Apbhramsa Bharti 1994 05 06

Author(s): Kamalchand Sogani, Gyanchandra Khinduka, Gopichand Patni
Publisher: Apbhramsa Sahitya Academy
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/521854/1

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janavarI- julAI, apabhraMza bhAratI 1994 zodha-patrikA jIvo jIva laari apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI rAjasthAna 5-6

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apabhraMza bhAratI arddhavArSika zodha-patrikA janavarI-julAI, 1994 sampAdaka maNDala zrI navInakumAra baja zrI ratanalAla chAbar3A zrI mahendrakumAra pATanI DaoN. kailAzacanda jaina zrI jJAnacandra bilTIvAlA sampAdaka DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI zrI jJAnacandra khindUkA DaoN. gopIcanda pATanI prabandha sampAdaka zrI kapUracanda pATanI / maMtrI, prabandhakAriNI kameTI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI / sahAyaka sampAdaka suzrI prIti jaina prakAzaka apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI jainavidyA saMsthAna prabandhakAriNI kameTI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI (rAjasthAna)

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vArSika mUlya : 40.00 sAmAnyataH 75.00 pustakAlaya hetu phoToTAipa saiTiMga : kaoNmprinTa, jayapura mudraka : jayapura prinTarsa prA. li. jayapura

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kra.saM. viSaya viSaya-sUcI prakAzakIya sampAdakIya 1. loka aura apabhraMza sAhitya 2. rayaNAyaro vva sohAyamANu 3. paumacariu aura rAmakathA - paramparA 4. NaM amaravimANahi~ maNaharehi~ 5. adhyAtmarasika kabIra kI pRSThabhUmi meM muni rAmasiMha 6. phAgu-kAvya : vidhA aura vyAkhyA 7. saMdeza - rAsaka meM zrRMgAra-vyaMjanA 8. hemacandra ke prAkRtavyAkaraNa meM uddhRta apabhraMza ke dohoM meM nArI - hRdaya kI dhar3akaneM 9. karakaNDucariu meM aNupekkhAH prayojana dRSTi 10. apabhraMza bhASA se janabhASA kI vikAsa-pravRttiyA~ lekhaka kA nAma DaoN. zailendrakumAra tripAThI kavi kanakAmara suzrI madhubAlA nayAla kavi kanakAmara DaoN. (zrImatI) puSpalatA jaina DaoN. trilokInAtha premI DaoN. indrabahAdura siMha DaoN. vI. DI. hegaDe DaoN. (ku.) ArAdhanA jaina 'svataMtra' zrImatI aparNA caturvedI 'prItA' pR.saM. 1 6 7 16 17 27 37 55 65 73

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prakAzakIya - apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya ke adhyetAoM ke samakSa apabhraMza bhAratI kA pAMcavAM-chaThA aMka saharSa prastuta hai| Aja to hindI ke bahuta se Alocaka rItikAla aura bhaktikAla kI racanAoM kA bIjasandarbha AdikAla kI apabhraMza-racanAoM meM dekhane lage haiN| rASTrabhASA hindI va Adhunika Arya bhASAoM ke vikAsa-krama ke jJAna ke lie apabhraMza sAhitya kI upAdeyatA asaMdigdha hai| loka-jIvana kI aisI koI vidhA nahIM jisa para apabhraMza bhASA meM na likhA gayA ho| apabhraMza sAhitya ke sAMskRtika mahatva ko samajhate hue hI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI dvArA apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI kI sthApanA kI gii| apabhraMza bhASA ke adhyayana-adhyApana ko dizA pradAna karane ke lie apabhraMza racanA saurabha, prAkRta racanA saurabha, apabhraMza kAvya saurabha, pAhuDadohA cayanikA Adi pustakeM prakAzita kI gaI haiN| akhila bhAratIya stara para patrAcAra apabhraMza sarTiphikeTa pAThyakrama va patrAcAra apabhraMza DiplomA pAThyakrama apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI dvArA saMcAlita haiN| apabhraMza meM maulika lekhana ke protsAhana ke lie svayaMbhU puraskAra' bhI prArambha kiyA gayA hai| 'apabhraMza bhAratI' patrikA kA prakAzana apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya ke punarutthAna va pracAra ke lie uThAyA gayA eka kadama hai| vidvAnoM dvArA apabhraMza sAhitya para kI jA rahI zodha-khoja ko 'apabhraMza bhAratI' ke mAdhyama se prakAzita karanA hama apanA kartavya samajhate haiN| isa aMka meM apabhraMza sAhitya ke vividha pakSoM para vidvAna lekhakoM ne apane vicAra prastuta kiye haiN| hama una sabhI ke prati AbhArI haiN| patrikA ke sampAdaka, sahayogI sampAdaka evaM sampAdaka maNDala dhanyavAdAha haiN| isa aMka ke mudraNa ke lie jayapura prinTarsa prAIveTa limiTeDa, jayapura bhI dhanyavAdAha hai| kapUracanda pATanI maMtrI narezakumAra seThI adhyakSa prabandhakAriNI kameTI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI

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sampAdakIya yaha nirvivAdarUpa se etihAsika satya hai ki Adhunika AryabhASAoM kA janma apabhraMza se huaa| hamArI pUrvavartI paramparA apabhraMza kI sAhityika paramparA rahI, Aja hindI ke bhASAvaijJAnika bhI svIkAra karate haiN| bhaktikAla/rItikAla para apabhraMza kA prabhAva hindI ke vidvAn svIkAra karate haiN| hara samRddha sAhitya apane atIta se kucha grahaNa karatA rahatA hai mAtra saiddhAntika dharAtala para hI nahIM, vyAvahArika dharAtala para bhI, aura vyavahAra kA dharAtala samAja kA hotA hai, loka kA hotA hai| kahanA na hogA ki apabhraMza ke kavi loka ke manoraMjana ko dhyAna meM rakhate the| isake pIche apabhraMza ke kaviyoM kI vivazatA nahIM, yuga evaM pariveza kI sAmayika mA~ga thI jise racanAgata dharAtala para kisI bhI sacetasa sajaga racanAkAra ko prastuta karanA hI thaa| 'loka' manuSya samAja kA vaha varga hai jo AbhijAtya saMskAra, zAstrIyatA aura pANDitya kI cetanA aura pANDitya ke ahaMkAra se zUnya hai aura jo eka paramparA ke pravAha meM jIvita rahatA hai| aise loka kI abhivyakti meM jo tattva milate haiM ve lokatattva kahalAte haiN| apabhraMza sAhitya ina lokatattvoM se tathA bhAvanAoM se bharA par3A hai| yahA~ para yaha kahanA aprAsaMgika nahIM hogA ki bhAratIya vAGgamaya meM saMskRta-sAhitya vividha kAvya-rUpoM aura vidhAoM kI dRSTi se jitanA samRddha hai usakA paravartI apabhraMza sAhitya apekSAkRta aura bhI adhika sampanna rahA hai| kAraNa, prathama jahA~ saMskRta sAhitya kAvyazAstrIya vidhAoM kA hI anusaraNa-anukaraNa karatA rahA hai vahA~ apabhraMza kI lokAnurAginI sAhityaparamparA ne eka paga aura agrasara hokara loka-sAhitya tathA loka-zAstra kI anagina abhivyakta evaM anabhivyakta vyaMjanA-zailiyoM ko apanAkara sacamuca nUtana kAvya-saMsAra hI racA ddaalaa| bhAratIya loka-jIvana meM 'phAgu' zabda 'phAguna' yA 'phAlguna' mahIne se jur3A hai aura isI mahIne meM basanta Rtu kI mAdakatA tathA mastI mAnava evaM mAnavetara prakRti meM avalokanIya hotI hai| bAhara aura bhItara kA ullAsa sahaja saundarya kI sRSTi meM sakSama hotA hai| tabhI to jar3a prakRti raMga-biraMge-bahuraMge paridhAna meM muskurAtI-lubhAtI hai aura manuSya nispRha bhAva se nAcatA-gAtA hai| apabhraMza kI yaha kAvya-vidhA apane nAma ke anurUpa isa vaiziSTyase paripUrNa hai| ata: kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye phAgu-kAvya apane prAraMbha meM nRtya karate hue gAye jAte hoMge, jaisAki apabhraMza ke jaina-muniyoM dvArA hI praNIta 'rAsa' nAmadhArI kAvyoM ke sambandha meM bhI milatA hai| loka-jIvana meM udbhUta ina phAgu-kAvyoM meM jahA~ basanta ke mAdaka aura uddIpanakArI pariveza meM zrRMgAra rasa ke saMyoga evaM viyoga pakSa kA bharapUra citraNa hotA hai vahA~ jaina muniyoM dvArA praNIta ina phAga-kAvyoM meM bhaMgAra kA camatkAra to pradarzita kiyA hI jAtA hai.kinta anta kI ora bar3hate e unameM eka nayA moDa ubharane lagatA hai: bhaMgAra kA sthAna zAnta tathA nirveda lene lagate haiN| sAMsArika kAma ke Upara sAtvika vairAgya kI yaha vijaya hI ina jaina phAgu-kAvyoM kA mUla uddezya hai| apabhraMza ke phAga-kAvya AkAra meM kahIM baDe aura kahIM choTe hone para bhI uddezya kI prakRti ke sAtha mAnava-mana kI bhAvAtmaka ekatA evaM uchAha ko vyaMjita karane meM nitAnta sakSama (ii)

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tathA loka-mAdhurI se ota-prota laghu prabandhAtmaka racanAeM haiN| phAgu-kAvya kA vikAsa loka- . mAnasa kI bhAva-bhUmi para huA hai| rAsaka-kAvya ke samAna saMbhavataH yaha apane Adi rUpa meM nRtyagItaparaka rahA hogA; kAlAvadhi meM yaha sAhityika rUpa dhAraNa karatA gayA aura isakI saMsthApanA alakRta-kAvya ke rUpa meM huii| isameM gItitattva kI pradhAnatA milatI hai parantu katipaya kRtiyoM meM kAvya-tattva kA bhI samAveza milatA hai| hindI sAhitya kI bhaktikAlIna saMta-paramparA kI pRSThabhUmi meM vizuddhi tatva sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa rahA hai| yogIndra isake prasthApaka the, muni rAmasiMha saMyojaka the aura kabIra ne isake pracAraka ke rUpa meM kAma kiyA thaa| __jainadharma sampradAya hote hue bhI sampradAyAtIta hai aura kadAcit usake isI tatva ne kabIra ko AkarSita kiyA ho| yahI kAraNa hai ki unakI vicAradhArA pUrvavartI jaina saMtoM se bahuta mela khAtI hai| muni rAmasiMha hindI sAhitya ke AdikAlIna apabhraMza ke adhyAtma-sAdhaka kavi rahe haiM jinhoMne darzana aura adhyAtma ke kSetra meM eka naI krAnti kA sUtrapAta kiyaa| unakI sAdhanA AtmAnubhUti athavA svasaMvedyajJAna para AdhArita thI isalie unake graMtha 'pAhuDadohA' meM adhyAtma kiMvA rahasyavAda ke tattva sahaja hI dRSTigata hote haiN| muni rAmasiMha ke pAhuDadohA ko saMta-paramparA kI AdhArazilA mAnA jA sakatA hai| saMta-sAhitya kI pRSThabhUmi ke nirmANa meM rAmasiMha ke cintana ne mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAI hai| yaha Azcarya kA viSaya hai ki hindI ke vidvAnoM ne AdikAlIna hindI jaina sAhitya ko mAtra dhArmika sAhitya mAnakara use upekSita kara diyA jisase hindI saMtaparamparA ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana kA eka konA achUtA-sA raha gayA / samUcI saMta-paramparA bhale hI kisI na kisI dharma se sambaddha rahI ho para unake cintana ke viSaya bahuta adhika pRthak nahIM rhe| AtmA-paramAtmA, karma-pAkhaNDa, sAMsArika mAyA, sadguru-satsaMga Adi jaise viSayoM para sabhI ne apanI kalama calAI hai| . __ jaina muniyoM dvArA praNIta apabhraMza sAhitya adhikAMzataH prabandhaparaka hI hai aura kathA-kAvyoM kI paramparA kA anugAmI rahA hai| parantu kathA-zilpa inakA apanA tathA maulika hai| isa prakAra inakA kartRtva kavitA aura kalA, bhAva aura vyaMjanA, kathA-saMgaThana aura kalpanA evaM bhASA aura bandha ke maNikAMcana saMyoga se advitIya bana gayA hai| saMdeza-rAsaka jaisA ki isake nAma se prakaTa hotA hai - rAsaka kAvya hai| kathAnaka ke AdhAra para saMdeza-rAsaka prema-kAvya hai| usameM nAyikA ke viraha-nivedana kI pramukhatA hai| saMdeza-rAsaka ke kavi zrI agrahamANa ne yadyapi rUpa-varNana ke lie adhikAMzataH paramparAgRhIta upamAnoM kA hI Azraya liyA hai, phira bhI unhoMne apane hRdaya-rasa se snigdha karake use vAstavika aura hRdayasparzI banA diyA hai| kahIM-kahIM addahamANa ne svacchanda kalpanA-zakti kA bhI paricaya diyA hai jo unake saMvedanazIla kavitva kA paricAyaka hai| saMdeza-rAsaka meM yadyapi viraha ke antargata zArIrika dazAoM kA hI varNana adhika huA hai, kintu kavi ne use itane mArmika DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai ki vaha hRdaya meM bahuta dUra jAkara gaharI saMvedanA ko jagAtA hai| bAhya vyApAroM ko citrita karane meM bhI saMdeza-rAsaka kI padAvalI atyanta prabhAvazAlinI hai| kavi kI bhAva-prerita anubhUti (iii)

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spaMdita vANI sIdhe antasthala taka pahuMce binA bIca meM rukanA nahIM caahtii| kAraNa yaha ki addahamANa ne sadaiva svAbhAvikatA aura mArmikatA kA dhyAna rkhaa| sAdhAraNa kaviyoM kI bhA~ti ve camatkAra ke lobha meM nahIM par3e haiN| hRdaya ke gahare-se-gahare bhAvoM ko ve sAdhAraNa DhaMga se vyakta karane meM paTu haiN| hemacandra ke prAkRtavyAkaraNa meM uddhRta apabhraMza ke dohe lokamAnasa ke sAkSAta phala haiN| ataH lokasaMpRkti unakA mUladravya hai| ukta katipaya dohoM meM nArI-hRdaya kI madhura pIr3A samAI huI hai| hemacandra ke prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM uddhRta dohoM meM nArI na kevala virahiNI ke rUpa meM prakaTa haI hai; apitu vIrAMganA ke rUpa meM bhI dikhAI detI hai| yadi virahiNI-rUpa nArI-hRdaya kI komalatA kA paricAyaka hai to vIrAMganA-rUpa usakI tejasvitA kA samudaghATana kara detA hai| vIrAMganAoM ke itihAsa ke avalokana se vidita hotA hai ki unhoMne apane patiyoM meM utsAha kI umaMgeM barAbara bharI haiM aura apanA saba-kucha luTAkara bhI apane patiyoM kA vIratva surakSita rakhA hai aura isI meM apanA vIratva bhI prakAzita kiyA hai| haima vyAkaraNa ke zrRMgAra evaM zaurya-sambandhI dohoM meM nArIhRdaya kI dhar3akaneM apane pUrNa lAvaNya ke sAtha kAvyarUpa grahaNa kiye hue haiN| sAmAjika klIbatA ke nivAraNa ke lie ukta dohoM kA punaH-punaH paThana nitAnta Avazyaka hai| ukta dohoM meM na kevala rasarAja zrRMgAra kA vizvamohaka rUpa prakaTa huA hai, apitu rasarAjarAja vIra kA vizvapoSaka rUpa pradarzita huA hai / vIrAMganAoM ke ukta madhura evaM vIra hRdayodgAroM ne na kevala apane vIra-patiyoM meM zatru-senA ke hAthiyoM kA kumbhasthala vidIrNa karane kI kSamatA utpanna kI hai apitu kAyaratA para digvijaya prApta karake klIbatA ke khaNDana ke itihAsa meM eka sundara adhyAya jor3a diyA hai| ___'paumacariu' eka vizAla prabandhakAvya hai jisameM kavi-pratibhA kA pUrNa unmeSa prApta hotA -paramparA meM apane maulika kathA-prasaMgoM ke kAraNa 'paumacariu' ullekhanIya hai| rAmakathA kI apabhraMza kAvya-paramparA meM svayaMbhU kA 'paumacariu' apane maulika kathA-prasaMgoM, caritra-saMgaThana, zilpagata nUtanatAoM vizeSatayA upamAna prayogoM kI dRSTi se viziSTa hai| pA~ca kANDoM-vidyAdharakANDa, ayodhyAkANDa, sundarakANDa, yuddhakANDa evaM uttarakANDa meM ba~TI kathA ke 20 saMdhiyoM yukta vidyAdharakANDa meM RSabhajina-janma, jina-niSkramaNa, vAnaravaMza-utpatti, rAvaNa-carita Adi varNita haiN| sadkAvya caturvarga kA sAdhaka hai tathA sadyaH Ananda yA prIti utpanna karanA usakA viziSTa prayojana hai| bhAratIya paramparA antima puruSArtha 'mokSa' ko apanA lakSya mAnatI hai aura kAvya bhI isI puruSArtha ko puSTa karatA hai| Ananda ke pUrNa prasphuTana kA nAma mokSa hai aura sadakAvya isI atIndriya Ananda kI sadyaH pratIti karatA hai| ataH sadkAvya se bar3hakara zivatva yA mokSa kA sAdhaka anya koI sAdhana nahIM ho sakatA / muni kanakAmara viracita karakaNDucariu mahAkAvya kA pradhAna prayojana 'mokSa' puruSArtha kI siddhi karanA, atIndriya Ananda kI anubhUti karAnA rahA hai| isa Ananda kI anubhUti zAnta rasa se hI ho sakatI hai| ataH kavi ne tattvajJAna, vairAgya, hRdayazuddhi Adi vibhAvoM; yama, niyama, adhyAtma dhyAna Adi anubhAvoM evaM nirveda, smRti, dhRti Adi vyabhicArI bhAvoM kA varNana anuprekSAoM ke mAdhyama se kiyA hai aura sahRdaya kA 'zama' sthAyIbhAva udbuddha kara zAntarasa kI anubhUti karAI hai| (iv)

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karakaNDucariTha meM anuprekSA kA varNanakara AtmArthI ko mAnasika dainika bhojana pradAna kiyA hai aura saMsAra, zarIra va bhogoM meM lipta jagata ko ananta sukhakArI mArga meM pratiSThita karane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai / jina vidvAnoM ne apane lekha bhejakara hameM sahayoga pradAna kiyA hai hama unake AbhArI haiM, bhaviSya meM bhI sahayoga kI apekSA karate haiN| saMsthAna samiti, sampAdaka maNDala evaM sahayogI kAryakartAoM ke bhI AbhArI haiN| mudraNa hetu jayapura prinTarsa prA. li., jayapura dhanyavAdAha hai| (v) DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 janavarI - julAI - 1994 1 loka aura apabhraMza sAhitya - DaoN. zailendrakumAra tripAThI - siri jarakhaMDI loar3I gali maNi ar3A na bIsa / tovi goTThar3A karAviA muddhae uTuMbaIsa // yaha sAhitya apabhraMza kavi dvArA nibaddha usa akiMcanA sundarI ke samAna hai jisake sira para eka phaTI purAnI kamalI thI, gale meM dasa-bIsa guriyoM kI mAlA thI phira bhI usakA saundarya aisA manohara thA ki goSTha ke rasikoM ko kitanI hI bAra uThA baiThI karane ko bAdhya honA par3A - hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla likhate samaya ye zabda haiM AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI ke / Adhunika AryabhASAoM kA janma apabhraMza se hI svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| hamArI pUrvavartI paramparA apabhraMza kI sAhityika paramparA rahI, Aja hindI ke bhASA vaijJAnika bhI svIkAra karate haiN| bhaktikAla para yA rItikAla para apabhraMza kA prabhAva hindI ke vidvAn svIkAra karate haiN| hara samRddha sAhitya apane atIta se kucha grahaNa karatA rahatA hai mAtra saiddhAntika dharAtala para hI nahIM, vyAvahArika dharAtala para bhI, aura vyavahAra kA dharAtala samAja kA hotA hai, loka kA hotA hai 1 AcArya vizvanAtha prasAda mizra ne likhA hai " AdikAla kA sArA kAvya kevala vIratva kI prazaMsA meM lipta loka-vAhya kAvya nahIM thA / usameM loka kI pracalita bhAvanA vIratva ke ullAsa kA pratipAdana kiyA jAtA thA / kahIM loka-zatru kA nAza hotA thA, kahIM kevala vIratva

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 kA prdrshn| jahA~ koI loka-rakSA mUlaka hetu na ho vahA~ kalpita hetu aura loka-rakSaNa ke sthAna para loka-raMjana ko hI lakSya karake kavi calatA hai ... kAvya loka se baddha thaa|" kahanA na hogA ki apabhraMza ke kavi loka ke manoraMjana ko dhyAna meM rakhate the| isake pIche apabhraMza ke kaviyoM kI vivazatA nahIM, yuga evaM pariveza kI sAmayika mA~ga thI, jise racanAgata dharAtala para kisI bhI sacetasa sajaga racanAkAra ko prastuta karanA hI thaa| Aja kI Adhunika mAnasikatA kI bhA~ti koI loka ko nirakSara yA avikasita kahakara usase pIche haTanevAle buddhijIvI bhI apabhraMza ke pAsa nahIM the| Aja rAmasvarUpa caturvedI jaise racanAkAra bhI yaha svIkAra karate haiM - "hindI kA caritra, pahalI bAra hI bar3e mohaka rUpa meM bhASA aura saMvedanA ke donoM staroM para 'pRthvIrAja rAsaU' meM nikharakara AyA hai|" sAhityetihAsakAroM meM isa para vivAda ho sakatA hai ki pRthvIrAja rAso laukikatA vyaJjita kara sakatA hai, kintu vaha lokaparaka nahIM hai, yahA~ para maiM vinamratApUrvaka yaha nivedana karanA cAhU~gA ki AdikAlIna sAhityika sAmagrI kA adhisaMkhya (prAkRta/apabhraMza) Aja bhI vivAdita hai, kintu AdikAla ke prakhara anusaMdhitsu AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI zuka aura zukI ke dvArA kahe gaye hissoM ko prAmANika mAnane kA Agraha karate haiM ? kyoM ? yaha to maiM nahIM batA sakatA kintu itanA avazya hai ki totA-mainA, zuka-zukI Aja bhI AbhijAtya yA 'elITa' sAhitya dvArA nahIM apanAe gaye, na apanAe jA sakate haiN| lokamAnasa meM inakI rAgAtmakatA svata:siddha hai| yaha kitanI bhrAmaka avadhAraNA hai ki yoropIya itihAsa-lekhana meM loka saMskRti kA prayoga dekhanevAle bhArata meM isa dizA meM 'na ke barAbara kI pahala' ke dhAraNa ke zikAra haiM, kAza ! aise loga AdikAla kI sAhityika sAmagrI ko na sahI gambhIratApUrvaka, sarasarI naz2ara se hI dekha lete| rAmasvarUpa caturvedI (hindI sAhitya aura saMvedanA kA vikAsa likhate samaya) jaba yaha likhate haiM - "yoM kula milAkara ye rAso racanAeM abhineya to nahIM para pradarzanIya kalA (paraphormiMga ArTa) kI zreNI meM A jAtI haiM, jinakI jar3eM loka paramparA meM haiM, para jo dhIre-dhIre ziSTa kAvya ke rUpa meM uga rahI haiN|" to yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki hindI sAhitya kA vikAsa loka paramparA se hI sambandhita hai| yoM yaha to spaSTa hai ki binA loka meM rame sAhitya kI racanA vAyavIya sandarbho ko hI AkAra degI, usameM kahIM bhI jIvana kI gaharI aura saccI saMvedanA nahIM milegii| ye udAharaNa paryApta hoMge - paya sakkarI subhattau, ekattau kanaya rAya bhoyaMsI / kara kaMsI gujjarIya, rabbariyaM naiva jIvaMti // - yadi dUdha-zakkara aura bhAta milAkara (bar3e gharoM kI) lar3akiyA~ rAjabhoga banAtI haiM to (garIba) gUjarI kyA kaNa-bhUsIvAlI rAbar3I (maTTe kI) se jIvana-nirvAha na kareM ? loka barAbara paramparA ke pravAha ke sAtha jur3atA rahA hai, AsthAe~ isa pravAha meM jur3I to bahI bhI, DaoNkTara harizcandra mizra kA mAnanA hai ki sAhitya ke mUla saMvedanAtmaka AdhAroM meM agara kisI

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apabhraMza - bhAratI 5-6 eka kI pahacAna se sAhitya kI zreSThatA pahacAnI jAtI hai to vaha loka hai aura hamArA sampUrNa sAhitya kahIM na kahIM loka se jAkara jur3atA hai cAhe vaha saMskRta kA Adarza ho yA apabhraMza kI aihikatA, loka kI udAratA se hI sAhitya kI mUla saMvedanA jur3I hotI hai|' apabhraMza kI racanAoM ke sandarbha adhikatara loka se jur3e hue haiN| merI samajha se isakA eka bar3A kAraNa rahA hogA yugIna saMvedanA kI bebAka prastuti / bIsaladeva kI nAyikA rAjamatI jaba yaha kahatI hai ki - he vidhAtA (maheza) ! strI - janma kyoM diyA ? arthAt aba mata denA, hA~ aura kucha bhI banA denA lekina strI janma / Aja kI saMvedanA se jaba hama ina paMktiyoM ko taulate haiM to kyA aisA nahIM lagatA ki ye racanAkAra hamArI saMvedanA ke bahuta karIba the| Aja ikkIsavIM sadI kI agavAnI kI jA rahI hai aura yaha saMvedanA apabhraMza ke eka kavi kI hai, dekheM astrIya janama kAMI dIdhau mahesa / avara janama thAraI ghaNA re naTesa / rANi na sirajIya dhaulIya gAi / kAlI koilI / vaNakhaNDa hauM baisatI abAM nai caMpA kI DAla / - yaha eka rAnI kI vyathA hai jo bIsaladeva kI nAyikA hai| bAda ke aneka granthoM meM isakI upasthiti hama mahasUsa kara sakate haiN| itanA hI nahIM bIsaladeva rAso kA jAgarUka racanAkAra loka se kisa kadara jur3A hai yaha mAtra viyoga aura saMyoga ke varNanoM ko dekhakara nahIM, balki usake isa kathana se lagAyA jA sakatA hai dava kA dAdhA ho kUpala lei jIbha kA dAdhA na pAlhavai // 3 - dAvAgni meM jale vRkSa dvArA nayA rUpa lenA sambhava hai| vaha phira harA-bharA ho sakatA hai kintu kaThora vacanoM se jalA vyakti kabhI bhI harA nahIM ho sakatA, prasanna nahIM ho sakatA / yahA~ loka kI gaharAI ke sAtha-sAtha paravartI kaviyoM dvArA isake apanAne kI prakriyA bhI pAyI jA sakatI hai| kaThora vacanoM kI bAta tulasI se lekara kabIra sabhI ne kI hai, yaha eka choTA-sA udAharaNa hai / - bhI loka-sAhitya kA bahuta-sA aMza prakSipta hote-hote vivAdAspada ho jAtA hai| yaha kisI samRddha sAhitya yA viziSTa racanAkAra ke sAtha usake na rahane para huA karatA hai| phalataH sAhityetihAsakAra racanAkAra ke sandarbha meM to usakI bahuAyAmI saMvedanA aura pratibhA kA darzana kara lete haiM lekina jaba kisI samRddha sAhitya bhASA ke granthoM ke sAtha prakSipta jur3ate haiM to grantha aprAmANika yA vivAdAspada batAye jAte haiN| apabhraMza kA sAhitya isakA jIvanta udAharaNa mAnA gA sakatA hai| yadyapi apabhraMza ke racanAkAroM ke pAsa anubhava kI vizAla rAzi thI, ve jana-jIvana se jur3e the, phira bhI ve yaha mAnate the ki jo loga paNDita haiM, ve to mere isa kukAvya para dhyAna deMge hI nahIM aura jo mUrkha haiM ve apanI mUrkhatA ke kAraNa samajha nahIM sakeMge ataH jo bIcavAle arthAta na paNDita haiM, na mUrkha, ve hamAre kAvya ke cAhanevAle hoMge

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 Nahu rahai buhA kukavitta resi abuhattaNi abuhaha Nahu pavesi / jiNa makkha Na paMDiya majjhayAra tiha purau paDhibbau sabbavAra / kahanA na hogA ki yaha bIcavAlA varga hI sama kI bhAvanA se sAhitya kI saMvedanA ko grahaNa karatA hai, aura yahI kAraNa hai ki apabhraMza kI racanAdharmitA sadiyoM ke bAda bhI apanI saMvedanadharmitA, tAjagI evaM sandarbho ke kAraNa nita nUtana pratIta hotI hai| eka udAharaNa khumANarAso kA hama dekheM to yaha patA calatA hai ki ina racanAkAroM kI dRSTi kitanI sUkSmatA se kisI bAta ko mArmikatA pradAna karane meM paramparA kA Azraya grahaNa karatI thii| nAyikA kI vikalatA kA eka rUpa yaha bhI hai jo paramparA ke rUpa meM Aja bhI jIvita hai, dekheM - . piu cittaur3a na AviU, sAvaNa pahilI tIja / jovai bATa birahiNI khiNa-khiNa aNavai khIja // __ manodazAoM kA yaha svAbhAvika citraNa binA loka-saMsparza ke sambhava nahIM thaa|aadikaaliin jIvana kA saMsparza apabhraMza kI tathAkathita aitihAsika yA rAso kRtiyoM meM hI nahIM varan usa samaya ke siddhoM aura nAthoM kI vANiyoM meM bhI tatkAlIna abhivyakti kA TheTha rUpa dikhAyI par3atA hai| Aja to hindI ke bahuta se Alocaka rItikAla aura bhaktikAla kI racanAoM kA bIjasandarbha AdikAla kI apabhraMza racanAoM meM dekhane lage haiM, maiM nahIM samajhatA ki yaha 'loka' ke mithaka kA kamAla hai varana maiM to yaha mAnatA hU~ ki aisA bahuta kucha mAyane meM thA bhI - yaha gorakhanAtha kI vANI hai jo lokamana kI apanI vizeSatA hai, yoM udAharaNa ke lie pacIsoM siddhoM kI vANiyoM ko liyA jA sakatA hai jo paravartI sAhitya se lekara uttaravartI sAhitya taka sambandhasetu kA kArya karate rhe| gorakhanAtha kA yaha udAharaNa dekheM - habaki na bolibA, Thabaki na calibA, dhIre dharibA pA~va garaba na karibA, sahaa~ rahibA, bhaNaMta gorakha rA~va // yaha sahaja rahane kA apanA tarIkA hai jo apabhraMza ke racanAkAroM ke pAsa thaa| loka barAbara sahaja rahA karatA hai| yaha sambhava hai ki bAra-bAra 'loka' vyavahRta karane se kucha saMdeha utpanna hoM ki loka Akhira hai kyA ? to maiM sAhitya meM loka kI upasthiti ke lie una tatvoM kI ora saMketa karanA cAhatA hU~ jinake lie kahA gayA hai - "loka manuSya samAja kA vaha varga hai jo AbhijAtya saMskAra, zAstrIyatA aura pANDitya kI cetanA aura pANDitya ke ahaMkAra se zUnya hai aura jo eka paramparA ke pravAha meM jIvita rahatA hai| aise loka kI abhivyakti meM jo tattva milate haiM ve lokatattva kahalAte haiN| bA pAva

