumAra vimala, pRSTha 108 Principles of literary criticism- By I.A. Richards, 1955, P. 231 karakaNDacariu, sampAdaka - DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, 1.2, 5-7, pRSTha - 2 duhantyo'bhiyayuH kAzcid dohaM hitvA smutsukaaH| payo'dhizritya saMyAvamanudvAsyAparA yayuH / / 5 / / pariveSayantyastaddhitvA pAyantyaH zizUna payaH / zuzrUSantyaH patIn kAzcidazrantyo'pAsya bhojanam / / 6 / / limpantyaH prasRjantyo'nyA ajaMntyaH kAzca locane / vyatyamtavastrAbharaNAH kAzcit kRSNAntikaM yayuH / / - zrImadbhAgavata, dasam skaMdha, adhyAya 29, zloka 5-6 49-bI, Aloka nagara AgarA - 282 010

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70 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 vitthiNNa paesu magahAdesu etthaMtare sAru sura-maNa-hAru bharahakhette vikkhaau| vitthiNNa paesu magahAdesu nivasai desaharAu / / jahi~ guruyara girivara kaMdaresu jl-jhrnn-vaah-jhunni-suNdresu| kIlaMti surAsura kheyarAi~ Niya-Niya ramaNihiM sahu~ saayraaiN| jahi~ uTuMtihiM ai-Nava-NavehiM / puMDucchu-vADa-jaMtA rvehi| bahiriya-suyaraMdhihi~ jaNavaehi~ summai~na kiMpi viMbhiya gehiN| jahi~ ahaNisi vahahi~ taraMgiNIu taru-galiya kusuma raya-saMgiNIu / virayaMtiu jala-vinbhamahi~ vittu khayarAmara-maNuvaha~ hariya-cittu / jahi~NaMdaNataru-sAhaya ThiyAha~ samahura-saddaha~ klyNtthiyaahN| ' NisuNai~ Niccalu Thiupahiyalou Na samIhai ko suhayAri jou| jahi~ sari-sari sohai haMsa paMti jiy-saary-sshr-jonh-kNti| paribhavaNa-samunbhava-kheyakhiNNa NaM suvaNa-kitti mahiyale nnisnnnn| ghattA- takkara-mArIi tahaya aNIi Niru dIsaMti Na jetthu| surapura paDichaMdu Nara NiiMdu Nayaru rAyagihu tetthu // 40 // vaDDamANacariu 3.1 - yahIM bharatakSetra meM vikhyAta, sArabhUta, devoM ke mana ko haraNa karanevAlA, vistIrNa pradeza-vAlA evaM dezoM ke rAjA ke samAna magadha nAmakA deza sthita hai| jahA~ gurutara parvatoM ke jala-srotoM ke pravAha kI dhvani se yukta zreSTha evaM sundara kandarAoM meM apanI-apanI ramaNiyoM ke sAtha sura-asura evaM vidyAdhara sAdara krIr3Ae~ kiyA karate haiM, jahA~ pauMr3A evaM ikSu ke bAr3oM meM pIlana-yantroM se uThate hue atyanta naye-naye zabdoM se zrotra-randhra bahare ho jAte haiM aura vibhrama ko prApta janapadoM se anya kucha nahIM sunA jAtA, jahA~ vRkSoM se gire hue puSpoM kI rajakI saMgavAlI (arthAt parAgamizrita) nadiyA~ aharniza pravAhita rahatI haiM, jo jala ke vibhrama se samRddhi ko pradAna karatI haiM tathA vidyAdharoM, devoM evaM manuSyoM ke hRdayoM kA haraNa karatI haiM, jahA~ nandanavRkSa kI zAkhAoM para baiThe hue kalakaNTha vAle pakSiyoM ke madhura kalarava pathikajanoM dvArA nizcala rUpa se sthita hokara sune jAte haiN| (ThIka hI kahA gayA hai ki -) 'sukhakArI yoga ko kauna nahIM cAhatA ?' jahA~ nadI-nadI athavA tAlAba-tAlAba para haMsa-paMktiyA~ suzobhita rahatI haiM, ve aisI pratIta hotI haiM, mAno zaradakAlIna candra-'yotsnA kI kAnti hI ho, athavA mAno paribhramaNa kI thakAvaTa ke kAraNa hI vahA~ baiThe hoM athavA mAno vahA~ mahItala para baiThakara ve sundara-vargoM meM vahA~ kA kIrti-gAna hI kara rahe hoN| ___ ghattA - jahA~ taskara, mArI (roga) tathA (Iti, bhIti Adi) anIti bharA bhI dikhAI nahIM detii| indrapurI kA pratibimba tathA manuSyoM ke lie nidvandva rAjagRha nAma kA nagara hai| anu. - DaoN. rAjArAma jaina

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 akTUbara 2001-2002 karakaMDacariu kI pramukha kAvyarUr3hi-maMgalAcaraNa - vidyAvAridhi DaoN. mahendrasAgara pracaNDiyA __ apabhraMza prAkRta kI uttarAdhikAriNI ke rUpa meM samAdRta bhASA hai|' chaThI zatI se lekara caudahavIM zatI taka apabhraMza ke aneka jaina muni aura AcArya kavi hue haiN| inhoMne vesaTha zalAkA puruSoM tathA uttaravartI yazasvI rAjA-mahArAjAoM ke cArucaritroM ko lekara apabhraMza vAGmaya ko abhivRddha kiyA hai| bArahavIM zatI ke apabhraMza ke sazakta kavirmanISI muni zrI kanakAmara dvArA praNIta 'karakaMDacariu' bahucarcita carita kAvya hai| karakaMDacariu kI kathA daza saMdhiyoM meM vibhakta hai| isa kAvyakRti meM kAvyazAstrIya guNoM kA puSkala prayoga huA hai| kavi-samaya aura kAvyarUr3hi ke prayoga apabhraMza kAvya kI apanI vizeSatA hai| yahA~ apabhraMza ke 'karakaMDacariu' kI pramukha kAvyarUr3hi-'maMgalAcaraNa' para saMkSepa meM carcA karanA hamArA mUla abhipreta hai| kAvyarUr3hi athavA kathAnakarUr3hi sAhityika prayogoM kI paripATI ke rUpa meM mAnI jAtI hai| kathAnakarUDhi ko hI abhiprAya kahA gayA hai| AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne kathAnakarUDhi nAma dekara abhiprAya ko sArthaka tathA soddezya banAyA hai| vastutaH kathAnaka- rUr3hiyA~ kathAnaka ke nirmANa meM sahAyaka hotI haiN| racayitA inhIM ke sahAre calatA huA kathA ko gati pradAna karatA hai| __ apabhraMza kI prabandhamUlaka kAvyAbhivyakti meM 'maMgalAcaraNa' eka suparicita kAvyarUr3hi hai| maMgalAcaraNa eka yaugika zabda hai - 'maMgala' aura 'AcaraNa' se milakara isa zabda kA .

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 72 gaThana hotA hai / 'maMgala' maMgalAcaraNa kA pUrva aura apUrva rUpa hai / 'maMgala' zabda kA artha haipuNya, pUta, pavitra, prazasta, ziva, bhadra, kSema, kalyANa, zubha aura saukhy| ye sabhI zabdArtha 'maMgala' zabda ke paryAyavAcI haiN|" pApa-vinAzaka tathA puNya - prakAzaka bhAvamaMgala kahalAtA hai, namaskAra Adi kahalAtA hai- dravyamaMgala / nirvighnarUpa se zAstra kI athavA anya laukika kAryoM kI samApti evaM usake phala kI prApti ke lie saba kAryoM ke Adi meM tathA zAstra ke madhya aura anta meM maMgala karane kA Adeza hai / " yadi 'maMgala' zabda ko yaugika ke rUpa meM grahaNa kareM to 'maM' tathA 'gala' zabdoM ke yoga se 'maMgala' zabda kA gaThana hotA hai| maM zabda kA artha hai mithyAtva - mala aura gala zabda se tAtparya hai- galAnA, vinaSTa karanA, ghAtanA, dahana karanA / astu, jo mithyAtva - mala ko galAtA hai vaha hai- 'maMgala' / ' maMgala zabda isa prakAra bhI vigraha kiyA jA sakatA hai - maMga aura la ke suyoga se maMgala zabda kA gaThana hotA hai| maMga zabda kA artha aura abhiprAya haiullAsa-utsAha, sukha aura puNya; aura la zabda kA artha hai- laanaa| isa prakAra jo utsAhaullAsa, sukha aura puNya lAtA hai, vastutaH vaha hai- 'maMgala' / ' kAvya ke prArambha meM maMgalAcaraNa prathA aura pracalana apabhraMza ke prArambha se hI parilakSita hai| apabhraMza ke adhikAMza racayitA vastuta: jaina dharmAvalambI haiM aura jaina saMskRti meM deva, zAstra aura guru ko janavaMdya aMgIkAra kiyA gayA | apabhraMza ke mahApurANa meM kavi dvArA sarvaprathama jaina dharma ke Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha kI vandanA karate hue unako saba devoM meM zreSTha aura kAmadeva ko jItanevAlA batAyA gayA hai|' RSabhanAtha kI vandanA ke pazcAt kavi ne sanmatinAtha kI vandanA vyakta kI hai / " anta meM kavivara sarasvatI kI stuti gAna karate hue kAvya kA prArambha karatA hai / " kintu jasaharacariu meM kavi ne arihanta deva kI vandanA kI hai| isake pazcAt ve caturviMzati stuti ko abhivyakta karate haiM jisameM sarvaprathama RSabhanAtha ko namana kara zeSa teIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti kI gaI hai / vandanA ke uparAnta kavi kAvya kA prArambha karate haiN| NAyakumAracariu meM kisI tIrthaMkara deva kI stuti na karake sarasvatI vandanA ke uparAnta kAvya kA prArambha kiyA gayA hai| 12 apabhraMza ke 'maMgalAcaraNa' prayoga kI isI paramparA kI anumodanA paravartI apabhraMza kavivara muni zrI kanakAmara ne apane karakaMDacariu kAvya meM bhI kI hai| yahA~ 'karakaMDacariu' kAvya meM maMgalAcaraNa kI sthiti para hama saMkSepa meM carcA kreNge| granthArambha meM kavivara munizrI kanakAmara jinendradeva kI vandanA karate hue spaSTa karate haiN| ki mere pUjanIya ArAdhya deva kAmadeva kA vinAza karanevAle haiM / ve vastutaH zivapuravAsI haiN| pAparUpI andhakAra kA haraNa karanevAle, sUrya ke samAna tejasvI haiN| unhoMne mRtyu para vijaya prApta kI hai aura ve paramAtma-pada meM lIna haiM -

