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104 .
THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY
sosa karyał syu thâya "By grieving what profit is made?" (F 535, iv, 7).
In the last of the examples above, one would be at a loss to decide whether karyal is a form in the locative or rather in the instrumental. Of the plural genitive form I have noticed the instances following:
rahijyo baitha ghari "Remain sitting in the house!" (P. 296).
hu aviu hutai rotă sunt "I have come, from having heard [you] crying" (P. 535)
natha jaya "[They] are flying away" (Kânh. 49)
âgi samipi rahya "Fire being near" (Indr. 42)
yauvana-nai visai rahy While in the young age" (Indr. 98).
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It is unnecessary to remark that here also-like in the case of the so-called adverbial present participle (§ 124) is contracted from Apabhramça aha (aha), the plural genitive termination. From the analogy with the adverbial present participles, we might call these absolute genitive forms adverbial past participles. These also have survived in both Modern Gujarati and Mârwârî.
giu hutai" Gone" (v, 2).
Incensed."
[MAY, 1915
§ 129. When used as an adjective, the past participle is very frequently followed by hatai, the present participle of the auxiliary verb. (Cf. the analogous case of the present participle, § 122).
Take the two examples following, both from Daç.:
ruthai hatai
Instead of hutai, thakai (thikai) is also found; as in: baithi thaki "Being seated" fem. (Adi C.)
harsiu thikai" Glad" (Up. 6).
For an analogous employment of thakkiu in Apabhramça, see Prâkṛtapaingala, i, 190. In the two following passages from P., the past participle is used with rahaï in much the same way as the so-called continuatives of Hindi (Cf. Kellogg's Hindi Grammar, §§ 442, 754, d):
âja svâmi sahu bhukhya rahaï "To-day, O Sir, all are hungry" (P. 483)
anaboliu rahiu "[He] remained silent" (P. 484).
Examples of past participles used as substantives are:
kahit navi kariй "[You] have not done what [I] had told [you]" (P. 551). jai kahiu karai "If [you will] do what I am going to tell [you]" (P. 552).
$130. From the past participle the following compound tenses are evidenced: PERFECT: âviu chi iha "I have come here" (P. 417).
nidrâ-vasi hui chai bâla, "The girl has been overcome by sleep" (P. 341).
âvya chi amhe "We have come" (Ratn. 175).
mikya chi" [They] have been abandoned" (Yog. iv, 119). âgai vakhâni chaï "It is described further on" (Crâ.) loka bhelâ thaya chai "People have assembled " (Adi C.). PLUPERFECT: kahin tau" It had been said" (P. 681)
kahya hatâ tehavâ te karyâ "He made them such as they had been told" (P. 37)
je vrahmana samghâtai atavi laghi hati "The brahman in whose company [he] had crossed the forest" (Dd. 6)..
gaya hatâ "[They] had gone" (Adi C.).
PAST CONDITIONAL: âja-layal ha âcârya huu hoyata, jaï kimha-i na sidhu-yogya dik â-nat visai ramiu hoyata "By this time I would have become a preceptor, if I had taken any pleasure in the initiation which is fit for the holy men" (Daç. xi, 8).
