________________
144
THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
[MAY, 1879.
there are two of more particular importance- entire voyage as far as Limurike is 700 Paithana, which lies south from Barugaza stadia, and to reach Aigialos you must sail a distance of twenty days, and Tagara, ten very many stadia further. days east of Paithana, the greatest city in the 52. The local marts which occur in order country. Their commodities are carried down along the coast after Baruga za are Akaon wagons to Barugaza along roads of extreme barou, Souppara, Kalliena, a city which difficulty,--that is, from Paithana a great was raised to the rank of a regular mart in the quantity of onyx-stone, and from Tagara times of the elder Saraganes, but after ordinary cottons in abundance, many sorts of Sandanes becatne its master its trade was muslins, mallow-coloured cottons, and other put under the severest restrictions; for if Greek articles of local production brought into it from vessels, even by accident, enter its ports, a guard the parts along the coast. The length of the lis put on board and they are taken to Baragaza.
Baithana, may be identified with Paithana. He shows also that the Tamil country must Tagara is more puzzling. Wilford, Vincent, have been meant by the name by mentioning Mannert, Ritter and others identify it with Dêve. Modura as one of the cities it contained. girior Deogarh, near Elurá, about 8 miles from (52) Reverting to Barugaza our author next Aurangabad. The name of a place called Tagara- enumerates the less important emporis having pura occurs in a copper grant of land which was merely a local trade which intervenes between it found in the island of Salsette. There is however and Dimurikê. These are first A ka baron, nothing to show that this was a namo of Đêvagiri. Souppera, and Kalliena-followed by Besides, if Paithana be correctly identified, Tagara Semulla, Mandagora, Palaipat mai, cannot be Dêragiri unless the distances and direc- Meligeizara, Buzantion, Toperon, and tions are very erroneously given in the Periplas. | Turanos boas,-beyond which occurs a succesThis is not improbable, and Tagara may therefore sion of islands, some of which give shelter to be Junnari.e. Jana-nagar = the old city), which pirates, and of which the last is called Leuk e or from its position must always have been an em- White Island. The actual distance from Barngaza porium, and its Buddha caves belong to about to Naoura, the first port of Dimurikê, is 4,500 B. C. 100 to A.D. 150 (see Archæolog. Suru. of West. stadia. India, vol. III., and Elphinstone's History of To take these emporia in detail. Aka barou India, p. 223).
cannot be identified. The reading is probably cor. Our author introduces us next to another divi. | rupt. Between the mouths of the Namados and sion of India, that called Limurikê, which those of the Goaris, Ptolemy interposes Nousaripa, begins, as he informs us, at a distance of 7,000 stadia Poulipoula, Ariakê Sadinôn, and Soupara. Nau(or nearly 900 miles) beyond Barugaza. This saripa is Nausari, about 18 miles to the estimate is wide of the mark, being in fact about south of Surat, and Soupara is Sapår å near the distance between Barugaza and the southern Vaski. Benfey, who takes it to be the name of a or remote extremity of Limurikê. In the Indian region and not of a city, regards it as the Ophir segment of the Roman maps called from their dis! of the Bible-called in the Septuagint Ewinpá. coverer, the Peutinger Tables, the portion of India Sôphir, it may be added, is the Coptic name for to which this name is applied is called Dami- India. Kalliena is now Kalyans near rikê. We can scarcely err, says Dr. Caldwell Bombay (which must have been an important (Dravid. Gram. Intr. Page 14), in identifying this place at an early date. It is named in the name with the Tami) country. If so, the earliest Kanhöri Bauddhá Cave Inscriptions]. It is appearance of the name Tamil in any foreign mentioned by Kosmas (p. 337), who states that documents will be found also to be most perfectly it produced copper and sesamum and other in accordance with the native Tamil mode of kinds of logs, and cloth for wearing apparel. spelling the name. Damirike evidently means The name Sundanes, that of the Prince who Damir-ike ... In another place in the same map sent Greek ships which happened to put into its a district is called Scytia Dymirice; and it port under guard to Baragaza, is thought by appears to have been this word which by a mig- Benfey to be a territorial title which indicated take of A for A Ptolemy wrote Aumepun). The D that he ruled over Ariak ê of the Sandineis. retains its place however in the Cosmography of [But the elder“ Saraganes" probably indicates the anonymous geographer of Ravenna, who re- one of the great Satakarņi or Andhrabhsitya peatedly mentions Dimirica as one of the three dynasty.) Ptolemy does not mention Kalliena, divisions of India and the one furthest to the East. though he supplies the name of a place omitted
