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152
SACRED LITERATURE OF THE JAINS
of everything evil. Several portions, however, treat of different subjects, viz. :-5 physiology, 7 mythology, 8 astrology, 10 hymns. That portion which is of mythological content recalls the Atharvaparisista, though the Atharvaparisista must precede the painnas in order of time, since the latter contains the Greek terms hora and dikkāṇa.
It is difficult to give a review of the contents of most of these small texts, since we possess no commentary. The character of some portions (1, 5, 6-8) is very dissimilar from that of others; 6-8 are of a similar type, which marks them out as a separate inter-dependent group, A peculiar characteristic of this group is that the author speaks of himself in the first person, and addresses his listeners in the plural or singular. In No. 7 a woman is the object of his instruction; and this painna has a special claim to antiquity since it is said to be identical with the isibhāsiyāiṁ mentioned in angas 3 10 4,44! See p. 429. It is, however, possible that another text [433] of the same name is there referred to. In the summary which I now give I follow the extant usual list of the 10 painnas which is found in Bühler.
XXV. The first painnam, cai saranam, catuḥsaraṇam; in 63vv. The first seven verses 788 refer to the saḍāvasyakam, the six daily duties necessary for the purification of life. See above pp. 161", 244.
1. The samāiam, sāmāyikam, explained in the text itself by sävajjajogavirai, desistance from all evil.789 Cf. the use of this word to denote the first anga also in up. 1,57 (ib. 123, 125 sāvajjajogavahiya).
2. cauvisaithaa, caturvinśatistava, explained ibid. by: ukkittaṇā, praise of the virtues of the 24 Jinas.
3. vamdanaa, explained by guṇavao paḍivatti, honor of the guru.
4. paḍikkamaṇam, pratikramanam confession (to the guru), explained by khaliyassa nimḍanā, censure of past misdeeds, conjoined with the intention of not committing the offence again,790
788 The first verse reads: savajjajogavirat ukkittaṇā gunavao ya paḍivatti | khaliyassa nimdana vanat igiccha gunadharană ceva // 1 //. It recurs in similar form in the Anuyogadvaras, etc.
789 saha 'vadyena papena vartamta iti savadyāḥ, yoga manovākkāyavyāpārās, teṣām viratir nivɣttiḥ.
790 na punaḥ karişyämi 'ty abhyupagamanam; hence the name, the meeting, pratipam kramanam. The pratikramanam is (see Jacobi, Kalpas. p. 117) divided into five parts: 1. daivasikam (we must accept this and not devasikam as the reading in Jacobi's text) i. e. to be done daily; 2. rätrikam nightly; 3. pākṣikam semimonthly; 4, every four months; 5. annually.
