Jainism in Buddhist Literature

Author(s): Bhagchandra Jain Bhaskar
Publisher: Alok Prakashan

Page 90

( 71 ) Caluhsalaks is definitely related to the Jaina theory of sout Umäsvāti says that by the contraction and expansion of the pradeśas, the soul expands according to the body, as the light from a lamp gets expansion and contraction according to the room, That is the reason why a soul can occupy the space represented by an ant or an elephants.
Acārya Śántarkşita in his Tattvasangraha wrote a separate chapter entitled Atma Parikså or the examination of Soul. He there refuted most of the relevant theories. In this context he established the theory of soul according to the Jainas and then refuted it on the basis of the doctrine of momentariness of Buddhism.
The theory of sou), according to the Jainas, as he described, has been established through Dravyarthikanaya ( substance: point of view) and Paryāyarthrkanaya ( successive factors point of view). He says : the soul has the characteristic of consciousness only (cillaksana evätria). In the form of substance, it remains the same under all states (anugatatmaka or comprehensive) by nature, while in the form of successive factors, being distinct with each state, it is exclusive in its nature (vyadstyāt maka). This two-fold character of soul is cognised by direct perception, and does not stand in need of being proved by other evidence. Thus consciousness which continues to exist through all states, even though these states are diverse, is a form of pleasure and rest, from the substance standpoint, while the successive factors consist of the diverse states which appear one after the other; and all these are distinctly perceived 5
Santarakṣita further explains the above view of Jainas stating on behalf of them that if the substance were absolutely different from the successive factors, then no difference in it would be possible; because on the ground of their non-difference regarding place, time and nature, the two are held to be one. As a matter of fact, however, the two are different as regards number and other factors. For instance, the difference regarding number is that the substance is one, while the successive