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Introduction
Logical discussions and debates had paramount importance in ancient India for the purpose of spreading and propagation of one's own religious and philosophical speculations amongst the societies. Therefore the rules and regulations in this context were formed by various sects and sagraments according to their views and convenience. The Vadashila Brahmanas were the leaders of the debaters who used the forms of Vada, Jalpa, Vitanda, Chhala, Jati and Nigrahasthana to gain trumph over the opponents by right or wrong means.' All these debaters are named Takki or Takkika in Pali and Prakrit literature.
The Buddhist tradition also could not escape being influenced by this practice The old logical compend like the Upayahrdaya, Tarkashastra, etc. appear to have allowed the use of qubbles (chhala). analogues (jati) etc. for the specific purpose of protecting the Buddhist order'. The Jainas, on the other hand, lay more stress on truth and non-violence. They think of the Vitanda (fa031) as Vilandabhasa (faqograma) Akalanka rejects even the Asadhananga (STATTFIT) and Adosodbhavana (SETTENTAT) in view of the facts that they were themselves the subjects of discussion. He then says : a defendent should himself indicate the real defects in the established theory of disputant and then set up his own theory. 3 hus he should consider each item from the point of view of truth and non-violence. All the Jaina philosophers followed this tradion to the best of their efforts. Note :- The Diacritical marks could not be used by the Press
due to certain reasons. The readers are, therefore, requested to kindly bear the inconvenience caused. However, some important words have been given in
Devanagari Script. 1. Nyayasutra, 4-2-50-9, 2 Vadanyaya, p. 1 3. Nyayavinishcaya, Vol. 2. p. 384 4. Ashtashati-Ashtasahasri, p. 87
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