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SACRED LITERATURE OF THE JAINS
consequently begin with Abhijit and not with Kfttika. There are no legends whatsoever. Dr. Leumann sends me the following detailed statement of the contents of this upāngam :
I. Introduction ; II. Two-fold division of creatures : 1-10 thāvarā, 1-5. pudhavikkäiya egiñdiyā, 6-7. aukkāiyā eg., 8-10. vaņassaikkāiya eg., 11-26 tasā, 11. teukkāiya eg, 12. vāukkāiyā eg., 13. beimdiyā, 14. teimdiyā, 15. caürimdiyā, 16-26, pamcimdiyā, 16. neraiya, 17-20. sammucchima tirikkhajoniyā, 21-24. gabbhavakkaṁti yatir, 25. maņussa, 26. devā, 27. tasa and thāvarā (in general); III. Three-fold division of creatures: 1-6. itthiyão, 7-12. purisa, 13-18. napusagā, 19-26. the three together and among themselves; IV. Four-fold division of creatures. A geographical text is inserted called the divasamudda. 1. padhamo neraiya-uddeso, 2. bitiyaneraiya uddesao, 3. tāio nāraya-uddesao, 4. tirikkhajoniya-padh. udd. 5. tirikkh. udd. bio., 6. maņussā, 7. 31-33. devā. 8-28. divasamuddā. 8-16 the Jambudiva, the inmost part of the world, of circular form. 8. Description of the above, in general the same as that of Sūriyabhavimāņa in Rajapr. 9. the gate of the east, Vijaya dāra. 10. The residence rāyahāņi of the god Vijaya who rules there. 11. [391] The walk of reverence of Vijaya within his vimana, 12. The duration of the existence of Vijaya, 13. The gates of the three remaining regions of the world : Vejayamta dāra, Jayamta dāra and Aparaiya dara, and the distance of the dāras from each other. 14. Jambuddīva as bounded by the Lavana sea which surrounds it on all sides like a ring, 15. Explanation of the name Jambuddiva, 16. Number of the constellations moving over Jamb., 17. The Lavaņa sea, the first ocean surrounding Jambuddiva like a ring ; the description here corresponds to that of Jamb, and from this point on is in the same strain, 18. The Canda-diva and Suradiva of the different parts of the earth and oceans 19. Appendix to 17 : Ebb and flow etc., 20. The second part of the globe, Dhāyaisaņda, that in circular form is contiguous to the Lavana sea ; then the second ocean Kaloda which, in the form of a ring, is adjacent to Dhāy.; and finally the third part of the globe. Pukkharavara, contiguous to Kaloda, 21. The Samaya or Maņussa Khetta, consisting of the above mentioned two first parts of the globe. and the first two oceans together with the inner half of the ring of the third part of the globe, which is separated from the outer half by the circular mountain, Maņussuttara. 22. The following parts of the globe and oceans which are connected with one another as rings : Pukkharoda, Värunavara diva, Våruņoda, Khiravara diva, Khiroda, Ghatavara diva, Ghatoda, Khodavara diva, Khododa. 23. The following world-ring, Nandisaravara diva. 24. The following oceans and world-rings ; Nandi
