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120
THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY
saraya cuke puni kâ pachitâne "Once the proper time is over, what is the use of regretting?" (Ibid., i, 261);
[JUNE, 1915
(5) By the evidence of such Naipâlî conjunctive participles as gai (-kana) from jânu "To go," and bhai (-kana) from hunu "To be " (Kellogg, Op. cit., § 521), which afford the most positive proof, if possible, that the conjunctive participle is originally formed from the past participle and not from the verbal root.
§ 132. The conjunctive participle is used in combination with verbs like sakavau "To be able," jâva "To go," nakhavau "To throw away," rahavad "To remain," etc., to form potentials and intensives. Such a construction of the conjunctive participle is common to most of the Neo-Indian vernaculars and, in the case of potentials, it can be traced as back as the Prakrit, sundry instances of potentials with the conjunctive participle in ûna occurring in the Jaina Mâhârâstri of Dharmadâsa's Uvacsamâlâ. To account for the Old Western Rajasthânî employing the conjunctive participle in (an original locative) in this connection, we need but refer to the Sanskrit, where the verb Vçak is very frequently construed with verbal nouns in the locative.
Examples of potentials are:
navi nisari sakai "Cannot come out " (P. 53)
hal kima jai sakau "How could I go " (P. 501)
boli na sakaï Cannot speak" (Yog. iii, 70)
sakii âgi nivâri "Fire can be averted" (Indr. 9), in which last example sakavau is used passively exactly like çakyate in Sanskrit.
Examples of intensives are:
trâți jâi "Goes to pieces" (Bh. 74)
aneka varasa vahî gaya "Many years passed away" (Dd. 5)
te chidra mili gayai "The hole close up" (Dd. 8)
diso-disaî ûḍâli nakhyaü "Was blown up into all directions" (Dd. 9)
joi rahiu "Remained looking on " (P. 289)
ekendri saghala loka-māhi vyâpi rahyâ chai" Ekendriyas are spread over all the worlds" ( 602, 1)
§ 133. The gerundive is formed by adding to the verbal root the termination - ivai > -uvai. Apabhrança has - evvai, -ievvai and possibly also * - evaü (cf. - evâ), from Sanskrit - eyyakaḥ (See Pischel's Prakr. Gramm., §§ 254, 570). It is a real participium necessitatis and is used like an adjective in agreement with the subject. Examples are:
eka karivai upaya "A means must be adopted" (P. 18)
mâhurai aparâdha khamivai "Let my offence be forgiven" (Adi C.) himsâ na karavi " Injury should not be done" (Yog. ii, 21)
aneri kalatra varjavi " Another's wife should be avoided (Ibid., ii, 76) asatyapani cha liv "Falsehood is to be abandoned" (Ibid., ii, 56) yatna karivi "One must strive" (Indr. 4)
te dhîra subhata janivá "They are to be regarded as strong warriors" (Ibid., 44)
In poetry -évai is often written for -ivai; as in:
kaia karêv[a] "One should act" (P. 96)
thami dharêvâ be-u "Both should be kept at their [proper] place" (Ibid., 105).
§ 134. The infinitive is formed in two different ways in Old Western Rajasthânî,
viz.: (1) by the termination -ivat > -ava; (2) by the termination -ana.