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 hindI kA apabhraMza sAhitya ina lokatattvoM tathA bhAvanAoM se bharA par3A hai| apanI isa TippaNI meM adhika vistAra ko mahattva na dete hue itanA kahanA cAhU~gA (agara tulanAtmaka daSTikoNa se dekhA jAyagA to candradhara zarmA gulerI ne apabhraMza ko purAnI hindI mAnA, hajArIprasAdajI ne AdikAla ke apane sAhityika vivecana meM avasarAnukUla tathya diye - kabhI apabhraMza ko gulerIjI ke anusAra svIkAra kiyA to kabhI svatantra rUpa dekara, kabhI apabhraMza ko lokabhASA mAnA to kabhI usakA vikAsa-sUtra kahIM se jor3a diyA isakI tArkika vivecanA rAmavilAsa zarmA ne apane hindI jAti kA sAhitya nAmaka pustaka meM 'dezI bhASA aura apabhraMza' zIrSaka se kiyA hai| lekina yahA~ para mujhe bhASAI vivAda meM nahIM par3anA hai kyoMki yaha eka alaga viSaya ho sakatA hai, yahA~ para merA abhISTa yaha rahA hai ki yadi apabhraMza sAhitya kI samRddha paramparA kI chAyA hama apane uttaravartI sAhitya para dekha sakate haiM, kabIra aura rItikAla taka pracArita-prasArita kara sakate haiM, paramAlarAso ko Alha-khaNDa kA pariSkRta rUpa batA sakate haiM, jo Alha-khaNDa Aja bhI lokamAnasa kI mithakIya yAtrA ko sIdhe atIta se jor3a detI hai to koI kAraNa nahIM dikhAI detA ki hama yaha kaha sakeM ki hamArA lokapakSa apabhraMza-kAvya paramparA meM nahIM thaa| ise hajArI prasAdajI/mAtAprasAda guptajI se lekara rAmasvarUpa caturvedI taka kisI na kisI rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| taba nizcita taura para hama apanI loka paramparAoM, saMvedanAoM tathA anubhUtiyoM kA sAhityika sUtra apabhraMza se jor3akara dekha sakate haiM) ki zodhoM ke vartamAna pariprekSya meM isa para vizeSa adhyayana kI AvazyakatA hai| hindI ke adhyetAoM kA dhyAna apabhraMza kI samRddha loka-paramparA kI ora jAya yaha TippaNI usa dizA meM eka anadhikArika prayAsa hai| astu ! 1. hindI sAhitya kA atIta, pR. 139 / 2. hindI sAhitya aura saMvedanA kA vikAsa, pR. 311 3. loka saMskRti aura itihAsa, badrInArAyaNa, kathyarUpa itihAsa pustikA, pR. 9 / 4. hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla, hajArIprasAda dvivedI, pR. 65 / 5. hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla, hajArIprasAda dvivedI, pR. 46 / 6. hindI sAhitya koza, bhAga eka, pRSTha 747 / sahAyaka sampAdaka, sarayUdhArA ajaya presa, nandanA pa. barahaja bAjAra devariyA, u.pra.-274601

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 rayaNAyaro vva sohAyamANu dIvANa pahANahiM dIvadIve jaMbU dumalaMchie jaMbudIve / veDhiyalavaNaNNavavalayamANe joyaNasayasahasaparippamANe / vitthiNNau iha siri bharahachettu gaMgANaisiMdhu hiM vipphuraMtuM / chakkhaMDabhUmirayaNaha~ NihANu rayaNAyaro vva sohAyamANu / ettharitha ravaNNau aMgadesu mahimahilai~NaM kiu divvavesu / jahi~ saravari uggaya paMkayAi~ NaM dharaNivayaNi NayaNullayAI / jahi~ hAliNirUvaNivaddhaNeha saMcallahi~ jakkha Na divvadeha / jahi~ bAlahi~ rakkhiya sAlikhetta moheviNu gIyae~ hariNakhaMta / jahiM dakkhaI bhuMjivi duhu muyaMti thalakamalahi paMthiya suha suyaMti / jahi~ sAraNisalili saroyapaMti airehai meiNi NaM hasati / pattA - tahiM desi ravaNNaI dhaNakaNapuNNaI atthi Nayari sumaNohariya / jaNaNayaNapiyArI mahiyali sArI caMpA NAmaI guNabhariya // karakaMDacariu 1.3 - dvIpoM meM pradhAna, dvIpoM ke dIpaka samAna, jambU vRkSa se lakSita jambUdvIpa hai, jo lavaNasamudra se valaya ke samAna veSTita tathA pramANa meM eka lAkha yojana hai| isa jambUdvIpa meM vizAla zrI bharatakSetra hai, jo gaMgA aura sindhu nadiyoM se visphurAyamAna hai| vaha chaha khaNDa bhUmirUpI ratnoM kA nidhAna hone se ratnAkara ke samAna zobhAyamAna hai| aise isa bharata kSetra meM ramaNIka aMga deza hai, jaise mAno pRthvI-mahilA ne divya veSa hI dhAraNa kiyA ho| jahA~ ke sarovaroM meM kamala uga rahe haiM, mAno dharaNI ke mukha para sundara nayana hI hoN| jahA~ kisAna-striyoM ke rUpa meM snehAsakta hokara divya dehadhArI yakSa nizcala ho gaye haiN| jahA~ bAlikAe~ carate hue hariNoM ke jhuNDoM ko apane gIta se mohita karake dhAna ke khetoM kI rakSA kara letI haiN| jahA~ pathika dAkha kA bhojanakara apane yAtrA ke duHkha se mukta hote aura sthala kamaloM para sukha se so jAte haiN| jahA~ kI naharoM ke pAnI meM kamaloM kI paMkti ati zobhAyamAna hotI hai, jaise mAno medinI ha~sa uThI ho| aise dhana-dhAnya se pUrNa usa ramaNIka aMga deza meM bar3I manohara, jananayana-pyArI, mahItala meM zreSTha aura guNoM se bharI huI campA nAma kI nagarI hai| anu. - DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 janavarI-julAI-1994 paumacariu aura rAmakathA-paramparA - suzrI madhubAlA nayAla rAmakathA-paramparA kabhI samApta na honevAlI aisI paramparA hai jo yugIna sandarbho se jur3akara apanI sArthakatA siddha karatI rahI hai| vividha kaviyoM ke hAthoM rUpa meM yatkiMcit parivartana ke bAda bhI rAmakathA kI upAdeyatA aura lokapriyatA meM koI antara nahIM AyA hai| rAmakathA kI apabhraMza kAvya-paramparA meM svayaMbhU kA 'paumacariu' apane maulika kathAprasaMgoM, caritra-saMghaTTana, zilpagata nUtanatAoM vizeSatayA upamAna-prayogoM kI dRSTi se viziSTa hai| pA~ca kANDoM-vidyAdhara kANDa, ayodhyA kANDa, sundara kANDa, yuddha kANDa evaM uttara kANDa meM baMTI kathA ke 20 saMdhiyoM yukta vidyAdhara kANDa meM RSabhajina-janma, jina-niSkramaNa, vAnaravaMza-utpatti, rAvaNa-carita Adi varNita haiN| rAmacarita kA Arambha mahAkavi ne ayodhyA kANDa se kiyA hai| 'paumacarita' ke rAjA dazaratha kI cAra rAniyA~ - aparAjitA, sumitrA, kaikeyI aura suprabhA hai| kaikeyI kI bhUmikA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa hai| anya rAmakathA-granthoM ke samAna vanavAsa kA kAraNa banakara vaha kathA ko eka nayA mor3a hI nahIM detI pratyuta droNa kI bahana ke rUpa meM apanI bhUmikA kA saphala nirvAha karatI hai| usake nivedana para hI droNaghana vizalyA ko eka hajAra anya kanyAoM ke sAtha laMkA bhejate haiN| 'paumacarita' meM droNAcala se auSadhi lAye jAne kA prasaMga nahIM hai, pratyut yahA~ droNa kautukamaMgala nagara ke rAjA aura vizalyA ke pitA haiN| vizalyA ke prabhAva

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 se lakSmaNa kI deha se rAvaNa dvArA prakSipta zakti svayameva nikala jAtI hai aura usake sugandhita jala se lakSmaNa svastha, sabala hote haiN|' rAmacandra aparAjitA ke, lakSmaNa sumitrA ke, bharata kaikeyI ke evaM zatrughna suprabhA ke putra haiN| dazaratha ke mitra rAjA janaka ke eka putra va eka putrI - bhAmaNDala evaM sItA haiN| vidyAdharoM kI upasthiti 'paumacariu' meM Aghanta hai| kathA ko nUtana mor3a dene meM unakI bhUmikA kadAcit kama mahattvapUrNa nhiiN| bhAmaNDala ko kisI deva dvArA apahRtakara vijayA parvata zreNI meM sthita rathanUpura cakravAla nagara meM nandana vana ke samIpa pheMka diyA jAtA hai, jisakA pAlana-poSaNa rAjA candragati aura rAnI puSpAvatI karate haiN| 'paumacarita' meM anya rAmakathA-granthoM ke samAna vizvAmitra kI upasthiti nahIM hai, na hI muniyoM evaM yajJa-rakSaNa hetu rAma-lakSmaNa unakA anugamana karate haiN| ve jainoM ke baladeva aura vAsudeva haiM - tAsu putta hosanti dhurandhara / vAsueva-valaeva dhaNuddhara / ' - unake dhanurdhArI baladeva aura vAsudeva dhurandhara putra hoMge / barbara, zabara, puliMda tathA mlecchoM kI senA se ghire rAjA janaka kI ve pitA kI AjJA se sahAyatA karate haiM, jisase prasanna hue rAjA jAnakI ko rAma ke lie arpita karate haiN| sItA ke rUpa-saundarya para kevala rAvaNa hI nahIM, pratyut nArada, bhillarAja rUdrabhUti aura kAlAntara meM (apane evaM sItA ke vAstavika saMbaMdha se anabhijJa) bhAmaNDala bhI AkarSita hote haiN| amarSa se kruddha anucaroM dvArA dhakke dekara bAhara nikAle gaye nArada sItA kA citra bhAmaNDala ko dikhAte haiN| paTa meM pratimA dekhakara kumAra kAmadeva ke paMcabANoM se biddha ho uThatA hai - diTTha jaM jeM paDeM paDima kumaar| paMcahiM sarahiM vidhu Na mAreM - kumAra ne jaise hI paTa meM pratimA dekhI to mAno use kAmadeva ne pA~coM tIroM se viddha kara diyaa| rAjA candragati apane putra kI dazA dekha capalavega vidyAdhara ko rAjA janaka ke apaharaNa kA Adeza dete haiN| apahRtakara lAye gae janaka se candragati svajanatva karane kA prastAva rakhatA hai jise ve - diNNa kaNNa maiM dasaraha-taNayaho (mere dvArA dazaratha-putra ke lie kanyA de dI gaI) - kahakara ThukarA dete haiM (21.11.4) / svayaMvara-prasaMga 'paumacariu' meM yatkiMcit bhinna hai| rAma evaM lakSmaNa yahA~ vajrAvarta evaM samadrAvarta nAmaka atyanta darjaya bhAvavAle do dhanaSoM ko AyAma ke sAtha caDhAte haiN| ye donoM dhanaSa rAjA candragati ke rAjya se mithilA lAye jAte haiN| rAma kA vivAha sItA se hotA hai aura rAjA zazivarddhana apanI aThAraha kanyAoM meM se ATha lakSmaNa ko aura dasa choTe bhAiyoM ko arpita karate haiN| isI svayaMvara meM rAjA droNa vizalyA ko lakSmaNa ke lie saMkalpita karate haiN|

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apabhraMza - bhAratI 5-6 'paumacariu' ke rAjA dazaratha kaikeyI ko vara dete hue viSaNNa nahIM hote, apitu garvasahita rAma-lakSmaNa ko pukArakara jar3a tuhu~ puttu mahu, to ettiu pesaNu kijjai chattai~ baisaNau, vasumai bharahaho appijjai / - * yadi tuma mere sacce putra ho to siMhAsana, chatra aura pRthvI bharata ko arpita kara do - Adeza dete haiN| 'paumacariu' ke lakSmaNa kA isa avasara para pradarzita krodha vAlmIki rAmAyaNa ke lakSmaNa kI tulanA meM santulita hai| unakI tulanA meM bharata adhika kaTu zabdoM kA prayoga karate haiN| rAjA ke pravrajyA hetu nikalane para bharata bhI unake sAtha saMnyAsa grahaNa kI icchA karate haiM, jisa para pitA unheM DA~Tate haiM - kiM pahilau paTTU paDicchiu / ' pahale tumane rAjapaTTa kI icchA kyoM kI ? 9 kAvya meM lakSmaNa kI bhUmikA unheM nAyakatva kA adhikArI banAtI hai| ve rAma kA anugamana to karate haiM para mAtra anucara na rahakara aneka avasaroM para svataMtra nirNaya lete haiN| citrakUTa ke pazcAt rAma-lakSmaNa kA jAnakIsahita sahasrakUTa jina bhavana meM praveza, jinavaroM kI vandanA, vajrakarNa para prasanna hue rAma kA lakSmaNa ko siMhodara nivAraNa kA Adeza, vikhyAta vajrakarNa aura siMhodara kA lakSmaNa ko tIna sau kanyAeM arpita karanA kathA ke AgAmI prasaMga haiM / 'paumacariu' ke rAma lakSmaNa ke sAtha hI vividha nagaroM meM praviSTa hote haiN| kUbara nagara kA rAjA puruSavezadhArI kalyANamAlA hai jo kumAra lakSmaNa para Asakta ho unheM rAma-sItAsahita AmaMtrita karatA hai| rAma aura lakSmaNa sarovara meM apanI patniyoM ke sAtha devakrIr3A karate haiM tahiM sara hayaleM sa kalatta ve vi hari - halahara, rohiNa raNahiM NaM parimiya canda - divAyara 110 - - rAjA bAlikhilya ko rUdrabhUti kI kArA se mukta karavAkara vAsudeva aura baladeva munivara ke samAna yoga lekara sthita hote haiN| vindhya - mahIdhara se AyA pUtana yakSa Adhe pala meM hI unake lie nagara nirmita karatA hai aura unheM sughoSa nAmaka vINA, AbharaNasahita mukuTa vilepana, maNikuNDala, kaTisUtra aura kaMkaNa pradAna karatA hai| 11 jIvaMta nagara meM AtmahatyA hetu udyata vanamAlA se lakSmaNa vivAha karate haiM aura kAlAntara meM vanAntara meM rAma kA ghara banAkara tulAlagna meM lauTane kA vacana dete haiN| godAvarI nadI se Age kSemAMjali nagara ke surazekhara udyAna meM rAma-sItA ko chor3a nagara meM praviSTa hue lakSmaNa ko bhaTazavoM kA bhayaMkara vizAla samUha dikhAI detA hai| aridamana aura usakI putrI jitapadmA kA mAnamardana kara ve usase varamAla prApta karate haiN| vaMzasthala nagara meM muniyoM para upasarga hotA dekha rAma-lakSmaNa

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10 apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 unakA zamana karate haiM evaM garur3a se sAta sau zaktiyoMsahita siMhavAhinI tathA tIna sau zaktiyoMsahita garur3avAhinI vidyA prApta karate haiN| rAma munivara kulabhUSaNa se pA~ca mahAvratoM, pA~ca aNuvratoM, tIna guNavratoM, cAra zikSAvratoM kA phala sunate haiM tathA jinapUjA aura jinAbhiSeka karate hue saikar3oM digambara muniyoM ko AhAra karavAkara dInoM ko dAna dete haiN| unake daNDakAraNya meM rahate hue munigupta evaM sugupta kA vahA~ Agamana hotA hai| prasanna munigaNa ke prabhAva se deva sAr3he tIna lAkha atyanta mUlyavAna ratnoM kI vRSTi karate haiN| 2 dAna-Rddhi dekha khagezvara jaTAyu ko pUrvajanma kA smaraNa ho AtA hai| ratnoM ke prakAza se Alokita usake paMkha sone ke, coMca vidvama kI, kaNTha nIlamaNi ke samAna. paira vaidUrya maNiyoM ke aura pITha maNiyoM kI ho jAtI hai / lakSmaNa una maNiratnoM se rathavara kI racanA karate haiN| hajAroM maNiratnoM se racita jaMgalI hAthiyoM se jute usa ratha kI dhurA para lakSmaNa aura bhItara rAma baiThakara dharatI para bhramaNa karate haiN| paMcavaTI-prasaMga bhI isa kAvya meM bhinna rUpa meM upasthita hai| sUrpaNakhA yahA~ candranakhA hai jo pAtAla laMkA ke rAjA khara kI (rAmacarita mAnasa ke samAna bahana nahIM) patnI hai| apane putra zambUka ke khaDga-prApti kA kAla samIpa AyA jAna, maMgala sAja sajAye vaha vaMzasthala ke samIpa pahu~catI hai, vahA~ putra kA kaTA huA sira dekha pratizodhabhAva se bharI rAma-lakSmaNa ke samIpa pahu~catI hai| kintu, unake saundarya para lubdha ho sura-sundarI kA rUpa dhAraNakara ucca svara meM krandana karatI vaha sItA kA dhyAna AkRSTa karane meM saphala hotI hai| yahA~ lakSmaNa candranakhA ko nAsA-vihIna nahIM karate pratyuta usake pakSa ko cunautI dete haiN| dInamukha, rudana karatI candranakhA svayaM apane nakhoM se apanA vakSa vidArita kara khara-dUSaNa ke sammukha jAtI hai| dUSaNa rAvaNa ko sandeza preSitakara svayaM yuddharata hotA hai| 'paumacariu' ke lakSmaNa vaMzasthala se sUryahAsa nAmaka khaDga prApta karate haiN| khela-khela meM kiye gaye prahAra se vaMzasthala se eka kaTA sira uchalatA hai jise dekha hatyA ke lie svayaM ko dhikkArate hue lakSmaNa rAma se vastusthiti kA jJAna prApta karate haiN| rAmAyaNI kathA-krama apanAte hue bhI svayambhUdeva ne isa sthala para krama meM parivartana kiyA hai|khr-lkssmnn-yuddh ke madhya rAvaNa yuddhasthala meM pahu~catA hai aura avalokinI vidyA kI sahAyatA se rAma-lakSmaNa kA gupta saMketa (siMhanAda) jAna letA hai|" ___ 'paumacariu' meM rAma sItA ko ekAkI chor3a lakSmaNa kI rakSA ke lie daur3a par3ate haiM, jinheM lakSmaNa dvArA sItA-haraNa kI AzaMkA vyaktakara Azrama kI ora lauTAyA jAtA hai| rAvaNa ke prahAra se nirdalita jaTAyu ko rAma pA~ca bAra NamokAra mantra kA uccAraNa kara ATha mUlaguNa dete haiN|18 rAvaNa sItA ko puSpaka vimAna para car3hA laMkA nagara kI zobhA dikhAtA hai| antataH use azokamAlinI bAvar3I ke samIpavartI pradeza meM pratiSThita kara calA jAtA hai| vAnaroM dvArA rAma kI zakti ke sambandha meM zaMkA vyakta karane para lakSmaNa koTi-zilA kA saMcAlana karate haiN| svayaM sItA ko rAma se adhika lakSmaNa kI zakti para vizvAsa hai - rAma se nahIM, kevala tumhAre bhujayugala se rAvaNa kA vadha hogaa|"

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 11 'rAmacaritamAnasa' kI bhA~ti 'paumacariu' kI rAma-senA vimAna-vihIna nhiiN| hanumAna padmaprabha vimAna para suzobhita hote haiM aura vibhISaNa rAma-lakSmaNa ke lie vidyutaprabha aura meghaprabha vimAna pradAnakara svayaM ke lie raviprabha evaM zaziprabha vimAna rakhatA hai| yuddha meM rAvaNa vibhISaNa para zakti-prahAra karatA hai jise lakSmaNa apane hRdaya para jhelate haiM aura mUrcchita ho gira par3ate haiN| lakSmaNa kI mUrchA ke samAcAra para sItA bhI mUrcchita hokara gira par3atI hai| 'paumacariu' meM lakSmaNa ke jIvana-rakSaNa meM samartha vizalyA ayodhyA meM upalabdha hotI hai| 'Ananda rAmAyaNa' evaM 'sAketa' meM bhI hanumAna ko vizalyakaraNI auSadhi ayodhyA meM hI milatI hai| droNa aura vizalyA yahA~ parvata aura auSadhi nahIM, sajIva mAnava dehadhArI haiN| 'sAketa' meM rAma-rAvaNa yuddha kI sUcanA pA ayodhyAvAsI uttejita ho yuddha ke lie prastuta hote haiN| maithilIzaraNa gupta ne sambhavataH isa prasaMga kI preraNA 'paumacariu' se prApta kI hogI, yahA~ bharata ke raNabherI bajAte hI asaMkhya senA sajane lagatI hai| vizalyA ke snAnajala se svastha hue lakSmaNa jAmbavanta ke parAmarza para usakA pANigrahaNa karate haiN| isa sUcanA se cintita huA rAvaNa bahurUpiNI vidyA kI siddhi ke lie zAntinAtha mandira meM jAkara dhyAna karatA hai| phAlguna meM nandIzvara vrata ke Agamana para nagara meM hiMsA roka dI jAtI hai| rAma-rAvaNa ke madhya sAta dinoM taka cale anirNIta yuddha ke pazcAt lakSmaNa svayaM yuddharata hote haiN| vAsudeva aura prativAsudeva (rAvaNa) ke madhya ho rahe yuddha ke bIca zazivardhana kI kanyAeM AkAza se nIce utaratI haiN| dasa dina taka yuddha kara avalokinI vidyA - "laMkesara mahu ettaDiya satti"[ laMkezvara ! merI itanI hI zakti hai| (75.20.2)] - kahakara lupta ho jAtI hai / lakSmaNa kI vadhecchA se prerita huA rAvaNa una para cakra-prahAra karatA hai kintu vAsudeva kA Ayudha cakra Akara unake hAtha para baiTha jAtA hai| vAsudeva lakSmaNa usI cakra se rAvaNa kA vakSasthala khaNDita karate haiN| rAvaNa-vadha para kSubdha vibhISaNa churI se AtmahatyA hetu udyata hote haiM aura sasaMjJa ho karuNa vilApa karate haiN| vibhISaNa ke sAtha hI rAma-lakSmaNa evaM vAnara-samUha bhI rudana karatA hai| lokAcAra ke nirvAha ke lie svayaM rAma dazAnana ke lie jala dete haiN| mandodarI saparivAra sarva parigraha tyAgakara pANipAtra AhAra grahaNa karatI hai| rAvaNa-putra indrajIta, meghavAhana, maya, kumbhakarNa, mArIca Adi saMnyAsa lete haiM / 74 anya rAma-kAvyoM ke samAna rAma-lakSmaNa vibhISaNa kA abhiSeka kara zIghra hI ayodhyA nahIM lauTate, apitu chaH varSa taka laMkA meM rahate haiN| isa kAlAvadhi meM lakSmaNa kI samasta patniyA~ - kalyANamAlA, vanamAlA, jitapadmA, somA Adi laMkA pahu~ca jAtI haiM / nArada dvArA mAtA aparAjitA kI vedanA jAna rAma ayodhyA lauTate haiN| vibhISaNa apane nirmANakartA bhejakara svarNa se ayodhyAnagarI kA punarnirmANa karAtA hai| virata bharata ko tapovana jAne se rokane ke lie rAma ke Adeza para jAnakI Adi sundariyA~ unake sAtha sarovara meM jala-krIr3A karatI haiN| kaikeyI bhI keza loMcakara dIkSA grahaNa karatI hai|

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12 apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 raghunandana ko rAjapaTTa bA~dhe jAne ke bahuta dinoM bAda bharata kA nidhana ho jAtA hai| lakSmaNa ko tIna khaNDa dharatI aura zatrughna ko mathurA nagarI pradAna kI jAtI hai| sItA-nirvAsana prasaMga vAlmIki evaM Ananda rAmAyaNa ke samAna yahA~ bhI upalabdha hai| parityaktA sItA ke zApa ke bhaya se devaloka vanajaMgha (vAlmIki nahIM) kI bheMTa sItA devI se karA detA hai jo unheM apanI bahana ghoSitakara puNDarIka nagara le jAtA hai| sItA ke putroM - lavaNa kA kanakamAlA aura aMkuza kA taraMgamAlA se vivAha hotA hai| nArada dvArA prerita kiye jAne para sItA-putra ayodhyA para AkramaNa karate haiN| rAma aura lavaNa ke madhya ho rahe yuddha meM rAma dvArA saMcAlita astra lavaNa taka nahIM phuNcte| phalataH lakSmaNa lavaNa aura aMkuza ke vadha hetu apanA cakra ghumAkara mArate haiN| AzA ke viparIta vaha cakra lavaNa-aMkuza kI tIna pradakSiNAeM dekara lakSmaNa ke pAsa vApasa A jAtA hai| rAma dvArA bheje gae puSpaka vimAna para ArUr3ha hone ke pUrva sItA rAma ko upAlambha detI hai - 'patthara hRdaya rAma kA nAma mata lo| unase mujhe kabhI sukha nahIM milA, maiM yaha jAnatI huuN|26 agni-parIkSA-prasaMga 'paumacariu' meM uttarakANDa meM hai| anta meM, vaha agni nava kamaloM se AvRtta sarovara meM badala jAtI hai| sItA apane sira ke keza dAyeM hAtha se ukhAr3akara rAmacandra ke sammukha DAla detI hai aura sarvabhUSaNa muni ke pAsa jAkara dIkSA le letI hai| lakSmaNa ke ATha putra rAma ke putroM se kSubdha ho mahAbala mahAmuni ke pAsa jAkara dIkSA le lete haiM 28 bhAmaNDala kI mRtyu mastaka para bijalI girane se hotI hai| rAma-lakSmaNa ke durlabhaprema ke kAraNa IrSyAyukta hue devagaNa lakSmaNa ko jaise hI- 'rAmacandra mara gae' kahate haiM ki lakSmaNa 'are rAma ke kyA ho gayA' kahate-kahate deha-tyAga dete haiM - khulI huI A~kheM ! eka dama aDola zarIra ! lakSmaNa kI mRtyu para viSaNNa lavaNa-aMkuza bhI jina-dharma meM dIkSita hote haiN| ananya prema ke kAraNa rAma lakSmaNa kA dAha-saMskAra karane ko taiyAra nahIM hote apitu unmatta kI bhA~ti sAmantoM se kahate haiM - 'apane svajanoM ke sAtha tuma jala jAo, tumhAre mA~-bApa jaleM, merA bhAI to ciraMjIvI hai| lakSmaNa ko lekara maiM vahA~ jAtA hU~ jahA~ duSToM ke ye vacana sunane meM na aaveN| lakSmaNa kI mRta deha ko cUmate, pralApa karate rAma unheM kandhoM para rakha snAnAgAra meM le jA snAna karAte haiM, unheM maNi-ratnoM ke AbhUSaNoM se susajjita kara unake mu~ha meM kaura dete haiM aura Adhe varSa taka apane kandhoM para zava Dhote phirate haiN| svayaMbhUdeva ne yathArtha caritra-sRSTi kI hai| atyanta sAmAnya manuSya kI bhA~ti rAma bhI apane priya kI mRtyu sahaja svIkAra nahIM krte| __isI avadhi meM indrajIta aura khara ke putra ayodhyA para AkramaNa karate haiN| rathArUr3ha rAma bhAI ko goda meM lekara vajrAvarta dhanuSa tAnate haiN| anta meM, bodha prApta hone para ve unakA sarayU-taTa para antima saMskAra karate haiN| lavaNa ke putra ko rAjya-bhAra sauMpakara rAma suvrata RSi ke samIpa jA dIkSA-grahaNa karate haiN| rAma kI mAtAe~, zatrughna tathA solaha hajAra rAjA, sattAIsa hajAra striyA~ bhI dIkSA letI haiN|

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apabhraMza - bhAratI 5-6 sneha se vyAkula lakSmaNa ko naraka kA bhAgI bananA par3atA hai 32 paramparAgata mAnyatAoM ke kAraNa jaina-granthoM meM bhI nAyaka rAma hI haiM, para ve lakSmaNa kI preraka zakti haiM 3 'paumacariu ' ke lakSmaNa kA varNa 'gaura' nahIM, 34 marakata maNi ke samAna hai 35 kavi svayaMbhU rAma ke varNa ke saMghAta se lakSmaNa kA varNa harA-marakata maNi-sA citrita karate haiM / kathA-prasaMgoM ke atirikta ve upamAna-prayoga meM bhI maulikatA kA paricaya dete haiM; utprekSAoM, upamAoM kI ve jhar3I-sI lagA dete haiM cAhe prasaMga kAruNika 36 ho yA praNaya 37 kA / 13 'paumacariu' eka vizAla prabandha kAvya hai jisameM kavi pratibhA kA pUrNa unmeSa prApta hotA hai| 'paumacariu' apabhraMza sAhitya kA jaina bhaktiparaka grantha hai phalataH kavi ne kathA kA prArambha RSabha-jina-janma ke sAtha kiyA hai| yathAavasara jina bhakti, paMca mahAvratoM, aNuvratoM, guNavratoM aura zikSAvratoM kI mahattA kA pratipAdana karane meM bhakta kavi cUkatA nahIM hai / kavi kAvyasaundarya - vRddhi ke lie bhI yatra-tatra jina-bhaktiparaka upamAnoM kA prayoga karatA hai| - sIhorAli-samuTThiya kalayalu / NAi~ paDhai muNi- suvvaya - maGgalu 140 siMhoM kI garjanAoM se uThA huA kalakala zabda aisA lagatA thA mAno vaha munisuvrata tIrthaMkara kA maMgala pATha par3ha rahA hai| jaM pasaMta padIsiya muNivara / sAvaya jiha tiha paNaviya taruvara / 41 - jaba unhoMne muni ko praveza karate hue dekhA to vRkSoM ne zrAvakoM kI taraha unheM praNAma kiyA / sajjiyAi~ ca haMsa vimANai~ jiNavara-bhavaNaho aNuharamANai~ (42 cAroM haMsa - vimAna sajA diye gaye jo jinavara - bhavanoM ke samAna the / rAmakathA ke adhikAMza pAtra kAvya-grantha meM jina dharma meM dIkSita hote haiM 43 yoM to tulasI ne bhI rAmacaritamAnasa meM rAma dvArA zivapUjA - vandanA karavAI hai kintu isase pUrva kavi svayambhU ne pUjA-vandanA - paramparA kA paumacariu meM saphalatApUrvaka nirvAha kiyA hai / svayambhUdeva kA lakSya rAmakathA ke mAdhyama se jina-bhakti kA pracAra evaM jaina darzana kI sArthakatA siddha karanA hai| isameM ve saphala bhI hue haiM kintu rAma kathA - paramparA meM apane maulika kathA - prasaMgoM ke kAraNa 'paumacariu' ullekhanIya hai, isameM koI sandeha nahIM / 1. paumacariu, mahAkavi svayambhU, 21.41 2. paumacariu, 69.17.2-31 3. vAlmIki rAmAyaNa, bAlakANDa, 22.13; mAnasa, bAlakANDa pR. 218; avadha vilAsa, vizvAmitra - yajJa, pR. 131 / 4. paumacariu, 21.1.3 / adhyAtma rAmAyaNa, bAlakANDa, 5.25; rAmacandrikA, 2.28;