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 73 maNamAra viNAsaho, sivapurivAsaho, pAvatimirahara diNayara ho / paramappayalINaho vilayavihINaho, sarami caraNu sirijiNavaraho // 11 // - mere ArAdhya anupama mokSa sukha ke pradAtA haiN| devoM, nAgoM tathA manuSyoM dvArA sevita he deva ! Apa kI sadA vijaya kI bhAvanA hai| Apane jJAnarUpI mahodadhi kA pAra pA liyA hai aura bhavya jIvoM ko mokSa mArga para unmukha karake mahAn upakAra kiyA hai| he parama pUjanIya ! Apa karmarUpI bhujaMga kA damana karane ke lie maMtrarUpa haiM / caturgatiyoM meM paribhramaNa karate hue prANiyoM ke uddhArArtha Apa vAstava meM uttama zaraNa haiM tathA kalaharahita sajjanoM ke duHkha- saMghAta ke haraNakarttA haiM - jaya aNuvamasiva - suhakaraNa deva, deviMdaphaNiMdaNariMda seva / jaya NANamahovahikaliyapAra, pArAviya sivapahe bhaviyasAra // maMtANa bIja maNagahakayaMta / jaya kammabhuvaMgamadamaNamaMta, jaya caugaiDariyajaNekkasaraNa, raNarahiyasuyaNaduhaNivahaharaNa / / 1.1.3-6 // - he devoM ke deva mahAdeva ! Apa saMyamarUpI sarovara ke rAjahaMsa haiM tathA haMsoM ke samAna ujjvala buddhimAnoM dvArA prazaMsita haiN| Apa krodharUpI agni ko zamana aura zAnta karane ke lie jalarUpa haiM / ajJAnatama kA nivAraNa karanevAle paramavaMdya Apa kevalajJAna ke dhAraka haiN| Apane mokSarUpI zAzvata lakSmI ke hRdaya meM apanA nivAsa banAyA hai / zatAdhika indroM dvArA sevita haiM aura sukha ke dhAma haiM / bhavya kamaloM ko praphullita karane ke lie sUrya svarUpI haiM / Apa sAkSAt Atma-rasa ke agAdha arNava hI haiM - jaya saMjamasaravararAyahaMsa, haMsovamabuhayaNakayapasaMsa / jaya kohahuAsaNapauravAri, vAriyatama kevalaNANadhAri // jaya sAsayasaMpayahiyayavAsa, vAsavasayaseviya suhaNivAsa / jaya bhaviyasaroruhakamalabaMdhu, baMdhuraguNa NiyarasabahulasiMdhu / / 1.1.7-9 / / - he niraMjana ! bhava bhaya bhaMjana, bhuvana mahAgRhamaNDana deva ! ApakI jaya ho ! jo koI Apa ke caraNoM ko namaskAra karatA hai tathA mana meM Apako smaraNa karatA hai usa manuSya ko manovAMchita phala kI prApti hotI hai - jaya deva NiraMjaNa bhavabhaya bhaMjaNa, maMDaNa bhuvaNa mahAgharaho / tava caraNa NamaMtaho maNe sumaMrataho, hoi samicchiu phalu Nara ho / / 1.1.11 / / 'karakaMDacariu' kAvya ke maMgalAcaraNa meM kavi ne apane ArAdhya jinendradeva meM nihita uttamottama Atmika guNoM kA cintana aura cintavana kiyA hai tathA apabhraMza kI 'maMgalAcaraNa' nAmaka kAvyarUr3hi meM apUrva upamAnoM aura bhaktyAtmaka zabdAvali kA prayoga aura upayoga kiyA

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 hai| maMgalAcaraNa ke prayoga aura prayojana kI prAsaMgikatA ko pramANita karate hue kavi ne maMgalAcaraNa kI mahimA kA mUlyAGkana kiyA hai| apabhraMza ke paravartI kAvya vizeSakara hindI vAGmaya meM kavirUr3hiyoM kI bhA~ti 'maMgalAcaraNa' kA prayoga anivArya ho gayA hai| 1. hindI sAhitya koza, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 36, sampAdaka - DaoN. dhIrendra varmA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, khaNDa-4, pRSTha 93-94, DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI, DI.liT. karakaMDacariu, prastAvanA, pRSTha 11-12, DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, ema.e., DI.liMT., bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla, dvitIya saMskaraNa, pRSTha 80, DaoN. haz2ArIprasAda dvivedI tiloyapaNNatti, adhikAra 1, gAthAMka 8 jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga-3, pRSTha-259, kSu. jinendra varNI dhavalA, khaNDa 1, gAthAMka 10 dhavalA, khaNDa 1, gAthAMka 33 mahApurANa, mahAkavi puSpadanta, anuvAdaka DaoN. devendrakumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana vahI, vahI, jasaharacariu, puSpadanta, pRSTha 4, anuvAdaka DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, ema.e. DI.liT., bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana NAyakumAracariu, pRSTha 2, puSpadanta, anuvAdaka DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, ema.e. DI.liT., bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana 13. maMgala kalaza 394, sarvodaya nagara AgarA roDa, alIgar3ha - 202 001

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 akTUbara 2001-2002 jasaharacariu meM nirUpita indriya saMyama - eka vivecana - DaoN. ArAdhanA jaina 'svatantra' yazodhara ke jIvana-caritra ko AdhAra banAkara somadeva, vAdirAja vAsavasena, somakIrti, haribhadra, kSamAkalyANa Adi aneka digambara-zvetAmbara racanAkAroM ne apane DhaMga se prAkRta aura saMskRta bhASA meM kAvyasRjana kiyA hai| inameM mahAkavi puSpadantakRta 'jasaharacariu' sabase adhika prasiddha hai| yaha mahAkavi kI tRtIya va antima kRti hai| isameM hiMsA para ahiMsA kI vijaya kA bodhaka yazodhara kA jIvana-caritra cAra sandhiyoM meM prastuta hai| ___.'jasaharacariu' kI kathAvastu kA sArAMza mAtra itanA hI hai ki ujjaina ke rAjA yazodhara aura unakI mAtA candramatI ATe kA murgA banAkara devI ke samakSa usakA balidAna karate haiN| anta meM viSAkta bhojana ke bhakSaNa se unakA maraNa ho jAtA hai| ve apane agale janmoM meM kramazaH mayUra' aura kUkara', nakula va sarpa, pANDura rohita matsya' va suMsumAra, phira donoM aja' anantara aja' aura mahiSa' anta meM donoM kukkuTa hote haiM aura tiryaMca gati ke duHkha bhogate haiN| anantara susaMskAroM ke prabhAva se usI ujjaina ke rAjakula meM rAjA yazomati ke putra abhayaruci aura putrI abhayamatI (bhAI-bahana) ke rUpa meM janma lete haiN| ve dhArmika jIvanapatha para agrasara hote hue kSullaka evaM kSullikA dIkSA aMgIkAra kara lete haiN| eka bAra ve yodheya deza kI rAjadhAnI rAjapura meM narayugma kI bali ke lakSya se pakar3e jAkara" trizUladhAriNI caNDI devI ke mandira meM rAjA mAridatta ke samakSa upasthita kiye jAte haiN| rAjA unake mukha para sAmudrika cihna dekha unakA paricaya pUchatA hai| apane guru-mukha se sune anusAra ve apane pUrva

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 janmoM kI samagra kathA sunA dete haiN| use sunakara rAjA mAridatta pazcAttApa karate haiN| anta meM rAjA mAridatta bhairavAnanda, rAnI una kSullakoM ke guru sudatta ke samIpa jAkara dIkSA dhAraNakara svarga jAte haiN| prastuta kathA meM rAjA yazodhara mAtra indriya-viSaya-sukha kI tIvra kAmanA ke kAraNa hI mAtA ke kahane para saMkalpapUrvaka ATe ke murge kI bali detA hai aura kaI bhavoM taka sukha ke badale duHkhoM ko bhogatA hai| duHkhoM kA kAraNa icchA hai| icchAe~ jitanI adhika hoMgI AkulatA bhI utanI hI adhika hogii| icchAe~ jitanI kama hogI utanA hI adhika nirAkulatA kA anubhava hogaa| icchAoM ke pUrNataH abhAva hone para pUrNa nirAkulatA kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| nirAkulatA hI yathArtha sukha hai aura ise prApta karanA prANI kA lakSya hai| paNDita daulatarAma jI ne chahaDhAlA meM kahA hai - Atama ko hita hai sukha so sukha AkulatA bina khiy| AkulatA ziva mAMhi na tAtai zivamaga lAgyau cahie / / 3.1 / / ___ isase spaSTa hai ki nirAkulatA hI sukha hai| nirAkulatA rAga-dveSa-rahita hone/vItarAgatA Ane para hI milatI hai| vItarAgatA kI prApti bhI icchAoM ke abhAva/visarjana se hotI hai| yahI mukti kI sAdhanA hai| mAnava mukti kI sAdhanA ke patha para cale isa dRSTi se mahAkavi ne 'jasaharacariu' meM pahale icchAoM ko duHkha kA kAraNa nirUpita kara unheM saMyamita karane kI preraNA dI hai jo kramazaH vicAraNIya hai| rAjA yazodhara jaba apanI patnI kA eka kubar3e ke sAtha durAcAra dekha letA hai taba vaha vicAra karatA hai - jIvahu paru dukkiyagharu vicchiNNau vAhAyaru / iMdiyasuhu garuyau duhu kiha sevai paMDiyaNaru // 2.10.16-17 // - indriya sukha mahAn duHkha hai| jIva ke lie duSkarmoM kA ghara hai tathA mahAn bAdhAe~ utpanna karatA hai| paNDita puruSa isameM kaise par3a jAtA hai ? icchAe~ duHkha kA kAraNa hai| inase nivRtti ke do upAya haiM - indriya-saMyama aura viSayoM se vairAgya / indriya-saMyama kA artha hai indriyoM ko balapUrvaka viSaya-bhogoM se dUra rkhnaa| ise indriya-damana aura indriya-nigraha bhI kahate haiN| Adhunika yuga ke manovizleSaka phrAyaDa ne indriya-damana kI kaTu AlocanA karate hue ise sabhya samAja kA abhizApa siddha kiyA hai| usake anusAra zArIrika aura mAnasika rogoM, hatyA va AtmahatyAoM, pAgalapana Adi bImAriyoM ke kAraNoM meM indriya-damana pramukha hai| icchAoM ke damana se vyaktitva antardvandva se grasta ho jAtA hai| prAkRtika mana aura naitika mana

