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SACRED LITERATURE OF THE JAINS
203
bhramati ca rauti ca bhramarah, (34) muhur muhur lasati musalam. kapir iva larvate thac (v. 1. are ghatti, beti, seti) ca karoti (patati ca is added by BC) kapittham, cid iti karoti khallar ca bhavati cikkallar, ürdhvakarnao70 ulūkaḥ khasya māla mehkalā.
Under the head of pamāna, that is divided into davvao, khetia, kala", and bhāvao, the measures of space, length of liquids, time and dry measures are treated of in extenso. There are frequent citations of lengthy passages of antique colouring, which deal in the form of a dialogue with the instruction of Goyama (by Mabăvira) on this point. A very minute doctrine of atomos is also found here, see Bhagav. 2,256.071 The enumeration of the measures of time is similiar to that in the kālāņupuvvi, above page 29, the progression by 84's beginning three gradations after the quinquennial yuga. In the discussion on paliovame (palyopama) we find inserted a lengthy passage from the Pannavana (thiipaa) in reference to the duration of the continuance of creatures in their different gradations. This insertion is given in full in some MSS., in others the beginning and conclusion above are given, it being stated that it is a citation from the Pann. Not much farther on a question is introduced in the following fashion which does not seem original°78 :- tartha nam codae (codakah), prerakah, prcchakah) pannavayam (ācdr yam) evam vayast, and then follow questions and answers in the usual way introduced by atthi ņań , and haṁta ! atthi. Later on [35] comes the dialogue between Goyama (and Mahavira), clad in an old form which is probably caused by citations.
Under the head of Gunappamāna, the first group of the bhāvappam, the nanaguņap. is said to be four-fold : paccakkhe, aņumāne, uvamäņe, and ägame. The last is divided into loiye and louttarie. To the loiya is ascribed everything that is annāņihiṁ micchădiţthiehiṁ saccardabuddhimativigappiyam : tam jaha : Bhäraham Rāmāyaraṁ jāva (BCR, evarn A) cattāri a vedā saṁgoyaṁgā. Here we have a reference to an earlier enumeration. See above, pp. 9,28. We find that jam imam arahaṁtehiṁ bhagavaṁtehiṁ savvadarisihiṁ paņiaṁ duvālasangam ganipidagar, tam : āyāre jāva dițļhivãe is considered to be loguttarie. There are, however, other divisions of the agama ; thus, those into sutta",
970 ürdhvakarna ... omitted in R. 971 Where uddharenu is to be translated by urdhvarenu sanha.° ussanha, by slak.
snaślaksnika, ucсhlak sna'; sanha can be also for suksma; see Hem. 1, 118,
where, however, we have ārse suhumam. Cf. 2, 75 ? Hälá 732. 972 While correcting the proof Leumann informs me of its occurrence in the Nandi
NED. p. 335. It is also found in the ay. nijj. see p. 69.