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14 5. paumacariu, 21.9.11 6. paumacariu, 21.141 7. paumacariu, 22.8.9 / 8. paumacariu, 22.10 1 9. paumacariu, 245.71 10. paumacariu, 26.14 11. paumacariu, 28.17 / 12. paumacariu, 35.1.11 13. paumacariu, 36.1.1-21 14. paumacariu, 36.4-101 15. paumacariu, 37.2.8 / 16. paumacariu, 37.3.41 17. paumacariu, 37.13.31 18. paumacariu, 39.2.1 / 19. paumacariu, 50.13.9-10 / 20. paumacariu, 60.4.6-7 / 21. Ananda rAmAyaNa, sAra kANDam, 47-54; 22. sAketa, dvAdaza sarga, pR. 297-315 / 23. paumacariu, 75.22.9-101 24. paumacariu, 78.5.1-2 / 25. paumacariu, 78.18.2-7 / 26. paumacariu, 83.6.1-2 / 27. paumacariu, 83.18.1-8 / 28. paumacariu, 86.10.3-111 29. paumacariu, 87.7.1-5 / 30. paumacariu, 88.1.12 / 31. paumacariu, 88.11.1-10 apabhraMza - bhAratI 5-6 sAketa, ekAdaza sarga, 293 / 32. paumacariu, 89.1.3-41 33. DaoN. saMkaTAprasAda upAdhyAya, mahAkavi svayambhU, pR. saM. 184 / 34. vAlmIki rAmAyaNa, sundara kANDa, 35.22-23; Ananda rAmAyaNa, sArakANDam, 216; mAnasa, bAla kANDa, 220, 221.4 /

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apabhraMza - bhAratI 5-6 35. paumacariu, 38.12.1 / 36. paumacariu, 65.1-9; 75.7.1-8; 76.12.1-9 / 37. paumacariu, 26.10.1- 11; 26.14.4-9 / 38. paumacariu, 66.44.3 / 'veNNi vi jiNa - NAmeM Namiya- sira' 34.1-9 / 39. paumacariu, 32.7.1-10; 40. paumacariu, 34.10.8 / 41. paumacariu, 34.12.11 42. paumacariu, 60.4.31 12, haMsa nivAsa mallItAla, nainItAla 15

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16 apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 NaM amaravimANahi~ maNaharehi~ jA veDhiya parihAjalabhareNa NaM meiNi rehai sAyareNa / uttuMgadhavalakausIsaehi~ NaM saggu chivai vAhUsaehiM / jiNamandira rehahi~ jAhi~ tuMga NaM puNNapuMja Nimmala ahaMga / koseyapaDAyau ghari lulaMti NaM seyasappa Nahi salavalaMti / jA paMcavaNNamaNikiraNaditta kusumaMjali NaM mayaNeNa pitta / cittaliyahiM jA sohai gharehi pAM amaravimANahi~ maNaharehiM / NavakuMkumachaDayahi~ jA sahei samaraMgaNu mayaNaho NaM kahei / rattuppalAI bhUmihi~ gayAi~ NaM kahai dharatI phalasayAI / jiNavAsapujjamAhappaeNa Na vi kAmuya jittA kaamenn| karakaMDacariu 1.4 vaha campA nagarI jala-bharI parikhA se ghirI hone ke kAraNa, sAgara se veSTita pRthvI ke samAna zobhAyamAna hai| vaha apane U~ce prAsAda-zikharoM se aisI pratIta hotI hai mAno apanI saikar3oM bAhuoM dvArA svarga ko chU rahI ho| vahA~ vizAla jinamaMdira aise zobhAyamAna haiM mAno nirmala aura abhaMga puNya ke puMja hI hoN| ghara-ghara rezama kI patAkAe~ ur3a rahI haiM mAno AkAza meM zveta sarpa salabalA rahe hoN| vaha pacaraMge maNiyoM kI kiraNoM se dedIpyamAna ho rahI hai mAno madana ne apanI kusumAMjali hI car3hAyI ho| vaha citramaya gharoM se aisI zobhAyamAna hai jaise mAno ve devoM ke manohara vimAna hI hoN| nayI kezara kI chaTAoM kI vahA~ aisI zobhA hai ki mAno vaha kaha rahI ho ki madana kA samarAMgaNa yahI to hai| vahA~ sthAna-sthAna para rakta-kamala bikhare hue haiM,mAno vaha pukAra-pukArakara kaha rahI hai ki maiM hI saikar3oM prakAra ke phaloM ko dhAraNa karatI huuN| vahA~ bhagavAna vAsupUjya ke mAhAtmya se puruSa kAmI hokara kAmadeva dvArA jIte nahIM jaate| anu. - DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 janavarI-julAI-1994 11 adhyAtmarasika kabIra kI pRSThabhUmi meM muni rAmasiMha - DaoN (zrImatI) puSpalatA jaina muni rAmasiMha hindI sAhitya ke AdikAlIna apabhraMza ke adhyAtma-sAdhaka kavi rahe haiM jinhoMne darzana aura adhyAtma ke kSetra meM eka nayI krAnti kA sUtrapAta kiyaa| unakI sAdhanA AtmAnubhUti athavA svasaMvedyajJAna para AdhArita thI isalie unake graMtha 'pAhuDadohA' meM adhyAtma kiMvA rahasyavAda ke tattva sahaja hI dRSTigata hote haiN| sva. DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina ne muni rAmasiMha kA samaya saM. 1100 I. se pUrva mAnA hai|' pAhuDadohA ke kucha dohe hera-phera ke sAtha AcArya hemacandra ne apane graMtha prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM uddhRta kiye haiM jo 1093 aura 1143 I. ke bIca likhA gyaa| apabhraMza ke pUrvakAlIna kavi yogIndu (chaThI zatI) ke 'paramAtmaprakAza' kA prabhAva bhI muni rAmasiMha ke pAhuDadohA para rahA hogaa| yaha tathya isase bhI siddha hotA hai ki muni rAmasiMha ne yogIndu dvArA prastAvita viSaya ko kucha aura Age bddh'aayaa| yogIndu jisa rahasyabhAvanA kI carcA karate haiM muni rAmasiMha ke pAhuDadohA meM vahI viSaya kucha adhika vikasita-rUpa meM dikhAI detA hai| isa dRSTi se DaoN. hIrAlAlajI dvArA nirdhArita 1100 I. se pUrvavAle samaya ko yadi hama lagabhaga 9vIM-10vIM zatAbdI pIche taka le jAyeM to koI asaMgati nahIM hogii|

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 muni rAmasiMha kI ekamAtra kRti pAhuDadohA ne unheM adhyAtma aura bhakti meM samarasa hokara rahasya kI carama sthiti ko prApta karane kA mArga nirdiSTa kiyaa| dhArmika aMdhavizvAsoM, rUr3hiyoM aura paramparAoM kA virodhakara dhArmika bAhyADambaroM aura pAkhaMDoM para tIkhA prahAra karate hue unhoMne citta kI zuddhi para bala diyA aura saMsArI prANI ko apanA Atmika kalyANa karane kA nayA sandeza diyaa| saMta-sAhitya kI paramparA AcArya parazurAma caturvedI Adi jaise pratiSThita hindI sAhitya ke vidvAnoM ne saMvat 1200 se prArambha kI hai aura inhoMne jayadeva ko prathama saMta svIkAra kiyA hai| aisA lagatA hai ina vidvAnoM ne apane vicAra vyakta karate samaya jaina saMta-paramparA ko dhyAna meM nahIM rkhaa| jaina sAhitya ke dekhane se adhyetA ko yaha spaSTa AbhAsa hone lagegA ki jaina saMtoM kA prArambha lagabhaga IsA kI prathama zatI se ho jAtA hai| isake Adi saMta ke rUpa meM AcArya kundakunda ko svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai jinhoMne pravacanasAra, samayasAra, niyamasAra aura aSTapAhuDa meM cetana tattva ke vibhinna AyAmoM ko digdarzita kiyA hai| unhIM kI laMbI paramparA meM yogIndu, rAmasiMha, AnaMdatilaka, banArasIdAsa, AnaMdaghana, bhUdharadAsa, bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, dhAnatarAya Adi zatAdhika saMta kavi hue haiM jinakA yogadAna saMta-paramparA ke vikAsa meM avismaraNIya hai| isa paramparA ke AdhAra para hama saM-paramparA ko adhika nahIM to lagabhaga chaThI zatAbdI se to prAraMbha kara hI sakate haiM aura prArambhika pratiSThAtmaka ke rUpa meM yogIndu ko svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| muni rAmasiMha ne isI paramparA ko vikasita kiyA aura uttarakAlIna saMta unhIM ke caraNacihnoM para bar3hate hue dikhAI dete haiN| hindI sAhitya kI bhaktikAlIna saMta-paramparA kI pRSThabhUmi meM vizuddhi tattva sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa rahA hai| yogIndu isake prasthApaka the, muni rAmasiMha saMyojaka the aura kabIra ne isake pracAraka ke rUpa meM kAma kiyA thaa| saMta yadhapi kisI na kisI saMpradAya se jur3A rahatA hai para vizuddhi sApekSatA meM vaha asAmpradAyika hI rahatA hai / kabIra kA vyaktitva saMpradAya se Upara uThA huA hai| jainadharma saMpradAya hote hue bhI sampradAyAtIta hai aura kadAcit usake isI tattva ne kabIra ko AkarSita kiyA ho| yahI kAraNa hai ki unakI vicAradhArA pUrvavartI jaina saMtoM se bahuta mela khAtI hai| yaha saMbhAvanA isalie aura bhI bar3ha jAtI hai ki kabIra ke kAla meM (lagabhaga san 13981518 I.) meM paMjAba jaina saMskRti kA eka sudRr3ha kendra rahA hai| samIkSakoM ke isa vicAra se hama bhalI-bhAMti paricita haiM ki kabIra ne apane nirguNa paMtha kI sthApanA meM nAthoM ke haThayoga, vaiSNavoM kI sarasatA, zaMkarAcArya ke mAyAvAda aura sUphiyoM ke premavAda kA Azraya liyA hai| parantu Azcarya hai ki kisI ne unapara jainadharma ke prabhAva kI bAta nahIM khii| vastuta:kabIra-sAhitya kI pRSThabhUmi meM jaina saMta-paramparA, vizeSataH muni rAmasiMha ke vicAroM ne nIMva ke patthara kA kAma kiyA jo svayaM to pracchanna raheM para apanI sabala pITha para nirguNa saMta-paramparA ke bhavya prAsAda ko nirmita kara diyaa| ___ saMta kavi 'kAgada kI lekhI' kI apekSA 'AMkhina dekhI' para adhika vizvAsa kiyA karate the|svaanubhuuti unakA vizeSa guNa thaa| yaha guNa usI ko prApta ho sakatA hai jo rAga-dveSAdi vikAroM

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 19 ko dUrakara paramAtmapada kI prApti meM saceSTa ho| muni rAmasiMha ne anubhavajanya jJAna ko sarvopari mAnakara use zAstrajJAna se U~cA sthAna diyaa| mAtra zAstrajJAna kI nirarthakatA ko siddha karate hue unhoMne kahA - he paMDita, tUne kaNa ko chor3a tuSa ko kUTA hai, tU graMtha aura usake artha meM saMtuSTa hai kintu paramArtha ko nahIM jAnatA isalie tU mUrkha hai| Age ve saMsArI jIva ko salAha dete haiM - tumane bahuta par3hA jisase tAlu sUkha gayA para mUrkha hI banA rhaa| usa eka hI akSara ko par3ha jisase zivapurI taka pahu~cA jA sake - bahuyaIM paDhiyaI mUDha para tAlu sukkar3a jeNa / ekku ji akkharu taM paDhahu sivapurI gammahiM jeNa / ' eka anyatra dohe meM bhI ve AtmajJAna ko sarvopari batAte hue kahate haiM - jisake mana meM jJAna visphurita nahIM huA vaha muni sakala zAstroM ko jAnate hue bhI, karmoM ke kAraNoM kA baMdha karatA huA, sukha nahIM pAtA - jasu maNi NANu Na vipphurai kammahaM heu karaMtu / so muNi pAvai sukkhu Na vi sayalaI sattha muNaMtu / / 24 // * muni rAmasiMha kI bhAMti adhyAtma-rasika kabIra ne bhI AtmAnubhava ko zreSTha mAnA hai| kaI sthaloM para to unhoMne DA~Ta-phaTakAravAlI zailI ko apanAte hue aise kore akSarajJAniyoM aura vedapAThiyoM ko phaTakArA bhI hai - paDhi-paDhi paMDita veda bakhANa, bhItari hUtI basata na jaann| arthAt paMDitaloga par3ha-par3hakara vedajJAna kI carcA to karate haiM kintu svayaM meM sthita bar3e bhArI tattva brahma yA AtmA ko nahIM jaante| eka anyatra dohe meM unhoMne muni rAmasiMha ke bhAvoM ko hI apane zabdoM meM vyakta kiyA hai - pothI par3hi-prar3hi jaga muvA, paMDita bhayA na koii| aika Akhara pIva kA, par3he su paMDita hoI / ' anya saMtoM ne bhI kisI dharmagraMtha kI prAmANikatA na mAnakara svAnubhUti ko vizeSa mahattva diyA hai muni rAmasiMha ke hI samAna kabIra ne isI ko saccA AnaMda kahA~ hai - "Apahu Apu vicAriye, tabaketA hoya AnaMda re|" kabIra kA brahma sarvavyApaka hai| unhoMne pratyeka AtmA ke andara paramAtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra kiyA hai jise vaha mithyAtva kA avidyA mAyA ke kAraNa jAna nahIM pAtA sadguru kI preraNA se mithyAtva yA avidyA ke dUra hote hI vaha samajhane lagatA hai ki 'jIva brahma nahiM bhinna hai' arthAt 'aham brhmaasmi'| brahma aura jIva ke isa abhedatva ko unhoMne eka dohe meM sundara aura spaSTa zabdoM meM vyakta kiyA hai - . jala meM kuMbha kuMbha meM jala hai, bhItari bAhari pAnI phUTA kuMbha jala jalahiM samAnA, yaha tata kahyo giyAnI /

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20 apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 unhoMne usake ananta nAma diye haiM - "aparampAra kA nAuM anaMta" rAma, rahIma, khudA, khAlika, kezava, karIma, bIThalurAu, sat satnAma aparampAra, alakha niraMjana, puruSottama, nirguNa, nirAkAra, hari, mohana aadi| sAtha hI kabIra usa paramAtmA yA brahma ko"varan vivarajina hai rayA, naoN so syAma ne seta" mAnate haiM aura vaha pratyeka ghaTa (zarIra) meM vyApta hai parantu ajJAnavaza loga brahma kI khoja sahasroM mIla dUra sthita maMdira, masjida, girijAghara Adi tIrthoM meM karate haiN| unheM duHkha aura Azcarya hotA hai ki apane bhItara vidyamAna AtmA-paramAtmA ko koI nahIM dekhatA - kastUrI kuMDalI vasai, mRga DhU~Dhai bana mA~hi / aise ghaTi-ghaTi rAma haiM, duniyA dekhe nAhiM // 10 kabIra kI AtmA-paramAtmA saMbaMdhI lagabhaga sabhI mAnyatAeM unake pUrvakAlIna muni rAmasiMha se kAphI aMzoM meM milatI-julatI haiN| saMta aura niraMjaNu zabdoM ko kavi ne aneka prakAra se vyAkhyAthita kiyA hai| kahIM use zivarUpa mAnA hai aura kahIM AtmA ke vizuddha paramAnaMda, nitya, nirAmaya, jJAnamaya-rUpa meM vyakta kiyA hai aura kahIM paramAtmA-rUpa meN| vaha ziva varNa-vihIna aura jJAnamaya hai, aise hI sat svarUpa meM hamArA anurAga honA cAhie - vaNNavihaNau NANamau jo bhAvai sabbhAu / saMta NiraMjaNu so ji siu tahiM kijjai aNurAu // 2 anyatra dohoM meM bhI unhoMne nirajaMna zabda ko paramatatva ke rUpa meM hI liyA hai| sAdhaka kavi ne sakala aura nikala rUpa paramAtmA ko kabIra Adi saMtoM kI bhAMti 'saguNI' aura 'NigguNau' zabdoM se citrita kiyA hai| parantu usameM kAlA, gorA, choTA, bar3A, brAhmaNa, kSatriya Adi jaisA bheda karanA mar3hatA hai| basa, nirmala hokara parama niraMjana ko jAnane kA prayAsa karanA caahie| dAmpatyamUlaka punIta Adarzaprema ko AtmA-paramAtmA ke bIca kalpita karane kA zreya muni rAmasiMha ko diyA jA sakatA hai| unhoMne paramAtmA ko priya aura svayaM ko patnI-rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai| isa saMdarbha meM pANivai5 (prANapati) jaise zabda ullekhanIya haiM - NillakkhaNu itthIbAhirau akulINau mahu maNi Thiyau / tasu kAraNi ANI mAhU jeNa gavaMgau saMThiyau // 99 // hauM saguNI piu NigguNau NillakkhaNu NIsaMgu / ekahiM aMgi vasaMtayahaM miliu Na aMgahi aMgu // 100 // yaha dAmpatyamUlaka premabhAvanA muni rAmasiMha ke pUrvavartI sAhitya meM mujhe dekhane ko nahIM milii| uttarakAlIna kabIra Adi saMtoM ne isI dAmpatyamUlaka prema bhAvanA ko aura gaharAI se apnaayaa| cidAnaMda AtmA ke nirguNa svarUpa kA varNana jisa prakAra se muni rAmasiMha ne kiyA hai usakA prabhAva bhI kabIra para dikhAI par3atA hai| ajJAnI loga deharUpI devAlaya meM ziva ke nivAsa ko na jAnakara use devAlayoM aura tIrthoM-tIrthoM meM DhUMDhate haiM -

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 21 mUDhA jovai devalaI loyahi jAiM kiyAI / deha Na picchai appaNiya jahiM siu saMtu ThiyAiM // 180 // dehAdevali siu vasai tuhaM devalaI Niehi / hAsau mahu maNi asthi ihu siddhe bhikkha bhamehi // 1860" muni rAmasiMha ne mAyA-jAlutathA moha18 zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai jise saMtoM ne usI rUpa meM unase udhAra le liyaa| zarIra kI nazvaratA", mithyAtva (micchaNAdichI)29, mitthantiya aura mohiya Adi tattva kabIra Adi saMtoM ke mAyAdarzana kA smaraNa karAte haiN| sabhI saMtoM ne guru ke mahattva ko sarvopari mAnA hai| ina sabake pUrva rAmasiMha ne guru kI mahimA itanI adhika svIkAra kI hai ki apane graMtha kA prArambha hI guru kI vaMdanA se kiyA hai aura use sva-para-prakAzaka, dinakara, himakiraNa, dIpa aura deva jaisA mAnA hai - guru diNayaru guru himakaraNu guru dIvau guru deu / appA parahaM paraparahaM jo darisAvai bheu // 1 // guru ke prasAda se hI deha ke deva ko jAnA jA sakatA hai anyathA mithyAdRSTi jIva kutIrthoM kA paribhramaNa hI karate rhte| isalie kavi ne satsaMgati ko mahattva dete hue kahA hai ki viSa vA viSadhara acche haiM, agni behatara hai, vanavAsa kA sevana behatara hai kintu mithyAtviyoM kI saMgati acchI nahIM muni rAmasiMha kI bhA~ti kabIra ne "balihArI guru ApakI jina govinda diyo dikhAya" kahakara guru kI anaMta mahimA kA guNagAna aura satsaMgati ko sarvopari mAnA hai - kabirA saMgati sAdhu kI harai aura kI vyAdhi / saMgati bhaI asAdhu kI AThoM pahara upAdhi // 5 sAdhakoM ne sAdhanA kI saphalatA ke lie cittazuddhi ko Avazyaka mAnA hai| kabIra se pUrva muni rAmasiMha ne bAhya kriyAeM karanevAle yogiyoM ko phaTakArA hai aura apanI AtmA ko dhokhA denevAlA kahA hai| cittazuddhi binA mokSa kadApi prApta nahIM ho sktaa| unhoMne kahA ki jaba AbhyaMtara citta hI malina hai taba bAhya tapa karane kA kyA tAtparya (61vAM dohA) ! yadi citta ko na tor3A to sira muMDAne kA kyA matalaba ! citta kA muMDana karanevAlA hI saMsAra kA khaMDana karatA hai - muMDiya muMDiya muNddiyaa| siru muMDiya cittu Na muMDiyA / cittahaM muMDaNu jiM kiyau / saMsArahaM khaMDaNu tiM kiyau // 26 bAhyAcAra aura mithyAtva kriyAoM ko vyartha mAnate hue unhoMne Age kahA ki he mUrkha ! tUne tIrtha se tIrtha bhramaNa kiyA aura apane camar3e ko jala se dho liyA para tU mana ko, jo pAparUpI mala se mailA hai, kisa prakAra dhoyegA ? 27 isIlie unheM cittazuddhi ke binA jJAna bhI vyartha lagatA

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22 apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 hai| unhoMne jJAnatiliMga (NANati DikkI) ko sIkhane kI salAha dI jo prajvalita hone para puNya aura pApa ko kSaNamAtra meM jalA detI hai| sabhI koI siddhatva ke lie tar3aphar3AtA hai, para siddhatva citta ke nirmala hone se hI mila sakatA hai| isI saMdarbha meM mAtra jJAna kI nirarthakatA ko siddha karate hue kahA gayA hai ki - he paMDita, tUne kaNa ko chor3a, tuSa ko kUTA hai, tU graMtha aura usake artha meM saMtuSTa hai kintu paramArtha ko nahIM jAnatA isalie tU mUrkha hai| bahuta par3hA jisase tAlu sUkha gayA para mUrkha hI rahA, usa eka hI akSara ko par3ha jisase zivapurI ko prApta kiyA jA ske| zrutiyoM kA aMta nahIM hai, kAla thor3A aura hama durbuddhi haiM isalie" kevala vahI sIkhanA cAhie jisase janama-maraNa kA kSaya kara skeN| kabIra ne bhI cittazuddhi para jora dete hue bAhyADambaroM ko vyartha mAnA hai| mAtra mUrtipUjA karanevAloM aura mUMDa muMDAnevAloM para kaTu prahAra kiyA hai - pAhana pUjai hari mile to maiM pUjU pahAra / tA" yA cAkI bhalI, pIsa khAya saMsAra // mUMDa muMDAye hari milaiM, saba koI leya muMDAya / bAra-bAra ke mUDa teM bher3a na baikuMTha jAya // UparI mana se mAlA pheranevAloM aura kore akSarajJAniyoM kI bhI unhoMne acchI khabara lI hai aura paramAtma-ciMtana ko hI muni rAmasiMha ke samAna sarvopari mAnA hai - kauna vicAra karata ho pUjA / Atama rAma avara nahIM duujaa| paramAtma jau tatta vicAra / kahi kabIra tAkai balihAre // sAdhaka kavi muni rAmasiMha ne isa sandarbha meM mana kI sthiti para bhI acchA prakAza DAlA hai| unhoMne mana ko 'karabha' kI upamA dekara kahA ki - he mana, tU indriya-viSayoM ke sukha se rati mata kr| jinase niraMtara sukha nahIM mila sakatA use kSaNamAtra meM chodd'| na toSa kara, na roSa kara, na krodha kr| krodha se dharma kA nAza hotA hai aura dharma naSTa hone se naraka gati hotI hai| isa prakAra manuSya-janma vyartha calA jAtA hai| sAdhanA meM mana kI zakti acintya hai| vaha saMsAra ke baMdha aura mokSa donoM kA kAraNa hotA hai isalie muni rAmasiMha ne mana kI sthiti para prakAza DAlate hue kahA hai ki SaTdarzana ke dhaMdhe meM par3akara mana kI bhrAMti nA mittii| eka deva ke chaha bheda kiye arthAt SaTdarzana kA lakSya eka hI hai unameM jo virodha mAnatA hai vaha bhrAMti meM hai isase usakA kalyANa nahIM ho sktaa| kabIra ne bhI mana aura mAyA ke saMbaMdha ko avicchinna kahakara use sarvatra duHkha aura pIr3A kA kAraNa kahA hai - mana pAMcau ke vasi parA, mana ke vasa nahiM pAMca / jisa dekhU tita dau lagi, jita AkhU tita AMca // 6

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23 apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 caMcala citta ko nizcala karane para hI rAma-rasAyana kA pAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| eka anyatra pada meM kabIra mana ko saMbodhita karate hue kahate haiM - he mana ! tU kyoM vyartha bhramaNa karatA phiratA hai ? tU viSayAnandoM meM saMlipta hai phira bhI saMtoSa nhiiN| tRSNAoM ke pIche bAvalA banA huA phiratA hai| manuSya jahA~ bhI paga bar3hAtA hai use moha-mAyA kA baMdhana jakar3a letA hai| isalie kabIra ne mana ke anusAra na calakara use vaza meM karane kI salAha dI hai - mana ke mate na cAlie, mana ke mate aneka / jo mana para asavAra haiM, te sAdhu kou eka // kabIra mana paMkhI bhayA, bahutaka caDyA akAsa / uhA~ hI tai giri paDyA, mana mAyA ke pAsa // 8 svapara-bhedavijJAna kA mukti patha meM anupama mahattva hai| eka dohe meM muni rAmasiMha kahate haiM ki jisane apanI deha se paramArtha ko bhinna nahIM mAnA vaha aMdhA dUsare aMdhoM ko kaise mArga dikhA sakatA hai bhiNNau jehiM Na jANiyau Niya dehahaM paramatthu / so aMdhau avarahaM aMdhayaha kima darisAvai paMthu // " isa bhedavijJAna ke pAne para sAdhaka kA mana paramezvara se mila jAtA hai aura paramezvara mana se| donoM ke samarasa ho jAne para kavi ko yaha samasyA ho gaI ki vaha kisakI pUjA kare - maNu miliyau paramesaraho, paramesaru ji maNassa / viNNi vi samarasi hui rahiya puja caDAvauM kassa // 10 eka anya dohe meM bhI ve kahate haiM ki - he jinavara ! jaba taka tujhe namaskAra kiyA taba taka apanI deha ke bhItara hI tujhe na jaanaa| yadideha ke bhItara hI tajhe jAna liyA taba kauna kisako namana kare ? ataH unakA kahanA hai ki jJAnamaya AtmA ke atirikta aura bhAva parAyA hai| use chor3akara he jIva ! tU zuddha svabhAva kA dhyAna kr| 42 isI sandarbha meM joiye jogI, suNNaM (zUnya) Adi zabda bhI draSTavya haiM jinheM uttaravartI saMta kabIra ne bhI apnaayaa| muni rAmasiMha kI bhA~ti kabIra ne bhI AtmA-paramAtmA ke isa milana ko samarasatA kahA hai| unhoMne isa sAmarasya bhAva ko nimna zabdoM meM vyakta kiyA hai - merA mana sumarai rAma kU~, merA mana rAmahiM AhiM / aba mana rAmahi hvai rahA, sIsa navAvI kAhi / muni rAmasiMha ke dohe ke samAna hI eka anya dohe meM kabIra ne paramAtmA se samarasa hone kA bhAva vyakta kiyA hai - mana lAgA una mana sA~, una manahiM vilaga / lUNa bilagA pANiyAM, pAMNi lUMNa vilaga 14

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 isa prakAra muni rAmasiMha ke pAhuDadohA ko saMta paramparA kI AdhArazilA mAnA jA sakatA hai| saMta-sAhitya kI pRSThabhUmi ke nirmANa meM rAmasiMha ke ciMtana ne mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAyI hai / yaha Azcarya kA viSaya hai ki hindI ke vidvAnoM ne AdikAlIna hindI jaina sAhitya ko mAtra dhArmika sAhitya mAnakara use upekSita kara diyA jisase hindI saMta paramparA ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana kA eka konA achUtA sA raha gyaa| samUcI saMta paramparA bhale hI kisI-na-kisI dharma se sambaddha rahI ho para unake ciMtana ke viSaya bahuta adhika pRthaka nahIM rhe| AtmA, paramAtmA, karma-pAkhaMDa, sAMsArika mAyA, sadguru-satsaMga Adi jaise viSayoM para sabhI ne apanI kalama calAyI hai| jaina dharma aura darzana prAraMbha se hI pragativAdI, tArkika aura vaijJAnika rahA hai aura usane ina sAre viSayoM para anekAnta-dRSTi se vicAra-maMthana kiyA hai| AdikAla aura madhyakAla meM jaba jJAna kA sthAna bhakti ne le liyA taba mUr3hatAoM kA pracAra adhika huaa| jaina saMtoM ne inakA purajora khaMDana kiyA jo yogIndu, muni rAmasiMha Adi apabhraMza kaviyoM ke sAhitya meM bhalI-bhA~ti dekhA jA sakatA hai| kabIra sAhitya kA gahana adhyayana karane para adhyetA ko yaha spaSTa AbhAsa ho jAyegA ki kabIra ne ina hindI jaina saMtoM ko acchI taraha se sunA-samajhA hogA isalie jaina saMta sAhitya ke pariprekSya meM yadi kabIra ko par3hA jAye to saMta-sAhitya kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi meM kadAcit eka nayA adhyAya jur3a sakatA hai| 24 1. pAhuDadohA, saMpAdaka, DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, saMpAdakIya vaktavya / 2. katipaya vidvAn AcArya kundakunda kA samaya caturtha zatI mAnate haiM jo sahI nahIM lagatA / bhASA aura viSaya ke paryalocana para unakA samaya IsavI prathama sadI ke AsapAsa hI ThaharatA hai / 3. pAhuDadohA, 85-881 4. vahI, 971 5. pAhuDadohA, 24, aura bhI dekhie dohA 87, 98 1 6. kabIra graMthAvalI, pR. 342 / 7. kabIra graMthAvalI, pR. 96, pada 23 / 8. vahI, pR. 2021 9. kabIra graMthAvalI, ramaiNI, bAraha padI, pR. 242-243 / 10. vahI, pR. 297, aura bhI dekhie pR. 217 aura 477 / kabIra duniyA de hure, sIsa navAMvaNa jAI / hiradA bhItara hari basai, tUM tAhI hari meM tana hai, tana meM hari hai, hai suni nAhIM soya / sau lyau lAI // 11. pAhuDadohA, 38, 61, 94, 124 / 12. pAhuDadohA, 381

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 25 13. pAhuDadohA, 61, 62, 64,78, 94, 1911 14. vahI, 38, 113,77,78,79, 14, 26-33 / 15. vahI, 108; dohA kra.45 meM to - paMcahi bAhiru NehaDau hali sehi laggu piyasyu kahakara isa bhAvanA ko aura bhI spaSTa kiyA hai| 16. tulanArtha dekhie - (1) kastUrI kuMDalI basai, mRga DhUMDhe vana maahi| . __ aise ghaTi ghaTi rAma hai, duniyA dekhe naaNhi| kabIra graMthAvalI, pR. 297 (2) moko kahAM DhU~Dhe baMDhe maiM to tere pAsa meM na maiM devala nA maiM masajida, na kAbo kailAsa meN| kabIra graMthAvalI 17. pAhuDadohA, 69 18. 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 98 / 18. vahI, 18 / 19. vhii| 20. vahI, 70 / 21. vahI, 20 / 22. vahI, 8, 58,81 / 23. vahI, 20 / 24. vahI, 20 / 25. saMttavANI saMgraha bhAga 1.22 / 26. pAhuDadohA, 135 / 27. vahI, 162, 163 / 28. vahI 29. vahI, 97, 98 / 30. saMtavANI saMgraha, bhAga 1, pR. 62 / 31. mAlA pherata juga gayA, gayA na mana kA phera / kara kA manakA chAMDi de, mana kA manakA phera // kabIra graMthAvalI, pR. 45 32. jisa kArani taTa tIratha jAMhI, ratana padAratha ghaTa hI mAMhi / par3hi-par3hi paMDita veda bakhANe, bhItari hUtI basana na jANe // (kabIra graMthAvalI) 33. kabIra graMthAvalI, pR. 389 / 34. pAhuDadohA 92-93, 146 / 35. vahI, 116 / 36. kabIravANI, pR. 67 /

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 37. yaha kAcA khelana hoI, jana paTatara khele koI / citta caMcala nihacala kI jai, taba rAma rasAyana pIjai // kabIra graMthAvalI pR. 146 38. kabIra graMthAvalI saTIka, pR. 149 / 39. pAhuDadohA, 128 / 40. pAhuDadohA, 49 / 41. vahI, 141 / 42. vahI, 189 / 43. kabIra graMthAvalI, pR. 110 / 44. vahI, pRSTha 136, aura bhI dekhie pRSTha 110 tUM tUM karatA tUM bhayA, mujhameM rahI na huuN| .bArI pherI bali gaI, jita dekhoM tita tUM // * nyU eksaTeMzana eriyA sadara nAgapura (mahArASTra)