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77 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 meM saMgharSa chir3a jAtA hai| isa saMgharSa meM icchAe~ daba to jAtI haiM para ve naSTa nahIM hotIM / ve acetana (gUDha ) mana kI gaharAiyoM meM calI jAtI haiM aura granthi banakara baiTha jAtI haiN| ve granthiyA~ caritra meM vikRti utpannakara manuSya ko rugNa, vikSipta, chadmI yA bhraSTa banA detI haiN| icchAoM ke damana kA pariNAma hara hAlata meM vinAzakArI hai| isaliye phrAyaDa ne damana kA pUrI taraha se niSedha kiyA hai aura unmukta kAma bhoga kI salAha dI hai| kintu usake dvArA sujhAI gaI yaha davA roga se bhI adhika bhayaMkara hai| " 'gItA' meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki jo mUDhAtmA indriyoM ko balapUrvaka viSaya-bhoga se vaMcita rakhatA hai vaha mana hI mana viSayoM kA smaraNa karatA rahatA hai| isa prakAra vaha mAyAcArI bana jAtA hai - karmendriyANi saMyamya ya Aste manasA smaran / indriyArthAn vimUDhAtmA mithyAcAra sa ucyate / / 3.6. / / paNDita ToDaramalajI ne bhI kSamatA ke abhAva meM jo balapUrvaka upavAsa Adi kiyA jAtA hai usake pA~ca duSpariNAma batalAye haiM 1. kSudhAdi kI pIr3A asahya hone para Artta dhyAna utpanna hotA hai / 2. manuSya prakArAntara se icchAtRpti kI ceSTA karatA hai, jaise- pyAsa lagane para pAnI to na piye kintu zarIra para jala kI bU~deM chir3ake / pIr3A ko bhulAne ke lie juA Adi vyasanoM meM citta lagAtA hai| ho jAtA hai| upavAsAdi kI pratijJA pUrNa hone para bhojanAdi meM ati AsaktipUrvaka pravRtta hotA hai | 20 indriya- damana ke hAnikAraka prabhAva hote hue bhI jaina AcAra saMhitA meM indriya- saMyama At Avazyaka batalAyA gayA hai| 'jasaharacariu' meM kavi ne gRhastha-dharma ke paripAlana hetu pA~coM indriyoM ko aura mana ko vaza meM karane hetu nirdezita kiyA hai - 3. 4. 5. pratijJA - - cyuta duddharu hoi dhammu aNagArau, lai paripAlahi tuhu~ sAgArau / aNaliyagira jIvaha~ daya kijjai, paradhaNu parakalattu vaMcijjai / aNisAbhoyaNu, pamiyapariggahu, maNi Na Nihippar3a lohamahAgahu / mahumairAmisu paMcuMbariphalu, Nau cakkhijjai kayadukkiyamalu / kijjai dasadisapaccakkhANu vi, bhouvabhoya- bhuttisaMkhANu vi / mairakkhaNu avaru vi sudasavaNu vi, pAusakAli gamaNaveramaNu vi / jIvAhAru jIu Na dharijjai, NiyapaharaNu vi kAsu vi dijjai // 13.30.8-14 //

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 anagAra dharma durdhara hotA hai ataH tU sAgAra / gRhastha dharma ko grahaNa kara / pAlana kara / vANI mithyAtva se rahita honI cAhie / jIvoM para dayA karanA cAhiye / paradhana aura parastrI se bacanA caahie| rAtri bhojana nahIM karanA cAhie / dhana-sampattirUpa parigraha bhI sImita honA cAhie / madhu, madirA, mAMsa aura pA~ca udumbara phala (vaTa, pIpala, pAkara, umara aura kaThUmara) ko bhI nahIM cakhanA caahie| ye pAparUpI maila utpanna karate haiM / dasoM dizAoM meM pratyAkhyAna arthAt gamanAgamana kI sImA kara lenA cAhiye / bhogoM aura upabhogoM kA saMkhyAna arthAt nizcita mAtrA aura khAne kI saMkhyA nirdhArita karanI caahie| mana ko vaza meM rakhanA caahie| zAstra zravaNa karanA cAhie / varSAkAla meM gamanAgamana nahIM karanA cAhie / jIva hI jIva kA AhAra hai, aisI dhAraNA rakhakara jIva-hiMsA nahIM karanA cAhiye / hiMsA ke sAdhana apane astrazastra anya ko nahIM denA cAhiye / 78 kRti meM pratyeka mAha kI aSTamI - caturdazI ko upavAsa karane hetu bhI nirdezita kiyA hai| upavAsa kI zakti na hone para kAMjI * kA bhojana yA nIrasa bhojana karanA caahiye| tInoM sandhyAoM meM sAmAyika karane, kaSAyoM se bacane evaM jinAlaya yA ekAnta samaya bitAne ko kahA hai| 21 ye kriyAe~ manuSya ko utane samaya indriya-viSayoM se virata karatI haiN| indriya-damana hAnikAraka hote hue bhI Avazyaka kyoM hai ? viSayoM se vairAgya hone para icchAe~ samApta ho jAtI haiM to indriya-saMyama kA aucitya kyA hai ? icchAoM ke visarjana meM indriya- saMyama kI manovaijJAnika bhUmikA kyA hai ? yahA~ isa para vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| sAmAnya dhAraNA yaha hai ki indriyoM kI viSaya-pravRtti manogata viSaya-vAsanA para Azrita hai / mana meM viSayoM ke prati Asakti se hI icchAe~ utpanna hotI haiM aura indriyA~ apane - apane viSayoM meM pravRtta hotI haiN| ataeva mana ke viSayoM se virakta ho jAne para icchAe~ samApta ho jAtI haiM / ataH indriyoM para alaga se nigraha Avazyaka nahIM hai| 22 para yaha dhAraNA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki icchAe~ mAtra viSayAsakti se hI nahIM varan indriyavyasana yA bhogAbhyAsa se bhI utpanna hotI haiN| yaha eka snAyutaMtrIya prakriyA hai| mUla rUpa se icchAyeM viSaya-rAga se hI utpanna hotI haiM kintu tRpti ke lie jaba indriyA~ viSaya bhoga karatI haiM taba nAr3I - tantra meM bhoga kA eka saMskAra par3atA hai| yaha saMskAra jaba bAra-bAra AvRtta hotA hai taba vaha vyasana yA lata meM pariNata 'jAtA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa indriyoM meM sambandhita viSaya ke bhoga kI icchA apaneApa utpanna hone lagatI hai| jisa samaya jisa vastu ke bhoga kA abhyAsa indriyoM ko ho gayA hai usa samaya usa vastu kI prApti ke lie endriyaka nAr3I taMtra meM uddIpana hotA hai| isase zarIra aura mana meM vyAkulatA utpanna hotI hai jisase mukta hone ke lie usa vastu kA bhoga Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| isa uddIpana ko 'talaba' kahate haiN| udAharaNArtha- jinheM bIr3I, sigareTa, * mA~Da, dahI yA phaTe hue dUdha kA pAnI

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79 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 tambAkU, cAya, zarAba Adi kI lata par3a jAtI hai unake endriyaka tantuoM meM nirdhArita samaya para ina dravyoM ke bhoga kI uttejanA paidA hotI hai aura taba unheM barabasa inakA sevana karanA par3atA hai| isI prakAra jinheM adhika bhojana karane kI yA adhika kAma sevana karane kI Adata par3a jAtI hai unakI indriyA~ utane hI bhojana aura utane hI kAma sevana kI mA~ga karane lagatI haiN| ise manovijJAna kI bhASA meM pratibaddhIkaraNa kahate haiM / 23 bhogAbhyAsa ho jAne para indriyoM kA apanA eka alaga vidhAna ho jAtA hai| pahale ve mana ke anusAra calatI haiN| bAda meM mana ko apane anusAra calAne lagatI haiM aura unakI cAlaka zakti itanI prabala ho jAtI hai ki na cAhate hue bhI mana ko balapUrvaka apanI ora khIMca letI hai| yaha to sarvavidita hai ki mana hI hamAre samasta kAryoM kA srota hai / mana hI indriyoM ko apane-apane viSayoM meM pravRtta karatA hai para isa tathya kI ora bahuta kama logoM kA dhyAna jAtA hai ki indriyA~ bhI mana ko balAt apane viSayoM kI ora AkRSTa kara letI haiN| 24 'gItA' meM yaha tathya spaSTa zabdoM meM vyakta kiyA gayA hai| - yatato hyapi kaunteya puruSasya vipazcitaH / indriyANi pramAthIni haranti prasabhaM manaH / / 2.60 / / - he arjuna ! samajhadAra manuSya bhI ina indriyoM ko vaza meM karane kA prayatna kare to bhI pracaNDa indriyA~ mana ko jarbadastI viSayoM kI ora khIMca le jAtI haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki kaI bAra loga bIr3I, sigareTa, zarAba kI Adi hAniyoM se saceta hokara jaba unheM chor3ane kA bAra-bAra prayatna karate haiM para chor3a nahIM paate| isalie jahA~ yaha satya hai ki indriyoM ke viSaya virakta ho jAne para bhI mana kA viSaya - nivRtta honA nizcita nahIM hai, vahA~ yaha bhI satya hai ki mana ke viSaya - virakta ho jAne para bhI indriyoM kA viSaya- nivRtta honA anivArya nahIM hai / icchAoM ke do srota haiM- viSaya-rAga tathA indriya-vyasana / inameM viSaya-rAga to jJAna se naSTa ho jAtA hai para indriya- vyasana kI nivRtti ke lie pahale padArthoM ke hAnikAraka svarUpa kI samajha ho anantara aindriyaka nAr3Itantra meM honevAle uddIpana arthAt 'talaba' ko pUrNa na karane kA prayAsa kiyA jaaye| aisA karane se nAr3I tantra meM vikasita 'talaba' ke saMskAra dhIre-dhIre zithila hokara naSTa ho skeNge| isake lie vikalpa bhI apanAye jA sakate haiN| jaise - indriyavyasana kI icchA hone para use santuSTa na karate hue ahAnikara padArtha kA sevana kiyA jAye athavA mana ko anya kisI rucikara kArya meM lagAyA jAya / yaha kArya Arambha meM kaSTadAyI pratIta hotA hai para indriyoM ko viSayajanya uttejanA kI sAmagrI na milane se vaha kSINa hotI jAtI haiM / nAr3Itantra kI vikRta avasthA meM badalAva AtA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa yaha indriyavyasana eka dina pUrNarUpeNa samApta ho sakatA hai / isI prakAra samasta indriya-viSayoM ke

