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160
THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY
JULY, 1915)
any root. Before the av affix, a radical long vowel of the Old Western Rajasthani is generally, though not always, shortened. Ex.:
ūpavai “ Causes to give” (P. 656), from apai" Gives" bölâvai “Calls" (P. 342), from bolai "Speaks" minavaï " Causes to obey" (Dd. 6), from manai " Obeys" lyávaï " Brings" (Adic.), from lii " Takes ", etc.
Occasionally, and chiefly with verbs having a radical long vowel, the shortened forn. av of the affix is used instead of av, and the radical vowel is allowed to remain long. Ex.:
vinavaï "Informs" (P. 348) [< Ap. viņnăvai < Skt. vijfapayati] påthavai “Despatches" (P. 445) bholavai “Cajoles" (P. 409) mêlavai “Brings together" (P. 339) sikhavaż "Instructs" (Dac. ix) 80savai "Dries up” (P. 546).
This is by no means a peculiarity of the Old Western Rajasthani, but is widely spread in both Prakrit and Apa bhramca. Take only the following examples from Hemacandra, being the Prakrit originals of four of the Old Western Rajasthani verbs given above :
patthavai Siddh, iv, 37 vinnavaï Siddh, iv, 38 mêlavai Siddh, iv, 28 80savai Siddh, iii, 150.
In the Old Western Rajasthani, as already in the Apabhra yça, the same av affix is used to derive denominatives (see $ 142), which sometimes makes it difficult to decide whether a form in -avaï is to be considered as a causal or denominative.
(3) Causals formed by the affixes : ad, dr, (). The existence of the first affix may be traced back to the Prakrit, as it occurs in the verb bhamddai, recorded by Hemacandra, sútra iv, 30 of his Siddh., and in two or three others. I have no difficulty to explain d as a mere euphonic or pleonastic element inserted in the place of usual v to avoid contraction of the a of the causal root with the termination, and therefore practically bearing an analogy to the pleonastic affix, which is dealt with under 146.
The two other affixes ar and al are obviously derived from ad (Cf. 29). Examples are :
(a) in ad : údadaï " Causes to fly " Dd. 10 jagadaï " Awakes (trans.) ”Dac. nasadai "Puts to flight” Kal. 16, P. 587, Indr. 67 dekhádai “Shows" P. 317, 393, Ratn. 108, Yog. iv, 40, Çrâ., D., F 715 baisadai “Causes to sit" Adi C. pamádai "Causes to obtain, prooures" Dac. lagadai "Applies" çrå.
(6) in ár: ghatárai “Lessens (trans.) ” Adi C. divarai “Causus to give " Vi. 60 baisarai " Causes to sit ” Dac. iv, F 715, ii, 11, Ådi C. livárai " Causes to take " Up. 182 suarai “Causes to sleep " Dac. iv