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apabhraMza - bhAratI 5-6 janavarI - julAI - 1994 27 phAgu-kAvya : vidhA aura vyAkhyA - DaoN. trilokInAtha 'premI' - bhAratIya vAGmaya meM saMskRta-sAhitya vividha kAvya-rUpoM aura vidhAoM kI dRSTi se jitanA samRddha hai usakA paravartI apabhraMza - sAhitya apekSAkRta aura bhI adhika sampanna rahA hai| kAraNa, prathama jahA~ kAvyazAstrIya vidhAoM kA hI anusaraNa-anukaraNa karatA rahA hai vahA~ apabhraMza kI lokAnurAginI sAhitya-paraMparA ne eka paga aura agrasara hokara loka-sAhitya tathA loka-zAstra kI anagina abhivyakta evaM anabhivyakta vyaMjanA- zailiyoM ko apanAkara sacamuca nUtana kAvyasaMsAra hI raca ddaalaa| apabhraMza ke ina racanAkAroM meM eka ora jaina muni evaM AcArya haiM to dUsarI ora siddha-sAhitya ke praNetA caurAsI siddha tathA nAtha sNprdaayii| inake atirikta aneka aise bhI kRtikAra haiM jinakA na to jainadharma tathA muniyoM se koI saMbaMdha hai aura na siddhoM ke dharma-prayojana se; balki jinhoMne loka-jIvana aura samAja ke madhya se hI apane kAvya-sRjana ke mArga kA saMdhAna kiyA hai| siddha-sAhitya paravartI kAla meM bauddha-dharma kI vajrayAnI sahajayAnI zAkhA ke prabhAva se guhya evaM laiMgika sAdhanAoM kI ora unmukha hone se apanI abhivyakti ke nimitta 'saMdhA bhASA' ke prayoga ke kAraNa jana-jIvana se kaTane lagA thA aura nAtha saMpradAya to loka-rasa ke abhAva ke kAraNa pahale se hI sImita thA / kintu jaina muniyoM kA sAhitya lokonmukhI hone ke kAraNa jaina aura jainetara sabhI ke lie sarasa evaM AkarSaka thaa| vItarAgI hokara bhI ina jaina muniyoM

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apabhraMza - bhAratI 5-6 aura AcAryoM ne loka-jIvana tathA loka-sAhitya kA jaisA maMthana aura cintana kiyA vaisA hI nita nUtana sAhitya-sRjana bhI / yadyapi inakA mUla prayojana jainadharma kA pracAra-prasAra hI thA, para usakI abhivyakti kA sAhityika mAdhyama bar3A manohArI thaa| loka-jIvana kI bArIkiyoM tathA saMskRti ke avaguMThanoM ko parakhane, pacAne aura prayoga karane kI aisI bhavya dRSTi evam kalA isa kAla ke bahuta samaya bAda paravartI hindI ke madhyakAlIna sUphI premAkhyAnoM meM hI dekhane ko milatI hai| 28 sacamuca sAhityakAra kI apanI alaga dRSTi hotI hai| anya sAmAjika jisa vastu ko nagaNya aura mUlyahIna jAnakara pheMka dete haiM; saccA aura samarpita kalAkAra usI meM se kalA ke bhavya AkAra ko janma detA hai, sundara ko tarAzatA hai aura sAhityakAra jIvana kI udAtta evaM navya rUpasRSTi karatA hai| apabhraMza ke ina jaina muniyoM aura AcAryoM ke aMtas meM chipe sAhitya-sAdhaka aura kalA - sraSTA kA yaha rUpa bar3A hI anUThA, anyatama aura bejor3a hai / dharma-sAdhanA meM nirata rahane para bhI isI se unakI sAhitya-saMracanA apane yuga kI akSuNNa nidhi to hai hI, paravartI hindI - sAhitya ke lie bhI upajIvya bana gaI hai| jaina muniyoM dvArA praNIta yaha apabhraMza - sAhitya adhikAMzataH prabaMdhaparaka hI hai aura kathAkAvyoM kI paraMparA kA anugAmI rahA hai / parantu kathA-zilpa inakA apanA tathA maulika hai| isa prakAra inakA kRtittva kavitA aura kalA, bhAva aura vyaMjanA, kathA-saMgaThana aura kalpanA evaM bhASA aura bandha ke maNikAMcana saMyoga se advitIya bana gayA hai| jainadharma ke pracAra evaM jana-sAdhAraNa ke cAritrika gaThana ko bala dene kI dRSTi se pUjya puruSoM, tIrthaMkaroM tathA AcAryoM ke jIvanavRtta ko kAvya meM gU~thanA Avazyaka thA aura yaha prabandha-racanA meM hI saMbhava ho sakatA thA / astu, apanI abhivyakti ke lie inhoMne kisI pAMDityapUrNa patha kA anudhAvana na kara, lokavANI ke vividha rUpoM ko hI saharSa AtmasAt kara bahate nIra kI niSkaluSatA kA mUlyAMkana kiyaa| isa prakAra apabhraMza kI ye prabaMdhaparaka racanAe~ mUlataH caritakAvya hI haiM / inake lie racayitA jaina muniyoM ne vividha nAmoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, yathA rAsa, vilAsa, latA, carcarI, saMdhi tathA phAga Adi / vivecya kI dRSTi se jahA~ inameM kiMcit sAmya dIkha par3atA hai vahA~ kAvya-bandha ke vicAra se ye paraspara bhinna haiN| lagatA hai jaise zailI-vaividhya ke kAraNa hI ina kAvya rUpoM kA sRjana huA hai / astu, kahA jA sakatA hai ki apabhraMza ke ye phAgu-kAvya bhI carita-nirUpaNa kI eka viziSTa zailI ke pratipAdaka haiN| 'jaMbuya guNa anurAgahiM, phAgihiM kahiya carittu' / ' 'phAgu' zabda kI vyutpatti saMskRta 'phalgu' tathA prAkRta 'phaggu' (> phAgu) se spaSTa hai / bhAratIya loka-jIvana meM 'phAgu' zabda 'phAguna' yA 'phAlguna' mahIne se jur3A hai aura isI mahIne meM basaMta Rtu kI mAdakatA tathA mastI mAnava evaM mAnavetara prakRti meM avalokanIya hotI hai| bAhara aura bhItara kA ullAsa sahaja saundarya kI sRSTi meM sakSama hotA hai| tabhI to jar3a prakRti raMgabiraMge - bahuraMge paridhAna meM muskurAtI - lubhAtI hai aura manuSya nispRha bhAva se nAcatA-gAtA hai| apabhraMza kI yaha kAvya-vidhA apane nAma ke anurUpa isa vaiziSTya se paripUrNa hai / ataH kahA

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 29 jA sakatA hai ki ye phAgu-kAvya apane prAraMbha meM nRtya karate hue gAye jAte hoMge, jaisA ki apabhraMza ke jaina-muniyoM dvArA hI praNIta 'rAsa' nAmadhArI kAvyoM ke saMbaMdha meM bhI milatA hai| __inake nAcane-gAne tathA khelane-ramane ke aneka saMdarbha ina kRtiyoM meM hI upalabdha hote haiM, yathA - 1. 'khelA nAcau~ caitra mAsi raMgihi gAvevauMga 2. 'harihalaharasauM nemipahu khelai mAsa vasaMto 3. 'dhanu dhanu te guNavaMta basaMta vilAsu ji gAi 4. 'gAisu nemi kRpAguru sAgara guNaha apAru" 5. 'phAgu vasaMti ji khelai, khelai suguNa nidhAna 6. 'kivi nAcai manaraMgi, kevi khelai tihi phAgo" 7. 'phAgu khelai manaraMgihi haMsagamaNi mRganayaNi" 'phAgu khelane' kI paramparA Aja bhI braja, rAjasthAna tathA gujarAta ke loka-jIvana meM darzanIya hai| basanta Rtu kA pradhAna utsava phAlguna mahIne meM hotA hai| usa samaya nara-nArI milakara paraspara meM eka-dUsare para abIra-gulAla Adi DAlate haiM aura jala kI picakAriyoM se krIr3A karate haiM, use phAga khelanA kahate haiN| basaMta-Rtu ke ullAsa kA jisameM kucha varNana ho yA una dinoM meM jo racanA gAI jAtI ho, una racanAoM kI saMjJA phAgu dI gaI hai| zrI ke. ema. muMzI ke matAnusAra basaMtotsava ke samaya gAye jAnevAle rAsa ko hI phAgu saMjJA pradAna kI gii| inameM basaMta Rtu ke saundarya, praNayI pAtroM ke ullAsa evaM nRtya kA varNana rahatA hai jinase gujarAta ke mukta tathA AnaMdamaya jIvana kI sahaja abhivyakti hotI hai| unake anusAra 14vIM sadI kI 'sthUlibhadra phAgu' isa paraMparA kI sarvaprathama kRti hai|12 ___ anya aneka jainetara kaviyoM ne bhI 'phAgu' kAvyoM kI racanA kii| unameM bhI basaMta Rtu kI sundara chaTA tathA loka-jIvana kI mastI ke sAtha zRMgAra rasa kA manohArI nirUpaNa huA hai, yathA - ajJAta kavikRta 'nArAyaNa phAgu'; caturbhuja-kRta 'bhramaragItA'; ajJAta kavikRta 'harivilAsa phAgu'; 'viraha desAvarI phAgu' tathA 'cupaI phAgu' aadi| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki una dinoM lokajIvana aura loka-sAhitya meM phAgu-racanA-zailI kA bharapUra pracAra thA jisameM nRtya kI pradhAnatA rahatI aura tadupari gIta kI saMgati se isakA rUpa vikasita huA hogaa| inhIM gItoM ke mAdhyama se jaina muni apane pUjya tIrthaMkaroM evaM AcAryoM ke caritra ko zrRMgAra ke pariveza meM kAvyabaddha karate hoMge aura nRtya ke sAtha basaMta Rtu meM usakI abhivyakti zrAvakoM ke sAtha ullAsapUrNa vAtAvaraNa meM hotI hogii| phira, dhIre-dhIre kAlAMtara meM kathA-tattva ke samAveza se inakA kAvyarUpa supAThya evaM geya hotA gayA hogaa| loka-jIvana meM udbhUta ina phAgu-kAvyoM meM jahA~ basaMta ke mAdaka aura uddIpanakArI pariveza meM zrRMgAra rasa ke saMyoga evaM viyoga pakSa kA bharapUra citraNa hotA hai vahA~ jaina muniyoM dvArA praNIta

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30 apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 ina phAgu-kAvyoM meM zrRMgAra kA camatkAra to pradarzita kiyA hI jAtA hai, kintu aMta kI ora bar3hate hue unameM eka nayA mor3a ubharane lagatA hai; zrRMgAra kA sthAna zAMta tathA nirveda lene lagate haiM aura nAyaka jainadharma meM dIkSita ho jAtA hai| sAMsArika kAma ke Upara sAtvika vairAgya kI yaha vijaya hI ina jaina phAgu-kAvyoM kA mUla uddezya hai| loka-pracalita isa phAgu-zailI ko apanAne kI eka manovaijJAnika AdhArabhUmi bhI ho sakatI hai aura vaha yaha ki basaMta Rtu hI sarvAdhika kAmoddIpaka Rtu hai, kAmadeva ke paMcabANa bar3e-bar3e tapasviyoM ko bhI isI Rtu meM vicalita karate haiN| ataH saMyama aura iMdriya-nigraha kI kasauTI isI Rtu ko kahA jA sakatA hai| jaina muni apanI tapazcaryA meM isa dRSTi se sacamuca Adarza aura anukaraNIya hote haiN| tabhI to yahA~ vezyAoM ko bhI pAtra banAyA gayA hai| ve muniyoM ke tapa ko bhaMga karane kA harasaMbhava prayAsa karatI haiM, parantu aMta meM kAma ko inake saMyama ke samakSa parAjita honA hI par3atA hai aura isI ke sAtha dharma-dIkSA se inakA anta ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra phAgu-kAvyoM kI yaha paramparA eka ora loka-jIvana ke madhya prasAra pAtI huI bar3ha rahI thI to dUsarI ora jaina muniyoM dvArA dharma-pracAra meM isakA bharapUra upayoga ho rahA thaa| 15vIM sadI taka Ate-Ate to vaiSNava kaviyoM ke horI, dhamAra tathA phAgu Adi rAga-rAginiyoM aura vividha vAdya-yaMtroM ke13 sura-tAla ke sAtha inakA rUpa aura bhI adhika saja-sa~vara gyaa| rUpavatI striyA~ basantotsava para phAgu khelatI thiiN| isI bIca inake racayitAoM ko rUpa-citraNa kA avasara bhI mila jAtA - pIna payohara apacchara gUjara dharatIya nAri, phAgu khelai te phari-phari nemi jiNesari bAri // 5 // 14 . mayaNa khagga jima lahalahaMta jasa veNI daMDo, saralau taralau sAmalau romAvali dNddo| aha niratIya kajjalareha nayaNi muhakamali taMbolo, nagodarakaMThalau kaMThi anu hAra virolo / maragadajAdara kaMcuyau phuDaphullaMha mAlA, kari kaMkaNa maNivalayacUDa khalakAvai bAlA / ruNajhuNa e ruNajhuNa e ruNajhuNa e kaDi ghaghariyAlI, rimijhimi rimijhimi rimijhimi e payaneura juyalI / " aura zrRMgAra rasa kI pUrNatA ke lie usake saMyoga aura viyoga donoM pakSoM ke citraNa kA suyoga bhI prApta ho jaataa| saMyoga kI ghar3iyoM meM nakha-zikha kA manabhAvana Akalana jahA~ paramparAgata kAvyarUr3hi kA saMketa karatA hai vahA~ usakI maulika udbhAvanAoM meM kavi-karma kA sAkSAtkAra bhI hotA hai| isI prakAra vipralaMbha ke nirUpaNa meM bhAvanAoM kA tAratamya virahiNI nAyikA kI aMtardazA ko abhivyakta karane meM pUrNa sakSama rahA hai| yathA - .

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 31 ahe pahiraNi pIta paTolaDI, oDhaNI navaraMga cIra, virahu tumhArI nAhalA nayaNa na sUki nIra // 4 // bharata bharAvU kaMcuu, gali ekAuli hAra, sahija sakomala cAlatI, pAye neura jhaNakAra // 5 // jasI taruvara pA~khar3I, A~khar3I kAjali reha, bAlapaNAceM nehaDu, vAlama kAMI uvekhi // 6 // " baMsata-zrI kI pRSThabhUmi meM zrRMgAra kA yaha Akalana jaina aura jainetara sabhI phAgu-kAvyoM meM samAnataH avalokanIya hai| mAtra 14vIM sadI kA jinapadmasUri-kRta 'sthUlibhadra phAgu' isa dRSTi se apavAda hai| kAraNa, yahA~ basanta ke sthAna para varSA Rtu kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, yathA - jhirimiri jhirimiri jhirimiri e mehA barasaMti, khalahala khalahala khalahala e bAdalA bahaMti, jhabajhaba jhabajhaba jhabajhaba e bIjuliya jhabakai, tharahara tharahara tharahara e virahiNimaNu kaMpai // 6 // 18 para, aMta samAnataH nAyaka-nAyikA ke jainadharma meM dIkSita hone se kiyA gayA hai| isa laukika anAsakti tathA nirveda ke kAraNa hI inameM pAralaukika siddhi tathA phala kA aMta meM saMketa kiyA gayA hai, yathA - deva samaMgalaputta phAgu gAyau bho bhaviyA, jima tumhi pAyau riddhi vRddhi maMgala saMkaliyA // 20 // 1 phAgu basaMti ji khelai, khelai suguNa vidhAna, vijayavaMta te chAjai, rAjai tilaka samAna // 5920 isa prakAra ina phAgu-kAvyoM meM vilAsa ke Upara saMyama kI, kAma ke Upara vairAgya kI vijaya siddha karane ke lie vilAsavatI vezyAoM aura tapodhArI muniyoM kI jIvana-gAthA pradarzita kI jAtI hai| ....." camatkAra ke ye hI kSaNa phAguoM ke prANa haiN| isI samaya kathAvastu meM eka nayA mor3a upasthita hotA hai jahA~ zrRMgAra nirveda kI ora sarakatA dikhAI par3atA hai| isa sthala se Age vAsanA kA uddAma vega tapa kI marubhUmi meM vilIna ho jAtA hai aura adhyAtma ke gaMgotrI parvata se AvirbhUta pavitratA kI pratimA patitapAvanI bhagIrathI adhama vAri-vanitAoM ke kAluSya ko sadyaH prakSAlita karatI huI zAMti-sAgara kI ora pravAhita hone lagatI haiN| phira bhI, yaha kahane meM koI saMkoca nahIM ki jaina phAgu-kAvya dharma-bhAva-pradhAna hone para bhI kavitva se bharapUra haiN| jahA~ jainetara phAgu-kAvya loka-jIvana kI mastI se gaharAye hone ke kAraNa kAvya-rasa se bhI bhare-pUre hote haiM vahA~ jainoM ke phAgu-kAvyoM kA kavitva upAsya buddhi se cAlita hotA hai| isI prakAra paravartI hindI ke kRSNabhakta kaviyoM dvArA race gaye phAgu-saMbaMdhI pada bhI AdhyAtmika hokara kavitva meM

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32 apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 kama nahIM haiN| kintu, 16vIM sadI ke anta meM race gaye 'apabhraMza ke jaina phAga vaiSNava bhaktoM kI sAhityika-paramparA se pUrNataHprabhAvita hue dIkha par3ate haiM aura unameM rUpakatva kI chaTA ke darzana hone lagate haiM, yathA - 'adhyAtma-phAgu' meM zarIrarUpI vRndAvana-kuMja meM jJAnarUpI basaMta prakaTa hotA hai| matirUpI gopiyoM ke sAtha pA~ca iMdriyoMrUpI gopoM kA milana hotA hai| sumatirUpI rAdhA ke sAtha AtmArUpI hari horI khelane jAte haiM aura sukharUpI kalpavRkSa kI maMjarI lekara manarUpI syAma horI khelate haiM inake atirikta jainetara kaviyoM dvArA kucheka vizuddha zRMgAraparaka phAgu-kAvyoM kI bhI racanA huii| yathA - 'viraha desAurI phAgu' meM laukika puruSa-strI hI nAyaka-nAyikA haiM tathA viyoga ke uparAMta saMyoga zrRMgAra kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| mUrkha phAgu' meM eka rUpavatI navayauvanA kA vivAha mUrkha pati ke sAtha ho jAne se usakI mArmika aMtarvyathA kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| ajJAta kavi-kRta 'nArAyaNa phAgu' tathA 'vasaMta vilAsa phAgu' meM kRSNabhaktoM ke samAna gopI-kRSNa tathA uddhava-gopI-lIlA kA manohArI Akalana huA hai| muni vinayavijaya-kRta 'neminAtha bhramaragItA' meM bhI neminAtha ke viraha meM saMtapta rAjuli kI viraha-vedanA kA varNana dekhe hI banatA hai| yaha phAgu-kAvya' to nahIM, para 'phAgu chanda' ke prayoga ke kAraNa isI paramparA kI nUtana kAvya-zailI kahI jA sakatI hai| 16vIM sadI ke hI ratnamaMDanagaNi-kRta 'nArI nirAsa phAgu' meM apabhraMza ke sAtha saMskRta zlokoM ke prayoga ke sahAre nArI ke rUpa-citraNa, bhAva-nirUpaNa aura tadupari zAMtarasa ke paryavasAna kI nUtana lIka banAI gaI hai| lagatA hai isa samaya taka Ate-Ate saMskRta ke vidvAn kavi bhI isa kAvyarUpa se prabhAvita hone lage the| sAtha hI, isa samaya racI gaI 'maMgala kalaza phAgu' tathA 'vAsupUNya manorama phAgu' jaisI kRtiyA~ to choTI-bar3I hone para bhI nAma kI dRSTi se hI phAgu kahI jA sakatI haiN| isa prakAra spaSTataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki 14vIM sadI meM prArambha hokara 16vIM sadI ke aMta taka panapane aura vikasita honevAlA yaha kAvya-rUpa apanI lokapriyatA tathA loka-sAhityagata dhurI ke prabhAva se ziSTa sAhitya kA aMga banA aura apane prAraMbhika nRtyaparakarUpa se gIti evaM abhinaya ke sAmaMjasya dvArA vikasita hotA gayA tathA kathA-tattva ke samAveza evaM varNanAtmakatA ke kAraNa paThanIya banakara samRddha huaa| yahIM kRSNabhakta kaviyoM ke gopI-kRSNa tathA uddhava-rAdhAgopI jaise sarasa prasaMgoM se prabhAvita hokara isake kathya meM kiMcit parivartana huA, vahA~ abhivyaMjanA-zilpa meM bhI navInatA aaii| astu, isa kAlAvadhi meM phAgu-kAvyoM ke tIna rUpa darzanIya haiM - eka, jaina muniyoM dvArA race gaye phAgu-kAvya, jinameM basaMta-zrI kI AdhArabhUmi para laukika zRMgAra kI parAkASThA aMta meM nirveda meM badala jAtI hai| dUsare, jainetara kaviyoM dvArA race gaye phAgu-kAvya, jinameM prakRti ke uddIpta pariveza meM loka-zrRMgAra kI vyaMjanA bar3I madhura aura mArmika bana par3I hai evam tIsare, kRSNabhakta vaiSNava kaviyoM dvArA race gaye basaMta tathA phAgu-saMbaMdhI pada, jo AdhyAtmika madhura rasa se paripUrNa haiN| phAgu-kAvyoM ke ye tInoM prakAra laukika zRMgAra kI pRSThabhUmi para Tike hone para bhI uddezya aura aMta kI dRSTi se paraspara bhinna haiM / eka vairAgyonmukha karatA hai to dUsarA prakRti ke unmukta vAtAvaraNa meM AhlAdita aura tIsarA laukika-pariveza meM bhI alaukika Ananda se tana-mana ko sarAbora karatA hai|

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 astu, kathya aura vivecya kI dRSTi se hI nahIM, zilpa aura racanA-bandha ke vicAra se bhI phAgu-kAvya ke vikAsa ko aMkita kiyA jA sakatA hai| kAvya-rUpa kI paramparA sadA ekasamAna to rahatI nahIM, badalate pariveza aura abhiruci ke sAtha usake svarUpa meM bhI parivartana avazya hotA hai| jinapadmasUri-kRta 'sthUlibhadra phAgu', kRSNarSIya jayasiMhasUri-kRta 'prathama neminAtha phAgu' bhAsoM meM vibhakta milate haiN| dUhA ke uparAnta rolA chanda ke aneka caraNa prayukta hone para 'bhAsa' banatA hai| yaha paraMparA paravartI 'rAvaNi pArzvanAtha phAgu','puruSottama pA~ca pAMDava phAgu' tathA 'bharatezvara cakravartI phAgu' Adi meM 15vIM sadI taka yathAvat upalabdha hotI hai| jisa prakAra garabA ke antargata bIca-bIca meM sAkhI kA prayoga hone se eka prakAra kA virAma upasthita ho jAtA hai aura kAvya kI sarasatA bar3ha jAtI hai| usI prakAra pratyeka bhAsa ke prArambha meM eka dahA rakha dene se phAgu kA racanAbandha saprANa ho uThatA hai' kintu, 16vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha meM inameM bIca-bIca meM saMskRta zlokoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA jAne lagA, yathA - dhanadevagaNi-kRta 'suraMgAbhidha nemi phAgu', ratnamaMDalagaNi-kRta 'nArI nirAsa phAgu' aadi| sAtha hI, ekAdhika mAtrika chandoM kA prayoga bhI darzanIya hai, yathA - dUhA, troTaka, cAli, phAgu, AMdolA, rAsau, kAvya, phAgunI DhAla aadi| kathAnaka kA vibhAjana bhI 'DhAloM' meM milane lagatA hai, yathA - kalyANa-kata 'vAsapuNya manorama phaag'| sAtha hI, aneka rAgarAginiyoM kA saMketa tathA loka-gItoM kI zailI kA prabhAva 'are', 'he' Adi saMgItabaddha boloM kA prayoga eka naye hI racanAbandha kI sUcanA detA hai| lagatA hai jaise kRSNabhakta vaiSNava kaviyoM kA prabhAva isa kAla meM phAgu kI racanA-zailI para pUrNataH ubhara AyA thaa| bhASA ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se bhI isa samaya taka gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI, braja Adi prAMtIya bhASAe~ pUrNataH vikasita hokara sAhitya-saMracanA meM samRddha hone lagI thiiN| astu, apabhraMza meM phAgukAvyoM kA praNayana prAyaH avaruddha-sA hone lagA thA, para isa paramparA kI do dizAe~ spaSTataH ho jAtI haiM - eka kA prasAra jUnI gujarAtI meM dekhane ko milatA hai to dUsarI kA brajabhASA ke kRSNabhakta kaviyoM kI racanAoM meN| racanA-zilpa kI dRSTi se apabhraMza ke phAgu-kAvyoM ke prArambha meM anya prabaMdha-racanAoM kI bhA~ti jahA~ sarasvatI evaM pUrva tIrthaMkaroM Adi kI vandanA kI gaI hai vahA~ pratipAdya kA saMketa bhI kara diyA gayA hai, yathA - paNamiya pAsajiNaMdapaya anu sarasai samarevI, thUlibhaddamuNivai bhaNisu, phAgu baMdhi guNa kevI // 1124 paNamivi jiNa cauvIsa paI, sumaravi sarasai citti, nemi jINesara kevi guNa, gAesau bahu bhatti // 1125

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 vaMdavi nAbhinaridasuya, risahesara jiNacaMdo, gAisa mAsa basaMta huu, bharahesara naraviMdo // 1 // pahilaDaM sarasati aracisu, racisu vasaMtavilAsu, vINu dharai kari dAhiNi, vAhaNi haMsulau jAsu // 1 // ___ ataeva kahA jA sakatA hai ki apabhraMza ke ye phAgu-kAvya AkAra meM kahIM bar3e aura kahIM choTe hone para bhI uddezya kI pUrNatA, prakRti ke sAtha mAnava-mana kI bhAvAtmaka ekatA evaM uchAha ko vyaMjita karane meM nitAnta sakSama tathA loka-mAdhurI se otaprota laghu prabandhAtmaka racanAe~ haiN| 'phAgu-kAvya kA vikAsa loka-mAnasa kI bhAva-bhUmi para huA hai| rAsaka kAvya ke samAna saMbhavataH yaha apane Adi rUpa meM nRtya-gItaparaka rahA hogA; kAlAvadhi meM yaha sAhityika rUpa dhAraNa karatA gayA aura isakI saMsthApanA alaMkRta-kAvya ke rUpa meM huii| isameM gIti-tattva kI pradhAnatA milatI hai parantu katipaya kRtiyoM meM kAvya-tattva kA bhI samAveza milatA hai| ataH inameM prabandhAtmakatA bhI anivArya rUpa meM vidyamAna hai| vaise yaha basaMta-Rtu kA kAvya hai '128 basaMta-zrI se saMpanna hone ke kAraNa mAnavIya bhAvoM evaM prAkRtika chaTA kA manohArI citraNa isa kAvya-rUpa kI apanI pramukha vizeSatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki inameM tatkAlIna sAmAnya janatA ke mukta evaM ullAsapUrNa jIvana kI suramya jhA~kI kA sahaja sAkSAtkAra hotA hai| DaoN. bhogIlAla ja. saMDesarA ke zabdoM meM - *14vIM zatAbdI meM prArambha hokara tIna zatAbdiyoM taka mAnavIya bhAvoM ke sAtha prakRti kA gAna gAtI, zrRMgAra ke sAtha tyAga aura vairAgya kI taraMga uchAlatI huI kavitA isa sAhitya-prakAra ke rUpa meM prakaTa huI'" niSkarSataH kAvya-rUpa evaM vidhA kI dRSTi se ina phAgukAvyoM ko laghu prabandhadharmA kAvya kahA jA sakatA hai| 1. prAcIna phAgu-saMgraha, saMpA. bho. ja. saMDesarA, ajJAta kavikRta 'jaMbUsvAmI phAgu', pR. 29 / 2. 'ye phAgu-kAvya madhyakAlIna samAja kI rasavRtti ke paricAyaka haiN| basaMta-zrI aura basaMta krIr3A hI inakA viSaya hai aura usa pRSThabhUmi meM jaina muniyoM ne ise nUtana mor3a dekara apane dharma-pracAra kA eka sAdhana banAyA hai| zrRMgAra ke vipralaMbha evaM saMbhoga donoM pakSoM kA nirUpaNa yahA~ draSTavya hai|' - hindI ke AdikAlIna rAsa aura rAsaka kAvya-rUpa, DaoN. trilokInAtha 'premI', pR. 60 / 3. vahI, pR. 95 / 4. rAsa aura rAsAnvayI kAvya, nA. pra. sabhA kAzI, sthUlibhadra phAgu, pR. 143 / 5. prAcIna phAgu-saMgraha, saMpA. bho. ja. saMDesarA, neminAtha phAgu, pR.7| 6. rAsa aura rAsAnvayI kAvya, nA. pra. sabhA kAzI, vasaMtavilAsa phAgu, pR. 2011 7. prAcIna phAgu-saMgraha, saMpA. bho. ja. saMDesarA, dvitIya neminAtha phAgu, pR. 16 / 8. prAcIna phAgu-saMgraha, ajJAta kavikRta jaMbusvAmI phAgu, pR. 29 /

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 35 9. prAcIna phAgu-saMgraha, saMpA. DaoN. saMDesarA, puruSottama pA~ca pAMDava phAgu, pR. 43 / 10. prAcIna phAgu-saMgraha, saMpA. bho. ja. saMDesarA, neminAtha phAgu padma, pR. 50 / 11. prAcIna kAvyoM kI rUpa-paramparA, zrI agaracanda nAhaTA, pR. 36 / 12. The rasa sung in the spring festival or phaga was itself called phaga. The phagu poems describe the glories of the spring, the lorers and their dances, and give a glimpse of the free and joyous life of Gujrat before the fourteenth century. The earliest available phaga in old Gujrati is 'Sthulibhadra phaga'. -Gujrat and its Literature, K.M. Munshi, page 137. 'phAgu-sAhitya meM 14vIM aura 15vIM zatAbdI kI sAmAnya janatA ke mukta ullAsapUrNa jIvana kA sundara pratibimba hai| - rAsa aura rAsAnvayI kAvya, prakA. nA. pra. sabhA, kAzI, bhUmikA, pR. 66 / 13. 'mRdaMga saramaMDala bAjaMta, bharai bhAva karI ramai basaMta' (37), ajJAta kavikRta cupaI phAgu, . prA. phA. saMgraha, pR. 107 / 14. prAcIna phAga-saMgraha, saMpA. DaoN. saMDesarA, padma-kRta neminAtha phAga, pa. 501 15. prAcIna phAgu-saMgraha, saMpA. DaoN.saMDesarA, jinapadma sUri-kRta sthUlibhadra phAgu, tRtIya bhAsa, pR. 5 / 16. rAsa aura rAsAnvayI kAvya, nA. pra. sabhA kAzI, rAjazekhari sUri-kRta neminAtha phAgu, pR. 1331 17. prAcIna phAgu-saMgraha, saMpA. DaoN. saMDesarA, guNacaMdasUri-kRta, basaMta phAgu, pR. 52 / 18. prAcIna phAgu-saMgraha, saMpA. bho. ja. saMDesarA, pR. 3 / 19. vahI, ajJAta kavi-kRta zrI bharatezvara cakravartI phAgu, pR. 48 / 20. vahI, ajJAta kavi-kRta jaMbusvAmI phAgu, pR. 29 / 21. rAsa aura rAsAnvayI kAvya, nA. pra. sabhA kAzI, bhUmikA bhAga, pR. 69 / 22. tanuM vRMdAvana kuMjane ho, pragaTe gyAna basaMta, mati gopinasuM hasi save ho, paMcai gopa milaMta / 1 / Atama hari horI khelIye ho, aho mere lalanA samati rAdhAjU ke sNgi| Teka sukha surataru kI maMjarI ho, laI manu rAjA rAma, aba kai phAga ati prema kaI ho, saphala kIje mali syAma. Atama / 2 / - prAcIna phAgu-saMgraha, saMpA. bho. ja. saMDesarA, lakSmIvallabha-kRta 'adhyAtma phAgu', pR. 2071 23. prAcIna phAgu-saMgraha, saMpA. bho. ja. saMDesarA, bhUmikA bhAga, pR. 50 /