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80 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 anAvazyaka bhoga kI AdatoM se nivRtti pAkara indriyoM ko anAvazyaka viSaya-rAgoM se bacAyA jA sakatA hai| yahI indriya-saMyama yA indriya-damana hai| anAvazyaka icchAoM se mukti pAne ke lie indriya-saMyama aparihArya hai| indriya-saMyama ke dvArA zarIra meM utpanna honevAlI asvAbhAvika evaM anAvazyaka icchAoM ko niyantrita kiyA jAtA hai| kyoMki anAvazyaka icchAoM kI utpatti se ArtabhAva hotA hai aura unakA poSaNa zArIrika vyAdhiyoM kA janmadAtA hai| ataeva niyantrita icchAe~ zArIrika evaM mAnasika svAsthya evaM zAnti pradAna karatI hai| karma siddhAnta ke anusAra mithyAtva, kaSAya, asaMyama tathA indriyaviSayoM ke sevana se jIvoM ke karmoM kA Asrava (Agamana) hotA hai ise samyaka jIvoM ke Upara dayAbhAva tathA indriya-anAsakti ke dvArA rokanA cAhie micchattakasAyAsaMjameNa, Asavai kammu krnnunbhvenn| sammatiM jIvadayAgameNa, iMdiyaraisaMgaviNiggameNa // 4.15.3-4 / / kRti meM zArIrika icchAoM/uttejanAoM ko kramazaH niyantrita karane kA bhI nirdeza hai|" zakti ke anusAra jitane aMza meM rAgabhAva ke vigalita hone para cAritrika kSamatA utpanna hotI hai, utane aMza meM indriya-viSayaka uttejanAoM ko niyantrita karanA caahiye| kramazaH icchAoM ko visarjita karane se nAr3ItantrIya srota niSkriya ho jAtA hai aura cAritrika vikRtiyoM ke lie koI avakAza nahIM rhtaa| ataH icchAoM ke visarjana meM indriya-saMyama utanA hI manovaijJAnika . sAdhana hai jitanA viSayoM se vairAgya / 'jasaharacariu' meM kathA va upadeza ke mAdhyama se nirUpita indriya-saMyama kI aura unmukta va anAvazyaka bhogoM se bacane kI preraNA dI gaI hai| isakA lAilAja bImAriyoM se bacane, zArIrika-mAnasika svAsthya pradAna karane meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| isase bhogopabhoga-sAmagrI ke saMcaya kI vRtti bhI niyantrita hotI hai tathA anya ko bhI usakI prApti ke sahaja avasara mila jAte haiN| indriya-sayaMma, ahiMsAdi vRttiyA~ mAnava ko svAvalambI banAtI haiN| yaha AtmotthAna kI yAtrA ke pathika ke lie zreSThatama sambala hai| N jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, nAthUrAma premI, pRSTha 314 hindI ke vikAsa meM apabhraMza kA yoga, DaoN. nAmavara siMha, lokabhAratI prakAzana, ilAhAbAda, varSa 1993 pRSTha - 213 jasaharacariu, 2.27.15, mahAkavi puSpadanta, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, naI dillI, dvitIya saMskaraNa, san 1972

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81 14. apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 vahI, 2.31.1 5. vahI, 2.36.6 vahI, 2.36.11 vahI, 3.4.13 vahI, 3.2.8 vahI, 3.6.9-11 vahI, 3.7.8.1 vahI, 3.11.15-16 vahI, 3.13.12-17 vahI, 3, 33, 34 vahI, 3.33.34 15. vahI, 4.28.2 vahI, 4.28.22-23 vahI, 1.14.11-12 vahI, 1.16.17-18 jinabhASita, mAsika patrikA, sampAdaka pro. ratanacandra jaina, sarvodaya jaina vidyApITha, 1/205 prophesara kaoNlonI, AgarA, maI 2001, pRSTha 16 mokSamArga- prakAzaka, paNDita ToDaramala, 7/238-240 21. vahI, 3.30.1-5, 3.31.1. jinabhASita, maI 2001, pRSTha 17 vahI, vahI, vahI, pRSTha 17-18 26. jasaharacariu, 4.15.11-12 7. bhagavAna mahAvIra mArga gaMjabAsaudA (ma.pra.)

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82 varavatthu rayaNadhAraNa NihANu ghattA - apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 Nivasa asesa - Nayaraha~ pahANu phaliha - silAyala - paviraiya- sAlu gourutoraNa- paDikhaliya-tAru sasi - sUru - kaMti-maNi - gaNa - pahAlu NIla- maNi-kiraNa-saMjaNiya-mehu sura-hara-siharuccAiya-payaMgu Niccucchava- harisiya-suyaNa - vaggu paripAliya- jaMgama - jIvarAsi paradavva-haraNa-saMkuiya - hatthu paraNAri - NirikkhaNa-kayaNivitti parihariya-mANa - maya- mAya gavvu sIlAharaNAlaMkariya- bhavvu tahi~ bhuMjai rajju, ciMtiya kajju vairi- hariNa - gaNa - vAhu / NAmeNa pasiddhu lacchi-samiddha vissabhUi NaraNAhu ||41 // vaDDamANacariu 3.2 I vara- vatthu - rayaNa-dhAraNa- NihANu / siMgagga - Nihaya-Nahayalu visAlu / AvaNa saMdarisiya-kaNaya tAru / maru-dhuya-dhayavaDa-cala-vAhu-DAlu / rayaNamaya- Nilaya-jiya-tiyasagehu / rAyahara-dAri gajjaya - mayaMgu / tUrArava - vahiriya-pavaNamaggu / tiraNa - parisuddhipra suddha - bhAsi / muNidANa-jiNuddhava-vihi- samatthu / muNi- bhaNiya - saMkha-viraiya- pavitti / vaMdiyaNa - viMda- paviiNNa- davvu / Niruvaddau jahi jaNu vasai savvu / - vaha rAjagaDha nagara samasta nagaroM meM pradhAna tathA uttamottama vasturUpI ratnoM ke dhAraNa (saMgraha) karanevAlA nidhAna hai| jahA~ sphaTika zilAoM dvArA banAyA gayA vizAlA parakoTA hai, jisake zikharAgroM se AkAza ragar3a khAtA rahatA hai| gopura ke toraNoM se jisa (parakoTa) kI U~cAI pratiskhalita hai, jahA~ ke bAjAroM meM sone ke sundara-sundara AbhUSaNa hI dikhAI dete haiM, jo candrakAnta evaM sUryakAnta maNiyoM kI prabhA se dIpta hai, jo vAyu dvArA phaharAtI huI dhvajA-patAkA rUpI caMcala bAhulatAoM se yukta hai, jahA~ megha aise pratIta hote haiM, mAno nIlakAnta maNiyoM se bane hue hoN| jahA~ ke ratnamaya nilayoM ne svargavimAnoM ko bhI jIta liyA thA, jahA~ devagRha ke samAna pratIta honevAle bhavanoM ke zikharoM se sUrya ko bhI U~cA uThA diyA gayA hai| rAjagRha ke (rAjabhavana) ke dvAra para siMha garajatA rahatA hai| nitya honevAle utsavoM se sajjana varga harSita rahatA hai, jahA~ tUra ke zabdoM se AkAza baharA ho jAtA hai| jahA~ jaMgama jIvarAzi bhI paripAlita rahatI hai (vahA~ trasajIvarAzi kI paripAlanA kA to kahanA hI kyA) jahA~ trikaraNoM arthAt man, vacana evaM kAya kI zuddhi kahI jAtI hai, jahA~ paradravya-haraNa meM logoM ke hAtha saMkucita tathA muni ke lie dAna evaM jinotsava kI vidhiyoM se dAna dene meM samartha haiN| jahA~ ke logoM kI vRtti paranArI ke nirIkSaNa karane meM nivRtti rUpa tathA muni-kathita zikSA ke pAlana karane meM pravRttirUpa hai| krodha, mada, mAyA evaM garva se dUra rahate haiM / bandIjanoM ko dravya diyA karate haiN| bhavyajana zIlarUpI AbharaNoM se alaMkRta haiM tathA jahA~ sabhI jana binA kisI upadrava ke nivAsa karate haiM - ghattA - usa rAjagRhI meM kartavya kAryoM kI cintA karanevAlA, bairiyoM ko harAne meM samartha bAhuoM vAlA evaM lakSmI se samRddha 'vizvabhUti' ina nAma se prasiddha eka naranAtha rAjyabhoga karatA thA / - DaoN. rAjArAma jaina anu. -

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 akTUbara 2001-2002 jaina phAgu 83 kI lokaparakatA - DaoN. zailendrakumAra tripAThI sAdhAraNataH 'phalgu' se phAgu kI vyutpatti mAnI jAtI hai| 'amarakoSa' (amarasiMha) ke TIkAkAra kSIra svAmI ne phalgu kI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai - 'vasantyasmin sukhaM vastai bhuvaM vasantaH / phalgu dezyAm / ' (kAlavarga, 3.18) phalgu kA 'vasanta' ke sAtha abhinna sambandha hai / DaoN. govinda rajanIza ne 'phalgu' zabda ke tIna artha batAye haiM- 1. basanta, 2. zveta nakSatra aura 3. AraktavarNa- ina tInoM kA artha ve vasanta se sandarbhita batAte haiM / parantu jJAnamaNDala, vArANasI se prakAzita 'paurANika koza' ke anusAra 'phalgu' (bihAra kI eka pavitra nadI jisake taTa para 'gayA' tIrtha banA hai / pitRpakSa meM yahA~ melA lagatA hai) kA artha alaga hai, para isase 'phalgu' ke sAhityika nihitArtha kI kSati nahIM hotii| kAntilAla vyAsa ne 'vasanta vilAsa' kI paricayAtmaka bhUmikA meM mAnA thA - "The Phagu is so called because it mainly deals with the joys and pleasures of spring time which is at its best in the month of Phalguna."' yaha to vasanta ke sAtha nizcita aura abhinna rUpa se jur3A huA hai, yaha apabhraMza ke adhisaMkhya 'phAgu' granthoM ko sAmane rakhakara nizcita kiyA jA sakatA hai; parantu merA abhISTa yaha nahIM hai| jaina phAgu granthoM para phAgu-virahita hone kA aura dhArmika saMkIrNatA kA Aropa lagAyA jAtA hai| pratibaddha dRSTi se dekhane para yaha Aropa anucita mAlUma nahIM par3atA kintu

