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NOVEMBER, 1879.)
THE SIX TIRTAKA.
313
founder of a third sect. He was the son (putra) as a murderer. And he who broke a branch of Natha, a husbandman", and because he boast- was to be regarded as one who deprived another ed of an acquaintance with the entire circle of of his limbs. These doctrines procured for him the arts and sciences, and moreover pretended many followers, and they soon exceeded five to have destroyed the ghanta, the cores' or thousand. 'knots' of keles, he was called Nigantha or "His error consisted in supposing that destiny Nirgrantha. He too laid claim to the high sanc- might be controlled, -that happiness might be tity of an Arbanta, and preached doctrines, obtained, for example, independently of cances which were soon embraced by thousands. He in an anterior existence, that the doctrine conheld that it was sinfulto drink cold water: "cold sisted in wearing coarse garments, tearing ont water,' he said was imbued with a soul. Little the hair, exposing the nostrils to smoke, and drops of water were small souls and large drops the body to heat on five sides (the four sides of were large souls.' He also declared that there the body, and having fire besides on the head), were three dandas, or agents for the commission in submitting in short to all manner of mortificaof sin, and that the acts of the body (kaya), oftions, in the hope that having in the present the speech (vách) and of the mind (mana) were life experienced all sorts of sufferings, eternal three separate causes, each acting independently happiness would be obtained in a future exof the other.
istence." "This heretic asserted that crimes and virtues,! 5. Sanjaya bellante, who had an awkhappiness and misery, were fixed by fate, that ward-looking head, was also aslave by birth." as subject to these we cannot avoid them, and Obtaining his freedom from his master, he applied that the practice of the doctrine can in no wise himself to study; and when he had become a assist us. In this notion his heresy consisted."'10 great proficient in different branches of learning,
4. A fourth was the servant of a noble family. he proclaimed himself a Buddha. He taught, Having run into debt, he fled from his creditors, as a distinguishing feature in his doctrines, and having no means of livelihood at the village that man in an after-birth would be as he is to which he repaired, he became a practiser of now. In the transmigration of the soul,' he austerities after shaving his head, and putting said, 'it assumed the identical bodily form on a mean garment made of hair,' from which which it had retained before death. There circumstance he received the appellation of could be no change of person. Whosoever is Ajita Kesakam bala." Among other doc- now great or mean; a man or a deva, a trines which distinguished him from the rest of biped, a quadruped, or a milleped; without feet the sectarians was that which invested the three or hands or with deficient members of the body, kingdoms of nature with a soul. He held that will be exactly the same in the next birth.' man and beast and every creeping thing, and
"His heresy consisted in thinking that it is fowl of the air, as well as trees and shrubs had not necessary to seek the doctrine (bodhi) in the a jioa or intelligent and sentient soul, endued sacred books, as the same will be obtained of with body, and consequently composed of parts. itself when the number of kalpas of birth and • The person,' said he, who took away the life death have been exhausted. He thought also of a being was equally guilty with the man who that after eighty thousand kalpas the doctrine ate the flesh of a dead body. One who cut would be obtained naturally.10) down a tree, or destroyed a creeper, was as guilty 6. Kakudha Katyayana was a found
1. Ni kian-tho-jo-thi-tseu; Ni-kian-tho signifies exempt also Burnouf, Introd. pp. 162, 568; Lotus, pp. 450, 446, from bonds,' and is a very common title of heretics. He 708, 776ff. derived from his mother the title of jo-ths, the signification 11 A-khi-to-hire-she was the title of this heresiarch, the of which is not known. [Remusat makes him the sixth explanation of which is not given. His surname Khin-phu. in his enumeration. Dr. Bühler regards this as the real lo (kambala) signifies 'ccarse garments.'-Remusat places name of Mahavira, the last Jaina Tirthankars: Ind. Ant.
him fourth. vol. VII. p. 148.- ED.)
is Remusat, ut sup. : Sykes, ut sup. ; see also Burnouf, Also & name of contempt for a heterodox ecclesiastic. [Also for & Jaina ;-Ind. Ant. vol. I, p. 810 note $; vol.
Introd. p. 162; Lotus, p. 450. VII., p. 148 ; Stan. Julien, Mém. Sur les Cont. Occ. t. I.,
19. Shan-che-ye' (Sanjaya) signifies recta victoria, and pp. 41, 354; t. II, pp. 42, 98; and Vie de. H. Thsang,
is the title of this heretic. Pi-lo-chi (Valagi), non ogen, pp. 224, 228.-ED."
is the name of his mother. He is the third in Remusat'a 10. Romuant, ut sup. pp. 144, 145, who quotes Tho-lo-ni.
list, ut sup. p. 14. tty-king, Collection of Dharanis, Fan-y-ming-1 quoted 0 Remusat, ut sup.; and Sykes, ut sup., aloo Burnouf, in the San-sangfa-su, Bk. xxvii. p. 11.; Sykes, ut sup. Soe Introd. p. 162; Lotus, pp. 208, 186
