________________
JUNE, 1915] NOTES ON THE GRAMMAR OF THE OLD WESTERN RAJASTHANI 119
NOTES ON THE GRAMMAR OF THE OLD WESTERN RAJASTHANI WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO APABHRAMÇA AND
TO GUJARATI AND MARWARI. BY DR. L. P. TESSITORI, UDINE, ITALY. (Continued from p. 105.)
The clue to the right explanation is given by the absolute construction of the past participle, which has been dealt with under § 128, (2). Past participles used absolutely in the locative case are very frequent in Apabhramça. The same practice has been retained by the Old Western Râjasthânî and by most of the cognate vernaculars. It is from such locative absolute participles that the Old Western Rajasthânî conjunctive participle in i has derived, through i-i being contracted into 'i, much in the same way as in the case of instrumental forms in ° (See §§ 10, (3), 53, 59). Thus from kari-i (the locative from kariu), the conjunctive participle kari was originated, 41
By comparing the examples of absolute locative past participles given under § 128, (2), with the examples of conjunctive participles given under the present head, one cannot fail to notice that the latter are formed from past participles iniu, whereas the former are formed either from past participles in yaü or from past participles in au that are not derived from the stem of the present. This possibly explains why the ones were contracted into oi and the others were not, ii possessing a stronger tendency towards contraction than aï. Thus, in the following examples from Adi C., ii, to avoid contraction, was turned into aï:
0
pacaï âhâra karaü "Having cooked, eat!" (p. Sb).
varasa pûraï thayaï " An year having been completed" (p. 106).
(Cf. the case of singular feminine locatives and instrumentals in aï (from ° ii), like mugatai from mugati, vidhaï from idhi, etc.).
The correctness of my view is further corroborated:
(1) By the locative postpositions naï, karî (from kari-i) being added to the conjunctive participle, a fact which cannot be explained unless by admitting that the latter is also a locative form. It is noteworthy that in some modern vernaculars the entire form kanaï (from which, according to my derivation (§ 71, (2), naï is a curtailment) has survived as an appendage to the conjunctive participle. Cf. Mewâri -kne (Kellogg, Hindi Grammar, § 498), Baghelkhandî kanai and Naipâlî kana;
(2) By the analogy of the cognate vernaculars, which also use the past participle absolutely to give the meaning of the conjunctive participle. To confine myself to a single but very comprehensive case, I may cite the example of Hindi, where absolute participles inflected in e (<a-i <a-hi, possibly a locative) are common enough. A number of illustrations will be found in Kellogg's Hindi Grammar, § 754 (2). In the Old Baiswârî of Tulasi Dâsa, such absolute participles are very frequent and they are used exactly in the same function of the conjunctive participle of Modern Hindi. Take the following examples:
kachuka kála bite saba bhas | bade bhaye "A short time having elapsed, all the brothers grew big" (Râmacaritamânasa, i; 203).
41 In some few cases, the Old Western Rajasthani conjunctive participle might be traced back to an original instrumental as well, and all the more so as the instrumental is on the whole identical in form with the locative. Cf. the following passage from Dag. v:
kisai karami -kart majha rahai e phala haya "kim kṛtvå mame' dam phalam jâtam?"
