________________
SACRED LITERATURE OF THE JAINS
191
gasahassăim bhagavao (Usahasāmissa dititthagarassa, taha sarkhi jjāim painnagasahassaiṁ majjhamaganam Jinayarāņam, caüddasa painnagasahassā iṁ bhagavao] Vad chamaņasāmissa, etc.
From this we may draw the conclusion that the 59 titles"41 according to the opinion of the author of the Nandi, represent merely a portion of tbe 84,000 painnas (our MS. has 184,000 in the text), which belonged to the first tirthakara Rşabhasvämin and to the 22 Jiņavaras following him ; but that at the time of Vardhamanasvāmin their number was reduced to 14,000. Or accordi.g to another view, each of the 24 tirthakaras had just so many thousand painnas or pratyekabuddhas (16] as he possessed scholars endowed with the correct fourfold knowledge. Estimating tþese exaggerated figures at their true value, let us consider the 59 titles.943 Of the texts now enumerated as parts of the Siddhanta the titles of the four painnas 25, 27, 28, 34, of the sixth chedasūtra 40 and of two of the mūlasūtras, 44 and 46 are omitted. Of these the four painnas are to be regarded as modern productions and later than the N; the titles of the sixth chedasūtra 40 and of the fourth mūlasūtra 46, are not certain ; and, finally, the title of the fourth mülasūtra 44, āvaśyaka, has been already mentioned. See on p. 11. The remaining 27 titles of texts of the present Siddhānta not belonging to the angas (13 fg.) are one and all contained in the above list, though in a different order of arrangement and without any statement in reference to the names of their groups. Some, however, belong together as groups, the first four and the last five upāngas (Nos. 5-8 and 55-59) and the five chedasūtras (Nos. 31-35). Besides these the list contains
vāt, prakirnakanānh ca tadracitat vät ; madhyamatirthaktam api samkhyeyani prakirnakasahasrani vācyäni, Vardhamānasvaminas caturdaśasahasrāni. - anye punar áhuk: idam Rşabhadiran caturasitisahasradikan framanamānam pradhānesutraracanãsam adhyani (or merely canam ?) adhiktyo 'ktan, anyatha sämänyaśramanaḥ prabhutatara api tada Rşabhädikāle ăsiran.-anye punar evam āhuḥ : Rsabhādinām jivatām idam caturasitisahasrädikan śramanamānam, pravähatah punar ekaikasmin tirthe bhuyarhso'py asiran, tatra ye pradhānasutraracanāśaktisamanvitaḥ suprasiddhatatvandhāva (?) tatkälika api tirtham pravartamānās tatrā dhikytä (h): etad eva dar sa
yann aha : ahave 'ty-adi sugaman. 911 Or 60 including mar anavi sohi (Svi, V. between 23 and 24) and 65 with the addi
tion of the five names in PS. 942 pratyekabuddha api tāvanta eva syuh ; - atrai 'ke vyācak sate : ekaikasya 'pi tirtha
kytas tirthe parimānāni prakirnakani, tatkārinām aparimănat vat; kevalarh pratyekabuddhar acitäny eva prakirnakāni, drastavyāni tatparimănena pratyekabuddhaparimānasya pratipadanāt This explanation of eke is designed to effect a perfectly comprehensible limitation, but cannot be brought in agreement with the context. The title pratyekabuddha is of great interest. It occurs also in the angas, see pp. 265, 334. Similar statements to the above are found in the scholiast on the first painna. See p. 435. In the Vicărămytasangraha is quoted the following interesting citation from the pitha of a kalpabhagya : suttam ganahararaiyan taheva patte
yabuddharaiyam ca suyakevalina rai yan abhiuna dasapuvvind raiyar || 943 Or 60 and 65, see p. 15, note2.