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36 apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 24. prAcIna phAgu-saMgraha, saMpA. DaoN. bho. ja. saMDesarA, sthUlibhadra phAgu, pR. 3 / 25. vahI, prathama neminAtha phAgu, pR. 11 / 26. vahI, bharatezvara cakravartI phAgu, pR. 45 / 27. rAsa aura rAsAnvayI kAvya, nA. pracA. sabhA, kAzI, baMsatavilAsa phAgu, pR. 195 / 28. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa (prathama bhAga), DaoN. dayAnanda zrIvAsatva, pR. 23 / 29. prAcIna phAgu-saMgraha, saMpA. DaoN. bho. ja. saMDesarA, bhUmikA bhAga, pR. 55 / rIDara, hindI-vibhAga AgarA kaoNlez2a, AgarA

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 janavarI-julAI-1994 37 saMdeza-rAsaka meM zrRMgAra-vyaMjanA - DaoN. indra bahAdura siMha prANimAtra ke jIvana ko 'rAga' Adi se aMta taka caMdove kI bhA~ti AcchAdita kiye rahatA hai| 'rAgAtmikA vRtti' kA janma bhI rAga dvArA hI hotA hai| rAgAtmikA vRtti dvArA prerita mAnava karmazIla banakara vibhinna kAryoM meM rata rahakara jIvana meM saphalatA ke cihna dekhane kI prabala icchA karatA hai| niyati ke niyamana kA kArya bhI isI vRtti dvArA sampAdita hotA hai| isIlie strI aura puruSa viparIta liMga ke prati arthAt eka dUsare ke prati Asakti kA anubhava karate haiN| strI aura puruSa ke jIvana meM AkarSaNa kI prakriyA hI mAnava/prANI ko samarasatA ke zikhara para pratiSThApita kara detI hai| usa samaya manuSya kA jIvana usa divya bhAvabhUmi para jAkara Tika jAtA hai jisake sammukha svargika AnaMda bhI phIkA par3a jAtA hai| ataH do virodhI liMgoM kA AkarSaNa hI prANimAtra ke hRdaya meM anirvacanIya AnaMda ko janma detA hai tathA usameM bhAvI sRSTi ke nirmANa kI apekSA bhI rahatI hai| sRSTi ke AdikAla se hI strI-puruSa eka-dUsare ke pUraka rahe haiN| saMbhavatayA abhAva kI isI pravRtti ne donoM ke hRdaya meM vyathA ko janma diyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaba donoM eka-dUsare ke sAtha milana-sukha kI prApti ke lie adhIra ho uThate haiM to donoM kI vihvalatA viraha kI saMjJA prApta karatI hai tathA milana hone para vahI saMyoga kI pariNati ko prApta hotI hai| ataH spaSTa hai ki strI-puruSa ke milana kI yahI pravRtti zrRMgAra ke pariveza meM AtI hai|

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38 apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 saMdeza-rAsaka musalamAna kavi a6hamANa (abdula rahamAna) dvArA racita aura muni jinavijayajI dvArA saMpAdita zRMgArapradhAna rAsaka kAvyoM kA mahattvapUrNa evaM pratinidhi graMtha hai| pratinidhi graMtha isalie hai ki jina zRMgAraparaka rAsaka kAvyoM ke likhe jAne kI isa deza meM paramparA thI unameM se abhI taka kevala saMdeza-rAsaka hI prApta ho sakA hai| ataeva saMdeza-rAsaka kA mahattva hama isI bAta se A~ka sakate haiM ki aba taka prakAza meM AnevAle sabhI rAsa kAvyoM meM kevala yahI aisA kAvya hai jise pUrNa laukika kAvya kahA jA sakatA hai| isa kAvya meM utkRSTa kAvyakauzala aura nizchala lokatattvoM kA maNikAMcana saMyoga hai| phalataH saMdeza-rAsaka eka ora jahA~ apane kAla kI bhAratIya kAvyagarimA kA paricAyaka hai vahA~ dUsarI ora vaha janajIvana kI akRtrima jhA~kiyA~ bhI prastuta karatA hai| saMdeza-rAsaka muktakapradhAna yA kSINa prabaMdha-dharmA muktaka kAvya hai, jisake adhikAMza chaMdoM kA saundarya kathAsUtra se alaga karake par3hane se bhI jyoM kA tyoM banA rahatA hai| inake chaMdoM kI tulanA una muktAmaNiyoM se kI jA sakatI hai jo eka sUtra meM grathita hone para kaMThahAra ke rUpa meM bhI suzobhita hote haiM aura bikharakara alaga ho jAne para bhI sundara aura mUlyavAna bane rahate haiN| prathama prakrama ke AraMbhika aMza meM hI saMdeza-rAsaka ke kavi ne apanA paricaya isa prakAra diyA hai paccAesi pahUo puvvapasiddho ya micchadesosthi / taha visae saMbhUo Araddo mIraseNassa // taha taNao kulakamalo pAiya kavvesu gIyabisayesu / adahamANa pasiddho saMneha rAsayaM raiyaM // ' pazcima meM prAcInakAla se atyaMta prasiddha jo mleccha deza hai usI pradeza meM 'mIraseNa' nAmaka taMtuvAya (Aradda) utpanna huaa| usake putra addahamANa ne, jo apane kula kA kamala thA aura prAkRta kAvya tathA gIta-viSaya meM suprasiddha thA, saMdeza-rAsaka kI racanA kii| saMdeza-rAsaka jaisA ki isake nAma se prakaTa hotA hai - rAsaka kAvya hai| kathAnaka ke AdhAra para saMdeza-rAsaka prema-kAvya hai| usameM nAyikA ke viraha-nivedana kI pramukhatA hai| saMdeza-rAsaka meM kula bAIsa prakAra ke chaMda prayukta hue haiM, kintu sarvAdhika mAtrA meM 'rAsA' chaMda hI prayukta huA hai| dhyAnapUrvaka dekhane se patA calatA hai ki isa chaMda kA prayoga addahamANa ne viziSTa sthaloM para eka vizeSa prakAra kA prabhAva utpanna karane ke lie kiyA hai| prathama prakrama meM rAsA chaMda kA prayoga bilakula nahIM miltaa| vahA~ kavi ko Atmanivedana karanA hai| vaha apane graMtha kI aura pAThaka kI yogyatA Adi kA varNana gAhA, raDA, paddhar3iyA aura dumilA meM karatA hai| dvitIya prakrama meM bhI prathama do chaMda raDA haiN| kintu nAyikA kI ceSTAoM kA varNana karate hI kavi 'rAsA' chaMda kA prayoga prArambha kara detA hai| nAyikA pathika ko dekhakara maMtharagati chor3akara drutagati se kyA calane lagI ki chaMda bhI nAyikA kI gati se calane lagA - taM ji pahiya pikkheviNu piaukkaMkhiriya / maMthara gaya saralAivi uttAvali caliya //

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 39 taha maNahara callaMtiya caMcala ramaNabhari / chuDavi-khisiya rasaNAvali kiMkiNi rava pasari / / isI prakAra pUrI pustaka meM jahA~-jahA~ 'rAsA' chaMda AyA hai vahA~-vahA~ vaha apanI sahaja gati-bhaMgimA ke kAraNa eka vizeSa prabhAva utpanna karatA hai| RtuvarNana ke aMtargata grISma aura varNana ko choDakara rAsA'chaMda kA prayoga prAyaH unhIM sthaloM para haA hai jahA~ nAyikA kI ceSTAoM athavA vibhinna manodazAoM kA citraNa hai| saMdeza-rAsaka meM prAraMbhika aura aMtima aMzoM ko chor3akara mukhya graMtha meM prAyaH prati cAra-pA~ca chaMdoM kA aMtara dekara 'rAsA' AyA hai| pustaka meM prayukta 'rAsA' chaMda kA krama isa prakAra hai - 26-30, 41-58, 64-68, 91-92, 96-99, 101-103, 104, 109-110, 113, 117-118, 121-125, 130-136, 139-147, 151, 154-155, 184-190, 192-198 / ___saMdeza-rAsaka tIna prakramoM meM vibhAjita hai| aba taka kisI anya graMtha kA vibhAjana 'prakramoM' meM nahIM prApta huA hai| yaha vibhAjana kathAvastu kI tIna avasthAoM ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| Izvara-vaMdanA, kavi-paricaya, graMtha-paricaya tathA pAThakoM se nivedana prathama prakrama meM samApta ho jAtA hai| dUsare prakrama meM virahiNI nAyikA kA varNana aura pathika-darzana ke uparAMta usakI AkulatA tathA priya ko saMdeza bhejane kI utkaMThA kA citraNa hai| virahiNI pathika se saMdeza kahatI hI jAtI hai| jaba kabhI pathika Ubakara jAne kI AjJA mA~gatA hai to vaha 'cAra gAhA aura, tIna aDilla aura, kevala do dohe aura' Adi kahakara use roke rahatI hai| aMta meM usakI virahadazA sunate-sunate pathika kA mana bhI pasIja jAtA hai aura vaha pUchatA hai ki he virahiNI ! tumhArI yaha dazA kaba se hai? phira kyA pUchanA ! nAyikA ko viraha kA parA pothA kholane kA avasara mila jAtA hai| yahA~ se tRtIya prakrama prAraMbha hotA hai| virahiNI eka-eka karake chahoM RtuoM meM apanI viraha-dazA kA varNana karatI hai| isa prakAra chahoM RtuoM kA aura pratyeka Rtu meM anubhUta viraha-duHkha kA bharapUra varNana karake vaha pathika ko jAne kI anumati detI hai| vahA~ se vaha apane ghara kI ora mur3I hI thI ki usakA priyatama AtA huA dikhAyI par3atA hai| donoM kI bheMTa hotI hai aura isI harSa-prasaMga meM rAsakakAra addahamANa bhI pAThakoM ko zubhAzI: dete hue vidA letA hai| zrRMgAra kI paribhASA aura svarUpa AcArya bharatamuni ne zrRMgAra kI paribhASA dete hue kahA hai ki prAyaH sukha pradAna karanevAle iSTa padArthoM se yukta Rtu, mAlAdi se sevita, strI aura puruSa se yukta 'zRMgAra' kahA jAtA hai - sukha prAyeSTa sampanna Rtu mAlyAdi sevakaH / puruSapramadAyukta zrRMgAra iti saMjJitaH // ' dhanaMjaya ne bharatamuni kA anukaraNa karate hue kahA ki paraspara anurakta yuvA nAyaka-nAyikA ke hRdaya meM ramya-deza, kAla, kalA, veza, bhoga Adi ke sevana se tathA unake aMgoM kI madhura ceSTAoM ke dvArA parivardhita rati hI AnaMdAtmaka zRMgAra rasa hai -

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40 apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 ramyadeza kalAkAlaveSabhogAdi sevanaiH pramodAtmA ratiH saiva yUnoranyonyaraktayoH prahRSyamANaH zrRMgAro madhurAMga viceSTitaiH / bhoja ne zrRMgAra ko aura adhika prakarSa pradAna kiyaa| unhoMne ahaM bhAva ke Atmasthita guNa vizeSa ko zrRMgAra kI saMjJA dekara usakI vyApakatA kA vistAra kiyaa| unake anusAra - ahaMbodha yukta Atmayonimanasija ke prANa ko hI AcAryoM ne zrRMgAra kI saMjJA pradAna kI hai| yaha zrRMgAra AtmA meM sthita usI AtmA kA viziSTa guNa hai|shrRNgaar Atmazakti ke dvArA rasanIya hone ke kAraNa hI rasa kahalAtA hai| rasa ke isa AsvAda-bodha se yukta hone ke kAraNa hI sahRdaya ko rasikasaMjJA prApta hotI hai - AtmasthitaM guNavizeSamahaMkRtasya zrRMgAramAhuriha jIvitamAtmayoneH / tasyAtmazaktirasanIya tathA rasatvaM yuktasya yena rasiko'yamiti pravAdaH // AcArya vizvanAtha ne kAma ke aMkuraNa ko hI zrRMgAra kI saMjJA pradAna karate hue kahA hai ki manmatha kA udbheda hI zrRMga kahalAtA hai| isa vikAsa kA kAraNa hI zrRMgAra kahalAtA hai| zrRMga+Ara (Agamana) uttama yA Adarza prakRti kA bhAva hone ke kAraNa yaha rasarUpa meM svIkRta kiyA jAtA hai - bhaMga hi manmathojhedastadAgamanahetukaH / uttama prakRtiprAyo rasaH zrRMgAra iSyate // bhAnudatta ne zrRMgAra ko atyanta pariSkRta rUpa dete hue kahA ki yuvA dampati kA paraspara evaM sarvathA pUrNa prakaSTa AnaMdAtmaka bhAva athavA unakA parama pavitra evaM akhaNDa AnaMda anurAgAnubhava hI zrRMgAra rasa hai - "yUnoH parasparaM paripUrNaH samyak sampUrNa rati bhAvo vA shrRNgaarH|" paMDitarAja jagannAtha ne zrRMgAra ke kalevara ko aura bhI spaSTa karate hue likhA hai - prema kI saMjJA prApta karanevAlI viziSTa prakAra kI cittavRtti hI, apane sahaja evaM sthira astitva ke kAraNa krIr3AtmikA rati kA sthAyIbhAva banatI hai - "strIpuMsayoranyoranyAlambanaH premAkhyAzcittavRttivizeSo ratiH sthaayibhaavH| gurudevatAputrAdyAlambanastu vybhicaarii|" mahArAja bhoja kI paribhASA ke atirikta uparyukta samasta AcAryoM kI paribhASAoM meM paryApta sAmya hai| lagabhaga sabhI ne zrRMgAra kI puSTi ke lie strI-puruSa ko Alambana-rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai jisakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki samAna liMgavAle vyaktiyoM kI mitratA athavA prIti ko zrRMgAra ke rUpa meM grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| tathA do bhinna liMgavAle vyaktiyoM kA prema bhI vAsanA-vihIna ho sakatA hai, jaise - bhAI aura bahana kA prem| kintu sthAna-sthAna para vibhinna vidvAnoM dvArA kAma, saMbhoga, zArIrika ceSTAoM Adi ke ullekha se yaha bAta svataH hI siddha ho jAtI hai ki zrRMgAra ke aMtargata kAma-samanvita prema hI liyA jA sakatA hai| paMDitarAja jagannAtha

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 41 kA guru, devatA, putra viSayaka rati ke saMbaMdha meM vyabhicArI kA kathana isI tathya ko dhotita karatA hai| ataeva zrRMgAra ke aMtargata vAtsalya evaM zuddha mitratA ke bhAva ko kadApi grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ___ mahArAja bhoja kA dRSTikoNa bahuta hI vyApaka hai| unhoMne mAnava-hRdaya meM sthita ahaMbhAva ko hI zrRMgAra kA dUsarA rUpa svIkAra kiyA hai| mAnava-hRdaya meM ahaM kA bIja prArambha se hI vidyamAna rahatA hai| isI se manuSya ke hRdaya meM ratyAdi bhAvoM kI utpatti hotI hai| bhoja ke anusAra yaha AtmA kA aMtima satya hai| yahI rasa hai jisameM AtmA ko carama AnaMda kI upalabdhi hotI hai| vaha AtmA kA apane prati prema hai| ise AtmAnurakti athavA AtmakAma bhI kaha sakate haiN|' isa prakAra spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki bhoja ne dAmpatya-zrRMgAra ke sAtha-sAtha samasta bAhya saMsAra ko bhaMgAra kI paridhi meM sameTa liyA hai| ataeva yahA~ zrRMgAra kA rUpa vyaSTigata na rahakara samaSTigata ho jAtA hai| jahA~ taka zrRMgAra kI saiddhAntika paribhASA kA prazna hai vahA~ apabhraMza ke adhikAMza kaviyoM ne saMskRta ke pratinidhi tathA mAnya kaviyoM kA hI anugamana kiyA hai| . zrRMgAra kI uparyukta samasta paribhASAoM ke vivecana-vizleSaNa ke bAda saMkSipta rUpa meM zrRMgAra ke viSaya meM yahI bAta kahI jA sakatI hai ki strI-puruSa donoM ke hRdaya meM sthita rati sthAyIbhAva jaba kAma se samanvita hokara donoM meM paraspara AkarSaNa kA bhAva utpanna kara detA hai to vahI bhAvanA zrRMgAra kI saMjJA prApta karatI hai| zrRMgAra rasa ke bheda AnaMdavardhana ne rasoM kI vyutpatti karate hue kahA hai ki pradhAnabhUta zrRMgAra rasa ke prArambha meM do bheda hote haiM, saMbhoga (-zRMgAra) aura vipralaMbha (-shRNgaar)| unameM bhI saMbhoga ke paraspara premadarzana (darzana saMbhASaNAdi kA bhI upalakSaNa hai) surati (aura udyAna) vihArAdi bheda haiN| (isI prakAra) vipralaMbha ke bhI abhilASA, IrSyA, viraha, pravAsa aura vipralaMbhAdi (zApAdi nimittaka viyogAdi) bheda haiN| unameM se pratyeka (bheda) ke vibhAva, anubhAva, vyabhicArIbhAva ke (bheda se) bheda haiM aura una (vibhAvAdi) ke bhI deza, kAla, Azraya, avasthA (Adi se) bheda haiM / isa prakAra svagata bhedoM ke kAraNa usa eka (zRMgAra) kI paribhASA karanA (hI) asaMbhava hai, phira unake aMgoM ke bhedopabheda kI kalpanA kI to bAta hI kyA hai ! ve aMgoM (alaMkArAdi) ke prabheda pratyeka aMgI (rasAdi) ke prabhedoM ke sAtha saMbaMdha kalpanA karane para anaMta ho jAte haiN| AnaMdavardhana ke anusAra yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki eka zrRMgAra rasa ke hI aneka bhedaprabheda kiye jA sakate haiM, lekina mukhya rUpa se vidvAnoM ne usake do bheda hI svIkAra kiye haiM - saMyoga aura viyoga athavA saMbhoga evaM viprlNbh| AnaMda prakAza dIkSita ke anusAra - "mukhyataH nAyaka-nAyikA ke saMbaMdhoM kI kalpanA karake unakA saMyoga aura viyoga athavA saMbhoga tathA vipralaMbha nAmaka bhedoM meM vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai| sAhityika kSetra meM isI varNana ke bhedopabhedoM kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai| ina bhedoM ke atirikta caturvarga ke AdhAra para bhI isakA vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai, kintu usakA pracalana nahIM dIkha pdd'taa|"11

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42 apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 . isa prakAra zrRMgAra ke mukhya bheda saMyoga aura viyoga hI haiN| AcArya rudraTa ne saMyoga aura vipralaMbha kI carcA karate hue likhA hai - saMbhogaH saMgatayorviyuktayoryazca vipralaMbho'sau / punarApyeSa dvidhA pracchannazca prakAzazca // 2 arthAt saMga puruSa aura nArI ke rati vyavahAra ko saMbhoga (saMyoga) aura viyukta puruSa tathA nArI ke rati vyavahAra ko vipralaMbha kahate haiN| ye donoM phira pracchanna aura prakAza ke nAma se do prakAra ke haiN| yahA~ rudraTa ne pracchanna aura prakAza ke tAtparya ko spaSTa nahIM kiyaa| saMbhavatayA isa prabheda kA nirdhAraNa premiyoM ke ekAMta meM paraspara vyakta hAva-bhAva prakAzita tathA bhIr3a meM pracchanna prema kI sthiti ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| lekina isa paribhASA se spaSTa yaha Azaya nikalatA hai ki jahA~ nAyaka-nAyikA eka-dUsare ke sAmIpya meM na rahakara rati kA anubhava kareM vahA~ vipralaMbha hogaa| isa prakAra zrRMgAra ke pramukhatayA do bheda - saMyoga aura viyoga kA hI adhika pracalana dekhA jAtA hai| apabhraMza kaviyoM ne bhI mukhya rUpa se inhIM do bhedoM ko apanAyA hai evaM inhIM ke anusAra apane varNana kiye haiN| zrRMgAra ke avayava zrRMgAra rasa ke prasaMga meM AcArya bharatamuni dvArA pratipAdita sUtra - "vibhAvAnubhAvavyabhicAri saMyogAdrasaniSpatiH" ko hI pramukha AdhAra mAnA jAtA hai| zrRMgAra rasa kI niSpatti ke lie vibhAva, anubhAva tathA vyabhicArI bhAva athavA saMcArI bhAva - ina tInoM kA samucita saMyoga honA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| yahA~ viSaya ke saMdarbha meM ina pramukha avayavoM para saMkSipta vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai - vibhAva jisake kAraNa hRdaya meM rasa kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai use vibhAva kahate haiN| isake do bheda haiM - AlaMbana aura uddIpana - jAko rasa utpanna hai, so vibhAva ura Ani / Alambana uddIpano, so dvai vidhi pahicAni // 3 Alambana vibhAva ke aMtargata nAyaka aura nAyikA - do bheda svarUpa nirUpita kiye jAte haiM evaM candra, sumana, sakhi, dUti, aMgarAgAdi-prasAdhana-uddIpana vibhAva ke aMtargata Ate haiM - jAnI nAyaka nAyikA, rasa-siMgAra-vibhAva / candra sumana sakhi dUtikA, rAgAdiko banAva // 14 bhikhArIdAsa ne vibhAva ke do bhedoM (Alambana aura uddIpana) kA yadhapi yahA~ nAma nahIM liyA hai kintu donoM vibhAvoM kI vyaMjanA anAyAsa hI ho jAtI hai| nAyikA-varNana ___ bharatamuni ne prakRti, yauvanAnusAra, sAmAjika dRSTi se tathA zIla aura avasthA ke anusAra nAyikAoM ke bhinna-bhinna bhedoM kI kalpanA kI hai| ina bhedoM meM se paravartI AcAryoM ne rasikatA

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 43 ke dRSTikoNa ke anusAra kucha kA to parityAga kara diyA aura kucha ko jyoM kA tyoM svIkAra kara liyaa| Age calakara 'nAyikA-nirUpaNa' ke kSetra meM 'sAhitya darpaNa' aura 'rasamaMjarI' ne acchA yogadAna kiyaa| nAyaka-varNana nAyikA varNana ke samAna hI nATyazAstrakAra bharatamuni ne nAyakoM kI jo zreNiyA~ nirdhArita kI haiN| unheM paravartI AcAryoM ne yathAsambhava parivartita kara svIkAra kiyaa| ___isa prakAra nAyikA aura nAyaka bheda kI jisa dRSTi kA zrRMgAra ke AlaMbana vibhAva ke rUpa meM saMskRta ke graMthoM meM pracalana huA use apabhraMza kI kAvyadhArA ke aMtargata kamobeza Azraya prApta huaa| uddIpana vibhAva AcArya bhojarAja ne zrRMgAra rasa ke uddIpana vibhAva kI kalpanA pA~ca vargoM meM vibhAjita karake kI hai - (1) Rtu, (2) bAhya-prasAdhana, yathA - malaya evaM aMgarAga ityAdi, (3) prAkRtika dRzya, jaise- saritA, upavana, parvata Adi, (4) kAla - rAtri, madhyAhna Adi, (5) 64 klaaeN|" . ataH isa vargIkaraNa ke anusAra uddIpana vibhAvoM kI zreNI meM candra-cA~danI, Rtu, upavana, malaya-pavana, aMgarAgAdi ko liyA jA sakatA hai| paM. rAmadahina mizra ne isa viSaya meM apanA mata dete hue kahA hai - "sakhI, sakhA tathA dUtI ko saMskRta ke AcAryoM ne zRMgAra rasa meM nAyakanAyikA ke sahAyaka evaM saciva mAnA hai, kintu hindI meM inakI gaNanA uddIpana vibhAva meM kI hai| inake uddIpana vibhAva mAnane kA kAraNa yaha jAna par3atA hai ki sakhA, sakhI yA dUtI ke darzana se nAyikAgata yA nAyakagata anurAga uddIpita hotA hai| bharatamuni ke vAkya meM priyajana zabda ke Ane se saMbhava hai hindIvAloM ne inheM uddIpana meM mAna liyA hai| paMDita rAmadahina mizra ne nAyakanAyikA kI vezabhUSA, ceSTA Adi, pAtragata tathA SaDRtu, nadItaTa, cA~danI, citra, upavana, kavitA, madhura saMgIta, mAdaka vAdya, pakSiyoM kA kalarava Adi ko bhI zrRMgAra ke bahirgata uddIpana-rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| isake atirikta nAyikA kA nakha-zikha saundarya bhI uddIpana vibhAva ke antargata AtA hai| anubhAva zRMgArika anubhAvoM meM premapUrNa AlApa, sneha-snigdha parasparAvalokana, AliMgana, cumbana, romAMca, sveda, kampa, nAyikA ke bhrUbhaMga Adi aneka bhAva Ate haiN| AcAryoM ne inako kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika vargIkaraNa ke rUpa meM vibhAjita kara diyA hai| saMcArI bhAva samasta vidvAnoM ne saMcArI bhAvoM kI saMkhyA 33 svIkAra kI hai| inameM ugratA, maraNa tathA jugupsA ke atirikta utsukatA, lajjA, jar3atA, capalatA, harSa, moha, cintA Adi sabhI bhAva zRMgAra rasa ke saMcArI bhAva hote haiN| ye saMcArI bhAva zrRMgAra ke vyabhicArI bhAva kahalAte haiN|

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 sthAyI bhAva - zrRMgAra kA sthAyI bhAva rati hai| isa bhAva ko vibhinna vidvAnoM ne apane-apane DhaMga se paribhASita kiyA hai - bharatamuni ke anusAra - "tatra rati ma AmodAtmako bhaavH||20 arthAt ti hI AtmA ko Amoda (prasannatA) pradAna karanevAlA bhAva hai| dhanaMjaya ke "pramodAtmA ratiH saiva yUnoranyonya rktyoH| 21 ke anusAra AtmA ko prasannatA pradAna karanevAlA rati bhAva hI yuvAoM (premIpremikA) ko eka-dUsare kI ora anurakta karatA hai| paMDitarAja jagannAtha ke anusAra - "strI puruSayoranyonyAlambanaH premAkhyacittavRttivizeSo ratiH sthaayiibhaavH| 22 arthAt eka-dUsare ke Alambana-strI-puruSa kI prema nAmaka cittavRtti vizeSa hI rati nAmaka sthAyI bhAva hai| ___ uparyukta paribhASAoM ko dRSTigata kara rati kI paribhASA kucha isa prakAra kI jA sakatI hai - eka-dUsare ke Alambana-strI-puruSa ke hRdaya meM vidyamAna prema nAma kI cittavRtti ko unmIlita kara jo bhAva premiyoM ko paraspara AkarSaNa kI preraNA detA huA unakI AtmA ko prasannatA pradAna karatA hai usI sthAyI bhAva ko rati kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai| zrRMgAra aura usake avayavoM para prakAza DAlane ke pazcAt spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki 'zRMgAra' ke 'rati' nAmaka sthAyI bhAva ko zrRMgAra rasa kI avasthA taka pahu~cAne meM sarvapramukha kAraNa usakA vibhAva banatA hai jo do prakAra kA hai - pahalA Alambana aura dUsarA uddIpana / pahale meM nAyakanAyikA aura dUsare meM sakhA, sakhI, dUtI, vAtAvaraNa evaM nAyaka-nAyikA ke saundarya ityAdi kA samAveza rahatA hai| nAyikA ke saundarya ke AkarSaNa ne hI sambhavatayA kaviyoM ko nAyikA ke nakha-zikha-varNana kI ora pravRtta kiyaa| nAyaka aura nAyikA ke hRdaya meM rati bhAva kI puSTi hone para anubhAva ke rUpa meM ve paraspara . stambha, sveda tathA romAMca ityAdi sAtvikoM kI anubhUti karate haiM; kyoMki rati kI chatrachAyA meM 'lajjA' nAmaka saMcArI bhAva rahatA hai jo ki nAyaka aura nAyikA ke hRdaya ko prema kA madhura evaM anirvacanIya AsvAda karAne meM samartha hotA hai| AcAryoM ne nAyaka-nAyikA bheda aura nAyikA ke nakha-zikha kA varNanakara zRMgAra-varNana ko aura bhI adhika puSTa banAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| ___ aMtatogatvA zrRMgAra ke samagra vivecana-vizleSaNa ke AdhAra para usake varNana ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai - (1) saMyoga, (2) viyoga, (3) nAyaka-nAyikA bheda, (4) nakha-zikha-saundarya / yadyapi nAyaka-nAyikA bheda aura nakha-zikha-saundarya zrRMgAra ke saMyoga aura viyoga pakSa ke hI aMga haiM kintu kaviyoM ne zrRMgAra ke vistAra meM ina donoM kA alaga-alaga hI nirUpaNa kiyA hai| zrRMgAra kA sUkSma dRSTi se vivecana karate hue usake kAma, prema aura saundarya - ina tIna tatvoM ko yadyapi liyA jAtA hai, phira bhI inakI pariNati aMta meM saMyoga aura viyoga meM hI ho jAtI hai| vastutaH kAma-bhAvanA aura prema-bhAvanA zrRMgAra ke saMyoga tathA viyoga - donoM pakSoM meM hI nihita rahatI hai tathA ye donoM nAyikA ke saundarya pakSa para hI vizeSa rUpa se avalambita rahatI haiN|

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 45 saMdeza-rAsaka : rUpa-varNana aura upamA vidhAna saMdeza-rAsaka ke kavi zrI addahamANa ne yadyapi rUpa-varNana ke lie adhikAMzataH paraMparAgRhIta upamAnoM kA hI Azraya liyA hai, phira bhI unhoMne apane hRdaya-rasa se snigdha karake use vAstavika aura hRdayasparzI banA diyA hai| kahIM-kahIM addahamANa ne svacchaMda kalpanA-zakti kA bhI paricaya diyA hai jo unake saMvedanazIla kavitva kA paricAyaka hai; jaise kezoM kI upamA alikulamAlA' se dene ke pUrva ve usakI upamA pizuna kI kuTilatA se dete haiM - aikuDila mAipihuNA vivihataraMgiNisu salilakallolA / kisaNattaNami alayA aliulamAla vva rehati // 32 // 'saMdeza-rAsaka' meM eka hI strI-pAtra hone ke kAraNa kevala virahiNI nAyikA ke hI rUpavarNana kA avakAza hai| yatra-tatra nagara yA SaDRtu varNana ke prasaMga meM sAdhAraNa striyoM kA varNana bhI kavi ne lage hAthoM kara diyA hai| usa proSitapatikA kA rUpa-varNana bhI jamakara eka hI sthAna para kiyA gayA hai| anya sthAnoM para usakI viraha-dazA kI vyaMjanA ke lie hI AnuSaMgikarUpa se usake rUpa yA zArIrika ceSTAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| .. dvitIya prakrama ke prAraMbha meM hI vijayanagara kI virahiNI nAyikA kI avasthA kA varNana karate hue kavi kahatA hai - vijayanagara kI koI aisI sundarI ramaNI jo U~ce, sthira aura sthUla stanoMvAlI hai, jisakI kaTi bhir3a ke samAna patalI hai, jisakI gati haMsa ke samAna hai aura jisakA mukhamaMDala dIna ho gayA hai, dIrghatara azrujala pravAha karatI huI patha nihAra rahI hai| svarNa ke samAna aMgoMvAlI usa ramaNI kA zarIra virahAgni se isa prakAra zyAmala ho gayA hai mAno rAhu dvArA candramA sampUrNa grasa liyA gayA ho - vijayanayarahu kAvi vararamaNi, uttaMgathirathorathaNi, viruDalakki, thayaraTThapauhari / dINANahi pahuNihai, jalapavAha pavahaMti dIhari / virahaggihi kaNayaMgitaNu taha sAmalimapavannu / Najai rAhi viDaMbiau tArAhivai saunnu // 24 // kintu hRdaya kholakara usa nAyikA ke rUpa-varNana kA avakAza kavi ko taba milatA hai jaba vaha pathika ke pAsa pahuMcatI hai| pathika ne nAyikA ko isa rUpa meM dekhA - usa viraha-vidagdhA nAyikA kI ati kuTila kezarAzi nadI kI jala-vIciyoM ke samAna thii| ve kRSNatva ke kAraNa bhramara-samUha kI bhAMti lagatI thiiN| rAtri ke tama kA nAza karanevAle amRtasrAvI pUrNacandra ke samAna usa ramaNI kA mukha niSkalaMkatA meM sUrya ke pratibimba ke samAna hai| dIrghatara rAgayukta yugala locana mAno aravinda-dala haiM aura taruNa kapola dADima-kusuma puMja kI bhA~ti sundara haiM -

