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116
SACRED LITERATURE OF THE JAINS
XIII, The first upangam, uvaväiyam, aupapātikam, of renewed births. The explanation of the name by aupapātika is (see above, p. 323, Leumann, p. 2) an incorrect Sanskrit rendering, since the formation is from Jpad+upa and not from pattupa. The work is divided into two parts, which are however, not separated by any recognized dividing line. The first, which is greater in extent than the second [378), treats in great detail of the appearance and sermon of Mahāvira in Campa under king Kūņiya Bambhasäraputta,675 and of the pilgrimage of the king to Mahāvira. The many varņakas, which, on such occasions as this, are found in the legendary introduction to the angas, uvařgas, occur in this intanee in their full form. They are consequently cited elsewhere merely by their introductory words; and for anything beyond this, reference is generally made to our text. The law proclaimed by Mahāvira is here (§ 57) designated partly as āgāraidhamme and partly as āgārasāmaie. See remarks on page 244 ad anga 1.' The second part, which contains the essence of the work, is in extent scarcely more than a third of the whole, and looks, as Leumann says, like a more detailed treatment of Bhag. 1,1,77 (see Bhag. 1,162). It is divided into divisions of tolerably small compass, which all possess a form equally solem. These small divisions are not equal in extent nor are they counted on to the end. At the end there are 22 kārikās. which describe the abode &c. of the Siddhas, viz. of those that have escaped migration of souls. We find the teaching of Imdabhati by Mahāvira treated of, partly in a general way, partly in reference to 15 definite categories of men as regads their uvaväyá among the neraiyas, &c., up to the heavenly worlds, and to the final perfection and residence of the blessed in the Isipabbhārå pudhavi, Dr. Ernst Leumann has given a detailed account of its contents in the introduction to his edition of the text ("the aupapātikasūtra," Leipzig., 1883), accompanied by an excellent glossary.
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Among the interesting facts contained in the middle part of the work, the following is of especial importance. In 76 there is an enumeration of alien sects, [379) parivvāyā, viz., the Sarkhā Jogi Kävilā676 Bhiucca677 haṁsā678 paramaharsa bahuudagā kulivvaya679 Kanhapariyvāyā680. In immediate connection with this is an enumera
675 cf. chedasutra, 4.10. 676 Kapilo devatā yeşañ, Sākhyā eva nirīśvarāḥ. 677 Bhrigur loke prasiddha îșiviseșas, tasyai 'va fişyah Bhargavah (!). 678 In reference to the following names see Wilson Sel. works 1,231 (ed. Rost). 679 kuțīvratah ; kuțicara in Wilson, also in the Arunik op. Ind, Stud. 2,179. 680 Nārāyanabhaktika iti kecit.
