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THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY
[May, 1915
absolutely much in the same way as the Old Western Rajasthani adverbial participle. A positive testimony to the correctness of my derivation, is in the following Old Western Rajasthani adverbial phrase, in which the adverbial participle is made to agree with a plural genitive :
tumha jamâi chat: " You being (my) son-in-law " (P. 357). Cf. also : majha-rahal bolatd hata tamhe sabhalait "mama vadatah yûyam çrņuta" (Dac. v).
Another testimony is in the very form bolatd hatd occurring in the example above, where we notice the same pleonastic use of hitai, that has been shown to be common after the present participle ( $ 122). Cl. also jott hadd occurring in Adi o.
The adverbial participle is frequently used idiomatically in connection with adjectives having the general meaning of " difficult ". Ex.:
minu yapanari pamatd dohilai "The human condition is diffioult to be attained" (Dd. 1).
teha-naf virati avata dohili chaï "To him disgust is difficult to come" (şast. 8).
$125. With the present participle compound tenses are formed, as in most of the cognate vernaculars. I have noticed the following:
PRESENT: näsata chal "[They ) are flying away " (Kal. 9). savih 7-8 il vada karitari chaï "Keeps quarrelling with everybody" (Up. 131). udega pamatu nathi "[He] does not get anxious" (Dac. v, 90). ráti divasa rahi jhurati" (She) is keeping grieving day and night " (F 783, 59). nirantara rudana karati rahai" (She) is keeping crying incessantly" (Adi C.).
With the two last examples of the so-called continuatives of Hindi (Kellogg's Hindi Gr., $$ 442, 754 d.
FUTURE: máhard samsariy! avatå husii "My relatives will be coming (here] ” (Up. 167).
PAST: nakhatari gayai "[He] threw away" (Dd. 5). sangrahatau gayai "[He] picked up" (Ibid.). joto havo (for jotail havait) " (He) took to consider" (Karmaputrakatha, 38 25)." púchati havi“ (She) asked” (Ditto, 16). bolatâ hava "[They] said " (Ditto, 43).
The tengo evidenced by the three last examples exactly corresponds to the so-called "inceptive imperfect" of Braia and Old Baiswarî, for which see Kellogg, Op. cit., $$ 491, 550.
IMPERFECT : jatai thaü "He was going" (P. 70). kiht jati hati “Where wast thou going ?" (P. 301). je úpârjið hitau karma (Up. 167), see $ 113.
$126. I shall group Old Western Rajasthani past participles under four heads according to their terminations and origin.
(1) Past participles ending in iu, (yu); (iai), yaü. This is by far the widest class in Old Western Rajasthani. Theo iu termination is from Apabhramça i < Skt.
itah, and in the early period of the language this is the ruling termination. Its 'strong form iaü ( < Skt. itakaḥ) is of very rare occurrence, except under the form yaü, which seems at first to have been used only after vocal roots, though subsequently
38 This refers to a MS. in the Kgl. Bibliothek of Berlin (Weber 1977), containing a comparatively recent commentary on the Kummd puttakahd, written in a slightly anti quated form of Gujarati,