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 rayaNItamaviddavaNo amiyaMjharaNo supuNNasomoya / akalaMka mAi vayaNaM vAsaraNAhassa paDibiMbaM // 33 // loyaNajuyaM ca Najai ravidalaM dIharaM ca rAillaM / piMDIrakusumapuMjaM taruNikavolA kalijati // 34 // virahiNI nAyikA ke bAhu-yugala amarasara (mAnasarovara) meM utpanna komala mRNAla nAla ke samAna haiN| ina bAhuoM ke AkhirI kinAre para kamala ke samAna hAtha aise laga rahe haiM mAno dvidhAbhUta (eka se do kara diye gaye) padma hoN| donoM stana sujana aura khala kI taraha haiM; stabdha nitya unnata aura mukharahita (chidrarahita) hone ke kAraNa khala kI bhA~ti haiM aura milane para (saMgama meM) sujana kI bhA~ti ve donoM (stana) aMgoM ko Azvasta karate haiM - komala muNAlaNalayaM amarasarupanna bAhujuyalaM se / tANate karakamalaM Najjai dohAiyaM paramaM // 35 // sihaNA suyaNa-khalA iva thaDDhA niccunnayA ya muharahiyA / saMgami suyaNasaricchA AsAsahi bevi aMgAI // 36 // parvatIya nadI ke gaMbhIra Avarta kI bhA~ti usa nAyikA kI nAbhi thI aura kaTi martya sukha kI bhA~ti sUkSma hai, jo taralagati kA haraNa karanevAlI hai; arthAt jisake kAraNa vaha tejI se cala nahIM paatii| usake ati ramya uru kadalI-staMbha se bar3hakara haiM / sarasa aura sumanohara jaMghAe~ vRttAkAra aura nAtidIrgha haiN| caraNoM kI aMguliyA~ padmarAji kI taraha haiN| nakhapaMkti sphaTika khaNDoM kI bhA~ti haiM aura komala roma taraMga udbhinna kusumanAla kI bhA~ti haiM - giriNai samaAvattaM joijjai NAhimaMDalaM guhiraM / majhaM maccasahaM bhiva tucchaM taralaggaI haraNaM // 37 // jAlaMdharithaMbhajiyA uru reheti tAsu airammA / vaTTA ya NAidIhA sarasA sumaNoharA jaMghA // 38 // rehaMti paumarAi va calaNaMguli phalihakuTTiNahapaMtI / tucchaM romataraMgaM ubbinnaM kusumanalaesu // 39 // isa prakAra apane rUpa-varNana ko sunakara vaha rAjamarAlagAminI lajjAvatI viyoginI paira ke aMgUThe se dharatI kuredane lgii| isa viyoginI nAyikA ke rUpa-varNana ke atirikta kavi zrI addahamANa ne sAmbapura kI striyoM kA bhI rUpa-varNana paraMparita DhaMga se bar3A hI sarasa evaM sahaja rUpa meM kiyA hai| kavi sAmbapura kI vezyAoM ko dekhakara vismita ho jAtA hai| vaha dekhatA hai - vizAla gaja ke samAna maMthara calanevAlI koI nartakI yA vezyA madavihvala hokara ghUmatI hai| kisI anya ke (kAnoM meM pahane hue) ratna tATaMka hilate haiN| aura kahIM nipaTa ubhare hue ghanatuMga vakSasthaloMvAlI sundarI bhramaNa kara rahI hai, bar3e stanoM ke bhAra se kamara TUTa nahIM jAtI, yahI dekhakara mana meM Azcarya hotA hai, kisI vyakti ke sAtha una kajarArI tirachI A~khoM se, jinameM banAvaTI kopa kA bhAva hai, ha~sa-ha~sa kara bAta kara rahI haiN| koI anya suvicakSaNA jaba vimala ha~sI ha~satI

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 47 hai to usake kapola pradeza aise lagate haiM mAno candra meM sUrya praviSTa ho gayA hai (yahA~ candra usakA mukha hai aura ha~sI se utpanna zobhA sUrya hai), kisI kA madanapaTTa mRganAbhi se carcita hai, kisI ne apanA bhAla (yA stana bhAra ?) tirache tilaka se alaMkRta kara rakhA hai - avarakahava NivaDubbhara ghaNaturaMga sthaNihi~, bhariNa maJjhu Nahu tui tA vibhiu maNihiM / kAvi keNa sama hasai niyaimaikoiNihi, chittatucchatAbhiccha tiracchiya loiNihi // 47 // avara kAvi suviyakkhiNa vihasaMtiya vimali, NaM sasi sUra Nivesiya rehai gaMDayali / mayaNavaTTaTu miaNAhiNa kassava paMkiyau, annaha bhAlu (bhAru) turakki tilaka AlaMkiyau // 48 // kisI kA maz2abUta aura sthUla muktAoM vAlA hAra mArga na pAne ke kAraNa stanapaTTa ke zikhara para loTatA hai, kisI kA gaMbhIra nAbhivivara kuMDalAkAra hai aura trivalI taraMgoM se maMDalita hai| koI ramaNI guruvikaTa ramaNa bhAra (nitaMba) ko atyaMta kaSTa se dhAraNa kara rahI hai, jisase usakI gati meM vismayakAraka lIlAyita gati A gayI hai| vaha zIghratA se cala nahIM paatii| madhura adhara bolatI huI kisI kAminI ke hIrapaMkti sadRza dA~ta pAna khAne ke kAraNa Arakta dikhAyI par3ate haiM - hAra kasavi thUlAvali NiThura rayaNabhari, lulai maggu alahattau thaNavaTTaha sihari / guhira NAhivivaraMtaru kassavi kuMDaliu, tivala taraMga pasaMgiha rehai maMDaliu // 49 // ramaNabhAru guruviyaDau kA kaTThahi dharai, jai malhirau camakkau turiyauNahu saraha / jaMpaMtI mahurakkhara kassava kAmiNihi~, hIrapaMtisAriccha DasaNa jhasurAruNihi~ // 50 // isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki adahamANa ne kahIM bhI kevala camatkArI upamAnoM kA sahArA lekara rUpa-varNana ke nAma para khilavAr3a nahIM kiyA hai| camatkArapriyatA kA lobha saMvaraNa kara inhoMne upayukta upamAnoM ke vyavahAra se zarIra-saundarya kA utkRSTa varNana prastuta kiyA hai| "saMdeza-rAsaka ke kavi ne svAbhAvikatA kI upekSA kahIM nahIM hone dI hai| paraMparA vihita upamAnoM ko grahaNa karane para bhI unhoMne apanI maulikatA aura sUkSma nirIkSaNa kA pUrA upayoga kiyA hai| 123 saMdeza-rAsaka meM aise kaI mArmika upamAna haiM jo zarIra kI bAhya dazA ke aMkana kI apekSA aMtardazA kA citraNa atyanta mArmika DhaMga se karate haiN| aise sthaloM para kavi kI saMvedanazIlatA aura sazakta kavitva kSamatA ko dekhA jA sakatA hai -

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48 eya vayaNa Ayannavi siMdhubbhavayaNi, sasivi sAsu dIhunhau salilubbhavanayaNi / tor3a karaMguli karuNa sagaggira gira pasaru, jAlaMdhariva samIri muMdha tharahariya ciru // 66 // apabhraMza - bhAratI 5-6 vaha candramukhI, kamalAkSI mugdhA ye vacana sunakara dorghoSNa zvAsa letI huI hAtha kI aMguliyA~ tor3akara karuNa gadgada zabda karatI huI vAyu-pratAr3ita kadalI kI bhA~ti dera taka tharatharAtI rahI / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki saMdeza rAsakakAra ne yadyapi adhikAMza paraMparAgRhIta upamAnoM kAhI prayoga kiyA hai, phira bhI apanI kAvyocita sahRdayatA se unheM prANavaMta banA diyA hai| kahIMkahIM addahamANa ne svacchaMda paddhati, virala prayukta yA naye upamAnoM kA prayoga karake apanI maulikatA kA bhI paricaya diyA hai| saMdeza rAsaka meM mAtra bAhya rUpa-varNana hI nahIM hai, apitu gahare jAkara hRdaya para par3anevAle rUpa-prabhAva ko bhI upamAnoM ke mAdhyama se vyakta kiyA gayA 1 saMskRta meM ruyyaka Adi katipaya alaMkAravAdI AcAryoM ne upamA ko samasta alaMkAroM kA bIja mAnA hai| "upamaivAnekaprakAravaicitryeNAnekAlaMkArabIjabhUtA / " jo ho, sAmyamUlaka alaMkAra - yojanA ke aMtargata jo sAmAnya viSaya gRhIta hote haiM, unheM alaMkAra - zAstra kI zabdAvalI meM prAya: 'upamAna' athavA 'aprastuta' kaha diyA jAtA hai| 24 prayoga kI dRSTi se ye (aprastuta athavA upamAna) do prakAra ke kahe jA sakate haiM - (1) paraMparAgata arthAt aise padArtha jo viziSTa padArthoM ke viziSTa rUpa, guNa athavA kriyA ke lie yugoM se vyavahAra meM Ate rahe haiM aura unake lie eka prakAra se atyanta rUr3ha ho gaye haiM tathA ( 2 ) navIna arthAt aise padArtha jo rUpAdi-saMbaMdhI apanI sarvAnubhUta vizeSatAoM ko rakhate hue bhI vizeSa prakAra ke padArthoM ke lie kaviyoM dvArA prayukta nahIM hue evaM pratyeka kavi ne unheM apanI icchA se viziSTa bimboM ke bhItara niyojita kiyA hai| (1) sthUla ke lie sthUla (2) sthUla ke lie sUkSma (3) sUkSma ke lie sUkSma tathA (4) sUkSma ke lie sthUla 25 - isa prakAra kaha sakate haiM ki sAmyamUlaka alaMkAroM ke bhItara paraMparAgata tathA navIna ina do prakAra ke upamAnoM kA prayoga hotA hai tathA varNya viSaya kI vizeSatAoM ke AdhAra para inakI yojanA cAra prakAra kI ho sakatI hai

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mukha bAhu apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 saMdeza-rAsakakAra ne apane sAmyamUlaka alaMkAroM ke aMtargata ina donoM prakAra ke aprastutoM athavA upamAnoM tathA unakI ukta cAroM prakAra kI yojanA ko nyUnAdhika rUpase yathAvazyakatA grahaNa kiyA hai| saMdeza-rAsaka meM Aye hue upamAnoM kI saMkSipta tAlikA isa prakAra ho sakatI hai - kramAMka upameya upamAna zarIrakAMti svarNAbhA keza jalakallola, bhramarAvali amRtasrAvIcaMdramA, kamala netra kamala kapola dADima puSpasamUha dohare kamalanAla stana kalaza, sajjana, durjana nAbhi parvatIya nadI kA Avarta kamara bhir3a kI kamara, manuSya kA sukha kadalI staMbha pairoM kI aMguliyA~ padmarAga nakha sphaTika-khaMDa roma mRNAlataMtu gati haMsa gamana virahajanya zyAmatA rAhu-grahaNa, dhUma kI kaalimaa| isa prakAra hama kaha sakate haiM ki saMdeza-rAsaka ke kavi zrI addahamANa ne rUpa-varNana meM evaM upamAnoM ke prayoga meM kahIM bhI svAbhAvikatA kI upekSA nahIM kI hai| paraMparA-vihita upamAnoM ko grahaNa karane para bhI unhoMne apanI maulikatA aura sUkSma nirIkSaNa kA pUrA upayoga kiyA hai| isa varNana meM sarvatra unakA Agraha evaM manoyoga dRSTigata hotA hai| kavi ne kevala paraMparAgata upamAnoM ko hI prAcIna aura navIna DhaMga se hI prastuta nahIM kiyA - navIna upamAnoM ko kahIM svataMtra rUpa se aura kahIM para paraMparAgata upamAnoM ke sAtha grahaNa kiyA hai| dUsare ye upamAna kahIM para akele aura kahIM para ekasAtha samUha meM prastuta kiye gaye haiM aura apanI vizeSatAoM dvArA kevala viSaya ke svarUpa ko spaSTa hI nahIM karate, isase Age kalAtmaka saundarya kI sRSTi bhI karate haiM, jo ki pratyeka saphala kavi kA uddezya rahA karatA hai| viraha-varNana saMdeza-rAsaka kA mukhya viSaya viraha-varNana hai| yaha viraha-varNana AzAbaMdhakusumasadRzA premAturA proSitapatikA virahiNI nAyikA dvArA pathika ke mAdhyama se saMdezapreSaNa ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| virahiNI pathika dvArA apane dAruNa viraha-vivaraNa ko pati ke pAsa pahu~cAnA cAhatI hai jisase dravita hokara vaha paradeza se zIghra hI ghara lauTa aaye| bhAratIya sAhitya meM virahiNI 15.

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apabhraMza - bhAratI 5-6 nAyikA kA kisI anya ke dvArA pravAsI priya ke pAsa saMdeza-preSaNa eka aisI mahattvapUrNa aura vyApaka kAvyarUr3hi rahI hai ki isakA upayoga premakAvya ke racayitAoM ne jI kholakara kiyA hai| ina kaviyoM ne saMdeza le jAne ke lie haMsa, zuka, bhramara, megha Adi mAnavetara jIvoM tathA acetana vastuoM ko bhI isa kArya meM niyojita kiyA hai| prema kI bhUmikA para jar3a-cetana ke ekatva kA yaha vidhAna bhAratIya kavi hRdaya kI mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA hai| 50 saMdeza - rAsaka kI nAyikA proSitapatikA hai| priya ne paradeza se saMbhavataH koI saMdeza nahIM bhejA thA / kavi ne prAraMbha meM hI usa viyoginI ke rUpa-varNana dvArA vyAkulatA aura virahakAtaratA vyaMjita kara dI hai - dINANahi pahuNihai, jalapavAha pavahaMti dIhari / virahaggahi kaNayaMgitaNu taha sAmalimapavannu / Najjai rAhi viDaMbiau tArAhivai saunnu // 24 // pha~sai loyaNa ruvai dukkhatta, dhammillapamukkamuha vijjaMbhai aNu aMgu moDai / virahAnala saMtavia, sasai dIha karasAha toDai / ima muddhaha vilavaMtiyaha mahi calaNehi chihaMtu / addhaDDINau tiNi pahiu pahi joyaDa pavahaMtu // 25 // vaha dInamukhI A~khoM se jaladhAra bahAtI huI apane pati kI rAha joha rahI hai| virahAgni se usake zarIra kI hema AbhA zyAmala ho gayI hai mAno candramA ko rAhu ne pUrNarUpa se grasa liyA ho| vaha duHkhArtA hotI hai aura A~khoM ko poMchatI jAtI hai| usakA jUr3A khulA huA hai, vaha aMgoM ko pIr3A ke kAraNa mor3atI hai, virahAnala se saMtapta vaha lambI sA~seM le rahI hai aura apanI aMguliyoM ko tor3a rahI hai| pathika ko dekhakara pati ke pAsa saMdeza bhejane kI utkaMThA se vaha viyoginI nAyikA maMthara gati ko sarala karake utAvalI se cala pdd'ii| zIghratA ke kAraNa usake manohara caMcala nitaMboM se karadhanI khisakakara gira par3I jisase usakI kiMkiNiyoM kA svara phaila gyaa| usa sundarI ne jaisetaise apanI mekhalA ko sthira kiyA hI thA ki sthUlamuktAoM kI hAra-latA TUTa gayI / becArI ne kisI taraha jaldI meM kucha muktAe~ vaise hI par3I rahane dIM, kucha uThAyIM, taba taka caraNoM kI durbalatA ke kAraNa nUpura hI nikala gayA - taM ji pahiya pikkheviNu piaukkaMkhiriya maMtharagaya saMralAivi uttAvali caliya / taha maNahara callaMtiya caMcalaramaNabhari, chuDavi khisiya rasaNAvali kiMkiNarava pasari // 26 // taM jaM mehala Thavai gaMThi NiTaThura suhaya, tuDiya tAva thUlAvali NavasarahAralaya / sAtivi kivi saMvarivi caivi kivi saMcariya, Nevara caraNa vilaggivi taha pahi paMkhuDiya // 27 //

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 51 yaha hai saMdeza-rAsaka ke viraha-varNana kI bhUmikA / isameM nAyikA ke bhAvoM ko kahakara nahIM pratyuta bhAvavikala ceSTAoM kA suspaSTa aura saMvedana-spaMdita citra khIMcakara vyaMjita kiyA gayA hai| sajIvatA, svAbhAvikatA, mArmikatA aura chaMdagati cAroM kI anurUpatA ke kAraNa isa varNana meM apUrva gatvara citrAtmakatA A gayI hai| saMdeza-rAsaka ke viraha-varNana meM atyuktiyoM kA sahArA na lekara bAta ko sIdhe aura mArmika DhaMga se kahA gayA hai| isameM kalpanA ko korI ur3Ana aura UhAtmakatA bhI nahIM miltii| virahiNI kI uktiyoM meM bhaMgimA usakI sahaja bhAva-tIvratA ke kAraNa hai, usameM preSaNIyatA vyApaka aura pragAr3ha saMvedanA ke kAraNa hai, alaMkAra-yojanA aura nIrasa utprekSAoM ke kAraNa nhiiN| DaoN. vizvanAtha tripAThI ke zabdoM meM - "apabhraMza sAhitya kI tAjagI, mastI aura loka-jIvana kI akRtrimatA saMdeza-rAsaka ke viraha-varNana meM surakSita hai| 27 saMdeza-rAsaka meM vyavasthita DhaMga se viraha kI dasa dazAoM kA varNana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| isameM abhilASA, cintA, smRti, guNakathana, udvega, pralApa, unmAda, jar3atA Adi avasthAoM kA varNana vibhAjana karake kramabaddha DhaMga se nahIM kiyA gayA hai| prayAsa karane para bhI saMdeza-rAsaka meM ye sabhI avasthAe~ nahIM mileNgii| pathika ke utAvalepana ko dekhakara virahiNI ne dIrghocchvAsa lekara kahA - he pathika ! mere AzA-sukha meM vighna DAlanevAle nirdaya priya se kahanA ki usake smaraNa samAdhi meM maiM mohasthita rahatI huuN| vAma kara para sthita apane kapAla ko jarA bhI idhara-udhara nahIM haTAtI huuN| zaiyA hI ekamAtra merA Asana hai / maiM palaMga kabhI nahIM chodd'tii| usa kApAlika ke viraha ne mujhe kApAlinI banA diyA hai| mere zarIra kA teja samApta ho gayA hai| aMga sUkha gaye haiN| bAloM ke laTa idhara-udhara chitare rahate haiN| mere mukha kA raMga phIkA par3a gayA hai| maiM durbalatA ke kAraNa calane meM DagamagAtI huuN| merI gati viparIta ho gayI hai| kuMkuma aura svarNa ke samAna merI zarIra-kAMti aba sA~valI par3a gayI hai| usa nizAcara ke viraha meM maiM nizAcarI ho gayI hU~ - samaraMta samAhi mohu visamaTThiyau, tahi khaNi khuvai kavAlu na vAmakaraTThiyau / sijjAsaNau na milhau khaNa khaTuMga laya, kAvAliya kAvAliNi tuya viraheNa kiya // 86 // lhasiu aMsu uddhasiu aMgu viluliya alaya, huya ubbiMbira vayaNa khaliya vivarIya gaya / kuMkumakaNayasariccha kaMti kasiNAvariya, huiya muMdha tuya virahi NisAyara Nisiyariya // 87 // dhIre-dhIre saMdeza meM virahavyathA kI anubhUti gaharI hotI jAtI hai| kintu usakI gati itanI svAbhAvika hai ki pAThaka ko yaha vicArane kA avasara hI nahIM milatA ki vaha kramazaH virahArNava kI adhika gaharAiyoM meM utaratA jA rahA hai| virahiNI kI vedanA ke sAtha sahRdaya pAThaka kI ekasUtratA sthApita ho jAtI hai|

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apabhraMza - bhAratI 5-6 jyoM-jyoM viraha-varNana kA raMga pragAr3ha se pragAr3hatara hotA jAtA hai aura virahajanya pIr3A kI anubhUti bar3hatI jAtI hai, nAyikA pati ko kApAlika, nizAcara, nirdaya jaise vizeSaNoM se vibhUSita karatI hai| ina vizeSaNoM ko dekhakara kucha samIkSaka viyoginI nAyikA ko anucita vizeSaNoM ke prayoga ke lie doSI ThaharAte haiM, magara DaoN. vizvanAtha tripAThI kA kahanA hai ki priya ke lie prayukta ye vizeSaNa viraha ke saMdarbha meM usake prati nAyikA ke atula prema ko hI prakaTa karate haiN| jinhoMne grAmavadhuoM ko apane patiyoM se jhagar3ate yA unako kosate dekhA hai, unheM yaha samajhane meM kaThinAI nahIM hogI ki sAdhAraNataH ye niMdArthaka vizeSaNa jaba ucchala prema rasa se paripUrNa hokara vyavahRta hote haiM to unameM kitanI madhurimA aura bhAvavyaMjakatA nihita rahatI hai| saMdezarAsaka meM Aye hue ye prayoga addahamANa ke loka-paricaya aura usakI sarasa aMtarvRtti kA paricaya dete haiM 28 52 'TUTa' madana ke bANoM se vyathita viyoginI pathika se vistArapUrvaka saMdeza nahIM kaha sktii| isalie vaha saMkSepa meM pathika se kahatI hai merI yaha avasthA kaMta se khnaa| (mere) aMga gaye haiM, nitAMta anarati (becainI) vyApta hai| mArga meM AlasyapUrvaka calatI huI merI gati vihvalAMgI ho gayI hai| jUr3e ko bA~dhakara maiM use kusumoM se nahIM sajAtI hU~, jo kajjala nayanoM meM dhAraNa karatI hU~, vaha kapoloM para galatA hai| priya ke Agamana kI AzA se jo mAMsa zarIra para car3hatA hai vaha virahAgni kI jvAlA se zIghra sUkha jAtA hai| AzA ke jala se saMsikta aura viraha kI USmA se jalatI huI maiM na jItI hU~ na maratI hU~, balki he pathika ! dhukadhukAtI rahatI huuN| isa bIca mana meM punaH punaH dhairya dhAraNa karake aura apanI A~kheM poMchakara dIrghAkSI ne eka phullaka kahA - - sunnAraha jima maha hiyau piya ukkikha kareI / viraha huyAsi dahevi kari AsA jala siMcei // 108 // kahIM-kahIM kavi ne kisI vizeSa bhAva kA citra rUpaka ke mAdhyama se bar3I saphAI ke sAtha khIMcA hai| priya ke pravAsa se AhatA vaha viyoginI pathika se kahatI hai- merA hRdayarUpI ratnanidhi (samudra) tumhAre prema ke guru maMthara se nitya mathita ho rahA hai| usane sabhI sukharatnoM ko azeSa rUpa se unmUlita karake kAr3ha liyA hai| - maha hiyayaM rayaNanihI mahiyaM guru maMdareNa taM NiccaM / ummUliyaM asesaM suharayaNa kaDiThayaM ca tuha pimme // 119 // vaha kahatI hai ki madanasamIra se dhauMkI huI virahAgni A~kha se nikalI huI cinagAriyoM se bhara gayI aura mere hRdaya meM sphurita hotI huI jala rahI hai| niraMtara jvAlA se usakA dhAraNa karanA asahya ho gayA hai| koyalA kSipta hote rahane se yaha virahAgni aura bhI tIvra ho uThatI hai aura mujhe jalAtI aura DarAtI rahatI hai| phira bhI yaha Azcarya hai ki tumhArI utkaMThA ke kAraNa merA sarorUha bar3hatA rahatA hai -

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 mayaNa samIra vihuya virahANaladiTThiphuliMgaNibbharo, dusaha phuraMta tibba maha hiyai niraMtara jhAla duddharo / aNaraichAruchittu paccillai tajjai tAma daDDhae, ihu accariu tujjha ukkaMThi sarorUha amha vaDDhae // 120 // uparyukta vivecana-vizleSaNa se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki saMdeza-rAsaka meM yadyapi viraha ke aMtargata zArIrika dazAoM kA hI varNana adhika huA hai, kintu kavi ne use itane mArmika DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai ki vaha hRdaya meM bahuta dUra jAkara gaharI saMvedanA ko jagAtA hai| bAhya vyApAroM ko citrita karane meM bhI saMdeza-rAsaka kI padAvalI atyaMta prabhAvazAlinI hai| kavi kI bhAvaprerita anubhUti-spaMdita vANI sIdhe aMtasthala taka pahuMce binA bIca meM rukanA nahIM caahtii| kAraNa yaha hai ki a6hamANa ne sadaiva svAbhAvikatA aura mArmikatA kA dhyAna rkhaa| sAdhAraNa kaviyoM kI bhAMti ve camatkAra ke lobha meM nahIM par3e haiN| hRdaya ke gahare-se-gahare bhAvoM ko vaha sAdhAraNa DhaMga se vyakta karane meM paTu haiN| 1. saMdeza-rAsaka, saM. AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI evaM vizvanAtha tripAThI, pR. 143 / 2. vahI, pR. 1491 3. nATyazAstra, A. bharatamuni, saM. baTukanAtha upAdhyAya, adhyAya 6, kaarikaa-46| 4. dazarUpaka, dhanaMjaya, saM. DaoN. bholAzaMkara vyAsa, pR. 253 / 5. zrRMgAra-prakAza, bhoja, saM. vI. rAghavan, prathama prkaash-2| 6. sAhitya darpaNa, vizvanAtha, saM. satyavrata siMha, 3.183 / 7. saMskRta aura rItikAlIna hindI kAvya meM zrRMgAra-paraMparA, DaoN. dayAnaMda zarmA, pR. 11 / 8. rasagaMgAdhara, paMDitarAja jagannAtha, TI. nAgeza bhaTTa, pR. 31-331 9. Adhunika hindI kAvya meM viraha-bhAvanA, DaoN. madhura mAlatI siMha, pR. 6 / 10. dhvanyAloka, AnaMdavardhana, saM. DaoN. nagendra, pR. 1411 11. rasa-siddhAnta-svarUpa vizleSaNa, DaoN. AnaMdaprakAza dIkSita, pR. 314 / 12. kAvyAlaMkAra, rudraTa, adhyAya 13.6 / 13. bhikhArIdAsa-graMthAvalI-rasa sArAMza, saM. AcArya vizvanAtha prasAda mizra, pada 10 / 14. vahI, khaNDa 2, kAvya nirNaya 4.101 15. nATyazAstra, A. bharatamuni, saM. baTukanAtha upAdhyAya, adhyAya 241 16. vahI, adhyAya 201| 17. zrRMgAra prakAza, A. bhojarAja, saM. vI. rAghavan, adhyAya 16 / 18. kAvya-darpaNa, paM. rAmadahina mizra, pR. 171 / 19. vahI

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54 apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 20. nATyazAstra, A. bharatamuni, saM. baTukanAtha upAdhyAya, adhyaay-7.8| 21. dasarUpaka, dhanaMjaya, saM. DaoN. bholAzaMkara vyAsa, 4.48 / 22. rasagaMgAdhara, paMDitarAja jagannAtha, saM. madanamohana jhA, pR. 130 / 23. saMdeza-rAsaka, saM. A. hajArI prasAda dvivedI evaM DaoN. vizvanAtha tripAThI, pR. 116 / 24. rItikAlIna kAvyabhASA, DaoN. indra bahAdura siMha, pR. 313 / 25. vahI, pR. saM. 3141 26. saMdeza-rAsaka, saM. A. hajArI prasAda dvivedI tathA DaoN. vizvanAtha tripAThI, pR. 115 / 27. vahI, pR. 1291 28. vahI, pR. 1321 snAtakottara vyAkhyAtA hindI vibhAga rAmaniraMjana jhunajhunavAlA kaoNleja ghATakopara (pa.), bambaI-400086

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 janavarI-julAI-1994 hemacandra ke prAkRtavyAkaraNa meM uddhRta apabhraMza ke dohoM meM nArI-hRdaya kI dhar3akaneM - DaoN. vI. DI. hegaDe hemacandra ke prAkRtavyAkaraNa meM uddhRta apabhraMza ke dohe lokamAnasa ke sAkSAt phala haiN| ataH lokasaMpRkti unakA mUladravya hai| ukta katipaya dohoM meM nArI-hRdaya kI madhura pIr3A samAyI huI hai| eka nArI apanI sakhI se kahatI hai - he sakhi ! aMgoM se aMga nahIM milA, adhara se adhara prApta nahIM huA, priya kA mukha-kamala dekhate-dekhate yoM hI sukha samApta ho gayA - aMgahi aMgu na miliu hali ahare aharu na pattu / pia joantihe muha-kamalu emvai surau samattu // ' proSitapatikA mugdhA nAyikA ke kathana meM viraha kI madhura pIr3A kA sajIva citraNa huA hai| vaha sakhI se kahatI hai ki pravAsa karate hue priya ne mujhe jo dina diye the unheM ginate hue merI aMguliyA~ nakha se jarjarita ho giiN| ukta kathana se spaSTa hotA hai ki proSitapatikA ke lie priyAgamana kI pratIkSA madhura yAtanA ke sadRza hai| nakha se jarjarita aMguliyA~ isakI gavAha haiN| yathA je mahu diNNA diahaDA daie~ pavasanteNa / tANa gaNantie aMguliu jajariAu naheNa "

