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96
SACRED LITERATURE OF THE JAINS
schol, says etany api samprati sūtrato'rthataś ca vyav., yathāgatasampradāyato vacyāni.
The ditļhivaa is stated to have consisted of five parts. The first part is the parikammam, by which, the scholiast says, we are to understand those preparations necessary to grasp the meaning of the sūtras correctly. These preparations are analogous to the 16 arithme. tical operations parikarmāni which must be understood in order to compute without assistance from others. 479. They are divided into 7 groups, each one of which is again divided into various subdivisions, the total number of which is 83. The first two groups have each 14, the next five but 11 of these subdivisions, which everywhere bear the same title. They begin, 480 in the case of groups 1 and 2 with the māyāpayāim, in the case of groups 3-7 with the pădho. Padha doubtless signifies "reading"; and the măuyāpadāņi, numbering 46 according to anga 4, 46,- see p. 281,-recall the 46 signs of the alphabet, and therefore deal with preliminary instruction in reading and writing. The statement bambhie naṁ livie chāyālisaṁ māuyakkharāņi, which follows immediately thereupon, tends however to invalidate (350) this assumption. Since this statement certainly, though strangely enough (see above, p. 281 note), refers to 46 sounds or signs of the alphabet, the 46 màuyāpadāņi which are mentioned immediately before must refer to something else.481 Furthermore since both scholia upon this occasion offer the second of the above-cited explanations of their ignorance, and consequently make no attempt to clear up the names of the 7 groups or of their 84 sub-divisions, it cannot be demanded of us that we do more than follow their example, 482
ធន៍
479 Schol. on N: parikarma yogyatäpädanam, taddhet uh fästram api parikarma; sutra.
purvagata-'nuyoga-sut rarthagrahaņayogyatāsampādanasamarthāni parikarmāni, yat ha ganitaśāstre samkalitādiny adyāni sodaśa parikarmāni, se saganitafut rartha
grahane samarthänipadana (doubtless orthata-sampā° ?) samarthäni. 480 The interesting fact becomes here apparent that the text of N is unconditionally
older. See below. 481 It is greatly to be lamented that the MS of Abhayadeva to which I have had
access, is here so corrupt, that nothing definite can be gained from it. The passage reads :-(dit hivāyassa naň chāyālisan masyapayā pañ, bambhie namn livie chāyā. lisan mauak kharā pam) : diffhivävassa iti dvā lasāṁgas ya, māyāpaya ti sakalatvahmayasya(?) ak vāśadi (akārādi ?) mātskāpadani' va distivādarthaprasart ha(?) nigamah dhovyal?) laksanāni tāni va (tanica) siddhaśreni-manusyaéreny-adina (i e. names of the first two groups of the parikamma) visayabhedeva (dena) kat ham api bhidyamanāni satohat värisnad gavati (bhavam i ti?) sambhadhvate (vyate): tathā bambhie nam livie tti lekhyavidhau 46 mātīkākşarāņi, tâni ca.
(see p. 281). 482 Some of these names are not certain since the MSS. vary. Agasapayáin, keubhuyan
răsibaddhan, keubhuyapadiggaho refer probably to the domain of astronomy.
