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JUNA, 1016) NOTES ON THE GRAMMAR OF THE OLD WESTERN RAJASTHANI 121
I need spend nu words to show that the infinitive in -ival is but the neuter of the gerundive, used substantively. It is infleoted into -ival in the instrumental, -iva in the oblique-genitive, and ivai in, the locative case, and instances are also found of its being inflected in the plural accusative and instrumental.
Examples of the various cases are : Nom. SING. : pâchai valivaŭ "To turn back” (Dag. iv) data-na dhoivul "The cleaning of the teeth” (Ibid., iii, 3). INSTR. SING.: avar avâda bolaval "By speaking ill of " (Adi. 45), sdcai jāmivat kari" çuddha-jõânena" (şast. 68). GEN.-OBL. SING. (governed by postpositions): ga nivå-tanal karani naht samartha hui" Is not able to number" (Kal. 3) råtri jimava-tu "In consequence of eating by night" (Yog. iii, 67) teha-mahi avivd-ni anujni " Permission to enter therein " (Fra.) dekhava-nimattaf" In order to see” (Dd. 7) khaiva-ni vicha “Desire of eating" (Adi C.) Loc. SING.: kriya karivai " In doing an action " (Mu.)
artha-nai dharivai tapa nirarthaka thai "When property is kept, penance becomes unfruitful" (Up. 51) .
Aoc. PLUR. : çikhya -na devd sahaf "They bear instruction-impartings [by others] ” (Ibid. 154).
INSTR. PLUR. : ehve kareve tapa jâi " By such doings, penance is destroyed ” (Ibid., 115),
aneka vikatha'dika-ne bolave" By several ways of talking, such as improper speech, etc." (Ibid., 224).
Besides being used in connection with postpositions, as shown above, the genitive oblique form in -ivd is also commonly employed as an object to verbs like lâgavau, devau, pamavad, vachaval to form inchoatives, permissives, acquisitives and desideratives. Examples :
INCHOATIVE: ghara på leva laga" [They] began to demolish the building" (Kanh. 96), cttaviva lagai “ He) began to reflect" (Adi C.)
PERMISSIVE: svami bhavya-jiva-nai dharma-thaki cákavá na dit « The Lord does not allow the pious to deviate from religion" (Fra.)
ACQUISITIVE : païsivá na pamal "(He) cannot obtain entrance" (Dd. 1) câlava ko navi lahi “No one can succeed in walking" (Rs. 2) DESIDERATIVE : olhavava vichaï "Wishes to extinguish " (Yog. ii, 82) Jipavâ vichai." Wishes to conquer" (Vog. iii, 134)12
In the following passage from Çil. 107, the genitive-oblique form in -iva is also used to form the potential :
bhajivá na sakai “ Cannot break."
According to the statement in the Mu. (Grierson's L. 8. I., Vol. ix, Pt. ii, p. 362) - which in the same is not evidenced by any example, however, the genitive-oblique form in -ivá may be used as an infinitive of purpose. Instances thereof are frequent enough in Old Western Rajasthani texts. Let me quote but a few ones, chiefly from P.:
að being substituted for the genitive-oblique
* Daç. v an instance occurs of the accusative in form in iod, to wit:
marina na vcho "[They] do not wish to die".