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84 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 dharma kA pracAra-prasAra agara pratibaddha dRSTi se na kiyA jAya to vahA~ saiddhAntika kSaraNa bhI hone lagatA hai; kyoMki jaba hama kisI uddezya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara koI kArya karate haiM to vahA~ para sandarbho kA nihitArtha spaSTa hotA hai kintu dharma agara sAmAjika prakriyA ke antargata koI kRtya yA prakriyA hai to usase loka ko prabhAvita honA hai aura yaha prabhAva ubhayAtmaka hai, kRti aura kRtikAra para bhI loka kA prabhAva dekhA jA sakatA hai| DaoN. govinda rajanIza kA mAnanA hai ki - "jaina AkhyAtmaka phAgu, jaina AkhyAnoM ko upajIvya banAkara likhe gaye haiN| isa paramparA meM do hI AkhyAnoM kI gaNanA kI jA sakatI hai - 1. neminAtha-rAjImatI aura 2. sthUlibhadra-kozA, ye donoM hI loka-vizruta AkhyAna haiN|" ___ DaoN. rAmasiMha tomara ne 'prAkRta apabhraMza sAhitya' (pRSTha 224) meM yaha jAnakArI dI hai ki- "rAsa, carcarI aura 'phAgu' tInoM hI nAmoM se apabhraMza aura prAcIna gujarAtI meM racanAe~ milatI haiM ------- phAgu Adi kA kAvya-rasa se hIna rUpa calatA rhaa| kAvya meM bhI isa paramparA ke vAstavika svarUpa ko bhUlakara kavi loga rAjAoM ke caritoM kI racanA karane lage, yaha cAraNa kAvya kA dUsarA rUpa hai|" kAvya-rasa se hInarUpa cAraNa kAvya kA dUsarA rUpa bhI ho sakatA hai kyA ? merI samajha meM nahIM AtA ki isa taraha kI mAnyatAoM se vidvAn kisma ke cintaka Akhira kahanA kyA cAhate haiM ? jaina phAgu granthoM para dhArmikatA kA Aropa laga sakatA hai parantu kAvya-rasa se hIna koI sAhityika kAvya-paramparA (cAhe vaha dhArmika hI kyoM na ho agara samAja meM racI jA rahI hai to) nahIM cala sktii| jaina phAgu-varNanoM meM dhArmikatA ke sAtha aihikatA kA itanA adhika mizraNa hai ki kabhI-kabhI to pAThaka ko bhI bhrama hone lagatA hai ki kahIM zRMgAra varNana to nahIM ho rahA hai - Rtu vasanta nava yauvani yauvani taruNI veza / pApI viraha saMtApai tApai piu paradeza // vanasapati savi moharI re, pasarI mayaNanI aann| virahI naI kahaMu kahaMu karai koyala mUMkai bANa // - arthAt vasanta naye rUpa meM hai, yuvatI bhI taruNI hai| priyatama paradeza gayA huA hai| vasanta ke Agamana se kAmadeva kI zAna bar3ha-sI gayI hai| virahiyoM ke lie koyala 'kahA~ haikahA~ hai' kahakara bANa chor3a rahI hai (priyatama ke lie)| te sAjana kima bIsarai jasa guNa vasiyA ciNti| UMdha mAMhi ju vIsarai suhuMNA mAMhi diisNti||' - priyatama jaba hRdaya meM basA huA hai to bhalA kisa taraha se vismRta kiyA jA

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 sakatA hai ! ardhasuptAvasthA meM to vaha vismRta ho sakatA hai para nIMda ke Ate hI svapna meM dikhAyI de jAtA hai| sAhityika dRSTi se phAgu kAvya meM viraha kA bhAva-samprasaraNa kisI bhI taraha se hIna nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| samadhura kRta 'neminAtha phAgu' meM kavi ne eka dharma-pracAraka ke rUpa meM jaba svayaM ko prastuta kiyA hai to neminAtha ko mukti kA dAtA kahA hai kintu jahA~ para aihika sandarbha usake sAmane Aye haiM aura eka pati ke rUpa meM neminAtha svayaM ko prastuta karane meM asamartha (jahA~ para) hote hai vahA~ kavi unheM napuMsaka taka kahane meM saMkoca nahIM karatA - are Urahi Urahi AhaNai, te keme tANati / are kAhauM nemi napuMsako, eka ramaNi na krNti|| isI taraha samarakRta 'neminAtha phAgu' meM bhI viraha kI karuNa dazAoM kA jo mArmika citraNa milatA hai vaha prakRti-prerita hai| virahiNI kI mAnasika dazA aura prakRti kA asahayoga jisa taraha se varNita kiyA gayA hai vaha pAramparika hI hai, vaha koyala ho yA candA donoM rAjImatI kI mAnasika dazA ko nahIM samajhate - koyala karaI TahUkaDA baiThI aMbalA ddaali| viraha saMbhAriya pApiNI, jAjaI yAdavavAli // xxx candA kahi na saMdesaDau, vInataDI avdhaari| zuddhi pUcchauM yAdava taNI, tU jAIsi giranAri // jaina dhArmikatA kI Ar3a meM sAhityika AlocanA ne jo niSkarSa apabhraMza kI samRddha paramparA ko nakArane meM lagAyA usakI pratikriyA meM dUsare varga ne ati utsAha dikhAyA aura madhyakAla kI samRddha paramparA para (dhArmika paramparA jo sAmAjika pahale thI) praznavAcaka lagAne kI bAta kahI; vastutaH honA yaha cAhie ki kisI paramparA yA dhArmika sAhitya se usakA sAmAjika satvAMza grahaNa kiyA jAya usameM koI pUrvAgraha na rhe| adhikatara jaina phAgu kAvyoM kI viSaya-vastu nirdhArita hai| mAtra do upAkhyAnoM ko AdhAra banAkara dRSTi kI kitanI bhinnatA dikhAyI jA sakatI hai ! para vahA~ bhI jahA~ taka loka meM kavi jA sakA hai vahA~ varNana sajIva aura AkarSaka ho uThA hai, 'paumacariu' phAgu kAvya to nahIM hai para vahA~ bhI jisa taraha se basanta kA varNana huA hai. vaha dekhate banatA hai - suppahAya- dahi- aMsa- ravaNNau / koyl-kml-kirnn-dl-chnnnnu|| jayahareM paisAriu pisnteN|

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86 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 NAvai maGgala-kalaNu vsnteN|| phagguNa-khalahoM dUra nniisaariu| jeNa virahi-jaNu kaha va Na mAriu // 4.1.1-3 / / - arthAt lAla sUrya-piNDa aisA laga rahA thA mAno praveza karate vasanta ne saMsAra meM komala kiraNoM ke dala se Dhake hue prabhAtarUpI maMgala kalaza (dadhilepita) kI sthApanA kI ho| vasanta ne phAlguna ke duSTa dUta pAle ko bhagA diyaa| paGkaya-vayaNau kuvalaya-NayaNau keyi-kesr-sir-sehru| pallava karayalu kusuma-Nahujjalu paisarai vsnt-nnresru||14.1.9-10|| - dhIre-dhIre vasanta rAjA kA praveza huaa| kamala usakA mukha thA, kumuda-netra, ketakI, parAga, sirazekhara-siramukuTa, pallava-karatala aura phUla usake ujjvala nakha the| phAgu kAvya meM vasanta/kAmadeva kA AnA bahuta hI sahaja DhaMga se hotA hai, aura janazrutiyoM para agara dhyAna diyA jAya to phAguna/dolotsava/vasantotsava/madanotsava/holikotsava se jana-sAdhAraNa kA lagAva dekhA jA sakatA hai; aura sambhavataH yahI kAraNa hai ki phAgu kAvya meM kahIM-kahIM 'ati' kI jhalaka bhI dikhAyI dene lagatI hai - kaThina supIna payodhara, manohara ati utNg| caMpanavanI candrAnanI mAnanI soha surNg|| haraNI harAvI nija nayaNahi vayaNDi sAha surNg| daMta supaMtI dIpaMtI sohaMtI siraveNI bNdh|| - vIra vilAsa phAgu kahIM-kahIM para phAgu kAvyoM meM (jainetara) paramparA kA prAcInatama rUpa dekhane ko bhI mila sakatA hai| udAharaNa ke lie 'vasanta vilAsa' ke racayitA ke bAre meM vivAda hai| kRti ke jaina paramparA meM hone meM bhI vivAda hai (kucha mAnate haiM, kucha nahIM mAnate) para isase kRti ke sthAyI mahattva meM kisI bhI prakAra kI kamI hogI aisI nahIM kahA jA sakatA - desu kapUra cI vAsi re vAsi valI sara pddu| sovana cAMca nirUpama rUpama pAMSur3I beu|| - 'he vAyasa, tumheM maiM vAyasikA kapUra se vAsita kara duuNgii| yadi tU priya ke Agamana kA svara sunA degA to sone se coMca mar3hA duuNgii| terI donoM pA~kheM cA~dI se mar3hA duuNgii|' kahanA na hogA ki yaha vidyApati se hotA huA Aja bhI lokabhASAoM kI paramparA meM apabhraMza kI samRddha paramparA se hI surakSita hai| kabhI-kabhI atyanta sundara upamA ke jariye phAgu kAvyoM meM citrAtmaka abhivyakti milatI hai ki lagatA nahIM ki yaha dhArmika kAvya hai -

