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of the world, (4) Eternal nature of the Vedas and their authenticity,(5) Validity of true knowledge, (6) Nature of error, (7) Theory of monism, existence of Brahman and nature of Māyā (8) Enumeration of substances according to Vaiseṣika system and Nyaya system, (9) Nature of darkness and Sakti, (10) Nature of Prakṛti and Puruṣa; and (11) Bauddha doctrines of momentary existence, five Skandhas and the eight-fold path of salvation.
Bhāvasena quotes from numerous Jain and non-Jain works. Prominent among these are the following-Tattvärtha Sūtra of Umāsvāti, Aptamimāṁsā of Samantabhadra, Samādhitantra of Pujyapāda, Siddhiviniśchaya of Akalanka, Syādvadasiddhi of Vadībhasimha, Parīkṣāmukha of Manikyanandin, Gommaṭasāra of Nemichandra and Svarupasambodhana of Mahasena. The non-Jain works quoted include the following: Rgveda, various Upaniṣads, Apastamba Śrautasūtra, YājñavaIkya Smrti, Mahabharata, Matsyapurāṇa Samkhyakārikā, Nyayasutra, Nyayasara, Prasastapādabhāṣya, Vyomasiva's commentary on it, Slokavārtika of Kumārila, Prakaraṇapañchikā of Sālikanatha, Brahmasiddhi of Mandanamiśra, Istasiddhi of Vimuktātman, Madhyamikakärikā of Nagarjuna, Vijñaptimātratāsiddhi of Vasubandhu, Pramāṇavārtika of Dharmakirti, and Tattvasaṁgraha of Santarakṣita. Special mention may be made here of a reference to three Carvaka scholars-Purandara, Udbhața and Aviddhakarna. Detailed references to all these works and authors can be found in the Appendix.
The present edition is based on a paper MS of Karanja Bhandara dated in 1615 A. D. Variant readings of another MS of Humcha Bhandara are given in an Appendix. This MS is dated in 1445 A. D.
This is the first philosophical work of Bhavasena coming to light. We hope to edit some more works from his pen in the near future.
