________________
JULY, 19151 NOTES ON THE GRAMMAR OF THE OLD WESTERN RAJASTHANI
159
timber 'centres,' ladders, and many things which he looks on as a matter of course and as absolute necessities."
In Turkey similar methods are, or were, used. Eton 2 over a oentury ago described the practice there. Instead of a knotted rope, two poles were used, pivoted at the centre of the dome, the shorter describing the interior surface, the longer one the exterior. No scaffolding whatever was used, except at the extreme apex of the dome.
The only instance of the use of this method in the West, so far as I know, is at Malta, where the great domo of the church at Mousta was constructed in this fashion about fifty years ago. Stone is the material employed, and the whole work was carried out by the local master-mason, Angelo Gatt. It was he who insisted on building the dome without scaffolding, and showed how it could be done by simply notching each course on to the one below. As this dome is over 120 feet in diameter, it might well be called one of the most remarkable in the world.93
As an example of the most extreme form of this style of dome I may cite the dome of the shrine of Imâm al Horr at Kerbela, (Plate V, E), and of the mosque ut Teheran (Plate V, F.)
To sum up. Persian domes may be divided into three groups :
1st:--The pre-Muhammadan domes of elliptical shape, which we see at Firûzâbâd and Sarvistân.
2nd The domes of the Muhammadan period down to 1400, which, gradually changing from the earlier style become pointed, the dome at Sultânieh being the finest example.
3rd -The double dome introduced by Timûr after his stay at Damascus, which though only of very slightly swelling outline for three centuries, gradually became fuller about 1700, a tendency which culminated in the course of the last hundred years, till it attained at Shiraz an extremely bulbous form.
Note.--In addition to acknowledgments already made in the text, I am also indebted to M. le colonel Dieulafoy for permission to use photographs, and to Sir Coloridge Kennard, Bart., for Plate II., E and F. As part of the above Paper has appeared in the Burlington Magazine, I must thank the Editors for permission to make use of it..
NOTES ON THE GRAMMAR OF THE OLD WESTERN RAJASTRANT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO APABHRAMCA AND
TO GUJRATI AND MARWARI. BY DR. L. P. TESSITORI, UDINE, ITALY,
(Continued from p. 128.) marar "Kills" (F 783, 74), from maraï " Dies" mêlai "Brings together" (P. 338), from milai" Meets ", eto.
2. Causals formed by adding to the root the causative affix av, from Apabhramot ava, ave < Sanskrit &-pay. In the last language, the affix proper is pay, and á is the terminal vowel of the roots in a, to which the use of the afore-said affix is oonfined. Prakerit and Apabhramça take apay as a general affix and employ it to derive causals from
* Eton (W), Survey of the Turbish Empire, London, 1798, p. 229.
Fergusson, Modern Styles, I, pp. 46-47..