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'87 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 tau avatariu ritupati tapati sumanmatha puuri| jimi nArIya nirIkSiNa dakSiNa meMlhai sUri // (neminAtha phAyu) arthAt sUrya ne dakSiNa-dizA kA parityAga kara diyA hai jisa taraha se kisI AzrayahIna nArI kA parityAga kara diyA jAtA hai| prAcIna phAgu saMgraha meM DaoN. bhogIlAla saoNDesarA kA mAnanA hai ki vasanta Rtu meM mastI ke kSaNoM meM gAye jAnevAle gItoM ko 'phAgu' kA nAma diyA gayA hogA aura aba sAhityika rUpa prApta karane para alaMkRta zailI isakI khAsa vizeSatA bana gyii| samarakRta neminAtha phAgu meM candramA, koyala Adi ke laukika aura pAramparika upamAnoM ke jariye rAjImatI kI viraha-vyathA aura vedanA ko abhivyakti milI hai| 'sthUlibhadra phAgu' ke racayitA mAladeva ne to paramparA aura lokatattvoM kA khAsA sahayoga liyA hai - veza kunAri juArIiM dUrajana atihiM vigovai re| agini sAMpa rAjA yogI, kabahu~ mIta na hovai re|| so kaMcaNa kyA pahirIi, ju kAnehu~ tuM torai re| jai paramesvara rUsIi, nAU pAli kUTi re|| 'sthUlibhadra kozA prema vilAsa phAgu' meM aihika sandarbho para jisa taraha se z2ora diyA gayA hai vaha kitanA svAbhAvika aura laukika hai dekhA jA sakatA hai - . sUkai sarovara jala vinA, haMsA kisyure karesi / jasa ghari gamatIya goraDI, tasa kima gamai re vides|| arthAt agara jala binA sarovara sUkha gayA ho to haMsa kyA karegA ? isI taraha prApta pUrNa yauvanA ko parityAga karake agara priyatama pravAsa para jA rahA hai to use kyA lAbha hogA ? jAhira hai jahA~ para jaina kaviyoM ne laukika lokAcAra ko sAmane rakhA vahA~ para sAhityikatA ke zreSTha aMza hameM dikha jAte haiN| DaoN. zambhUnAtha pANDeya ne phAgu kAvyoM kI nimnalikhita vizeSatAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai' - ___ vasanta Rtu kA mAdaka vrnnn| laya, dhvani, nAda-saundarya ke sAtha vAdya kI anugUMja para gAyA aura nAcA jaanaa| saMyoga aura viyoga zRMgAra kI mArmika abhivykti| kAmadeva kI vizeSa ArAdhanA / 'bhAsa' meM vibhakta kara choTI-moTI kathA dekara khaNDakAvya kA svarUpa pradAna kara denaa| dohA, rolA, soraThA tathA phAgu chandoM kA pryog|

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88 7. saMyama zrI kI vijaya / AkhirI vizeSatA ko agara gauNa mAna liyA jAya to jaina phAgu kAvya kI lokaparakatA ko aura svAbhAvika dRSTi se dekhA jA sakatA hai tathA DaoN. pANDeya ke sAtha yaha kahA bhI jA sakatA hai - 'kAvya sauSThava, rasa- yojanA tathA mArmika abhivyaJjanA kI dRSTi se kucha phAgu kAvya bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa haiM / ' 1. 2. 3. 4. navasya rAjJaH surabhervyAvRtasya jagajjaye / puSpa varSacchalAddaNDaM dadatIva vane drumA / / phAgu kAvya-svarUpa, vivecana evaM mUlyAMkana, govinda rajanIza, pRSTha 13 vahI, pRSTha 63 jaina saMskRta kAvyoM meM bhI vasanta ko rAjatva niHsaMkoca diyA gayA hai tathA yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki Rtu kI mAdaka prakRti priya saMgama kI abhilASA utpanna kara detI hai - - apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 3 / zreNika carita, 3.95 pikAkUjitamAkarNya tvaktamAnAgrahA madhau / mRgAkSI zlAghate patye tiSThate zapate drute // zreNika carita, 8.92 apabhraMza aura avahaTTa : eka antaryAtrA, DaoN. zambhUnAtha pANDeya, pRSTha 324 - hindI bhavana vizvabhAratI, zAntiniketana 731 235 pazcima baMgAla -

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 akTUbara 2001-2002 'rAulavela' meM varNita nArI ke vastrAbhUSaNa tathA zrRMgAra prasAdhana - DaoN. harSanandinI bhATiyA uttarakAlIna apabhraMza kI zilAMkita kRti 'rAulavela' bhASA kAvya hai| isa kRti kA racayitA 'roDA' nAmaka kavi hai| yaha zilAlekha mumbaI ke 'prinsa oNfa velsa' myUz2iyama meM isa samaya surakSita hai| prApta sUcanAoM ke anusAra yaha mAlavA ke dhAra nAmaka sthAna se prApta huA thaa| vartamAna meM yaha bhagnAvasthA meM hai aura kucha aMza khaNDita ho cuke haiN| prastuta rUpa meM bhI kucha aMza apAThya haiN| DaoN. harivallabha bhAyANI' evaM DaoN. mAtAprasAda gupta donoM hI vidvAnoM ke anusAra isakA lipikAla IsA kI 11vIM sadI honA caahie| 'rAulavela' rAjakula vilAsa kA apabhraMza rUpa hai| isa kAvya meM kisI sAmanta ke rAula (rAjakula)- rAjabhavana kI ramaNiyoM kA varNana hai, isalie isakA nAma rAjakula vilAsa (rAulavela) rakhA gayA hai| yaha uttara apabhraMzakAlIna grantha hone ke kAraNa adhika mahattvapUrNa hai| sampUrNa zilAlekha eka lalita kAvya hai jisameM chaha pradezoM kI nAyikAoM kA nakha-zikha varNana kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi yaha . eka laghu kAvya hai phira bhI isameM anUpa rUpa aura adbhuta saundarya kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| DaoN. gupta isakA lekha-sthAna 'trikaliMga' mAnate haiN| unakA anumAna hai ki isa kAvya meM prayukta 'Telli' aura 'Telliputu' zabdoM se aisA hI saMketa milatA hai| cU~ki isameM 'gaur3a' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai isa kAraNa DaoN. gupta kA mata hai ki yaha kalacUri vaMza ke adhIna kisI rAjA ke 'gaur3a' sAmanta se sambaddha ho sakatA hai kyoMki trikaliMga usa samaya kalacuriyoM ke adhipatya meM thA aura kalacuri tathA gaur3a eka nahIM hai|

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. apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 DaoN. gupta ke anusAra isa kAvya meM ukta gaur3a sAmanta kI kucha nAyikAoM kA varNana hai| pahalI nAyikA pUrNataH spaSTa nahIM hotI, dUsarI 'haNi' hai, tIsarI 'rAula' nAma kI kSatriya kanyA hai, cauthI 'TikkaNI', pA~cavIM 'gaur3I' aura chaThI koI 'mAlavIyA' hai| prathama pA~ca kA nakha-zikha varNana padya meM hai tathA antima kA varNana gadya meM kiyA gayA hai| vastra prathamataH hama ina nAyikAoM ke vastroM ke viSaya meM vicAra kareM to jJAta hotA hai ki kucha sAdhAraNa kapar3oM kA prayoga hotA thaa| sile hue kapar3oM kA nAmamAtra rUpa meM hai- jaise or3hane kA vstr| usa vastra ke or3hane kA varNana aura or3ha lene para aisA pratIta hotA hai jaise mukha para candramA kI cA~danI bikhara par3I hai| yaha varNana ati mahattvapUrNa hai| prAcIna samaya meM isa prakAra ke varNana yadA-kadA hI dRSTigocara hote haiM aura kama prayoga meM Ate haiM - dhavalara kApar3a or3hiyala kise| bhuha sasi jonha pasArelha jaise|| 'pAraDI' nAmaka eka prakAra kA bahuta mahIna malamala kA kapar3A hai jise pahanakara nAyikA cA~da ke samAna jhilamilAtI hai - pAraDI AMtare, dhaNaharu kisu| sarau-jalaya-vica cA~da jisu|| _ 'seMdUrI' eka dhArIdAra kapar3e kA nAma hai tathA dakSiNa bhArata kA eka mahIna malamala hai jisakI do or3haniyA~ banAI gaI haiN| seMndUrI, soladahI va viuDhaNu tInoM kA varNana eka paMkti meM kara diyA gayA hai - viuDhaNu seMdUrI soladahI kiiji| rUu dekhi tArau saba jaNu khiiji|| nAyikA ke ghAghare kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai jo bahuta gheravAlA hai, jo Aja bhI pracalita hai - pahiraNa ghAgharehiM jo keraa| kachaDA-vachaDA Dahi para itraa| nAyikA ke pahanane kA pramukha vastra 'kaMcukI' hai jisakA varNana aneka sthaloM para aneka nAma se huA hai| mUla zabda kA~cU hI hai kintu aneka rUpoM meM prayukta kiyA gayA hai - kaMcuA-rAtaU kaMcuA ati suThu caoNgau / gADhau vAdha (?) ................... oNgu||

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 kayyU-AdhudhADe thaNahiM jo kyyuuN| sI (i ?) sannAhu aMNagahI naM (hU ?) // koMcU-lAvaoNlAvau kaoNcU rAta (u) koku na pekhatu karai umaatu|| kAMculI sai ra hAna (?) sau (ha) kavi vaha i|| kaMcukI aura ghAgharA pahanane ke uparAnta dupaTTA aura or3haniyoM kA dhyAna AnA svAbhAvika hI hai| paDiha paTI (dupaTTe kA) par3iha ..... lI mAr3hI (A) niku vAnu- jo aithu ghetthaa|| do or3haniyA~ - viuDhaNu - viuDhaNu seMdurI soladahI kiiji|| rUu dekhi tArau sava jaNu khiiji|| - kaMcukI, ghAgharA aura or3hanI hI nahIM nAyikAe~ pATana kI sAr3I bhI zarIra para dhAraNa karatI thiiN| kavi 'pATaNI' kA ullekha karanA bhUlA nahIM - kApaDihi ra karau jA gorI tahi siMdU (?) riu| vesu ja saoNvalI tahi ra pATaNI (hara) i kru|| AbhUSaNa __ vastroM kI bhA~ti rAulavela' meM AbhUSaNoM kA varNana bhI kiyA gayA hai| AbhUSaNoM meM zIza kA AbhUSaNa- TIkA; kAna kA AbhUSaNa- dhaviDavanahaM, kaciDiau, kaMthaDiahi, tADarapAta tathA kanavAsa kA ullekha huA hai| gale ke AbhUSaNoM meM hArU, kaoNThI, jalAkAMThI, ekAvalI, javAdhatAha Adi kA ullekha huA hai| hAtha kA AbhUSaNa cUr3A aura paira kA AbhUSaNa pAhasiyA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| sira ke AbhUSaNa TIhA - caMda-savANA TIha kiyyi|| te muhaM ekkeNa vi mNddijji|| TIkA are are vavara dekhasi na ttiikaa| cA~dahi Upara aiha bhai ttiikaa| vaTulA TIkA kehara (bhAva) i| muhaM sasi ulagaM cAhai nAvai /