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56 apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 __eka prasaMga meM priya ko agnisadRza mAnA gayA hai aura usake apriya kArya ko bhUlatI huI nAyikA apanI dUradarzitA dikhAtI hai| yathA - (nAyikA kI ukti sakhI se) - vippia-Arau jai vi piu to vitaM ANahi anju / aggiNa daDDhA jai vi gharu to teM aggiM kajju // - yadyapi priya vipriyakAraka hai to bhI Aja use laa| yadyapi Aga se ghara jala jAtA hai to bhI usa Aga se kAja hai arthAt usa Aga se kAma par3atA hI hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki puruSa yugoM se svecchAcArI hote hI Ae haiN| kahIM ke kahIM rama ge| lekina nArI use kaise chor3a de ? Aga se ghara jalatA jarUra hai, phira bhI usase kAma lenA koI kaise chor3a de? yahA~ do aMza avalokanIya haiM - eka to yaha ki puruSa kI bevafAI ke prati nArI kI zikAyata kA itihAsa bahuta purAnA hai aura dUsare ina zikAyatoM meM prema-pIr3ita hRdaya kI dhar3akanoM kI bArAta sajI huI hai| jyoM-jyoM zyAmA (SoDazI) adhikAdhika locanoM ko baMkimA sikhAtI hai, tyoM-tyoM manmatha apane zaroM ko khare patthara para tIkhA karatA hai aura yaha prasaMga dohe kA libAsa pahanakara kavimAnasa se AvirbhUta hotA hai| yathA - jive jivaM vaMkima loaNahaM Niru sAmali sikkhei / tiveM tiveM vammahu niaya-sara khara-patthari tikkhei / vAyasa ur3AtI huI priyA ne sahasA priya ko dekhaa| dekhate hI usake Adhe valaya pRthvI para gire aura Adhe tar3atar3a TUTa ge|jb isa suMdara prasaMga ne zabdarUpa dhAraNa kara liyA taba nimnalikhita dohA avatIrNa huA - vAyasu uDDAvantiae piu diTThau sahasa tti / addhA valayA mahihi gaya addhA taDa tti // ukta dohe meM priyA kI viraha-janita kRzatA evaM taduparAnta priya-darzana se utpanna prasannatA kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai| ubhaya bhAvoM ke phalasvarUpa ukta prasaMga anUThA bana gayA hai| virahajanita kRzatA ke kAraNa kucha cUr3iyA~ DhIlI hokara gira par3I haiM; lekina priya ke darzana kI khuzI meM sahasA vaha itanI moTI ho gaI ki bAkI cUr3iyA~ TUTa gyiiN| apane hRdaya ko saMbodhita karate hue eka nArI kahatI hai ki he hRdaya, tar3aka kara phaTa jaa| kAlakSepa (dera) karane se kyA (lAbha)? phira dekhU ki yaha hatavidhi (muA vidhAtA) ina saikar3oM du:khoM ko tere binA kahA~ rakhatA hai ? priya kI anupasthiti meM nAyikA ne mana hI mana nAnA prakAra ke saMkalpa kiye haiN| isa bAra usane aisI krIr3A karane kA irAdA kiyA jaisI kabhI nahIM kI thii| usakA vicAra thA ki jisa taraha miTTI ke naye bartana meM rakhate hI pAnI usake kaNa-kaNa meM bhida jAtA hai usI taraha maiM usake sarvAMga meM praveza kara jAU~gI -

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 57 hiyar3A phuTTi taDa ti kari kAlakkheveM kaaii| dekkhauM haya-vihi kahi~ Thavai pai~ viNu dukkha-sayAMi // * jai kevai pAvIsu piu akiA kuDDa karIsu / pANiu navai sarAvi jivaM savvaMgeM paisIsu // - yadi kisI prakAra priya ko pA lU~gI to akRta (apUrva) kautuka kruuNgii| pAnI naye zarAva (kulhaDa, puravA) meM jaise (praviSTa ho jAtA hai) maiM bhI sarvAMga se praveza kara jaauuNgii| nAyikA mana hI mana saMkalpa karatI hai ki priya AegA, maiM rUlUMgI aura mujha rUThI huI ko vaha manAegA; lekina usakI sArI rAteM aise hI manorathoM meM nitya bIta jAtI haiM - __ esI piu rUsesu haU~ ruTThI mai~ aNuNei / paggimva ei maNorahaiM dukkaru daiu karei // Akhira priya AtA hai to nAyikA ke sAre manoratha tAka para dhare raha jAte haiM - ammIe satthAvatthehiM sudhi ciMtijai maannu| pie diDhe hallohaleNa ko ceai appANu // 0 - vaha kahatI hai ki rI ammA ! svastha avasthAvAlI sukha se mAna kA ciMtana kare (rUThane kI bAta soce)| priya ke dikhAI par3ane para har3abar3I meM apanApana kauna cetatA hai ? yahA~ mugdhA nAyikA kA rUThane kA saMkalpa TUTa gayA hai| mana dhokhA de gayA hai| vaha socatI hai ki mAna vaha kare jisakI avasthA svastha ho| yahA~ to priya ko dekhate hI har3abar3I meM nijatva hI bisara jAtA hai| nAyikA ko priya ke saMgama meM nIMda kahA~ ! priya kI anupasthiti meM bhI nIMda kaisI ? vaha donoM prakAra se vinaSTa huI hai; nIMda na yoM na tyoM - piya-saMgami kau niddaDI piaho parokkhaho kemva / mai~ vini vi vinAsiA nidda na emva na temva // 1 rUThanA nAyikA ko maMjUra nahIM hai| vaha priya se kahatI hai ki jIvana caMcala hai, maraNa dhruva hai| he priya ! rUsie kyoM ? rUsane kA (rUThane kA) dina to sau divya (devatAoM ke) varSoM kA hogaa| yathA - caMcalu jIviu dhruvu maraNuM piarUsijjai kAI / hosahi~ diahA rUsaNA divvaI varisa-sayAI // 2 jo pravAsa karate hue priya ke sAtha nahIM gayI aura na usake viyoga meM muI (marI) hI, to suhRdjana ko saMdeza detI huI lajAtI hai -

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58 jaba priya kevala jAne kA ADambara karatA hai taba nAyikA hasIna gussA prakaTa karake kahatI hai - jau pavasanteM sahu~ na gaya na mua vioe~ tassu / jijar3a saMdesaDA dintehiM suhaya-jaNassu // 13 apabhraMza - bhAratI 5-6 jAne do; jAte hue ko mata roko| dekhU~ kitane paga detA hai ! hRdaya meM to maiM hI tirachI hokara par3I hU~, priya kevala jAne kA ADambara kara rahA hai| jAu ma jantau pallavaha dekkhau~ kai paya dei / hiai tiricchI hau ji para piu Dambarai~ karei // 14 priya kA anAgamana jitanA duHkhaprada hai utanA hI dukhaprada hai priya kA Akara turanta calA jAnA / priya ke isa vyavahAra ke prati nAyikA kI zikAyata nimnalikhita dohe meM pAyI jAtI hai| ekku kaiaha vi na AvahI annu vahillau jAhi / maIM mittaDA pramANiau pai~ jehau khalu nAhiM // 15 eka to kabhI bhI AtA nahIM, dUsare AtA hai to turanta calA jAtA hai| he mitaU ! maiMne pramANita kiyA ki tumhAre jaisA khala nahIM hai / eka nArI apane kaThora hRdaya kI bhartsanA karate hue kahatI hai. hiaDA pai~ ehu bolliao mahu aggar3a saya-vAra / phuTTisu pie pavasanti hau~ bhaNDaya Dhakkari - sAra // 16 * he hRdaya ! tUne mere Age saikar3oM bAra yaha kahA thA ki priya ke pravAsa karate samaya maiM phaTa jAU~gA / are adbhuta kaThora ! are bhaNDa ! - mugdha svabhAvavAlA hRdaya jo-jo dekhatA hai, usI para anurakta ho jAtA hai, nAyikA use cetAvanI dete hue kahatI hai ki use Age calakara phUTanevAle lohe ke samAna ghanA tApa sahanA pdd'egaa| yathA - jai raccasi jAiTThiae hiaDA muddha-sahAva | loheM phuTTaNaeNa jiva~ ghaNA sahesai tAva // 7 jaba nArI - hRdaya kI dhar3akana viraha pIr3A kI gaharAI ko chUtI hai taba vaha nimnavartI dohe ke rUpa meM sAkAra ho jAtI hai - mai~ jANiu~ buDDIsu hau~ pemma-drahi huhuru tti / navari acintiya saMpaDiya vippiya-nAva jhaDatti // 18 maiMne jAnA thA ki prema-sarovara meM maiM DUba jAU~gI / lekina viraha kI nAva jhaTa se acintitarUpa se A pdd'ii|

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 59 priya ke Agamana kI bAta zrutimadhura hotI hai| vaha nAyikA ke viraha-dagdha hRdaya meM nayI jAna phUMka detI hai - piu Aiu sua vattaDI jhuNi kannaDai paiTTha / / taho virahaho nAsaMtaaho dhUlaDiA vi na diTTha // " - 'priya AyA' yaha vArtA sunI; dhvani kAna meM paitthii| (taba) usa viraha ke naSTa hote hI dhUla bhI na dIkhI / _ jaba kRzatA ke kAraNa valayAvalI ke girane ke bhaya se dhanyA bhujA uThAkara jAtI hai taba kavihRdaya ko aisA pratIta hotA hai mAno vaha vallabha ke viraha ke mahAsarovara kI thAha le rahI ho - valayAvali nivaDaNa-bhaeNa dhaNa uddhabbhua jaai| vallaha-viraha-mahAdahaho thAha gavesai nAi / kalahAntaritA nAyikA ko pachatAvA ho rahA hai ki usane saMdhyA-samaya priya se kalaha kara liyaa| usakA kahanA hai ki vinAza ke samaya buddhi viparIta ho jAtI hai - __ ammaDi pacchAyAvaDA piu kalahiau viAli / ghaI vivarIrI buddhaDI hoi viNAsaho kAli 1 jaba gorI bATa johatI huI, A~sU se kaMcuka ko gIlA aura sUkhA karatI huI dIkhatI hai taba sArA prasaMga nimnalikhita dohe meM apanA lAvaNya dikhAtA hai - pahiA diTThI goraDI TThiI maggu nianta / aMsUsAsehiM kaMcuA tiMtuvvANa karaMta // 22 hemacandra ke prAkRta-vyAkaraNa meM uddhRta apabhraMza ke kucha dohoM meM nArI na kevala virahiNI ke rUpa meM prakaTa huI hai; apitu vIrAMganA ke rUpa meM bhI dikhAI detI hai| yadi virahiNI-rUpa nArIhRdaya kI komalatA kA paricAyaka hai to vIrAMganA-rUpa usakI tejasvitA kA samudghATana kara detA hai| vIrAMganAoM ke itihAsa ke avalokana se vidita hotA hai ki unhoMne apane patiyoM meM utsAha kI umaMgeM barAbara bharI haiM aura apanA saba-kucha luTAkara bhI apane patiyoM kA vIratva surakSita rakhA hai aura isI meM apanA vIratva bhI prakAzita kiyA hai| vIrAMganA ke do rUpa avalokanIya haiM - vIramAtA aura viirptnii| hemacandra ke prAkRtavyAkaraNa meM uddhRta apabhraMza ke katipaya dohoM meM vIrapatnI ke hRdayodgAra ucca sunAI dete haiN| __jo saikar3oM lar3AiyoM meM bakhAnA jAtA hai usa ati matta tyaktAMkuza gajoM ke kumbhasthaloM ko vidIrNa karanevAle apane kaMta ko dikhAte hue eka vIrAMganA garva kA anubhava karatI hai| yathA - saMgara-saehi~ ju vaNNiai dekkhu amhArA kaMtu / / aimattahaM cattaMkusahaM gaya kumbhaI dAraMtu // kAyaratA para digvijaya vIrAMganA kI mahAn vizeSatA hai| use apane pati kI mRtyu para zoka . ke sthAna para harSa adhika hotA hai| vaha kahatI hai -

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60 bhallA huA ju mAriA bahiNi mahArA kaMtu / lajjejaM tu vayaMsiahu jai bhaggA gharu entu // 24 apabhraMza - bhAratI 5-6 he bahana ! bhalA huA merA kaMta mArA gyaa| yadi bhAgA huA ghara AtA to maiM sakhiyoM meM lajjita ho jaatii| Azaya yaha hai ki yuddhavIra kAMta ne antatogatvA kAyaratA ko hI jIta liyA hai| apane priya ke hAthoM meM virAjamAna karavAla para vIrAMganA garva karatI hai aura kahatI hai bhagga dekkhivi niaya-balu balu pasaria parassu / ummillai sasi-reha jiva~ kari karavAlu piyassu // 25 apanI senA ko bhAgate hue aura zatru senA ko bar3hate hue dekhakara mere priya ke hAthoM meM karavAla zazi- lekhA kI taraha camaka uThatI hai| eka vIrAMganA kA kathana hai ki jahA~ zara se zara kATA jA rahA hai aura khaDga chinna ho rahA hai, vahA~ bhaToM kI ghaTA ke vaise samUha meM merA kaMta mArga prakAzita karatA hai / yathA - jahi~ kappijjai sariNa saru chijjai khaggiNa khaggu / tahi~ tehai bhaDa-ghaDa-nivahi kantu payAsai maggu // 26 apane kAnta ke krodha kA varNana vIrAMganA sakhI ke sammukha karatI hai kantu mahArau hali sahie nicchar3eM rUsa jAsu / atthihiM satthihiM hatthihiM vi ThAu vi pheDai tAsu // 27 * he sakhI ! hamArA kAMta nizcaya karake jisase ruSTa hotA hai usake ThA~va taka ko astroM, zastroM aura hAthoM se bhI tor3a-phor3a detA hai| vIrAMganA ko dukhIjanoM kA uddhAra karanevAlA kAnta bar3A acchA lagatA hai| usakA kathana hai ki yadi bar3e gharoM ko pUchate ho to bar3e ghara ve rhe| kintu dukhIjanoM kA uddhAra karanevAle mere kAMta ko isa kuTIra meM dekho / yathA - jai pucchaha ghara vaDDAI to vaDDA ghara oi / vihalia-jaNa-abbhuddharaNu kaMtu kuDIrai jor3a 28 apane priya kI dAnavIratA ke saMbaMdha meM vIrAMganA ke hRdayodgAra draSTavya haiN| yathA - mahu kaMtaho ve dosaDA helli ma jhaMkhahi Alu / dentaho hauM para uvvaria jujjhataho karavAlu // 29 - * mere kAMta ke do doSa haiN| he sakhI ! jhUTha mata bol| dAna dete hue kevala maiM bacI hU~ aura jUjhate hue karavAla | vIrAMganA ke ukta kathana se spaSTa hotA hai ki use apane dAnavIra evaM yuddhavIra kAMta para bar3A garva hai / vAgvidagdhatApUrvaka yaha bhAva prakaTa huA hai| yadi anya kAloM meM yuddha kSatriyoM kA 'kAmya karma' thA to apabhraMza-yuga meM yuddha hI kSatriyoM kA 'nityakarma' bana gayA thA / lokaiSaNA ko sarvocca mAnA gayA thA / 'kA cintA maraNe raNe' aisI

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 61 vIra manobhUmi kA nirmANa ho gayA thaa| raNa aura maraNa ko samAna mAnakara vIrAMganA palAyana kI apekSA maraNa ke varaNa para bala detI hai| yathA - jai bhaggA pArakkaDA to sahi majjhu pieNa / aha bhaggA amhahaM taNA to teM mariaDeNa // - he sakhI ! yadi zatru bhAge haiM to mere priya (ke Dara) se aura yadi hamAre loga bhAge haiM to usake (priya ke) mAre jAne se| vIrAMganA ke uparyukta hRdayodgAra meM yaha vizvAsa kUTa-kUTakara bharA huA hai ki usakA vIra pati lar3anA aura maranA hI jAnatA hai| usane bhAganA nahIM sIkhA hai| pratipakSI se yuddha meM tila-tila karake kaTa jAnA parantu muMha na mor3anA ukta vIrAMganA ke yuddhavIra kAMta kA amara saMdeza hai| vIra pati meM zatru-senA ke hAthiyoM kA kumbhasthala vidIrNa karane kI kSamatA utpanna karanevAlI yuddhavIrAMganA kA kathana hai ki he priya, jahA~ khaDga kA vyavasAya mile hama usI deza meM cleN| raNa-durbhikSa meM hama kSINa ho gae haiN| binA yuddha ke nahIM sNbhleNge| yathA - khagga visAhiu jahi lahahuM piya tahiM desahi~ jAhu~ / raNa dubbhikkheM bhaggAI viNu jujheM na balAhuM // " __ rudhira-dhArA bahAkara jalate hue jhoMpar3oM ko bujhA dene kI, apane kAMta kI kSamatA para vIrAMganA ko aTala vizvAsa hai| isa saMbaMdha meM usake hRdayodgAra draSTavya haiN| yathA - mahu kantaho guTTha-TThiaho kara jhumpaDA valanti / aha riu-ruhireM ulhavai aha appaNe na bhanti // 2 - mere kaMta ke goTha meM rahate hue jhoMpar3e kaise jalate haiM ? yA to vaha ripu ke rudhira se bujhA detA hai yA apane rudhira se| isameM bhrAnti nahIM hai| __kabandha-yuddha vIroM ke raNotsAha kA caramotkarSa hai| sira ke kaTane ke uparAnta bhI dhar3a kA yuddha karate rahanA kabandha-yuddha kahalAtA hai| hindI sAhitya ke Adi-mahAkAvya 'pRthvIrAjarAso' meM kabandha-yuddha kA varNana pracura mAtrA meM upalabdha hotA hai| vahA~ varNita hai ki narasiMha dAhima kA sira kaTa gayA parantu usake dhar3a ne bar3hakara yuddha kiyaa| Alhana kumAra ke kabandha kA kArya bhI sarAhanIya hai| mahAmAyA kA smaraNa aura jApa karake usa vIra ne apane hAtha se apanA sira kaattaa| phira pRthvIrAja ke sAmane use chor3akara usakA dhar3a bAyeM hAtha meM kaTAra lekara yuddha ke lie agrasara huA aura paMga-dala ko apanI mAra-kATa se vicalita kara ddaalaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki rAhu ke amara kabandha kI apane zatru (sUrya aura candra) ke prati pratikriyA ne zanaiH zanaiH sAhitya meM nara-kabandhoM dvArA yuddha karane kI paraMparA DAlane kI preraNA dI thii| sAhityika varNanoM meM atizayokti kI abhivyaMjanA to spaSTa hai, parantu raNa kI viSama mArakATa ke bIca meM parama utsAhI udbhaTa vIroM ke sira kaTane para unake kabandha apane

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 jIvita pratipakSI para rakta kI kSipratA aura pUrva joza Adi ke kAraNa kucha samaya taka prahAra karate rahate haiN| nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki caMdabaradAI ko kabandha-yuddha-varNana kI paramparA apabhraMza se prApta huI hai| isa saMbaMdha meM hemacandra ke prAkRta-vyAkaraNa meM uddhRta apabhraMza kA eka dohA draSTavya hai pAi vilaggI antraDI siru lhasiuM khandhassu / to vi kaTArai hatthaDau bali kijjau~ kantassu / apane kAMta ke kabandha-yuddha kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA karake vIrAMganA kahatI hai ki pA~va meM aMtar3iyA~ lagI haiM, sira kandhe se laTaka gayA hai to bhI hAtha kaTArI para hai| kAMta kI maiM bali jaauuN| ukta kathana meM kSatrANI kA vIra hRdayodgAra samAyA huA hai| antatogatvA haima vyAkaraNa ke nArI-hRdaya-saMbaMdhI ukta dohoM ko do bhAgoM meM vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai| prathama bhAga meM ve dohe samAviSTa kiye jA sakate haiM jo nArI-hRdaya ke madhura pakSa kA udghATana karate haiN| dUsare bhAga meM nArI-hRdaya ke paruSa evaM vIra pakSa se saMbaMdha rakhanevAle dohe Ate haiN| DaoN. nAmavarasiMha ke zabdoM meM - "praNayI jIvana ke ina dohoM meM vaha sAdagI, saralatA aura tAjagI hai jo hindI ke samUce rIti-kAvya meM bhI muzkila se milegii| kalA vahA~ jarUra hai, cAturI vahA~ khUba hai| eka-eka zabda meM adhika se adhika camatkRta karane kI zakti bhI ho sakatI hai, matalaba yaha ki vahA~ gAgara meM sAgara bharane kI karAmAta ho sakatI hai lekina gAgara meM jitanA hI amRta bharane kI jo ceSTA yahA~ hai usa para rIjhanevAle sujAna bhI kama nahIM haiN| kaThina kAma gAgara meM sAgara bharanA ho sakatA hai lekina gAgara meM apanA hRdaya bhara denA kahIM adhika kaThina hai| haima vyAkaraNa ke ina dohoM kI gAgara aisI hI hai| AryA aura gAhA satasaI kI taraha isa dohAvalI ke bhI eka-eka dohe para darjanoM prabaMdha-kAvya nichAvara kiye jA sakate haiN|"36 niSkarSataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki haima vyAkaraNa ke zrRMgAra aura zaurya-saMbaMdhI dohoM meM nArI-hRdaya kI dhar3akaneM apane pUrNa lAvaNya ke sAtha kAvya-rUpa grahaNa kiye hue haiN| sAmAjika klIbatA ke nivAraNa ke lie ukta dohoM kA punaH punaH paThana nitAnta Avazyaka hai| ukta dohoM meM na kevala rasarAja zRMgAra kA vizvamohaka rUpa prakaTa huA hai, apitu rasarAjarAja vIra kA vizvapoSaka rUpa pradarzita huA hai / vIrAMganAoM ke ukta madhura evaM vIra hRdayodgAroM ne na kevala apane vIra patiyoM meM zatru-senA ke hAthiyoM kA kumbhasthala vidIrNa karane kI kSamatA utpanna kI hai, apitu kAyaratA para digvijaya prApta karake klIbatA ke khaNDana ke itihAsa meM eka suMdara adhyAya jor3a diyA hai| 1. prAkRta vyAkaraNa, AcArya hemacandra, sUtra saMkhyA 332 meM uddhRta, pR. 591 / [ Siddha-Hema-Sabdanusasana, Hemachandra, Eighth Adhyaya, Bhanderkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona, 1980, Revised by P.L. Vaidya] 2. vahI, sUtra 333 meM uddhRta /

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 3. vahI, sUtra 343 meM uddhRta, pR. 593 / / 4. vahI, sUtra 344 meM uddhRta, pR. 594 / 5. vahI, sUtra 352 meM uddhRta, pR. 596 / 6. vahI, sUtra 357 meM uddhRta, pR. 597 / 7. vahI, sUtra 396 meM uddhRta, pR. 608 / 8. hindI ke vikAsa meM apabhraMza kA yoga, pR. 312, DaoN. nAmavara siMha, lokabhAratI prakAzana, ilAhAbAda, paMcama, parivardhita saMskaraNa 1971 / 9. hemacandrAcAryaviracitaM prAkRtavyAkaraNam sUtra 414 meM uddhRta, pR. 613 / 10. vahI, sUtra 396 meM uddhRta, pR. 608 / 11. vahI, sUtra 418 meM uddhRta, pR. 614 / 12. vahI, pR. 615 / 13. vahI, sUtra 419 meM uddhRta, pR. 616 / 14. vahI / 15. vahI, sUtra 422 meM uddhRta, pR. 617 / 16. vahI, pR. 618 / 17. vahI, pR. 619 / 18. vhii| 19. vahI, sUtra 432 meM uddhRta, pR. 623 / 20. vahI, sUtra 444 meM uddhRta, pR. 626 / 21. vahI, sUtra 424 meM uddhRta, pR. 620 / vahI, sUtra 431 meM uddhRta, pR. 622 / sUtra 345 meM uddhRta, pR. 594 / sUtra 351 meM uddhRta, pR. 595 / sUtra 356 meM uddhRta, pR. 596 / 26. vahI, sUtra 357 meM uddhRta, pR. 597 / 27. vhii| 28. vahI, sUtra 364 meM uddhRta, pR. 598 / 29. vahI, sUtra 379 meM uddhRta, pR. 603 / 30. vhii| 31. vahI, sUtra 386 meM uddhRta, pR. 605 /

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64 apabhraMza - bhAratI 5-6 32. vahI, sUtra 416 meM uddhRta, pR. 614 33. caMdabaradAI aura unakA kAvya, pR. 113 | bipinabihArI trivedI, hindustAnI akAdamI, ilAhAbAda 1942 / 34. vahI, pR. 113-114 / 35. hemacandrAcArya viracitaM prAkRta-vyAkaraNam, sUtra 445 meM uddhRta, pR. 627 / 36. hindI ke vikAsa meM apabhraMza kA yoga, pR. 234 / vyAkhyAtA hindI vibhAga mAnasagaMgotrI maisUra vizvavidyAlaya maisUra - 570006

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 janavarI-julAI-1994 65 karakaNDucariu meM aNupekkhA : prayojana dRSTi - DaoN. (ku.) ArAdhanA jaina 'svataMtra' jIvana ke avyakta rahasya kI bhAvanA vyakta karanA kAvya kA mukhya uddezya hotA hai / isa kAraNa kisI bhI jAti aura deza kA eka yuga vizeSa meM likhA gayA kAvya bhI sarvayugIna hotA hai|' kAvyaprakAza meM AcArya mammaTa ne kAvya ke chaha prayojanoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai - (1) yazaprApti, (2) arthaprApti, (3) vyavahAra-jJAna, (4) amaMgala-nivAraNa, (5) sadhaH Ananda-prApti aura (6) priyA ke samAna madhura zailI meM upadeza dene kI sAmarthya - kAvyaM yazase'rthakate vyavahAravide zivetarakSataye / sadyaH paranirvRttaye kAntAsammitatayodadeza puje // sAhitya darpaNakAra ne kAvya-prayojanoM ko nimna rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA hai - caturvargaphalaprAptiH sukhAdalpadhiyAmapi / kAvyAdeva yatastena tatsvarUpaM nirUpyate // uparyukta kathyoM para vicAra karane se eka tathya prApta hotA hai ki sadkAvya caturvarga kA sAdhaka hai tathA sadhaH Ananda yA prIti utpanna karanA usakA viziSTa prayojana hai| bhAratIya paramparA antima puruSArtha 'mokSa' ko apanA lakSya mAnatI hai aura kAvya bhI isI puruSArtha ko puSTa karatA hai| Ananda ke pUrNa prasphuTana kA nAma mokSa hai aura sadkAvya isI atIndriya Ananda kI sadyaH pratIti karAtA hai| ataH sadkAvya se bar3hakara zivatva yA mokSa kA sAdhaka anya koI sAdhana nahIM ho sktaa|

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66 apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 muni kanakAmara viracita karakaNDucariu mahAkAvya kA pradhAna prayojana 'mokSa' puruSArtha kI siddhi karanA, atIndriya Ananda kI anubhUti karAnA rahA hai| isa Ananda kI anubhUti zAnta rasa se hI ho sakatI hai| ataH kavi ne tattvajJAna, vairAgya, hRdaya-zuddhi Adi vibhAvoM; yama, niyama, adhyAtma, dhyAna Adi anubhAvoM evaM nirveda, smRti, dhRti Adi vyabhicArI bhAvoM kA varNana anuprekSAoM ke mAdhyama se kiyA hai aura sahRdaya kA 'zama' sthAyI bhAva ubuddha kara zAntarasa kI anubhUti karAyI hai| kavi ne karakaNDucariu meM karakaNDu ke vairAgya prasaMga meM anuprekSA kA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai| yahA~ para anuprekSA ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| adhigatArthasya manasAdhyAso'nuprekSA anuprekSA arthAt cintana, bArambAra cintn| kisI viSaya kI gaharAI meM jAne ke lie usake svarUpa kA bAra-bAra vicAra karanA hI anuprekSA hai| paM.daulatarAmajI ne anuprekSA ko vairAgya utpanna karanevAlI jananI kahA hai - muni sakalavratI bar3abhAgI, bhavabhoganateM vairAgI / vairAgya upAvana mAI, cinteM anuprekSA bhAI // ' unakA kathana hai ki jaise pavana lagane se agni prajvalita hotI hai vaise hI anuprekSA ke cintana se samatArUpI sukha jAgRta ho jAtA hai| jaba yaha jIva AtmasvarUpa ko pahacAnakara usI meM lIna ho jAtA hai taba mokSa prApta karatA hai| . zubhacandrAcArya ne jJAnArNava meM anuprekSA kA mahattva nimna zabdoM meM pratipAdita kiyA hai - vidhyAti kaSAyAgni vigalitarAgo vilIyate dhyAntam / unmiSati bodhadIpo hRdi puMsAM bhAvanAbhyAsAt // ___ anuprekSAoM ke abhyAsa se jIvoM kI kaSAyAgni zAnta ho jAtI hai, rAga gala jAtA hai aura hRdaya meM jJAnarUpI dIpaka vikasita ho jAtA hai| vairAgyotpAdaka tattvacintana anuprekSA hai| ise bhAvanA bhI kahA jAtA hai| vairAgyavardhaka bAraha bhAvanAeM muktipatha kA pAtheya to haiM hI, laukika jIvana meM bhI atyanta upayogI haiN| iSTa-viyoga aura aniSTa-saMyogoM se utpanna udvegoM ko zAnta karanevAlI ye bAraha bhAvanAeM vyakti ko vipattiyoM meM dhairya aura sampattiyoM meM vinamratA pradAna karatI haiM, viSaya-kaSAyoM se virakta evaM dharma meM anurakta rakhatI haiN| jIvana ke moha evaM mRtyu ke bhaya ko kSINa karatI haiM, bahumUlya jIvana ke eka-eka kSaNa ko Atmahita meM saMlagna raha sArthaka kara lene ko nirantara prerita karatI haiM, jIvana ke nirmANa meM inakI upayogitA asaMdigdha hai| anuprekSA bAraha haiM - anitya, azaraNa, saMsAra, ekatva, anyatva, azuci, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, loka, bodhi durlabha aura dhrm| inameM Arambha kI chaha bhAvanAeM vairAgyotpAdaka aura antima

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67 apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 chaha tatvaparaka haiN| pratyeka ke krama meM bhI eka vikAsa dRSTigocara hotA hai| yahA~ para mAtra Arambha kI chaha vairAgyotpAdaka bhAvanAoM ke prayojana vicAraNIya haiN| jaba nArI ke hRdayavidAraka vilApa kA kAraNa rAjA karakaNDu ko jJAta hotA hai taba unakA vairAgya bhAva jAgarita ho jAtA hai| ve saMsAra, zarIra aura bhogoM kI kSaNabhaMguratA kA cintana karate haiM - dhI dhI asuhAvau maccalou, duhakAraNu maNuvaha aMgabhou / rayaNAyaratullau jetthu dukkhu, mahubiMdusamANau bhoyasukkhu // 9.4.7-8 - dhik-dhik yaha martyaloka asuhAvanA hai| zarIra kA bhoga hI mAnava ke duHkha kA kAraNa hai| jahA~ samudra ke tulya mahAn duHkha haiM aura bhogoM kA sukha madhubindu ke samAna (atyalpa) hai| daiveNa viNimmiu dehu jaMpi, lAyaNNau maNuvaha~ thiru Na taM pi / NavajovvANu maNaharu jaM caDei, devahi vi Na jANiu kahi~ paDei / je avara sarIrahi guNa vasaMti, Na vi jANahu~ keNa paheNa jaMti / te kAyaho jai guNa acala hoMti, saMsAra, virai Na muNi karaMti / karikaNNa jema thira kahi Na thAi, pekkhaMtaha siri NiNNAsu jAi / jaha sUyau karayati thiu galei, taha NAri virattI khaNi calei // 1.6.1-6 - daiva ke dvArA jisa deha kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai mAnava kA vaha lAvaNya bhI sthira nahIM hai| mAnava jisa manohara navayauvana para car3hatA hai, vaha bhI devoM ke dvArA na jAne kahA~ paTaka diyA jAtA hai| zarIra meM jo-jo anya guNa nivAsa karate haiM ve sabhI na jAne kisa mArga se nikala jAte haiN| yadi kAya ke ve guNa acala hote to muni saMsAra se virakti nahIM krte| gajakarNa ke samAna lakSmI sthira nahIM ThaharatI, dekhate hI dekhate vinaSTa ho jAtI hai| jisa prakAra pArA hathelI para rakhate hI gala jAtA hai usI prakAra nArI virakta hokara eka kSaNa meM calI jAtI hai| kavi ne anitya bhAvanA meM saMyogoM kI anityatA, kSaNabhaMguratA ko spaSTa kiyA hai| isakA prayojana Atmahita meM udyata mAnava kI ajJAnajanya AkulatA ko naSTa karanA aura rAga-dveSajanya AkulatA kSINakara use samatAbhAva meM sthita karanA hai / yaha bhAvanA hameM vastu ke pariNamana svabhAva ko sahaja se svIkArane, saMyogoM kI kSaNabhaMguratA kA Apatti ke rUpa meM nahIM - sampatti ke rUpa meM prasannacitta se svAgata karane, saMyogoM-viyogoM meM samatAbhAva rakhane evaM saMyogoM ko milAnehaTAne ke nirarthaka vikalpoM se yathAsaMbhava virata rahane hetu prerita karatI hai| isakA lakSya nija dRSTi ko pariNamanazIla saMyogoM aura paryAyoM se haTAkara Atma-svabhAva kI ora le jAnA hai| . anitya bhAvanA meM saMyogoM kI kSaNabhaMguratA kA bodha karAyA gayA hai phira bhI ajJAnI ko ajJAnavaza aura jJAnI ko rAgavaza zarIra jaise saMyogI padArtha ko sthira rakhane/surakSA karane sambandhI vikalpa-taraMgeM uThatI rahatI haiM aura citta ko Akula-vyAkula karatI haiN| ina vikalpoM kA zamana karanA hI azaraNa bhAvanA kA uddezya hai -

