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APRIL, 1879.]
PERIPLUS OF THE ERYTHRÆAN SEA.
115
the marts of Apologos and Omana to Barugaza 1 (36). By Arabian wine may perhaps be meant palm or toddy wine, a great article of commerce.
33. Opakos ALOOTTONTIKTS Xulós--the juice of the sour grape of Diospolis. Exported from Egypt to Aualitês (7). This, says Vincent, was the dipse of the Orientals, and still used as a relish all over the East. Dipse is the rob of grapes in their unripe state, and a pleasant acid. II. 751. This juice is called by Dioskoridés (iv. 7) in one word Ompákuov, and also (v. 12) 'oivos "Ouparíms. Cf. Plin. xii. 27.
34 Opuša (Sansk. ortha)-Rice. Produced in Oraia and Ariakê (37, 41), exported from Barugaza to the Barbarine markets (14), and to the island of Dioskoridês (31).
35. létrepe (Sansk. pippalt) long pepper-Pep- per. Kottonarik pepper exported in large quantities from Mouziris and Nelkunda (56); long pepper from Barugaza (49). Kottonara was the name of the district, and Kottonariton the name of the pepper for which the district was famous. Dr. Buchanan identifies Kottonara with Kadattanádu, a district in the Calicut country celebrated for its pepper. Dr. Burnell, however, identifies it with Kolatta-Nadu, the district about Tellicherry, which, he says, is the pepper district.
36. Ilupos-Wheat. Exported in small quantity from Egypt to Kanê (28), some grown in the district around Mouza (24).
37. Zákxap-Sugar: see under M .
38. Savðapann-Sandarakê (chandrasa of the bazars) ; & resin from the Thuja articulata or Callitris quadrivalvis, & small coniferous tree of North Africa; it is of a faint aromatic smell and is used as intense. Exported from Egypt to Barugaza (49); conveyed to Mouziris and Nelkunda (56)."
Sandarako also is a red pigment-red sulphuret of arsenic, as orpiment is the yellow sulphuret. Cf. Plin. xxxv. 22, Hard. “Juba informs us that sandarace and ochre are found in an island of the Red Sea, Topazas, whence they are brought to
40. Enerápivov Tatov. See "Eacov.
41. E.vdoves & apopáratai ai rayyntikal. The finest Bengal muslins exported from the Ganges (63); other muslins in Taprobanê (61); Mapyapírides (®), made at Argalou and thence exported (59); muslins of all sorts and mallow-tinted (uolóxiva:) sent from Ozône to Barugaza (48), exported thence to Arabia for the supply of the market at Adouli (6).
42. Eiros---Corn. Exported from Egypt to Adouli (7), Malaô (8); a little to Mouza (24), and to Kanê (28), and to Muziris and Nelkunda for ships' stores (56); exported from Dimuriko and Ariake into the Barbarine markets (14), into Moskha (32) and the island of Dioskoridês (81); exported also from Mouza to the ports of Azania for presents (17).
43. Enúpvn-Myrrh (vide púpov). Exported from Malaô, Moundou, Mossulon (8, 9, 10); from Aualités A small quantity of the best quality (7); a choice sort that trickles in drops, called Abeirminaia (ÖRNEKTKAT OTakri áBeppevala), exported from Mouza (24). For 'ABetpevala of the MS. Müller suggests to read γαβειρμιναία, inclining to think that two kinds of myrrh are indicated, the names of which have been erroneously combined into one, viz. the Gabiræan and Minwan, which are mentioned by Dioskoridês, Hippokrates, and Galen. There is a Wadi Gabir in Omân.
44. Erúpaf-Storax (Sans. turuska, selarasa of the baxars),-one of the balsams. Exported from Egypt to Kanê (28), Barbarikon on the Indus (39), Barugaza (40). Storax is the produce of the tree Liquidambar orientale, which grows in the south of Europe and the Levant. The purest kind is storax in grains. Another kind is called styrax calamita, from being brought in masses wrapped up in the leaves of a certain reed. Another kind, that sold in shops, is semi-fluid.
45. Doine-the Palm or Dates. Exported from the marts of Apologos and Omana to Barugaza (36, 37). IV.-Metals and Metallic Articles :
1. Apyupa keun, åpyupásuara-Vessels of silver. Exported from Egypt to Mossulon (10), to Barbarikon on the Indus (39). Silver plate chased or polished (Topveurà or netopveupeva) sent as presents to the despot of Mouza (24), to Kanê for the king (28). Costly (Bapúripia) plate to Barugaza for the king (49). Plate made according to the Egyptian fashion to Adouli for the king (6).
2. 'Apo CVIKÓN— Arsenic (somal). Exported from Egypt to Mouziris and Nelkunda (56).
3. Anváp.op-Denary. Exported in small quantity from Egypt to Adouli (6). Gold and silver denarii sent in small quantity to the marts of
13 In early times it was obtained chiefly from Styran officinalis, native of the same region.-ED.
us."
39. Savrdua and sasápuva Eva-Logs of San dal and Sagame (santalum album). Exported from Barugaza to the marts of Omana and Apologos (36). Savráva is a correction of the MS. reading Fayáva proposed by Salmasius. Kosmas Indiko- pleustes calls sandalwood (adáva. For sacapupa of the MS. Stackius proposed omorapava-a futile emendation, since sesame is known only as a leguminous plant from which an oil is expressed, and not as a tree. But possibly Red Saunders wood' (Pterocarpus Santalinus) may be meant.
19 It is brought now from the Eastern Archipelago. B. I. P.