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92 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 kAna ke AbhUSaNa vArA (vanavArI)- viNu vanavArAM akSaNa no vaarsi|| buddhi re vaMDiro ApaNi hArasi // dhavaDibanahaM - yaha kAna meM pahanane ke jhumake ke samAna sone kA AbhUSaNa hai| (kAni) hiM dhaDivanahaM ci je rekh|| te cintavaMtahaM Anika oraba // kAMcaDiau - karaDimba anu kAcaDiau kaanhiN| (kAMcar3I) kAI karevau sohahiM aanhiN| kAMDiahi kayyUDiahi sohahiM dui gnn| (kayyaDi) maMDana saMDana Dahi pare anna / (kaM ?) yyUviyyahiM je thaNa diishiN| te nihAli saba vathu uvIsahiM / / tADarapAta - yaha patte ke AkAra kA karNAbharaNa hai - kAnanhu pahirale tADara pAta / / jaNu sohai eva sohare pAta // kanavAsa - kanavAsahIM kAnahI vA ......... vaha karau khUTala vaalu|| gale ke AbhUSaNa hArU- sUtera hArU romAvali kalia (u) jaNi gA~gahi jalu jauNahi miliau|| thaNahara mAjhe jo haarusuteru|| sohanhu savanhu so eku ja ttheu| sUte tarIanhu karau (jo ?) haaru| so dekhi hAranhu bhau avhaaruu|| gale meM 'kAThI' aura 'jAlAkAMThI' pahanane kA ullekha AyA hai - galai pulU kI bhA (vai) kaaNtthii| . kAsu taNi sA harai na di (TThI)

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 jAlAkAMThI - jalAkAMThI galai suhAvai . Anu ki ........... e i tA-kari (e ?) vaha // ekAvali - ekAvali (gala ?) eka bAdhI sai ra isI bhaavi| javAdhatAha - javAdhatAha kAmba-dumahaM (?) AlavAlu jaisI bhaavi|| nAyikAe~ granthita tAgA bhI gale meM pahanatI haiM - gaMThiA-tAgau galehi so bhuusnnu| jo dekhi vaMDiro ko na (?) (mU) jhai jaNu // muktA ke sadRza camakatA huA hAra pahanakara suzobhita hotI thIM - pAse sonA-jAlau kiiji| mottAsara-soha teM hU~ hsiiji|| pro. bhAyANI ne kaMTha ke AbhUSaNoM kA sabhI nAyikAoM kA tulanAtmaka vivaraNa nimna prakAra prastuta kiyA hai - nAyikA tAgu ekAvalI jalAkAMThi kAMThI pulu kI kAMThI jalAlI kaDhI sonA jAlu gaMThiyA tAgau tarIu hArU , cUr3A suta hArA hAtha ke AbhUSaNa hAthoM ke AbhUSaNoM meM sone ke cUr3e kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| na puNu javahIM te hAtha hIM paayhiiN| pai hriA sonA-kerA cuudd'aa| pA~va ke AbhUSaNa . pAhaMsiyA - pAihiM pAhaMsi nirU coNgaa| loNa ci Anika (u) mAr3I oNgaa|| 'rAulavela' meM vastrAbhUSaNoM kA adhika ullekha hai kintu zRMgAra-prasAdhanoM kA ullekha

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94 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 kama hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki usa samaya svAsthya kI dRSTi se hitakara zRMgAra prasAdhana ko hI adhika mahattva diyA jAtA thA isa kAraNa A~kha meM kAjala aura oThoM kI lAlimA kA hI vizeSa pracalana thaa| 'rAulavela' meM ina do zRMgAra prasAdhanoM para adhika bala diyA gayA hai aura ullekha kiyA gayA hai - kAjala - A~khahiM kAjalu taralau dIjau / Achau tuchau phUlu + (Ija) i|| oNkhihiM ra tu rUrau kAjalu dInau kisu|| jaNu cAkhuhu karaiM bhAyai kiyu-nnisu| tamboleM - oThoM ko raMjita karane ke lie tamboleM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai - aha (ru) taMbole maNu-maNu raatu|| soha deha kavi Ana (aatu)|| 'rAulavela' meM varNita ina vibhinna nAyikAoM ke vastrAbhUSaNoM aura zRMgAra prasAdhanoM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki usa samaya AbhUSaNoM ko vizeSa mahattva diyA jAtA thaa| kavi ne nAyikAoM kA varNana karate samaya prayatna kiyA hai ki kucha yathArtha aura camatkAra lAne ke lie usa kSetra vizeSa kI nAyikA ke vastrAbhUSaNa varNana meM usa kSetra kI bhASA kA prayoga ho| 1. 2. bhAratIya vidyA, bhAga 14, aMka 30, pRSTha 130-146 rAuravela, hindI anuzIlana, DaoN. mAtAprasAda gupta, DaoN. dhIrendra varmA abhinandanAMka, 1960 rAulavela, sampAdaka - DaoN. kailAzacanda bhATiyA, takSazilA prakAzana, naI dillI, 1983 ii.| lekha meM diye gaye sabhI uddharaNa ukta pustaka se liye gaye haiN| DaoN. kailAzacandra bhATiyA- rAulavela kI bhASA, bhAratIya sAhitya, akTUbara 1961 (varSa 6 aMka 4) AgarA vizvavidyAlaya, AgarA, pRSTha saMkhyA 101 se 121 zodha aura svAdhyAya, DaoN. harivallabha bhAyAnI, hindI sAhitya akAdamI, gA~dhI nagara, gujarAta, 1996 'nandana' mairisa roDa, alIgar3ha

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 akTUbara 2001-2002 prAkRta tathA apabhraMza granthoM meM ayodhyA - zrI vedaprakAza garga ___ uttara kozala kI ayodhyA nagarI samasta AzcaryoM kA nidhAna, yathA nAma tathA guNa rahI hai- 'sarvAzcarya nidhAnamuttara kauzaleSvayodhyati yathArthAbhidhAnA nagarI' - (kavi dhnpaal)| sarayU nadI ke dakSiNI taTa para sthita ayodhyA kI gaNanA bhArata kI prAcInatama mahAnagariyoM evaM paramapAvana dharma-sthAnoM meM kI jAtI haiN| isa dhArmika nagarI ko mokSadAyinI nagariyoM meM prathama sthAna prApta hai - ayodhyaa-mthuraa-maayaa-kaashii-kaanycii-hyvntikaa| purI-dvArAvatI-caiva-saptaitA mokssdaayikaaH|| prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya meM isa mahAnagarI ayodhyA ke aneka varNana prApta haiN| ayodhyA kI gaNanA dasa prAcIna mahA-rAjadhAniyoM evaM uttarApatha kI pA~ca mahAnagariyoM meM kI gaI hai| bhArata kI isa AdyanagarI kA nirmANa svayaM AdirAja manu ne kiyA thA - kosalo nAma viditaH sphIto janapado mahAn / niviSTaH sarayUtIre prabhUtadhana dhAnyavAn // ayodhyA nAma tatrAsti nagarI loka vishrutaa| manunA mAnavendreNa puraiva nirmitA svayaM // vAlmIki rAmAyaNa, bAlakANDa

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96 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 prAcIna evaM madhyakAlIna sAhitya meM isa nagarI ke aneka nAma milate haiN| yathAayodhyA, sAketa, vinItA, prathamapurI, ikSvAkubhUmi, kozalA, kozalapurI aadi|' yadi dekhA jAe to yaha nagarI hindU, jaina, bauddha Adi sabhI kA sAMskRtika kendra evaM dharmasthalI rahI hai| una sabhI ke dharmAyatana yahA~ para haiN| yaha jainiyoM ke to kaI tIrthaMkaroM kI janmabhUmi hai aura jaina saMskRti kI eka pramukha pratIka hai| ___atharvaveda, vAlmIki rAmAyaNa, raghuvaMza Adi aneka mahAn granthoM meM isa nagarI ke bar3e bhavya varNana prApta hote haiN| isa prakAra saMskRta vAGmaya meM ayodhyA kI jo mahimA hai, vahI prAkRta evaM apabhraMza bhASAoM ke sAhitya meM sulabha hai| eka prakAra se vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki isa pAvana mahAnagarI ke jaise sundara evaM bhaktipUrNa varNana jaina-sAhitya meM milate haiM, vaise anyatra durlabha haiM, kyoMki jaina matAvalambiyoM ke anusAra RSabhadeva jI Adi pA~ca tIrthaMkaroM kI janma-sthalI hai aura unake tIrthaMkaroM meM se 22 ikSvAkuvaMzI the| ayodhyA ko hI ikSvAkuvaMziyoM kI rAjadhAnI kahalAne kA gaurava prApta hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki anya nagariyoM kI apekSA ayodhyA ko jainoM ne adhika mahattva diyA hai - nAgapuraM sAeyA sAvatthI taha ya hoi kosmbii| poyaNapura sIhapuraM selapuraM ceva kosambI / / puNaravi poyaNapuraM imANi nayarANi vAsudevANa / AsI kameNa parabhave surapura sari sAI svvaaiN|| arthAt nau vAsudevoM kI sAta nagariyA~ haiM, jinakA krama se ullekha huA hai| ye sabhI nagara . svargaloka ke sadRza mAne gae haiN| AcArya yativRSabha ne tiloyapaNNatti (a. 4, gAthA 526, 27, 29, 30 va 39) meM 'jAdo hu avajjhAe usaho' Adi gAthAoM dvArA sUcita kiyA hai ki ayodhyA nagarI meM AdinAtha RSabhadeva kA janma huA thaa| isI prakAra sAketa meM ajitanAtha kAsAkede ajiya jiNo, abhinandananAtha kA- sAkedeNaMdaNo jAyo, sumatinAtha kA- sumaI sAkeda purammi aura anantanAtha kA- aNaMto sAkeda pure jAyo janma huA thaa| vimalasUri ne apane paumacariu meM sAketapurI kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai - sAeapuravarIe egante nAbhi-nandaNo bhyvN| ciTThai susaMgha sahio tAva ya bharaho smnnuptto|| (4.68) arthAt sAketa nAma kI zreSTha nagarI ke ekAnta meM mahArAja nAbhi ke suputra (bhagavAn) RSabha apane saMgha ke sAtha rahe taba bharata vahA~ aaye| yadi dekhA jAe to sAketa kI ati prAcIna paramparA prAkRta vAGmaya meM sulabha hai| vimalasUri, AcArya jinasena Adi ne isa nagarI ke bar3e bhavya varNana kie haiN| 'caupannamahA purisa cariyaM' meM ayodhyA kA varNana dRSTavya hai -