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68 apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 rayaNIe parisamaNu, saMgAme suradamaNu / Avaie~ pattAI, hiyayammi suttaaii| taho kiM pi Nau phurai, uDhei vaisarai / aha vivareM paisarau, suralou aNusarau / suragirihi ArUhau, paMjarahi~ taNu chuhau / baMdhavahi~ mittehi~, karadhariyakuMtehi / puttehi~ sutthiyau maMtehiM rakkhiyau / bhaDaNiyarapariyariu, Nau tehi~ puNu dhariu / balaeu cakkaharu, suraNAhu Nahe khayaru / jamu varuNu dharadharaNu, Na vi hoi kuvi saraNu / 9.7.1-10 - (jIva) rAtri meM vizrAma karatA hai, saMgrAma meM devoM kA damana karatA hai, kintu jaba Apatti par3atI hai taba hRdaya so jAtA hai| usakI koI ceSTA nahIM rahatI hai| vaha na uThatA hai, na baiThatA hai| cAhe guphA meM chipo, suraloka kA anusaraNa kro| suragiri para car3ho yA piMjare meM (apane) zarIra ko DAla rkho| cAhe bandha aura mitra hAtha meM bhAlA liye khaDe raheM, putra bacAte raheM aura mantra rakSA karate raheM yA yoddhAoM kA samUha ghere rahe kintu ye saba mRtyu se nahIM bacA skte| baladeva, cakradhArI nArAyaNa, surendra, AkAzagAmI khecara, yama, varuNa, zeSanAga koI bhI zaraNa nahIM hotA hai| yahA~ para kavi ne aneka yuktiyoM dvArA saMyogoM aura paryAyoM kI azaraNatA/asurakSA ko spaSTa kiyA hai| azaraNa' ahastakSepa kA sUcaka hai| kisI bhI dravya ke pariNamana meM kisI anya dravya kA raMcamAtra bhI hastakSepa nahIM cltaa| koI vyakti kitanA hI zaktizAlI kyoM na ho, vaha anya dravya ke pariNamana meM hastakSepa nahIM kara sktaa| vastu kI isa svabhAvagata vizeSatA kA citraNa evaM paryAyoM ke svataMtra pariNamana kA cintana hI azaraNa bhAvanA kA mUla hai| isa bhAvanA kA kendra bindu hai - 'marate na bacAve koii'| mRtyu kI anivAryatA aura azaraNatA ke marmabhedI satya kA dyotanakara mAnava kI bacAne kI saMzayAtmaka vRtti aura rAgAtmaka vRtti ko jar3amUla se naSTa karanA hI azaraNa bhAvanA kA mukhya prayojana hai| ___yadyapi anitya aura azaraNa bhAvanA meM vastu kA samyaksvarUpa spaSTa ho jAtA hai tathApi rAgavaza mAnava ko yaha bhrama ho sakatA hai ki saMyoga bhale hI asthAyI haiM para jaba taka haiM taba taka to inase sukha milegA hI milegaa| isa bhrama kA nivAraNa saMsAra bhAvanA meM kiyA gayA hai - saMsAra bhamaMtaha kavaNu sokkhu, asuhAvau pAvai vivihadukkhu / NarayAlaI NANANAraehi~, cirakiyahiM Nihammai vairaehi / hiyae~ Na vi ciMtahu~ sakkiyAi~, tahi~ bhuttaI pavara' dukkiyaa| avarupparu jAiviruddhaehi, tiriyANa majjhe uppaNNaehiM / muhabaMdhaNacheyaNatADaNAI, pAviyaI tehi~ tnnuphaaddnnaaii| maNuyattaNe mANau parimalaMtu, parijhijjai NiyamaNe salavalaMtu / suraloe~ pavaNNau NaTThabuddhi, maNi jhijai dekkhivi parahoriddhi / NaDaNAri jema rUvaI karei, tima jIu kalevara saI dharei / 9.8.1-8

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 69 - saMsAra meM bhramaNa karate hue jIvoM ko kaunasA sukha hotA hai ? vaha aneka prakAra ke asuhAvane duHkhoM ko hI pAtA hai| naraka loka meM vaha pUrva janma ke vairI aneka nArakiyoM dvArA mArA jAtA hai| vahA~ para aise bar3e-bar3e duHkhoM ko bhogatA hai jo hRdaya se soce bhI nahIM jA skte| paraspara jAti-virodhI tiryaMcoM ke bIca utpanna hokara unake dvArA mukha-bandhana, chedana, tAr3ana, aMgaphAr3ana duHkhoM ko prApta karatA hai| manuSyabhava meM mAna dhAraNa karatA huA apane mana meM salabalAtA aura parikSINa hotA rahatA hai| suraloka meM pahu~ca kara vaha naSTa-buddhi jIva dUsaroM kI Rddhi dekhakara mana meM khIjhatA rahatA hai| jisa prakAra naTa nArI nAnA rUpa dhAraNa karatI hai usI prakAra yaha jIva nAnA kalevara dhAraNa karatA hai| ___ saMsAra bhAvanA meM cAroM gati ke duHkhoM kA nirUpaNa, saMsAra kI asAratA aura saMyogoM kI nirarthakatA se avagata karAyA gayA hai| ___ anityAdi pUrvokta bhAvanAoM meM saMyogoM kI kSaNabhaMguratA, azaraNatA evaM nirarthakatA ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai phira bhI sabhI ko apanI-apanI bhUmikAnusAra sukha-duHkha eka sAtha milajulakara bhoga lene kA vikalpa uThA hI karatA hai| isa vikalpa ko jar3a se naSTa karane ke lie hI ekatva aura anyatva bhAvanA kA cintana kiyA jAtA hai| jIvana-maraNa, sukha-duHkha Adi sabhI sthitiyA~ jIva ko akele hI bhoganI par3atI haiN| isa tathya kA cintana-manana ekatva bhAvanA meM kiyA jAtA hai - jIvahA~ susahAu Na atthi ko vi, Narayammi paDaMtau dharai jo vi / suhisajaNaNaMdaNaiTThabhAya, Navi jIvaho jaMtaho e sahAya / Niya jaNaNi jaNaNu rovaMtayAi~, jIve sahu~ tAI Na para gyaaiN| dhaNu Na calai gehaho ekku pAu, ekkallau bhuMjai dhamma pAu / taNu jalaNi jalaMtai parivaDei, ekkallau vaivasaghari caDei / jahi~ NayaNaNimesu Na suhu havei, ekkallau tahi~ duhu aNuhavei / ahiNaulasIhavaNayaraha~ majjhe, uppajai ekku vi jiu asajjhe / surakheyarakiMNarasuhayagAma, tahiM bhuMjai ekku vi jiyai jAma / 1.9.1-8 - jIva kA aisA koI bhI susahAyaka nahIM hai jo use naraka meM girane se bacA le| suhRd, svajana, putra, iSTa, bhrAtA ye jAte hue jIva ke sahAyaka nahIM hote| apanI jananI-janaka rote hue bhI jIva ke sAtha eka kadama nahIM jaate| dhana eka paira bhI ghara ke bAhara sAtha nahIM cltaa| jIva akelA hI dharma yA pApa ke phala ko bhogatA hai| zarIra jalatI huI agni meM girakara bhasma ho jAtA hai| jIva akelA hI yama ke ghara ko car3hatA hai| vahA~ nayana-nimeSa bhAga (palabhara) bhI sukha nahIM hotaa| jIva akelA hI duHkha kA anubhava karatA hai| asAdhya (duHkhapUrNa) ahi, nakula, siMha Adi vanacaroM ke bIca jIva akelA hI utpanna hotA hai| sura-khecara-kinnaroM ke sundara grAma meM jIva akelA hI jaba taka jItA hai, bhoga bhogatA hai|

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apabhraMza - bhAratI 5-6 ukta chanda meM kavi ne ekatva bhAvanA dvArA saMsAra se udAsInatA aura vItarAgabhAva jAgRta karane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai| pUjyapAda svAmI ne bhI sarvArthasiddhi meM ekatvAnuprekSA kA prayojana aura phala batalAte hue likhA hai - 70 evaM yasya bhAvayataH svajaneSu prItyAnubandho na bhavati paraMjaneSu ca dveSAnubandhI nopajAyate / tato nisaGgatAmabhyupagato mokSAyaiva ghaTate / isa prakAra cintavana karate hue jIva ke svajanoM meM prIti kA aura parajanoM meM dveSa kA anubandha nahIM hotaa| isalie nisaMgatA ko prApta hokara mokSa ke lie hI prayatna karatA hai| ekatva bhAvanA kA prayojana yahI hai ki manuja para kA sAtha khojane ke vikalpa se virata ho aura AtmasvarUpa ko pahacAnakara usI meM lIna rahe / ekatva bhAvanA ke kathya ko hI anyatva bhAvanA meM nAsti se spaSTa kiyA gayA hai pariposiu usahaMsaehi~ jaM pi, bhiNNau sarIru jIvAu taM pi / loyaNai~ sutAraI~ dIharAIM, jIvaho paribhiNNai~ suhayarAi~ / jIhA tarUpallavasaNNihA vi, jIvaho dUreNa vi sAthiyA vi / taNuphaMsagaMdhakaNNahaM samidhdi, jIvaho aibhiNNI rUvariddhi / je avara vi guNa kAyaho milaMti, te jIvaho bhiNNA saMcalaMti / je kAyaho thUlA bahuya ke vi, aisahumA jIvaho dUre te vi / kohAicakku vi puNNapAva, te jIvaho bhiNNA kammabhAva / 9.10.2-7 - - jo saikar3oM auSadhiyoM se paripoSita kiyA jAtA hai vaha zarIra bhI jIva se bhinna hai| bar3e bar3e dIrgha sukhakArI locana bhI jIva se bhinna haiN| vRkSa ke pallava samAna yaha caMcala jihvA bhI jIva se dUra hI sthita hai| zarIra ke sparza, gandha va kAnoM ke guNa tathA rUpa-riddhi jIva se ati bhinna hai| anya jo bhI guNa kAyA meM A milate haiM ve saba jIva se bhinna hokara cale jAte haiM / kAya ke bahuta se sthUla-sUkSma Adi guNa haiM, ve bhI jIva se dUra hI haiN| krodhAdi cAroM kaSAeM aura puNyapApa ye saba karmabhAva jIva se bhinna haiN| yahA~ anyatva bhAvanA kA mUla prayojana hai - vibhinna saMyogoM ke mele meM khoye nija zuddhAtma tattva ko khojanA, pahacAnanA, pAnA, use sabase bhinna-nirAlA jAnanA, usakA hI sadA cintana karanA, usakI hI bhAvanA mAnanA, usI kA dhyAna karanA, usI meM jamanA, ramanA, usI meM lIna ho jAnA, vilIna ho jAnA tathA usI meM sampUrNataH samA jAnA / ' zarIra sambandhI rAgAtmaka vikalpoM ke zamana ke lie deha viSayaka azucitA kA cintana azuci bhAvanA hai| karakaNDu ke azuci bhAvanA sambandhI vicAra isa prakAra haiM - ehu dehaho bhaNu guNu ko vihAi, kau maMDaNU asui sahAveM jAi / je AyaNa tarala vibbhamagayA vi, te dUsANivahahi~ dUsiyA vi / bhAsAraMdho kA visuddhi, jahi~ galai siMbhu payaDau asuddhi / guNama ahare jaNu kiM kalei, jahi~ lAlAsAraNi parighulei /

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71 apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 guNudIsai kavaNu uroruhAha, paripUriya pUyae~ vaNaNihAhaiM / ghaNamaMsapavaDDhiya piMDayAha, ko karai raI taha~ dUsiyAha / * kaDimaMDalu bhaNiyau kiM buhehi, parisavai asuddhau bihiM muhehi / vasaruhiramaMsahaDDAI jetthu, bhaNu suddhihe kAraNu kavaNu tetthu / jai bhiMtaru bAhiru vihi karaMtu bhaNu jaNavau ko tahiM rai saraMtu / 9.11.1-9 - isa deha meM kaho kaunasA guNa dikhAI detA hai ? jo svabhAva se azaci hai usakA kyA maNDana ? jo tarala aura vibhramapUrNa netra haiM ve dUSaNa-samUha se dUSita haiN| batAo nAsikA randhra meM kyA vizuddhi hai ? jahA~ spaSTa hI azuddha zleSmA bahatA rahatA hai| adhara meM loga kyoM amRta guNa kI kalpanA karate haiM jabaki vahA~ para lAra kA pravAha ghUmatA rahatA hai| stanoM meM kaunasA guNa dikhAI detA hai ? jabaki ve pIva se bhare hue phor3oM-sadRza haiN| saghana mAMsa ke bar3he hue dUSita piNDoM se kauna rati kare ? buddhimAnoM (kaviyoM) ne kaTi maNDala kA kyoM varNana kiyA jabaki vahA~ do-do guhya mukhoM se azuddha mala bahatA hai| jisa zarIra meM vasA, rudhira, mAMsa aura har3iyA~ haiM vahA~ kaho zuddhi kA kaunasA kAraNa hai ? yadi bhItarI va bAharI vidhi (zuddhi) kA vicAra kareM to kauna manuSya zarIra ke sAtha rati karegA ? azuci bhAvanA kA prayojana hai zarIrAdi saMyogoM kI azucitA aura nijasvabhAva kI zucitA ko samajhakara saMyogoM se virata ho nijasvabhAva meM rata hokara ananta sukhI hoN| saMsArI prANI ke strI, putra, mitra, makAna, jamIna, jAyadAda,rupayA-paisA aura zarIra kA saMyoga hai| ina saMyogoM kI anityatA ko anityabhAvanA meM, azaraNatA ko azaraNa bhAvanA meM, duHkharUpatA ko saMsAra bhAvanA meM abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai| ekatva bhAvanA meM svayaM kA ekatva, anyatva bhAvanA meM saMyogoM se bhinnatva aura azuci bhAvanA meM zarIra (saMyogoM) kI malinatA (vibhAvAdi) kA citraNakara kavi ne sahRdaya kA zama' nAmaka sthAyI bhAva udabuddha kara zAntarasa kI anubhUti karAyI hai| sAtha hI vairAgyotpAdaka sandeza diyA hai| yaha sandeza pAThaka/zrotA kI bhAvabhUmi ko sarala evaM tarala banAkara use jotane aura siMcita karane kA kArya karatA hai| saMsAra, zarIra evaM bhogoM se vairAgyabhAva jAgarita karatA hai| saMyogoM ke prati anAdikAlIna saMyogAdhIna dRSTi ko samAptakara antaronmukha hone kI preraNA detA hai| antaronmukha hone para hI sukha-zAnti milatI hai| saMkSepa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki kavi ne karakaNDucariu meM anuprekSA kA varNana kara AtmArthI ko mAnasika dainika bhojana pradAna kiyA hai aura saMsAra, zarIra va bhogoM meM lipta jagata ko ananta sukhakArI mArga meM pratiSThita karane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai| 1. hindI kAvyazAstra kA itihAsa, pR. 372, DaoN. bhAgIratha mizra, lakhanaU vizvavidyAlaya, _ vi. saM. 2005 / 2. kAvyaprakAza, 1.2, AcArya mammaTa, jJAnamaNDala limiTeDa, vArANasI, 1960 / 3. sAhitya darpaNa, 1.2, vizvanAtha, caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI-1, vi. saM. 2020 /

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apabhraMza - bhAratI 5-6 4. saMskRta zataka paramparA aura AcArya vidyAsAgara ke zataka, pR. 304, DaoN. (zrImatI) AzAlatA malaiyA, jayazrI Aila mila, durga, maI 1989 | 72 5. chahaDhAlA 5.1-2, paM. daulatarAmajI, zrI digambara jaina svAdhyAya mandira TrasTa, sonagar3ha, vIra ni. saM. 2505 / 6. jJAnArNava, bhAvanA adhikAra, 192, AcArya zubhacandra, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura (mahA.), vIra ni. saM. 2503 1 7. bAraha bhAvanA : eka anuzIlana, pR. 8, DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla, paM. ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa, e-4, bApUnagara, jayapura-302015 | 8. sarvArthasiddhi, 9.7 kI TIkA, AcArya pUjyapAda, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, naI dillI, 1971 I 9. bAraha bhAvanA : eka anuzIlana, pR. 79 1 10. vahI, pRSTha 95 | mIla roDa gaMjabAsaudA, vidizA (ma.pra.)

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 janavarI-julAI-1994 apabhraMza bhASA se janabhASA kI vikAsa-pravRttiyA~ - zrImatI aparNA caturvedI prItA 'zabda' bhASA, usakI gati evaM usake vikAsa kI zakti hai| eka vizeSa samudAya kI pahacAna bhaugolika kSetra meM bolI jAnevAlI bhASA se hotI A rahI hai, kyoMki 'zabda' arthavAn sAmaMjasya ke sAtha-sAtha manuSya ko ApasI vyavahAra aura saMvedanA bhAva se jor3ate haiN| sahI mAyanoM meM hama dekheM to zabda arthavattA ke sUkSma kendra meM sthApita ho samAja meM, sAhityakAroM meM evaM kaviyoM meM samayAnukUla saMskAroM ko ubhArate haiM jinameM dUragAmI prabhAvoM ke sAtha-sAtha paraMparAtmaka-zailI, kathya, bhAvabhUmi, janopayogI mImAMsA kA svarUpa bhI nihita hotA hai| apabhraMza bhASA kI mahattA bhAratIya bhASAoM ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se isIlie mahattvapUrNa hai aura rahegI, kyoMki apabhraMza bhASA kA saMgaThita svarUpa hameM 10vIM zatAbdI se bhI kaI sAla pahale kA milatA hai| saMyukta parivAroM kI, bhAratIya samAja meM kuTumba kI, samudAya kI, parikalpanA ke sAtha-sAtha apabhraMza bhASA ke pariniSThita-svarUpa ko loka bhASA evaM apanI bhASA mAnakara grahaNa karanA AraMbha kara diyA gayA thaa| AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedIjI ne 'hindI sAhitya' kRti meM vizeSarUpa se likhA hai - "dasavIM zatAbdI kI bhASA meM likhita jo sAhitya upalabdha huA hai usameM pariniSThita apabhraMza se kucha Age bar3hI huI bhASA kA rUpa dikhAyI detA hai| svayaM mahArAja bhoja ne apabhraMza se milatI-julatI huI prAkRta bhASA kI kavitA likhI thI aura use bar3e Adara ke sAtha apanI

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 bhojazAlA meM khudavA ke jar3A thaa| yaha bhojazAlA Ajakala dhAra kI kamAla maulA kI masjida ke nAma se mazahUra hai|" apabhraMza bhASA ghumakkar3oM-AbhIroM kI bhASA ke rUpa meM bhI mAnI gii| yaha "anumAnataH I. san 181 ke kSatrapa rudrasiMha ke eka lekha se patA calatA hai| unake pradhAna senApati rudrabhUti AbhIra the| 12 vastutaH bhASA kA pracalana sadaiva samparka va janamAnasa kI grahaNa-zakti se bhI prabhAvita hotA rahA hai| AcArya DaoN.hajArIprasAda dvivedIjI ne ye spaSTa tathya diye haiM ki chanda, kAvyarUpa, kAvyagata rUr3hiyoM aura vaktavya vastu kI dRSTi se dasavIM se caudahavIM zatAbdI taka kA lokabhASA kA sAhitya pariniSThita apabhraMza meM prApta sAhitya kA hI bar3hAva hai, yadyapi usakI bhASA apabhraMza se thor3I bhinna hai| yaha vicAraNIya saMdarbha bhI hai ki jisa samaya AbhIroM kI bhASA meM (apabhraMza meM) chappaya, dohA, soraThA kA svarUpa sAhityakAroM ne kAlabaddha (10vIM se 14vIM zatAbdI taka) kiyA taba hI apabhraMza bhASA pariniSThita hokara sAhityika bhASA banI tathA vyAkaraNa aura bolacAla ke mizraNa se lokabhASA ke rUpa meM prasAra pAne lgii| yahI pakSa hameM isa dizA kI ora bhI AkarSita karatA hai ki apabhraMza bhASA aura lokabhASA ke madhya tatsama zabdoM kA bAhulya Aja bhI dekhane ko milatA hai| __ AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedIjI kI prasiddha kRti 'hindI sAhitya' meM apabhraMza bhASA IsA kI prathama zatI kI mAnI gaI hai| AbhIroM kI pravRtti ghumakkar3a rahI jo sthAna-sthAna para AkheTa karate the| vizeSa prakAra kA svara-vaicitrya aura uccAraNa-prAvaNya isakA pradhAna lakSaNa thaa| yadyapi yaha AbhIrI nAma se pukArI gayI, para thI Arya bhaassaa| ___ apabhraMza bhASA meM tatsama zabdoM kA bAhulya dekhakara mujhe lagatA hai ki darabArI-rAjAzraya prApta kaviyoM ne rAjA kI prazaMsA hetu jana sAdhAraNa meM apane graMthoM ke pracAra-prasAra kI dRSTi se yaha svataMtratA le lI thI, jaise puSpadanta (rASTrakUTa ke rAjA kRSNarAja ke Azrita) kI kRti meM yaha pravRtti hai| ___ jayapura meM (pUre rAjasthAna meM phaile) kaThaputalI-kalA se jur3e parivAroM kI bhASA, bolI tathA luhArU jAti kI bolI kA uccAraNa athavA bhaugolika kSetrIya paramparA ke svarUpa ko dekhakara bhI yaha lagatA hai ki Aja bhI jana boliyoM meM apabhraMza-bhASA jIvita hai| bhale hI usakA svarUpa sAhitya ke pakSa se bhinna ho gayA ho| ___ 'kaba taka pukArUM' upanyAsa meM rAMgeya rAghavajI ne eka paramparAtmaka saMskRti kA ullekha kiyA hai jo AbhIrI-paraMparA ke nikaTa kI dikhAyI detI hai| jaise ki 'mailA A~cala' meM phaNIzvaranAtha reNujI ne mithilA pRSThabhUmi ko sAmane rakhA hai| menAriyAjI ne bhI kahA hai - "rAso grantha, jinako vIragAthA nAma diyA gayA hai, jinake AdhAra para vIragAthA kAla kI kalpanA kI gaI hai, rAjasthAna ke kisI samaya-vizeSa kI sAhityika pravRtti ko sUcita nahIM karate, kevala

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 75 bhATa, cAraNa Adi kucha varga ke logoM kI janmajAta manovRtti ko prakaTa karate haiN| lekina yaha dRSTi adhUrI hai| apabhraMza bhASA kA lopa vaijJAnika-audyogika pravRtti evaM vyApAra-dRSTi se zaharIkaraNa (grAma-maMDiyoM kA vikAsa) evaM vaicArika, bhautika-sukha se saMpanna hone ke kAraNa hone lgaa| rAjAzrita kaviyoM ko bhASAgata saMrakSaNa milane kI paraMparA se bhI apabhraMza bhASA kA svarUpa, aMcala kI bhASA se bhI kama hone lgaa| vastutaH yaha dRSTi bhrAMti evaM zodha ke apUrNa sAdhana se utpanna huI-sI lagatI hai| cANakya-nIti ke marAThImUla meM tatsama zabdoM kI pracuratA isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki apabhraMza bhASA gyArahavIM zatAbdI taka Ate-Ate vyAvahArika lokabhASA ke rUpa meM pahacAnI jAne lagI kavi rAjazekhara ke anusAra pUrva kI ora prAkRtika bhASA ke kavi unake pIche taTa, nartaka, vAdaka, vAgjIvana, kuzIlava, tAlAvacara haiM to pazcima kI ora apabhraMza bhASA ke kavi aura unake pIche citrakAra, lepakAra, maNikAra, jauharI, sunAra, bar3haI, lohAra aadi| __ DaoN. nAmavarasiMha ke anusAra - "apabhraMza kAvya kI bhASA meM dhvanyAtmaka zabda prayukta hue haiM aura bhAvAnukUla zabda-yojanA tathA artha kI vyaMjanA ke lie tadanukUla dhvani zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| bhASA calatI huI, AkarSaka hai| isI loka tattva ke dvArA apabhraMza sAhitya ne bhAratIya sAhitya meM apanA aitihAsika kArya saMpanna kiyaa|" "apabhraMza ke uttarakAla meM deza kI jaisI sthiti thI vaisI hI purAnI hindI ke prAraMbhika yuga meM thii| apabhraMza kA upalabdha sAhitya prAkRta ke samAna hai, madhura tathA kAvyAtmaka sauMdarya se anuraMjita hai| jaina apabhraMza sAhitya kA vargIkaraNa kAvya prabaMdha muktaka mahAkAvya ekArtha khaNDakAvya gIta dohA caupaI phuTakara (stotra-pUjA) purANa kAvya carita kAvya kathA kAvya aitihAsika kAvya premAkhyAna vratamAhAtmyamUlaka upadezAtmaka uparokta vivaraNoM meM zodha saMbhAvanAe~ nihita haiN| kyoMki hAr3autI aMcala meM, kizanagar3ha tathA anya aMcaloM meM apabhraMza bhASA ke zabda, laya, mAdhurya hameM bhakti, saMta-gAyana meM milatI haiN| apabhraMza bhASA Aja bhI jIvita hai| vyAkaraNika-bhASA se alg|avhtttt apabhraMza kIrtilatA meM gadya-padya donoM kA saMyukta prayoga dekhakara vidvAnoM ne ise 'campU' khaa| yahI campU kAvya paraMparA

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16 apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 hameM malayAlama bhASA kI 'kalakA~cI','maNikAMcI', 'paryastakAMcI' tathA mizra kAkalI, ye saba kAkalI ke bheda haiM, meM milatI hai| _ 'rAmacandra vilAsa' mahAkAvya, aSakattu zrI padmanAbhakkurUpa kI rAmAyaNa-prasaMga para AdhArita hai| jo malayAlI IrA ke 1092veM sAla meM pahalI bAra prakAzita huaa| vahIM zrIM pannalaM kerala varmA kA rUkmAMgada-caritra' mahAkAvya malayAlama IrA ke 1063 meM pUrA huA tathA 1097 meM prakAzita huaa| isameM rUkmAMgada aura mohinI kI praNayakathA varNita hai| __ tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke dvArA hameM bahuta se achUte saMdarbha prApta hote rahe haiM, hote rheNge| kyoMki bhramaNazIla pravRtti ke kAraNa jaba eka prAMta kA vyakti dUsare prAMta meM jAtA hai, rahatA hai, taba apane sAtha mUla meM, vyavahAra meM, bhASA-saMskAra, vezabhUSA, parva, sabhI kucha le jAtA hai| apabhraMza bhASA kA svarUpa malayAlama, kannar3a, marAThI, saMskRta sabhI meM nihita ho sakatA hai| bhASA-dRSTi se sarvekSaNa kI vyApakatA kI AvazyakatA hai| mahArASTra ke 'lAtUra' kSetra meM bhI bolI jAne vAlI bhASA meM brajabhASA, baghelI, rAjasthAnI, marAThI kI mizrita bhASA prayukta hotI dikhAyI detI hai tathA ziraDI gA~va meM bhI tatsama, anuprAsa, yamaka zabdoM kI pracuratA dikhAyI detI hai| isa prakAra se hama bhASA vikAsa meM apabhraMza kI pravRttiyA~ khoja sakate haiN| 1. hindI sAhitya kI bhUmikA, pRSTha 32, AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI / 2. vahI, pR. 33 / 3. hindI sAhitya, AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI, pR. 35 / 4. hindI sAhitya kI pravRttiyA~, pR. 35-36, DaoN.jayakizana prasAda, vinoda pustaka mandira, rAMgeya rAghava mArga, AgarA-2 / 5. bhaktamAla, kavi nAbhAdAsa, marAThI-baMgalA meM anuvAda / 6. hindI sAhitya kI bhUmikA, pR. 30, AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI / 7. hindI kAvya dhArA, pR. 50, DaoN. nAmavara siMha / 8. hindI sAhitya kI pravRttiyA~, pR. 44, DaoN. jayakizana prasAda / 9. hindI aura malayAlama ke kAvyarUpa, pR. 175, DaoN. vI. Ara. kRSNa nAyara, vANI prakAzana, dillI-110007 / 10. vahI, pR. 179 / 8/263, mAlavIya nagara jayapura-302 017 (rAja.)

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5-6 77 dIsai uyayasihareM ravikesari chuDu chuDu rattacUlavAsiya kira, chuDu pacaliya pavAsiya / uTThiya kAyasadda bhayavevira, chuDu Nillukka kosiya / tA jagasaravarammi, Nisi kumuiNi, uDu papphullakumuyauddhAsiNi / ummUliya paccUsamayaMge, gamu sajiu ssihNsvihNgeN| bahalatamaMdhayAravAraNaari, dIsai uyayasihara ravikesari / puvvadisAvahUhi aruNacchavi, lIlAkamalu va ubbhAsai ravi / sohammAikappaphalu joyaho, kosumaguMchu va gynnaasoyhaaN| diNasirividumavelliheM kaMdu va, Nahasiri ghusiNalalAmaya biMdu va / sudaMsaNacariu, 5.10 - raktacUr3a (murge) dvArA saMketa pAkara pravAsI cala pdd'e| kauvoM ke zabda uThe aura zIghra hI bhaya se kA~pate hue kauzika (ullU) chipa gye| tabhI jagarUpI sarovara se tArArUpI praphulla kumudoM se udbhAsita rAtrirUpI kumudinI ko pratyUSarUpI mAtaMga ne unmUlita kara ddaalaa| zazirUpI haMsa pakSI ne gamana kI taiyArI kii| saghanatama aMdhakArarUpI gaja kA vairI ravirUpI siMha udayAcala ke zikhara para dikhAI diyaa| pUrva dizArUpI vadhU ke lIlAkamala ke sadRza aruNavarNa ravi udita huaa| jaise mAno yoga kA saudharma Adi svargarUpa phala ho, gaganarUpI azoka kA puSpaguccha ho, dinazrIrUpI pravAla kI bela kA kaMda ho tathA nabhazrI ke bhAla kA kesaramaya lalAmabindu ho| anu. - DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina

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apabhraMza bhAratI (zodha-patrikA) sUcanAeM 1. patrikA sAmAnyata: varSa meM do bAra prakAzita hogii| 2. patrikA meM zodha-khoja, adhyayana-anusaMdhAna sambandhI maulika aprakAzita racanAoM ko hI sthAna milegaa| 3. racanAeM jisa rUpa meM prApta hoMgI unheM prAyaH usI rUpa meM prakAzita kiyA jaaygaa|svbhaavtH tathyoM kI prAmANikatA Adi kA uttaradAyitva racanAkAra kA hogaa| 4. yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki prakAzaka, sampAdaka lekhakoM ke abhimata se sahamata hoN| 5. racanAeM kAgaja ke eka ora kama se kama 3 seM. mI. kA hAziyA chor3akara suvAcya akSaroM meM likhI athavA TAipa kI huI honI caahie| 6. racanAeM bhejane evaM anya saba prakAra ke patra-vyavahAra ke lie patA - sampAdaka apabhraMza bhAratI apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI digambara jaina nasiyAM bhaTTArakajI savAI rAmasiMha roDa jayapura-302004

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