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97 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 'atthi iheva jabuMdIvedIpe bhArahavAse, bhaujjhA NAma NayarI sayalaNayara guNokeyA / tIe ya dasaraho NAma mahArAyA parivasai / ' arthAt isI jambU nAmaka dvIpa meM bhAratavarSa meM ayodhyA nAma kI nagarI sabhI nagaraguNoM se yukta hai| usameM dazaratha nAma kA mahArAjA rahatA hai| - isa prakAra ayodhyA athavA sAketa eka anAdi nagarI ke rUpa meM pratiSThA pAtI rahI hai| 'abhidhAna-rAjendrakoza' meM ayodhyA -kalpa se uddhRta ayodhyA kA ullekha isa rUpa meM hai 'aujjhAe egahiThayAiM jahA aujjhA avajjhA kosalA viNIyA sAkeyaM ikkhAgu- bhUmI rAmapurI / ' arthAt ayodhyA ke nAma isa prakAra haiM 6 - 8 ayodhyA, avadhyA, kosalA, vinItA, sAketa, ikSvAkubhUmi aura raampurii| ukta nAmoM meM 'vinItA'' jainoM kA diyA huA nAma hai| 'ayodhyA' vIratA sUcaka hai kyoMki koI bhI zatru usake viruddha yuddha karane kA sAhasa nahIM kara sakatA thA / avadhyA nAma usakI ahiMsAvRtti kA 1. sUcaka hai, jahA~ koI jIvavadhya nahIM mAnA jaataa| kosalA, kosala janapada ke kAraNa hai aura sAketa' vaikuNTha loka kA bhI nAma hone se avatAravAda kA sUcaka rahA hai| ikSvAkubhUmi se rAjavaMza kA saMketa milatA aura rAmapurI" vaiSNavoM kA vizeSa priya nAma hai, jo rAma-bhakti kI purAtana paramparA ko pramANita karatA hai / Age isa nagarI ko sarayU taTa para sthita batAyA gayA hai| 'esA purI aujjhA, saraujalAbhisiccamANa- gaDha-bhittI / ' arthAt yaha ayodhyA vaha nagarI hai, jisake durgoM kI dIvAreM sarayU nadI ke jala se siMcatI rahatI haiN| 'ayodhyA kalpa' meM yaha bhI ullekha hai 'sarau naIe - uttara disAe bArasahiM joaNehiM aTThAvaya-tarAvaro... / ' * arthAt sarayU nadI kI uttara dizA meM bAraha yojana para aSTApada" nAma kA parvata hai / ataH isa tathya kI khoja kI jAnI cAhie ki kyA itanI dUrI para aisA koI sthAna hai ? - prAkRta kI apekSA apabhraMza ke kAvyoM meM ayodhyA kA vizeSa ullekha milatA hai / mahAkavi svayaMbhU ne 'paumacariu' meM isa nagarI kA bar3e vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| unhoMne Arambha meM bharata dvArA digvijaya kara ayodhyA meM lauTane kA citraNa isa prakAra kiyA hai - saTThihu~ varisa sahAsahiM puNNa jayAsahiM bharahu aujjha paIsarai / Nava- Nisiyara-dhArau kalaha - piyArau cakkarayaNu Na paIsarai // 4.1 arthAt sATha haz2Ara varSoM ke bAda vijaya kI pUrNa AzAvAle bharata ayodhyA ko lautte| parantu dvitIyA ke candra ke samAna, dhAravAlA yuddha-priya zreSTha cakra ayodhyA meM praveza nahIM kara rahA thaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki yahA~ bAhubalI para vijaya na pAne ke kAraNa bharata kI digvijaya

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98 apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 yAtrA adhUrI raha gaI hai, isa ora saMketa hai| isa nagarI kA mohaka varNana karate hue mahAkavi svayaMbhU ne likhA hai - dhUvanta-dhavala-dhayavaDa-pauru / pie pekkhu aujjhAuri Nayaru // 78.20.8 laGkA se lauTate hue vimAna para se sItA ko sambodhita kara zrIrAma kahate haiM ki- 'he priye ! ayodhyA nagara ko dekho, jisameM pracura dhavala patAkAe~ phaharA rahI haiN| yahA~ rAma ke svAgata hetu lajAI huI ayodhyA kA varNana hai| lavaNAsura ko mArane ke lie zatrughna kI yAtrA ke varNana meM ayodhyA kA nAma AyA sAmantahaM lakkheM priyriu| sattuhaNu aujjhahe nniisriu|| 80.5.5 arthAt eka lAkha sAmantoM se ghire hue zatrughna ayodhyA se nikle| vaise to svayabhU rAmAyaNa meM ayodhyA kA prabhUta varNana hai aura una sabhI kA ullekha isa choTe se lekha meM kiyA jAnA sambhava bhI nahIM hai| ata: unameM se eka-do kA ullekha aura kiyA jA rahA hai - tahiM je aujjhahiM vahave kaaleN| ucchaNNe nnrvr-tru-jaaleN| vimalekkhukka-vaMsa uppnnnnu| dharaNIdharu suruuv-sNpnnnnu|| 5.1.1-2 arthAt usI ayodhyA meM bahuta samaya ke pazcAt zreSTha puruSarUpI vRkSa-samUha jaba ucchinna huA taba nirmala ikSvAku vaMza meM saundarya-sampanna eka rAjA utpanna huaa| Age usI rAjA kI vaMza-paramparA kA ullekha hai - suNu akkhami rhuvNs-phaannu| dasarahu atthi aujjhaheM raannu|| tAsu putta hosanti dhurandhara / vAsueva-balaeva dhaNuddhara // 21.1.2-3 arthAt raghuvaMza meM pradhAna dazaratha ayodhyA ke rAjA haiM, unake dhurandhara dhanurdhara putra vAsudeva evaM baladeva hoNge| isa prakAra dekhA jAe to ayodhyA nagarI atyanta prAcInakAla se purANoM meM varNita rahI

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apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 hai| vAlmIki kI rAmAyaNa meM isa nagarI kI jo mahimA hai, vaha prAkRta aura apabhraMza ke vAGmaya meM bhI surakSita hai| prAkRta prApara nemsa, pRSTha 3 saM. mehatA evaM candrA, ye nAma vibhinna kAraNoM se rakhe gae pratIta hote haiN| jaina mAnyatAnusAra ayodhyA Adi tIrtha evaM Adi nagara hai| yahA~ 7 kulakaroM tathA RSabhadeva Adi 5 tIrthaMkaroM evaM mahAvIra svAmI ke naveM gaNadhara 'acala bhrAtA' (ayalo ca kosalAe kosalA nAma ayojjhA .......... / ) kA janma huA thaa| isIlie isa nagarI ko jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM mAnyatA milii| 'aSTa cakrAnava dvArA devAnAM puuryodhyaa| tasyAM hiraNyamayakoSaH svrgjyotissaavRtH||' (atharvaveda, dazama skandha) - yaha devatAoM kI nagarI jo ATha cakra aura nau dvAroM se zobhita hai, jisakA svarga ke samAna hiraNyamaya koza divya jyoti se AvRta hai| 'rudrayAmala' grantha meM isa nagarI ko viSNu jI kA mastaka batAyA gayA hai aura vaziSTha saMhitA' meM ise cinmaya (anAdi) kahakara isake ATha nAma ginAye gaye haiN| padmapurANa, AcArya raviSeNa, 20.169.170 jaina-sAhitya meM ayodhyA aura sAketa ina donoM ko eka hI nagara mAnA gayA hai| haribhadrasUri kRta 'samarAiccakahA' meM ukta donoM nAmoM se isa mahAnagarI kA ullekha huA hai| 'Avazyaka niyukti' (dIpikA, pRSTha 59) ke anusAra yahA~ ke nivAsI atyanta vinamra svabhAva ke the arthAt vinIta evaM sabhyajanoM kA nivAsa hone ke kAraNa isakA 'vinItA' nAma pdd'aa| 'tataH indra Aha sAdhu vinItAH puruSAH ......... / ' ukta nAmoM meM 'avajjhA' kA adhika mahattva hai, kyoMki isI se hindI kA 'avadha' banA hai| yadyapi avadha arvAcIna zabda hai, phira bhI 'avadha' se use tatsama mAnA jA sakatA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki jahA~ jIvoM kA vadha na hotA ho, vaha bhUmi avadha hai| yahA~ ke nivAsI apane-apane kAryoM meM kuzala the, ata: yaha nagarI 'kuzalA' nAma se prasiddha huii| vaha nagarI aneka bhavya bhavanoM se suzobhita thI, jisakI U~cI phaharAtI huI dhvajAe~ svargaloka ke bhavanoM ko Amantrita karatI pratIta hotI thiiN| ata: usakA 'sAketa' nAma pdd'aa|

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100 10. apabhraMza bhAratI 13-14 ayodhyA ikvAkSuvaMza ke rAjAoM kI rAjadhAnI rahI hai, vaha Age calakara rAma kI purI bana gaI, jo bhagavAn rAma ke sambandha kA smaraNa karAtI hai| rAmabhakti ke sAtha sarayU evaM ayodhyA kA utkarSa uttarottara bar3hatA rahA hai| ghaghgharadaha (ghAgharA) evaM sarayU ke saMgama para svarga-dvAra hone ke ullekha milatA hai, jo vastutaH yahA~ kA eka prAcIna aura prasiddha ghATa hai| gAhar3avAla zAsaka candradeva (saM. 1142-1156 vi.) ke candrAvatI dAna-patra meM bhI isakA ullekha milatA hai| epi-grAphiyA iNDikA, jilda -14, pRSTha 194 tathA aage| 'aSTApada parvata' para RSabhadeva ke vihAra karane (Avazyaka niyukti-338; Avazya cUrNi, pUrva bhAga, 209), nirvANa prApta karane (Avazyaka niyukti-435) tathA vahA~ unake putra bharata dvArA caityoM ke nirmANa karAne kA vivaraNa prAcIna jaina-sAhitya meM prApta hotA hai (Avazyaka cUrNI, pUrva bhAga, pRSTha 223) / 11. 14, khaTIkAna, mujaphpharanagara 251 002 (u.pra.)

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